PMID- 18127707
TI  - Anuria.

PMID- 18127708
TI  - Air travel for the incapacitated.

PMID- 18127709
TI  - Alberta's tuberculosis program.

PMID- 18127710
TI  - A review of trachoma.

PMID- 18127711
TI  - Primary resection of the colon in ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 18127712
TI  - A diagram illustrating the results given by the copper sulphate method of
      Phillips, Van Slyke et al.

PMID- 18127713
TI  - Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta.

PMID- 18127714
TI  - Surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus.

PMID- 18127715
TI  - Protein-bound plasma iodine as an aid in the diagnosis of thyroid disease.

PMID- 18127716
TI  - The production of viseral lesions following attempted chronic irritation of the
      central nervous system.

PMID- 18127717
TI  - Death following the ingestion of alcohol in an antabuse treated patient.

PMID- 18127718
TI  - Cold auto-haemagglutination.

PMID- 18127719
TI  - Heterologous bio-cytoculture for tumour identification; preliminary report.

PMID- 18127720
TI  - Paediatrics and medical practice.

PMID- 18127721
TI  - Alveolectomy.

PMID- 18127723
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127722
TI  - Hyperplastic illeo-cecal tuberculosis with involvement of regional lymph nodes.

PMID- 18127724
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127726
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127727
TI  - Rheumatic heart disease in seventh and eighth grade Connecticut school children;
      a study in differential prevalence.

PMID- 18127728
TI  - Loss of consciousness and convulsions in middle-aged patients.

PMID- 18127729
TI  - Treatment and management of congestive heart failure.

PMID- 18127730
TI  - The licensing of foreign medical graduates in the United States.

PMID- 18127731
TI  - History taking.

PMID- 18127732
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127733
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127734
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127735
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127736
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127737
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127738
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127741
TI  - Vagotomy.

PMID- 18127742
TI  - Environmental variations in the Arneth count.

PMID- 18127743
TI  - Three cases of cancer of the stomach cured by resection.

PMID- 18127744
TI  - Essential hypertension; laboratory studies in human beings with drugs recently
      introduced.

PMID- 18127745
TI  - Personality factors in arterial hypertension.

PMID- 18127747
TI  - Rupture of the intervertebral disk; a short history of this evolution as a
      syndrome of importance to the surgeon.

PMID- 18127746
TI  - Location of brain tumors by means of radioactive phosphorus.

PMID- 18127748
TI  - Combined (one stage) splenectomy and portacaval shunts in portal hypertension;
      with observations on venous shunts in the postsplenectomy patient with recurring
      hemorrhage.

PMID- 18127749
TI  - Rehabilitation.

PMID- 18127750
TI  - Intussusception in adults; a report of four cases.

PMID- 18127751
TI  - Obstetrical hemorrhage.

PMID- 18127752
TI  - Tetraethyl ammonium chloride and its use in the peripheral vascular diseases.

PMID- 18127753
TI  - Complications in treatment of incarcerated hernia with vasodilatant drug; case
      report.

PMID- 18127754
TI  - Management of omphalocele, or exomphalos; report of a case.

PMID- 18127755
TI  - Pioneer medicine in Indiana.

PMID- 18127756
TI  - The determination of prognosis.

PMID- 18127757
TI  - Psychiatry and intuition; a consideration of morbid apprehension as a factor in
      prognosis.

PMID- 18127758
TI  - Extrasensory perception and prognosis.

PMID- 18127759
TI  - Spontaneous hypoglycemia; its diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.

PMID- 18127761
TI  - The prognosis in bronchiectasis.

PMID- 18127760
TI  - Prognosis of allergic conditions.

PMID- 18127762
TI  - Gout; a review of diagnosis, management and prognosis.

PMID- 18127763
TI  - Functional murmurs.

PMID- 18127764
TI  - Significance of hoarseness.

PMID- 18127765
TI  - The uptake of radioactive phosphorus by malignant brain tumors.

PMID- 18127766
TI  - Tissue responses to physical forces; the response of connective tissue to
      piezoelectrically active crystals.

PMID- 18127767
TI  - Tissue responses to physical forces; the ability of galvanic current flow to
      stimulate fibrogenesis.

PMID- 18127768
TI  - Quantitative spectrographic analysis of blood and tissue fluids.

PMID- 18127769
TI  - The use of the emission spectrograph for the quantitative determination of Na, K.
      Ca, Mg, and Fe in Plasma and urine.

PMID- 18127770
TI  - Antithrombin and heparin in human blood.

PMID- 18127771
TI  - Bone marrow studies in the polycythemia of high altitudes.

PMID- 18127772
TI  - Plasma tocopherol levels in various pathologic conditions.

PMID- 18127773
TI  - Effects of pantothenic acid deficiency on the mandibular joints and periodontal
      structures of mice.

PMID- 18127774
TI  - [Oral hygiene].

PMID- 18127775
TI  - [Technical requirements of the bridges around furniture].

PMID- 18127776
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127777
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127778
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127779
TI  - The colloidal red test as an index of liver dysfunction.

PMID- 18127781
TI  - Estimation of the portal circulation time in man.

PMID- 18127780
TI  - The influence of dibenamine upon circulatory reactions to ephedrine and
      neosynephrine in normal man.

PMID- 18127782
TI  - Deuterium oxide and thiocyanate spaces in protein depletion.

PMID- 18127783
TI  - Parenteral nutrition; the vasodepressor activity of soybean phosphatide
      preparations.

PMID- 18127784
TI  - Parenteral nutrition; fat emulsions for intravenous nutrition in man.

PMID- 18127785
TI  - The determination of true glucose in blood by reduction of ferricyanide; the
      production of a linear, reproducible color without the use of a stabilizing agent
      in macro- and microtechniques suitable for visual and photoelectric colorimetry.

PMID- 18127786
TI  - Simple test for the approximate estimation of blood creatinine and glucose in one
      procedure.

PMID- 18127787
TI  - A quantitative spinal fluid glucose micromethod for the pediatric ward
      laboratory.

PMID- 18127788
TI  - Acid phosphatase test for identification of seminal stains.

PMID- 18127789
TI  - Psychiatry in general medical practice.

PMID- 18127790
TI  - Role of the clinician in modern dermatology.

PMID- 18127791
TI  - Right extraperitoneal femoral hernia of the urinary tract; report of a case.

PMID- 18127792
TI  - Scout film of the abdomen in appendicitis.

PMID- 18127793
TI  - Dietary habits of a group of severe preeclamptics in Alabama.

PMID- 18127794
TI  - Modern management of prenatal syphilis and prevention of congenital syphilis.

PMID- 18127795
TI  - The radiology of rheumatic heart disease.

PMID- 18127796
TI  - Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in pregnancy.

PMID- 18127797
TI  - Fatal human case of canicola fever.

PMID- 18127798
TI  - Surgery in Parkinson's disease; division of lateral pyramidal tract for tremor;
      report on 48 operations.

PMID- 18127799
TI  - Para-amino-salicylic acid in pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18127800
TI  - Speech therapy.

PMID- 18127801
TI  - A rural outbreak of scarlet fever due to a non-notifiable carrier.

PMID- 18127802
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127803
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127805
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127804
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127806
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127807
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127808
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127809
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127810
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127811
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127812
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127813
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127815
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127814
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127816
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127817
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127818
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127819
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127820
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127821
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127822
TI  - [Introduction to the pathology of cerebrovascular disease].

PMID- 18127823
TI  - [The purpose of 19 prefrontal lobotomies].

PMID- 18127824
TI  - Primary atypical pneumonia; a report on 14 cases observed at the Royal Adelaide
      Hospital.

PMID- 18127825
TI  - A preliminary survey of the incidence of fibrinogen B in normal and diseased
      states.

PMID- 18127826
TI  - A case of acute haemorrhagic leucoencephalitis (Hurst) following atypical
      pneumonia, with a description of cultural and virus studies.

PMID- 18127827
TI  - An unusual dislocation.

PMID- 18127828
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127829
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127831
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127830
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127832
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127833
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127834
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127835
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127836
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127837
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127838
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127839
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127840
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127841
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127842
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127843
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127844
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127845
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127846
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127847
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127848
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127849
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127850
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127851
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127852
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127853
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127854
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127855
TI  - Proposals for the extension of medical care.

PMID- 18127856
TI  - Skeletal traction in the treatment of traumatic anterior thoracic instability.

PMID- 18127858
TI  - Factors in the diagnosis of squint.

PMID- 18127857
TI  - Detection of early cancer of the cervix uteri by the Papanicolaou method; an
      analysis of 1,000 consecutive cases.

PMID- 18127859
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127860
TI  - Treatment and prophylaxis of pulmonary embolism by vein interruption.

PMID- 18127861
TI  - Obstetrics in the Winchester Hospital, 1928-1947.

PMID- 18127862
TI  - Abdominal surgery.

PMID- 18127863
TI  - Oat-cell carcinoma of left main bronchus, with metastases to brain, liver,
      adrenal gland and lymph nodes.

PMID- 18127864
TI  - Adeno-carcinoma, left-upper-lobe bronchus.

PMID- 18127865
TI  - Histamine iontophoresis in the therapy of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 18127866
TI  - Friedlander bacillus pneumonia treated with streptomycin.

PMID- 18127867
TI  - Spa therapy in diseases of the skin.

PMID- 18127868
TI  - The clinical import of blood cholinesterase determinations in cholinergic
      episodes and states in the human.

PMID- 18127869
TI  - Elusive mental cases; indecision.

PMID- 18127870
TI  - The role of bronchoscopy in the preoperative diagnosis of carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 18127871
TI  - Treatment of menopause by estradiol pellet implantation.

PMID- 18127872
TI  - Treatment of itching dermatoses with an ointment containing 2% diphenhydramine
      (benadryl hydrochloride).

PMID- 18127873
TI  - Dissecting aortic aneurysms.

PMID- 18127874
TI  - The toxicity of sodium fluoride in man.

PMID- 18127875
TI  - Platelet response to vitamin B complex in the newborn period.

PMID- 18127876
TI  - Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts.

PMID- 18127878
TI  - Myocardial infarction in a 25 year-old male.

PMID- 18127877
TI  - Afibrinogenemia occurring in a case of malignancy of the prostate with bone
      metastases.

PMID- 18127879
TI  - Giant cell tumor of the patella encountered during treatment for patellar
      fracture.

PMID- 18127880
TI  - Subacute bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 18127881
TI  - [Biologically active iron compounds].

PMID- 18127882
TI  - [Non-haematogenous osteitis pubis].

PMID- 18127883
TI  - [Tissue reaction (foreign-body reaction) to mucus and urine].

PMID- 18127884
TI  - [Leiomyosarcoma of the stomach and the small intestine].

PMID- 18127885
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127886
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127887
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127888
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127889
TI  - [Heart disease and pregnancy].

PMID- 18127890
TI  - [Spinal anaesthesia in gynaecology and obstetrics].

PMID- 18127891
TI  - [Pethidine in labour].

PMID- 18127892
TI  - [Glycresin as muscle relaxant in combined anaesthesia].

PMID- 18127893
TI  - [Examination of the spinal fluid in feebleminded].

PMID- 18127894
TI  - [Treatment of cystic ovaries with stilbestrol].

PMID- 18127895
TI  - [Nailing-treatment of pertrochanteric fractures].

PMID- 18127896
TI  - [Post-operative course of collum nail].

PMID- 18127897
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127898
TI  - Cases illustrating some causes for failure in the management of patients with
      allergy.

PMID- 18127899
TI  - The use of histamine in Bell's palsy.

PMID- 18127900
TI  - Acute dermatitis and pneumonitis in beryllium workers; review of 406 cases in 8
      year period with follow-up on recoveries.

PMID- 18127901
TI  - Trichinosis; a preventable disease.

PMID- 18127902
TI  - Ionizing radiations.

PMID- 18127903
TI  - The progress of anesthesiology in Ohio.

PMID- 18127904
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127905
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127906
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127907
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127908
TI  - Liver damage of metabolic origin.

PMID- 18127909
TI  - Discussion on the prevention of accidents.

PMID- 18127910
TI  - Discussion on Hirschsprung's disease.

PMID- 18127911
TI  - The place of the experimental method in medicine.

PMID- 18127912
TI  - Discussion on chronic diarrhoea, excluding tropical causes.

PMID- 18127913
TI  - Discussion on the place of artificial pneumothorax in the treatment of pulmonary
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 18127914
TI  - Dental caries in Norwegian children during and after the last World War; a
      preliminary report.
AB  - A preliminary report is submitted on the occurrence of dental caries in Norwegian
      children, during and after the World War.Dental examinations of 8,000 to 9,000
      school children from different parts of Norway have been carried out each year
      from 1940 to 1948. It is concluded from the statistical results of the
      investigation that the caries frequency decreased steadily from year to year
      during the war. The reduction in the number of carious tooth surfaces per child
      from the beginning of the war to the lowest number some time after the war ended
      amounts to 50 to 75%.A study has also been undertaken on 600 to 700 children,
      2(1/2) to 7 years old. The results in this younger group show even a greater
      reduction.In both groups the decrease is statistically significant.From 1946 the
      caries frequency has increased again in the school children as well as in the pre
      school children. In both groups the increase is statistically significant.The
      turn of the caries curve after the war differs according to the age-group.The
      cause of the decrease in caries frequency during the war and the cause of the
      increase after the war is discussed. Based on the rationing of the various food
      articles our tentative conclusion is that the decrease may be attributed to the
      lowering in consumption of refined carbohydrates and the increase in consumption
      of more natural foods, i.e. protective foods. This may have resulted in an
      increased resistance of the teeth and a reduction in the local factors which
      produce decay.More detailed studies of the change in caries frequency as well as
      of the change in food consumption and habit of living during and after the war
      are necessary before a definite conclusion can be drawn. Such studies are being
      continued.

PMID- 18127915
TI  - Addison's disease.

PMID- 18127916
TI  - Simmonds' disease following haematemesis; gastric ulcer.

PMID- 18127917
TI  - Post-traumatic pan-hypopituitarism.

PMID- 18127918
TI  - The use of adrenocorticotrophin in testing for adrenal insufficiency.

PMID- 18127919
TI  - Engelmann's disease.

PMID- 18127920
TI  - Fractured lunate bone replaced by plastic cast.

PMID- 18127921
TI  - Rupture of tuberculous paravertebral abscess into pleural cavity.

PMID- 18127922
TI  - Osteochondritis right talus.

PMID- 18127923
TI  - Elephantiasis nervorum.

PMID- 18127924
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127925
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127926
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127927
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127928
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127929
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127930
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127931
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127932
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127933
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127934
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127935
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127936
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127937
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127938
TI  - Gaza [illust].

PMID- 18127939
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127940
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127941
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127942
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127943
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127944
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127946
TI  - [Prolapse of the remnant uterine cervix; transvaginal surgical technique].

PMID- 18127945
TI  - [Contribution to the radiological diagnosis of herniated nucleus pulposus].

PMID- 18127947
TI  - [Differential diagnosis between the eclamptic seizures and convulsions produced
      by arsenical encephalopathy in pregnant women].

PMID- 18127948
TI  - [What is a man psychically normal?].

PMID- 18127949
TI  - [Comparative anatomy of testicular localiza2cao: testaculos animals with intra
      abdominal (testiconda) testaculos animals with extra-abdominal (temporary and
      permanent) cryptorchidism in animals].

PMID- 18127950
TI  - [Interpretation of test sediment duodenal juices].

PMID- 18127951
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127952
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127954
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127953
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127955
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127956
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127957
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127958
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127959
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127961
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127960
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127962
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127963
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127964
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127965
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127966
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127967
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127968
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127969
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127970
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127971
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127972
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127973
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127974
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127975
TI  - A case of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption (systemic herpes simplex) with
      dendritic ulceration of the cornea.

PMID- 18127976
TI  - A simple method of staining urinary sediment; preliminary report.

PMID- 18127977
TI  - Improved technique for flotation of tissue sections.

PMID- 18127978
TI  - The nocturnal gastric secretion in patients with gastric carcinoma; a comparison
      with normal individuals and patients with duodenal ulcer and with gastric ulcer.

PMID- 18127979
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18127980
TI  - Anthracosilicosis and its symptomatic treatment.

PMID- 18127981
TI  - The approach to the X-ray film.

PMID- 18127982
TI  - Pathologic conscious states.

PMID- 18127983
TI  - Some clinical expressions of sarcoidosis (Boeck).

PMID- 18127984
TI  - Primary hyperparathyroidism with parathyroid adenoma; report of a case.

PMID- 18127985
TI  - Research progress on the common cold.

PMID- 18127986
TI  - Etiology of congenital malformations.

PMID- 18127987
TI  - Recommended terms and definitions for cells of the erythrocytic series.

PMID- 18127988
TI  - An experimental study on the influence of different vehicles on the generalized
      and topical effect of penicillin G.

PMID- 18127989
TI  - Status of the field factor in biology.

PMID- 18127990
TI  - Gross efficiency of growth of the rat as a simple mathematical function of time.

PMID- 18127991
TI  - Digitoxin; a critical review.

PMID- 18127992
TI  - Elevated environmental temperature; its possible influence on the action of
      spreading factor.

PMID- 18127993
TI  - The establishment of a child guidance clinic in an Army general hospital.

PMID- 18127994
TI  - Medical public speaking.

PMID- 18127995
TI  - Tropical eosinophilia.

PMID- 18127996
TI  - Differential diagnostic problems with bronchogenic carcinoma.

PMID- 18127997
TI  - Infected pilonidal cysts and sinuses.

PMID- 18127998
TI  - Aeromedical aspects of jet propelled aircraft.

PMID- 18127999
TI  - Congenital eventration in a premature infant.

PMID- 18128000
TI  - RECOMMENDED invalidings for a selected group.

PMID- 18128001
TI  - HODGKIN'S DISEASE.

PMID- 18128002
TI  - Treatment of shock and soft tissue wounds.

PMID- 18128003
TI  - Abdominal trauma.

PMID- 18128005
TI  - Factors in hospital staff planning; education and research.

PMID- 18128004
TI  - Routine care of decubitus ulcers in paraplegia.

PMID- 18128006
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128007
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128008
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128009
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128010
TI  - A psychophysical interpretation of instinct action.

PMID- 18128011
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128012
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128013
TI  - Evaluation of progress in established physicochemical treatments in
      neuropsychiatry; the use of insulin in mental illness.

PMID- 18128015
TI  - Grief reactions and their treatment.

PMID- 18128014
TI  - Electroencephalography in the diagnosis of hearing loss in the very young child.

PMID- 18128016
TI  - Studies of depression, repression and inhibition.

PMID- 18128017
TI  - Neurotic patterns of competition.

PMID- 18128018
TI  - Intrathecal alcohol in the treatment of spastic paraplegia.

PMID- 18128019
TI  - Unilateral hydrocephalus resulting from occlusion of foramen of Monro;
      complication of radical removal of brain abscess.

PMID- 18128020
TI  - Further studies on the treatment of experimental hydrocephalus; attempts to drain
      the cerebrospinal fluid into the pleural cavity and the thoracic duct.

PMID- 18128021
TI  - Intracranial aneurysms; some clinical observations concerning their development.

PMID- 18128022
TI  - The role of complete cerebral angiography in neurosurgery.

PMID- 18128023
TI  - A new operation for the treatment of communicating hydrocephalus; report of a
      case secondary to generalized meningitis.

PMID- 18128024
TI  - Spinal extradural cyst.

PMID- 18128025
TI  - Spinal extradural cyst; case report and tabulation of previously reported cases.

PMID- 18128026
TI  - Actinomycotic brain abscess; complete excision with recovery.

PMID- 18128027
TI  - Extradural spinal cyst; a case report.

PMID- 18128028
TI  - Varieties of psychotherapeutic competence.

PMID- 18128029
TI  - Neurotic sleep disturbances in children.

PMID- 18128030
TI  - Sleep disorders in institutionalized disturbed children and delinquent boys.

PMID- 18128031
TI  - The relation of epilepsy to pathologic sleep.

PMID- 18128032
TI  - Mental hygiene of sleep in children.

PMID- 18128033
TI  - The school child.

PMID- 18128035
TI  - Chronic lumbo-sacral pain in women.

PMID- 18128034
TI  - UNANIMOUS second reading of the Nurses Bill.

PMID- 18128036
TI  - The energy expenditure of boys and girls 9 to 11 years of age, sitting listening
      to the radio, sitting singing, and standing singing.

PMID- 18128037
TI  - Pteroylglutamic acid and reproduction in the rat.

PMID- 18128038
TI  - The effects of thiouracil on metabolism.

PMID- 18128039
TI  - Simultaneous surveys of food consumption in various camps in the United States
      Army.

PMID- 18128040
TI  - The production of biotin deficiency in the mouse.

PMID- 18128041
TI  - The wrist stiffness syndrome in guinea pigs.

PMID- 18128042
TI  - Ovulation, fertilization, and transport of ova in old, vitamin E deficient rats.

PMID- 18128043
TI  - Persistence and hyperplasia of primary vitreous; retrolental fibroplasia; two
      entities.

PMID- 18128044
TI  - Histopathologic aspects of retrolental fibroplasia.

PMID- 18128045
TI  - Divergence insufficiency as a practical problem.

PMID- 18128046
TI  - Production of cataract in rats by beta-tetralol and other derivatives of
      naphthalene.

PMID- 18128047
TI  - Use of antihistaminic drugs in control of atropine dermatitis and conjunctivitis.

PMID- 18128048
TI  - Voluntary dissociation of the accommodation and the convergence faculty; two
      observations.

PMID- 18128049
TI  - A surgical approach to the inferior oblique muscle.

PMID- 18128051
TI  - Treatment of pediculosis ciliaris with anticholinesterase agents; report of a
      case.

PMID- 18128050
TI  - Studies of the eye with radiosodium autographs.

PMID- 18128052
TI  - Intravitreal use of streptomycin.

PMID- 18128053
TI  - Death from eye disease and occurrences of death in ophthalmological practice.

PMID- 18128054
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128055
TI  - On ocular symptoms in arterial hypertension.

PMID- 18128056
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128057
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128058
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128059
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128061
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128060
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128062
TI  - Antibiotics in the treatment of diseases of the ear, nose and throat.

PMID- 18128063
TI  - Diagnosis of malignancy of the nasopharynx; cytological studies by the smear
      technic.

PMID- 18128064
TI  - The relation between hearing loss for specific frequencies and the distance at
      which speech can be identified.

PMID- 18128065
TI  - Tantalum in rhinoplastic surgery.

PMID- 18128066
TI  - Anesthesia in fenestration surgery.

PMID- 18128067
TI  - Chondroma and chondrosarcoma of the larynx.

PMID- 18128068
TI  - Some physical problems in conduction deafness.

PMID- 18128069
TI  - Amyloid tumors of the larynx, trachea or bronchi; a report of 15 cases.

PMID- 18128070
TI  - Cancellous bone grafts in nasal repair.

PMID- 18128071
TI  - Angiosarcoma; a review of the literature.

PMID- 18128072
TI  - Carcinoma of the antrum; report of nine cases with a 10-year survey of
      literature.

PMID- 18128073
TI  - Penicillin aerosol therapy in sinusitis.

PMID- 18128074
TI  - Nasoalveolar cysts.

PMID- 18128075
TI  - Neurinoma of the facial nerve in the parotid gland.

PMID- 18128076
TI  - Congenital posterior choanal occlusion.

PMID- 18128077
TI  - Factors causing delay in the diagnosis of lymphoblastoma.

PMID- 18128078
TI  - Histoplasmosis of the larynx.

PMID- 18128079
TI  - Nontraumatic aneurysm of the first portion of the right vertebral artery
      associated with vocal cord paralysis.

PMID- 18128080
TI  - Location and removal of broken needle in tonsillar fossa.

PMID- 18128081
TI  - Otitic hydrocephalus.

PMID- 18128082
TI  - Foreign body (twig) in the nose.

PMID- 18128083
TI  - A new self-retaining retractor for use in endaural surgery.

PMID- 18128084
TI  - Food allergy as a cause of myalgia of the posterior cervical muscles.

PMID- 18128085
TI  - The superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves; clinical considerations.

PMID- 18128086
TI  - Methods of audiometry in a modern deafness clinic.

PMID- 18128088
TI  - The turning test with small regulable stimuli; is Ewald's law valid in men?

PMID- 18128087
TI  - A clinical survey into the effects of turbo-jet engine noise on service
      personnel.

PMID- 18128089
TI  - The turning test with small regulable stimuli; deviations in the cupulogram;
      preliminary note on the pathology of cupulometry.

PMID- 18128090
TI  - An unusual case of Meniere's disease.

PMID- 18128091
TI  - Rift Valley fever; the neurotropic adaptation of the virus and the experimental
      use of this modified virus as a vaccine.

PMID- 18128092
TI  - Hyperplasia of the parathyroids associated with osteitis fibrosa in rats treated
      with thiouracil and related compounds.

PMID- 18128093
TI  - Thyrotropic hormone in thyrotoxicosis, malignant exophthalmos and myxoedema.

PMID- 18128094
TI  - The effect of acridine compounds on mitosis and oxygen consumption in the
      isolated brain of the embryonic chick.

PMID- 18128095
TI  - Rift Valley fever; transmission of the virus by mosquitoes.

PMID- 18128096
TI  - The effect of heat upon diphtheria toxoid-antitoxin floccules.

PMID- 18128097
TI  - The Lewis blood groups of 79 families.

PMID- 18128098
TI  - Vitamin B12 therapy in megaloblastic anemia of infancy.

PMID- 18128099
TI  - Glycogen disease of the liver; with report of a case.

PMID- 18128100
TI  - The influence of acute infection upon the course of allergy in children; some
      clinical observations.

PMID- 18128101
TI  - Hyaluronidase in pediatrics.

PMID- 18128102
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128103
TI  - Studies on antibiotics in the cerebrospinal fluid; the inhibitory effect of
      normal cerebrospinal fluid on the antibacterial action of streptomycin.

PMID- 18128104
TI  - Congenital sarcoma.

PMID- 18128105
TI  - Cirrhosis of the liver in children; a clinical and pathologic study of 40 cases.

PMID- 18128106
TI  - Thephorin; clinical results in allergic children.

PMID- 18128107
TI  - Congenital cystic disease of lung in infancy; report of a case with necropsy
      findings.

PMID- 18128108
TI  - Tetanus of the newborn infant; report of a case with recovery.

PMID- 18128109
TI  - A case of hemolytic anemia in a premature infant.

PMID- 18128110
TI  - Chronic pyuria (congenital defect) presacral sympathectomy.

PMID- 18128111
TI  - Cortical carcinoma of the adrenal gland.

PMID- 18128112
TI  - The home care of the premature infant.

PMID- 18128113
TI  - Trend of infant mortality and measures for further reduction.

PMID- 18128114
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128115
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128116
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128117
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128118
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128119
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128120
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128121
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128122
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128123
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128124
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128125
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128126
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128128
TI  - Official standards for containers for injection.

PMID- 18128127
TI  - Chemical durability of glass and glass containers.

PMID- 18128129
TI  - Glass durability tests; effect of shape and size of containers for injections.

PMID- 18128130
TI  - Proposed method for the measurement of pH with the glass electrode.

PMID- 18128131
TI  - Notes on levigating agents and incorporation procedures for compounding
      ointments.

PMID- 18128132
TI  - Trends in pharmacology.

PMID- 18128133
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128134
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128135
TI  - Phosphatase in dogs following bile obstruction and removal of the small
      intestine.

PMID- 18128136
TI  - Serum and bile phosphatase in biliary fistula dogs.

PMID- 18128137
TI  - Serum phosphatase after nephrectomy and bile obstruction in dogs.

PMID- 18128138
TI  - Effect on blood pressure of enzymatic casein digest.

PMID- 18128139
TI  - Phosphorylation and adenine nucleotide uptake of actomyosin and actin-free
      myosin.

PMID- 18128140
TI  - The effect of DFP on respiration, blood pressure and muscular function in the
      rabbit.

PMID- 18128141
TI  - Effects of adrenaline and ergotamine on the oxygen consumption.

PMID- 18128142
TI  - The effect of adrenochrome on sympathetic nerve stimulation.

PMID- 18128143
TI  - New method for measuring the arterio-venous oxygen difference by means of
      photoelectrical colorimeter.

PMID- 18128144
TI  - A simplified method for the determination of circulating red-cell volume with
      radioactive phosphorus.

PMID- 18128145
TI  - The effects of glucose on the action of the rat diaphragm.

PMID- 18128146
TI  - The measurement of the temperature at the eardrum during the caloric test of the
      labyrinth.

PMID- 18128147
TI  - The effect of sodium ions on the electrical activity of giant axon of the squid.

PMID- 18128148
TI  - Intensity of discrimination of the central fovea measured with small fields.

PMID- 18128149
TI  - The effects of a vitaminosis and hypervitaminosis A upon the incisor teeth and
      incisal alveolar bone of rats.

PMID- 18128150
TI  - An apparatus for recording the output and coronary flow in the heart-lung
      preparation.

PMID- 18128151
TI  - The relation between the motor and inhibitor actions of acetylcholine.

PMID- 18128152
TI  - An artificial circulation.

PMID- 18128153
TI  - A method of measuring biological outflows using a simple siphon and electronic
      recording.

PMID- 18128154
TI  - Double action of acetylcholine on cardiac and vascular tissue.

PMID- 18128155
TI  - Relationship between force and speed in the human muscle.

PMID- 18128156
TI  - Effect of increasing plasma levels on tubular excretion of diodone.

PMID- 18128157
TI  - Some actions of calcium and potassium in the rat diaphragm.

PMID- 18128158
TI  - The inhibitory effect of fluoroacetate and the tricarboxylic cycle.

PMID- 18128159
TI  - Some features of the response of the heart rate to exercise in patients with
      auricular fibrillation.

PMID- 18128160
TI  - Effect of surface-active substances on the liberation of enzymes from rabbit
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

PMID- 18128161
TI  - 1-Adrenaline and 1-noradrenaline.

PMID- 18128162
TI  - Production of ulcerative colitis in dogs by the prolonged administration of
      mecholyl.

PMID- 18128163
TI  - The antidiuretic hormone in the urine in experimental and clinical hypertension.

PMID- 18128164
TI  - Broncho-constriction in isolated perfused dog lungs in response to inhalation of
      ammonia.

PMID- 18128165
TI  - Coronary vein catheterization in man.

PMID- 18128166
TI  - Changes in the liver during pregnancy and lactation.

PMID- 18128167
TI  - Elastic properties of normal and rachitic rat femora.

PMID- 18128168
TI  - Histamine test for gastric secretory function in cats.

PMID- 18128169
TI  - An oxygenator for use with closed circuit for measurement of oxygen consumption.

PMID- 18128170
TI  - Haemolysis with paludrine and its acceleration in the haemocytometer chamber.

PMID- 18128171
TI  - The role of carbon dioxide in the secretion of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions.

PMID- 18128172
TI  - Pathways of afferent impulses from the chemoceptors of the aortic body in the
      cat.

PMID- 18128173
TI  - A method for the explanation of the right kidney in the dog.

PMID- 18128174
TI  - Arrangement for obtaining X-ray diffraction patterns of irrigated mammalian
      tissues at controlled temperatures.

PMID- 18128175
TI  - Cytological changes in the columnar epithelial cells of the rat's small intestine
      during fat absorption.

PMID- 18128176
TI  - The induction of the deficiency pattern in intestinal radiographs of normal human
      subjects.

PMID- 18128177
TI  - An instrument for accurate reading of an improved Meyerstein haematocrit tube.

PMID- 18128178
TI  - Blood flow in the circle of Willis.

PMID- 18128179
TI  - Problems of psychometric scatter analysis.

PMID- 18128180
TI  - Historical beginnings of child psychology.

PMID- 18128181
TI  - The appraisal of child personality.

PMID- 18128182
TI  - There is more than one kind of learning.

PMID- 18128183
TI  - Superstitious behavior in animals.

PMID- 18128184
TI  - Administrative practice.

PMID- 18128185
TI  - Professional education.

PMID- 18128186
TI  - The control of typhoid carriers.

PMID- 18128187
TI  - Standard methods for the examination of dairy products.

PMID- 18128188
TI  - Public health significance, distribution and control of air-borne pollens.

PMID- 18128189
TI  - Municipal public health engineering.

PMID- 18128190
TI  - Rural sanitation.

PMID- 18128191
TI  - Water supply.

PMID- 18128192
TI  - Camps and camping.

PMID- 18128193
TI  - The virus of poliomyelitis; its distribution and methods of spread.

PMID- 18128195
TI  - Poliomyelitis; epidemiology and preventive measures.

PMID- 18128194
TI  - Poliomyelitis in Johannesburg.

PMID- 18128196
TI  - Public health developments in South Africa.

PMID- 18128197
TI  - Malnutrition in South Africa.

PMID- 18128198
TI  - Field control of a municipal milk supply.

PMID- 18128199
TI  - The problems connected with houseboats as these concern a seaside resort.

PMID- 18128200
TI  - The purification and control of swimming bath water.

PMID- 18128201
TI  - The present housing problem; is new legislation necessary?

PMID- 18128202
TI  - Occupational health; its place within the framework of a public health
      department.

PMID- 18128204
TI  - Doctorate theses reported by graduate departments of health, physical education
      and recreation, 1930-1946, inclusively.

PMID- 18128203
TI  - Q fever studies in Southern California; effects of pasteurization on survival of
      C. burneti in naturally infected milk.

PMID- 18128205
TI  - Study of a series of physical education tests by factor analysis.

PMID- 18128206
TI  - Medical research in physical education in South Africa.

PMID- 18128207
TI  - Simulanten.

PMID- 18128208
TI  - Testosterone propionate in the treatment of breast cancer.

PMID- 18128209
TI  - The relation of the cardiac volume to the weight and surface area of the body,
      the blood volume and the physical capacity for work.

PMID- 18128210
TI  - The condition of the cardiac volume during pregnancy.

PMID- 18128211
TI  - The roentgen examination of the larynx of children suffering from false croup.

PMID- 18128212
TI  - Hidrosadenitis axillaris and its roentgen treatment; optimum total dose and
      intenseness.

PMID- 18128213
TI  - On the roentgen aspect of prostatic atrophy.

PMID- 18128214
TI  - An arteriographic demonstration of collaterals between internal and external
      carotid arteries.

PMID- 18128215
TI  - Some aspects on the technique of encephalography.

PMID- 18128216
TI  - The vascularisation of the human stomach; a preliminary note on the shunting
      effect of trauma.

PMID- 18128217
TI  - The diagnosis of chronic subdural haematoma in children and adolescents.

PMID- 18128218
TI  - An aluminium filter for use in localisation of the placental site.

PMID- 18128219
TI  - Cysticerocosis; discussion and presentation of a case.

PMID- 18128220
TI  - The influence of tumour histology, duration of symptoms and age of patient on the
      radiocurability of cervix tumours.

PMID- 18128221
TI  - The integral dose received from a uniformly distributed radioactive isotope.

PMID- 18128222
TI  - Some experiments with a 14 Mev. betasynchrotron.

PMID- 18128223
TI  - A method of estimating the time at which a counting rate changes, using a Geiger
      Muller counter.

PMID- 18128224
TI  - The value of streptomycin in the treatment of tuberculosis.

PMID- 18128225
TI  - Surgical treatment of emphysematous blebs and bullae.

PMID- 18128226
TI  - Tetralogy of Fallot; surgical treatment.

PMID- 18128227
TI  - The importance of various mechanical and circulatory postoperative pulmonary
      complications.

PMID- 18128228
TI  - Abstract of replies to a questionnaire on intrapleural artificial pneumothorax.

PMID- 18128229
TI  - Treatment of aortic aneurysms by wrapping with foreign body.

PMID- 18128230
TI  - Nutrition in far advanced tuberculosis; a preliminary study.

PMID- 18128231
TI  - Cervical vagus; sympathetic block in pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 18128232
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128233
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128234
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128235
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128237
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128236
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128238
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128239
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128240
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128241
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128242
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128243
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128244
TI  - Spinal injuries; their recognition and management.

PMID- 18128245
TI  - Extraperitoneal cesarean section; supravesical and paravesical approach; report
      on 22 consecutive cases.

PMID- 18128246
TI  - Gallbladder disease among Filipinos with a report on ascariasis of the biliary
      tract.

PMID- 18128247
TI  - Subcutaneous injuries of the abdominal viscera.

PMID- 18128248
TI  - Factors influencing selection of operation for carcinoma of the lower portion of
      colon and the rectum.

PMID- 18128249
TI  - Tumors of the neck.

PMID- 18128250
TI  - Plastic procedures for the general surgeon.

PMID- 18128251
TI  - Cancer of the cervix as seen in a rural community.

PMID- 18128252
TI  - Management of cranial cerebral injuries.

PMID- 18128253
TI  - Incorrect knot-tying, cause for broken sutures.

PMID- 18128254
TI  - Progressive resistance exercises in cup arthroplasties of the hip.

PMID- 18128255
TI  - Potassium in denervated, treated and nontreated muscle.

PMID- 18128256
TI  - Instrumentation in relation to electromyography; a discussion of instrumentation
      requirements for high fidelity electromyographic recording using skin electrodes.

PMID- 18128257
TI  - Some implications of atomic energy in physical medicine.

PMID- 18128258
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128259
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128260
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128261
TI  - The treatment of amoebic liver abscess with chloroquine.

PMID- 18128262
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128263
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128264
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128265
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128267
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128266
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128268
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128269
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128270
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128271
TI  - Stimulating venereal disease morbidity reporting by private physicians; follow-up
      of positive serologic test reports.

PMID- 18128272
TI  - Syphilis contact investigation in a rural county in Mississippi.

PMID- 18128273
TI  - A stable control serum for standardizing the sensitivity of tests used in the
      diagnosis and control of syphilis.

PMID- 18128274
TI  - An outbreak of pseudomonas infection in poults.

PMID- 18128275
TI  - Encephalomyelitis in possible allergic etiology in mice injected with rabies
      vaccine.

PMID- 18128276
TI  - Initial observations on the incidence of Johne's disease in Barbados, B.W.I.

PMID- 18128277
TI  - Rumenotomy for the removal of placental membranes.

PMID- 18128278
TI  - The penicillin concentration in milk following insertion of penicillin bougies
      into the bovine udder.

PMID- 18128279
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128280
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128281
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128283
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128282
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128284
TI  - Transplantation of pacinian bodies in the brain and thigh of the cat; an
      experimental study.

PMID- 18128285
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128286
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128287
TI  - Apparatus for measuring radioactivity in histological preparations.

PMID- 18128288
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128289
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128290
TI  - Effect of oenethyl on respiration and on blood pressure in anesthetized dogs.

PMID- 18128292
TI  - Anesthesia in dental surgery for the cardiac patient.

PMID- 18128291
TI  - Use of a new curarizing drug; dimethyl ether of d-tubocurarine iodide as an
      adjunct to anesthesia.

PMID- 18128293
TI  - Prolonged spinal analgesia with epinephrine, pontocaine and dextrose.

PMID- 18128295
TI  - Anesthesia for cancerous patients.

PMID- 18128294
TI  - Antagonism of pyruvic acid polymers to pentobarbital anesthesia.

PMID- 18128296
TI  - Xylocaine for conduction anesthesia.

PMID- 18128297
TI  - Respiratory arrest with cyanosis caused by intracranial injection of nupercaine.

PMID- 18128298
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128299
TI  - The responses of amblystoma larvae with the midbrain replaced by a supernumerary
      medulla.

PMID- 18128300
TI  - Production of the silvery smolt stage in rainbow trout by intramuscular injection
      of mammalian thyroid extract and thyrotropic hormone.

PMID- 18128301
TI  - Some physiological after-effects of X-radiation.

PMID- 18128302
TI  - Experiments on the hair slope and hair pattern in rats.

PMID- 18128303
TI  - Relation between ion action and osmotic pressure on a ciliated protozoan.

PMID- 18128304
TI  - The alkaline phosphatase of the developing grasshopper egg.

PMID- 18128305
TI  - [I. M. Sechenov's theory on the central summation of stimulation].

PMID- 18128306
TI  - [Regulation of the development of the breast].

PMID- 18128307
TI  - [Embryonal development of the autonomic nervous system in vertebrates].

PMID- 18128309
TI  - [Effects of pain stimulations].

PMID- 18128308
TI  - [Microorganisms as biological indicators for vitamins].

PMID- 18128310
TI  - [Alloxan diabetes].

PMID- 18128311
TI  - [Problems of the origin and evolution of freshwater fauna].

PMID- 18128312
TI  - [Thyroid gland and reaction to hormones].

PMID- 18128313
TI  - [Defensive ferments as repressors of cancerous tumors].

PMID- 18128314
TI  - [Problems of evolutive histology].

PMID- 18128315
TI  - The mortality from cancer of the skin and lip in certain occupations.

PMID- 18128316
TI  - The treatment of retinal glioma.

PMID- 18128317
TI  - Further observations on the protection effect in radiation chemistry.

PMID- 18128318
TI  - Urinary cholesterol in cancer; urinary cholesterol excretion in cancer patients
      and control subjects.

PMID- 18128319
TI  - Urinary cholesterol in cancer; chemical state of urinary cholesterol and methods
      of estimation.

PMID- 18128320
TI  - A qualitative study of urinary 17-ketosteroids in normal males and in men with
      prostatic disease.

PMID- 18128321
TI  - The cultivation of tumours in the fertile egg, with special reference to
      associated ectodermal lesions of the chorioallantoic membrane.

PMID- 18128322
TI  - Intranasal administration of mammary tumour milk factor.

PMID- 18128323
TI  - Inhibition of the carcinogenic properties of urethane by pentose nucleotides.

PMID- 18128324
TI  - The induction of mutations by a carcinogen.

PMID- 18128325
TI  - An experimental study of the initiating state of carcinogenesis, and a re
      examination of the somatic cell mutation theory of cancer.

PMID- 18128326
TI  - The induction of tumours with nitrogen mustards.

PMID- 18128327
TI  - Investigations on the serum proteins in rats during the development of hepatic
      tumours due to feeding p-dimethylaminoazobenzene.

PMID- 18128328
TI  - The effect of 1:2:5:6-dibenzanthracene on the ascorbic acid content of the liver
      of rats maintained on high and low protein diets.

PMID- 18128329
TI  - Experiments on the identification of 3:4-benzpyrene in domestic soot by means of
      the fluorescence spectrum.

PMID- 18128330
TI  - Light scattering as a measure of particle size in aerosols; the production of
      monodisperse aerosols.

PMID- 18128331
TI  - Nuclei in evaporation and condensation.

PMID- 18128332
TI  - The formation of ice crystals in the laboratory and the atmosphere.

PMID- 18128333
TI  - On the nature and size of particles in haze, fog, and stratus of the Los Angeles
      region.

PMID- 18128334
TI  - The laws of deposition and the effectiveness of insecticidal aerosols.

PMID- 18128335
TI  - The dispersion and deposition of aerosols.

PMID- 18128336
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128337
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128338
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128339
TI  - Electronic methods of counting aerosol particles.

PMID- 18128341
TI  - Report of Committee on Atomic Weights.

PMID- 18128340
TI  - The preparation and measurement of the concentration of dilute bacterial
      aerosols.

PMID- 18128342
TI  - The electrophoretic properties of plakalbumin.

PMID- 18128343
TI  - Stereoisomeric substituted 11-keto-20-hydroxypregnanes.

PMID- 18128344
TI  - Senecio alkaloids: alpha- and beta-longilobine from Senecio longilobus.

PMID- 18128345
TI  - The synthesis and microbiological properties of beta-3-thienylalanine, a new
      antiphenylalanine.

PMID- 18128346
TI  - Esters of nitrogen-substituted p-aminobenzoic acid.

PMID- 18128347
TI  - The separation of choline esterase, mucoprotein, and metal-combining protein into
      subfractions of human plasma.

PMID- 18128348
TI  - Preparation and properties of serum and plasma proteins; interactions with
      bilirubin.

PMID- 18128349
TI  - The photochemical iodine-sensitized cis-trans isomerization of dichloroethylene.

PMID- 18128351
TI  - The Gattermann-Koch reaction; the formylation of isopropylbenzene under pressure.

PMID- 18128350
TI  - Furan and tetrahydrofuran derivatives; the synthesis of the sulfonic acid analogs
      of oxybiotin and homooxybiotin.

PMID- 18128352
TI  - The analgesic activity of some benzoxazolone derivatives.

PMID- 18128353
TI  - Streptomycin; streptamine isomers form meso-inositol.

PMID- 18128354
TI  - The preparation of the six n-octynoic acids.

PMID- 18128355
TI  - Native aspen lignin.

PMID- 18128356
TI  - A family of long-acting depressors.

PMID- 18128357
TI  - Antihistaminics; some ethylene diamines and an aminoether.

PMID- 18128358
TI  - Raman frequencies of n-paraffin molecules.

PMID- 18128359
TI  - Sodium triisopropyl benzenesulfonate as a colloidal electrolyte.

PMID- 18128360
TI  - The distillation of mixtures containing diborane and the identification of two
      azeotropes.

PMID- 18128361
TI  - Ultraviolet absorption spectra of nicotine, nornicotine and some of their
      derivatives.

PMID- 18128362
TI  - Morphine studies; the synthesis of a tetralin-piperidine fused-ring system.

PMID- 18128363
TI  - Biophysical studies of blood plasma proteins; separation and properties of the
      immune globulins of the sera of hyperimmunized cows.

PMID- 18128364
TI  - Derived steroids; 5-androsten-17-ol-3-carboxylic acid.

PMID- 18128365
TI  - The structure of neoprene; determination of end-groups by means of radiosulfur.

PMID- 18128366
TI  - The synthesis of triazole analogs of histamine and related compounds.

PMID- 18128368
TI  - The liquidus curve for aluminum in mercury.

PMID- 18128367
TI  - Streptomyces antibiotics; configuration of streptose and streptobiosamine.

PMID- 18128369
TI  - The ultraviolet absorption spectra of some pyrimidines; chemical structure and
      the effect of pH on the position of lambda max.

PMID- 18128370
TI  - Aldehydo-D-galactose heptaacetate and aldehydo-D-xylose hexaacetate form
      acetolysis of guaran and xylan.

PMID- 18128372
TI  - Concerning the structure of D-glucosone.

PMID- 18128371
TI  - Sulfate esters as intermediates in the formation of 7-dehydrocholesterol and
      dicholesteryl ether.

PMID- 18128373
TI  - N-substituted 2,4:3,5-dimethylene-D-gluconamides.

PMID- 18128374
TI  - The structure of khellin.

PMID- 18128375
TI  - The configuration at the 20-position in certain steroids.

PMID- 18128376
TI  - Methylation of guar polysaccharide.

PMID- 18128377
TI  - The nucleotide composition of ribonucleic acids.

PMID- 18128378
TI  - Identification of crystalline vitamin B12a.

PMID- 18128379
TI  - Polarographic determination of the molecular weight of serum albumin by its
      effect on the diffusion current of methyl orange.

PMID- 18128380
TI  - Low temperature radiation pyrometry in industry.

PMID- 18128381
TI  - Out of focus diffraction patterns.

PMID- 18128382
TI  - The effect of finite aperture on the fringe intensity distribution of Fabry Perot
      interferometers.

PMID- 18128383
TI  - The color perceptions of deuteranopic and protanopic observers.

PMID- 18128384
TI  - Spectrographic analysis of high cobalt (vitallium) alloys.

PMID- 18128385
TI  - Optical and electrical alterations to a Michigan microphotometer.

PMID- 18128386
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128387
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128388
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128389
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128390
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128391
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128392
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128393
TI  - The effect of methylthiouracyl on food intake and selection.

PMID- 18128394
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128395
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128396
TI  - Twenty-five easy ways of keeping out of trouble in oral surgery.

PMID- 18128397
TI  - A bacteriological survey of dental impression materials.

PMID- 18128399
TI  - Glossodynia.

PMID- 18128398
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128400
TI  - Charcoal impregnation.

PMID- 18128401
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128402
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128403
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128404
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128405
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128406
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128407
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128408
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128409
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128410
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128412
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128411
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128413
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128414
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128415
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128416
TI  - Report of a recent medical journey through Europe.

PMID- 18128417
TI  - Recurrence of peptic ulcer in man as affected by treatment with an enterogastrone
      preparation.

PMID- 18128418
TI  - Gastric surgery; a review of the literature.

PMID- 18128419
TI  - The quantity and composition of human colonic flatus.

PMID- 18128420
TI  - Digestion and absorption after massive resection of the small intestine;
      utilization of food from a natural versus a synthetic diet and a comparison of
      intestinal absorption tests with nutritional balance studies in a patient with
      only 45 cm. of small intestine.

PMID- 18128421
TI  - A histophysiological study of the effect of intraarterial injection of
      acetylcholine upon the gastric mucosa of the dog.

PMID- 18128422
TI  - The three main components of the human gastric mucin; dissolved mucoproteose,
      dissolved mucoprotein, and mucoid of the gastric visible mucus; differentiation;
      some physical and chemical characteristics; classification.

PMID- 18128423
TI  - The three main components of the human gastric mucin; dissolved mucoproteose,
      dissolved mucoprotein, and mucoid of the gastric visible mucus; method for
      separation and quantitative determination of each mucous component of the gastric
      content.

PMID- 18128424
TI  - The three main components of the human gastric mucin; dissolved mucoproteose,
      dissolved mucoprotein, and mucoid of the gastric visible mucus; preliminary data
      on physiological and clinical significance of separate quantitative determination
      of the dissolved mucoproteose and dissolved mucoprotein in the gastric juice of
      man.

PMID- 18128425
TI  - Acute corrosive gastritis; observations on the gastric mucosa following ingestion
      of concentrated hydrochloric acid.

PMID- 18128426
TI  - Acute phlegmonous gastritis.

PMID- 18128427
TI  - Perforation of duodenal ulcer following vagus resection.

PMID- 18128428
TI  - Addison's disease and diabetes mellitus in three patients.

PMID- 18128429
TI  - Thyroid collection of radioactive iodide and serum protein-bound iodine
      concentration in senescence, in hypothyroidism and in hypopituitarism.

PMID- 18128430
TI  - Decreases in blood eosinophilic leukocytes after electrically induced convulsions
      in man.

PMID- 18128431
TI  - Thiocyanate goiter with myxedema; report of two cases.

PMID- 18128432
TI  - Adrenal cortical carcinoma in a male with excess gonadotropin in the urine.

PMID- 18128433
TI  - Gynecomastia in paraplegic males; report of seven cases.

PMID- 18128434
TI  - The use of bismuth salts in the treatment of sporadic goiters.

PMID- 18128435
TI  - HIGH altitude research.

PMID- 18128436
TI  - An accurate determination of the absorption/relative-humidity relationships of
      silica gel and alumina.

PMID- 18128437
TI  - The paper chromatography of inorganic anions.

PMID- 18128438
TI  - Dietetic hepatic lesions and protein deficiency.

PMID- 18128439
TI  - Some aspects of tuberculosis in India and measures for its control.

PMID- 18128440
TI  - The place of physiology amongst the modern sciences and the importance of its
      study to the nation.

PMID- 18128441
TI  - On the investigation of pi and mu mesons.

PMID- 18128442
TI  - Crude common salt as a fairly good source of dietary calcium in the case of South
      Indians.

PMID- 18128443
TI  - Commercial D. D. T. as an insecticide on sugarcane crop.

PMID- 18128444
TI  - An unrecorded insect pest of the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale, L.) in
      South India.

PMID- 18128446
TI  - Refractive temperature.

PMID- 18128447
TI  - The phase-contrast microscope with particular reference to vertical incident
      illumination.

PMID- 18128445
TI  - Effect of sodium sulfamerazine on Salmonella pullorum.

PMID- 18128448
TI  - The technique of cine-photo-micrography of living cells.

PMID- 18128449
TI  - The sudan black B technique in cytology.

PMID- 18128450
TI  - Comments regarding the McArthur inverted microscope.

PMID- 18128451
TI  - The measurement of radioactivity in solution.

PMID- 18128452
TI  - A visit to Laos, French Indochina.

PMID- 18128453
TI  - Seven new species of Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae).

PMID- 18128454
TI  - Combined chemical and biological control of insects by means of a systemic
      insecticide.

PMID- 18128455
TI  - Role of formaldehyde in the oxidation of ethylene.

PMID- 18128456
TI  - Extraction of pantothenic acid from natural materials.

PMID- 18128457
TI  - Use of L-thyroxine by mouth for stimulating milk secretion in lactating cows.

PMID- 18128458
TI  - Metabolism of the oestrogen triphenylbromoethylene.

PMID- 18128459
TI  - Mode of action of basic antibacterial substances.

PMID- 18128460
TI  - Colour vision of heterozygotes for sex-linked red-green defects.

PMID- 18128461
TI  - Trichinosis in Arctic animals.

PMID- 18128462
TI  - Spontaneous and induced triploidy in pre-implantation mouse eggs.

PMID- 18128463
TI  - Aedes (Stegomyia) pseudoafricanus sp. nov., a new species of Aedes from the coast
      of Nigeria, British West Africa.

PMID- 18128464
TI  - Overlapping of dust particles on a sampling plate.

PMID- 18128465
TI  - lambda-Mesons in air showers.

PMID- 18128466
TI  - A mountain centre of genetics in the Appennines.

PMID- 18128467
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128468
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128470
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128469
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128471
TI  - The influence of a gonadotrophin on the seasonal changes in the testis and
      deferent duct of the chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs).

PMID- 18128472
TI  - The structure of whale blubber, and a discussion of its thermal properties.

PMID- 18128473
TI  - Heliospora n.g. and Rotundula n.g., gragarines of Gammarus pulex.

PMID- 18128474
TI  - Studies on abnormal metosis induced in chick tissue cultures by mustard gas (beta
      beta'-dichlordiethyl sulphide).

PMID- 18128476
TI  - A critical study of techniques for the cytochemical demonstration of aldehydes.

PMID- 18128475
TI  - A dye phosphate for the histo- and cytochemical demonstration of alkaline
      phosphatase, with some observations on the differential behaviour of nuclear and
      extranuclear enzymes.

PMID- 18128477
TI  - On the significance of the plasmal reaction.

PMID- 18128478
TI  - The cell-theory; a restatement, history, and critique.

PMID- 18128479
TI  - The medical approach to the problems of aging.

PMID- 18128480
TI  - Age changes in the salivary glands of Wistar Institute rats with particular
      reference to the submandibular glands.

PMID- 18128481
TI  - The direct effect of steroids on the senile human skin.

PMID- 18128482
TI  - Constipation in the aged, attempts at therapy.

PMID- 18128483
TI  - Serum protein-bound iodine and age.

PMID- 18128484
TI  - Attitudes of the older population groups towards activity and inactivity.

PMID- 18128485
TI  - Supportive therapy in geriatric casework.

PMID- 18128486
TI  - The period of gestation.

PMID- 18128487
TI  - Traumatic neuritis of the puerperium.

PMID- 18128488
TI  - A nutritional survey in pregnancy with particular reference to certain
      haematological and biochemical findings.

PMID- 18128489
TI  - Excision of the round ligaments in corporeal and ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 18128490
TI  - Roentgenography of vaginal cysts.

PMID- 18128491
TI  - Ruptured pyometra as a surgical emergency.

PMID- 18128492
TI  - Unilateral acute hydramnios in uniovulvar twin pregnancy.

PMID- 18128493
TI  - Fibroadenoma of the cervix with adenomyosis of the uterine body.

PMID- 18128495
TI  - A rotating disc calculator.

PMID- 18128494
TI  - The significance of Clostridium welchii in the cervical swab and blood-stream in
      postpartum and postabortum sepsis.

PMID- 18128496
TI  - Treatment of secondary amenorrhoea with low dosage irradiation of ovaries and
      pituitary gland.

PMID- 18128497
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128498
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128499
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128500
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128501
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128502
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128503
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128504
TI  - NECESSITY for closer relationships between small and large hospitals.

PMID- 18128505
TI  - Difference between morphine and synthetic analgesics in their actions on
      ganglionic transmission.

PMID- 18128506
TI  - Radar observation of heavy rain.

PMID- 18128507
TI  - Persistence of pyrethrins and gamma isomer of benzene hexachloride.

PMID- 18128508
TI  - Action of suramin on enzymes.

PMID- 18128509
TI  - Fire prevention in hospital design.

PMID- 18128510
TI  - Hospitals and health insurance.

PMID- 18128511
TI  - Twenty-four hour administrative coverage in a large general hospital.

PMID- 18128512
TI  - FIELD instrument for the determination of low concentrations of methyl bromide
      and other halogenated hydrocarbons.

PMID- 18128513
TI  - Group detection of lead absorption among exposed workers.

PMID- 18128514
TI  - DUST analysis service of the Industrial Health Laboratory, Ottawa.

PMID- 18128515
TI  - PROPOSED uniform industrial hygiene code.

PMID- 18128516
TI  - Carbon monoxide in garages.

PMID- 18128517
TI  - The influence of American occupation on the life span of the Filipino and on the
      incidence of degenerative diseases.

PMID- 18128518
TI  - The influence of chorionic gonadotropin on the release of spermatozoa by the
      common male Philippine Rana vittigera.

PMID- 18128519
TI  - The modern role of vitamin D2 in cutaneous tuberculosis with a preliminary report
      on five cases.

PMID- 18128520
TI  - Anemia in pregnancy in the Philippines.

PMID- 18128521
TI  - A study of caronamide as a penicillin booster.

PMID- 18128522
TI  - Perforation of the infracted interventricular septum diagnosed ante mortem.

PMID- 18128523
TI  - Detoxification of benzoic acid by glycuronic acid under normal conditions and in
      liver disease.

PMID- 18128524
TI  - Gallstone formation and gall-stone disease.

PMID- 18128525
TI  - Does urine stasis have any influence on the development of arterial hypertension?

PMID- 18128526
TI  - Arterial orthostatic anemia; some aspects of clinical forms and
      electrocardiographic changes.

PMID- 18128527
TI  - Loffler's syndrome; periarteritis nodosa.

PMID- 18128528
TI  - Diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas and the ampulla of Vater.

PMID- 18128529
TI  - Management of the surgical chest.

PMID- 18128530
TI  - The problem of weakness and fatigue.

PMID- 18128531
TI  - Folic acid and the neurologic manifestations of pernicious anemia.

PMID- 18128532
TI  - Report on Hemophilus influenzae meningitis.

PMID- 18128533
TI  - The triad of urethritis, conjunctivitis and arthritis.

PMID- 18128534
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis; report of an unusual case with hepatitis studied by
      serial liver biopsies and complicated by hemolytic anemia.

PMID- 18128535
TI  - The shoulder-hand syndrome.

PMID- 18128536
TI  - Ulcer.

PMID- 18128537
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128539
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128538
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128540
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128541
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128542
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128543
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128544
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128545
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128546
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128547
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128548
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128550
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128549
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128551
TI  - [Leishmanides; considerations upon the generalized form of American tegumentary
      leishmanides].

PMID- 18128552
TI  - [Leukemoid reactions and deferential diagnosed with leukemia].

PMID- 18128553
TI  - [Accidents of transfusion and morbid disorders coincident with the transfusions].

PMID- 18128554
TI  - [A case of nasal prosthesis].

PMID- 18128555
TI  - Tuberculosis in industry; an epidemiological study; preliminary report.

PMID- 18128556
TI  - Perforation of the rectum.

PMID- 18128557
TI  - Treatment of perforations of the oesophagus; report of three cases.

PMID- 18128558
TI  - An unusual case of chronic myeloid leukaemia.

PMID- 18128559
TI  - Rupture of the liver associated with parturition.

PMID- 18128560
TI  - Treatment of a chronic typhoid carrier with chloromycetin.

PMID- 18128561
TI  - Perspex oxygen tents.

PMID- 18128562
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128563
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128564
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128565
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128566
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128567
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128568
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128569
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128570
TI  - Control of human epiphyseal growth.

PMID- 18128572
TI  - Modern developments in fly control.

PMID- 18128571
TI  - A short review of DDT residual house spraying for malaria control in Trinidad,
      1945-1948.

PMID- 18128573
TI  - Accidents during treatment by pneumothorax.

PMID- 18128574
TI  - Pentothal anesthesia; its uses in hospital, office, home.

PMID- 18128575
TI  - Comparative therapeutic results with allantoin preparations for various
      gastrointestinal disorders.

PMID- 18128576
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128577
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128578
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 18128579
TI  - Gastrojejnocolic fistula; a case report.

PMID- 18128580
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128581
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128582
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128583
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128584
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128586
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128585
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128587
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128588
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128589
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128590
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128591
TI  - Leprosy in Kenya.

PMID- 18128592
TI  - Diet and dental health.

PMID- 18128593
TI  - The experimental and clinical use of antihistamine drugs.

PMID- 18128594
TI  - Judgment in cardiology.

PMID- 18128595
TI  - [The fight against malaria in Brazil by the National Malaria Service].

PMID- 18128596
TI  - [Contributions to the specialty surgical instruments].

PMID- 18128597
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128598
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128599
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128600
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128601
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128602
TI  - The Levinson test in tuberculous meningitis.

PMID- 18128603
TI  - Microstomia due to atresia of the free margins of the lips; a new technique for
      its correction.

PMID- 18128604
TI  - Face presentation; report of a case.

PMID- 18128605
TI  - A present day concept of allergy.

PMID- 18128607
TI  - Prevention and treatment of syphilis in childhood.

PMID- 18128606
TI  - Congenital atresia of the duodenum.

PMID- 18128608
TI  - Public health practices for veterinarians.

PMID- 18128609
TI  - Observation on prophylaxis of puerperal infection.

PMID- 18128610
TI  - Detection of various chest lesions by mass X-ray survey.

PMID- 18128611
TI  - Preliminary report of proposed program for visual screening for school children
      in Illinois.

PMID- 18128612
TI  - Extrarenal azotemia and lower nephron syndrome.

PMID- 18128613
TI  - The incidence of intestinal parasitic infections in a Chicago dispensary.

PMID- 18128614
TI  - Acute pneumococcal epididymitis.

PMID- 18128615
TI  - Multiple sclerosis and pregnancy.

PMID- 18128616
TI  - Cortical adenomas of arteriosclerotic kidneys.

PMID- 18128617
TI  - Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of human toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 18128618
TI  - Culdoscopy; its diagnostic value in pelvic disease.

PMID- 18128619
TI  - Needle biopsy of the liver.

PMID- 18128620
TI  - D-tubocurarine in oil-wax suspension in rheumatoid spondylitis; its use as an
      adjuvant.

PMID- 18128621
TI  - Antibacterial action of commercial nitromersol preparations.

PMID- 18128622
TI  - The action of blood on germs presumably killed by antiseptics.

PMID- 18128623
TI  - Mycobacterial forms observed in tumors; their culture and pathogenicity.

PMID- 18128624
TI  - Treatment of cancer of the cervix; irradiation or surgery.

PMID- 18128625
TI  - Bacterium paratyphosum A and tetrathionate broth.

PMID- 18128626
TI  - On the application and sensitivity of the methods of assay of the sulpha
      compounds for toxicological analysis.

PMID- 18128627
TI  - The combined use of sulfasuccidine and diodoquin in the treatment of amoebic
      infections of the intestine.

PMID- 18128628
TI  - Miracil D; effect on B. mansoni in vitro and in the treatment of urinary
      bilharziasis.

PMID- 18128629
TI  - Treatment of cestodes with chloroquine as compared with other known vermifuges.

PMID- 18128630
TI  - Coronary and cerebral atheroma.

PMID- 18128631
TI  - A case of recurrent mixed tumour of the cheek in a girl aged 1 1/2 years.

PMID- 18128632
TI  - Absence of the gall-bladder (agenesis) a case with interesting features.

PMID- 18128633
TI  - Perandren therapy with tablet implants and crystals in aqueous suspension in ten
      cases of male hypogonadism and impotence.

PMID- 18128634
TI  - Cancer of the vagina with report of one case.

PMID- 18128635
TI  - [Chronic fibrous congestive splenomegaly].

PMID- 18128636
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128637
TI  - Diphtheria in the city of Detroit.

PMID- 18128638
TI  - Why insanity hearings are voided by the court; suggestions regarding physicians'
      certificates of insanity.

PMID- 18128639
TI  - Ovarian pregnancy.

PMID- 18128640
TI  - Bronchiectasis; report of 100 cases.

PMID- 18128641
TI  - Postoperative ileostomy management; a simplified technique.

PMID- 18128642
TI  - Histoplasmosis.

PMID- 18128643
TI  - Nodular diseases of the extremities.

PMID- 18128644
TI  - The causes and general nature of transverse presentation of the human fetus in
      the last 10 weeks of pregnancy.

PMID- 18128645
TI  - Concentration of Ac-globulin in various species.

PMID- 18128646
TI  - Juvenile diabetes.

PMID- 18128647
TI  - Diagnosis and care of pyloric stenosis by the pediatrician.

PMID- 18128648
TI  - Leukemoid reaction in tuberculosis with report on two cases.

PMID- 18128649
TI  - Surgery of the biliary tract.

PMID- 18128650
TI  - The so-called allergic intestinal bleeding syndrome in infants; case report.

PMID- 18128651
TI  - The danger to the mother of a full term hydrocephalic fetus.

PMID- 18128652
TI  - Malaria simulating acute appendicitis.

PMID- 18128653
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128654
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128655
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128656
TI  - Studies on the so-called X-factor common to Proteus OX19, Rickettsia prowazeki
      and Rickettsia mooseri, especially on the relation of the factor to blood group B
      specific substance.

PMID- 18128657
TI  - The hemolysin obtained from the nucleic acid added broth culture of hemolytic
      streptococci.

PMID- 18128659
TI  - Studies on the active principle of Shwartzman filtrate.

PMID- 18128658
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128660
TI  - On the isolation of antigenic substances from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 18128661
TI  - The natural history of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18128662
TI  - Antipeptic and antacid therapy with special reference to adsorbent complexes of
      calcium and magnesium phosphates.

PMID- 18128663
TI  - Procaine penicillin.

PMID- 18128664
TI  - Chloromycetin in typhoid fever.

PMID- 18128665
TI  - Some factors affecting the results of treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.

PMID- 18128666
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128667
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128668
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128669
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128670
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128671
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128672
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128673
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128675
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128674
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128676
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128677
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128678
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128679
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128680
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128681
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128682
TI  - The nervous and chemical control of the uterus.

PMID- 18128683
TI  - A brief summary of the indications for and methods of induction of labour.

PMID- 18128684
TI  - Tumour registry.

PMID- 18128685
TI  - Vaginal hysterectomy-colporrhaphy.

PMID- 18128686
TI  - A brief survey of the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip.

PMID- 18128687
TI  - The treatment of ankylosing spondylitis and osteoarthritis.

PMID- 18128688
TI  - B.C.G. vaccine.

PMID- 18128689
TI  - Ocular prosthesis, with special reference to the conjunctival sac.

PMID- 18128690
TI  - Some clinical aspects of water balance.

PMID- 18128691
TI  - Improving the response characteristic of graphic recorders.

PMID- 18128692
TI  - The surgical treatment of vesicovaginal fistula following hysterectomy and radium
      treatment for carcinoma of the cervix uteri; case report and comment.

PMID- 18128693
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128694
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128695
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128696
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128697
TI  - Chronic valvular disease of the heart.

PMID- 18128698
TI  - Acute poliomyelitis; early diagnosis.

PMID- 18128699
TI  - The management of the diabetic in general practice.

PMID- 18128700
TI  - An unusual case of intussusception.

PMID- 18128701
TI  - Scope and possibilities of a mobile eye clinic in a state hospital.

PMID- 18128702
TI  - Medicine in China.

PMID- 18128703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128704
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128705
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128706
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128707
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128708
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128709
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128710
TI  - Recent advances in ophthalmology.

PMID- 18128711
TI  - Asthma in children; certain diagnostic problems.

PMID- 18128712
TI  - Alzheimer's disease with case report.

PMID- 18128713
TI  - Scopolamine in vertigo.

PMID- 18128714
TI  - Radiologic study of mastoid bone in infants in conjunction with anatomic and
      pathologic investigations.

PMID- 18128715
TI  - Combined resection of the lung and parietal pleura in the treatment of pulmonary
      suppuration and empyema.

PMID- 18128716
TI  - Complications of peritoneal button operation for ascites.

PMID- 18128717
TI  - Habitus in tuberculosis.

PMID- 18128718
TI  - Relative value of the standard and unipolar leads in the diagnosis of myocardial
      damage.

PMID- 18128719
TI  - Protamine edema in diabetes mellitus; preliminary report.

PMID- 18128720
TI  - Acute generalized peritonitis due to spontaneous rupture of pyosalpinx.

PMID- 18128721
TI  - The medical treatment of pilonidal disease.

PMID- 18128722
TI  - The addition of niacin to procaine hydrochloride for intravenous administration;
      preliminary report.

PMID- 18128723
TI  - Cardiac neurosis.

PMID- 18128724
TI  - Subepicranial hydroma (false meningocele).

PMID- 18128725
TI  - Unusual sites of endometriosis.

PMID- 18128726
TI  - Suggested studies of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18128727
TI  - [Pneumoperitoneum treatment].

PMID- 18128728
TI  - [Surgical treatment of tuberculous empyema].

PMID- 18128729
TI  - [Cultural methods for demonstrating the presence of tubercle bacilli in tissue].

PMID- 18128730
TI  - [Desoxycholate-citrate medium, Leifsons medium, in the diagnosis of Salmonella
      and Shigella].

PMID- 18128731
TI  - [Coincident gonorrhoeal and syphilitic infections].

PMID- 18128732
TI  - [Treatment of whooping-cough by means of height-flying and low-pressure].

PMID- 18128733
TI  - [The epidemic of cholera in Egypt, 1947-1948].

PMID- 18128734
TI  - [Occlusion of a cavern in connection with lobar pneumonia].

PMID- 18128735
TI  - [BCT-vaccination by means of Birkhaug's fork].

PMID- 18128736
TI  - [Recent trends in the Danish public health services].

PMID- 18128737
TI  - Selected neuro-opthalmologic disorders.

PMID- 18128738
TI  - Cancer of the large intestine; diagnosis and management.

PMID- 18128739
TI  - Psychosomatic history taking.

PMID- 18128740
TI  - Sickle cell anemia complicated by valvular heart disease.

PMID- 18128741
TI  - Three common orthopedic problems.

PMID- 18128742
TI  - Abdominal pregnancy with premature separation of the placenta and multiple
      complications; a case report.

PMID- 18128743
TI  - Studies on gastric cancer.

PMID- 18128744
TI  - On graduate medical education in the United States.

PMID- 18128745
TI  - X-ray findings in tetralogy of Fallot; report of a case.

PMID- 18128746
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128747
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128748
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128749
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128750
TI  - Food poisoning.

PMID- 18128751
TI  - Food preservation in relation to food poisoning.

PMID- 18128752
TI  - Food hygiene in shops and restaurants.

PMID- 18128753
TI  - The treatment of food poisoning.

PMID- 18128754
TI  - Headache.

PMID- 18128755
TI  - Cricketing injuries.

PMID- 18128756
TI  - Penicillin by the subcutaneous route.

PMID- 18128757
TI  - Androgens.

PMID- 18128758
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128760
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128759
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128761
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128762
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128763
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128764
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128765
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128766
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128767
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128768
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128769
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128770
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128771
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128772
TI  - Cytologic diagnosis of carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia of the stomach.

PMID- 18128773
TI  - Myocardial infarction and sudden deaths following the administration of
      pitressin; additional electrocardiographic study of 100 patients given pitressin
      for cholecystography.

PMID- 18128774
TI  - Evaluation of the hyperemia test for pregnancy as a routine clinical laboratory
      procedure; comparison of results with those of 1,000 consecutive Friedman tests.

PMID- 18128775
TI  - Lymphoblastoma with signs of renal involvement improved by roentgen therapy.

PMID- 18128776
TI  - The effect of gonadectomy on the growth of hair in mice.

PMID- 18128777
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128778
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128779
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128780
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128781
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128782
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128783
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128784
TI  - Health outlook for older people.

PMID- 18128785
TI  - Problems in gastrointestinal surgery as affected by advanced age.

PMID- 18128786
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128787
TI  - Capillary permeability, serum proteins and haematocrit values in normal
      pregnancy.

PMID- 18128788
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128789
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128790
TI  - Scurvy at Fort Atkinson, 1819-1820.

PMID- 18128791
TI  - A physiological and pharmacological appreciation of Hamlet, act I, scene 5, lines
      59-73.

PMID- 18128792
TI  - A practical applicator for dressing the various body appendages.

PMID- 18128793
TI  - A new treatment for superficial mycoses.

PMID- 18128794
TI  - The influence of alcohol on ketone metabolism.

PMID- 18128795
TI  - [Tetanus, clinical and therapeutic study of 136 cases].

PMID- 18128796
TI  - Early diagnosis of carcinoma of the stomach.

PMID- 18128797
TI  - Periarteritis nodosa; possible relation to the increased usage of sulfonamides.

PMID- 18128798
TI  - Neurocirculatory asthenia.

PMID- 18128799
TI  - Streptomycin treatment of bacterial endocarditis due to Streptococcus viridans;
      report of two cases.

PMID- 18128800
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128801
TI  - Cardiovascular epistaxis.

PMID- 18128802
TI  - [Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, syphilitis aortitis; Clinic
      pathological session].

PMID- 18128803
TI  - [The Tysiology].

PMID- 18128804
TI  - Disseminated sclerosis in South Africa; its relationship to swayback disease and
      suggested treatment.

PMID- 18128805
TI  - Retained placenta and postpartum haemorrhage.

PMID- 18128806
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128807
TI  - Sporadic salmonella infections in Shanghai during the summer of 1948.

PMID- 18128808
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128809
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128810
TI  - [A case of early carcinoma of the liver].

PMID- 18128811
TI  - Multiple primary malignancies.

PMID- 18128812
TI  - Acute obstruction of the small bowel.

PMID- 18128813
TI  - Continuous suction drainage; a historical evaluation of intestinal obstruction.

PMID- 18128814
TI  - BCG vaccination.

PMID- 18128815
TI  - Six histamine antagonists in hay fever, with a review of the literature.

PMID- 18128816
TI  - Vitamin C in the nutrition of infants, pregnant, and lactating women.

PMID- 18128817
TI  - Hypospadias and its surgical treatment.

PMID- 18128818
TI  - The cutaneous manifestations of the lymphoblastomas.

PMID- 18128819
TI  - Oral aureomycin therapy for chancroid; report of case.

PMID- 18128820
TI  - Should we adopt compulsory medical care insurance?

PMID- 18128821
TI  - Phrenic nerve paralysis associates with Erb's palsy in the newborn; a clinical
      and anatomicopathologic study.

PMID- 18128822
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128823
TI  - The Rh factor.

PMID- 18128824
TI  - Psychosomatic medicine; a critique.

PMID- 18128825
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128826
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128827
TI  - Hyperthyroidism associated with myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 18128828
TI  - Tantalum mesh in recurrent hernias.

PMID- 18128829
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128830
TI  - [Changes in the results of the test after Dart frontal lobotomy].

PMID- 18128831
TI  - [Cerebromeningeal hydrodynamic disturbances and psychosurgery].

PMID- 18128833
TI  - Present concepts in ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 18128832
TI  - [Limitation of indications for use of leucotomy].

PMID- 18128834
TI  - The indications for tonsillectomy.

PMID- 18128835
TI  - Present trends in psychotherapy.

PMID- 18128836
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128837
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128838
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128839
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128841
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128840
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128842
TI  - Regional ileitis.

PMID- 18128843
TI  - Pulmonary resection for metastatic sarcoma.

PMID- 18128844
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128845
TI  - Persistent omphalomesenteric duct, with focal ulceration, probably peptic.

PMID- 18128846
TI  - Hypertension treated by irradiation of the adrenals; with report of 23 cases.

PMID- 18128847
TI  - Subtaloid dislocation of the foot; case report of the outward type.

PMID- 18128848
TI  - Experimental production of megaloblastic anemia in relation to megaloblastic
      anemia in infants.

PMID- 18128849
TI  - The metabolic and clinical effects of pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone
      (ACTH) in spontaneous hypoglycemosis.
AB  - The effects of ACTH on the fasting blood sugar level and glucose tolerance test;
      on the potassium and inorganic phosphorus content of the serum; on the nitrogen,
      phosphorus, chloride, sodium and potassium balances; on the urinary excretion of
      uric acid, creatinine and adrenal corticosteroids and on the blood eosinophil
      counts were determined in five young children with non-Addisonian (familial)
      hypoglycemia. The type of response to ACTH was similar in all respects of the
      normal adult. However, under the conditions of our experiment, instead of
      producing a transient state of diabetes mellitus, as it does in the normal
      subject, the ACTH appeared merely to reverse the hypoglycemic tendency, with
      return of the fasting blood sugar levels and the glucose tolerance curve to
      normal. While the eosinophil count returned to normal promptly upon withdrawal of
      ACTH, the blood sugar remained above the threshold for hypoglycemic reactions for
      at least 10 days without ACTH in the most severe case in the series. (Figure 2)
      The same tendency was seen in the other four cases as well. In all instances,
      however, the original degree of hypoglycemia recurred at varying periods
      following withdrawal of the ACTH. After this had occurred in B.G., the hormone
      was again given intensively for two days, again raising the blood sugar to normal
      values. Administration of between 10 and 18 mg. of ACTH in one dose every forty
      eight hours since that time (five months) has served to maintain this one-year
      old patient in an essentially non-hypoglycemic state. Results of the study
      suggest, therefore, that ACTH may prove to be as effective in the control of
      chronic non-Addisonian hypoglycemosis as insulin is in the control of diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 18128850
TI  - The contribution of social workers to the interviewing skills psychologists.

PMID- 18128851
TI  - Proctologic examination and diagnosis.

PMID- 18128852
TI  - Appendicitis in the Louisville General Hospital.

PMID- 18128853
TI  - Carcinoma of esophagus. A report of seventeen cases.
AB  - This report deals with 17 cases of carcinoma of the esophagus, the total number
      that have been treated at the Veterans Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky, since its
      opening in April, 1946. It is much too early to judge end results on the living
      cases; however, the series is representative and, we think, should be added to
      the growing literature. Several authors have already very well summarized the
      evolution of surgical management of this disease since Adams and Phemister in the
      1938 reported the first successful transthoracic resection and
      esophagogastrostomy for carcinoma to be performed in this country. The pertinent
      data in these cases are set forth in Tables I and II.

PMID- 18128854
TI  - The surgical relief of vesical neck obstruction in children.

PMID- 18128855
TI  - The nature of and treatment of tendinitis of the musculotendinous cuff of the
      shoulder and subacromial bursitis.
AB  - The nature of tendinitis and bursitis of the shoulder cuff is poorly understood
      by many practitioners which results in inadequate therapy and a number of
      disabled shoulders. Repeated traumas play a large part in etiology and appear to
      account for the pathology. Statistically the condition affects females more than
      males. Three stages of tendinitis and bursitis are described with variations. A
      number of primary forms of treatment are described which should almost always be
      followed by sedation, abduction of the arm, warm moist packs, and the proper
      exercises. Abduction and exercises usually prevent the disabling frozen shoulder.
      Addiction is frequent in chronic cases. The physician must see the patient almost
      daily to rehearse the exercises and to impress the patient with the necessity of
      this. Surgery is beneficial in some acute and chronic cases. Superior lung lobe
      tumors in older patients produce at times shoulder pain simulating bursitis and
      are confusing when the calcium deposit is present in the shoulder region.

PMID- 18128856
TI  - Obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract in infants.
AB  - An attempt has been made in the foregoing to mention some of the gastrointestinal
      anomalies that are occasionally met, even thought many of the congenital defects
      are relatively uncommon in their occurrence. Any or all of them should be kept in
      mind in the newborn when it does not follow the usual course of events in regard
      to intake of formula, or other unusual developments within the first few days of
      life. There has been no effort made to set out the actual surgical management of
      the situation that presents itself. Rather an effort has been made to stress
      prodromal symptoms, physical and roentgenologic findings. Careful preoperative
      preparation of these infants must be stressed time and again. Actually, the
      preoperative preparation is of much greater importance than the mechanical
      management of the defect present from a surgical standpoint. A newborn with an
      obstructive lesion and in whom the blood chemistry and protein values are
      unbalanced is a poor surgical risk. After careful restoration of these values,
      the infants tolerate major surgery remarkably well.

PMID- 18128857
TI  - The surgical treatment of peptic ulcer comparing vagotomy and gastric resection.
AB  - 1. Forty-nine patients who had vagotomy and 33 who had gastric resection, which
      constitute all of the cases since the opening of this hospital, have been
      reviewed and compared. 2. There have been no hospital deaths in either series
      with the exception of one case moribund from acute hemorrhage, who was explored
      only as a last resort. 3. Surprisingly enough, the number and severity of
      complications have been higher following vagotomy than following gastrectomy. 4.
      Results thus far are somewhat in favor of vagotomy with drainage over subtotal
      gastrectomy. The apparent advantage of vagotomy over gastrectomy will be further
      enhanced when we consider the following three factors: a. Although in our small
      series there has been no mortality following either procedure in elective cases,
      the literature shows a definitely greater number of fatalities following
      gastrectomy than following vagotomy. b. The great majority of patients who have
      undergone gastrectomy remain gastric cripples, whereas the only limitation in
      diet, tobacco and alcohol imposed upon our postvagotomy patient has been
      "everything in moderation." c. In this particular comparative study, 50 per cent
      of the gastrectomy series were for gastric ulcer which are notorious for their
      favorable response to any type of surgery.

PMID- 18128859
TI  - The late symptoms of carcinoma of the pancreas.
AB  - The early, curable malignant lesion of the pancreas is silent. The initial
      symptoms are mild, indefinite, and not disturbing. Jaundice, pain, weight loss,
      and anemia, are all evidence of the growth's extension beyond the gland. Even
      when a presumptive diagnosis of such a lesion is made on a basis of the history
      in the absence of any demonstrable finding, the lesion proves to be inoperable.
      Magnificent advances have been made in the surgical management of pancreatic
      disease. Until similar advances can be made in diagnosis, the fruits to be
      enjoyed by pancreatoduodenectomy cannot be touched.

PMID- 18128858
TI  - Abdominal aortography.
AB  - A technic of abdominal aortography has been presented. The procedure is simple,
      and very little special equipment is necessary. It is relatively harmless, and in
      our series we have had no fatalities or untoward reactions. Five cases have been
      presented. In the case of acute aortic occlusion due to a saddle thrombus, we
      feel that little additional information was obtained by aortography. The
      procedure in an already desperately ill patient was harmful. In fact, the mere
      administration of an anesthetic was dangerous. Such cases in nearly all instances
      are easily recognized, and if seen early enough, aortic embolectomy should be
      done without loss time. Two cases of aneurysm of the abdominal aorta were
      presented. One of these was explored and treated, while in the other case, the
      aortogram revealed that both renal vessels took their origin from the portion of
      the aorta involved, and the patient was not subjected to surgery which was
      contraindicated. Aortograms in suspected abdominal aortic aneurysms are of
      distinct value. Not only do they corroborate the clinical impression, but they
      also reveal the exact level of the lesion and in most cases its extent as well.
      Useless exploration is avoided when major branches, such as the renal arteries,
      are involved. In Figure 4 the aneurysm failed to fill. We do not know whether
      this was a technical error, but are inclined to believe it was due to abnormal
      currents in the aneurysm. We hope to gain further knowledge of this type of
      filling defect as more aneurysms are studied with serial x-rays. In the last two
      cases presented, we feel that aortography was of decided value. Chronic occlusion
      of the aortic bifurcation is rare, and although it may be suspected clinically,
      the exact diagnosis can only be made by aortogram or exploration. Further, the
      cephalad extension of the thrombosis can be accurately seen. In a case such as
      the last presented, a partial occlusion can be visualized, and repeated
      aortography will be of value in studying the progress of the disease. I feel it
      is worthwhile to mention in closing that in the two cases of chronic aortic
      occlusion, no large, collaterals to the affected extremities were visualized.
      However, both of the patients improved following resection of the occluded
      segments and lumbar sympathectomy. We do not feel that the failure to visualize
      collateral arterial channels should be a contraindication to the surgical therapy
      of this disease.

PMID- 18128860
TI  - The incidence of peptic ulcer following sympathectomy for hypertension. A
      presentation of a case.
AB  - 1. A case of bleeding duodenal ulcer making its first appearance two years after
      thoracolumbar sympathectomy for hypertension has been presented. 2. Gastric
      studies showed that this ulcer was of the vagal "cephalic" type. 3. Vagotomy and
      gastroenterostomy were performed. 4. Was this ulcer the result of sympathetic
      parasympathetic imbalance? If so, was this imbalance due to the sympathectomy or
      was it a psychosomatic manifestation of his emotional tension?

PMID- 18128861
TI  - Frontal lobotomy for the relief of intractable pain.
AB  - 1. Frontal lobotomy is an effective procedure for the relief of intractable pain.
      2. Unilateral frontal lobotomy for the relief of pain is less successful than the
      bilateral (standard) operation. 3. Unwanted changes in personality and intellect
      are apt to be severe after the bilateral procedure. These changes, though of less
      degree, also occur with the unilateral operation performed by standard technic.
      4. To broaden the use of this type of operation for intractable pain of
      noncancerous origin a less disabling procedure is necessary. This may possibly be
      accomplished by limiting the size of the bilateral operation or by selective
      bilateral destruction of certain areas of the frontal lobes. 5. A new procedure
      in which a small symmetrical destructive lesion is produced in the lower medial
      quadrant each hemisphere has been successful in relieving pain.

PMID- 18128862
TI  - Treatment of lung abscess.

PMID- 18128863
TI  - Acquired megacolon. Report of a case in a seventy-four year old male.

PMID- 18128864
TI  - Tumors of the rectum.

PMID- 18128865
TI  - Pathologic pictures of anesthetic complications.
AB  - An attempt has been made to discuss, briefly, some of the pathologic pictures and
      processes peculiar to anesthetic agents and technics. As surgical procedures
      increase in length and complexity, and as the poorer risk patients are now
      considered suitable for many major surgical procedures, anesthesia has of
      necessity become more of a problem, and anesthetic complications should be borne
      in mind during the preoperative study of these patients, and should be watched
      for during the operative postoperative course.

PMID- 18128866
TI  - Cholelithiasis - a surgical disease.

PMID- 18128867
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128868
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128869
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128870
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128871
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128872
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128873
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128874
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128875
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128876
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128877
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128878
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128879
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128880
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128882
TI  - An examination of problems basic to acculturation in the Rio Grande pueblos.

PMID- 18128881
TI  - Anthropology and the humanities.

PMID- 18128883
TI  - The cultural setting of the Twana secret society.

PMID- 18128884
TI  - Individual motivation in the diffusion of the Wind River Shoshone Sundance to the
      Crow Indians.

PMID- 18128885
TI  - Remarks on tree-ring analysis techniques in the Southwest.

PMID- 18128886
TI  - Anthropology in Germany.

PMID- 18128887
TI  - The role of the cements in pedodontics.

PMID- 18128888
TI  - Tumors of the hard tissues of the oral cavity with special reference to children.

PMID- 18128889
TI  - At what age do you stop caring for the primary molars?

PMID- 18128890
TI  - Studies on prolonged suppurative infection in man.

PMID- 18128892
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128891
TI  - Effect of antifolic acid derivatives on patients with far-advanced
      carcinomatosis.

PMID- 18128893
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128894
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128895
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128896
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128897
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128898
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128899
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128900
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128901
TI  - [Dental service for students in Switzerland].

PMID- 18128902
TI  - [Dr. Ramazzini's research on industrial diseases].

PMID- 18128903
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128904
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128905
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128907
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128906
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128908
TI  - Inhibition of brain respiration by ethyl alcohol at varied temperature levels.

PMID- 18128909
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128910
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128911
TI  - [Neither transition, nor confusion; evolution].

PMID- 18128912
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128913
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128914
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128915
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128916
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128917
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128918
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128919
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128920
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128921
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128922
TI  - Clinical mask for breathing and rebreathing mixtures of gases. No. 2,452,722.

PMID- 18128923
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18128924
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128925
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128926
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128927
TI  - Bilateral non-simultaneous femoral arterial embolic occlusion.

PMID- 18128928
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128929
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128930
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128931
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128932
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128933
TI  - Cervical sympathetic and stellate ganglion block in apoplexy.

PMID- 18128934
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128935
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128936
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128937
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128938
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128939
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128940
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128941
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128942
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128943
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128944
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128945
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128946
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128947
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128948
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128949
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128950
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128951
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128952
TI  - The surgical treatment of obstructive lesions of the esophagus.

PMID- 18128953
TI  - Requirements for oxygen in commercial aviation; some aspects of its use.

PMID- 18128954
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128956
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128955
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128957
TI  - Fibrous dysplasia; report of a case.

PMID- 18128958
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128959
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128960
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128961
TI  - Indications for various ophthalmic operations.

PMID- 18128962
TI  - The pathogenesis of arterial hypertension.

PMID- 18128963
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128964
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128965
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128966
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128967
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128969
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128968
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128970
TI  - Teaching of mental hygiene.

PMID- 18128971
TI  - First memories of normal and of delinquent girls.

PMID- 18128972
TI  - Geriatrics and gerontology in every day practice.

PMID- 18128974
TI  - Substitured sulfaquinoxalines; extension of the glyoxalate synthesis of 2
      aminoquinoxaline.

PMID- 18128975
TI  - Tomorrow's hospital; will it be a production line?

PMID- 18128976
TI  - Portal hypertension.

PMID- 18128977
TI  - Streptococcal pharyngitis.

PMID- 18128978
TI  - Hereditary myoclonus epilepsy; two cases with pathological findings.

PMID- 18128979
TI  - Resection of clavicle for surgical exposure; a case report.

PMID- 18128980
TI  - Thrombocytopenic purpura hemorrhagica after use of sedormid; report of a case.

PMID- 18128981
TI  - Lithium chloride as a substitute for sodium chloride in the diet; observations on
      its toxicity.

PMID- 18128982
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128983
TI  - Tissue-culture evaluation of the viability of blood vessels stored by
      refrigeration.

PMID- 18128984
TI  - Physical properties of some organic insect repellents.

PMID- 18128985
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128986
TI  - [Photometric dose provisions for the rectum in the radium treatment of uterine
      carcinoma].

PMID- 18128988
TI  - Modification of virus receptors by metaperiodate, infection through modified
      receptors.

PMID- 18128987
TI  - Modification of virus receptors by metaperiodate; the properties of IO4-treated
      red-cells.

PMID- 18128989
TI  - Cervical sympathetic and stellate ganglion block in apoplexy; preliminary note on
      indications and technique.

PMID- 18128990
TI  - Acute occlusion by ligature of the portal vein in the Macacus rhesus monkey.

PMID- 18128991
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18128993
TI  - The synthesis of DL-threonine; interconversion of DL-threonine and DL
      allothreonine.

PMID- 18128992
TI  - The synthesis of DL-threonine; from alpha-bromo-beta-methoxy-n-butyric acid and
      derivatives.

PMID- 18128995
TI  - New developments in the management of leprosy.

PMID- 18128994
TI  - Cellular reactions in haemobartonella infected rats with anemia produced by
      antiblood immune serum.

PMID- 18128997
TI  - The dismal science of functionalism.

PMID- 18128996
TI  - Circulating anticoagulants; a technique for their detection and clinical studies.

PMID- 18128998
TI  - The puzzle of hula.

PMID- 18128999
TI  - Anthropology in Indochina since 1940.

PMID- 18129000
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129001
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129003
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129005
TI  - Thumb-sucking.

PMID- 18129002
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129006
TI  - Nutrition and human occlusion.

PMID- 18129007
TI  - Child management in dental radiography.

PMID- 18129008
TI  - The lingually locked maxillary incisor; a rapid technic for the construction of a
      plastic bite-plane.

PMID- 18129009
TI  - A cytological basis for a map of the nucleolar chromosome in man.

PMID- 18129010
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129011
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129012
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129013
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129014
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129015
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129016
TI  - Sympathectomy; its role in the treatment of vascular disease.

PMID- 18129017
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129018
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129019
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129020
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129022
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129021
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129024
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129023
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129026
TI  - The surgical significance of dissecting aortic aneurysms.

PMID- 18129025
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129027
TI  - The needs of the Army medical service.

PMID- 18129028
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129029
TI  - The molluscan intermediate host and schistosomiasis japonica; observations on the
      conditions governing the hatching of the eggs of Schistosoma japonicum.

PMID- 18129031
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129030
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129032
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129033
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129034
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129035
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129036
TI  - Moist heat in the treatment of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18129037
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129038
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129040
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129039
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129041
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129042
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129043
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129044
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129045
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129046
TI  - The effect of oral therapy with cobaltous chloride on the blood of patients
      suffering with chronic suppurative infection.

PMID- 18129047
TI  - Experience with vagotomy in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18129048
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129049
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129050
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129051
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129052
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129053
TI  - The personality of library service.

PMID- 18129054
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129055
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129057
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129056
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129058
TI  - How one hospital coped with a major emergency.

PMID- 18129060
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129059
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129061
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129062
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129063
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129064
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129065
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129066
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129068
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129067
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129069
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129070
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129071
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129072
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129073
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129074
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129076
TI  - The common sense of sex education.

PMID- 18129075
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129077
TI  - Individual psychology in Germany.

PMID- 18129078
TI  - Acute edema and prolapse of the cervix in pregnancy.

PMID- 18129079
TI  - The mechanism of speech; anatomical and clinical considerations.

PMID- 18129080
TI  - Perforations of the esophagus.

PMID- 18129081
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors of ovary.

PMID- 18129082
TI  - Prothrombin deficiency of the newborn.

PMID- 18129083
TI  - Local anesthetics; aminoalkoxyisoquinoline derivatives.

PMID- 18129084
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129085
TI  - Papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary treated with large doses of
      testosterone propionate; report of a case.

PMID- 18129086
TI  - Partial excision of the inferior vena cava in the removal of tumors.

PMID- 18129087
TI  - The use of vinethene in dentistry for children.

PMID- 18129088
TI  - Anesthesia for the child patient.

PMID- 18129089
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129090
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129091
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129092
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129093
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129094
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129095
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129096
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129097
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129098
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129099
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129100
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129101
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129102
TI  - The zinc content of whole blood, plasma, leukocytes and erythrocytes in the
      anemias.

PMID- 18129103
TI  - Vitamin D poisoning.

PMID- 18129104
TI  - Toxicity of caronamide; report of a case.

PMID- 18129105
TI  - Pharyngo-esophageal diverticulectomy; advantages of the two-stage operation for
      large pulsion diverticula.

PMID- 18129107
TI  - The needs of the Army medical service.

PMID- 18129106
TI  - Canicola fever in Germany; report of six cases.

PMID- 18129108
TI  - The duration of immunity to tetanus.

PMID- 18129109
TI  - A case of malignant exophthalmos.

PMID- 18129110
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129111
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129112
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129113
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129114
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129116
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129115
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129117
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129118
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129119
TI  - Acute diverticulitis of the cecum; report of six cases.

PMID- 18129120
TI  - Some aspects of aviation medicine.

PMID- 18129121
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129122
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129123
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129124
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129125
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129126
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129127
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129128
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129129
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129130
TI  - [Traumatic injuries of peripheral nerves; Electrodiagnostic; surgical treatment].

PMID- 18129131
TI  - [Cranial-brain trauma].

PMID- 18129132
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129133
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129134
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129135
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129136
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 18129137
TI  - Essential hypertension; a clinical report on 12 cases.

PMID- 18129138
TI  - Sex behavior and sex attitudes in relation to emotional health.

PMID- 18129139
TI  - A solderless electrode for electroencephalography.

PMID- 18129140
TI  - Methionine and 2,3-dimercaptopropanol in acute toxicity of gold sodium
      thiosulfate.

PMID- 18129141
TI  - The validity of clinical estimates of diastolic arterial pressure.

PMID- 18129142
TI  - Tuberose sclerosis or epiloia.

PMID- 18129143
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129144
TI  - Suggestions for further improvement of tuberculosis control in nursing and
      medical students; BCG vaccination.

PMID- 18129146
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129147
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129145
TI  - Studies of acid base equilibrium with oxygen, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in
      premature infants.

PMID- 18129148
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129149
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129151
TI  - OTITIS media, acute.

PMID- 18129150
TI  - INCIDENCE of anemia in the Navy and Marine Corps.

PMID- 18129152
TI  - Sarcoidosis; report of six cases.

PMID- 18129153
TI  - Vagus neurectomy in peptic ulcer; analyses of 60 cases.

PMID- 18129154
TI  - Chronic nonspecific jejunitis.

PMID- 18129155
TI  - Recurrent acute pancreatitis; review of the literature and report of a case.

PMID- 18129156
TI  - Psychiatric uses of sodium pentothal; experiences in a forward area.

PMID- 18129157
TI  - Hypertrophy of the heart of unknown cause in young adults; report of two
      additional cases.

PMID- 18129158
TI  - Syphilitic osteoperiostitis; skull, ribs, and phalanges; report of a case.

PMID- 18129159
TI  - Oro-laryngeal tuberculosis; report of a case.

PMID- 18129160
TI  - Repositioning of the mandible by adjustment of occlusion.

PMID- 18129161
TI  - Malignant neoplasms at autopsy.

PMID- 18129162
TI  - Craniopharyngioma; report of a case.

PMID- 18129163
TI  - Urachal cysts and sinuses; discussion and report of a case.

PMID- 18129164
TI  - Angioid streals of the retina; case report.

PMID- 18129166
TI  - Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema; report of a case.

PMID- 18129165
TI  - Methanol and formaldehyde in normal body tissues and fluids.

PMID- 18129168
TI  - The relation of structure to function as seen in the joint of the foot.

PMID- 18129167
TI  - Medical care on wartime operating submarines.

PMID- 18129169
TI  - Morton's toe or Morton's meta-tarsalgia.

PMID- 18129170
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129171
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129172
TI  - Thymectomy in treatment of myasthenia gravis; report based on 32 cases.

PMID- 18129173
TI  - Cysticercosis cerebri and its operative treatment.

PMID- 18129174
TI  - Destruction of nerve cells by rickettsial organisms of tsutsugamushi fever.

PMID- 18129175
TI  - Pial-medullary angiomas; clinicopathologic features and treatment.

PMID- 18129176
TI  - Relation of changes in carbohydrate metabolism to psychotic states.

PMID- 18129178
TI  - Epileptic manifestations of cortical and supracortical discharge.

PMID- 18129177
TI  - Capillaroscopic observations in cases of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 18129179
TI  - Electrical signs of epileptic discharge.

PMID- 18129180
TI  - Mechanisms for the spread of epileptic activation of the brain.

PMID- 18129181
TI  - Biochemical approaches in the study of epilepsy.

PMID- 18129182
TI  - Influence of drugs on the human electroencephalogram.

PMID- 18129183
TI  - The central effects of rhythmic sensory stimulation.

PMID- 18129184
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129185
TI  - A new nasopharyngeal lead.

PMID- 18129186
TI  - A tympanic lead.

PMID- 18129187
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129188
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129189
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129190
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129191
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129192
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129193
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129194
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129196
TI  - Viruses and virus diseases.

PMID- 18129195
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129197
TI  - NEW York's floating hospital.

PMID- 18129198
TI  - Nursing in Alaska.

PMID- 18129199
TI  - Rh factor incompatibility.

PMID- 18129200
TI  - Advances in dietetics from the hospital viewpoint.

PMID- 18129201
TI  - Development of positive food therapy.

PMID- 18129202
TI  - The changing pattern in community nutrition.

PMID- 18129203
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129204
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129205
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129207
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129206
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129208
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129209
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129210
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129211
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129212
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129213
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129214
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129215
TI  - Clinical studies with parenteral vitamin A therapy in deafness; preliminary
      report.

PMID- 18129216
TI  - The significance of viruses as seen in nose and throat practice.

PMID- 18129217
TI  - Nasopharyngeal irradiation in the prevention and treatment of deafness.

PMID- 18129218
TI  - The evolutionary process of methods of teaching language to the deaf with a
      survey of the methods now employed.

PMID- 18129220
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129219
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129221
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129223
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129222
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129224
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129225
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129226
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129228
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129227
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129229
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129230
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129231
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129232
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129233
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129234
TI  - Cytologic changes in bronchogenic carcinoma following treatment with nitrogen
      mustard (methyl-bis [beta-chloroethyl] amine).

PMID- 18129235
TI  - Effect of nitrogen mustard in mycosis fungoides.

PMID- 18129236
TI  - Bronchial adenoma producing an alveolar cell carcinoma pattern.

PMID- 18129237
TI  - Experimental atherosclerosis; the effect of desoxycorticosterone acetate on the
      cholesterol content of the blood, the aorta and the liver of the rabbit.

PMID- 18129238
TI  - Silvering of lepra bacilli in tissues.

PMID- 18129239
TI  - Splenic cysts.

PMID- 18129240
TI  - Spontaneous demyelinating diseases of animals; a study in comparative pathology.

PMID- 18129241
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129242
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129243
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129244
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129245
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129246
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129247
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129248
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129249
TI  - Panel discussion on diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18129250
TI  - Abdominal pain of rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18129251
TI  - The premature infant; a discussion with correlation to the 206 premature
      admissions in the 6-year period from January 1943 until December, 1948.

PMID- 18129252
TI  - Tetany of the newborn in a Negro infant.

PMID- 18129253
TI  - [Tuberculous meningitis and streptomycin].

PMID- 18129254
TI  - [Treatment of tuberculous meningitis by streptomycin].

PMID- 18129255
TI  - [Some particular aspects of the Clinic of tuberculous meningitis in the Service
      of the Hospital of pulmonary tuberculosis trench].

PMID- 18129256
TI  - [Tuberculous meningitis].

PMID- 18129257
TI  - [The radioactive isotopes in medicine and pharmacy of the future].

PMID- 18129258
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129259
TI  - AMOBARBITAL.

PMID- 18129260
TI  - ANTHRALIN ointment.

PMID- 18129261
TI  - FRANGULA.

PMID- 18129262
TI  - PROCAINE borate.

PMID- 18129263
TI  - The pharmacology of curare and curarising substances.

PMID- 18129264
TI  - The chemistry of anti-pernicious anaemia factors; the liberation of phosphorus as
      phosphate from vitamin B12 by acid hydrolysis.

PMID- 18129265
TI  - The pharmacognosy of Rauwolfia.

PMID- 18129266
TI  - A chlorohydroxy-triphenylmethane dye.

PMID- 18129267
TI  - The spectrophotometric determination of rutin and quercetin in mixtures.

PMID- 18129268
TI  - The colorimetric determination of aneurine by Auerbach's method.

PMID- 18129269
TI  - The British Pharmacopoeia 1948; some observations on the test for purity.

PMID- 18129270
TI  - Aluminium oxide for quantitative chromatographic analysis.

PMID- 18129271
TI  - The active ion transport through the isolated frog skin in the light of tracer
      studies.

PMID- 18129272
TI  - The influence of the corticotropic hormone from ox on the active salt uptake in
      the axolotl.

PMID- 18129273
TI  - Studies on the biochemistry of human semen; the viscosimetric determination of
      hyaluronidase.

PMID- 18129274
TI  - On the occurrence of bacterial growth factors in liver extracts.

PMID- 18129275
TI  - The limits of error of the assay of pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin by the
      ovarian weight method.

PMID- 18129276
TI  - Relation between growth and lipid synthesis in Colpidium campylum.

PMID- 18129277
TI  - Studies on arthropod cuticle; the variation in permeability of larval cuticles of
      the blowfly, Phormia regina.

PMID- 18129278
TI  - Control erythrocytes.

PMID- 18129279
TI  - The formation of a complex between certain respiratory inhibitors and copper.

PMID- 18129280
TI  - The effect of sodium azide on respiration of rat skeletal muscle and brain cortex
      in vitro, with special reference to temperature.

PMID- 18129281
TI  - The relative rate of penetration of the lower saturated monocarboxylic acids into
      mammalian erythrocytes.

PMID- 18129283
TI  - The peripheral action of C1. botulinum toxin.

PMID- 18129287
TI  - Electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal examination of rabbit blastocyst fluid.

PMID- 18129290
TI  - The penetration of some electrolytes and non-electrolytes into the aqueous humour
      and vitreous body of the cat.

PMID- 18129291
TI  - Action of adrenaline-like substances on the serum of potassium.

PMID- 18129294
TI  - A re-examination of the accident proneness concept.

PMID- 18129295
TI  - The OL key of the Strong test and drive at the twelfth grade level.

PMID- 18129296
TI  - An objective evaluation of counseling.

PMID- 18129297
TI  - Tables for use with the Flesch readability formulas.

PMID- 18129298
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129300
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129299
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129301
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129302
TI  - [Improvement of natural resources and its hygienic importance].

PMID- 18129303
TI  - [Meteorological conditions, research].

PMID- 18129304
TI  - [Oxidation-reduction potentials and bactericidal effects of chlorine in chlorine
      compounds].

PMID- 18129305
TI  - [Characteristics of rare metals; industrial hygiene].

PMID- 18129307
TI  - [Haff disease].

PMID- 18129306
TI  - [Intermittent effect of industrial poisons on organism].

PMID- 18129308
TI  - [Acute alimentary myositis].

PMID- 18129309
TI  - [Diseases of children and bactericidal properties of ultra-violet rays].

PMID- 18129310
TI  - [Water analysis for helminthes in open reservoirs].

PMID- 18129311
TI  - [Sanitary control of hospital sewage].

PMID- 18129312
TI  - [Effectiveness of vitamin C].

PMID- 18129313
TI  - Smallpox in Tripolitania, 1946; an epidemiological and clinical study of 500
      cases, including trials of penicillin treatment.

PMID- 18129314
TI  - The serological relationship between vaccinia and ectromelia viruses.

PMID- 18129315
TI  - The epizootic behaviour of mouse-pox (infectious ectromelia of mice) the course
      of events in long-continued epidemics.

PMID- 18129316
TI  - The survival of foot-and-mouth disease virus in meat and offal.

PMID- 18129317
TI  - Haemolytic disease of newborn foals due to isoimmunization of pregnancy.

PMID- 18129318
TI  - A first record of Brucella abortus (Bang) in the cattle of Mauritius; and data on
      the possible occurrence locally of undulant fever in man.

PMID- 18129319
TI  - A simple method for the determination of bacterial sensitivity to sulphonamides
      by the use of blotting-paper disks.

PMID- 18129320
TI  - The counting of surface colonies of bacteria.

PMID- 18129321
TI  - Feeding and breeding of laboratory animals; breeding of guinea-pigs.

PMID- 18129322
TI  - Electron-microscope studies on relapsing fever spirochaetes.

PMID- 18129323
TI  - The problem of diabetes mellitus in school medical administration.

PMID- 18129324
TI  - The effects of air temperature and velocity and of various flooring materials on
      the thermal sensations and skin temperature of the feet.

PMID- 18129325
TI  - Illness in early childhood in Luton.

PMID- 18129326
TI  - Time analysis of public health nursing service; Alameda County Health Department,
      1946-1947.

PMID- 18129327
TI  - Isolation of Brucella abortus from hogs.

PMID- 18129328
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129329
TI  - Radiographic studies showing the induction of a segmentation pattern in the small
      intestine in normal human subjects.

PMID- 18129330
TI  - Bronchography; the methods by which it may be performed and the factors
      influencing the choice of method employed.

PMID- 18129331
TI  - Pulmonary actionomycosis.

PMID- 18129332
TI  - A simple apparatus for aimed exposures.

PMID- 18129333
TI  - Clinical radiation dosage.

PMID- 18129334
TI  - The construction and performance of a high pressure condenser ionization chamber.

PMID- 18129335
TI  - Radiography of the temporal bone.

PMID- 18129336
TI  - The radiography and radiotherapy of the larynx and pharynx.

PMID- 18129337
TI  - The testing of X-ray films in tropical climates.

PMID- 18129338
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129339
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129340
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129341
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129342
TI  - Neurinoma in the gastro-intestinal tract.

PMID- 18129343
TI  - Tetanus following burns; report of a fatal case in spite of prophylactic
      antitoxin and penicillin treatment during the period of incubation, with a few
      statistical remarks on the estimation of the prognosis in tetanus.

PMID- 18129344
TI  - Lunatomalacia.

PMID- 18129345
TI  - Multiple lipoma-angiolipomas.

PMID- 18129346
TI  - Ligamentous ankle fractures; diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 18129347
TI  - Surgical aspects of the adrenaline-content in blood.

PMID- 18129348
TI  - Curare in the treatment of tetanus.

PMID- 18129349
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129350
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129351
TI  - A simple experimental method of evaluation for the Bassini and allied types of
      hermorrhaphy.

PMID- 18129352
TI  - The treatment of cavernous haemangiomas and cirsoid aneurysms by the injection of
      boiling water.

PMID- 18129353
TI  - Spontaneous paralytic ileus.

PMID- 18129354
TI  - Missile injuries of the urethra.

PMID- 18129356
TI  - The surgico-pathological aspects of myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 18129355
TI  - Carcinoma of the rectum and anal canal; treatment with very high voltage X-ray
      therapy.

PMID- 18129357
TI  - Urinary incontinence due to ectopic ureter.

PMID- 18129358
TI  - Partial hepatectomy.

PMID- 18129359
TI  - Athletes' hernia of the tibialis anticus muscles.

PMID- 18129361
TI  - Observations on bone lesions in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 18129360
TI  - Trichobezoar.

PMID- 18129362
TI  - Further report on the operation of oesophagectomy with presternal oesophago
      gastrostomy.

PMID- 18129363
TI  - A method of defunctioning the bladder and rectum in advanced pelvic carcinoma.

PMID- 18129364
TI  - Meningiomas in Pharaoh's people; hyperostosis in ancient Egyptian skulls.

PMID- 18129365
TI  - A case of bilharzia of the appendix, with strangulation of ileum.

PMID- 18129366
TI  - Sudden death at operation due to tumour embolus.

PMID- 18129368
TI  - Spigelian hernia simulating acute appendicitis.

PMID- 18129367
TI  - A case of gastric neurinoma with haematemesis.

PMID- 18129369
TI  - Subcutaneous rupture of the muscles of the abdomen.

PMID- 18129370
TI  - A case of carcinoma of the duodenum.

PMID- 18129371
TI  - Persistent haematuria from a minute papilloma of the renal pelvis.

PMID- 18129372
TI  - Coincidental strictures of oesophagus and stomach.

PMID- 18129373
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129374
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129375
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129376
TI  - Radical dissection of the neck.

PMID- 18129377
TI  - Technic of subtotal thyroidectomy.

PMID- 18129378
TI  - Meningiomas and neurofibromas of the spinal cord; certain clinical features and
      end results.

PMID- 18129379
TI  - The technic of lumbar sympathectomy.

PMID- 18129380
TI  - Carcinoma of the epiglottis treated by surgical excision with operative technic.

PMID- 18129381
TI  - The technical aspects of esophageal surgery.

PMID- 18129383
TI  - Carcinoma of the breast; technic of radical mastectomy.

PMID- 18129382
TI  - The general technical aspects of cardiovascular surgery.

PMID- 18129384
TI  - Total gastrectomy.

PMID- 18129385
TI  - Partial pancreatectomy; excision of the tail and body of the pancreas.

PMID- 18129386
TI  - Repair of incisional hernia.

PMID- 18129387
TI  - Operative procedures on the gallbladder and common duct.

PMID- 18129388
TI  - Resection of the small intestine.

PMID- 18129389
TI  - Excision of cysts of Bartholin's gland.

PMID- 18129390
TI  - Treatment of prolapse of the uterus.

PMID- 18129391
TI  - Pilonidal cysts and sinuses.

PMID- 18129392
TI  - Management of varicose veins of the lower extremity.

PMID- 18129393
TI  - Surgery of the acromioclavicular joint.

PMID- 18129394
TI  - Arthrotomy of the knee joint.

PMID- 18129396
TI  - [Principles of general oncology in relation to modern biology].

PMID- 18129395
TI  - Technic of endotracheal anesthesia.

PMID- 18129397
TI  - [Effect of pentothal anesthetization on the functions of the liver and kidney].

PMID- 18129398
TI  - [Intra-osseous injections of penicillin and novocain].

PMID- 18129399
TI  - [Results of 50 intrathoracic operations].

PMID- 18129400
TI  - [Penicillin therapy of suppurative pleurisy].

PMID- 18129401
TI  - [Role of residual air in the peritoneal cavity in the etiology of postoperative
      pneumonia].

PMID- 18129402
TI  - [Bronchobiliary fistulas].

PMID- 18129403
TI  - [Epithelial cysts and fistulas of the sacro-coccygeal region].

PMID- 18129404
TI  - [New method of tenodesis of the ankle].

PMID- 18129406
TI  - [Calcified hematoma].

PMID- 18129405
TI  - [Diagnosis of fractures of the cervical vertebrae].

PMID- 18129407
TI  - [Surgery of the honeycomb lung].

PMID- 18129408
TI  - [Acid-alkaline equilibrium of wounds and purulent foci].

PMID- 18129409
TI  - [Surgery of the endarteritis obliterans].

PMID- 18129410
TI  - [Complications in the surgery of the gastro-intestinal tract].

PMID- 18129411
TI  - [Esophagectomy in cancer with high anastomosis].

PMID- 18129412
TI  - [Analgetic surgery in cancer of the face and mouth floor].

PMID- 18129413
TI  - [Remote results of gastroduodenal surgery in ulcers].

PMID- 18129414
TI  - [Effect of surgery in cancer of the breast on working capacity].

PMID- 18129415
TI  - [Bilateral pleural empyema with favorable results].

PMID- 18129416
TI  - [Lengthening of the shoulder stump in children].

PMID- 18129417
TI  - [Muscular plastic surgery in paralytic calcaneus varus].

PMID- 18129418
TI  - [Bilateral congenital dislocation of the knee].

PMID- 18129419
TI  - [Calcifying arthrosis treated with local decalcification].

PMID- 18129420
TI  - [Tissue therapy of prolonged non-healing ulcers].

PMID- 18129421
TI  - [Remote results of amputation of the leg].

PMID- 18129422
TI  - [Distribution of the osteo-muscular complex of the lower extremities in man in
      reference to prosthesis].

PMID- 18129423
TI  - Physical medicine in the treatment of varicose veins and indolent varicose
      ulcers.

PMID- 18129424
TI  - Joint manipulation in rehabilitation.

PMID- 18129426
TI  - Their hospital time can be learning time; the teacher turns therapist.

PMID- 18129425
TI  - A walking aid for spastic children.

PMID- 18129428
TI  - The measurement of joint motion; introductory review of the literature.

PMID- 18129427
TI  - Romney Diagnostic Adjustment Center for adult blind.

PMID- 18129429
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129430
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129431
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129432
TI  - The epidemiology of yellow fever in Central Africa.

PMID- 18129433
TI  - A new human cestode infection in Kenya; Inermicapsifer arvicanthidis, a parasite
      of rats.

PMID- 18129434
TI  - Filaria in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

PMID- 18129435
TI  - Observations on the treatment of falciparum malaria.

PMID- 18129436
TI  - A note on presumed exo-erythrocytic development of Plasmodium vassali in the
      liver of the Malayan squirrel.

PMID- 18129437
TI  - Rate of disappearance of Leishmania in kala-azar patients under urea stibamine
      therapy.

PMID- 18129438
TI  - Acute meningo-encephalitis of uncertain origin in West African troops.

PMID- 18129439
TI  - The treatment of amoebic dysentery in the Bantu African.

PMID- 18129440
TI  - Aetiological and prognostic features in tropical sprue; a study of 47 cases over
      a 2 3/4-3 year period.

PMID- 18129441
TI  - Malnutrition and snake poisoning in the Sudan.

PMID- 18129442
TI  - A case of thromboangiitis obliterans in an African woman.

PMID- 18129444
TI  - Recent advances in the treatment of respiratory tuberculosis.

PMID- 18129443
TI  - The organisation and equipment of chest clinics.

PMID- 18129445
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129446
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129447
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129448
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129449
TI  - Penicillin syphilotherapy administered prior to pregnancy; a study of 111
      pregnancies during which additional antisyphilitic treatment was withheld.

PMID- 18129450
TI  - The therapeutic efficacy of penicillin G in experimental syphilis produced by
      five different strains of Treponema pallidum.

PMID- 18129451
TI  - Results of the nationwide study of penicillin in early syphilis; amorphous
      penicillin in aqueous solution.

PMID- 18129452
TI  - Results of the nationwide study of penicillin in early syphilis; amorphous
      penicillin versus crystalline penicillin G, and aqueous penicillin versus
      penicillin-oil-beeswax.

PMID- 18129453
TI  - Observations on patients with early syphilis treated with penicillin in various
      vehicles and by oral method.

PMID- 18129454
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the skull in early syphilis; report of two cases probably
      influenced by trauma.

PMID- 18129455
TI  - Cardiovascular syphilis; a summary of recent information with special reference
      to treatment with penicillin.

PMID- 18129456
TI  - Extradural hemorrhage following lumbar puncture; report of a case.

PMID- 18129457
TI  - Streptomycin therapy in a case of sulfonamide-resistant Hemophilus ducreyi
      (chancroid) infection.

PMID- 18129458
TI  - Skin reaction of patients of Donovania granulomatis.

PMID- 18129459
TI  - Streptomycin therapy of granuloma inguinale.

PMID- 18129460
TI  - Diagnostic tests in granuloma inguinale.

PMID- 18129461
TI  - Is gonorrhea control a public health function?

PMID- 18129462
TI  - So-called penicillin-resistant gonococcal infections; a clinical and laboratory
      study.

PMID- 18129463
TI  - Cutaneous manifestations of late syphilis.

PMID- 18129464
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129465
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129466
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129467
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129468
TI  - Paradilepis simoni n. sp., a cestode parasitic in the osprey (Cestoda :
      Dilepididae).

PMID- 18129469
TI  - A contribution to the study of North American cestodes of the genus Paruterina
      Fuhrmann, 1906.

PMID- 18129470
TI  - A rare suture in the anterior cranial fossa of the human skull.

PMID- 18129472
TI  - Tattooing and scarification in Tanga.

PMID- 18129471
TI  - Rituals and medicines of Chishinga ironworkers.

PMID- 18129478
TI  - The characteristics of an agent morphologically resembling the Chlamydozoaceae
      and causing sinusitis in turkeys.

PMID- 18129483
TI  - Pigment production in the differentiation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and
      Trichophyton rubrum.

PMID- 18129484
TI  - Phase-determining factors in Blastomyces dermatitis.

PMID- 18129485
TI  - An appraisal of entomology and entomologists.

PMID- 18129486
TI  - The effect of soil soluble salts and cultural practices on mite populations on
      hothouse tomatoes.

PMID- 18129487
TI  - The effect of some insecticides on black fly larvae in Alaskan streams.

PMID- 18129488
TI  - Control of Alaskan mosquito adults by aerial sprays.

PMID- 18129489
TI  - Residual toxicity of DDT analogs and related chlorinated hydrocarbons to house
      flies and mosquitoes.

PMID- 18129490
TI  - The chlorinated hydrocarbon content of milk from cattle sprayed for control of
      horn flies.

PMID- 18129492
TI  - Toxicity of residues from carbon dioxide-propelled insecticides.

PMID- 18129491
TI  - DDT content of milk from cows fed pea vine silage containing DDT residues.

PMID- 18129493
TI  - Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides for the control of the horn fly on beef
      cattle in Kansas and Missouri.

PMID- 18129494
TI  - New developments in the transport of beneficial insects.

PMID- 18129495
TI  - A laboratory method for evaluating DDT residues.

PMID- 18129496
TI  - Toxicity of house flies of DDT and two DDT analogs.

PMID- 18129497
TI  - Further notes on the host relationships of ticks on Long Island.

PMID- 18129499
TI  - [Upon a new neotropical species of the genus Cardiocladius Kieffer, 1912,
      Diptera, Chironomidae].

PMID- 18129498
TI  - [Lack of vitamin A activity in the oil of cashew and peanut meal].

PMID- 18129500
TI  - Influence of serum proteins and calcium ions upon the velocity of the reaction
      thrombin fibrinogen; second phase of blood coagulation.

PMID- 18129501
TI  - [About the largest Proterospermophora of Brazil, Leptodesmidae, Diplopoda].

PMID- 18129503
TI  - A new species of Pseudogaurax from Brazil, Diptera, Chloropidae.

PMID- 18129502
TI  - [Influence of temperature upon the symptoms of avitaminosis A].

PMID- 18129504
TI  - [Studies on canine leptospirosis, presence of agglutinins and sore lysine in dogs
      from Sao Paulo].

PMID- 18129506
TI  - [Parasitism of the cardiac valves of the dog by Schizotrypanum cruzi].

PMID- 18129505
TI  - [Studies upon tabanidas Brazilians; gender Chelommia End, 1922, with descriptions
      of three new species, Diptera, Tabanidae].

PMID- 18129507
TI  - [Neotropical species of the Simuliidae Schiner Diptera family, Nematocera;
      redescription of Simulium auristriatum Lutz, 1910 and Simulium (Eusimulium)
      venustum unfuscata Lutz, 1909 var. inquirendae].

PMID- 18129508
TI  - [Contribution to the knowledge of the Arctiidae, genus Thysanoprymna Butler,
      1875].

PMID- 18129509
TI  - [Action acetilfenilhidrazina the infection of rhesus Macoco by Plasmodium
      knowlesi].

PMID- 18129510
TI  - [Contribution to the knowledge of Pseudogaurax longilineatus Sabrosky, parasite
      egg sacs of Mantodea Diptera, Chloropidae].

PMID- 18129511
TI  - Serum proteins in cancer.

PMID- 18129512
TI  - Hypervolemia and associated changes in mice bearing a transplanted granulosa cell
      tumor.

PMID- 18129513
TI  - Studies on the protein-bound aminoazo dyes formed in vivo from 4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene and its C-monomethyl derivatives.

PMID- 18129514
TI  - Influence of calcium and magnesium on eugenol-induced desquamation of mucus
      epithelium in gastric pouches.

PMID- 18129515
TI  - Adenocarcinoma in the uterus of an endocrine imbalance female rat.

PMID- 18129516
TI  - The effect of dietary fat and carbohydrate on diethylstilbestrol-induced mammary
      cancer in rats.

PMID- 18129518
TI  - A statistical study of tumors among Koreans.

PMID- 18129517
TI  - Beta-glucuronidase activity in human female genital cancer.

PMID- 18129519
TI  - Spontaneous basophilic tumors of the pituitary glands in gonadectomized mice.

PMID- 18129520
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129521
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129522
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129523
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129524
TI  - On the change in particle size distribution of polymethyl methacrylate during
      polymerization.

PMID- 18129525
TI  - Tuberculostatic derivatives of p-aminobenzoic acid; derivatives of 2-halogeno-4
      aminobenzoic acid.

PMID- 18129526
TI  - Formation of biliverdin from legcholeglobin, the green pigment in leguminous root
      nodules.

PMID- 18129527
TI  - Amperometric titrations with indicators.

PMID- 18129528
TI  - A titrimetric method for the determination of calcium.

PMID- 18129529
TI  - Antihistamine agents; 2-imidazolinylmethyl ethers of carbocyclic carbinols.

PMID- 18129530
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129531
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129533
TI  - Relations between vapour pressures and solubilities of hydrates.

PMID- 18129532
TI  - On relations between activation energies and frequency exponents in chemical
      kinetics.

PMID- 18129534
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129535
TI  - Centaur X and Centaur Y; two unknown substances in Centaurea-species.

PMID- 18129536
TI  - X-ray studies on the system molybdenum trioxide, tungsten trioxide.

PMID- 18129537
TI  - The binary system zirconiumboron.

PMID- 18129538
TI  - Antihistamine agents; 2-imidazolinylmethyl ethers of heterocyclic carbinols.

PMID- 18129539
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129540
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129541
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129542
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129543
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129544
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129545
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129546
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129547
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129548
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129549
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129550
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129551
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129552
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129553
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129554
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129555
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129556
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129557
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129558
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129559
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129560
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129561
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129562
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129563
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129564
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129565
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129566
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129567
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129568
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129569
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129570
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129571
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129572
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129573
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129574
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129575
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129576
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129577
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129578
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129579
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129580
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129581
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129582
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129583
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129584
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129585
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129586
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129587
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129589
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129588
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129590
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129591
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129592
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129593
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129594
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129595
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129596
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129597
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129598
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129599
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129600
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129601
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129602
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129603
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129604
TI  - A preliminary investigation of the spectra of uranium isotopes.

PMID- 18129605
TI  - The determination of flame temperatures by infra-red radiation.

PMID- 18129606
TI  - Detection of lead in air with the aid of a Geiger-Muller counter.

PMID- 18129607
TI  - The general theory of isoplantatism for finite aperture and field.

PMID- 18129608
TI  - Heredity and environment.

PMID- 18129609
TI  - Raman spectra of acetals.

PMID- 18129610
TI  - The photochemical degradation of polystyrene.

PMID- 18129611
TI  - The heats of combustion of five aromatic amines.

PMID- 18129612
TI  - Some fundamental studies of electrolytes and electrochemical couples over the
      temperature range 25 degrees C. to 75 degrees C.

PMID- 18129613
TI  - An analysis of reactions in three-phase-state spaces in three-component systems.

PMID- 18129614
TI  - Hydrogen over-potential and the partial inhibition of the corrosion of iron.

PMID- 18129615
TI  - The viscosity of compressed gases.

PMID- 18129617
TI  - Diffusion and activation control in heterogeneous reactions.

PMID- 18129616
TI  - Polarographic behavior of aromatic nitro compounds; mononitro compounds.

PMID- 18129618
TI  - Pocket elimination by electro-surgery.

PMID- 18129619
TI  - The Sherer spring lock attachment.

PMID- 18129620
TI  - The Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

PMID- 18129621
TI  - Endodontia and tooth conservation.

PMID- 18129622
TI  - Pathology of radiation of interest to the dentist.

PMID- 18129623
TI  - Dental care for Canada's children.

PMID- 18129624
TI  - Gold foil; the class five restoration.

PMID- 18129625
TI  - Full denture construction and duplicate dentures.

PMID- 18129626
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129627
TI  - Some dental aspects of maxillo-facial injuries.

PMID- 18129628
TI  - How to prevent and control tooth decay.

PMID- 18129629
TI  - A more efficient toothbrush head.

PMID- 18129630
TI  - The problem of occlusion in the general practice of dentistry.

PMID- 18129631
TI  - Alloy restoration of distal cavities of cuspids.

PMID- 18129632
TI  - Dermatitis caused by local anesthetic solutions.

PMID- 18129633
TI  - An evaluation of caries control methods.

PMID- 18129634
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129635
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129637
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129636
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129638
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129639
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129640
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129641
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129642
TI  - Tickbite granuloma.

PMID- 18129643
TI  - Reaction of psoriasis following use of gamma globulin.

PMID- 18129644
TI  - Cutaneous cryptococcosis; a survey of cryptococcus on normal and pathologic skin.

PMID- 18129645
TI  - Additional studies on psoriasis in the tropics and in starvation camps.

PMID- 18129646
TI  - Species of Aloe (other than Aloe vera) in the treatment of roentgen dermatitis.

PMID- 18129647
TI  - Contact dermatitis due to procaine; a common occupational disease of dentists.

PMID- 18129648
TI  - Measurement of pain threshold and superficial hyperalgesia in diseases of the
      skin.

PMID- 18129649
TI  - Some difficulties encountered in histological staining.

PMID- 18129650
TI  - Silicone surfaces and blood clotting.

PMID- 18129651
TI  - Observations in over 45,000 pregnancy tests.

PMID- 18129652
TI  - The use of caronamide in penicillin therapy; case report.

PMID- 18129653
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129654
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129655
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129656
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129657
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129658
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129659
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129660
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129661
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129662
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129663
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129664
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129665
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129666
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129667
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129668
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129669
TI  - Clinical experience with a new modified protamine insulin (NPH-50).

PMID- 18129670
TI  - Diagnostic difficulties in rectosigmoid lesions.

PMID- 18129671
TI  - Leiomyoma of the rectum.

PMID- 18129672
TI  - Cellulose esters in the treatment of constipation.

PMID- 18129673
TI  - Chronic duodenal ulcer; hemorrhage due to trauma.

PMID- 18129674
TI  - Dry feedings in gastric motor delay.

PMID- 18129675
TI  - Captivity psychoses among prisoners of war.

PMID- 18129676
TI  - The sexual psychopath and the law.

PMID- 18129677
TI  - Validity of the admission-confession distinction for purposes of admissibility.

PMID- 18129678
TI  - The mortality of the sheriff.

PMID- 18129679
TI  - Medicolegal aspects of conflagrations.

PMID- 18129680
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129681
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129682
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129683
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129684
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129685
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129686
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129687
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129688
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129689
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129691
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129690
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129692
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129693
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129694
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129696
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129695
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129697
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129698
TI  - Genetic particles.

PMID- 18129699
TI  - Modern calculating machines.

PMID- 18129700
TI  - Recent developments in the chemistry of perfumes.

PMID- 18129701
TI  - Problems relating to the removal of DDT spray residue from apples.

PMID- 18129702
TI  - Further studies in synthetic polypeptides.

PMID- 18129703
TI  - Organisms producing antibiotics in tropical soils.

PMID- 18129704
TI  - Distribution of ribonucleic acid in the cytoplasm of growing cells studied with
      phosphorus-32.

PMID- 18129705
TI  - Potassium and neuromuscular transmission.

PMID- 18129706
TI  - Nature of the action of emetine upon Entamoeba histolytica.

PMID- 18129708
TI  - Measurement of the adsorption of surface-active agent at a solution-air interface
      by a radiotracer method.

PMID- 18129707
TI  - Use of wetting agents against heat and undergrowth fires.

PMID- 18129709
TI  - Quantitative chromatographic analysis of tetra-, tri- and di-methyl fructoses.

PMID- 18129710
TI  - Inelastic scattering of protons by magnesium and aluminium.

PMID- 18129711
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129712
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129713
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129714
TI  - The electronic structures of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

PMID- 18129715
TI  - The spectral response of a phosphor to infra-red radiation.

PMID- 18129716
TI  - Organization of industrial research.

PMID- 18129717
TI  - Violin research.

PMID- 18129718
TI  - Permanent orientation of dyestuff molecules caused by illumination.

PMID- 18129719
TI  - Estimation of soaps and ionized detergents.

PMID- 18129720
TI  - Structure of alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon benzene hexachloride.

PMID- 18129721
TI  - New York begins work on a city for the sick.

PMID- 18129722
TI  - SERUM that will save Europe's children.

PMID- 18129723
TI  - Phyletic size increase, an important trend illustrated by fossil invertebrates.

PMID- 18129724
TI  - Mammalian evolution in the Quaternary of southern and eastern Asia.

PMID- 18129725
TI  - The role of sexual selection as an isolating mechanism in three species of
      poeciliid fishes.

PMID- 18129726
TI  - Interspecific matings between Colias eurytheme and Colias philodice in wild
      populations.

PMID- 18129727
TI  - Analysis of data on sexual isolation.

PMID- 18129728
TI  - Essay-review of recent works on evolutionary theory by Rensch, Zimmermann, and
      Schindewolf.

PMID- 18129729
TI  - Chromosomes from cultures of excised anthers.

PMID- 18129730
TI  - Anodontia in hereditary ectodermal dysplasia.

PMID- 18129731
TI  - A mutation in the golden hamster.

PMID- 18129733
TI  - Silent hemolytic disease of the newborn.

PMID- 18129732
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129734
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129735
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129736
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129737
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129738
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129741
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129742
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129743
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129744
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129745
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129746
TI  - [Particular aspects of stillbirth].

PMID- 18129747
TI  - [Prognosis of fetus and newborn with eclampsia].

PMID- 18129748
TI  - [Upon suppuration of uterine fibroids; presentation of three cases with
      literature review].

PMID- 18129749
TI  - [Social work and motherhood].

PMID- 18129750
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129751
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129752
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129753
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129754
TI  - Chronic congenital aregenerative anemia (pure red-cell anemia) associated with
      iso-immunization by the blood.

PMID- 18129755
TI  - Mediterranean anemia in the Negro; a report of four cases and their families.

PMID- 18129756
TI  - A rapid slide test for heterophile antibody in infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 18129757
TI  - The parallel effects of magnesium on the complementary and coagulative activities
      of blood serum.

PMID- 18129758
TI  - The absence of the heterophile reaction in the spinal fluid in infectious
      mononucleosis.

PMID- 18129759
TI  - A factor in serum which accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin;
      its evolution with special reference to the influence of conditions which affect
      blood coagulation.

PMID- 18129760
TI  - A factor in serum which accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin;
      its relationship to the coagulation defect of thrombocytopenic blood.

PMID- 18129761
TI  - The coagulation defect in hemophilia with particular reference to the conversion
      of prothrombin to thrombin and the evolution of the prothrombin conversion
      accelerator.

PMID- 18129762
TI  - Lymphatic leukemia and lymphatic leukemoid states in cancer of the stomach.

PMID- 18129763
TI  - Lymphocytic leukemoid reaction of the blood associated with miliary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18129764
TI  - The advantages of a diabetic floor.

PMID- 18129765
TI  - Hospitals under socialized medicine.

PMID- 18129766
TI  - Women's Hospital, Flint, Mich.; the architect was blessed with a cooperative
      board.

PMID- 18129767
TI  - Principles, technics and problems of admitting patients.

PMID- 18129768
TI  - Preventive medicine begins in the hospital.

PMID- 18129769
TI  - Licensure works for the hospital.

PMID- 18129770
TI  - Look who's practicing medicine now.

PMID- 18129771
TI  - VOLUNTARY national health program.

PMID- 18129772
TI  - Observations of methylthiouracil treatment of thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 18129773
TI  - The variations in size (the lymphocyte profile) of the lymphocytes circulating in
      the blood in some normal and pathological conditions; preliminary report.

PMID- 18129774
TI  - Comparison between two Swedish influenza virus strains and virus A strain P Rs.

PMID- 18129775
TI  - The value of implantation of hypophyseal tissue in the treatment of hypophyseal
      insufficiency.

PMID- 18129776
TI  - Blood iodine and thyroid function; a study of 254 cases.

PMID- 18129777
TI  - Clinical aspects of endocardial myxoma situated in the left atrium.

PMID- 18129778
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129779
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129780
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129781
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129782
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129783
TI  - Rapid attainment of therapeutic penicillin concentrations in the cerebrospinal
      fluid.

PMID- 18129784
TI  - Effective penicillin therapy in subacute bacterial endocarditis and other chronic
      infections.

PMID- 18129785
TI  - Pericardial effusion; a constant, early and major factor in the cardiac syndrome
      of hypothyroidism (Myxedema heart).

PMID- 18129786
TI  - Some cardiological problems of the tropics.

PMID- 18129787
TI  - Thiourea compared with propylthiouracil in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 18129788
TI  - Concentrated roentgen therapy of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis.

PMID- 18129789
TI  - The transfusion of arterial hypertensive and normotensive blood into hypertensive
      subjects.

PMID- 18129790
TI  - The influence of alcohol on the intravenous galactose tolerance test.

PMID- 18129791
TI  - Prozone phenomenon in the serodiagnosis of syphilis; a clinical study.

PMID- 18129792
TI  - Recovery from uremia; a report of five cases.

PMID- 18129793
TI  - On the occurrence of herpes zoster in carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 18129794
TI  - Current trends in diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.

PMID- 18129795
TI  - The effects of jet engine noise on the cochlear response of the guinea pig.

PMID- 18129796
TI  - Isotopic studies of the biosynthesis of nucleic acid components; purines and
      pyrimidines.

PMID- 18129797
TI  - Nucleic acids and antibody production by plasma cells.

PMID- 18129798
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129799
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129800
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129801
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129802
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129803
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129804
TI  - Iron overload (hemosiderosis) aggravated by blood transfusions.

PMID- 18129805
TI  - Concurrent herpes zoster and chickenpox; report of a case.

PMID- 18129806
TI  - Disseminated coccidioidomycosis and lymphohematogenous tuberculosis; report of a
      case.

PMID- 18129807
TI  - Present status of insulin resistance; report of a case with autopsy.

PMID- 18129808
TI  - Acute renal insufficiency; a comparison of the use of an artificial kidney,
      peritoneal lavage and more conservative measures in its management.

PMID- 18129809
TI  - Colloid osmotic pressure in chronic hepatitis.

PMID- 18129810
TI  - Activity of carbon anhydrase in the blood; study of patients with dyspnea
      consequent to chronic cardiac and pulmonary disease.

PMID- 18129811
TI  - Gastroenterology; a review of the literature from July 1947 to July 1948.

PMID- 18129812
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 18129813
TI  - A review of thrombo-angiitis obliterans.

PMID- 18129814
TI  - Surgical aspects of meningitis.

PMID- 18129815
TI  - Ayerza's disease, silicosis and pulmonary bilharziasis.

PMID- 18129816
TI  - The incidence of cancer of the uterine cervix.

PMID- 18129817
TI  - Phyto-photo-dermatitis.

PMID- 18129818
TI  - The prognosis and treatment of sprue in India.

PMID- 18129819
TI  - Otitis externa granulosa.

PMID- 18129820
TI  - A bronchial suction catheter.

PMID- 18129821
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129823
TI  - MEDICINE in the new social order.

PMID- 18129822
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129824
TI  - Treatment of essential hypertension with diurbital; a report on a series of 50
      cases.

PMID- 18129825
TI  - Treatment of infected tonsils and adenoids.

PMID- 18129826
TI  - Infectious diseases of the respiratory tract.

PMID- 18129827
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129828
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129829
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129830
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129831
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129832
TI  - Some observations on the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in the adult male
      African.

PMID- 18129833
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129834
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129835
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129836
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129837
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129838
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129839
TI  - Streptomycin in the treatment of miliary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18129840
TI  - Diabetic neuropathy with Argyll-Robertson pupils; report on two cases.

PMID- 18129841
TI  - Aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva with rupture into the right ventricle; report
      of a case.

PMID- 18129842
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129843
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129844
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129845
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129846
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129847
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129848
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129849
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129850
TI  - Drug allergy.

PMID- 18129851
TI  - Pathogenesis of arterial hypertension.

PMID- 18129852
TI  - Diagnosis of cancer of the large bowel.

PMID- 18129853
TI  - Laboratory aspects of streptomycin.

PMID- 18129854
TI  - An early sign of femoral thrombosis.

PMID- 18129855
TI  - Graves' disease in children.

PMID- 18129856
TI  - Recent advances in dermatology.

PMID- 18129858
TI  - How a doctor can make a good witness.

PMID- 18129857
TI  - A case of absent vagina.

PMID- 18129859
TI  - Respiration of typhus rickettsiae.
AB  - Partially purified suspensions of typhus rickettsiae have been shown to exhibit
      metabolic activity as evidenced by consumption of oxygen and production of carbon
      dioxide in the presence of glutamate. Similar activity at a much lower rate
      occurs in the presence of pyruvate. The rate of oxygen uptake was directly
      proportional to the concentration of viable rickettsiae, as estimated by their
      toxicity for mice. Normal yolk sac suspensions prepared in the same manner showed
      only a very slight oxygen uptake under the same conditions. Glucose was not
      metabolized by the rickettsial suspensions.

PMID- 18129860
TI  - Peripheral vascular reactions in anaphylaxis of the mouse.
AB  - Pronounced vascular changes occurring in the ears and claws of mice during
      anaphylactic shock are described. Practically at once after a foreign serum (pig,
      horse, or rabbit) enters the blood stream of sensitized animals both the arterial
      and venous vessels undergo marked, local or generalized constriction in the
      organs mentioned. Usually spasm of the vessel walls occurs simultaneously in the
      arteries and veins, but it may appear first in the arteries, or occasionally in
      the veins. When venous spasm precedes arterial spasm, the true capillaries become
      distended with cells; if the reverse order holds, the ears appear bloodless.
      There is no active constriction or dilatation of capillaries; the capillary
      behavior follows passively the changes in the large vessels. Peripheral vascular
      spasm occurs while the carotid blood pressure is high, but a few minutes later,
      while this still holds true, the ear vessels begin to relax and the circulation
      is resumed. Shortly afterwards the blood pressure falls to levels far below
      normal, but the vessels remain open. If the circulation of one ear is obstructed
      while anaphylactic shock is produced, no vascular spasm occurs in it. Release of
      the obstruction during the animal's recovery results in belated constriction of
      the blood vessels of this ear although by now the vessels in the other ear are
      dilated and the general systolic blood pressure is very low. The vascular
      reactions in the ears appear to be uninfluenced by the blood pressure in the
      large vessels, and they are not a response to nervous stimuli. They are local in
      origin. The vascular changes are often not clearly perceptible in the gross but
      are plainly to be seen under a low power of the microscope. They occur in some
      sensitized mice exhibiting no manifest signs of shock, differing only in degree
      from the changes taking place when shock is severe or fatal.

PMID- 18129861
TI  - Quantitative air-borne tuberculosis in the rabbit; the cause of human type
      infection.
AB  - 1. Pulmonary tuberculosis in unselected rabbits, induced by primary quantitative
      air-borne infection with human type tubercle bacilli, may retrogress or progress.
      Some animals whose disease was in a stationary condition might have fallen into
      one of the above groups had the experiments been prolonged. 2. Within the limits
      of the observations natural resistance or susceptibility appears to be the chief
      factor in determining the course of the disease. 3. Following the development of
      the primary lesions the tuberculin reaction became positive but thereafter proved
      to be an unreliable indicator of the course of the disease. 4. Tubercle bacilli
      can be recovered from macroscopically normal lung tissue of rabbits several weeks
      after primary infection. 5. Reinfection did not induce the formation of new
      lesions nor alter the course of the disease caused by the primary infection.

PMID- 18129862
TI  - The effect of alloxan diabetes on experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis in the
      rabbit.
AB  - A comparison was made of the effects of cholesterol feeding in normal rabbits and
      in rabbits rendered persistently diabetic by means of alloxan. In the two groups
      of animals hypercholesterolemia of comparable degree was induced by the feeding
      procedure. Nevertheless, the severity of the atherosclerosis of the aorta
      produced in the diabetic rabbits was much less than in the non-diabetic control
      animals. Indeed, a large proportion of the diabetic animals presented no
      atherosclerosis whatever. There was a similar inhibition of the deposit of lipid
      substances in the liver, spleen, and adrenal glands of the diabetic rabbits. The
      inhibition of the development of experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis which
      was associated with the presence of alloxan diabetes was independent of the
      administration of alloxan per se. It was not dependent on the sex or weight of
      the animal, nor upon the daily dosage of cholesterol, the form in which it was
      administered, nor the duration of cholesterol feeding. It was also independent of
      changes in body weight occurring during the course of our experiments and of the
      actual degree of hypercholesterolemia induced by the administration of
      cholesterol. In addition, there was no gross or histological evidence of a
      morphological basis for the inhibitory effect either in the aorta or in the other
      organs in which it was observed. Only two factors were observed to be
      consistently associated with the inhibition of the expected morphological effects
      of cholesterol feeding, namely, the diabetic state and a degree of visible
      lipemia considerably greater than that observed in the control animals. The
      inhibitory effect observed in these experiments would appear to depend upon some
      as yet undetermined factor or factors implicit in the diabetic state or closely
      associated with it. The experimental data presented demonstrate clearly that
      hypercholesterolemia is not the sole factor concerned in the genesis of
      experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis, but that another factor, or factors,
      rendered inoperative in our experiments must be essential to the production of
      the arterial lesions. In view of the inhibitory effect on the development of
      experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis observed in alloxan-diabetic rabbits,
      the effect of alloxan diabetes on the retrogression of such arterial lesions was
      studied in another series of experiments. No effect on retrogression could be
      demonstrated within periods lasting up to a maximum of 4 months after the
      cessation of cholesterol feeding. The results of our two series of experiments,
      considered together, indicate that the process of deposition of lipids in the
      arterial walls is governed by factors different from those that are operative in
      the process of removal of lipids after they have been deposited. The inhibition
      of the development of experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis in alloxan
      diabetic rabbits must depend on interference with the process of deposition of
      lipids and not on a process of removal of lipids as fast as they are deposited.
      Our experimental results find no direct application to the problem of arterial
      disease in human diabetes. Nevertheless, the experimental procedures that we have
      employed provide a new basis for the design of further experiments directed
      toward the elucidation of the nature of the unknown factors that govern the
      process of lipid deposition in the walls of arteries.

PMID- 18129863
TI  - Observations on the role of the rat kidney in hypertension caused by
      desoxycorticosterone acetate.
AB  - Desoxycorticosterone acetate in pellet form was administered for 51 days to
      albino rats of the Sherman strain which also received 1 per cent saline as
      drinking water. Treatment was stopped in representative groups at 25, 37, and 51
      days so that the regression of blood pressure and renal changes could be
      observed. It was noted that both the elevation in blood pressure during treatment
      and its reversal when treatment was stopped were closely correlated with
      corresponding changes in renal mass. In the time for which the process was
      studied it did not become irreversible. Removal of both kidneys from DCA-treated
      animals aggravated the hypertension, suggesting that the kidneys are actively
      concerned with the excretion and possible inactivation of the steroid.

PMID- 18129864
TI  - Effects of proteinuria on the kidney; proteinuria, renal enlargement, and renal
      injury consequent on protracted parenteral administration of protein solutions in
      rats.
AB  - Repeated intraperitoneal injections twice daily of various proteins into young
      rats were regularly accompanied by an increase in the protein content of the
      urine, significant renal enlargement, and often some degree of renal pallor. The
      most marked changes were induced by gelatin, followed in order by human albumin
      and bovine globulin. Rat serum produced similar but less conclusive changes.
      Similar changes were not produced by equivalent amounts of urea or casein
      hydrolysate. In sections from the kidneys of animals receiving gelatin, the cells
      of the convoluted tubules appeared enlarged, and they contained clear "spaces"
      throughout the cytoplasm. The tubular cells of the animals receiving the other
      solutions were not obviously altered in size or shape, and the cytoplasmic
      changes were slight or absent. There was little evidence of increased
      multiplication of cells or of tubular dilatation in the kidneys of any of the
      groups. Changes in concentrations of plasma proteins and hemoglobin, and the
      results of preliminary studies of the injected proteins in urine and renal tissue
      following the injections, are described and their possible significance
      discussed. It appears that the renal enlargement, as well as the increase in
      proteinuria and the tubular alterations which followed the protein injections,
      might have been caused in part by effects on the kidney of protein molecules per
      se, perhaps most likely by the effects on the tubular cells of an increased
      amount of protein filtered through the glomerular membranes, rather than entirely
      by effects of products of protein digestion and metabolism reaching the kidney
      through the blood stream. In the majority of animals there was no evidence from
      the morphological or functional studies, that the prolonged and continuous
      proteinuria induced by the protein injections resulted in renal damage, unless
      the renal enlargement, and the cytoplasmic changes which occurred regularly with
      gelatin, are considered evidence of damage. Renal enlargement and proteinuria
      promptly regressed after injections were discontinued. Lesions characterized by
      severe degrees of tubular damage, possibly as a result of tubular plugging, were
      observed in some of the animals of one group receiving gelatin solution of the
      usual concentration, and dilatation of renal tubules and glomerular capsules was
      present in some other gelatin-treated animals autopsied after relatively brief
      injection periods. A description is also presented of lesions of remarkable
      character which developed in the kidneys of all the animals of one small group
      receiving homologous serum obtained from severely anoxic donors. The possible
      relationship between the renal changes in the protein-injected animals and
      certain alterations of the kidneys observed in diseases characterized by large
      amounts of protein in the urine, is considered.

PMID- 18129865
TI  - Serological studies in rheumatic fever; the phase reaction and the detection of
      autoantibodies in the rheumatic state.
AB  - 1. An attempt was made to repeat and extend various tests which have been
      presumed to demonstrate specific antigens and antibodies in rheumatic fever. 2.
      The "phase reaction" appears to be an inconstant phenomenon probably related to a
      colloidal abnormality of the serum, rather than to a specific antigen-antibody
      system. 3. No specific autoantibodies to human tissue extracts were demonstrable
      by complement fixation or by the collodion particle technique. Variable results
      were noted with the same test sera on different occasions, and positive reactions
      with control tissues and control sera were observed. 4. The possibility should be
      considered that autoantibodies are not necessarily specific for rheumatic fever
      but may be manifestations of the occurrence of a type of reaction similar to a
      biologically false positive Wassermann reaction.

PMID- 18129866
TI  - The cytology of rickettsiae.
AB  - Internal structures of rickettsiae seen with phase contrast microscopy and in the
      electron microscope contain desoxyribonucleic acid and are therefore nuclear
      structures similar to those found in bacteria. They are minute spherical bodies,
      either single as in spherical rickettsiae or varying in number from 2 to 4 in rod
      shaped forms. Occasional dumbbell-shaped chromatinic bodies are thought to
      represent these structures in the process of division. The presence of
      ribonucleic acid in the cytoplasm of rickettsiae was demonstrated with the use of
      ribonuclease and basic dyes. Rickettsiae therefore have a cellular organization
      similar to that of certain bacteria, with a clear differentiation into nuclear
      structure and cytoplasm.

PMID- 18129867
TI  - Induction of cardiac lesions, closely resembling those of rheumatic fever, in
      rabbits following repeated skin infections with group A streptococci.
AB  - Cardiac lesions, closely resembling those found in rheumatic fever, have
      developed in rabbits that sickened following multiple, successive skin infections
      with several serological types of group A streptococci.

PMID- 18129868
TI  - The structure of elastic tissue as studied with the electron microscope.
AB  - Electron microscope examination of fragmented elastic tissue obtained from fish
      swim bladder, bovine ligamentum nuchae, and aortas of various mammals, including
      man, reveals characteristically formed fibers and much amorphous material.
      Boiling in dilute acid destroys the associated collagen but does not obviously
      alter the elastic tissue. Digestion in crystalline trypsin of either boiled or
      unheated tissue from any of the above-mentioned sources causes the release of
      thin threads ranging in length from 0.1 micro to many microns. A large proportion
      of these threads are evenly and tightly coiled double helices formed from at
      least two interlacing filaments and measuring about 120 A in width. The distance
      between coils ranges from about 470 to 590 A. The individual smooth filaments,
      many of which are present in parallel pairs, measure approximately 70 A in width.
      Raising the pH of a neutral suspension of threads from ligamentum nuchae lowers
      the ratio of helical threads to uncoiled filaments, whereas lowering the pH with
      acetic acid results in clumping of threads with complete loss of identity at
      about pH 3.6. Threads and filaments obtained from all sources studied were
      destroyed in the temperature range 75-85 degrees C. at pH 7. It is concluded that
      the elastic fiber is a two component system composed of bundles of trypsin
      resistant threads of characteristic form and size plus a trypsin-sensitive, heat
      resistant "amorphous" binding matrix. The possible relationship of this structure
      to the elastic properties of the tissue is discussed.

PMID- 18129869
TI  - Saddle block anesthesia in pelvic deliveries; report of 150 cases.

PMID- 18129870
TI  - Saddle block anesthesia in obstetrics, report of 500 cases.

PMID- 18129871
TI  - Ligation of the common iliac vein for repeated pulmonary embolism; case report.

PMID- 18129872
TI  - An unusual case of nontropical sprue which responded to folic acid.

PMID- 18129873
TI  - Pneumococcal peritonitis; report of two cases.

PMID- 18129875
TI  - Varicose ulcer; essentials of successful treatment.

PMID- 18129874
TI  - The problem of defaulters in the treatment of syphilis.

PMID- 18129876
TI  - Some of the surgical problems in children.

PMID- 18129877
TI  - Neuropsychiatric and medical aspects of head injuries.

PMID- 18129878
TI  - Surgical aspects of head injuries.

PMID- 18129879
TI  - Relief of asthmatic seizures with micronized epinephrine 1:1000.

PMID- 18129880
TI  - Clinical evaluation of trimeton.

PMID- 18129881
TI  - [Antihistamines].

PMID- 18129882
TI  - [Medical problems of social organization].

PMID- 18129883
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129884
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129885
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129886
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129887
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129888
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129889
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129890
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129891
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129893
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129892
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129894
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129896
TI  - The purpuric state.

PMID- 18129895
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129897
TI  - Modern psychiatry in general practice.

PMID- 18129898
TI  - The general practitioner in rural practice.

PMID- 18129899
TI  - Early diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the prostate gland.

PMID- 18129900
TI  - The surgical treatment of malignant lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 18129901
TI  - Acute pancreatitis and the rational therapy.

PMID- 18129902
TI  - Rehabilitation in chronic disease.

PMID- 18129903
TI  - Recent advances in urology.

PMID- 18129904
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129905
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129906
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129907
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129908
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129909
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129910
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129911
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129912
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129913
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129914
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129915
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129917
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129916
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129918
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129920
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129919
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129921
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129922
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129923
TI  - A Simple blood viscosity test for thrombo-embolism; preliminary observations.

PMID- 18129924
TI  - The clinical use of aureomycin.

PMID- 18129925
TI  - Spina bifida cystica; review of 70 cases with report of a case of cervical
      meningocele.

PMID- 18129926
TI  - Prepayment plans for medical care; history and present status.

PMID- 18129927
TI  - Origin of medical service.

PMID- 18129928
TI  - [A new process of transferring digital impressions and considerations about this
      problem].

PMID- 18129929
TI  - [A case of Leydig tumor cells].

PMID- 18129930
TI  - [Lack of vitamin A activity in the oil of cashew and peanut meal].

PMID- 18129931
TI  - [Leukotomy in Norway according to the point of view of the psychiatrist].

PMID- 18129932
TI  - [Prefrontal lobotomy performed in Hungary in the last 18 months in 172 patients].

PMID- 18129933
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129934
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129935
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129936
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129937
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129938
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129939
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129940
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129941
TI  - Familial lumbo-sacral syringomyelia and the significance of developmental errors
      of the spinal cord and column.

PMID- 18129942
TI  - The post-mortem blood sugar.

PMID- 18129943
TI  - The treatment of neurosyphilis.

PMID- 18129944
TI  - Recent advances in apparatus used for electroconvulsant therapy and
      electronarcosis.

PMID- 18129945
TI  - Gold therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18129946
TI  - A ortitis caused by congenital syphilis.

PMID- 18129947
TI  - Dacryocysto-rhinostomy in an infant.

PMID- 18129948
TI  - A modern survey of alopecia areata and its treatment.

PMID- 18129949
TI  - Multidimensional treatment of mental illness.

PMID- 18129950
TI  - Ophthalmic herpes zoster with contralateral pontine lesions.

PMID- 18129951
TI  - Skin lesions produced by animal parasites.

PMID- 18129952
TI  - Education for hospitalized children.

PMID- 18129953
TI  - The school physician is a specialist.

PMID- 18129954
TI  - Medicine and the drama.

PMID- 18129955
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129956
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129957
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129958
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129959
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129960
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129961
TI  - Some responsibilities of medical education.

PMID- 18129962
TI  - Effect of the rice diet on the level of the blood pressure in essential
      hypertension.

PMID- 18129963
TI  - Aspiration of the elbow joint in the treatment of fractures of the head of the
      radius.

PMID- 18129964
TI  - Neurophysiology, 1942-1948.

PMID- 18129965
TI  - Ulcer of esophagus.

PMID- 18129966
TI  - Gonorrhea and syphilis; standards of diagnosis, treatment and follow-up study.

PMID- 18129967
TI  - Recent advances in neurology of interest to the general practitioner.

PMID- 18129968
TI  - Individualizing the transfusion.

PMID- 18129969
TI  - Beryllium poisoning; its increasing clinical importance and a report of a case of
      pulmonary granulomatosis due to beryllium.

PMID- 18129970
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129971
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129972
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129973
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129974
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129975
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129976
TI  - [Ovarian tumours with endocrine activity].

PMID- 18129977
TI  - [The prognosis of acute nephritis].

PMID- 18129978
TI  - [Treatment of injuries to the brachial plexus].

PMID- 18129979
TI  - [Some somatic investigations on schizophrenics; schizophrenia and anorexia
      nervosa].

PMID- 18129980
TI  - [The outcome of routine gynaecological examinations in a surgical department,
      with special reference to the early diagnosis of cancer uteri].

PMID- 18129981
TI  - [Roentgen treatment of hidrosadenitis axillaris].

PMID- 18129982
TI  - [Hypothalamic lesion with paroxysmal crises].

PMID- 18129983
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129984
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129985
TI  - Is state medicine desirable in the Philippines?

PMID- 18129986
TI  - A scheme of health and maternity insurance.

PMID- 18129987
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129988
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129989
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129990
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129992
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129991
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129994
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129993
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129995
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18129996
TI  - Current views concerning the nature and management of leukemia and allied
      disorders.

PMID- 18129998
TI  - Repair of radiation burns.

PMID- 18129997
TI  - The action of intravenous histamine on the blood of the hemophiliac.

PMID- 18130000
TI  - Diagnostic criteria and indications for the Papanicolaou technic of tumor
      diagnosis.

PMID- 18129999
TI  - Pathological findings in rheumatoid arthritis arising in childhood, emphasizing
      certain visceral manifestations.

PMID- 18130001
TI  - The effects of the adrenal cortical hormone 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone
      (Compound E) on the acute phase of rheumatic fever; preliminary report.

PMID- 18130002
TI  - Some observations on the hormone of the adrenal cortex designated compound E.

PMID- 18130003
TI  - The oral use of aureomycin in the treatment of late cutaneous syphilis.

PMID- 18130004
TI  - Tuberculous anal fistula with subsequent development of pulmonary tuberculosis;
      report of cases.

PMID- 18130005
TI  - [Aspects of the hospital anti-tuberculosis problem in Sao Paulo].

PMID- 18130006
TI  - [Note upon intestinal parasites in the Service of Hospital Gastroenterology
      clinics].

PMID- 18130007
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130008
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130009
TI  - Periarteritis nodosa; report of a case.

PMID- 18130010
TI  - Procaine convulsions; report of a case.

PMID- 18130011
TI  - Rupture of the uterus.

PMID- 18130012
TI  - Simultaneous malignant degeneration of polyps of the colon.

PMID- 18130013
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130014
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130015
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130016
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130017
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130019
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130018
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130020
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130022
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130021
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130023
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130024
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130025
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130026
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130027
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130028
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130029
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130030
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130031
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130032
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130033
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130034
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130035
TI  - Looking to the future in the light of the past.

PMID- 18130036
TI  - Rabies, a community problem in Texas.

PMID- 18130037
TI  - Types of positive contact orbital implants.

PMID- 18130038
TI  - Office gynecology.

PMID- 18130039
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130040
TI  - Cardiac catheterization.

PMID- 18130041
TI  - Filariasis in the South Pacific.

PMID- 18130042
TI  - Post-infectious hepatitis.

PMID- 18130043
TI  - Cold agglutinins and other tests for atypical pneumonia.

PMID- 18130044
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130045
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130046
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130047
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130048
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130049
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130050
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130051
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130053
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130054
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130052
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130055
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130056
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130057
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130058
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130059
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130061
TI  - Radiological defense.

PMID- 18130060
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130062
TI  - RECORDING of causes of death.

PMID- 18130063
TI  - WORLD War II casualties, Navy and Marine Corps.

PMID- 18130064
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130065
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130066
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130067
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130068
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130069
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130070
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130071
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130072
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130073
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130074
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130075
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130076
TI  - Research in psychiatry.

PMID- 18130077
TI  - A note on nyctophobia and peripheral vision.

PMID- 18130078
TI  - A clinical and electromyographic study of the effects of d-tubocurarine and
      belladonna alkaloids in Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 18130079
TI  - Tuberculous meningitis, treatment with streptomycin.

PMID- 18130080
TI  - Alterations in behavior after massive cerebral trauma (intraventricular foreign
      body).

PMID- 18130081
TI  - Intensive psychotherapy of manic-depressives.

PMID- 18130082
TI  - The role of the cerebral cortex in the central nervous regulation of
      cardiovascular function.

PMID- 18130083
TI  - Psychopathology and the concept of humanity on aging.

PMID- 18130084
TI  - Quantitative examination of sensibility in peripheral nerve injuries.

PMID- 18130085
TI  - The amygdaloid complex.

PMID- 18130086
TI  - Postural hypotension and peripheral neuropathy.

PMID- 18130087
TI  - An experiment in abstraction; testing form-disparity tolerance.

PMID- 18130088
TI  - Thought disturbance with reference to figure-background impairment in brain
      injured children.

PMID- 18130089
TI  - The literature on epilepsy of the past 10 years.

PMID- 18130090
TI  - Electro-encephalography and epilepsy; a review of clinical and electro
      physiological data.

PMID- 18130091
TI  - Pathophysiology of the convulsive seizure.

PMID- 18130092
TI  - Neurosurgical diagnosis and therapy of epilepsy.

PMID- 18130093
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130094
TI  - Early reversible paranoiac reactions; a detailed study of six case histories and
      eight cases.

PMID- 18130095
TI  - Effect of alpha: beta-dihdroxy-gama-(2-methylphenexy) propane on excitation of
      the motor cortex and conduction through the pyramids.

PMID- 18130096
TI  - The action of alpha: beta dihdroxy-gama-(2-methylphenoxy)-propane on peripheral
      nerves.

PMID- 18130097
TI  - Psychobiologic dysfunction in children.

PMID- 18130098
TI  - Sedative insulin treatment of anxiety in the anxiety neurosis.

PMID- 18130099
TI  - Demyelination by means of enzymes.

PMID- 18130100
TI  - Pain threshold apparatus.

PMID- 18130101
TI  - Neural metabolism in relation to function.

PMID- 18130102
TI  - Studies on the intra-ocular fluids; the penetration of certain ions into the
      aqueous humour and vitreous body.

PMID- 18130103
TI  - Diseases of the eye in relation to dental surgery.

PMID- 18130104
TI  - Concentration in the aqueous of various sulphonamides after systemic
      administration.

PMID- 18130105
TI  - The significance of ocular complications following vaccination.

PMID- 18130106
TI  - The treatment of hypopyon ulcer of the cornea.

PMID- 18130107
TI  - Injection of the retinal vascular system in enucleated eyes.

PMID- 18130108
TI  - Severe lesion of the visual path in pregnancy.

PMID- 18130109
TI  - An unusual congenital defect.

PMID- 18130110
TI  - The lacrimal strip and the precorneal film in cases of Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 18130111
TI  - Office otology.

PMID- 18130112
TI  - Stricture of the esophagus; case report.

PMID- 18130114
TI  - Surgery for high degree of monocular astigmatism.

PMID- 18130113
TI  - A new treatment for vertigo.

PMID- 18130115
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130116
TI  - Investigations of the scotopic and trichromatic mechanisms of vision by the two
      colour threshold technique.

PMID- 18130117
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130118
TI  - Basic factors in the spectral sensitivity of human vision.

PMID- 18130119
TI  - Characteristic properties of colour and colour combinations.

PMID- 18130120
TI  - The relationship between clinical psychology and audiology.

PMID- 18130121
TI  - A study of the relationship between speech thresholds and audiometric results in
      perception deafness.

PMID- 18130122
TI  - A study of the relationship between measured hearing loss and intelligibility of
      selected words.

PMID- 18130123
TI  - An experimental study of tests for the detection of auditory malingering.

PMID- 18130125
TI  - Clinical use of fiction and biography featuring stuttering.

PMID- 18130124
TI  - Home training for preschool deaf children through correspondence.

PMID- 18130126
TI  - Prostigmin and the chronic stutterer.

PMID- 18130127
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130128
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130129
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130130
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130131
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130132
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130133
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130134
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130135
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130136
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130137
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130138
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130139
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130140
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130141
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130142
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130143
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130144
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130146
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130145
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130147
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130148
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130149
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130151
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130150
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130152
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130157
TI  - Survival after transfusion of Rh-positive erythrocytes previously incubated with
      Rh antibody.

PMID- 18130163
TI  - Rapid determination of the sickle cell trait; by the use of a reducing agent.

PMID- 18130164
TI  - The photochemical production of gold sols using artificial light.

PMID- 18130165
TI  - The mass staining of paraffin sections before the removal of wax.

PMID- 18130166
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130167
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130168
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130169
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130170
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130171
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130172
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130173
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130174
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130175
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130176
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130177
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130178
TI  - Fibrosis of the pancreas in infants and children; an illustrated review of
      certain clinical features with special emphasis on the pulmonary and cardiac
      aspects.

PMID- 18130179
TI  - Injuries in childhood.

PMID- 18130180
TI  - Serotherapy in pertussis.

PMID- 18130181
TI  - Epidemic diarrhea of the newborn infant.

PMID- 18130182
TI  - Roentgen manifestations of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

PMID- 18130183
TI  - Precocius puberty.

PMID- 18130184
TI  - Effect of terminal disinfection and other factors on the stability of ascorbic
      acid in reliquefied milk products used in infant feeding.

PMID- 18130185
TI  - Embryoma of contralateral kidney 10 years following nephrectomy for Wilms' tumor.

PMID- 18130186
TI  - Bilateral optic neuritis following chicken pox; report of case with apparently
      complete recovery.

PMID- 18130187
TI  - Congenital absence of the patellae.

PMID- 18130188
TI  - Hyperinsulinism.

PMID- 18130189
TI  - Cholelithiasis in childhood.

PMID- 18130191
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130190
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130192
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130193
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130194
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130195
TI  - [Spectrophotometry of para-aminosalicylic acid].

PMID- 18130196
TI  - [Solute injections of vitamin B2, two new stabilization methods].

PMID- 18130197
TI  - [Streptomycin in the treatment of tuberculosis; summary conclusions of the
      Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association].

PMID- 18130198
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130199
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130200
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130201
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130202
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130203
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130204
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130205
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130206
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130207
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130208
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130209
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130210
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130211
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130212
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130213
TI  - Sugar-free and non-glycogenetic preparations for use by diabetic persons.

PMID- 18130214
TI  - [Pharmaceutical chemical concept of new drugs introduced in the years 1947-1948].

PMID- 18130215
TI  - Effect of increased renal venous pressure on renal function.

PMID- 18130216
TI  - Reabsorption of creatine and guanidoacetic acid by the renal tubules.

PMID- 18130217
TI  - Role of the kidney in pathogenesis of hypertension as determined by a study of
      the effects of bilateral nephrectomy and other experimental procedures on the
      blood pressure of the dog.

PMID- 18130218
TI  - Effects of emotional disturbance on water diuresis and renal blood flow in the
      rabbit.

PMID- 18130220
TI  - Enhancing effects of growth hormone on renal function.

PMID- 18130219
TI  - Response of renal blood flow and clearance to graded partial obstruction of the
      renal vein.

PMID- 18130221
TI  - Comparison of the carbohydrate effects of adrenalin infused into the femoral
      vein, carotid artery, aorta and portal vein of rats.

PMID- 18130222
TI  - Effect of hormones of the posterior pituitary on tolerance of the eviscerated rat
      for glucose.

PMID- 18130223
TI  - Effect of metabolic inhibitors on membrane potentials in the synovialis of the
      dog.

PMID- 18130224
TI  - Correlation between signs of toxicity and cholinesterase level of brain and blood
      during recovery from diisopropyl fluorophosphate poisoning.

PMID- 18130225
TI  - Factors in explosive decompression injury.

PMID- 18130226
TI  - Work performance of normal rats given continuous injections of adrenal cortex
      extracts.

PMID- 18130227
TI  - Acute hypothermia in guinea pigs.

PMID- 18130228
TI  - Measurement of experimentally induced brain swelling and shrinkage.

PMID- 18130229
TI  - Pulmonary lesions in guinea pigs with increased intracranial pressure, and the
      effect of bilateral cervical vagotomy.

PMID- 18130230
TI  - Studies in the fractionation of liver; composition of regenerating liver after
      partial hepatectomy in rats.

PMID- 18130231
TI  - Calorie intakes in relation to the quantity and quality of protein in the diet.

PMID- 18130232
TI  - Effects of atropine on food ingestion and water drinking in dogs.

PMID- 18130233
TI  - Estimation of relative velocities of plasma and red cells in the circulation of
      man.

PMID- 18130234
TI  - Tetraethylammonium as an aid in the study of cardiovascular reflexes.

PMID- 18130236
TI  - Neoplasia in cold-blooded vertebrates.

PMID- 18130235
TI  - Hemodynamics of aortic occlusion.

PMID- 18130237
TI  - Development of acute tissue damage due to cold.

PMID- 18130238
TI  - Reactions of British anti-lewisite with arsenic and other metals in living
      systems.

PMID- 18130239
TI  - [Housing, hygiene].

PMID- 18130240
TI  - [Comfort zones for inhabitants of Turkmenia in regard to acclimatization].

PMID- 18130241
TI  - [Sanitary bacteriological water analysis of springs].

PMID- 18130242
TI  - [Effect of deposits in water pipes on the quality of water and its disinfection].

PMID- 18130243
TI  - [Mechanical respirator].

PMID- 18130244
TI  - [Housing ventilation].

PMID- 18130245
TI  - [Hygienic analysis of plastic dishware].

PMID- 18130246
TI  - [Photocolorimetric method for estimation of sugar in solutions].

PMID- 18130247
TI  - [Survival of typhoid bacilli in milk].

PMID- 18130248
TI  - [Hygienic value of ventilation in class rooms].

PMID- 18130249
TI  - [Prevention of lead poisoning in gem cutting industry].

PMID- 18130250
TI  - Health centers for the city of Portsmouth.

PMID- 18130251
TI  - The strategy and tactics of health education.

PMID- 18130252
TI  - A review of indigenous malaria in Great Britain after the war of 1939-1945,
      compared with the corresponding period after the 1914-1918 war; with some
      observations of the aetiology.

PMID- 18130253
TI  - A selective medium for the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from heavily
      contaminated material.

PMID- 18130254
TI  - Streptococcal and staphylococcal skin lesions following chicken-pox.

PMID- 18130255
TI  - A difficulty experienced in the bacteriological diagnosis of paratyphoid fever in
      cases treated with sulphonamides.

PMID- 18130256
TI  - Use of yeast-phase antigens in a complement fixation test for histoplasmosis;
      preliminary results with human sera.

PMID- 18130257
TI  - Persistence of fluoroscopic screens.

PMID- 18130258
TI  - Demonstration of tubercle bacilli in sputum smears; selection of choice particles
      compared with various sodium hydroxide concentration techniques.

PMID- 18130259
TI  - Characteristics of commercial X-ray screens and films.

PMID- 18130260
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130261
TI  - Techniques for application of the betatron to medical therapy with report of one
      case.

PMID- 18130262
TI  - The role of nitrogen mustard as a systemic adjunct to the radiation therapy of
      certain malignant diseases.

PMID- 18130263
TI  - Studies on respiratory mechanics.

PMID- 18130264
TI  - Double gallbladder; roentgenographic demonstration of a case of the Y type;
      classification of accessory gallbladder.

PMID- 18130265
TI  - Co-existent benign gastric ulcer and adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

PMID- 18130266
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the jejunum; report of two cases.

PMID- 18130267
TI  - The diagnosis of spinal meningiomas and schwannomas by myelography.

PMID- 18130268
TI  - Oesteogenesis imperfecta tarda.

PMID- 18130269
TI  - Roentgenologic recognition of radiopaque sponges.

PMID- 18130270
TI  - Sterile pyuria.

PMID- 18130271
TI  - Radiation hygiene.

PMID- 18130272
TI  - Radiation chemistry.

PMID- 18130273
TI  - A note on some geometrical principles underlying beam direction.

PMID- 18130274
TI  - General consideration of rotation techniques.

PMID- 18130276
TI  - Three-dimensional dose distribution with the multiple small field technique.

PMID- 18130275
TI  - A multiple small field technique in practice.

PMID- 18130278
TI  - The use of X-ray films in beam direction for X-ray therapy.

PMID- 18130277
TI  - The results of a clinical trial of the X-ray technique described on a group of
      cases of carcinoma of the bronchus.

PMID- 18130279
TI  - A note on the Klein-Nishima formulae for the Compton scattering of photons by
      electrons, with table.

PMID- 18130280
TI  - The use of CO2 and air as antispasmodics.

PMID- 18130281
TI  - Rapid cassette changers for cerebral angiography.

PMID- 18130282
TI  - Some suggestions for handling children in the X-ray department.

PMID- 18130283
TI  - Notes on intravenous pyelography.

PMID- 18130284
TI  - Radiography in physical medicine.

PMID- 18130285
TI  - Calcium deposits in the vicinity of the shoulder and of other joints.

PMID- 18130286
TI  - Combined supraduodenal and transduodenal exploration of the common bile duct.

PMID- 18130287
TI  - Application of technics of reconstructive surgery to certain problems in general
      surgery.

PMID- 18130288
TI  - Thrombosis and embolism; the 5-year experience of a small general hospital.

PMID- 18130289
TI  - Comparison of effectiveness of newer antibiotics in experimental peritonitis; a
      preliminary report.

PMID- 18130290
TI  - The effects of intramuscular and intrathecal administration of streptomycin in
      normal dogs and in dogs with meningitis due to Escherichia coli.

PMID- 18130291
TI  - Ultraviolet radiation as an adjunct in the control of post-operative
      neurosurgical infection; clinical experience 1938-1948.

PMID- 18130292
TI  - Reduplication of the stomach; report of a case.

PMID- 18130293
TI  - The management of patients with bleeding from the upper gastro-intestinal tract
      with buffer and thrombin solution.

PMID- 18130294
TI  - An appraisal of pancreatoduodenal resection; a follow-up study of 61 cases.

PMID- 18130295
TI  - Results of treatment of patients with hypertension by total thoracic and partial
      to total lumbar sympathectomy, splanchnicectomy and celiac ganglionectomy.

PMID- 18130296
TI  - An evaluation of the treatment of essential hypertension by sympathectomy.

PMID- 18130297
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130298
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130299
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130300
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130301
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130302
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130303
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130305
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130304
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130306
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130307
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130308
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130309
TI  - Methods for preservation and transplantation of arterial grafts; observations on
      arterial grafts in dogs; report of transplantation of preserved arterial grafts
      in nine human cases.

PMID- 18130310
TI  - Testosterone propionate in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 18130311
TI  - The study of peripheral vascular disease with radioactive isotopes.

PMID- 18130312
TI  - Suture of peripheral nerves; factors affecting prognosis.

PMID- 18130313
TI  - Vascular changes of the skin in pregnancy; vascular spiders and palmar erythema.

PMID- 18130315
TI  - Carcinoma of the nasopharynx; report of 150 cases.

PMID- 18130314
TI  - Thoracic complications of amebiasis.

PMID- 18130316
TI  - Stimulation of ovarian function and induction of pregnancy through intravaginal
      implantation of estrogen pellets.

PMID- 18130317
TI  - Protein metabolic response to trauma.

PMID- 18130318
TI  - Radical pancreaticoduodenectomy; report of two cases of proved successful
      implantation of the pancreatic duct into the jejunum.

PMID- 18130319
TI  - Total pancreatectomy with report of postoperative physiologic studies.

PMID- 18130320
TI  - Partial esophagectomy with end-to-end anastomosis in the posterior mediastinum;
      an experimental study.

PMID- 18130321
TI  - Carcinoma of the cervical esophagus with one-stage total esophageal resection and
      pharyngogastrostomy.

PMID- 18130322
TI  - Intrathoracic gastroenteric cysts.

PMID- 18130323
TI  - Fate of cardiac foreign bodies.

PMID- 18130324
TI  - A new method of preventing the fatal embolus; preliminary report.

PMID- 18130325
TI  - Clinical study of the use of a synthetic detergent (phisoderm) combined with
      hexachlorophene for disinfection of the skin.

PMID- 18130326
TI  - Full thickness skin grafts in hernial repair.

PMID- 18130327
TI  - Gynecomastia in cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 18130328
TI  - Intestinal obstruction caused by a gallstone.

PMID- 18130329
TI  - Right paraduodenal hernia; with report of a case.

PMID- 18130330
TI  - Cysts of parathyroid origin; report of two cases and study of incidence and
      pathogenesis of cysts in parathyroid glands.

PMID- 18130331
TI  - Lumbar sympathectomy for arteriosclerosis obliterans; rationale and results.

PMID- 18130332
TI  - Osteochondritis dissecans of the head of the femur.

PMID- 18130333
TI  - The preoperative scout film of the chest.

PMID- 18130334
TI  - Arrhenoblastoma.

PMID- 18130335
TI  - Intravenous therapy with special consideration of parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 18130336
TI  - The measurement of the anterior obstetrical sagittal diameter.

PMID- 18130337
TI  - Employment of the mentally retarded.

PMID- 18130338
TI  - Subnormal minds are abler than you think.

PMID- 18130339
TI  - Toward mental health; a national program.

PMID- 18130340
TI  - The Rehabilitation Institute of Kansas City.

PMID- 18130341
TI  - State services to the tuberculous.

PMID- 18130342
TI  - Empyema as a complication of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18130343
TI  - Tuberculous spontaneous pneumothorax.

PMID- 18130344
TI  - The use of aureomycin in pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18130345
TI  - Question of contagion in coccidioidomycosis; study of contacts.

PMID- 18130346
TI  - Pulmonary infiltration associated with sensitivity to histoplasmin; report of a
      case.

PMID- 18130347
TI  - A correlated study of tuberculin, histoplasmin and coccidioidin sensitivities
      with pulmonary calcifications in the Rocky Mountain area.

PMID- 18130348
TI  - Tuberculous pericarditis; report of a case with a 10-year follow-up.

PMID- 18130349
TI  - Streptomycin in the treatment of tuberculous pericarditis; report of three cases.

PMID- 18130350
TI  - Streptomycin in experimental tuberculosis; effect on the pathogenesis of early
      tuberculosis in the guinea pig infected with streptomycin-sensitive H37 Rv
      tubercle bacilli.

PMID- 18130351
TI  - Streptomycin in experimental tuberculosis; effect on the pathogenesis of early
      tuberculosis in guinea pigs infected with streptomycin-resistant H37 Rv tubercle
      bacilli.

PMID- 18130352
TI  - Transitory infiltrates in the lungs with eosinophilia (Loeffler's syndrome) a
      review with the report of a case.

PMID- 18130353
TI  - Tuberculous esophago-cutaneous fistulae treated with streptomycin and
      gastrostomy; report of a case.

PMID- 18130354
TI  - Skin tuberculin reaction for the assay of tuberculin in guinea pigs.

PMID- 18130355
TI  - Inhibition of the tuberculin type reaction by antihistaminic drugs and rutin.

PMID- 18130356
TI  - Precipitin test for carbohydrate antibodies in human tuberculosis.

PMID- 18130357
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130358
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130360
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130359
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130361
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130362
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130363
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130364
TI  - On the growth of the human head from birth to the third month of life.

PMID- 18130365
TI  - Autoplastic and homoplastic transplants of the rat adrenal cortex and medulla to
      the kidney.

PMID- 18130366
TI  - Vitamin E and liver lipids in mice.

PMID- 18130367
TI  - Growth potentials and mitotic division in the sebaceous glands of the rabbit.

PMID- 18130368
TI  - Human fetal choroid plexus cells in tissue cultures.

PMID- 18130369
TI  - Anthropology from the air.

PMID- 18130370
TI  - On a form of cicatrization among the Bambara (transl.).

PMID- 18130371
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130373
TI  - Problems of the optimum catch in small whitefish lakes.

PMID- 18130372
TI  - Triple rectangular lattices.

PMID- 18130374
TI  - Studies on the toxicity of insecticide films; preliminary investigations on
      concentration-time-mortality relation.

PMID- 18130375
TI  - Laboratory breeding of Anopheles punctulatus punctulatus, Donitz.

PMID- 18130376
TI  - Glossina pallidipes and open country in the coastal area of Kenya.

PMID- 18130377
TI  - The Anopheles Tambunan, North Borneo.

PMID- 18130378
TI  - On the distribution and correct name of Oscinis pallipes, the swarming gnat of
      the Sudan.

PMID- 18130379
TI  - An experiment in control of tsetse with DDT-treated oxen.

PMID- 18130380
TI  - Studies on West African forest mosquitoes; the seasonal distribution, biting
      cycle and vertical distribution of four of the principal species.

PMID- 18130381
TI  - Adaptation of uterine blood vessels and accommodation of the products of
      conception.

PMID- 18130383
TI  - The palatine ridges of primates.

PMID- 18130382
TI  - The early development of the human vertebral column.

PMID- 18130384
TI  - Observations on the cervical mucosa of the rhesus monkey.

PMID- 18130385
TI  - Double ureters and associated renal anomalies in early human embryos.

PMID- 18130386
TI  - The vascular pattern of the endometrium of the pregnant rhesus monkey (Macaca
      mulatta).

PMID- 18130387
TI  - Two human ova of the pre-villous stage, having a developmental age of about 8 and
      9 days respectively.

PMID- 18130388
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130389
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130390
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130391
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130392
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130393
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130395
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130394
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130396
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130397
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130398
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130399
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130400
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130401
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130402
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130403
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130404
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130405
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130406
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130407
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130408
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130410
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130409
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130411
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130412
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130413
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130414
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130415
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130416
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130417
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130418
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130419
TI  - The formation of hydrogen carriers by haematin-catalyzed peroxidations; hydrogen
      carriers from certain acridine and quinoline compounds.

PMID- 18130420
TI  - Metabolism of derivatives of toluene; nuclear methyl-substituted derivatives of N
      phenylurea.

PMID- 18130424
TI  - A method for determining the sedimentation constant of material of low molecular
      weight; studies on oxidation products of insulin.

PMID- 18130425
TI  - Protease inhibitors, assay and nature of serum antiprotease.

PMID- 18130426
TI  - Protease inhibitors bacterial proteases and their inhibitors.

PMID- 18130432
TI  - The action of trypsin on insulin.

PMID- 18130433
TI  - Studies in detoxication; the fates of quinol and resorcinol in the rabbit in
      relation to the metabolism of benzene.

PMID- 18130434
TI  - Studies in detoxication, the metabolism of phenacetin (p-ethoxyacetanilide) in
      the rabbit and a further observation on acetanilide metabolism.

PMID- 18130435
TI  - Studies in detoxication; the fate of aniline in the rabbit.

PMID- 18130436
TI  - Studies in detoxication; the metabolism of p-phenetidine (p-ethoxyaniline) with
      some observations on the anisidines (methoxyanilines).

PMID- 18130437
TI  - A method for continuous graphic recording of radioactive tracer concentrations
      from various body regions simultaneously.

PMID- 18130438
TI  - The micro-estimation of benzoic and hippuric acids in biological material.

PMID- 18130439
TI  - Ancillary apparatus for chromatography.

PMID- 18130440
TI  - Investigations on urinary pregnanediol-like glucuronide; the isolation of delta16
      androsten-3(alpha)-ol from normal human male urine.

PMID- 18130442
TI  - Estimation of the antipernicious anaemia factor.

PMID- 18130441
TI  - Urinary cholesterol in cancer; chemical state of urinary cholesterol and methods
      of estimation.

PMID- 18130443
TI  - The inhibition of normal horse serum of trypsin and a proteolytic enzyme of
      Clostridium welchii type B (lambda-enzyme).

PMID- 18130444
TI  - The effect of L-glutamate on the loss of potassium ions by brain slices suspended
      in a saline medium.

PMID- 18130445
TI  - The effect of the inclusion of bracken (Pteris aquilina) in the diet of rats.

PMID- 18130446
TI  - The pyruvate oxidase system in pigeon brain and the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

PMID- 18130447
TI  - The nature of the prothrombin deficiency in dicoumarin plasma.

PMID- 18130448
TI  - A capillary method for determining the CO2 combining power of plasma.

PMID- 18130449
TI  - The molecular adsorption areas of hydrocarbon gases on charcoal.

PMID- 18130450
TI  - A new occurrence of di-methylisopelletierine.

PMID- 18130451
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130452
TI  - Use of the cathode ray oscillograph in the measurement of metal areas and the
      kinetics of electrode reactions.

PMID- 18130453
TI  - Natural variations in the isotopic content of sulphur and their significance.

PMID- 18130454
TI  - Molecular interaction in high-polymer solutions.

PMID- 18130455
TI  - The first approximate conditions for the formation of liquid crystals in
      solution.

PMID- 18130456
TI  - X-ray diffraction studies of sodium chloride-sodium bromide solid solutions.

PMID- 18130457
TI  - The adsorption of organic corrosion inhibitors on iron and steel surfaces.

PMID- 18130458
TI  - Adsorption-desorption isotherm studies of catalysts; nitrogen and stearic acid
      adsorption by supported catalysts and their components.

PMID- 18130459
TI  - Isothermal decomposition on the carbide in a carburized cobalt Fischer-Tropsch
      catalyst.

PMID- 18130460
TI  - Capillarity and surface area of charcoal.

PMID- 18130461
TI  - Dependence of the diffusion current of ytterbium on supporting electrolyte and
      pH.

PMID- 18130462
TI  - Reactions of metals in high vacua.

PMID- 18130463
TI  - The mechanisms of some elementary surface reactions.

PMID- 18130464
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130465
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130466
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130467
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130468
TI  - Post-operative treatment.

PMID- 18130469
TI  - An appreciation of silicophosphate permanent fillings.

PMID- 18130470
TI  - Oral hygiene.

PMID- 18130471
TI  - Preparation of the mouth for dentures.

PMID- 18130472
TI  - Dental cysts.

PMID- 18130473
TI  - A note on anaesthesia for apicectomy.

PMID- 18130474
TI  - Practical drugs and prescription writing for dental use.

PMID- 18130475
TI  - Differential diagnosis of oral lesions; malignancies of the oral regions.

PMID- 18130476
TI  - Giant-cell tumor of the maxilla; report of a case.

PMID- 18130477
TI  - Case report of an extraosseous adamantinoblastoma.

PMID- 18130478
TI  - Present status of knowledge concerning the etiology of periodontal disease.

PMID- 18130479
TI  - Dental, oral, and general causes of speech pathology.

PMID- 18130480
TI  - Intravenous pentothal sodium anesthesia in oral surgery and exodontia.

PMID- 18130481
TI  - Etiology and control of the gagging reflex in the practice of intraoral
      roentgenography.

PMID- 18130482
TI  - So-called eosinophilic granuloma of the ribs and jaws associated with visceral
      (pulmonary) involvement characteristic of xanthomatosis.

PMID- 18130483
TI  - Adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the mandible.

PMID- 18130484
TI  - Osteogenesis imperfecta and odontogenesis imperfecta.

PMID- 18130485
TI  - The efficacy of various drugs against Monilia albicans isolated from the root
      canal of an infected pulpless tooth.

PMID- 18130486
TI  - The healing of phenolized pulp exposures.

PMID- 18130487
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130488
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130490
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130489
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130491
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130492
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130493
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130494
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130495
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130496
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130498
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130497
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130499
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130501
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130500
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130502
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130503
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130504
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130505
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130506
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130507
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130508
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130509
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130510
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130511
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130512
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130513
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130514
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130515
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130516
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130517
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130518
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130519
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130520
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130521
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130522
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130523
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130524
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130525
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130526
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130527
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130528
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130529
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130530
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130532
TI  - Some recent advances in technique for drying from the frozen state.

PMID- 18130531
TI  - Phonic motors for quartz clocks.

PMID- 18130533
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130534
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130535
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130536
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130537
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130538
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130539
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130540
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130541
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130542
TI  - Liquid and frozen egg; viscosity, baking quality, and other measurements on
      frozen egg products.

PMID- 18130543
TI  - The thiamine and riboflavin content of Manitoba grown wheat, oats, and barley of
      the 1946 crop.

PMID- 18130544
TI  - A simple electrical meter for estimating the moisture content of grain.

PMID- 18130545
TI  - Report on 35 drugs and three plant materials tested against Plasmodium lophurae
      in the white Pekin duck.

PMID- 18130546
TI  - The use of vertebrae as indicators of the age of the northern black bullhead
      Ameiurusm. melas (Rafinesque).

PMID- 18130547
TI  - New evidence on the structure of some proteins from measurements with polarized
      infra-red radiation.

PMID- 18130548
TI  - High-energy electron accelerators as pulsed neutron sources.

PMID- 18130549
TI  - Absorption of 12.5-mm. wave-length electromagnetic radiation in supercooled
      water.

PMID- 18130550
TI  - Drug-resistance shown by trypanosomes following antrycide treatment.

PMID- 18130551
TI  - Influence of streptomycin and mineral salts in the action of ribonuclease.

PMID- 18130552
TI  - The histochemical test for alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 18130553
TI  - Preparation of ferric succinate jellies.

PMID- 18130554
TI  - Aerobic metabolism in nematode parasites of the alimentary tract.

PMID- 18130555
TI  - Symptomatology of virus diseases induced in cacao by 2-4, D treatment.

PMID- 18130556
TI  - Effect of light on the combustion of hydrocarbons.

PMID- 18130557
TI  - The natural occurrence of redleg, Pseudomonas hydrophila, in a population of
      American toads, Bufo americanus.

PMID- 18130561
TI  - The stimulant involved in the germination of Striga hermonthica.

PMID- 18130562
TI  - Metabolic changes which form the basis of a microbiological assay of nicotinic
      acid.

PMID- 18130563
TI  - Contractile tissues in the mammary gland, with special reference to myoepithelium
      in the goat.

PMID- 18130564
TI  - Some antigenic properties of mammalian spermatozoa.

PMID- 18130565
TI  - Weismann's ring and the control of tyrosinase activity in the larva of Calliphora
      erythrocephala.

PMID- 18130566
TI  - A new method for the study of cell division and cell extension with some
      preliminary observations on the effect of temperature and of nutrients.

PMID- 18130567
TI  - The mechanics of crossing-over.

PMID- 18130568
TI  - The route of antibodies passing from the maternal to the foetal circulation in
      rabbits.

PMID- 18130569
TI  - Scientific periodicals published in China.

PMID- 18130571
TI  - SUNLIGHT heats this house.

PMID- 18130570
TI  - The distribution of the Rh factor among Chinese.

PMID- 18130572
TI  - The literature of atomic energy of the past decade.

PMID- 18130573
TI  - Radio astronomy.

PMID- 18130574
TI  - Plants and vegetation as exhaustible resources.

PMID- 18130576
TI  - Clover-leaf tongues.

PMID- 18130575
TI  - A color-blind mother and son.

PMID- 18130577
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130578
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130579
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130580
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130581
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130582
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130583
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130584
TI  - [Nicotinic acid-potassium and calcium in normal pregnancy and gestosis].

PMID- 18130585
TI  - [The reaction Hanger (proof of cephalin-cholesterol flocculation of the emulsion)
      in obstetrics].

PMID- 18130586
TI  - [Contribution to the study of copper sulphate gravimetric method for the
      determination of hemoglobin, hematocrit and total protein of plasma in obstetrics
      and obstetrical-gynecological interventions].

PMID- 18130587
TI  - [Clinical considerations on the possible functional independence of the two
      uterine horns in pregnant duplicated uteri].

PMID- 18130588
TI  - [Influence of parenteral and local administration of streptomycin on Doderlein's
      Vaginal Bacillus].

PMID- 18130589
TI  - [Dermoid cyst suppurativa in puerperium].

PMID- 18130590
TI  - [Contribution to the study of adnexal torsion].

PMID- 18130591
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130592
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130593
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130594
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130595
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130596
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130598
TI  - National health plans; now there are three.

PMID- 18130597
TI  - Experiment with a new plan for split-shift nursing.

PMID- 18130599
TI  - The Effingham fire; three lines of defense against fire tragedy.

PMID- 18130600
TI  - A record for the recovery room.

PMID- 18130601
TI  - Activating a pilot clinic for psychiatric care.

PMID- 18130603
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130602
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130604
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130605
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130606
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130607
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130608
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130609
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130610
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130611
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130612
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130613
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130614
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130615
TI  - BRITISH practice in dealing with unhealthy conditions of work.

PMID- 18130616
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130617
TI  - The use of beryllium in New York State.

PMID- 18130618
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130620
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130619
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130621
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130622
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130623
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130624
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130625
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130626
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130627
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130628
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130629
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130630
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130631
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130632
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130633
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130634
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130635
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130636
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130637
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130638
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130639
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130640
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130641
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130642
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130643
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130644
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130645
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130646
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130647
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130648
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130649
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130650
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130651
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130652
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130654
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130653
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130655
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130656
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130657
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130659
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130658
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130660
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130661
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130662
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130663
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130665
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130664
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130666
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130667
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130668
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130669
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130670
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130671
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130672
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130673
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130674
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130675
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130676
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130677
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130678
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130679
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130680
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130681
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130682
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130683
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130685
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130686
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130684
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130687
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130688
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130689
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130690
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130691
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130692
TI  - Gastric polyps.

PMID- 18130693
TI  - Urography in closed or sub-parietal kidney injuries.

PMID- 18130694
TI  - Periodic disease; a case of intermittent fever, splenomegaly and leukopenia of 11
      years duration.

PMID- 18130695
TI  - Apraxia; anatomical and clinical considerations.

PMID- 18130696
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130698
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130697
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130699
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130700
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130701
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130702
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130704
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130705
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130707
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130706
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130708
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130709
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130710
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130711
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130712
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130713
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130714
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130715
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130716
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130717
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130718
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130719
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130720
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130721
TI  - Iron metabolism in pregnancy.

PMID- 18130722
TI  - Trends in hospital care.

PMID- 18130723
TI  - Headache as seen by the otolaryngologist with special reference to the use of
      cafergone-E.C. 110 ergotamine tartrate and caffeine for the relief of attacks.

PMID- 18130724
TI  - Intestinal obstruction during pregnancy.

PMID- 18130725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130727
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130726
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130728
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130729
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130730
TI  - The genesis of peptic ulceration.

PMID- 18130731
TI  - Clubbing of the fingers.

PMID- 18130732
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130733
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130734
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130735
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130736
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130737
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130738
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130740
TI  - [Updated critical summary on the etiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic
      approach in hyperpyrexia and hypertensive states].

PMID- 18130739
TI  - [Concerning the pathogenesis and etiology of pulmonary infiltrates with
      eosinophilia sanguanea fleeting; sandroma of Loffler (transl.)].

PMID- 18130741
TI  - [Some considerations about megaesophagus, the purpose of two operated cases].

PMID- 18130742
TI  - [A case of Crohn's disease].

PMID- 18130743
TI  - [Rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder coexisting with complete bilateral ureteral
      duplication].

PMID- 18130744
TI  - [A sketch of the history of chemotherapy].

PMID- 18130745
TI  - [A new selector for all ECG leads].

PMID- 18130746
TI  - [The athlete's foot from the scalp of adults, a case report of cicatricial
      alopecia].

PMID- 18130747
TI  - [The consequences of sensibilisation by local sulfamidotherapy].

PMID- 18130748
TI  - [A case of xeroderma pigmentosum].

PMID- 18130749
TI  - [Cyst of the pancreas, excision of a true cyst].

PMID- 18130750
TI  - [Intestinal parasites in Portuguese Guinea].

PMID- 18130751
TI  - [New cases of typhoid fever in children treated by intravenous vacinoterapia].

PMID- 18130752
TI  - [A radiograph of the wrist as an element of diagnosis in orthodontics].

PMID- 18130753
TI  - [Genital tuberculosis in women, frequency, etiology, pathology and
      pathophysiology].

PMID- 18130754
TI  - [Traumatic injuries of the spine, the blockade of articular apophyses
      complicating fracture-dislocation of the dorsolumbar spine].

PMID- 18130755
TI  - [Orthopedic surgery; the grounds, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries].

PMID- 18130756
TI  - [Apropos of a case of kyphoscoliosis due to congenital malformations of the
      spine].

PMID- 18130757
TI  - [Contribution to the treatment of sinus suppuration des macilares nebulisada with
      penicillin].

PMID- 18130758
TI  - [The encephalitis in oto-rhinology].

PMID- 18130759
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130760
TI  - [General notions upon fractures and their nursing care].

PMID- 18130761
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130762
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130763
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130764
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130765
TI  - Clinical features and laboratory diagnosis of XK or mite-borne typhus as observed
      in 102 cases in the Barrackpore area.

PMID- 18130766
TI  - The breeding and maintenance of Trombicula deliensis in the laboratory for
      experimental purposes.

PMID- 18130767
TI  - Transmission of Rickettsia orientalis by the bite of the larvae of Trombicula
      diliensis.

PMID- 18130768
TI  - Typhus in Calcutta.

PMID- 18130769
TI  - A case of infantile diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18130770
TI  - Epidemiological observations on XK or mite-borne typhus in Barrackpore, Bengal.

PMID- 18130771
TI  - Variation in the risk of sickness from certain common infectious diseases with
      increase in the size of the household.

PMID- 18130772
TI  - The time of decision.

PMID- 18130773
TI  - Myocardial insufficiency; mechanisms and management with data on a new and safer
      mercurial diuretic.

PMID- 18130774
TI  - The doctor and the new international list of diseases and causes of death.

PMID- 18130775
TI  - Effect of urecholine on the stomach, intestine and urinary bladder.

PMID- 18130776
TI  - Roentgentherapy in cancer of the hypopharynx.

PMID- 18130777
TI  - The role of biophysics in medical education.

PMID- 18130778
TI  - Teaching of neurology.

PMID- 18130779
TI  - Group interviewing as a method of evaluating applicants for medical school.

PMID- 18130780
TI  - The young physician anatomist in medical education and research.

PMID- 18130781
TI  - EVALUATION of foreign medical credentials.

PMID- 18130782
TI  - Primary intracranial tumors in childhood.

PMID- 18130783
TI  - Congestive heart failure.

PMID- 18130784
TI  - [Problems of social organization of medicine].

PMID- 18130785
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130786
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130787
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130788
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130789
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130790
TI  - Surgical problems in urinary lithiasis.

PMID- 18130791
TI  - The public health approach to our nutrition problems.

PMID- 18130792
TI  - Some present concepts, practices, and trends in public health administration in
      the United States.

PMID- 18130793
TI  - Observations on hookworm anemia in the North General Hospital.

PMID- 18130795
TI  - The management of sterility in the Bontoc Hospital.

PMID- 18130794
TI  - Dermoid cyst of the urinary bladder with calculus; a case report.

PMID- 18130796
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130797
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130798
TI  - The early history of cholecystography.

PMID- 18130799
TI  - Ruptured aortic aneurysm with retropleural hemorrhage.

PMID- 18130800
TI  - Penetrating wounds of the chest.

PMID- 18130801
TI  - The significance of pneumoperitoneum in perforated gastroduodenal ulcer.

PMID- 18130802
TI  - Dystrophia myotonica; a case report.

PMID- 18130803
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130804
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130806
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130805
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130807
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130808
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130809
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130810
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130811
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130812
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130813
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130814
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130815
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130816
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130818
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130817
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130819
TI  - Curare.

PMID- 18130820
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130821
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130822
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130824
TI  - Blood transfusion; the indications its technique and dangers.

PMID- 18130823
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130825
TI  - The examination of bloodstains.

PMID- 18130826
TI  - The present status of the blood coagulation problem.

PMID- 18130827
TI  - The laboratory diagnosis of anaemia.

PMID- 18130828
TI  - Chinese dentistry.

PMID- 18130829
TI  - The historical background of medicine.

PMID- 18130830
TI  - Pulmonary infarction and anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 18130832
TI  - Psychosomatic aspects of paediatrics.

PMID- 18130831
TI  - Psychosomatic aspects of general medicine.

PMID- 18130833
TI  - The diagnosis of eighth nerve tumour.

PMID- 18130834
TI  - Four and twenty blackbirds.

PMID- 18130835
TI  - Tumours of the naso-pharynx.

PMID- 18130836
TI  - Psychiatric reflections.

PMID- 18130838
TI  - The relativity of the degree of disease; its diagnostic significance in diseases
      of organs of the upper abdomen.

PMID- 18130837
TI  - The treatment of migraine.

PMID- 18130839
TI  - Attitudes versus atoms.

PMID- 18130840
TI  - Do women need protection?

PMID- 18130841
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130842
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130843
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130844
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130845
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130846
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130847
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130848
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130849
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130850
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130851
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130852
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130853
TI  - The portacaval shunt for the relief of portal hypertension.

PMID- 18130854
TI  - Myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 18130855
TI  - Cervical plexus block, brachial plexus block and stellate ganglion block;
      techniques utilizing soft tissue as landmarks.

PMID- 18130857
TI  - Clinical review of endometriosis.

PMID- 18130856
TI  - The surgical treatment of intractable dysmenorrhea.

PMID- 18130858
TI  - The recognition of the early manifestations of rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18130859
TI  - The metabolism of the radioactive elements created by nuclear fission.

PMID- 18130860
TI  - The radiation syndrome.

PMID- 18130861
TI  - Eosinophilia during intensive gold therapy.

PMID- 18130862
TI  - Neurophysiology, 1942-1948.

PMID- 18130863
TI  - Mucocele of large bowel due to strictures in ulcerative colitis of defunctioned
      bowel.

PMID- 18130864
TI  - Death due to conflagration.

PMID- 18130866
TI  - CARE (The) of hand injuries; lacerated wounds.

PMID- 18130865
TI  - Advances in the treatment of diseases of the chest.

PMID- 18130867
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130868
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130869
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130870
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130871
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130872
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130873
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130874
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130875
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130876
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130877
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130878
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130879
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130880
TI  - [Complications of gonadotropin therapy in ovarian insufficiency].

PMID- 18130881
TI  - [Manifest haemorrhage from gastric ulcers].

PMID- 18130882
TI  - [Localization and results of treatment of peptic ulcers].

PMID- 18130883
TI  - [Ulcerative colitis in children].

PMID- 18130884
TI  - [The serum lipoid level in children].

PMID- 18130885
TI  - [The risk of inoculation hepatitis in connection with blood-sampling].

PMID- 18130886
TI  - [Ovarian rupture in amenorrhoea patient treated with gonadotropins].

PMID- 18130887
TI  - [Types of intussusception in the ileocaecal region, not disinvaginated by the
      barium enema method].

PMID- 18130888
TI  - [Subphrenic abscess in gastric carcinoma].

PMID- 18130889
TI  - [Perforation of the stomach by fishbone].

PMID- 18130890
TI  - [Traumatic so-called delayed splenic rupture].

PMID- 18130891
TI  - [Endometriosis of the ureter].

PMID- 18130893
TI  - [Concerning the therapy of headache with diluted solutions of adrenaline].

PMID- 18130892
TI  - [The effect of curare on spastic and similar conditions].

PMID- 18130894
TI  - [Streptomycin tuberculosis of the pharynx and bronchi; toxic effect on the
      acoustic nerve].

PMID- 18130895
TI  - [Acute and chronic barbiturate poisoning].

PMID- 18130896
TI  - [Complications of intraosseous therapy].

PMID- 18130897
TI  - [The importance of liver biopsy in differential diagnosis, especially in
      connection with operation].

PMID- 18130899
TI  - [Surface-active invert soaps administered intraperitoneally].

PMID- 18130898
TI  - [Stilbamidine in multiple myeloma].

PMID- 18130900
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130901
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130902
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130903
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130904
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130905
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130906
TI  - Adequate pelvicephalometry.

PMID- 18130907
TI  - Subarachnoid hemorrhage; report of three cases.

PMID- 18130908
TI  - Subtotal phalangectomy for relief of painful clavus.

PMID- 18130909
TI  - Eye injuries.

PMID- 18130910
TI  - The management of rheumatic heart disease.

PMID- 18130911
TI  - [Surgery of cancer of the uterus cervix].

PMID- 18130912
TI  - [Congenital atresia of the sigmoid and rectum].

PMID- 18130913
TI  - The present status of corneal grafting.

PMID- 18130914
TI  - Malignant lesions of nasal fossae and sinuses; diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 18130915
TI  - Reduction of mortality in surgery of aged.

PMID- 18130916
TI  - Contrasting methods in the management of uterine malignancy.

PMID- 18130917
TI  - Intestinal intubation in the field of pediatrics.

PMID- 18130918
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130919
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130920
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130921
TI  - Cytohistologic examination of bronchial secretions in the diagnosis of
      bronchiogenic carcinoma.

PMID- 18130922
TI  - The cytology of vaginal secretions.

PMID- 18130923
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130924
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130925
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130926
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130927
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130928
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130929
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130930
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130931
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130932
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130933
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130934
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130935
TI  - Brucellotic osteomyelitis of man and animal.

PMID- 18130936
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130937
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130939
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130938
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130940
TI  - Arthrodesis of the hip for tuberculosis; a comparison of the ilio-femoral and
      ischio-femoral methods.

PMID- 18130941
TI  - Some modern concepts of pinworm infection with data on the incidence among
      Indiana residents.

PMID- 18130942
TI  - Herniated cervical nucleus pulposis.

PMID- 18130943
TI  - Decubitus ulcers; cause, prevention, and cure.

PMID- 18130944
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130945
TI  - Respiratory and metabolic disturbances and their laboratory differentiation.

PMID- 18130946
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of epinephrine and of an epinephrine-like
      substance which can be obtained from autolyzing adrenal glands.

PMID- 18130947
TI  - Suppression and facilitation; a review.

PMID- 18130948
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130949
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130950
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130951
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130952
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130953
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130954
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130955
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130956
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130957
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130958
TI  - [Contribution study of endocrine allergy; in connection with two cases of
      allergic rhinitis with probable sensitization to hormonal factors].

PMID- 18130959
TI  - [Dosage of blood proteins; modification of the Kjeldahl technique by substituting
      soda causitica with sodium carbonate].

PMID- 18130960
TI  - [Simultaneous lesions of the skin and pubic hair caused by minor Trichosporon].

PMID- 18130961
TI  - [Psychology of everyday facts, the role of latrine].

PMID- 18130962
TI  - [Nutrition service in general hospitals].

PMID- 18130963
TI  - [Incidence of helminthiasis in the military hospital of Recife].

PMID- 18130964
TI  - [Pneumotropic viruses; ornithosis and psittacosis viruses].

PMID- 18130965
TI  - [Helminths and helminthiasis].

PMID- 18130966
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130967
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130968
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130969
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130970
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130971
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130972
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130973
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130975
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130974
TI  - [Diagnosis of schistosomiasis by intradermal antigens with schistosomiasis
      adults].

PMID- 18130976
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130977
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130978
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130979
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130980
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130981
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130982
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130983
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130985
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130984
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130986
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130987
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130988
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130989
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130990
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130991
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130992
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130993
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130994
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130995
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130996
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130997
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130998
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18130999
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131000
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131001
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131002
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131003
TI  - A psychiatrist looks at compulsory health insurance.

PMID- 18131004
TI  - Trauma as alleged cause of appendicitis in compensation cases.

PMID- 18131005
TI  - Fluid, electrolyte and protein balance in the surgical patient.

PMID- 18131006
TI  - The role of the federal government in the national cancer program.

PMID- 18131007
TI  - The British story, first hand.

PMID- 18131008
TI  - Meckel's diverticulum.

PMID- 18131009
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131010
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131011
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131012
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131013
TI  - [Middle lobectomy].

PMID- 18131014
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131015
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131017
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131016
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131018
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131019
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131020
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131021
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131022
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131023
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131024
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131025
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131026
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131027
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131028
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131029
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131031
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131030
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131032
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131033
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131034
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131035
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131036
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131037
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131038
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131039
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131041
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131040
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131042
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131043
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131044
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131045
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131046
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131047
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131048
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131049
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131050
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131051
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131052
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131053
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131054
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131055
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131056
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131057
TI  - A concept of cerebral palsy and some of its problems.

PMID- 18131058
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131059
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131060
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131061
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131062
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131063
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131065
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131064
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131066
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131067
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131068
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131069
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131070
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131071
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131072
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131073
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131074
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131076
TI  - Pedunculated growth of the faucial tonsil.

PMID- 18131075
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131077
TI  - Venereal disease and the West African in London.

PMID- 18131078
TI  - Improvisations.

PMID- 18131079
TI  - Some pathological aspects of tuberculous meningitis treated with streptomycin.

PMID- 18131080
TI  - Massive and generalized oedema occurring in two cases of lobar pneumonia under
      sulphonamide and penicillin therapy.

PMID- 18131081
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131082
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131083
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131084
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131085
TI  - Operative treatment of club-foot in older children and adults.

PMID- 18131086
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131087
TI  - On the subject of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder.

PMID- 18131089
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131090
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131088
TI  - On the chlorine content of human muscle and skeletal tissue, with special
      reference to the degeneration of cartilage.

PMID- 18131091
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131092
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131093
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131094
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131095
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131096
TI  - [Sechehaye, M. A. The symbolic realization, new method of psychotherapy applied
      to a case of schizophrenia.].

PMID- 18131098
TI  - Histological studies on nerve elements and their endings at the epithelial cells
      of the gastric mucosa.

PMID- 18131097
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131099
TI  - The central tegmental tract.

PMID- 18131100
TI  - The prenatal growth of the brain and of its parts and of the spinal cord in the
      dog.

PMID- 18131101
TI  - Certain olfactory centers of the forebrain of the giant panda (Ailuropoda
      melanoleuca).

PMID- 18131102
TI  - Connections between orbital cortex and diencephalon in the macaque.

PMID- 18131103
TI  - Synchronization of spontaneous electrical activity of cerebrum by barbiturate
      narcosis.

PMID- 18131104
TI  - Response of mammalian vestibular neurons to horizontal rotation and caloric
      stimulation.

PMID- 18131105
TI  - Characteristics of electrical activity of human corpus striatum and neighboring
      structures.

PMID- 18131106
TI  - An electromyographic study of spasticity.

PMID- 18131107
TI  - Effects of changes in ionic environment on action potential of a sympathetic
      ganglion.

PMID- 18131108
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131109
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131110
TI  - Monobalism and psychosis.

PMID- 18131111
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131112
TI  - Some dynamics in fetishism.

PMID- 18131113
TI  - Dreams following intercourse.

PMID- 18131114
TI  - Detective stories and the primal scene.

PMID- 18131115
TI  - Remarks on the comic process and beauty.

PMID- 18131116
TI  - Psychologic tension and serum iodine levels in psychiatric patients without
      evidence of thyroid disease.

PMID- 18131118
TI  - Sex-hormone relationships in schizophrenic men.

PMID- 18131117
TI  - A study of pituitary-adrenocortical function in normal and psychotic men.

PMID- 18131119
TI  - Relation between certain finger volume changes, electroencephalographically
      manifested brain activity, and psychopathologic reactions.

PMID- 18131120
TI  - Mental hygiene in a general hospital.

PMID- 18131122
TI  - Personality integration levels.

PMID- 18131121
TI  - Psychogenic sneezing and yawning.

PMID- 18131123
TI  - Further study of suicidal configurations in Rorschach records.

PMID- 18131124
TI  - A projective-motor test for personality analysis.

PMID- 18131125
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131126
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131127
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131128
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131129
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131131
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131130
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131132
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131133
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131134
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131135
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131136
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131137
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131138
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131139
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131140
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131141
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131142
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131143
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131144
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131145
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131146
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131147
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131148
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131149
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131151
TI  - On glandular structures at the corneo-scleral junction in man and swine; the so
      called Manz' glands.

PMID- 18131150
TI  - On hyaline bodies as the cause of atrophy of the optic nerve.

PMID- 18131152
TI  - Extraction of non-magnetic, intraocular foreign bodies; some experiences with
      Larsson's method.

PMID- 18131153
TI  - Chemotherapy in perforating injuries of the eye.

PMID- 18131154
TI  - The effect of weather upon some ophthalmological diseases.

PMID- 18131156
TI  - A further support to the hypothesis that Ascher's aqueous veins contain aqueous
      humor.

PMID- 18131155
TI  - The increasing frequency of diabetic retinopathy.

PMID- 18131157
TI  - Experiences with the Stenius-Ribbing localizer.

PMID- 18131158
TI  - A comparative study with the Gullstrand-Carles photoptometer and the Comberg
      nyctometer.

PMID- 18131159
TI  - Facial and eye prostheses after resection for tumour of the upper jaw and
      preliminary odontologic treatment.

PMID- 18131160
TI  - Observations on the classification of changes in the eye grounds in hypertensive
      diseases.

PMID- 18131161
TI  - Is scleritis (episcleritis) a symptom in hepertonia?

PMID- 18131162
TI  - On the mode of formation of the aqueous, and the regulation of the intra-ocular
      pressure.

PMID- 18131164
TI  - A technical detail in cyclodialysis.

PMID- 18131165
TI  - Observations on industrial hygiene in general.

PMID- 18131163
TI  - Experiments with penicillin.

PMID- 18131166
TI  - Experiments aiming at the treatment of squint amblyopia with medicaments.

PMID- 18131167
TI  - Case of rodent ulcer of the cornea.

PMID- 18131168
TI  - [Current security technique penetrating keratoplasty].

PMID- 18131169
TI  - Visual acuity and safe driving.

PMID- 18131170
TI  - The Navy eye protection-correction program.

PMID- 18131171
TI  - Reading and eye trouble.

PMID- 18131172
TI  - Functioning of the air cell system of the mastoid process in audition.

PMID- 18131173
TI  - Symptomatic elongated styloid process; report of two cases of styloid process
      carotid artery syndrome with operation.

PMID- 18131174
TI  - Radiation therapy for conductive deafness; report of results and discussion of
      roentgen and radium irradiation.

PMID- 18131175
TI  - Hearing reeducation without the use of hearing aids; a report, analysis and
      interpretation of the results in 50 hard of hearing persons.

PMID- 18131176
TI  - Is it possible to cover the fenestra novovalis with Shrapnell's membrane? an
      anatomic study.

PMID- 18131177
TI  - Hemangioma of the ear and mastoid process; report of two cases.

PMID- 18131178
TI  - Clinical and pathologic aural findings in a case of carcinomatosis of the
      meninges.

PMID- 18131179
TI  - Squamositis, mastoiditis and squamomastoiditis.

PMID- 18131180
TI  - Effects of various degrees of protein depletion on histologic and chemical
      structure of rat liver.

PMID- 18131181
TI  - Proliferation of the epithelium of intrahepatic bile ducts in parabiotic rats
      following obstruction of the bile ducts.

PMID- 18131182
TI  - Right aortic arch with a vascular ring constricting esophagus and trachea; report
      of two cases.

PMID- 18131183
TI  - Acute lesions in weanling rats fed 4-aminopteroylglutamic acid.

PMID- 18131184
TI  - Effects of the administration of a vitamin E concentrate and of cholesterol and
      bile salt on the aorta of the rat.

PMID- 18131185
TI  - Thrombotic thrombopenic purpura caused by iodine; report of a case.

PMID- 18131186
TI  - Relations between volumes of closed hypothermal cerebral lesions and symptoms in
      rabbits.

PMID- 18131187
TI  - Effect of heat on the nutritive value of lactalbumin; chemical and morphologic
      changes.

PMID- 18131188
TI  - Cardiac hypertrophy; an immediate response to Starling's law of increased energy
      output of the heart.

PMID- 18131189
TI  - Late effects of radium and plutonium on bone.

PMID- 18131190
TI  - Benign mucoepidermoid tumor.

PMID- 18131191
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131192
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131193
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131194
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131195
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131196
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131198
TI  - Handicaps take a back seat at the hospital school.

PMID- 18131197
TI  - Physiatrist; medical coordinator.

PMID- 18131199
TI  - A public school plan for special cebral palsy classes.

PMID- 18131200
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131201
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131202
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131203
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131204
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131205
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131206
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131208
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131207
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131209
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131210
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131211
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131212
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131213
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131214
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131215
TI  - The chemical microscopy of essential oils; reaction of catnip oil with phenyl
      hydrazine.

PMID- 18131216
TI  - Free halogens; a comparative study of their efficiencies as bactericidal agents.

PMID- 18131217
TI  - Science and scientists in the federal government.

PMID- 18131218
TI  - Recent developments in methods of testing antiseptics.

PMID- 18131219
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131220
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131221
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131222
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131224
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131223
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131225
TI  - British Pharmacopoia 1948.

PMID- 18131226
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131227
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131228
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131229
TI  - Effects of feeding uranium nitrate hexahydrate in the diets of breeding white
      rats.

PMID- 18131230
TI  - Pharmacological studies on the causative agent of canine hysteria.

PMID- 18131231
TI  - The effect of hypoxia on the in vivo formation of methemolglobin by aniline and
      nitrite.

PMID- 18131232
TI  - Effect of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents on the activity of carbonic
      anhydrase.

PMID- 18131233
TI  - Adrenergic blocking drugs; antagonism of epinephrine and histamine with 2-(2
      biphenyloxy)-2'-chlorodiethylamine derivatives.

PMID- 18131234
TI  - A study on mescaline in human subjects.

PMID- 18131235
TI  - The absorption of phenylmercuric acetate from the vaginal tract of the rat.

PMID- 18131236
TI  - A quantitative method for the determination of antihistaminic compounds
      containing the pyridine radical.

PMID- 18131237
TI  - Determination of gallium in biological materials.

PMID- 18131238
TI  - The distribution of radioactivity in rats after administration of C14-labeled
      methadone.

PMID- 18131239
TI  - An investigation of the acute toxicity of the optical isomers of arterenol and
      epinephrine.

PMID- 18131240
TI  - Studies on the fate of nicotine in the body; observations on the relative rate of
      elimination of nicotine by the dog, cat, rabbit and mouse.

PMID- 18131241
TI  - The control of experimental pneumonia with penicillin; inhalation therapy of
      established pneumonia, as related to blood and lung levels.

PMID- 18131243
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131242
TI  - The relationship between cholinesterase inhibition and function in a
      neuroeffector system.

PMID- 18131244
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131245
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131246
TI  - POISONING cases in 1946.

PMID- 18131247
TI  - The economics of professional pharmacy.

PMID- 18131248
TI  - [Historical sketch of the congresses and conventions of pharmaceuticals].

PMID- 18131249
TI  - [Characterization reaction and colorimetric method for the measurement of
      barbiturates].

PMID- 18131250
TI  - Application of Gray's theory of respiratory control to the hyperpnea produced by
      passive movements of the limbs.

PMID- 18131251
TI  - Voluntary pressure breathing at high altitudes.

PMID- 18131252
TI  - Muscle action potentials in human poliomyelitis before and after closed manual
      neurotripsy.

PMID- 18131253
TI  - Species specificity of agene toxicity.

PMID- 18131254
TI  - Effect of vitamin A2 on the red and blue threshold of fully dark adapted vision.

PMID- 18131255
TI  - A simplified apparatus for photometric analysis and photomicrography.

PMID- 18131256
TI  - The stability of bacterial viruses in solutions of salts.
AB  - 1. The seven bacterial viruses of the T group, active against E. coli, are much
      more rapidly inactivated by heat when suspended in 0.1 N solutions of sodium
      salts than when suspended in broth. 2. The kinetics of this inactivation whether
      in salt solutions or in broth are those of a first order reaction. 3. The rate of
      inactivation of phage T5 in 0.1 N NaCl at 37 degrees C. can be greatly decreased
      by the addition of 10(-8)M concentrations of such divalent cations as Ca, Mg, Ba,
      Sr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Cu. 4. An increase in the cation concentration in the
      suspending medium results in an increase in the stability of phage T5 to the
      inactivating effects of temperature. 5. The hypothesis is proposed that the
      increase in stability of phage T5 in the presence of various cations is the
      result of complex formation between the phage and the metal ion.

PMID- 18131257
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of action of ionizing radiations; inhibition of
      sulfhydryl enzymes by alpha, beta, and gamma rays.
AB  - The activity of crystalline phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase and urease was
      decreased when dilute solutions of these sulfhydryl enzymes were irradiated with
      small doses of alpha rays from Po, beta rays from Si(89), and gamma rays from Ra.
      Partial reactivation of the enzyme by addition of glutathione was obtained after
      inhibition with alpha rays. Evidence that these inhibitions are due to oxidation
      of the -SH groups of the enzymes was given by the irradiation of the mercury
      mercaptide urease with gamma rays. This irradiated complex was completely
      reactivated by glutathione as was the non-irradiated enzyme. The ionic efficiency
      of all these ionizing radiations on inhibition of phosphoglyceraldehyde
      dehydrogenase was similar (ionic yield around 1). The sulfhydryl groups of
      crystalline phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase were titrated by enzyme activity
      measurements and by ferricyanide oxidation.

PMID- 18131258
TI  - Peptidase activities of extracts of salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - 1. Peptide-splitting enzymes have been studied in buffered glycerine extracts of
      larval salivary glands of three stocks of Drosophila melanogaster. 2. The
      ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the glycerine extracts indicates the presence
      of a considerable amount of nucleic acid. 3. Alanylglycine (AG), leucylglycine
      (LG), leucylglycylglycine (LGG), glycylglycine (GG), and diglycylglycine (GGG)
      are split by the gland extracts in descending order of activity. 4. Of the
      various metals added, manganese was the only one found to give clear cut
      activation and that only with LGG as substrate. Cysteine inhibited the splitting
      of both AG and LG. 5. Comparison of the data with those published indicates the
      presence in the extracts in descending order of activity (at pH 7.6, 40 degrees
      C.) of at least four enzymes: an AG-dipeptidase, an LG-dipeptidase, a
      leucineaminopeptidase, and possibly an aminopolypeptidase. 6. Optimum conditions
      for the measurement of the enzyme splitting AG were determined. The pH activity
      and kinetic data are typical for an AG-dipeptidase. 7. An enzyme (probably
      cathepsin II) splitting benzoyl-l-arginineamide (pH 5.0) with cysteine activation
      was observed to occur with very low activity in gland extracts.

PMID- 18131260
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131259
TI  - Peptidase increase accompanying growth of the larval salivary gland of Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - 1. The larval salivary gland of Drosophila melanogaster offers an opportunity to
      study growth in a tissue in which no cell division occurs but in which the cells
      increase in size. 2. Measurements of alanylglycine (AG)-peptidase content have
      been made in three stocks of Drosophila melanogaster at different growth stages
      of the larval salivary gland, and have been correlated with its total nitrogen
      and volume. 3. During the prepupal instar, the AG-peptidase content of the gland
      increases parallel with total nitrogen but decreases when histolysis of the gland
      begins. Conversely, a benzoyl-l-arginineamide-hydrolyzing endopeptidase is not
      measurable until histolysis sets in. 4. In the final larval growth period of a
      giant mutant, there is a concomitant increase in peptidase, total nitrogen, and
      volume of the gland. 5. A similar association of peptidase content and total
      nitrogen is found in comparing glands of different sizes from the giant stock, at
      the time of maximal peptidase content in the prepupa. 6. The data are interpreted
      as evidence for an association of AG-peptidase with growth of the cells in the
      gland. This agrees with the earlier interpretation by Linderstrom-Lang and Holter
      of data obtained from study of more complex tissues. 7. A survey of the available
      measurements of peptidase content in other organisms shows that wherever an
      increase of cell substance occurs, peptidase content increases. Conversely,
      peptidase remains constant where cell division is unaccompanied by an increase of
      cell substances. 8. The joint association of peptidases and pentosenucleic acids
      with protein synthesis is pointed out. 9. The possiblity is considered that
      peptidases may be essential parts of a unit in which coupled reactions necessary
      for protein synthesis occur. The role of the peptidases in this system is
      discussed. They may act either synthetically to form new peptide linkages
      (problematic), or hydrolytically to mobilize the necessary specific amino acids.

PMID- 18131261
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131263
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131262
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131264
TI  - The magnitude of the Pulfrich stereophenomenon as a function of binocular
      differences of intensity at various levels of illumination.

PMID- 18131265
TI  - Equal-volume judgements of tones.

PMID- 18131266
TI  - The effect of inter-stimulus interval on intensity discrimination for white
      noise.

PMID- 18131267
TI  - Acoustic function of the temporal cortex of the dog.

PMID- 18131268
TI  - Variations in the intellectual activities of adults.

PMID- 18131269
TI  - Who is to bear primary responsibility for the psychological disorders?

PMID- 18131270
TI  - Personal expenditures and changes in them with rising prices.

PMID- 18131271
TI  - A new technique for studying group-learning.

PMID- 18131272
TI  - Loudness as a discriminable aspect of noise.

PMID- 18131273
TI  - The effect of instruction, task, and population-sample on mental set.

PMID- 18131274
TI  - A class of methods for estimating reaction of stimuli of varying severity.

PMID- 18131276
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131275
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131277
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131278
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131279
TI  - Wartime diphtheria experience in the Royal Canadian Air Force in relation to the
      use of diphtheria toxoid.

PMID- 18131280
TI  - Pre-marital health examinations in Saskatchewan; problems and results.

PMID- 18131281
TI  - Modern trends in health service.

PMID- 18131282
TI  - The common cold.

PMID- 18131284
TI  - The rise of anatomy in the Middle Ages.

PMID- 18131283
TI  - The biological aspects of housing.

PMID- 18131285
TI  - The distribution of epidemic diseases.

PMID- 18131286
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131287
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131288
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131290
TI  - Telling the world.

PMID- 18131289
TI  - Informing the public; the spoken word.

PMID- 18131291
TI  - The incidence of head lice in 1947 compared with 1938-40.

PMID- 18131292
TI  - Comparison of the rates of sick absence of metropolitan policemen before and
      after the war.

PMID- 18131293
TI  - A widespread outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning.

PMID- 18131294
TI  - Current organizational patterns of statistical activities in state health
      departments.

PMID- 18131295
TI  - Sickness absenteeism among industrial workers, third and fourth quarters of 1948.

PMID- 18131296
TI  - [Five year plan of health service in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 18131297
TI  - [Training of a physician in Poland].

PMID- 18131298
TI  - [Organized health service in Poland].

PMID- 18131299
TI  - [Socialized medicine in Poland].

PMID- 18131300
TI  - [Health service in industry].

PMID- 18131301
TI  - [Health service in industry].

PMID- 18131302
TI  - [Physical education in industry].

PMID- 18131303
TI  - The perceptibility of details in roentgen examinations of the lung.

PMID- 18131304
TI  - Angiographic studies of the cerebral vessels in arteriovenous aneurysms.

PMID- 18131305
TI  - Instrument for ensuring symmetric pictures in roentgen examinations of the head.

PMID- 18131306
TI  - The fetal renal secretion and its significance in congenital deformities of the
      ureters and urethra.

PMID- 18131307
TI  - Distensional luxation, an early symptom sometimes occurring in various conditions
      of pain in the hip joint.

PMID- 18131308
TI  - Observations on the ionization produced by high-voltage radiation in moulded
      ionization chambers with walls of various effective atomic numbers.

PMID- 18131309
TI  - A dynamic electrometer for small condenser chambers.

PMID- 18131310
TI  - Analysis of radio-iodine uptake and excretion curves.

PMID- 18131311
TI  - The significance of congenital lumbo-sacral abnormalities.

PMID- 18131312
TI  - Radiological studies of the abdominal aorta in individuals over 50 as an aid to
      the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant ulceration of the
      stomach.

PMID- 18131313
TI  - Gastric adenomyosis; report of a case.

PMID- 18131315
TI  - A useful daylight screening aid for mass radiography.

PMID- 18131314
TI  - A case of fissura sterni congenita completa.

PMID- 18131316
TI  - The conservation of photographic chemicals.

PMID- 18131317
TI  - Radiography of the articular surfaces.

PMID- 18131318
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131319
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131320
TI  - The segmental and lobular physiology and pathology of the lung.

PMID- 18131321
TI  - The use of tubed pedicle grafts in carcinoma of the upper esophagus.

PMID- 18131322
TI  - Transthoracic small bowel substitution in high stricture of the esophagus.

PMID- 18131323
TI  - Completing of multiple-stage operation for atresia of the esophagus.

PMID- 18131324
TI  - Decortication of the unexpanded tuberculous lung following pneumothorax.

PMID- 18131325
TI  - Physiologic observations concerning decortication of the lung.

PMID- 18131326
TI  - Allergy in pulmonary tuberculosis with special reference to
      autotuberculinization.

PMID- 18131327
TI  - Cystic disease of the lung.

PMID- 18131328
TI  - Glomus tumor of the mediastinum.

PMID- 18131329
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131330
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131332
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131331
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131333
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131334
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131335
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131336
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131337
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131338
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131339
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131340
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131342
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131341
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131343
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131344
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131345
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131346
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131347
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131348
TI  - Dysgerminoma of the ovary.

PMID- 18131349
TI  - Talipes equinovarus.

PMID- 18131350
TI  - A case of a xiphopagus monster.

PMID- 18131351
TI  - A case of quadricepsplasty.

PMID- 18131352
TI  - A case of carcinoma of the gall bladder.

PMID- 18131353
TI  - Studies on the pathologic anatomy of the unilateral harelip nose.

PMID- 18131354
TI  - Fracture of the zygomatic tripod easily reduced by intranasal manipulation.

PMID- 18131355
TI  - Composite bone graft in saddle nose.

PMID- 18131356
TI  - Fat substitutes in cheek deformities.

PMID- 18131357
TI  - A mortised mandibular bone graft following giant cell tumor removal; a 25-year
      history.

PMID- 18131358
TI  - Closure of scalp by split thickness skin grafts.

PMID- 18131359
TI  - Labial transplant for correction of loss of the nipple.

PMID- 18131360
TI  - Scalpel for paring margins of cleft palate.

PMID- 18131361
TI  - Mold fungi in the etiology of respiratory allergic diseases; further studies with
      mold extracts.

PMID- 18131362
TI  - The use of antihistaminic drugs in human tuberculosis; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18131363
TI  - Neohetramine in the treatment of experimental tuberculosis.

PMID- 18131364
TI  - A clinical evaluation of neohetramine in allergic diseases.

PMID- 18131365
TI  - Allergy and the tonsil problem in children.

PMID- 18131366
TI  - Sinusitis, allergy, and bacterial vaccine.

PMID- 18131367
TI  - Cerebral edema due to phenobarbital sensitivity; clinical study of a case.

PMID- 18131368
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of perennial allergic coryza.

PMID- 18131369
TI  - A new antihistaminic compound for the treatment of urticaria and hay fever.

PMID- 18131370
TI  - An adapter for the rapid performance of the puncture skin test.

PMID- 18131371
TI  - Industrial dermatitis control.

PMID- 18131372
TI  - The treatment of bronchial asthma with isuprel.

PMID- 18131373
TI  - The use of oral potassium treatment of atopic dermatitis.

PMID- 18131374
TI  - A study of 100 allergic individuals by the Minnesota multiphasic personality
      inventory test.

PMID- 18131375
TI  - A Durham-type air-sampling device for less than one dollar.

PMID- 18131376
TI  - Coccidioidomycosis treatment with histamine.

PMID- 18131377
TI  - Bronchial asthma; critical review of literature.

PMID- 18131378
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131379
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131380
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131381
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131382
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131383
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131384
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131385
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131386
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131387
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131388
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131389
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131390
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131391
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131392
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131393
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131394
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131395
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131397
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131396
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131398
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131399
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder; a collective review with the addition of 25
      cases from the Grace Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.

PMID- 18131400
TI  - Pathogenesis of endometriosis based on endometrial homeoplasia, direct extension,
      exfoliation and implantation, lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis, including
      five case reports of endometrial tissue in pelvic lymph nodes.

PMID- 18131401
TI  - Cancer of the tongue; a review of 330 cases.

PMID- 18131402
TI  - The significance of vein invasion by cancer of the rectum and sigmoid; a
      microscopic study of 210 cases.

PMID- 18131403
TI  - Postirradiation osteogenic sarcoma of the nasal bone; a report of two cases.

PMID- 18131404
TI  - Nonchromaffin paraganglioma of the middle ear; carotid-body-like tumor; glomus
      jugulare tumor.

PMID- 18131405
TI  - Clinical value of urethane therapy in prostatic cancer.

PMID- 18131406
TI  - Carbamates in the chemotherapy of leukemia; observation of a possible
      antileukemic synergism between urethane and methyl-bis (beta-chloroethyl) amine.

PMID- 18131407
TI  - Heterologous ocular transplantation as a practical test for cancer.

PMID- 18131408
TI  - The effect of aminopterin on the growth of carcinoma, sarcoma, and melanoma in
      animals.

PMID- 18131409
TI  - Osmotic resistance of erythrocytes from patients with carcinoma.

PMID- 18131410
TI  - The nucleic acid distribution in normal and leukemic mouse spleen.

PMID- 18131411
TI  - Effect of inoculation of the viruses of influenza A and herpes simplex on the
      growth of transplantable tumors in mice.

PMID- 18131412
TI  - The destructive effect of the virus of Russian Far East encephalitis on the
      transplantable mouse sarcoma 180.

PMID- 18131413
TI  - The micro-determination of potassium as cobaltinitrite in biological and
      agricultural materials; a new turbidimetric method.

PMID- 18131414
TI  - The colorimetric estimation of thiols.

PMID- 18131415
TI  - Estimation of cyanide in plant material by means of Conway units.

PMID- 18131416
TI  - New specific color reactions of hexoses and spectrophotometric micromethods for
      their determination.

PMID- 18131417
TI  - Studies on the metabolism of ribose; enzymatic conversion of ribose into
      hexosemonophosphate.

PMID- 18131418
TI  - The metabolism of niacin in ruminants (sheep, goats and calves).

PMID- 18131419
TI  - The effect of long-chain carbon compounds, particularly hydrocarbons, on the
      metabolism of tubercle bacilli.

PMID- 18131420
TI  - Two antifungal substances from Bacillus subtilis cultures.

PMID- 18131421
TI  - Growth-depressing fractions in raw lima beans.

PMID- 18131422
TI  - The enzyme-substrate compounds of horseradish peroxidase and peroxides; kinetics
      of formation and decomposition of the primary and secondary complexes.

PMID- 18131423
TI  - A polysaccharide related to the blood group substances and its reaction with
      borate; a study by electrophoresis.

PMID- 18131424
TI  - A polysaccharide related to the blood group substances and its reaction with
      borate; a study by sedimentation and viscosity.

PMID- 18131425
TI  - The physiological activity of some simple unsaturated lactones; effect of certain
      tissues of higher plants.

PMID- 18131426
TI  - On the mechanism of enzyme action; dehydrogenation studies on Merulius lacrymans
      and Marasmius chordalis, and the mechanism of oxalic acid formation.

PMID- 18131427
TI  - On the mechanism of enzyme action; solanione a pigment from Fusarium solani D2
      purple.

PMID- 18131428
TI  - On the mechanism of enzyme action; effect of different naphthoquinones on the fat
      formation in Fusariun lini Bolley.

PMID- 18131429
TI  - Selenate inhibition studies; the reversal of selenate inhibition in E. coli.

PMID- 18131430
TI  - Acid-soluble phosphorus content of embryos infected with influenza A virus.

PMID- 18131431
TI  - Calcium and apyrase system of muscle.

PMID- 18131432
TI  - A new classification system for radiation detectors.

PMID- 18131434
TI  - A note on the photo-pupil reflex.

PMID- 18131433
TI  - The spectra of the heavy elements.

PMID- 18131435
TI  - The spherical aberration of the eye.

PMID- 18131436
TI  - A new spectrophotometer employing a glass Fery prism.

PMID- 18131437
TI  - Comparison of color systems with respect to uniform visual spacing.

PMID- 18131438
TI  - Transmission of light from diffuse sources by periscope tubes.

PMID- 18131439
TI  - Combustion studies with the orthicon spectrograph.

PMID- 18131440
TI  - The birefringent filter; a correction.

PMID- 18131441
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131442
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131443
TI  - The influence of general health supervision on the frequency of dental caries in
      groups of Norwegian children.

PMID- 18131444
TI  - Facial neuralgias.

PMID- 18131445
TI  - The importance of the control of blood during dental extractions.

PMID- 18131446
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131447
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131448
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131449
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131450
TI  - Suture removal following oral surgery.

PMID- 18131451
TI  - The use of the palatameter and the occlusameter.

PMID- 18131452
TI  - Immediate anterior acrylic bridge by the direct-indirect technique.

PMID- 18131453
TI  - Anesthesia by hypnosis.

PMID- 18131454
TI  - The dental aspects of psychosomatics.

PMID- 18131456
TI  - [Infancy of the denture].

PMID- 18131455
TI  - [Release of natural forces by the braces in orthodontics].

PMID- 18131457
TI  - [Homeopathic dentistry].

PMID- 18131458
TI  - [Anatomo-pathological and clinical considerations of diffused osteomyelitis of
      the upper maxilla].

PMID- 18131459
TI  - [Gingivitis and periodontitis; inter-radicular lesions].

PMID- 18131460
TI  - [Acrylic intra-tissue, repair of the orbital region].

PMID- 18131461
TI  - [The problem of immobilization of facial fractures].

PMID- 18131462
TI  - [Results after 20 years by the conventional method of treatment of infected
      teeth].

PMID- 18131463
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131464
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131465
TI  - Calciferol-resistant cases of lupus.

PMID- 18131466
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131467
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131468
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131469
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131470
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131471
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131472
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131473
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131474
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131475
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131476
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131477
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131478
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131479
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131480
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131481
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131482
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131483
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131484
TI  - Respiration in worms.

PMID- 18131485
TI  - A liquid surface interferometer.

PMID- 18131486
TI  - Diffusion in a two-phase alloy.

PMID- 18131487
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131488
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131489
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131490
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131491
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131492
TI  - New pathways of the physiology of infection and immunity.

PMID- 18131493
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131494
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131495
TI  - Dependence, in yeasts, of phosphate uptake and polymerization upon the occurrence
      of glucose polymerization.

PMID- 18131496
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131497
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131498
TI  - The origin of moss gametophytes in cultures without access of light.

PMID- 18131499
TI  - Cardiac glucosides and Lundsgaard contracture.

PMID- 18131500
TI  - Effects of thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, and nicotinic acid on the intestinal
      absorption of dextrose.

PMID- 18131501
TI  - Inhibitory effect of simultaneous administration of antasten and tween 20 on
      gastric secretion induced by histamine or vagal stimulation.

PMID- 18131502
TI  - The influence of polar solvents on the metachromatic reaction in vitro.

PMID- 18131503
TI  - The thyroxine sensitivity of normal and thyroidectomized rats.

PMID- 18131505
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131504
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131506
TI  - Chemistry of ajmaline, rauwolfine of Van Itallie and Steenhauer.

PMID- 18131507
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131508
TI  - The effect of sun, shade, and oven-drying on the toxicological and chemical
      values of derris root.

PMID- 18131509
TI  - Effect of root diameter on chemical and biotoxic constituents of derris.

PMID- 18131510
TI  - Stability of carotenoids in ground dehydrated carrots.

PMID- 18131511
TI  - The current status of state and local population estimates in the Census Bureau.

PMID- 18131512
TI  - The uses of usefulness of binomial probability paper.

PMID- 18131513
TI  - The use of sampling in Great Britain.

PMID- 18131514
TI  - Unemployment and migration in the depression, 1930-1935.

PMID- 18131515
TI  - Minimum X2 maximum likelihood solution in terms of a linear transform, with
      particular reference to bio-assay.

PMID- 18131516
TI  - The edge marking of statistical cards.

PMID- 18131517
TI  - Structure and activities of the bacterial surface.

PMID- 18131518
TI  - Absorption of ultraviolet light by living cells.

PMID- 18131519
TI  - Continuous sedimentation for the concentration of trematode eggs in faecal
      suspensions.

PMID- 18131520
TI  - The tricarboxylic acid cycle in nematode parasites.

PMID- 18131521
TI  - Movement of zooplankton in diatom gradients.

PMID- 18131522
TI  - Rh phenotypes and Fisher's CDE notation.

PMID- 18131523
TI  - Formation of citrate in vivo induced by fluoroacetate poisoning.

PMID- 18131524
TI  - Interferometric determination of the apparent thickness of thin metallic films.

PMID- 18131525
TI  - A new synthesis of cinnoline derivatives.

PMID- 18131526
TI  - Influence of solvent movement on sedimentation.

PMID- 18131527
TI  - Use of Geiger counter for quantitative estimation of radioactive isotopes in
      histological sections.

PMID- 18131528
TI  - Automatic control-system terminology.

PMID- 18131529
TI  - Application of science.

PMID- 18131530
TI  - Studies in the physiological mechanisms of vision.

PMID- 18131531
TI  - A new method for the photographic study of fast transient phenomena.

PMID- 18131532
TI  - Dipole moments and the molecular structure of pentaerythritol tetranitrate.

PMID- 18131533
TI  - A mass spectrometer for continuous gas analysis.

PMID- 18131534
TI  - A microwave polarimeter.

PMID- 18131535
TI  - A high temperature X-ray diffraction camera.

PMID- 18131536
TI  - Ionization flame detectors.

PMID- 18131537
TI  - Experiments in the possibility of increasing the efficiency of gamma-counters.

PMID- 18131538
TI  - An improved low angle X-ray diffraction camera.

PMID- 18131539
TI  - An apparatus for producing powder-like X-ray diffraction patterns from single
      crystals.

PMID- 18131540
TI  - Non-uniform shrinkage of X-ray films.

PMID- 18131541
TI  - Percent transmission computer for infra-red spectra.

PMID- 18131542
TI  - The use of anodized aluminum in the construction of calorimeter heaters.

PMID- 18131543
TI  - Method for preparing capillary tube samples for X-ray diffraction powder
      analysis.

PMID- 18131544
TI  - NUCLEOMETER.

PMID- 18131545
TI  - MICROWAVE power meter.

PMID- 18131546
TI  - A comparative study of total plasma protein and hematocrit in fowl and pigeon.

PMID- 18131547
TI  - Preparation of p-hydroxyanthranilic acid.

PMID- 18131548
TI  - The mystery of the shrinking oranges.

PMID- 18131549
TI  - Nuclear cytology of fungi.

PMID- 18131550
TI  - Psychological principles of the visual motor gestalt test.

PMID- 18131554
TI  - Further studies on sensitivity of chromosomes to irradiation at different meiotic
      stages in oocytes of Sciara.

PMID- 18131555
TI  - The expression of alleles at the cubitus interrupts locus in hybrids between
      Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans.

PMID- 18131557
TI  - Linkage relations of autosomal factors in the fowl.

PMID- 18131558
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131560
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131559
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131561
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131562
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131563
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131564
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131565
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131566
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131567
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131568
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131569
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131570
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131571
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131573
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131572
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131575
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131574
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131576
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131577
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131578
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131579
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131580
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131581
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131582
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131583
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131584
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131585
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131586
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131587
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131588
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131589
TI  - Physical medicine in a changing hospital world.

PMID- 18131590
TI  - Recording machines are an asset.

PMID- 18131591
TI  - Should the community get its bill in advance?

PMID- 18131592
TI  - Influenza vaccination; a comparison of antibody response obtained by various
      methods of administration.

PMID- 18131593
TI  - Immunogenetic studies of Drosophila melanogaster; the development of technics and
      the detection of strain differences.

PMID- 18131594
TI  - Experimental rubella in human volunteers.

PMID- 18131595
TI  - Chloromycetin in experimental rickettsial infections.

PMID- 18131596
TI  - Mechanism of detergent effect of egg-white inhibition of hemagglutination by
      formolized swine influenza virus.

PMID- 18131597
TI  - Differences in the hemagglutinating and antigenic properties of strains of
      influenza virus isolated from one outbreak.

PMID- 18131598
TI  - A quantitative study of passive anaphylaxis in the guinea pig; passive
      sensitization with non-precipitable or univalent rabbit antiovalbumin.

PMID- 18131599
TI  - The release of histamine and heparin by antigen from the isolated perfused liver
      of the sensitized dog.

PMID- 18131600
TI  - The effect of a 42 day course of treatment on the sensitivity of the tubercle
      bacillus to streptomycin.

PMID- 18131602
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131601
TI  - Therapy of experimental brucella infection in the developing chick embryo;
      therapy with aureomycin.

PMID- 18131603
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131604
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131605
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131606
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131607
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131608
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131609
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131610
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131611
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131613
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131612
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131614
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131616
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131615
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131617
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131618
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131619
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131620
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131621
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131622
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131623
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131624
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131625
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131626
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131628
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131627
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131629
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131630
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131631
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131632
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131633
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131634
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131635
TI  - A review of therapeutic trials of some new chemotherapeutic compounds.

PMID- 18131636
TI  - Multiple pulmonary thromboembolic lesions; clinico-pathological conference.

PMID- 18131637
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131638
TI  - Lumbo-dorsal sympathectomy in severe hypertension; an interim survey.

PMID- 18131639
TI  - Painful amputation stumps and phantom limbs; treatment by repeated percussion to
      the stump neuromata.

PMID- 18131640
TI  - Chemical sympathectomy.

PMID- 18131641
TI  - Eosinophilic xanthomatous granuloma with honeycomb lungs.

PMID- 18131642
TI  - Acute pneumonitis in a beryllium-worker.

PMID- 18131643
TI  - Treatment of abortus fever with sulphonamides and blood transfusion.

PMID- 18131644
TI  - Treatment of herpes zoster with liver extract.

PMID- 18131645
TI  - Arteriovenous fistula of the lung.

PMID- 18131646
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131647
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131648
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131649
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131650
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131651
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131652
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131653
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131654
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131655
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131656
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131657
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131658
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131659
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131660
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131661
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131662
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131663
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131664
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131666
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131665
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131667
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131668
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131669
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131670
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131671
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131672
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131673
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131674
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131675
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131676
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131678
TI  - Pentothal-curare mixture with endotracheal N2O and O2 in infants.

PMID- 18131677
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131679
TI  - An approach to some non-clinical responsibilities of medicine.

PMID- 18131680
TI  - The diagnosis and surgical treatment of tetralogies.
AB  - Patients with congenital heart disease of the cyanotic type may be presumed to be
      candidates for surgical treatment if the examination of the heart reveals
      compatible findings, particularly murmurs characteristic of an interventricular
      septal defect, overriding aorta, and pulmonary stenosis; if the electrocardiogram
      shows right axis deviation; if the x-ray or fluoroscopic study demonstrates
      decreased pulmonary markings; if Diodrast injection shows right ventricular
      enlargement, a septal defect, overriding of the aorta, and small pulmonary
      arteries. In some cases some of these criteria may be missing. If there are not
      definite contraindications, exploratory thoracotomy is indicated for patients
      with congenital heart disease causing cyanosis.

PMID- 18131681
TI  - Sickle cell disease simulating advanced rheumatoid arthritis; report of a case.

PMID- 18131682
TI  - Myelography; diagnostic value in lesions of the lumbar intervertebral discs with
      variation in technique.
AB  - Myelography using pantopaque in greater than usual amount with a variation in
      technique, which is described, is believed to provide increased accuracy in
      differential diagnosis and precise localization of lesions in the lumbar spine.
      The need for multiple space exploration is eliminated and more detailed
      information concerning the size and shape of lesions is provided as compared to
      that secured by the use of 3 or 6 cc. of opaque medium and fluoroscopic
      examination alone. In 53 cases in which lumbar myelography was performed and the
      diagnosis verified or disproved at operation, there was a 5 per cent diagnostic
      error in 41 instances in which the method outlined was used, as compared with 17
      per cent error in 12 cases in which only 3 or 6 cc. of radiopaque material and
      fluoroscopy alone were used. The accuracy of the procedure would appear to
      warrant its use in the evaluation of patients suspected of having abnormalities
      of the lumbar discs associated with nerve root compression.

PMID- 18131683
TI  - The differential diagnosis of rheumatism; a clinical study of 500 cases.
AB  - Five hundred consecutive admissions to the rheumatism service of a large hospital
      were reviewed in an effort to establish criteria for accurate differential
      diagnosis in rheumatic disorders. Forty-one per cent of the patients presented
      evidence of articular involvement or arthritis; 28 per cent had non-articular
      rheumatism, embracing the various types of fibrositis; 7 per cent had
      musculoskeletal neuroses, and 24 per cent had a variety of diseases unrelated to
      the musculoskeletal system. A working classification of the various causes of
      musculoskeletal pain is presented and criteria for the differentiation of the
      individual diseases are suggested.

PMID- 18131684
TI  - Neck and shoulder pain.
AB  - Neck and shoulder pains are presenting or incidental symptoms in a large variety
      of conditions. There may be similarities in the anatomicophysiological mechanism
      of pain production and in the clinical picture in many of these conditions. Many
      of the vague and refractory cases of neck and shoulder pain and of migraine may
      be due to cervical disc disease. Scalenus anticus syndrome and cardiac disease
      can be diagnosed or differentiated from cervical disc syndrome only by thorough
      investigation. Proper treatment of neck and shoulder pain is dependent upon
      correct diagnosis through complete history, physical examination and laboratory
      tests, as described in this presentation.

PMID- 18131685
TI  - Potassium permanganate soaks in peripheral vascular diseases to emphasize nail
      growth changes.

PMID- 18131686
TI  - Food handler's infection (swine erysipelas) in man.
AB  - Swine erysipelas in man can at times be a serious and even fatal disease. The
      usual cutaneous type runs a prolonged course when treated by any of the older
      methods. Experimental and clinical evidence indicates that penicillin aids
      greatly in the treatment of the disease.

PMID- 18131687
TI  - Asymptomatic aneurysmal dilatation of a right-sided aortic arch.

PMID- 18131688
TI  - Thorn in body causing abscess after 21 years.

PMID- 18131689
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri.

PMID- 18131690
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131691
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131692
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131693
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131694
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131695
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131697
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131696
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131698
TI  - Pathology of Central African natives; Mulago Hospital post mortem studies.

PMID- 18131699
TI  - A small outbreak of typhoid fever in the Northern Province of Kenya.

PMID- 18131700
TI  - The tribal distribution of bilharzia in East Africa.

PMID- 18131701
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131702
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131704
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131705
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131706
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131707
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131708
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131709
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131710
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131711
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131712
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131713
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131714
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131715
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131716
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131717
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131718
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131719
TI  - [A few cases of angiocardiography in the blue disease].

PMID- 18131720
TI  - [Surgical treatment of hypertension; transpleural technique].

PMID- 18131721
TI  - [Psychogenic factors as precipitating cause of rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 18131723
TI  - [Allergy serum].

PMID- 18131722
TI  - [Murine typhus in Rio de Janeiro; occurrence of naturally infected mice].

PMID- 18131724
TI  - [General information on allergic diseases; historical sketch].

PMID- 18131725
TI  - [Bacteriological study the sputum of leprosy-tuberculosis treatment with
      streptomycin, with a view of cultures obtained].

PMID- 18131726
TI  - [Pharmacodynamic action of vitamins and pharmaceuticals].

PMID- 18131727
TI  - An evaluation of testosterone propionate therapy in cases of angina pectoris.

PMID- 18131728
TI  - Tropical ulcers in Madras City.

PMID- 18131729
TI  - Some observations on atlas and axis vertebrae of the Punjabees.

PMID- 18131730
TI  - Tuberculous pericarditis.

PMID- 18131731
TI  - Treatment of filariasis by lithium antimony thiomalate.

PMID- 18131732
TI  - A case of hepatic appendicitis.

PMID- 18131733
TI  - Two atypical cases of giardia infection.

PMID- 18131734
TI  - DDT, an ideal insecticide and larvicide.

PMID- 18131735
TI  - The incidence of deliveries and conception.

PMID- 18131736
TI  - Treatment of diabetes today.

PMID- 18131737
TI  - Spontaneous remission in acute leukemia; report of a case complicated by
      eclampsia.

PMID- 18131738
TI  - Effect of sympathectomy on blood pressure in hypertension; a review of 13 years'
      experience of the Massachusetts General Hospital.

PMID- 18131739
TI  - A case study of the changes of refraction accompanying the changes of the
      concentration of sugar in the blood.

PMID- 18131740
TI  - Form and thickness considerations of ophthalmic lenses for various near points.

PMID- 18131741
TI  - Subnormal vision due to vitreous hemorrhage; a case report.

PMID- 18131742
TI  - Subnormal vision device augmenting palliative treatment of hypertension; a case
      report.

PMID- 18131743
TI  - Blood groups and effects of roentgen irradiation in retrolental fibroplasia.

PMID- 18131744
TI  - Differential diagnosis of Boeck's sarcoidosis; report of ten cases with ocular
      involvement.

PMID- 18131745
TI  - Ocular findings in 323 patients with schizophrenia; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18131746
TI  - Reserve accommodation.

PMID- 18131747
TI  - Neurofibromatosis associated with tumors of the optic papilla; report of a case.

PMID- 18131748
TI  - Contact lens electrode for iontophoresis.

PMID- 18131749
TI  - Metabolism of the cornea.

PMID- 18131750
TI  - The association of hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, increased pulse and
      latent vertical phoria.

PMID- 18131751
TI  - Diseases of the salivary glands and their ducts.

PMID- 18131752
TI  - Treatment of psychogenic headaches.

PMID- 18131753
TI  - Examples in practical analytical optometry.

PMID- 18131754
TI  - Blast injuries to the ear; the Texas City disaster.

PMID- 18131755
TI  - Anatomy of the bronchial tree.

PMID- 18131756
TI  - Effect on the ear of vitamin A feeding after severe depletion.

PMID- 18131757
TI  - Functional and anatomic relation of sphenopalatine ganglion to the autonomic
      nervous system.

PMID- 18131758
TI  - Postgraduate training in otolaryngology.

PMID- 18131759
TI  - Chorda tympani nerve section and tympanic plexectomy; new technic used in cases
      of deafness, tinnitus and vertigo.

PMID- 18131760
TI  - Rehabilitation of the larynx in cases of bilateral abductor paralysis; open
      approach to arytenoidectomy, with report of the past 4 years' experience.

PMID- 18131761
TI  - Chronic progressive deafness, including otosclerosis and diseases of the inner
      ear; review of the literature for 1946.

PMID- 18131762
TI  - Tumors of the parotid gland.

PMID- 18131763
TI  - Treatment of carcinoma of the larynx; a statistical study of results.

PMID- 18131765
TI  - Natural absence of part of the bone wall of the facial canal.

PMID- 18131764
TI  - The importance of sinusitis in allergic manifestations.

PMID- 18131766
TI  - Hearing tests and testing.

PMID- 18131767
TI  - Accelerated production of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18131768
TI  - Tricuspid atresia; report of two cases of young infants, with successful
      operation.

PMID- 18131769
TI  - Anoxia of the central nervous system and congenital heart disease; report of
      three cases with a note on the history of asphyxia.

PMID- 18131770
TI  - Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with infantile diarrhea.

PMID- 18131771
TI  - Urinary glycocyamine, creatine and creatinine; their excretion in children with
      the nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 18131772
TI  - Toxic level of fluorine in water supplies.

PMID- 18131773
TI  - Chronic relapsing pancreatitis and hyperlipemia.

PMID- 18131774
TI  - Present treatment of influenzal meningitis; review of literature and report on 22
      patients treated with streptomycin and sulfadiazine.

PMID- 18131775
TI  - Association of maternal polyhydramnios with congenital atresia of the upper
      alimentary tract in the newborn.

PMID- 18131776
TI  - Bronchiogenic cysts of the mediastinum.

PMID- 18131777
TI  - Treatment of leukemia in children.

PMID- 18131778
TI  - Studies on the fermentation of Ceylon tea; further observations on the
      relationship of tea fermentation to normal respiration.

PMID- 18131779
TI  - Sulphur compounds of the genus Allium; detection of n-prophylthiol in the onion;
      the fission and methylation of diallyl disulphide in cultures of Scopulariopsis
      brevicaulis.

PMID- 18131780
TI  - Acid-soluble pigments of shells; the distribution of porphyrin fluorescence in
      molluscan shells.

PMID- 18131781
TI  - Coeliac disease; a relation between dietary starch and fat absorption.

PMID- 18131782
TI  - Blood volume studies in healthy children.

PMID- 18131783
TI  - The effect of toxaemia of pregnancy upon the foetus and newborn child.

PMID- 18131784
TI  - Renal venous thrombosis in the newborn.

PMID- 18131785
TI  - Congenital right-sided diaphragmatic hernia; some difficulties in differential
      diagnosis and operative repair.

PMID- 18131786
TI  - Fugitive pericarditis.

PMID- 18131787
TI  - Osteopetrosis in successive generations.

PMID- 18131788
TI  - Gangrene in congenital syphilis.

PMID- 18131789
TI  - Dietary control of dental caries.

PMID- 18131790
TI  - Opinions of pediatricians on certain problems of infant care.

PMID- 18131791
TI  - Measles and bronchopneumonia.

PMID- 18131792
TI  - Recent developments in hearing aids.

PMID- 18131793
TI  - The effect of milk supplements on the growth of children with nutritive failure;
      the Wetzel grid findings.

PMID- 18131794
TI  - Antihistaminic drugs in pediatric allergy.

PMID- 18131795
TI  - Intravenous procaine in children.

PMID- 18131796
TI  - Methyl testosterone in the treatment of premature infants.

PMID- 18131797
TI  - Carbohydrate supplements (lactose and starch hydrolysates) in infant feeding;
      blood sugar changes following the administration of carbohydrate supplements in
      various milk media.

PMID- 18131798
TI  - Fungus studies in atopic dermatitis; failure to demonstrate pathogenic fungi in
      the lesions.

PMID- 18131799
TI  - Fluorescein circulation time in normal and pathologic conditions in infants and
      children, including various types of congenital malformations of the heart.

PMID- 18131800
TI  - Amelia; review of literature and report of case.

PMID- 18131801
TI  - Anomalous origins of the right common carotid and right and left subclavian
      arteries associated with Eisenmenger's complex.

PMID- 18131802
TI  - Deep vein thrombosis in a newborn infant.

PMID- 18131803
TI  - Intussusception in a newborn infant.

PMID- 18131804
TI  - Xanthomatosis.

PMID- 18131805
TI  - Four cases of bacteremia.

PMID- 18131806
TI  - School health services.

PMID- 18131807
TI  - Nutritional appraisal of New York State school children.

PMID- 18131809
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131808
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131810
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131811
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131812
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131813
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131814
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131815
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131816
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131817
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131818
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131819
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131820
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131821
TI  - [Otitis in infants].

PMID- 18131822
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131823
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131824
TI  - [Present state of caustic alkali poisoning].

PMID- 18131825
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131826
TI  - The pathogenesis of the vernix membrane; relation to aspiration pneumonia in
      stillborn and newborn infants.

PMID- 18131827
TI  - Pancreatic enzymes; normal output and comparison of different methods of assay.

PMID- 18131828
TI  - Aureomycin in staphylococcic meningitis complicating subarachnoid hemorrhage in
      sickle cell anemia.

PMID- 18131829
TI  - Rupture of aneurysm of the circle of Willis in the newborn.

PMID- 18131830
TI  - Ovarian tumors in childhood.

PMID- 18131831
TI  - Human equine encephalomyelitis in Saskatchewan in 1947.

PMID- 18131832
TI  - Jet injection in pediatric practice.

PMID- 18131833
TI  - Infantile cerebral palsy cases with severe mental deficiency; relationship of
      etiology to type of neurologic syndrome.

PMID- 18131834
TI  - Retrolental fibroplasia and light.

PMID- 18131835
TI  - Acute isolated myocarditis; review of the literature and report of a case in a 10
      year-old child.

PMID- 18131836
TI  - Meningococcemia with meningitis accompanied by bilateral gangrene of the lower
      extremities (Water-house-Friderichsen syndrome).

PMID- 18131837
TI  - Brain tumors in children.

PMID- 18131838
TI  - Phonocardiographic differentiation of the murmur of mitral insufficiency from
      some commonly heard adventitious sounds in childhood.

PMID- 18131839
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131840
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131841
TI  - ANSWERING your questions on how the British system works.

PMID- 18131842
TI  - Very few Britons know the high cost of free medical care.

PMID- 18131843
TI  - How British National Health prescriptions are priced.

PMID- 18131844
TI  - ORAL undecylenic acid.

PMID- 18131845
TI  - ATROPHIC and hypertrophic arthritis.

PMID- 18131846
TI  - ALCOHOL rubbing compound.

PMID- 18131847
TI  - ANTIPYRINE.

PMID- 18131848
TI  - LIVER concentrate.

PMID- 18131849
TI  - SODIUM dehydrocholic injection.

PMID- 18131850
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131851
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131852
TI  - Compressed tablets; standard dimensions.

PMID- 18131853
TI  - Nicotine poisoning.

PMID- 18131854
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131855
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131856
TI  - The growth and optimum yields of unicellular algae in mass culture.

PMID- 18131857
TI  - Some physical and chemical characteristics of algae growth in mass culture.

PMID- 18131858
TI  - The action of erythroidin, curare, and chlorobutanol in the crayfish.

PMID- 18131859
TI  - Inhibition of plant growth by irradiation; sensitivity and development.

PMID- 18131860
TI  - Relation of gamma-ray dosage rate to mitotic effect in the grasshopper
      neuroblast.

PMID- 18131861
TI  - Chemistry of the chick embryo; the accumulation of solids, nitrogen, lipids, and
      peptidase by the gizzard and liver of the chick embryo.

PMID- 18131862
TI  - An electron microscope study of the retinal rods of the guinea pig eye.

PMID- 18131863
TI  - The functional refractory period of axons.

PMID- 18131864
TI  - Cytochrome c, diphosphopyridine nucleotide, glutathione, and adenosine
      triphosphatase content of the ciliate Colpidium campylum.

PMID- 18131865
TI  - Bacterial variation in cellobiose medium.

PMID- 18131866
TI  - Nutrient-limited anaerobic growth of yeast at high temperatures.

PMID- 18131867
TI  - Pigment production by Serratia marcescens in liquid media.

PMID- 18131868
TI  - Mutants produced by X-irradiation of spores of Chaetomium globosum and a
      comparison with those produced by ultraviolet irradiation.
AB  - 1. Mutants produced by x-irradiation of fungal spores of Chaetomium globosum have
      been compared with those produced by ultraviolet irradiation. 2. The most
      striking difference between the mutants produced by x-irradiation and ultraviolet
      irradiation is the absence in x-ray experiments of the K mutant which is produced
      in large numbers at short ultraviolet wave lengths. 3. A comparison is made of
      the relation between x-ray dose and numbers of lethal mutants, and the relation
      between the short ultraviolet wave length 2804 dose and numbers of lethal
      mutants. Both are compared with theoretical curves for 1, 2, 5, and 8 quantum
      hits. 4. The production of lethal mutants by x-rays is shown to be consistent
      with the theoretical curve for five quantum hits on the sensitive spot of the
      spore, whereas the production of lethal mutants by the ultraviolet wave length
      2804 A.u. is consistent with two quantum hits.

PMID- 18131869
TI  - Respiration of the tissues of some invertebrates and its inhibition by cyanide.
AB  - A study of the metabolism of Bermuda marine invertebrates at 25 degrees C. shows
      that the respiratory rates of many of the tissues approximate those of vertebrate
      tissues at the same temperature. There is no apparent correlation between
      respiratory rate and phylogenetic development: tissues from some of the simpler
      forms use as much oxygen per unit weight as those from certain of the more highly
      developed animals. Cyanide inhibition experiments reveal a great variation in the
      amount of oxygen consumption which is dependent upon sensitive heavy metal
      systems. Three types of tissues, the jellyfish Cassiopea frondosa, the branchial
      tree of the sea cucumber, Stichopus mobii, and two kinds of tunicates, were
      completely unaffected by even 10(-2)M HCN. Other tissues such as sea urchin
      sperm, squid gills, and lobster nerve and muscle were almost completely inhibited
      by much lower concentrations. Most of the materials retained 20 to 40 per cent of
      the normal respiratory rate in 10(-2)M HCN. The possibility that vanadium may
      play a part in the oxidation-reduction systems of the completely resistant
      animals is discussed. There is a thousandfold variation in the concentration of
      cyanide required to produce 50 per cent inhibition of respiration in the
      different tissues. Sea urchin sperm is 50 per cent inhibited by 10(-6)M HCN: the
      sea fan requires 10(-3)M for the same effect. Other tissues lie at intermediate
      points. When the logarithm of the ratio of the inhibited to the uninhibited
      respiration is plotted against the concentration of cyanide the resulting line
      has a slope which in most cases approximates 1. This indicates that one mole of
      enzyme ordinarily combines with one mole of inhibitor. Eggs of the sea urchin,
      Tripneustes esculentus, show a three- to fivefold increase in the rate of oxygen
      uptake on fertilization. The respiration of both the fertilized and unfertilized
      eggs is almost entirely inhibited by 10(-4)M HCN. Cell division in the fertilized
      eggs is blocked by somewhat less than 10(-5)M cyanide, a concentration which
      reduces respiration to 40 per cent of the normal level.

PMID- 18131870
TI  - Correlation of the aquarium goldfish toxicities of some phenols, quinones, and
      other benzene derivatives with their inhibition of autooxidative reactions.
AB  - Hydroquinone when added to the aquarium water was found to be about a hundred
      times more toxic than phenol, to goldfish (and to Daphnia magna), but is only
      about twice as toxic when injected into fish or mammals. Tertiarybutyl catechol
      shows a similar high toxicity in the aquarium, while the toxicity of catechol,
      resorcinol, and pyrogallol approaches more closely that of phenol. As the
      substances of high aquarium toxicity are known to inhibit many oxidative and
      polymerizing autocatalytic "chain reactions," rank correlations were tabulated
      between the recorded inhibitory potency of various substances in these processes,
      and their aquarium toxicity for goldfish. The correlation between aquarium fish
      toxicity and electric oxidation potential (P 0.09) is more than suggestive, and
      becomes still more so if explainable discrepancies are excluded. Antioxidant fat
      stabilizers show suggestive correlation with fish toxicity (0.20), and better
      with electric oxidation potential (0.10). The photographic reduction potential
      gives suggestive correlation with fish toxicity (0.20) and somewhat better with
      the oxidation potential (0.15). The gasoline induction period correlation is more
      than suggestive with the oxidation potential (0.099), but rather poor for fish
      toxicity (0.265). The rubber anti-aging potency gives only poor correlation
      (0.39) with fish toxicity. The reasons for these divergencies are not clear; they
      may perhaps be connected with the solvent properties of the substrate. As an
      example, Lea (p. 175) cites that 0.01 per cent of maleic acid prevents rancidity
      of fats, but is rendered ineffective by the presence of water. Taken by
      themselves, no one of the P values is entirely convincing of the relationships
      stressed in this paper. However, the consistent finding of relatively small
      values of P lends considerable weight to the hypothesis that these chemicals act
      in a related manner; and that the chemical activity of a substance may furnish
      useful suggestions of its biologic potency, perhaps more so than the chemical
      constitution as such. The aquarium toxicity, for goldfish is a convenient means
      of classifying the biologic potency.

PMID- 18131871
TI  - Oxygen tension measurement by a method of time selection using the static
      platinum electrode with alternating potential.
AB  - 1. The possibility of obtaining sustained and reproducible results in the
      analysis of dissolved oxygen with simple platinum electrodes by means of the
      application of a periodic potential pattern was explored over a wide range of
      frequencies and with a variety of wave forms. 2. Satisfactory results were
      obtained by the application in the frequency range of 5 to 10 C.P.M. of a square
      wave consisting of a positive and a negative pulse with interposed shorting
      periods and observing the current flowing at the end of each successive negative
      pulse. This was found to be linearly proportional to O(2) concentration for a
      pulse duration of the order of 1 second when the RC constant of the circuit was
      sufficiently small. 3. An instrument was developed to provide the required wave
      form and record the terminal currents of the negative pulses. The instrument
      provides either for recording of current voltage curves (polarograms) or for
      continuous recording at a fixed voltage of diffusion limited current values. 4.
      Typical measurements of oxygen uptake with yeast suspensions illustrate the
      application of the technique to problems requiring frequent determinations during
      short intervals. 5. Applications of this technique to biological and other
      problems are indicated with its limitations.

PMID- 18131873
TI  - An interpretation of pseudo-conditioning.

PMID- 18131872
TI  - Crystalline pneumococcus antibody.
AB  - 1. The immune precipitate formed by antipneumococcus horse serum and the specific
      polysaccharide is not hydrolyzed by trypsin as is the diphtheria toxin-antitoxin
      complex, and purified pneumococcus antibody cannot be isolated by the method used
      for the isolation and crystallization of diphtheria antitoxin. 2. Type I
      pneumococcus antibody, completely precipitable by Type I polysaccharide, may be
      obtained from immune horse serum globulin by precipitation of the inert proteins
      with acid potassium phthalate. 3. The antibody obtained in this way may be
      fractionated by precipitation with ammonium sulfate into three main parts. One is
      insoluble in neutral salts but soluble from pH 4.5 to 3.0 and from pH 9.5 to
      10.5. This is the largest fraction. A second fraction is soluble in 0.05 to 0.2
      saturated ammonium sulfate and the third fraction is soluble in 0.2 saturated
      ammonium sulfate and precipitated by 0.35 saturated ammonium sulfate. The second
      fraction can be further separated by precipitation with 0.17 saturated ammonium
      sulfate to yield a small amount of protein which is soluble in 0.17 saturated
      ammonium sulfate but insoluble in 0.25 saturated ammonium sulfate. This fraction
      crystallizes in poorly formed, rounded rosettes. 4. The crystallization does not
      improve the purity of the antibody and is accompanied by the formation of an
      insoluble protein as in the case of diphtheria antitoxin. 5. None of the
      fractions obtained is even approximately homogeneous as determined by solubility
      measurements. 6. Purified antibody has also been obtained by dissociating the
      antigen-antibody complex. 7. The protective value of the fractions is quite
      different; that of the dissociated antibody being the highest and that of the
      insoluble fraction, the lowest. 8. All the fractions are immunologically specific
      since they do not precipitate with Type II polysaccharide nor protect against
      Type II pneumococci. 9. All the fractions give a positive precipitin reaction
      with antihorse rabbit serum. The dissociated antibody gives the least reaction.
      10. Comparison of the various fractions, either by their solubility in salt
      solution or through immunological reactions, indicates that there are a large
      number of proteins present in immune horse serum, all of which precipitate with
      the specific polysaccharide but which have very different protective values,
      different reactions with antihorse rabbit serum, and different solubility in salt
      solutions.

PMID- 18131874
TI  - Emotion as disorganized response; a reply to professor Leeper.

PMID- 18131875
TI  - Value, need, and other factors in perception.

PMID- 18131876
TI  - A theory relating momentary effective reaction potential to response latency.

PMID- 18131877
TI  - Homeostasis and servo-mechanisms for what?

PMID- 18131878
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131879
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131880
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131881
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131882
TI  - Variation in the hospital care of premature infants.

PMID- 18131883
TI  - The care of premature infants in New York City.

PMID- 18131884
TI  - Relation of nutrition to infection in children.

PMID- 18131885
TI  - Laboratory tests in the diagnosis of brucellosis.

PMID- 18131886
TI  - Chronic brucellosis; the unsatisfactory status of current diagnostic methods.

PMID- 18131887
TI  - Rabies vaccine encephalomyelitis in relation to the incidence of animal rabies in
      Los Angeles.

PMID- 18131888
TI  - Techniques of counseling in regard to health problems.

PMID- 18131889
TI  - Progress report on Hospital Survey and Construction Act.

PMID- 18131891
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131890
TI  - QUALITY of medical care in a national health program.

PMID- 18131892
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131893
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131894
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131895
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131896
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131897
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131898
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131899
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131900
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131901
TI  - Preventive medical services for the family.

PMID- 18131902
TI  - Characteristics of stable and non-stable families in the morbidity study in the
      eastern Health District of Baltimore.

PMID- 18131903
TI  - Cultural differences and census concepts.

PMID- 18131904
TI  - The sixth revision of the international lists of diseases and causes of death.

PMID- 18131905
TI  - Internationally comparable statistics of food and agriculture.

PMID- 18131906
TI  - Statistics of the distribution of family incomes by size.

PMID- 18131907
TI  - General assessment of international statistics and outlook for the future.

PMID- 18131908
TI  - The control of typhoid fever.

PMID- 18131909
TI  - A small epidemic with meningeal symptoms simulating leptospiral infection.

PMID- 18131911
TI  - Characteristics of commercial X-ray screens and films.

PMID- 18131910
TI  - Studies of pulmonary findings and antigen sensitivity among student nurses;
      relationship of pulmonary calcification with sensitivity to tuberculin and to
      histoplasmin.

PMID- 18131912
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131913
TI  - Algae control; experiences and practices at Danbury, Conn.

PMID- 18131914
TI  - Tannin interference in dissolved oxygen determinations.

PMID- 18131915
TI  - Rotational roentgen therapy in the horizontal plane.

PMID- 18131916
TI  - Experimental study of contrast media for cerebral angiography with reference to
      possible injurious effects on the cerebral blood vessels.

PMID- 18131917
TI  - Osteogenic sarcoma; along what lines should it be treated?

PMID- 18131918
TI  - On fractures of the carpal bones, especially of the scaphoid.

PMID- 18131919
TI  - Some recent results with my kymographic method; multiple centers rotating
      kymography.

PMID- 18131920
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131921
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131922
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131923
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131924
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131926
TI  - Radiography of children's chests.

PMID- 18131925
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131927
TI  - Radiography of variable chest densities.

PMID- 18131928
TI  - Veterinary radiography.

PMID- 18131929
TI  - Early roentgenologic changes in idiopathic ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 18131930
TI  - The osseous lesions of sarcoidosis.

PMID- 18131931
TI  - Early roentgen recognition of lower-lobe tuberculosis.

PMID- 18131932
TI  - Contrast enema in lateral recumbency; aimed gas filling of the colon.

PMID- 18131933
TI  - The angiographic demonstration of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula.

PMID- 18131934
TI  - The compatibility of castor oil and priodax in concurrent examination of the
      colon and gallbladder.

PMID- 18131935
TI  - Mycetoma pedis.

PMID- 18131936
TI  - Iliac horns; an osseous manifestation of hereditary arthrodysplasia associated
      with dystrophy of the fingernails.

PMID- 18131937
TI  - Arteriosclerotic aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta presenting to the
      right of the spine.

PMID- 18131938
TI  - An accessory bone and other bilateral skeletal anomalies of the elbow.

PMID- 18131939
TI  - Effect of roentgen therapy on mouse encephalitis.

PMID- 18131940
TI  - Psychological factors in atomic warfare.

PMID- 18131941
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131942
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131943
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131944
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131945
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131946
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131947
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131948
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131949
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131950
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131951
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131952
TI  - The relief of pain in chronic (calcareous) pancreatitis by sympatheotomy.

PMID- 18131953
TI  - Blood and available fluid (thiocyanate) volume studies in surgical patients;
      normal patterns of response of the blood volume, available fluid, protein,
      chloride, and hematocrit in the postoperative surgical patient.

PMID- 18131954
TI  - Clinical studies of the heparin cofactor.

PMID- 18131955
TI  - Abdominoperineal removal of low lying cancer of the rectum; 5-year cures and
      local recurrences.

PMID- 18131956
TI  - The diagnosis and repair of pseudarthrosis of the spine.

PMID- 18131957
TI  - Aureomycin treatment of urinary tract infections.

PMID- 18131958
TI  - Study on the relief of obstruction in the common bile duct and in the papilla of
      Vater.

PMID- 18131959
TI  - Outlet pelvimetry; results in measuring the symphysis-biparietal and sacral
      biparietal diameters in 145 primiparous women.

PMID- 18131960
TI  - The biological chemistry of wound healing; the effect of di-methionine on the
      healing of surface wounds.

PMID- 18131961
TI  - The physiological effects of curare; its failure to pass the placental membrane
      or inhibit uterine contractions.

PMID- 18131962
TI  - Observations on the macrocytic anemia associated with pregnancy.

PMID- 18131963
TI  - Primary splenic panhematopenia.

PMID- 18131964
TI  - The present evaluation of the prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis and
      pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 18131965
TI  - The management of recovery from venous thrombosis in the lower limbs.

PMID- 18131966
TI  - Furano-compounds; the synthesis of kellin and related compounds.

PMID- 18131967
TI  - An X-ray and thermal examination of the glycerides; symmetrical mono-oleoyl and
      monoelaidoyl disaturated triglycerides.

PMID- 18131968
TI  - Synthetic oestrogens related to triphenylethylene.

PMID- 18131969
TI  - Synthetic antimalarials; some N1-p-chlorophenyl-N2: N4: N5-trialkyldiguanides and
      other related miscellaneous diguanide types.

PMID- 18131970
TI  - The primary thermal oxidation product of squalene.

PMID- 18131971
TI  - The bromination of dimethoxystilbenes.

PMID- 18131972
TI  - The early results of sympathectomy in far-advanced arteriosclerotic peripheral
      vascular disease.

PMID- 18131973
TI  - The arteriosclerotic popliteal aneurysm; a report of 14 patients treated by a
      preliminary lumbar sympathetic ganglionectomy and aneurysmectomy.

PMID- 18131974
TI  - Complications resulting from injuries to major arteries.

PMID- 18131975
TI  - The corticoadrenal factor in hypertension.

PMID- 18131976
TI  - Hyperhidrosis; observations on the study of 61 cases.

PMID- 18131977
TI  - Portacaval anastomosis for portal hypertension.

PMID- 18131978
TI  - Prevention of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism by electrical stimulation
      of leg muscles.

PMID- 18131979
TI  - A comparison of sympatholytic effects of priscol, etamon, and dibenamine in dogs
      with results of actual sympathectomy.

PMID- 18131980
TI  - The relationship of gastric acidity to gastric and extragastric neoplasms.

PMID- 18131981
TI  - Osteomyelitis caused by Salmonella paratyphi (Bacillus paratyphosus A).

PMID- 18131982
TI  - Primary resection of gangrenous ileum with anastomosis and survival in a 19-day
      old infant; a case report.

PMID- 18131983
TI  - Primary teratomas of the lateral retroperitoneal spaces.

PMID- 18131984
TI  - Studies of deep circulatory response to short wave diathermy and microwave
      diathermy in man.

PMID- 18131985
TI  - Changes in joint temperature produced by diseases and by physical therapy;
      preliminary report.

PMID- 18131986
TI  - Rehabilitation of the chronic medically ill.

PMID- 18131987
TI  - Contribution to the rehabilitation of quadriplegic patients.

PMID- 18131988
TI  - An exercise glove for quadriplegias.

PMID- 18131989
TI  - Statistical survey of cases of acute anterior poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18131990
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131991
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131992
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131993
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131994
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131995
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131996
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131997
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131998
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18131999
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132000
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132001
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132002
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132003
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132004
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132005
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132006
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132007
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132008
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132009
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132010
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132011
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132012
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132013
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132014
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132015
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132016
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132017
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132019
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132018
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132020
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132021
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132022
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132023
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132025
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132024
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132026
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132027
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132028
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132029
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132030
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132031
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132032
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132033
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132035
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132034
TI  - Studies on malaria in Italy during World War II, with special consideration of
      the region of Frosinone.

PMID- 18132036
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132037
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment in latent amoebiasis with special reference to cases
      presenting with pyrexia alone.

PMID- 18132038
TI  - The eradication of schistosomiasis; a plea for a rational approach to the
      problem.

PMID- 18132039
TI  - Splenic abscess in the tropics.

PMID- 18132040
TI  - On pernicious attacks of malaria in childhood.

PMID- 18132041
TI  - Dental defects observed on the Pacific coast of South America.

PMID- 18132042
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132043
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132044
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132045
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132046
TI  - Late nontuberculous complications of calcified hilus lymph nodes.

PMID- 18132047
TI  - Observations on lower lobe disease in pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18132048
TI  - Insulin in the treatment of tuberculous patients with anorexia; a modified
      technique.

PMID- 18132049
TI  - Tuberculosis of the trachea and major bronchi; results of treatment with
      streptomycin.

PMID- 18132050
TI  - Toxicity of streptomycin for the auditory and vestibular mechanisms.

PMID- 18132051
TI  - Repeated transcutaneous autolytic tuberculin tests in children.

PMID- 18132052
TI  - A slide culture method for the early detection and observation of growth of the
      tubercle bacillus; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18132053
TI  - The pharmacologic and chemotherapeutic action of some new sulfones and
      streptomycin in experimental tuberculosis.

PMID- 18132054
TI  - Neomycin activity upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria.

PMID- 18132055
TI  - The use of the mouse in a standardized test for antituberculous activity of
      compounds of natural or synthetic origin; choice and standardization of culture.

PMID- 18132056
TI  - The use of the mouse in a standardized test for antituberculous activity of
      compounds of natural or synthetic origin; choice of mouse strain.

PMID- 18132057
TI  - The use of the mouse in a standardized test for antituberculous activity of
      compounds of natural or synthetic origin; the standardized test.

PMID- 18132058
TI  - The use of biometric methods in comparison of acid-fast allergens.

PMID- 18132059
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132060
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132061
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132062
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132064
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132063
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132065
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132066
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132067
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132068
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132069
TI  - Maternal and congenital syphilis.

PMID- 18132070
TI  - Experimental sensitization with food dyes and cross-sensitization to
      paraphenylenediamine.

PMID- 18132071
TI  - Fixed anaphylactic sensitization; bromsulphalein studies.

PMID- 18132072
TI  - The chemical isolation and biologic assay of extracellular antigenic fractions
      from pathogenic fungi.

PMID- 18132074
TI  - Sensitivity to edible vegetable oils.

PMID- 18132073
TI  - Studies of capillary permeability in allergy with the dermofluorometer.

PMID- 18132075
TI  - A statistical study of the emotional component in allergy; its relationship to
      the age and sex distribution of 5,533 patients.

PMID- 18132076
TI  - Transitory pulmonary infiltrations (Loeffler's syndrome) with case report.

PMID- 18132077
TI  - Vaccinal infection in children with atopic dermatitis.

PMID- 18132080
TI  - The infectiousness of measles.

PMID- 18132079
TI  - Influence of nutrition in experimental infection.

PMID- 18132081
TI  - A note on the analysis of grouped probit data.

PMID- 18132082
TI  - The estimation and comparison of residual regressions where there are two or more
      related sets of observations.

PMID- 18132083
TI  - Cumulants of multivariate multinomial distributions.

PMID- 18132084
TI  - The spectral theory of discrete stochastic processes.

PMID- 18132085
TI  - On a property of distributions admitting sufficient statistics.

PMID- 18132086
TI  - On the estimation of dispersion by linear systematic statistics.

PMID- 18132087
TI  - On the reconciliation of theories of probability.

PMID- 18132088
TI  - A note on the subdivision of chi2 into components.

PMID- 18132089
TI  - The first and second moments of some probability distributions arising from
      points on a lattice and their application.

PMID- 18132090
TI  - Systems of frequency curves generated by methods of translation.

PMID- 18132091
TI  - Rank and product-moment correlation.

PMID- 18132093
TI  - A further note on the mean deviation from the median.

PMID- 18132092
TI  - The non-central chi2- and F-distributions and their applications.

PMID- 18132094
TI  - The biology of Cephalonomia waterstoni Gahan.

PMID- 18132095
TI  - The biology of Laemophloeus ferrugineus (Steph.).

PMID- 18132096
TI  - The ecological determinants of population growth in a Drosophila culture; larval
      and pupal survival.

PMID- 18132097
TI  - The ecological determinants of population growth in a Drosophila culture; the
      significance of successive batches of larvae.

PMID- 18132098
TI  - The ecological determinants of population growth in a Drosophila culture; the
      adult population count.

PMID- 18132099
TI  - The ecological determinants of population growth in a Drosophila culture; the
      total population count.

PMID- 18132100
TI  - Breeding performance of rats exposed repeatedly to 18,000 feet simulated
      altitude.

PMID- 18132101
TI  - The modification of developmental patterns in the sand dollar with maleic acid.

PMID- 18132103
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132102
TI  - Dominance relations between different breeds of domestic hens.

PMID- 18132104
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132105
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132106
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132107
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132108
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132109
TI  - Cancer and occupation in the Netherlands.

PMID- 18132110
TI  - The malignancy of cancer at different ages; a histological study.

PMID- 18132111
TI  - Spontaneous hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma in the duck; an
      experimental study.

PMID- 18132112
TI  - The effects of castration and stilboestrol on prostatic tumours in mice.

PMID- 18132113
TI  - Mammary tumours in hybrid mice; the presence and transmission of the mammary
      tumour agent.

PMID- 18132114
TI  - Mammary tumours in hybrid mice; hormone-responses of transplanted tumours.

PMID- 18132115
TI  - Survival of the milk factor in a transplantable breast tumour in mice.

PMID- 18132116
TI  - A drying apparatus for the study of tumour transmission.

PMID- 18132117
TI  - The survival of activity of mouse sarcoma tissue after freezing and drying.

PMID- 18132118
TI  - The preservation of suspension of tumour cells in dextrose at low temperatures.

PMID- 18132119
TI  - The effect of a restricted diet on mitotic activity in the mouse.

PMID- 18132120
TI  - Epidermal mitotic activity and the induction of skin tumours in mice.

PMID- 18132121
TI  - Primary pancreatic tumours in rats fed p-dimethylaminoazobenzene.

PMID- 18132122
TI  - The influence of solvents on tissue response to carcinogenic hydrocarbons.

PMID- 18132123
TI  - 3:4-Benzpyrene as an -SH inhibitor.

PMID- 18132124
TI  - Displacement chromatography on synthetic ion-exchange resins; the separation of
      organic acids and acidic amino-acids by the use of anion-exchange resins.

PMID- 18132125
TI  - Displacement chromatography on synthetic ion-exchange resins; fractionation of a
      protein hydrolysate.

PMID- 18132137
TI  - The fate of certain organic acids and amides in the rabbit; an amidase of rabbit
      liver.

PMID- 18132138
TI  - The enzymic hydrolysis of glutamine and its spontaneous decomposition in buffer
      solutions.

PMID- 18132141
TI  - The use of the Waring blender in biochemical work.

PMID- 18132140
TI  - Regulation of urinary steroid excretion; effects of dehydroisoandrosterone and of
      anterior pituitary extract on the pattern of daily excretion in man.

PMID- 18132143
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132144
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132145
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132147
TI  - Hereditary dentinogenesis imperfecta (opalescent dentine).

PMID- 18132148
TI  - Welding at 3,000 degrees C. in the mouth.

PMID- 18132146
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132150
TI  - Decrease in caries frequency in Norwegian children during World War II.

PMID- 18132149
TI  - DENTURE production; dust collecting unit.

PMID- 18132151
TI  - Stop, look and listen.

PMID- 18132152
TI  - Medication and pulp protection for the deep cavity in a child's tooth.

PMID- 18132153
TI  - Gingival biopsy; a new technic for diagnosis of generalized amyloidosis.

PMID- 18132154
TI  - Dental caries; factors in susceptibility and current methods of control.

PMID- 18132155
TI  - Hospital routine in oral surgery.

PMID- 18132156
TI  - Diagnosis of problems in complete denture prosthesis.

PMID- 18132157
TI  - Report of an oral examination on 1,000 school children in the Dominican Republic.

PMID- 18132158
TI  - Anodontia in a child; report of a case.

PMID- 18132159
TI  - Copper amalgam does not belong in dentistry for children.

PMID- 18132160
TI  - Dentistry's greatest challenge; the emotional security of children.

PMID- 18132161
TI  - Dentistry and the cerebral palsied child.

PMID- 18132162
TI  - A study of the effectiveness of a treatment for primary molars with exposed pulp,
      including the use of silver nitrate.

PMID- 18132163
TI  - Dentistry for children as a public health problem.

PMID- 18132164
TI  - The role of the coronoid in ankylosis of the jaw.

PMID- 18132165
TI  - Report of a case and management of radiation necrosis of the mandible.

PMID- 18132166
TI  - The control of dental diseases through the program of the American Dental
      Association.

PMID- 18132167
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132168
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132169
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132170
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132171
TI  - Supernumerary tooth bud in the maxillary antrum.

PMID- 18132172
TI  - Procedure in a caries control laboratory.

PMID- 18132173
TI  - Aureomycin; its use in infections of the oral cavity; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18132174
TI  - Nutrition history; an essential tool in dietary counseling for prevention and
      control of dental caries.

PMID- 18132175
TI  - Experiments with inhalation anesthetics.

PMID- 18132176
TI  - The role of general anesthesia in the dental office.

PMID- 18132177
TI  - The use of the Bullowa nasal inhaler in exodontia and oral surgery.

PMID- 18132178
TI  - The development of oral pathology as a specialty in dentistry.

PMID- 18132179
TI  - A critical review of the Aisenberg theory of periodontal pocket formation.

PMID- 18132180
TI  - The etiology of dental caries; a correlation of reports.

PMID- 18132181
TI  - Chlorophyll as a potential caries-preventive agent.

PMID- 18132182
TI  - The etiology of dental caries; the mechanism of caries reduction by topical
      application of fluorides.

PMID- 18132183
TI  - [Contribution to the study of the dental granuloma].

PMID- 18132184
TI  - [Between infection and allergy].

PMID- 18132185
TI  - [Periapical ossifying fibroma; roentgenological studies (transl.)].

PMID- 18132186
TI  - [Contribution to the treatment of periodontal disease and other ailments
      surgical].

PMID- 18132187
TI  - [Periodontal disease and cure].

PMID- 18132188
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132189
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132190
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132191
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132192
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132193
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132194
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132195
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132196
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132197
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132198
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132199
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132200
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132201
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132202
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132203
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132204
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132205
TI  - [Facial neuralgia].

PMID- 18132206
TI  - [Teeth of the Greek children].

PMID- 18132207
TI  - [Gold in dentistry].

PMID- 18132208
TI  - [Dermatological experiences in a big factory].

PMID- 18132209
TI  - [Study of the pathogenesis of skin affections due to shampoos].

PMID- 18132210
TI  - [Modern trends in dermatology].

PMID- 18132211
TI  - [Effect of penicillin and streptomycin in a case of subacute exacerbating lupus
      erythematosus].

PMID- 18132212
TI  - [Combination of dermatitis herpetiformis Durhring with epidermolysis bullosa
      traumatica hereditaria].

PMID- 18132213
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132214
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132215
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132216
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132217
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132218
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132219
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132220
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132221
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132222
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132223
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132224
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132225
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132226
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132227
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132228
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132229
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132230
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132231
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132233
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132232
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132234
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132235
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132236
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132237
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132238
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132239
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132240
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132241
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132242
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132243
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132245
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132246
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132244
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132247
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132248
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132249
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132250
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132251
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132252
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132253
TI  - Estrogen production by the testis.

PMID- 18132254
TI  - Metabolic actions and fate of intravenously administered adrenocorticotropic
      hormone in man.

PMID- 18132255
TI  - The renal clearance of chorionic gonadotropic hormone in pregnancy, in neoplasm
      of the testis and in hydatidiform mole.

PMID- 18132256
TI  - Coarctation of the aorta associated with abnormal digits, ovarian insufficiency
      and shortness of stature.

PMID- 18132257
TI  - Ovarian granulosa cell tumor and acromegaly.

PMID- 18132258
TI  - Estimation of urinary gonadotropin of the nonpregnant human by the mouse uterine
      weight and ovarian hyperemia responses.

PMID- 18132259
TI  - The excretion of neutral lipid-soluble reducing substances by infants.

PMID- 18132260
TI  - Hypersensitivity to pitressin.

PMID- 18132261
TI  - The tubercle bacillus and tuberculosis.

PMID- 18132262
TI  - The comparative biochemistry of photosynthesis.

PMID- 18132263
TI  - Lakes in the desert.

PMID- 18132264
TI  - The physical significance of the reciprocal lattice of crystals.

PMID- 18132265
TI  - Numerology and the cosmos.

PMID- 18132266
TI  - The contractions of single motor units.

PMID- 18132267
TI  - Felting and its prevention.

PMID- 18132268
TI  - Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas).

PMID- 18132269
TI  - Prohibition and health.

PMID- 18132270
TI  - A new synchytrium on Phaseolus mungo.

PMID- 18132271
TI  - The optimum pH of Clostridium lactoacetophilum.

PMID- 18132272
TI  - GHEE; its production and marketing.

PMID- 18132273
TI  - Biological activities of the public health program of the Tennessee Valley
      Authority.

PMID- 18132274
TI  - Components found in wood oil.

PMID- 18132275
TI  - A practical test on the use of the microscope in general biology.

PMID- 18132276
TI  - Observations on pseudopregnancy and associated body weight changes in the golden
      hamster.

PMID- 18132277
TI  - Echinococcus granulosus in Kentucky dogs.

PMID- 18132278
TI  - The case of Daniel P.; an example of Seneca healing.

PMID- 18132279
TI  - Pliocene plants from Cachee Valley, Utah.

PMID- 18132281
TI  - Solar flares and their terrestrial effects.

PMID- 18132280
TI  - The origin and classification of the trombiculid mites, or Trombiculidae.

PMID- 18132282
TI  - Concerning new elementary particles in cosmic rays.

PMID- 18132283
TI  - Photoconductivity of naphthalene and anthracene.

PMID- 18132284
TI  - Paper partition chromatography of riboflavin decomposition products.

PMID- 18132285
TI  - Photoperiodic control of leaf growth and cambial activity in Pinus sylvestris.

PMID- 18132286
TI  - Fossil pollen of Metasequoia type.

PMID- 18132287
TI  - Application of similarity to an elasticity.

PMID- 18132288
TI  - Tumours associated with a virus infection in an insect.

PMID- 18132289
TI  - Ape or man? an incomplete chapter of human ancestry from South Africa.

PMID- 18132290
TI  - The helminths from a heavily parasitized fox squirrel, Sciuris niger.

PMID- 18132291
TI  - Some aspects of the distribution of larval parasites of the oriental fruit moth
      in Ohio.

PMID- 18132292
TI  - On the functional morphology of the alimentary tract of some fish in relation to
      differences in their feeding habits; anatomy and histology.

PMID- 18132293
TI  - Oogenesis in the desert snail Eremina desertorum with special reference to
      vitellogenesis.

PMID- 18132294
TI  - The distribution of alkaline phosphatase in the skull of the developing trout.

PMID- 18132295
TI  - Location of absorbed carcinogens within the amphibian cell.

PMID- 18132296
TI  - Aureomycin.

PMID- 18132298
TI  - Origins of geologic terms.

PMID- 18132297
TI  - Man's six-legged competitors.

PMID- 18132299
TI  - Irrigation agriculture along the Nile and the Euphrates.

PMID- 18132300
TI  - The genetics of the sickle-cell trait in a Bantu tribe.

PMID- 18132301
TI  - A pedigree showing some rare Rh genotypes.

PMID- 18132302
TI  - A non-existence theorem for an infinite family of symmetrical block designs.

PMID- 18132303
TI  - Parental and fraternal correlations for fitness.

PMID- 18132304
TI  - The meaning of fitness in human populations.

PMID- 18132305
TI  - Note on the elimination of insignificant variates in discriminatory analysis.

PMID- 18132306
TI  - The sib-sib age of onset correlation among individuals suffering from a
      hereditary syndrome produced by more than one gene.

PMID- 18132307
TI  - The truncated binomial distribution.

PMID- 18132308
TI  - A test for homogeneity of records of familial abnormalities.

PMID- 18132313
TI  - Modification of the frequency of chromosomal rearrangements induced by X-rays in
      Drosophila; post-treatment with near infra-red radiation.

PMID- 18132315
TI  - The production of dominant lethals with X-rays in aged Drosophila melanogaster
      sperm.

PMID- 18132317
TI  - Heat reaction states in the aged.

PMID- 18132316
TI  - Bacterial endocarditis in the elderly; a report of 94 autopsied cases.

PMID- 18132318
TI  - A brighter future for older people.

PMID- 18132319
TI  - Effect of choline on the prevention of experimental atherosclerosis.

PMID- 18132320
TI  - Cancer as a phenomenon of rejuvenescence.

PMID- 18132321
TI  - Plato's philosophy of old age.

PMID- 18132322
TI  - Rubella in pregnancy as an aetiological factor in congenital malformation,
      stillbirth, miscarriage and abortion.

PMID- 18132323
TI  - The haemangiomata of pregnancy.

PMID- 18132324
TI  - Schistosomiasis in gynaecology.

PMID- 18132325
TI  - The establishment of extra-uterine respiration.

PMID- 18132326
TI  - Observations on human leucocytes during the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 18132327
TI  - Foetal mortality in toxaemia of late pregnancy according to mode of delivery.

PMID- 18132328
TI  - Torsion of an ovarian cyst in a young child.

PMID- 18132329
TI  - Surgical induction of labour.

PMID- 18132330
TI  - Virilism and theca-cell hyperplasia of the ovary; a syndrome.

PMID- 18132331
TI  - Vaginal dilators.

PMID- 18132332
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132333
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132334
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132336
TI  - Hospital and health services.

PMID- 18132335
TI  - How the medical director can help the hospital.

PMID- 18132337
TI  - No snake pits here?

PMID- 18132338
TI  - The vocation, aim and task of hospitals.

PMID- 18132339
TI  - A note on the assay of antigenic polysaccharides and vaccines.

PMID- 18132340
TI  - The serologic diagnosis of mumps; a comparative study of three methods.

PMID- 18132341
TI  - Studies on diphtheria; the skin factor in the Schick reaction.

PMID- 18132342
TI  - Comparison of diagnostic methods for western equine and St. Louis encephalitis.

PMID- 18132343
TI  - Level of serum antibody associated with intracerebral immunity in monkeys
      vaccinated with Lansing poliomyelitis virus.

PMID- 18132344
TI  - Bovine plasma albumin in buffered saline solution as a diluent for viruses.

PMID- 18132345
TI  - The influence of certain serum factors on the neutralization of western equine
      encephalomyelitis virus.

PMID- 18132346
TI  - Hemagglutinating substances for human cells in various plants.

PMID- 18132347
TI  - The neutralization technique in tsutsugamushi disease and the antigenic
      differentiation of rickettsial strains.

PMID- 18132348
TI  - The care of the lead worker.

PMID- 18132349
TI  - An outbreak of cases of Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin.

PMID- 18132350
TI  - Skin sensitivity to cetrimide.

PMID- 18132351
TI  - Talc pneumoconiosis.

PMID- 18132352
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132353
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132355
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132354
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132356
TI  - Sturge-Weber syndrome.

PMID- 18132357
TI  - Soap, and soap as a vehicle for medicaments.

PMID- 18132358
TI  - Monilial infection of the thumb nail; report of a case.

PMID- 18132359
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132360
TI  - White spot disease.

PMID- 18132362
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132361
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132363
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132364
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132365
TI  - The exponential development of penicillin resistance by neisseria.

PMID- 18132366
TI  - Physiological and pathological observations on four strains of Trypanosoma cruzi.

PMID- 18132367
TI  - Diphtheria antitoxin estimations in the blood of the adult population of Bergen,
      Norway, just after a diphtheria epidemic.

PMID- 18132368
TI  - Streptomycin studies in tularemia; the effect of streptothricin and streptomycin
      on Bacterium tularense in vitro and in vivo (mouse).

PMID- 18132369
TI  - Streptomycin studies in tularemia; streptomycin therapy in white rats.

PMID- 18132371
TI  - The concentration of mumps virus.

PMID- 18132370
TI  - Streptomycin studies in tularemia; streptomycin therapy in monkeys.

PMID- 18132373
TI  - Nocardiosis, with a report of three cases of actinomycosis due to Nocardia
      asteroides.

PMID- 18132372
TI  - Release of the A2 isoagglutinogen-like substance of infectious organisms into
      human blood serum.

PMID- 18132374
TI  - Induced resistance to bacitracin in cultures of Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 18132375
TI  - The behavior of Pasteurella pestis in glycerin and rhamnose mediums.

PMID- 18132377
TI  - On early diagnosis of schizophrenia.

PMID- 18132376
TI  - Mucolytic enzyme systems; inhibition of hyaluronidase by serum in infectious
      diseases.

PMID- 18132378
TI  - Arthropathy of pelvic joints after overexertion in early ambulated puerperal
      patients.

PMID- 18132379
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of spleen due to infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 18132380
TI  - Pregnancy in essential thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 18132381
TI  - A post-investigation of 687 medically treated cases of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18132382
TI  - Influenza in Sweden in the light of investigations in recent years.

PMID- 18132383
TI  - A case of aleucia hemorrhagica (Frank) and panmyelophthisis posterior to urethane
      treatment in leukemia.

PMID- 18132384
TI  - Phonocardiographic studies on gallop rhythm.

PMID- 18132385
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132386
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132387
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132388
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132389
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132390
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132391
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132392
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132393
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132394
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132395
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132396
TI  - On the effect of hydrochloric acid upon gastric and duodenal motility.

PMID- 18132397
TI  - On the relation between gastric secretion and roentgenologic gas content of the
      colon.

PMID- 18132398
TI  - Absence of leukocytosis in pneumonia.

PMID- 18132399
TI  - Treatment with BAL of a case of thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 18132400
TI  - On dermatitis caused by formaldehyde and its compounds.

PMID- 18132401
TI  - A study of pericarditis in the light of a series observed in Finland; adherent
      pericardium and constrictio cordis; etiology and clinical significance.

PMID- 18132402
TI  - The basophil cells of the blood in tuberculosis.

PMID- 18132403
TI  - The surgical manifestations of sarcoidosis.

PMID- 18132404
TI  - Report by the director of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund.

PMID- 18132405
TI  - Non-union of fractures of the mandible.

PMID- 18132406
TI  - Proteolytic enzyme inhibitors of the blood in relation to neoplastic diseases;
      preliminary report.

PMID- 18132407
TI  - Management of decubitus ulcers in paraplegia.

PMID- 18132408
TI  - Potter syndrome; report of a case.

PMID- 18132409
TI  - Tracheotomy; newer indications.

PMID- 18132410
TI  - Metastatic carcinoma (bronchogenic) of the brain.

PMID- 18132411
TI  - Cervical vertebral subluxation.

PMID- 18132412
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132413
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132414
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132415
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132416
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132417
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132418
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132419
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132421
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132420
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132422
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132423
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132424
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132425
TI  - Treatment of 160 cases of erythroblastosis foetalis with replacement transfusion.

PMID- 18132426
TI  - A case of anamnestic reaction with Rh agglutinins.

PMID- 18132427
TI  - Carcinoma of the breast in castrated women.

PMID- 18132428
TI  - A case of mepacrine dermatitis.

PMID- 18132429
TI  - Self-castration.

PMID- 18132430
TI  - St. Thomas's parish vestry records and a body-snatching incident.

PMID- 18132431
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132432
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132433
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132434
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132435
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132436
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132437
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132438
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132440
TI  - Use of isotopes in man.

PMID- 18132439
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132441
TI  - The pathogenesis of irradiation sickness.

PMID- 18132442
TI  - Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 18132443
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132444
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132445
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132446
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132447
TI  - [Allergic reactions in workers employed in plants processing castor-oil seeds].

PMID- 18132448
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132449
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132450
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132451
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132452
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132453
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132454
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132455
TI  - Modern trends in diabetes.

PMID- 18132456
TI  - Transorbital intracranial stab wounds.

PMID- 18132457
TI  - Struma lymphomatosa; case report.

PMID- 18132458
TI  - Rheumatic brain disease as a cause of convulsions.

PMID- 18132459
TI  - Amoebic hepatic abscess with bronchohepatic fistula; report of a case.

PMID- 18132460
TI  - The value of vitamin B12 in pernicious anemia; preliminary report.

PMID- 18132461
TI  - A new diagnostic test for acute disseminated lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 18132462
TI  - Fatal magnesium poisoning following magnesium sulfate, glycerin, and water enema
      in primary megacolon.

PMID- 18132463
TI  - Symptoms following operation for peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18132464
TI  - The climacteric syndrome.

PMID- 18132465
TI  - An obstetric emergency service.

PMID- 18132466
TI  - The subcutaneous nodules of chronic rheumatoid arthritis; their clinical and
      pathological features.

PMID- 18132467
TI  - Oral hygiene and the prevention of dental caries.

PMID- 18132468
TI  - The mechanism of the vicious circle in chronic hypertension.

PMID- 18132470
TI  - A new method of clinical spirometry.

PMID- 18132469
TI  - The circulatory effects of mercurial diuretics in congestive heart failure.

PMID- 18132471
TI  - The respiratory response to carbon dioxide and anoxia in emphysema.

PMID- 18132472
TI  - Reaction to carbon dioxide in pneumokoniosis of coalminers.

PMID- 18132473
TI  - The effects of trauma on the chemical composition of the blood and tissues of
      man.

PMID- 18132474
TI  - Deposition of adipose tissue between ocular muscle fibres in thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 18132475
TI  - Local deposition of adipose tissue, experimentally induced.

PMID- 18132476
TI  - The plasma iodide clearance rate of the human thyroid.

PMID- 18132477
TI  - The estimation of radioiodine in the thyroid gland of living subjects.

PMID- 18132478
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132479
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132480
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132481
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132482
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132483
TI  - Intestinal intubation.

PMID- 18132484
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132486
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132485
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132487
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132488
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132489
TI  - [On syringe transmitted hepatitis and its role in the present epidemic of
      hepatitis in Finland].

PMID- 18132490
TI  - [Epidemic of jaundice in Finland 1943-48].

PMID- 18132492
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132491
TI  - [Heparin treatment of frostbite].

PMID- 18132494
TI  - Some problems in the diagnosis of meningeal tuberculosis.

PMID- 18132493
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132495
TI  - Industrial siderosis.

PMID- 18132496
TI  - Pulmonary haemosiderosis.

PMID- 18132497
TI  - Para-aminosalicylic acid in pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18132498
TI  - Treatment of tuberculous empyaema with para-aminosalicylic acid.

PMID- 18132499
TI  - Developments in the surgery of the labyrinth.

PMID- 18132500
TI  - [The place of immunization in collective prophylaxis].

PMID- 18132501
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132502
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132503
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132504
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132506
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132505
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132507
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132508
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132509
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132510
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132512
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132511
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132513
TI  - Tuberculosis among Yemenite Jews in Israel.

PMID- 18132514
TI  - Diabetes and tuberculosis [Hebrew text].

PMID- 18132515
TI  - Immigration and the problem of tuberculosis [Hebrew text].

PMID- 18132516
TI  - A new remedy for treatment of mycotic skin diseases [Hebrew text].

PMID- 18132517
TI  - Osteoporosis in elderly females.

PMID- 18132518
TI  - Acute appendicitis; a study of 1334 cases treated over 7-year period (1941-1948,
      inclusive) with particular reference to the mortality and morbidity factors.

PMID- 18132519
TI  - Mycosis fungoides with intense eosinophilia.

PMID- 18132520
TI  - Carbon tetrachloride intoxication; report of two cases.

PMID- 18132521
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132522
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132523
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132524
TI  - Retropubic prostatectomy.

PMID- 18132525
TI  - Cutaneous granuloma from accidental contamination with beryllium phosphors.

PMID- 18132526
TI  - Dermatitis venenata from organomercurial compounds; with a comparison of their
      pharmacologic action on normal and injured skin.

PMID- 18132527
TI  - Peroral administration of undecylenic acid in psoriasis.

PMID- 18132528
TI  - On allergy to cottonseed oil.

PMID- 18132529
TI  - Hyperpyrexia following thoracolumbar sympathectomy; report of two cases occurring
      during a heat wave.

PMID- 18132531
TI  - Brief stimulus convulsive therapy.

PMID- 18132530
TI  - What may be expected of radiation treatment of nonmalignant diseases.

PMID- 18132532
TI  - Coccygodynia; report of 150 cases.

PMID- 18132533
TI  - Preanesthetic medication and choice of anesthetic agent.

PMID- 18132534
TI  - The new A.M.A. public relations program.

PMID- 18132535
TI  - The Food and Drug Act.

PMID- 18132536
TI  - Circular thigh amputation for arteriosclerotic gangrene.

PMID- 18132537
TI  - The use of anticoagulants in surgical practice.

PMID- 18132538
TI  - Insulin mixtures in diabetes.

PMID- 18132539
TI  - Ingestion of foreign objects necessitating gastrotomy; report of four cases.

PMID- 18132540
TI  - State sterilization in Georgia.

PMID- 18132541
TI  - Malaria; a statistical, clinical and laboratory study.

PMID- 18132542
TI  - The diagnostic difficulties on non-paralytic poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18132543
TI  - Hemochromatosis; a case report.

PMID- 18132544
TI  - Differential diagnosis of peripheral vascular diseases.

PMID- 18132545
TI  - The importance of sigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 18132546
TI  - Religion and medicine.

PMID- 18132547
TI  - Juvenile delinquency and criminal homicide.

PMID- 18132548
TI  - Mickulicz's syndrome.

PMID- 18132549
TI  - [The early rise in abdominal surgery].

PMID- 18132550
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132551
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132552
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132554
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132553
TI  - The per diem excretion and isomer distribution of coproporphyrin in normal human
      urine.

PMID- 18132555
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132556
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132557
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132558
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132559
TI  - Public health and private medical practice.

PMID- 18132560
TI  - Amebiasis and its complications; diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 18132561
TI  - Correlation of roentgenograms of clubfeet with the basic pathologic anatomy.

PMID- 18132562
TI  - Thyrotropic exophthalmos from the viewpoint of the ophthalmologist.

PMID- 18132563
TI  - Intra-uterine volvulus of the ileum with absorption of the ileum in a full-term
      pregnancy.

PMID- 18132565
TI  - Regional enteritis.

PMID- 18132564
TI  - Nonsurgical biliary drainage for acute pancreatitis; two case reports.

PMID- 18132566
TI  - Anesthetic deaths in infants and children.

PMID- 18132567
TI  - Medical aspects of atomic energy.

PMID- 18132568
TI  - Chronic essential pentosuria; a report of three cases.

PMID- 18132569
TI  - Abscesses of liver and spleen, actinomycotic, with peritonitis, chronic and
      acute, diffuse.

PMID- 18132570
TI  - When does the general practitioner need the surgeon?

PMID- 18132571
TI  - Headache.

PMID- 18132572
TI  - Headache in medical diseases.

PMID- 18132573
TI  - Rationalism in regard to gynecologic operations.

PMID- 18132574
TI  - Sudden arterial occlusion.

PMID- 18132576
TI  - Liver biopsy in diagnosis of hepatic disease.

PMID- 18132575
TI  - Roentgen findings in carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 18132577
TI  - Hypertensive heart disease.

PMID- 18132578
TI  - Problems of the neonatal period.

PMID- 18132579
TI  - The newer antibiotics.

PMID- 18132580
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132581
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132582
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132583
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132584
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132585
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132586
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132587
TI  - Ileostomy and ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 18132589
TI  - A many-tailed tourniquet.

PMID- 18132590
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132588
TI  - The use of English male toads in pregnancy tests.

PMID- 18132591
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132592
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132593
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132594
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132595
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132596
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132597
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132598
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132599
TI  - The clotting mechanism and the bleeding diseases.

PMID- 18132600
TI  - The use of streptomycin in urology.

PMID- 18132601
TI  - Bile pigments in stool and urine.

PMID- 18132602
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132603
TI  - The general care of the cancer patient.

PMID- 18132604
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132605
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132606
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132607
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132608
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132609
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132610
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132611
TI  - Renal cysts and tumours; some surgical problems.

PMID- 18132612
TI  - Renal retinopathy.

PMID- 18132613
TI  - The incidence of parasitic infections in New South Wales.

PMID- 18132614
TI  - Sphenoidal sinusitis in adults.

PMID- 18132615
TI  - A contribution to the causation of atropine allergy.

PMID- 18132617
TI  - An unusual congenital cardiac anomaly.

PMID- 18132618
TI  - Health centers in the County of London.

PMID- 18132616
TI  - A case of aplastic anaemia due to gold therapy treated with BAL.

PMID- 18132619
TI  - The principles of spa treatment and its place in modern medical practice.

PMID- 18132620
TI  - Confusional mental states.

PMID- 18132621
TI  - Streptomycin treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18132622
TI  - ESSENTIAL hypertension.

PMID- 18132623
TI  - The choice of digitalis.

PMID- 18132624
TI  - A case of sarcoma and adenocarcinoma of the same uterus, alive 24 years after
      operation.

PMID- 18132625
TI  - A regimen for restoration of cardiovascular reserve.

PMID- 18132627
TI  - Supravesical extraperitoneal cesarean section.

PMID- 18132626
TI  - Pain in rectal surgery; a myth.

PMID- 18132628
TI  - The status of the medical profession in the new state of Israel.

PMID- 18132629
TI  - Pediatric anesthesia.

PMID- 18132630
TI  - The anatomy of the tongue.

PMID- 18132631
TI  - The clinical thermometer.

PMID- 18132632
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132633
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132634
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132635
TI  - Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis; preliminary report.

PMID- 18132636
TI  - Psychogenic factors in cardiospasm.

PMID- 18132637
TI  - Placenta accreta with uterine perforation; report of a case.

PMID- 18132638
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132639
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132640
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132641
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132642
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132643
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132645
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132644
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132646
TI  - Therapeutic problems encountered in acute poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18132647
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of common forms of respiratory allergy.

PMID- 18132648
TI  - The symptoms of cholecystitis.

PMID- 18132649
TI  - Invasion of blood vessels by soft tissue fibrosarcoma; report of three cases.

PMID- 18132650
TI  - The relation of the pathologist to the general practitioner.

PMID- 18132651
TI  - Radiographic evidence of intermittent protrusion of an intervertebral disc; case
      report.

PMID- 18132652
TI  - Medicine and its practitioners in Olmsted County prior to 1900.

PMID- 18132653
TI  - Congenital dislocation of the hip; early recognition and treatment during the
      first 6 months of life.

PMID- 18132654
TI  - Cough.

PMID- 18132655
TI  - Subarachnoid hemorrhage; diagnosis and management.

PMID- 18132656
TI  - Postabortal welchii infection.

PMID- 18132657
TI  - The indications for irradiation of nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue.

PMID- 18132659
TI  - Medicine in the Delta for the last 50 years.

PMID- 18132658
TI  - Management of meningitis in the light of present day therapy.

PMID- 18132660
TI  - Surgical lesions of the pancreas.

PMID- 18132661
TI  - Surgical lesions of the spinal cord; diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 18132662
TI  - Transfusion reactions among patients under general anesthesia.

PMID- 18132664
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132663
TI  - Graves' disease; treatment with radioiodine (I131).

PMID- 18132665
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132666
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132667
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132668
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132669
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132670
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132671
TI  - The protection of personnel engaged in roentgenology and radiology.

PMID- 18132672
TI  - Infarction of the interventricular septum.

PMID- 18132673
TI  - Fatal Jarish-Herxheimer reaction with sudden aneurysmal dilatation and complete
      bronchial occlusion following penicillin therapy.

PMID- 18132674
TI  - Acute appendicitis with concomitant situs inversus; report of a case.

PMID- 18132676
TI  - Physical medicine for rehabilitation and prevention of ill health.

PMID- 18132675
TI  - Granulosa cell tumor of ovary.

PMID- 18132677
TI  - Precancerous lesions of the skin.

PMID- 18132678
TI  - Routine management of carcinoma of the skin and lips.

PMID- 18132679
TI  - The problem of plantar radiodermatitis.

PMID- 18132680
TI  - Five-day ambulatory penicillin therapy of early syphilis.

PMID- 18132681
TI  - Cutaneous leishmaniasis; report of a case and summary of the newer concepts.

PMID- 18132682
TI  - A study of maternal deaths in New York City for 1947.

PMID- 18132683
TI  - The surgical treatment of chronic intractable pain.

PMID- 18132684
TI  - The significance of blood methylguanidine in poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18132685
TI  - Rational therapeutics of intestinal obstruction in infancy.

PMID- 18132686
TI  - The incidence of valvular heart disease in people over 50 and penicillin
      prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 18132687
TI  - Erythoroblastosis fetalis due to blood group A-B-O incompatibility.

PMID- 18132688
TI  - Segmental colitis associated with rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18132689
TI  - Clinical aspects of congenital cardiac lesions amenable to surgical therapy.

PMID- 18132690
TI  - The use of cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography in the diagnosis of
      congenital cardiac lesions.

PMID- 18132691
TI  - Revascularization of the heart.

PMID- 18132693
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132692
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132694
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132695
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132696
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132697
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132698
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132699
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132700
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132701
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132702
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132704
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132705
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132707
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132706
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132708
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132709
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132710
TI  - Fibrositis and psychogenic backache.

PMID- 18132711
TI  - Comparison of urinary chloride excretion in patients with ascites and cardiorenal
      disease.

PMID- 18132712
TI  - Hematologic variations in capillary blood.

PMID- 18132713
TI  - Endometrioma of the thigh.

PMID- 18132714
TI  - Reiter's disease; syndrome of arthritis, urethritis and conjunctivitis; report of
      case of 5 year's duration.

PMID- 18132716
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132715
TI  - Treatment of chronic alcoholism by intravenous barbiturates.

PMID- 18132717
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132718
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132719
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132720
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132721
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132722
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132723
TI  - [Antibiotics in neurology].

PMID- 18132724
TI  - [Influence of nicotinic acid on the level of blood sugar].

PMID- 18132725
TI  - [Ostitis fibrosa cystica localisata].

PMID- 18132726
TI  - [Epicrysis with plyglandular disturbances chiefly of pituitary gland and
      simultaneous chronic glomerulo-nephritis].

PMID- 18132727
TI  - [Penicillin and iodine treatments of gonorrhea].

PMID- 18132728
TI  - [Modern treatments of neoplasms of the genito-urinary tract].

PMID- 18132729
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132730
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132731
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132732
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132733
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132734
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132735
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132736
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132737
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132738
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132742
TI  - The medical management of ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 18132743
TI  - Therapeutic application of anion exchange resins in the treatment of peptic
      ulcer.

PMID- 18132744
TI  - Experience with a new insulin.

PMID- 18132745
TI  - Acrobrachycephaly (craniostenosis of coronal sutures) report of case.

PMID- 18132746
TI  - Osteoid osteoma; a clinical study of 20 cases.

PMID- 18132747
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132748
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132749
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132750
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132751
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132752
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132753
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132754
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132755
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132757
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132756
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132758
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132759
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132760
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132761
TI  - [Necrotizing enteritis and colitis, Darmbrand].

PMID- 18132762
TI  - [A contribution to the study of the incidence of psychoses and neuroses in
      associates of retirement institutes; social aspect].

PMID- 18132763
TI  - [Megacolon and its surgical treatment].

PMID- 18132764
TI  - [Upon a case of different forms and simultaneous manifestation of tuberculosis].

PMID- 18132765
TI  - [The crokeratosis verruciform of Hopf; considerations around the first Brazilian
      case].

PMID- 18132766
TI  - [Granuloma venereum; considerations upon a case treated by streptomycin].

PMID- 18132767
TI  - [Treatment of tuberculous lupus with calciferol combined with streptomycin].

PMID- 18132769
TI  - [Difficulties in the differential diagnosis between cerebral cysticercosis and
      neurolues].

PMID- 18132768
TI  - [Syphilis serology; study of 856 cases].

PMID- 18132770
TI  - [A case of inferior altitudinal hemianopsia by optic chiasmic arachnoiditis;
      surgical intervention].

PMID- 18132771
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132772
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132773
TI  - Bladder neck obstruction in women and children.

PMID- 18132774
TI  - A simple beside method for the determination of plasma salicylate.

PMID- 18132775
TI  - Severe bleeding of an esophageal varix controlled by oxycel.

PMID- 18132776
TI  - The treatment of status asthmaticus with intravenous ethyl alcohol.

PMID- 18132777
TI  - Fatal chronic peptic ulcer in the aged.

PMID- 18132778
TI  - Perspective in cancer research.

PMID- 18132779
TI  - Protective sterilization in the Rocky Mountain states.

PMID- 18132780
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132781
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132782
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132783
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132784
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132785
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132786
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132787
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132789
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132788
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132790
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132791
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132792
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132793
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132794
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132795
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132796
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132797
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132798
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132799
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132800
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132801
TI  - Rodents in relation to disease and their control.

PMID- 18132802
TI  - A hundred years of insecticides and repellents in the army; a historical summary.

PMID- 18132803
TI  - The B.A.O.R. ski and snow warfare school.

PMID- 18132804
TI  - Surgical and post-operative care of an omphalocele.

PMID- 18132805
TI  - Experience at a concentration camp.

PMID- 18132806
TI  - The Atterberry food poisoning case.

PMID- 18132808
TI  - APPROVED water supplies.

PMID- 18132807
TI  - Basic principles of roentgenology.

PMID- 18132809
TI  - ROLE of the visiting nurse on a military post.

PMID- 18132811
TI  - PROFESSIONAL courtesy.

PMID- 18132810
TI  - MESS sanitation.

PMID- 18132812
TI  - CUTANEOUS diphtheria.

PMID- 18132813
TI  - Comparative studies on nailed spinal fluid specimens.

PMID- 18132814
TI  - Proposed oral thermometer technique.

PMID- 18132815
TI  - Complications as the result of appendectomies observed at the 49th General
      Hospital.

PMID- 18132816
TI  - Psychophysiological study of mentally ill patients; the status of the peripheral
      autonomic nervous system as determined by the reaction to epinephrine and
      mecholyl.

PMID- 18132817
TI  - Twin studies on senescence.

PMID- 18132818
TI  - Evaluation of a psychiatric screening test; Cornell work form-I.

PMID- 18132819
TI  - A group therapy project with parents of behavior problem children in public
      schools.

PMID- 18132820
TI  - Affective learning and the student teacher relationship.

PMID- 18132821
TI  - Graded lobotomy.

PMID- 18132823
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132822
TI  - Psychiatric opportunities in a small community.

PMID- 18132824
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132825
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132826
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132827
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132828
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132829
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132830
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132831
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132832
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132833
TI  - [Upon the clinical significance of an appropriate classification of brain
      tumors].

PMID- 18132834
TI  - [Prefrontal leucotomy in schizophrenia, psychopathic epileptic; 76 cases operated
      upon observations].

PMID- 18132835
TI  - [Difficulty in differential diagnosis between brain cysticercosis and
      neurosyphilis].

PMID- 18132836
TI  - [Upon the contributions of psychoanalysis to education and mental prophylaxis].

PMID- 18132838
TI  - Sex and science; the Kinsey report.

PMID- 18132837
TI  - [Psychoses of involution; clan study of 50 cases with a view to prognosis and
      therapy].

PMID- 18132839
TI  - Juvenile warts removed with the use of hypnotic suggestion.

PMID- 18132840
TI  - Evaluation of progress in established physiochemical treatments in
      neuropsychiatry; the sue of electroshock in the total psychiatric treatment
      program.

PMID- 18132841
TI  - Technical observations on the use of independent ear electrodes.

PMID- 18132842
TI  - The adjustment to reality.

PMID- 18132843
TI  - Physical symptoms masking early psychiatric disorders.

PMID- 18132844
TI  - Liver function and nutrition in relation to toxic psychoses.

PMID- 18132845
TI  - Brief stimulus electric shock therapy.

PMID- 18132846
TI  - Psychosis due to thiocyanate treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 18132847
TI  - Principles underlying the projective techniques of personality measurement.

PMID- 18132848
TI  - Drawings as objective criteria for neurotic conflict and their change during
      psychoanalysis.

PMID- 18132849
TI  - Volunteer work with psychiatric patients.

PMID- 18132850
TI  - Opening the doors of the mental hospital to the public.

PMID- 18132851
TI  - The responsibility of the citizen in bridging the gap between mental hospital and
      community.

PMID- 18132852
TI  - Brief psychotherapy; a hospital program with participation of the social worker.

PMID- 18132853
TI  - Swimming as an activity therapy.

PMID- 18132854
TI  - Adoptive parents need help, too.

PMID- 18132855
TI  - Aggressive behavior.

PMID- 18132856
TI  - Reorientations in the mental-hygiene program.

PMID- 18132857
TI  - Vascular headache caused by arterialgia of the superficial temporal artery and
      its surgical treatment.

PMID- 18132858
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132859
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132860
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132861
TI  - Electroshock as a diagnostic aid in schizophrenia.

PMID- 18132862
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132864
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132863
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132865
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132866
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132867
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132868
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132869
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132870
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132871
TI  - The formation of the intraocular fluid.

PMID- 18132872
TI  - Aniridia with extopia lentis and secondary glaucoma; genetic, pathologic, and
      surgical considerations.

PMID- 18132873
TI  - A gene producing various defects of the anterior segment of the eye; with a
      pedigree of a family.

PMID- 18132875
TI  - Electrocoagulation of the sclera; reduction in ocular volume and pathologic
      changes produced.

PMID- 18132874
TI  - Three cases of Marcus Gunn phenomenon in two generations.

PMID- 18132876
TI  - Intraocular hemorrhages in young rats on choline-deficient diets.

PMID- 18132877
TI  - The fate of transplanted ciliary-body tissue.

PMID- 18132878
TI  - The use of alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl ammonium chloride for maintenance of sterility
      in solutions.

PMID- 18132879
TI  - Effectiveness of streptomycin in treatment of experimental conjunctivitis caused
      by Hemophilus sp.

PMID- 18132881
TI  - Uveitis and toxoplasmin sensitivity.

PMID- 18132880
TI  - Aureomycin in ocular infections; a study of its spectrum.

PMID- 18132882
TI  - Industrial vision technique.

PMID- 18132883
TI  - Studies of human tears.

PMID- 18132884
TI  - The movement of monosaccharides into and out of the aqueous humor.

PMID- 18132885
TI  - The rate of flow of aqueous humor; the rate of disappearance of para
      aminohippuric acid, radioactive rayopake, and radioactive diodrast from the
      aqueous humor of rabbits.

PMID- 18132886
TI  - The rate of flow of aqueous humor; derivation of rate of flow and its physiologic
      significance.

PMID- 18132887
TI  - The steady state of corneal hydration.

PMID- 18132888
TI  - The use of isolated retinal tissue in studies of the metabolism of the central
      nervous system.

PMID- 18132890
TI  - Flicker fusion frequency in amblyopia ex anopsia.

PMID- 18132889
TI  - Metabolism of the crystalline lens; water content and growth rate.

PMID- 18132891
TI  - The anatomic basis for certain reflex and automatic eye movements.

PMID- 18132892
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132893
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132894
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132895
TI  - Intraorbital aneurysm; a case of aneurysm of the lacrimal artery.

PMID- 18132896
TI  - Visual acuity while one is viewing a moving object.

PMID- 18132898
TI  - Direct surgery of paretic oblique muscles.

PMID- 18132897
TI  - Nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis with vestibuloauditory symptoms; report of
      four additional cases.

PMID- 18132899
TI  - Heredoretinal degenerations associated with brucellosis.

PMID- 18132900
TI  - Malignant melanoma of the choroid with sympathetic ophthalmia.

PMID- 18132901
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132902
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132903
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132904
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132905
TI  - A method for obtaining the image of light source on a fixed spot of the retina,
      independent of fixation movements.

PMID- 18132906
TI  - Methods and results of treatment for detachment of the retina in the
      ophthalmological clinic at the Hague.

PMID- 18132908
TI  - Monocular depth perception.

PMID- 18132907
TI  - Dysostosis mandibulofacialis.

PMID- 18132910
TI  - An auxiliary for difficult lens extractions.

PMID- 18132909
TI  - Naevus flammeus faciei with homolateral choroideremia and secondary pigmentary
      degeneration of the brain.

PMID- 18132911
TI  - Penicillin treatment of dacryocystitis.

PMID- 18132913
TI  - Binasal hemianopsia.

PMID- 18132912
TI  - Thrombophlebitis retina in abdominal typhus.

PMID- 18132914
TI  - Cyst of sebaceous gland of the caruncle.

PMID- 18132915
TI  - Glioma, cured by diathermic surface coagulation.

PMID- 18132916
TI  - Case of melanosarcoma, cured by diathermic treatment.

PMID- 18132917
TI  - Some problems in the physiology of the eye.

PMID- 18132918
TI  - Measurement of opacities of lens and cornea.

PMID- 18132920
TI  - A note on clonic spasm.

PMID- 18132919
TI  - Benign and malignant melanoma of the chorioidea.

PMID- 18132921
TI  - Acoustic and vestibular barometry; air pressure effects on hearing and
      equilibrium of unoperated and fenestrated ears.

PMID- 18132922
TI  - A statistical study of incapacitating hearing impairment in 1000 clinic patients.

PMID- 18132923
TI  - Legislation concerning alibis, perjury, self-incrimination immunity, official
      conduct, and grand juries.

PMID- 18132924
TI  - Organization and standardization of police science technics.

PMID- 18132925
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132926
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132927
TI  - A study of ciliary activity in the respiratory tract of animals.

PMID- 18132928
TI  - Transitional cell carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses.

PMID- 18132929
TI  - Hearing evaluation by low conversational voice tests.

PMID- 18132930
TI  - An operation for the correction of collapsed nostrils and narrowed external
      nares.

PMID- 18132931
TI  - Dust therapy in allergy of the ear, nose and throat.

PMID- 18132932
TI  - Are any strictures of the esophagus due to diphtheria?

PMID- 18132933
TI  - The toxic effect of streptomycin on the eighth cranial nerve; histological
      investigations; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18132934
TI  - Cysts on the base of the tongue in infants.

PMID- 18132935
TI  - Fatal air embolism during antral irrigation.

PMID- 18132937
TI  - Neurinoma of the tongue.

PMID- 18132936
TI  - Mixed tumor of inferior turbinate.

PMID- 18132938
TI  - Papillary sinusitis.

PMID- 18132939
TI  - Factors influencing the growth of lymphoid tissue.

PMID- 18132940
TI  - The nasal mucosa in the laryngectomized patients.

PMID- 18132941
TI  - Contact ulcer granuloma.

PMID- 18132942
TI  - Laryngeal stenosis.

PMID- 18132943
TI  - Hemilaryngectomy; method of maintaining a satisfactory airway and voice.

PMID- 18132944
TI  - Headache and neuralgia of nasal origin.

PMID- 18132945
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132946
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132947
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132949
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132950
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132948
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132951
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132953
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132952
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132954
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132955
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132956
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132958
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132957
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132959
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132960
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132961
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132962
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132963
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132964
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132965
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132966
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132967
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132968
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132969
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132970
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132971
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132972
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132973
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132974
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132975
TI  - Micromodification of Van Slyke's method of determining the alkali reserve by
      bicarbonate titration.

PMID- 18132976
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132977
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132978
TI  - Heart index or heart volume in judgement of congenital heart diseases.

PMID- 18132980
TI  - Mutual compression of the right main bronchus and an abnormal left pulmonary
      artery as causes of the death of a 7 week-old child.

PMID- 18132981
TI  - The celiac syndrome; factors influencing its development with particular
      reference to hypothyroidism as a contributing cause.

PMID- 18132979
TI  - On the cause of familial deaths in early childhood, with particular reference to
      some uncommon conditions.

PMID- 18132982
TI  - The relation of illness patterns in children to ordinal position in the family.

PMID- 18132983
TI  - Sustained summer heat and fever in infants.

PMID- 18132984
TI  - Illnesses within the first year of life.

PMID- 18132985
TI  - Treatment of pertussis with polymyxin B (aerosporin).

PMID- 18132986
TI  - The treatment of the anginose type of infectious mononucleosis with gamma
      globulin.

PMID- 18132987
TI  - Tracheal tumors in infants and children.

PMID- 18132988
TI  - The hospital progress of 992 premature infants fed evaporated milk-carbohydrate
      mixtures.

PMID- 18132989
TI  - Typhoid fever treated with chloromycetin.

PMID- 18132990
TI  - Nephrocalcinosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyelonephritis; treatment with p
      aminomethylbenzene-sulfonamide (sulfamylon).

PMID- 18132991
TI  - Report of a case of postvaccinal encephalitis in a 4-month-old child with
      recovery.

PMID- 18132992
TI  - A case of meningitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Bacillus pyocyaneus) and
      Neisseria flavescens with recovery.

PMID- 18132993
TI  - Congenital dermal sinus.

PMID- 18132994
TI  - Barbiturate poisoning.

PMID- 18132995
TI  - The blind child.

PMID- 18132996
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132997
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132998
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18132999
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133000
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133001
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133002
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133003
TI  - Influence of desoxycorticosterone acetate on the clearance of creatinine.

PMID- 18133004
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133005
TI  - [Atelectasis and emphysema].

PMID- 18133006
TI  - [X-ray examination of the ventricular system of children suffering from
      tuberculous meningitis].

PMID- 18133007
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133008
TI  - Report on 500 mastoidectomies with local penicillin therapy.

PMID- 18133009
TI  - [112 cases of Rammstedt operation].

PMID- 18133010
TI  - Effect of quinine on the coagulation of blood.

PMID- 18133011
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133012
TI  - [Treatment of septic scarlet fever].

PMID- 18133013
TI  - Pancreatic function in toxicosis.

PMID- 18133014
TI  - Vaccination of children with various chorioallantoic passages of measles virus; a
      follow-up study.

PMID- 18133015
TI  - A new repository penicillin (a form of aqueous penicillin G procaine) in infants
      and children.

PMID- 18133016
TI  - Congenital myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 18133017
TI  - Porphyrinuria; report of an unusual case.

PMID- 18133019
TI  - Chronic resistance to sleep in infancy.

PMID- 18133018
TI  - Cyclic neutropenia in an infant.

PMID- 18133020
TI  - Anaphylactoid purpura complicated by an irreducible intussusception.

PMID- 18133021
TI  - Bedside cabinet for the newborn infant designed for rooming-in facilities.

PMID- 18133022
TI  - Bronchogenic cysts of the mediastinum.

PMID- 18133023
TI  - Nurses consider plans for new organizations.

PMID- 18133024
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133025
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133026
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133027
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133028
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133029
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133030
TI  - [Pneumococcic diseases; meningitis in nursing infants].

PMID- 18133032
TI  - [A suggestion for a hematocrit tube for minute amounts].

PMID- 18133031
TI  - [New method of examination in pediatric clinics; diagnosis of latent vitamin C
      deficiency by means of intracutaneous injections of indophenol].

PMID- 18133033
TI  - [Sedatives and anti-spasmodics for children].

PMID- 18133034
TI  - [Post-war changes in pediatrics, and the trend toward the penicillin treatment
      for the suppurative diseases of childhood].

PMID- 18133035
TI  - [Cases of cure with anti-histamine preparations in the field of pediatrics].

PMID- 18133036
TI  - [Two cases of the Guillain-Barre syndrome in children].

PMID- 18133037
TI  - [Cases of primary atypical pneumonia in nursing infants and the cold erythrocytic
      agglutination reaction].

PMID- 18133038
TI  - [Recent experience in the treatment of grippe].

PMID- 18133039
TI  - [Paralysis of the four limbs due to a type of encephalitis resembling measles].

PMID- 18133040
TI  - [A case of appendicitis due to the presence of Ascaris lumbricoides (verminous
      appendicitis].

PMID- 18133041
TI  - [A case of lead poisoning].

PMID- 18133042
TI  - [Clinical cases of epidemic encephalitis, Japanese type, observed in the Maebasi
      region in the summer of 1948].

PMID- 18133043
TI  - [Social causes of the death of nursing infants; sanitation and welfare for
      mothers and children necessary from a clinical standpoint].

PMID- 18133044
TI  - [Random thoughts on physical examinations].

PMID- 18133045
TI  - Antibiotics; a product of collaboration between university and industry.

PMID- 18133046
TI  - COMPOUND E in arthritis and related conditions.

PMID- 18133048
TI  - OTITIS media and its therapy.

PMID- 18133047
TI  - Research progress in the science of nutrition.

PMID- 18133049
TI  - The effect of actedron (phenylisopropylamine) and thyroxine on the body
      temperature.

PMID- 18133050
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133051
TI  - On the pharmacology of tetraethyl-pyrophosphate.

PMID- 18133052
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133053
TI  - Pharmacological effects of the diethylaminoethyl ester of phenylcyclopentane
      carboxylic acid, atropine and tetraethylammonium on the vasomotor properties of
      acetylcholine.

PMID- 18133054
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133055
TI  - In vivo action of morphine, urethane and phenobarbital on the glycogen synthesis
      from glucose in the rat liver.

PMID- 18133056
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133057
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133058
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133059
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133060
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133061
TI  - Proprioception and convulsions.

PMID- 18133062
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133063
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133064
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133065
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133066
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133067
TI  - Materials used in Great Britain for the active immunization of man against
      diphtheria.

PMID- 18133068
TI  - An examination of factors affecting the precision of the assay of the oxytocic
      hormone in posterior pituitary lobe preparations.

PMID- 18133069
TI  - The isolation of bases from urine concentrates.

PMID- 18133070
TI  - The identification of local anaesthetic drugs of the benzoic ester group.

PMID- 18133071
TI  - The evaluation of the bactericidal activity of ethylene glycol and some of its
      monoalkyl ethers against Bacterium coli.

PMID- 18133072
TI  - The pharmacological properties of 2-methyl,2-n-amyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane
      (glyketal) a new blocking agent of interneurons.

PMID- 18133073
TI  - Deposition of radio gallium (Ga72) in skeletal tissues.

PMID- 18133074
TI  - Tuberculocidal activity and toxicity of some diphenylmethane derivatives.

PMID- 18133075
TI  - The fate of two arsenoxides in the dog.

PMID- 18133076
TI  - The influence of the dosage regimen on the therapeutic activity of penicillin G.

PMID- 18133077
TI  - The preparation and pharmacological properties of the acid succinate of 3-(o
      toloxy)-1,2-propanediol (myanesin).

PMID- 18133078
TI  - The sensitivity of frog muscle to potassium and acetylcholine; effect of curare
      and physostigmine on thiocyanate; potassium sensitization.

PMID- 18133079
TI  - On the mechanism of the acute toxic action of thiocyanate.

PMID- 18133080
TI  - The effect of penicillin upon the clotting activity of blood in normal human
      subjects.

PMID- 18133081
TI  - On the antagonism between pressor and depressor agents in the frog's heart.

PMID- 18133082
TI  - The analeptic effect of sodium succinate in barbiturate anesthesia in rabbits.

PMID- 18133083
TI  - The effect of local anesthetics on the respiration of brain homogenates.

PMID- 18133084
TI  - The action of tripelennamine on hyaluronidase in the albino rat.

PMID- 18133085
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133086
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133087
TI  - SYNTHETIC curarising agents.

PMID- 18133088
TI  - Effect of soap on skin; beneficial and adverse effects as determined by exposure
      tests.

PMID- 18133089
TI  - Studies on the pathogenesis of ammonium pulmonary edema.

PMID- 18133090
TI  - A concept of mean alveolar air and the ventilation-blood flow relationships
      during pulmonary gas exchange.

PMID- 18133091
TI  - Adrenergic mechanism of vagal cardiostimulation.

PMID- 18133092
TI  - A study of the influence of DL-tryptophan upon blood sugar levels.

PMID- 18133093
TI  - Discharge of adrenocorticotrophic hormone in the absence of neural connections
      between the pituitary and hypothalamus.

PMID- 18133094
TI  - Renotrophic-androgenic and somatotrophic properties of further steroids.

PMID- 18133095
TI  - Influence of previous diet on metabolism during fasting.

PMID- 18133096
TI  - Erythrocyte age and cholinesterase activity.

PMID- 18133098
TI  - A study of pulmonary venous and arterial pressures and other variables in the
      anesthetized dog by flexible catheter techniques.

PMID- 18133097
TI  - Influence of snake venom on mammalian erythrocytes in vitro.

PMID- 18133099
TI  - Circulatory changes and pulmonary lesions in dogs following increased
      intracranial pressure, and the effect of atropine upon such changes.

PMID- 18133100
TI  - Circulatory changes in the dog produced by acute arteriovenous fistula.

PMID- 18133101
TI  - Effects of graded pressures on the tail of the mouse.

PMID- 18133102
TI  - Effect of carbon dioxide on intestinal motility.

PMID- 18133103
TI  - Stimulating effect of sugar, fat, and meat meals on duodenal secretion in the
      dog.

PMID- 18133104
TI  - Role of the central nervous system in the body temperature arterial pressure
      relationship.

PMID- 18133105
TI  - Denervation and the excitability of certain muscular effectors.

PMID- 18133106
TI  - Increased rate of urea formation following removal of renal tissue.

PMID- 18133107
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133108
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133109
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133110
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133111
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133112
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133113
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133114
TI  - Effect of concentration on the viscosity of dilute solutions.

PMID- 18133115
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133116
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133118
TI  - Nuclear disintegrations produced by cosmic rays.

PMID- 18133119
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133120
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133121
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133122
TI  - Fallacy of per-weight and per-surface area standards, and their relation to
      spurious correlation.

PMID- 18133123
TI  - Action of caffeine and aminophylline as respiratory stimulants in man.

PMID- 18133124
TI  - Pulmonary capillary pressure in man.

PMID- 18133125
TI  - Alveolar gases in rapid decompression to high altitudes.

PMID- 18133126
TI  - Remedial reading.

PMID- 18133128
TI  - An electronic psychogalvanometer for student use.

PMID- 18133127
TI  - Counseling for family adjustment.

PMID- 18133129
TI  - An approach to the theory and measurement of ethnocentric ideology.

PMID- 18133130
TI  - Paralysis in rats as a function of certain characteristics of electroconvulsive
      shock treatment.

PMID- 18133131
TI  - Observations on a relationship between perseveration and psychomotor symptoms.

PMID- 18133132
TI  - The genetics of intelligence.

PMID- 18133133
TI  - The objective evaluation of therapeutic proficiency.

PMID- 18133134
TI  - A longitudinal study of intellectual development.

PMID- 18133135
TI  - Disturbances in visual perception following cerebral lesions.

PMID- 18133136
TI  - The effect of angular acceleration on sound localization; the audiogyral
      illusion.

PMID- 18133137
TI  - Rating scales for musical interests.

PMID- 18133138
TI  - On understanding.

PMID- 18133139
TI  - Work relationships.

PMID- 18133140
TI  - The nurse in Great Britain.

PMID- 18133141
TI  - Histoplasmin sensitivity; a brief study of the incidence of hypersensitivity to
      histoplasmin in an Indian tribe of northern Quebec.

PMID- 18133142
TI  - The hygiene of the scalp and hair.

PMID- 18133143
TI  - Smallpox control under difficulties.

PMID- 18133144
TI  - Filariasis control by DDT residual house spraying, Saint Croix, Virgin Islands;
      operational aspects.

PMID- 18133145
TI  - Filariasis control by DDT residual house spraying, St. Croix, Virgin Islands;
      results.

PMID- 18133146
TI  - Salmonella types encountered in Maryland between 1944 and 1948.

PMID- 18133147
TI  - Eradication of sludge flies.

PMID- 18133148
TI  - Automatic control of raw sewage chlorination.

PMID- 18133149
TI  - Stream sanitation program of the T.V.A.

PMID- 18133150
TI  - Cushing's disease; pituitary basophilism.

PMID- 18133152
TI  - Pulsating exophthalmos due to defective development of the sphenoid bone.

PMID- 18133151
TI  - The development of the tautograph and the advantages of automatization in
      cardiovascular angiography.

PMID- 18133153
TI  - Solitary tumors of the chest; the differential diagnosis in 50 proved cases.

PMID- 18133154
TI  - Bronchial peristalsis.

PMID- 18133155
TI  - The relation of therapeutic radiology to clinical medicine.

PMID- 18133156
TI  - Pyelography by rapid injection; description of an improved method and results in
      200 cases.

PMID- 18133157
TI  - Physical characteristics of soft roentgen rays.

PMID- 18133158
TI  - Roentgenologic control of ureteral calculi on the operating table.

PMID- 18133159
TI  - The structure of biological tissues as revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis and
      electron microscopy.

PMID- 18133160
TI  - The lateral distribution of ions across the track of an ionizing particle; the
      present picture and its implications.

PMID- 18133161
TI  - A sesamoid at the elbow analogous to the patella.

PMID- 18133162
TI  - Carcinoma of the bladder.

PMID- 18133163
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133164
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133165
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133166
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133167
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133168
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133169
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133170
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133172
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133171
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133173
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133174
TI  - The reserve air as an aid in the diagnosis of emphysema.

PMID- 18133175
TI  - Tuberculous cavities in the apex of the lower lobe.

PMID- 18133176
TI  - Sterile serous effusions in cases of lobar pneumonia treated with sulphonamides.

PMID- 18133177
TI  - Fracture of the bronchus.

PMID- 18133178
TI  - Perforations following dilatation of oesophageal strictures; a report of three
      cases with recovery.

PMID- 18133179
TI  - Pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis.

PMID- 18133180
TI  - On so-called primary enterococcal peritonitis.

PMID- 18133181
TI  - The retropubic prostatectomy of Terence Millin.

PMID- 18133182
TI  - A case of aneurysm of the aorta after resection for coarctation; cured by
      excision.

PMID- 18133183
TI  - Pneumonectomy in a case of Besnier Boeck's sarcoidosis.

PMID- 18133184
TI  - Androgen-control therapy in carcinoma of prostate.

PMID- 18133185
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133186
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133187
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133188
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133189
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133190
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133191
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133192
TI  - Bilateral hypertrophy of the masseter muscle; an operation for correction; case
      report.

PMID- 18133193
TI  - Regeneration of sensation in grafted skin.

PMID- 18133194
TI  - Plasma and blood transfusions in the treatment of burned patients.

PMID- 18133195
TI  - Infant plastic surgery and mother nursing.

PMID- 18133196
TI  - Rhinoplastic flap design in the narrow forehead,.

PMID- 18133197
TI  - A new type of knife for cutting skin grafts, using replaceable blades.

PMID- 18133198
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133199
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133200
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133201
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133203
TI  - Some technical considerations in the resection of carcinoma involving the lower
      esophagus.

PMID- 18133202
TI  - Actinomycosis involving the colon and the rectum.

PMID- 18133204
TI  - Vascularization of the myocardial capillary bed by arterialization of the cardiac
      veins; an experimental study.

PMID- 18133205
TI  - Tumors of the testicle; relationship of structure to course and prognosis.

PMID- 18133206
TI  - Chronic ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 18133207
TI  - Resection of remaining vertebral ring for tuberculosis of the spine.

PMID- 18133208
TI  - The treatment of peptic ulcer by vagotomy.

PMID- 18133209
TI  - Carcinoma of the rectum and sigmoid colon; diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 18133211
TI  - Surgical procedures in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18133210
TI  - Stainless steel and early ambulation in hernia repair.

PMID- 18133212
TI  - Venographic studies in the postphlebitic limb.

PMID- 18133213
TI  - Fascial necrosis; a new symptom-complex amenable to surgery combined with
      penicillin therapy.

PMID- 18133214
TI  - Newer concepts in the anatomy and treatment of varicose veins.

PMID- 18133215
TI  - Fluid balance in surgery.

PMID- 18133216
TI  - A clinical survey of 113 consecutive cases on tubal pregnancy.

PMID- 18133217
TI  - An analysis of 793 cataract operations by the Verhoeff intracapsular sliding
      method.

PMID- 18133218
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133219
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133220
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133221
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133222
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133223
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133225
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133224
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133226
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133227
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133228
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133229
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133230
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133231
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133232
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133233
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133234
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133235
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133236
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133237
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133238
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133239
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133240
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133241
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133242
TI  - [Proctosigmoid cancer; surgical techniques currently most used in the United
      States].

PMID- 18133243
TI  - [Foreign bodies in the rectum].

PMID- 18133244
TI  - [Thrombosed external hemorrhoids].

PMID- 18133245
TI  - [Anesthesia in proctology].

PMID- 18133246
TI  - Multiple carcinoma of the colon; report of a case.

PMID- 18133247
TI  - Spondylolisthesis; a rare variant with a unilateral isthmus defect and slight
      displacement.

PMID- 18133248
TI  - Present status of the surgical treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus.

PMID- 18133249
TI  - Primary carcinoma of third portion of duodenum; report of a case.

PMID- 18133250
TI  - Common duct calculus simulated by air bubble in pancreatic duct.

PMID- 18133251
TI  - Intussusception due to invaginated Meckel's diverticulum in adults.

PMID- 18133252
TI  - Cancer of the rectum; what constitutes adequate resection.

PMID- 18133253
TI  - The management of acute intestinal obstruction.

PMID- 18133254
TI  - Primary carcinoma of liver; report of a case living and well 25 months after left
      hepatectomy.

PMID- 18133255
TI  - The surgical correction of constructive pericarditis.

PMID- 18133256
TI  - Bronchiectasis; a study of the segmental distribution of the pathologic lesions.

PMID- 18133257
TI  - Vagovagal reflexes; electrocardiographic changes during vagotomy.

PMID- 18133258
TI  - Effect of pancreatic juice on the gall bladder.

PMID- 18133259
TI  - Morbid factors in experimental appendicitis.

PMID- 18133261
TI  - Vaginal hysterectomy.

PMID- 18133260
TI  - Blood and available fluid (thiocyanate) volume studies in surgical patients;
      operative and postoperative blood loss with particular emphasis upon
      uncompensated red cell loss.

PMID- 18133262
TI  - Experimental thoracic duct fistula; observations on the technique, the absorption
      of fat and fluid from the intestine, and protein depletion.

PMID- 18133263
TI  - Ewing's tumor.

PMID- 18133265
TI  - Superficial lobectomy and total parotidectomy with preservation of the facial
      nerve in the treatment of parotid tumors.

PMID- 18133264
TI  - The posterior subsphincteric space; its relation to posterior horseshoe fistula.

PMID- 18133266
TI  - Colonic and proctologic diseases.

PMID- 18133267
TI  - Toxemias of late pregnancy.

PMID- 18133268
TI  - Early ambulation.

PMID- 18133269
TI  - Endometriosis of the vulva.

PMID- 18133270
TI  - Technical reconstruction following total gastrectomy.

PMID- 18133271
TI  - Removal of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy.

PMID- 18133272
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133273
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133274
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133276
TI  - Streptomicina in autosangue.

PMID- 18133275
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133277
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133278
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133279
TI  - The duration of acquired immunity in experimental syphilis.

PMID- 18133280
TI  - Studies of the life and motility of Treponema pallidum in fertile hens' eggs.

PMID- 18133281
TI  - The susceptibility of various strains of mice to experimental syphilis.

PMID- 18133282
TI  - Observations on the growth of the nonpathogenic Nichols strain of Treponema
      pallidum in the embryonated chick egg under anaerobic conditions.

PMID- 18133283
TI  - The relationship of early clinical failure to serologic response in penicillin
      treated early syphilis.

PMID- 18133284
TI  - Reinfection in syphilis.

PMID- 18133286
TI  - Difficulties in the evaluation of treatment procedures in tabes dorsalis.

PMID- 18133285
TI  - Penicillin treatment of late neurosyphilis; one to 5 year follow-up with special
      reference to clinical failures.

PMID- 18133287
TI  - Describing a contact of venereal disease.

PMID- 18133288
TI  - Urticaria photogenica; report of two cases, one of them associated with purpura
      photogenica.

PMID- 18133289
TI  - The clinical application of a new piperazine compound; clinical observations.

PMID- 18133290
TI  - Antigen-antibody mechanisms in neurotropic virus diseases.

PMID- 18133291
TI  - Protein and vitamin metabolism in the allergic state; a preliminary study.

PMID- 18133292
TI  - Observations on severe penicillin reactions.

PMID- 18133293
TI  - Allergic arthritis.

PMID- 18133294
TI  - Phenergan (R. P. 3277) preliminary report of clinical effectiveness.

PMID- 18133295
TI  - Micropowdered aminophylline or theophylline inhalation therapy in chronic
      bronchial asthma; evaluation by recorded vital capacity changes.

PMID- 18133296
TI  - Allergy of the eye associated with migraine headache; case report.

PMID- 18133297
TI  - Cutaneous reactions to tobacco antigen in allergic and nonallergic children.

PMID- 18133298
TI  - A handy dropper for scratch testing.

PMID- 18133299
TI  - The treatment of intrinsic bronchial asthma with autogenous vaccine.

PMID- 18133300
TI  - Age changes revealed by carbonyl reagents in tissue sections.

PMID- 18133301
TI  - A comparison of endocranial cast and brain of an Australian oborigine.

PMID- 18133302
TI  - Bones, muscles and vitamin C; partial deficiencies of vitamin C and mid
      diaphyseal thickenings of the tibia and fibula in guinea-pigs.

PMID- 18133304
TI  - A survey of 113 cases of primary dysmenorrhea treated by neurectomy.

PMID- 18133305
TI  - Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in cancer of the cervix.

PMID- 18133306
TI  - A report on the cesarean sections done in St. Vincent's Hospital, New York.

PMID- 18133307
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133309
TI  - Observations on the female reproductive organs of the Ca'aing whale Globiocephala
      malaena Traill.

PMID- 18133310
TI  - A preliminary study of the distribution of cell size in the lateral geniculate
      body.

PMID- 18133311
TI  - The distribution of the vasal and cremasteric arteries to the testis and their
      functional importance.

PMID- 18133312
TI  - The blood-sucking mites of the genus Haemolaelaps (Acarina; Laelaptidae) in the
      United States.

PMID- 18133313
TI  - Prenatal infection of dogs with ascardis, Toxocara canis and hookworms,
      Ancylostama caninum.

PMID- 18133314
TI  - Olssoniella chivosca n. sp. (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) from the western evening
      grosbeak.

PMID- 18133315
TI  - Toxicity of some chemical compounds to cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni.

PMID- 18133316
TI  - Preliminary observations on the relation of nutrition to pediculosis of rats and
      chickens.

PMID- 18133317
TI  - Chemotherapeutic activity of certain 8-aminoquinolines, particularly pentaquine,
      in experimental Chagas' disease.

PMID- 18133318
TI  - Studies on Mansonia xanthogaster and its relation to filariasis in the South
      Pacific.

PMID- 18133319
TI  - Haemaphysalis centropi, a new species of tick from birds in the Far East.

PMID- 18133320
TI  - The helminth parasites of birds; a new species of Acanthocephala from North
      American birds.

PMID- 18133321
TI  - The course of infection of Plasmodium lophurae in chick embryos.

PMID- 18133322
TI  - Cytological study of Rhopalias macracanthus Chandler, 1932, a trematode from the
      opossum, Didelphis virginiana.

PMID- 18133323
TI  - Myobiid mites (Acarina: Myobiidae) from Condylura cristata (Linnaeus) and
      Neurotrichus gibbsii (Baird) (Mammalia; Talpidae).

PMID- 18133324
TI  - A human ocular infection by Gnathostoma in China.

PMID- 18133325
TI  - Longevity of tropical rat mites kept without food.

PMID- 18133326
TI  - Polyplax serrata (Brumeister) and Linognathus setosus (Olfers) recorded from the
      house mouse, Mus musculus Linnaeus in Texas.

PMID- 18133327
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of action of ionizing radiations; effect of X-ray
      irradiation on the respiration of sea urchin sperm.

PMID- 18133328
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of action of ionizing radiations; the effect of hydrogen
      peroxide and of X-ray irradiated sea water on the respiration of sea urchin sperm
      and eggs.

PMID- 18133329
TI  - Bacteria and cellular activities; action of toxins on respiration and hemolysis
      of dogfish erythrocytes and on respiration of marine eggs.

PMID- 18133330
TI  - Respiration and water loss in the adult blowfly, Phormia regina, and their
      relation to the physiological action of DDT.

PMID- 18133331
TI  - Growth of oysters, O. virginica, during different months.

PMID- 18133332
TI  - The prezone phenomenon in sperm agglutination.

PMID- 18133333
TI  - An electron microscope study of the egg membranes of Melanoplus differentialis
      (Thomas).

PMID- 18133334
TI  - Phosphatases in normal and reorganizing stentors.

PMID- 18133335
TI  - Amino acid metabolism in mutant strains of microorganisms.

PMID- 18133336
TI  - Viral multiplication.

PMID- 18133338
TI  - Nutrition and dental caries.

PMID- 18133337
TI  - Some commentaries on electron microscopy as applied in biology.

PMID- 18133339
TI  - Chemical measurements in relation to physical evidence of malnutrition.

PMID- 18133340
TI  - Anemias caused primarily by malnutrition.

PMID- 18133341
TI  - Failure of DDT to control house flies.

PMID- 18133342
TI  - New locality records for Allodermanyssys sanguineus vector of rickettsialpox.

PMID- 18133343
TI  - Recent studies on life history and habits of the ear tick.

PMID- 18133344
TI  - The residual property of DDT as influenced by temperature and moisture.

PMID- 18133345
TI  - Piperonyl butoxide, piperonyl cyclonene, and pyrethrum applied to selected parts
      of individual flies.

PMID- 18133346
TI  - Effect of temperature and humidity on the toxicity of certain insecticides.

PMID- 18133347
TI  - Fumigating properties of several new insecticides.

PMID- 18133348
TI  - Diagnosis and control of mange in dairy cattle.

PMID- 18133349
TI  - Control of Anopheles mosquitoes with coarse and fine DDT sprays applied by
      airplane.

PMID- 18133350
TI  - Studies of mosquito and other biting-insect problems in Alaska.

PMID- 18133351
TI  - Use of white mice for testing materials used as repellents and toxicants for
      stable flies.

PMID- 18133352
TI  - Toxicity to house flies of synthetic compounds of the pyrethrin type in relation
      to chemical structure.

PMID- 18133353
TI  - Insecticides and the food law.

PMID- 18133354
TI  - On certain aspects of the nature and treatment of oligemic shock.

PMID- 18133355
TI  - Pathology of the intrapulmonary arteries and arterioles in coarctation of the
      aorta associated with patent ductus arteriosus.

PMID- 18133356
TI  - The water tolerance of the hypertensive patient; its relation to operability.

PMID- 18133357
TI  - Studies on peripheral circulation and epinephrine sensitization following
      sympathectomy.

PMID- 18133358
TI  - Differentiation of the changes in the Q-T interval in hypocalcemia and
      hypopotassemia.

PMID- 18133360
TI  - Unusual features in a case of carotid sinus syndrome.

PMID- 18133359
TI  - The ventricular complex in right ventricular hypertrophy as obtained by unipolar
      precordial and limb leads.

PMID- 18133361
TI  - Auricular flutter during the administration of cyclopropane and curare; report of
      two cases.

PMID- 18133362
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133363
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133364
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133366
TI  - A diffusion problem.

PMID- 18133365
TI  - Contribution to the linkage theory of autopolyploids.

PMID- 18133367
TI  - Tissue growth and cancer.

PMID- 18133369
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of aerobic phosphorylation.

PMID- 18133368
TI  - Theory of the mitotic index and its application to tissue growth measurement.

PMID- 18133370
TI  - Amino acids; the oxidation of salts of beta-amino alcohols.

PMID- 18133371
TI  - The sedimentation behavior and molecular weight of pancreatic carboxypeptidase.

PMID- 18133372
TI  - The metabolism of the organic acids of tobacco leaves; effect of culture of
      excised leaves in solutions of d-isocitrate and acetate.

PMID- 18133373
TI  - Partial purification of aconitase.

PMID- 18133374
TI  - The condensation of C14-nitromethane with D-arabinose; preparation of 1-C14-D
      glucose and 1-C14-D-mannose.

PMID- 18133376
TI  - The nitrogenous metabolism of the earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris).

PMID- 18133375
TI  - Studies of the mechanism of histidine synthesis in lactic acid bacteria.

PMID- 18133377
TI  - The oxidation and distribution of the methyl group administered as methionine.

PMID- 18133378
TI  - The activity of succinate oxidase in relation to phosphate and phosphorus
      compounds.

PMID- 18133379
TI  - The microbiological estimation of Lactobacillus lactis Dorner activity with
      vitamin B12 as a standard.

PMID- 18133380
TI  - The aconite alkaloids; the demethylation of delphinine derivatives.

PMID- 18133381
TI  - A new synthesis of phosphoryl-enolpyruvic acid.

PMID- 18133382
TI  - Synthesis of peptides of methionine and their cleavage by proteolytic enzymes.

PMID- 18133383
TI  - A method for the colorimetric determination of calcium and magnesium in small
      amounts of urine, stool, and food.

PMID- 18133384
TI  - The effect of methanol on the hydrolysis of acetyl-L-tyrosinamide by
      chymotrypsin.

PMID- 18133385
TI  - Studies on the effect of thyroid and methylthiouracil on the glucose tolerance
      test in normal and scorbutic guinea pigs.

PMID- 18133386
TI  - Enzymatic hydrolysis of saturated and unsaturated tripeptides.

PMID- 18133387
TI  - Effect of anions on the non-enzymatic desamidation of glutamine.

PMID- 18133388
TI  - Biophysical studies of blood plasma proteins; electrophoretic studies of the
      blood serum proteins of some lower animals.

PMID- 18133389
TI  - The chemistry of melanin; oxidation of dihydroxyphenylalanine by tyrosinase.

PMID- 18133390
TI  - The reaction of acetylcholine and other carboxylic acid derivatives with
      hydroxylamine, and its analytical application.

PMID- 18133391
TI  - Chemical estimation of vitamin E in tissue and the tocopherol content of some
      normal human tissues.

PMID- 18133392
TI  - Tissue-bound, acid-labile phosphorus in tobacco leaves, oat coleoptiles, and rat
      liver.

PMID- 18133393
TI  - The inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by beryllium.

PMID- 18133394
TI  - Observations on the effects of beryllium on alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 18133395
TI  - The preparation of C14-labeled biotin and a study of its stability during carbon
      dioxide fixation.

PMID- 18133396
TI  - The lecithin, cephalin, and sphingomyelin contents of plasma and liver of the
      fowl; their metabolic interrelations shown by the administration of
      diethylstibestrol.

PMID- 18133397
TI  - Determination of free and total cholesterol by direct chloroform extraction.

PMID- 18133398
TI  - Isotopically labeled nucleic acid from yeast.

PMID- 18133399
TI  - Distribution of C14 in glycine and serine of liver protein following the
      administration of labeled glycine.

PMID- 18133400
TI  - Metabolism of the nitrofurans; ultraviolet absorption studies on urinary end
      products after oral administration.

PMID- 18133401
TI  - Preparation of high potency oxytocic material by the use of counter-current
      distribution.

PMID- 18133402
TI  - alpha-Ketobutyric acid as a product in the enzymatic cleavage of cystathionine.

PMID- 18133403
TI  - The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the nutritive value of casein; intravenous
      feeding in dogs.

PMID- 18133404
TI  - Photolytic and enzymatic transformations of pteroylglutamic acid.

PMID- 18133405
TI  - Pterine oxidase.

PMID- 18133406
TI  - Purification and properties of dehydropeptidases.

PMID- 18133407
TI  - The effect of the ionic environment on the synthesis of glycogen from glucose in
      rat liver slices.

PMID- 18133408
TI  - The effect of the ionic environment of the synthesis of glycogen and total
      carbohydrate from pyruvate in liver slices.

PMID- 18133410
TI  - Criteria for extraction in orthodontic therapy related to dentofacial
      development.

PMID- 18133409
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of blood oxygen.

PMID- 18133411
TI  - Prophylactic orthodontics.

PMID- 18133412
TI  - The passage of a patient through an orthodontist's office with attention to the
      labio lingual technique, emphasizing the Oliver guide plane.

PMID- 18133413
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133414
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133415
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133416
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133417
TI  - An assessment of the values of porcelain versus methylmethacrylate in jacket
      crown and bridge work.

PMID- 18133418
TI  - A preliminary investigation into the shrinkage of the oral tissues due to
      embedding in paraffin wax.

PMID- 18133420
TI  - Two cases of fused incisors in the deciduous dentition.

PMID- 18133419
TI  - The application of injections of absolute alcohol to local anaesthesia in
      dentistry; a report on ten cases.

PMID- 18133421
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133422
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133423
TI  - A new approach to cavity preparation in inlay construction.

PMID- 18133425
TI  - Postoperative results of gingival surgery after 15 years.

PMID- 18133424
TI  - A design for a stress-breaker and its application.

PMID- 18133426
TI  - Anesthesia for the child patient.

PMID- 18133427
TI  - The treatment of acute oral Vincent's infection.

PMID- 18133428
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133429
TI  - The effect of X-rays on blood tissue and skin.

PMID- 18133430
TI  - Report of an unusual exodontia case.

PMID- 18133431
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133432
TI  - A study of novocain (procaine) sensitivity among Navy dental officers.

PMID- 18133433
TI  - Compressive strength of amalgam as related to time.

PMID- 18133434
TI  - Experimental studies in calcification; the effect of large doses of calciferol on
      the dentin of the incisor in normal and nephrectomized rats.

PMID- 18133435
TI  - Experimental studies in calcification; the effect of parathyroid extract on the
      dentin and pulp of the incisor in normal and nephrectomized rats.

PMID- 18133436
TI  - An aspect of diffusion; its possible association with dental caries.

PMID- 18133437
TI  - Acid production in saliva in-vitro experiments.

PMID- 18133438
TI  - Geographic variations of dental caries in Oregon; dental status of native born
      and reared school children in two regions.

PMID- 18133439
TI  - The effects of caries-producing diets initiated at various stages of pre- and
      postnatal development of the hamster.

PMID- 18133440
TI  - A progress report on the bacteriologic aspect of the caries research program,
      College of Dentistry, University of California.

PMID- 18133441
TI  - Specialization in dentistry.

PMID- 18133442
TI  - Psychiatric observation of dental patients.

PMID- 18133443
TI  - Erythema multiforme following high voltage roentgen therapy; review of the
      literature and report of three cases.

PMID- 18133444
TI  - Concurrent melanosis and hypertrichosis in distribution of nevus unius lateris.

PMID- 18133445
TI  - Pyoderma vegetans in association with chronic ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 18133446
TI  - Tropical anhidrotic asthenia; thermogenic anhidrosis.

PMID- 18133447
TI  - Experimental syphilis in the golden hamster; failure to transmit infection by
      coitus and from syphilitic parents to the newborn.

PMID- 18133448
TI  - Oral bismuth therapy in dermatology.

PMID- 18133449
TI  - A severe form of acne developing in the tropics.

PMID- 18133450
TI  - Nature of antigens and antibodies in serology of syphilis.

PMID- 18133451
TI  - Treatment of early syphilis with penicillin G; administration of penicillin G in
      peanut oil and wax twice weekly for 8 weeks.

PMID- 18133452
TI  - Virus-pyogen sequence; interrelationship in inflammatory dermatoses; the clinical
      features.

PMID- 18133453
TI  - Gassing of fungi; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18133454
TI  - Epithelioma; clinical and histologic data on 1,025 lesions.

PMID- 18133455
TI  - Nodular vasculitis.

PMID- 18133456
TI  - [Contribution to the improvement in the practice of applying compresses and
      ointments].

PMID- 18133457
TI  - [Uus of titrated human complement in the complement fixation tests].

PMID- 18133458
TI  - [Problem of the central examination of gonococcus by culture when specimens are
      collected from decentralized stations, and some experiences in culture
      investigations at the second Dermatological university in Prague in 1947-1948].

PMID- 18133459
TI  - [Remarks on the etiology of urticaria pigmentosa].

PMID- 18133460
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133461
TI  - [Contribution to the question of facies heredosyphilitica and to the problem of
      the stigmata of congenital syphilis].

PMID- 18133462
TI  - [Wood's light in dermatology].

PMID- 18133463
TI  - [Contemporary social venerology].

PMID- 18133464
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133465
TI  - Phytopharmacologic studies on the blood of psoriasis.

PMID- 18133466
TI  - Aureomycin therapy of disseminated cutaneous herpes simplex; Kaposi's
      varicelliform eruption.

PMID- 18133467
TI  - The therapeutic value of aureomycin in dermatitis herpetiformis.

PMID- 18133468
TI  - The treatment of a case of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption with aureomycin.

PMID- 18133469
TI  - Various kinds of eczematoid eruptions attributable to exposure to foods.

PMID- 18133470
TI  - Experimental determination in human subjects of the duration of antihistaminic
      activity of orally administered compounds.

PMID- 18133471
TI  - The use of N-ethyl-o-crotonotoluidide in the treatment of scabies and various
      pruritic dermatoses.

PMID- 18133472
TI  - An apparent association of lichen planus with vascular hypertension.

PMID- 18133474
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133473
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133475
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133476
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133477
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133478
TI  - Histopathology of the semisquamous epithelial layer in the gallbladder.

PMID- 18133479
TI  - Regional enteritis in the Negro.

PMID- 18133480
TI  - Gallbladder disease in the aged.

PMID- 18133481
TI  - The use of ultraviolet blood irradiation in typhoid fever.

PMID- 18133482
TI  - A simple benzidine test for occult blood in feces.

PMID- 18133483
TI  - Submicroscopic cytoplasmic granules in the anterior lobe cells of the rat
      hypophysis as revealed by electron microscopy.

PMID- 18133484
TI  - Attempts to induce experimentally maturation of the gonads of the European eel,
      Anguilla anguilla L.

PMID- 18133485
TI  - Changes in the ascorbic acid content in the interstitial gland of the rabbit
      ovary following gonadotrophic stimulation.

PMID- 18133486
TI  - Testosterone treatment and 17-ketosteroid excretion; investigations on the
      influence of the mode of administration upon the absorption and excretion of
      testosterone propionate.

PMID- 18133487
TI  - The effect of desoxycorticosterone acetate and sodium chloride on blood pressure
      in postural hypotension and arterial orthostatic anemia.

PMID- 18133488
TI  - The use of potassium in therapy.

PMID- 18133489
TI  - The use of the human vaginal smear in the assay of estrogens.

PMID- 18133490
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133492
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133491
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133493
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133494
TI  - Progesterone; a comparison of intramuscular, oral and sublingual routes of
      administration.

PMID- 18133495
TI  - The effect of alpha-tocopherol administration on pregnanediol excretion.

PMID- 18133496
TI  - The transport and excretion of uric acid in man; a sex difference in urate
      metabolism; with a note on clinical and laboratory findings in gouty women.

PMID- 18133497
TI  - The constancy of the serum precipitable or protein-bound iodine in healthy
      adults.

PMID- 18133498
TI  - A masculinizing tumor of the ovary in a postmenopausal woman.

PMID- 18133499
TI  - Pheochromocytoma with hypothalamic manifestations and excessive hypermetabolism;
      a case report.

PMID- 18133500
TI  - Purity of milk.

PMID- 18133501
TI  - On the nature of inhibition of erythrocyte pyrophosphatase by veronal-acetate
      buffer.

PMID- 18133502
TI  - A new leaf-spot disease of castor Ricinus communis L.

PMID- 18133503
TI  - Xanthomonas desmodii, a new bacterial leaf-spot of Desmodium diffusum DC.

PMID- 18133504
TI  - The life-cycle of Moniliformis moniliformis (Bremser, 1811) Acanthocephala.

PMID- 18133505
TI  - The reaction theory of respiratory regulation.

PMID- 18133506
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133507
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133508
TI  - Some observations on the oxidative degradation of cholesterol.

PMID- 18133510
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133509
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133511
TI  - Historical changes produced by large doses of tetra-sodium 2-methyl-1:4
      naphthohydroquinone diphosphate in some human'tumours.

PMID- 18133512
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133513
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133514
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133516
TI  - The treatment of sex offenders.

PMID- 18133515
TI  - H2-detection in the Warburg constant volume respirometer.

PMID- 18133517
TI  - Psychosomatic theory applies to sex above all else.

PMID- 18133518
TI  - A study of the love emotions of American college girls.

PMID- 18133519
TI  - Natural childbirth.

PMID- 18133520
TI  - Outline of a method to estimate the biological age with special reference to the
      role of the sexual functions.

PMID- 18133521
TI  - The ethics of sexual acts; a critical study.

PMID- 18133522
TI  - Recent decisions on consummation.

PMID- 18133523
TI  - Coprophonia in Australia.

PMID- 18133524
TI  - The orgasm problem in women.

PMID- 18133525
TI  - The social implications of illness in industry.

PMID- 18133526
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133527
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133529
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133528
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133530
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133531
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133532
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133533
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133534
TI  - Influence of physical theory on biological thought.

PMID- 18133535
TI  - Haemoglobin in Crustacea.

PMID- 18133537
TI  - Serological characters of hog gastric mucin.

PMID- 18133536
TI  - Transport of insects on the exterior of an aircraft.

PMID- 18133538
TI  - Interference with testosterone-induced growth of the seminal vesicles and
      coagulating glands in male mice by a folic acid antagonist.

PMID- 18133539
TI  - Effect of thiouracil and uracil on the germination of cress seeds.

PMID- 18133540
TI  - A simple medium for mounting small insects.

PMID- 18133541
TI  - Problems of organic growth.

PMID- 18133542
TI  - A new crystalline protein of the myogen group.

PMID- 18133543
TI  - Bacterial oxidation of arsenite.

PMID- 18133544
TI  - World food problem.

PMID- 18133545
TI  - Dilution factors with stable isotopes.

PMID- 18133546
TI  - Determination of energy of single alpha-particles from change in conductivity of
      cadmium sulphide crystals.

PMID- 18133547
TI  - Structure of 1.2.3.4.5.6-hexasubstituted cyclohexanes.

PMID- 18133548
TI  - Evolutionary growth rates in the dinosaurs.

PMID- 18133549
TI  - Some considerations of the biological effects of DDT.

PMID- 18133550
TI  - Uranium resources.

PMID- 18133551
TI  - Methods of measuring flavor quality in food products.

PMID- 18133553
TI  - Semiconductors.

PMID- 18133552
TI  - Jurassic ammonites in 1949.

PMID- 18133554
TI  - The exploration of the upper atmosphere.

PMID- 18133555
TI  - Population ecology.

PMID- 18133556
TI  - The organization and relationships of a department of obstetrics and gynecology.

PMID- 18133557
TI  - Extragenital pelvic tumors in women.

PMID- 18133558
TI  - The use of pentothal sodium anesthesia for cesarean sections.

PMID- 18133559
TI  - Sterility studies in private practice.

PMID- 18133560
TI  - Results of bilateral ovarian wedge resection in 47 cases of sterility; 20 year
      end results; 75 cases of bilateral polycystic ovaries.

PMID- 18133561
TI  - A critical analysis of local anesthesia as an agent for the relief of pain in
      vaginal delivery.

PMID- 18133562
TI  - Pregnancy and adnexal cysts.

PMID- 18133563
TI  - Free-feeding pregnant women.

PMID- 18133564
TI  - The experimental production of menorrhagia by administration of gonadotropins.

PMID- 18133565
TI  - Saphenous phlebectomy for varicose veins during pregnancy.

PMID- 18133566
TI  - Sweat gland tumors of the vulva.

PMID- 18133567
TI  - A correlated study of serum protein, erythrocyte count, leucocyte count,
      hemoglobin and hematocrit in normal pregnancy.

PMID- 18133568
TI  - The urinary bladder during labor.

PMID- 18133569
TI  - Evaluation of the cytologic test in the early diagnosis of cancer; a 2 year
      survey of the routine use of the smear technique.

PMID- 18133571
TI  - The effect of treatment with an antihistaminic drug on blood pressure and urine
      in pregnant women.

PMID- 18133570
TI  - Furfuryl trimethyl ammonium iodide for postoperative urinary retention.

PMID- 18133572
TI  - New method of dovetail approximation of the ligaments in vaginal hysterectomy for
      procidentia; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18133573
TI  - Fatty acid therapy of pruritus vulvae.

PMID- 18133574
TI  - Excessive estrogens and cervical carcinoma.

PMID- 18133575
TI  - Uterine culture technique; a simple method for avoiding contamination by cervical
      and vaginal flora.

PMID- 18133576
TI  - Electronegativity of the cancerous cervix.

PMID- 18133577
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133579
TI  - On neurotic bladder.

PMID- 18133578
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133580
TI  - On malignant tumours of the oral cavity and the tonsil, with special
      consideration of the outcome of radiotherapy.

PMID- 18133581
TI  - Is excision of neuromas unadvisable?

PMID- 18133582
TI  - Pregnancy in a patient with postoperative tetany.

PMID- 18133583
TI  - A case of mucocele of the appendix.

PMID- 18133584
TI  - [Clinico-statistical surveys on syphilis in the obstetric area after the war].

PMID- 18133585
TI  - [Gemellarity and twins].

PMID- 18133586
TI  - [Contribution to the study of uterine adnexal torsion].

PMID- 18133587
TI  - Heart disease and pregnancy.

PMID- 18133588
TI  - Ein Beitrag zur Frage Abortiveier.

PMID- 18133589
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133590
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133591
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133592
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133593
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133594
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133595
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133596
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133597
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133598
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133599
TI  - Familial hypochromic anemia associated with postsplenectomy erythrocytic
      inclusion bodies.

PMID- 18133600
TI  - Iron metabolism; utilization of intravenous radioactive iron.

PMID- 18133601
TI  - Hemolysins in acquired hemolytic anemia; effect of pH on the activity in vitro of
      a serum hemolysin.

PMID- 18133602
TI  - Observations on the influence of the hypophysis and the adrenal cortex on blood
      platelet levels.

PMID- 18133603
TI  - The effect of human plasma transfusion on the fecal urobilinogen excretion on
      sickle cell anemia.

PMID- 18133604
TI  - The effect of quantitative and qualitative protein deficiency on blood
      regeneration; white blood cells.

PMID- 18133605
TI  - The effect of quantitative and qualitative protein deficiency on blood
      regeneration; hemoglobin.

PMID- 18133606
TI  - Influence of fibrinogen concentration upon plasma prothrombin time.

PMID- 18133607
TI  - Planning a recovery room for adequate postoperative care.

PMID- 18133608
TI  - Special assistants for administrators.

PMID- 18133609
TI  - The hospital pharmacy comes to order.

PMID- 18133610
TI  - Hospitals under socialized medicine.

PMID- 18133611
TI  - An administrator, an obstetrician and a maternity supervisor evaluate the rooming
      in plan.

PMID- 18133612
TI  - Group clinic starts a new chapter in the history of rural medical care.

PMID- 18133613
TI  - Extramural hospital services.

PMID- 18133614
TI  - Federal hospitalization; current trends.

PMID- 18133615
TI  - Hospitals and the practice of medicine.

PMID- 18133616
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133617
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133618
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133619
TI  - Some fundamental notions in estimation of complement fixation; general relations
      and a proposed uniform notation.

PMID- 18133620
TI  - A delayed chronic inflammatory reaction at an antigen depot in the guinea pig,
      effected by systemic sensitization.

PMID- 18133621
TI  - The relationship of Mengo encephalomyelitis, encephalomyocarditis, Columbia-SK
      and M.M. viruses.

PMID- 18133622
TI  - The family relationship of encephalomyocarditis, Columbia-SK, M.M., and Mengo
      encephalomyelitis viruses.

PMID- 18133623
TI  - An antibiotic substance produced by a member of the Shigella group.

PMID- 18133624
TI  - The reversal in vivo by BAL of HgCI2-inactivated influenza A virus in the chick
      embryo.

PMID- 18133625
TI  - Cold hemagglutination reactions with influenza virus.

PMID- 18133626
TI  - The effect of aureomycin upon infections with Bacterium tularense in experimental
      animals.

PMID- 18133627
TI  - Use of ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy in the quantitative precipitin
      reaction.

PMID- 18133628
TI  - The solubility of equine tetanal antitoxin in methanol-water mixtures of
      controlled pH, ionic strength and temperature.

PMID- 18133629
TI  - On the identity of the virulence enhancement factor in gastric mucin.

PMID- 18133631
TI  - The calcium requirement of coliphage T5.

PMID- 18133630
TI  - An electron microscope study of material from tissue of the central nervous
      system of poliomyelitic and normal mice and cotton rats.

PMID- 18133632
TI  - A quantitative study of passive anaphylaxis in the guinea pig; the latent period
      in passive anaphylaxis in its relation to the dose of rabbit antiovalbumin.

PMID- 18133633
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133634
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133635
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133636
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133637
TI  - Industrial medicine in a textile machine company in New England.

PMID- 18133638
TI  - Alcoholism in industry.

PMID- 18133639
TI  - The painful foot following injury.

PMID- 18133640
TI  - The integration of an industrial medical and an industrial hygiene program.

PMID- 18133641
TI  - Benefits from professional eye care for workers with lowered visual performance.

PMID- 18133642
TI  - Sensitization studies with nail polish base coats.

PMID- 18133644
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133643
TI  - The sequential analysis of blood pressure scores.

PMID- 18133645
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133646
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133647
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133648
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133649
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133650
TI  - Studies of the effects of flavonoids on roentgen irradiation disease; protective
      influence of rutin in irradiated dogs.

PMID- 18133651
TI  - Evidence on the genesis of certain common nasal disorders.

PMID- 18133652
TI  - Serial determinations of prothrombin activity in pregnancy and the puerperium.

PMID- 18133653
TI  - Anomalous right pulmonary vein entering the inferior vena cava; two cases
      diagnosed during life by angiocardiography and cardiac catheterization.

PMID- 18133654
TI  - Clinical evaluation of direct writing electrocardiography.

PMID- 18133655
TI  - The coagulation time of blood in silicone tubes.

PMID- 18133656
TI  - A hematologic and electrophoretic study on blood regeneration in dogs subjected
      to repeated phlebotomy.

PMID- 18133657
TI  - The direction of the precordial T wave in 321 normal infants and children.

PMID- 18133658
TI  - Naturally-occurring anticoagulants and accelerator substance in human blood.

PMID- 18133659
TI  - Continuous peritoneal irrigation in the treatment of intractable edema of cardiac
      origin.

PMID- 18133660
TI  - Hypotension.

PMID- 18133661
TI  - Production of convulsions in rats by exposure to ultra high frequency electrical
      currents (radar).

PMID- 18133662
TI  - The effects of intravenously administered aminophylline on cerebral blood flow in
      man.

PMID- 18133663
TI  - Serum esterase levels in alcoholic patients.

PMID- 18133664
TI  - Deficiency diseases.

PMID- 18133665
TI  - Balanced diet for the South Indian vegetarian.

PMID- 18133666
TI  - Nutritive value of roots and tubers, with special reference to sweet potato.

PMID- 18133667
TI  - A plea for a national diet.

PMID- 18133669
TI  - Nutrition and health.

PMID- 18133668
TI  - Realization of full value for the money spent on our food.

PMID- 18133670
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133671
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133672
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133673
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133674
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133675
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133676
TI  - Retarding action of adrenal gland on growth of sarcoma grafts in rats.

PMID- 18133677
TI  - A search for human carriers of influenza virus.

PMID- 18133678
TI  - Cysteine and related compounds in the growth of the yeast like phase of
      Histoplasma capsulatum.

PMID- 18133679
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133680
TI  - Man and the machine.

PMID- 18133681
TI  - A study of the post-war incidence of breast-feeding.

PMID- 18133682
TI  - A simple weight-reducing diet.

PMID- 18133683
TI  - Sternal swelling as a presenting sign of Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 18133684
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133685
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133686
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133687
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133688
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133689
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133690
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133691
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133692
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133693
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133694
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133695
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133696
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133698
TI  - Diabetic coma.

PMID- 18133697
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133699
TI  - Asthma; present status of therapy.

PMID- 18133700
TI  - Bronchoscopic aspects of respiratory disease.

PMID- 18133701
TI  - The kidney in essential hypertension.

PMID- 18133702
TI  - Thoracic tumors.

PMID- 18133703
TI  - Carcinoma of the rectum.

PMID- 18133704
TI  - Hypertension; medical aspects of surgical treatment.

PMID- 18133705
TI  - Swellings of the neck; lateral swellings of neck.

PMID- 18133706
TI  - The clinical significance of potassium deficiency.

PMID- 18133707
TI  - Training for psychotherapy; a description of organization, treatment, methods,
      and results achieved, with case illustrations.

PMID- 18133708
TI  - Tuberculosis control program in a municipal general hospital.

PMID- 18133709
TI  - Urethane in leukemia.

PMID- 18133710
TI  - Methemoglobinemia in an infant caused by well water.

PMID- 18133712
TI  - Studies on the ovulation of the avian ovarian follicle.

PMID- 18133711
TI  - The concentration of radio-active iodine (I131) by the thyroid gland of the
      parrot fish.

PMID- 18133714
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133713
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133715
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133716
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133717
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133718
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133719
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133720
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133721
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133722
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133723
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133724
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133726
TI  - Nasal discharge, nasal obstruction and sinusitis.

PMID- 18133727
TI  - Lower nephron nephrosis.

PMID- 18133728
TI  - [Shape of the depressed ST-segment in the electrocardiogram of the transient and
      permanent heart injuries].

PMID- 18133729
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133730
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133731
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133732
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133733
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133734
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133735
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133736
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133737
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133738
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133741
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133742
TI  - [Penicillin treatment of lactational mastitis].

PMID- 18133743
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133744
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133745
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133746
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133747
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133748
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133749
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133750
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133751
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133753
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133752
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133754
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133755
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133756
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133757
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133758
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133759
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133760
TI  - Fatality associated with benzedrine ingestion; a case report.

PMID- 18133761
TI  - Roentgen therapy of subdeltoid bursitis; review of 235 cases.

PMID- 18133762
TI  - Metabolic outpatient clinic survey.

PMID- 18133763
TI  - Potential inguinal hernia.

PMID- 18133764
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133765
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133766
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133767
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133768
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133769
TI  - [Aspects of sympathectomy in cases of arteriosclerotic thromboangiitis].

PMID- 18133770
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133771
TI  - [Tiosol, a new paint as a cause of dermatitis].

PMID- 18133772
TI  - [On streptomycin dermatitis in nurses].

PMID- 18133773
TI  - [A study of tubal sterilization].

PMID- 18133774
TI  - [Determination of the ether concentration in ether-air mixtures].

PMID- 18133775
TI  - A workshop for severely disabled men.

PMID- 18133776
TI  - The carcinoid tumour; a review of 17 cases.

PMID- 18133777
TI  - Clinical trials of analgeticum NU 896 and of amidone.

PMID- 18133778
TI  - [The damage and risks of anti-tumor pelvic irradiation].

PMID- 18133779
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133780
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133781
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133782
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133783
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133784
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133786
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133785
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133787
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133788
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133789
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133790
TI  - Respiratory disease; an industrial hazard.

PMID- 18133791
TI  - Five cases of auricular flutter of 4 to 1 type.

PMID- 18133792
TI  - The first diagnosed outbreak of Q-fever in Israel.

PMID- 18133793
TI  - Clinical reactions to the application of short waves.

PMID- 18133794
TI  - To the creation of a maxillo-facial surgical department [Hebrew Text].

PMID- 18133795
TI  - Treatment of intoxication by morphine and other hypnotics by intravenal
      injections of nikethamide [Hebrew Text].

PMID- 18133797
TI  - Interne-resident training; random comments on the changing scene.

PMID- 18133796
TI  - The status of skin temperature recording as a diagnostic procedure.

PMID- 18133799
TI  - Medical and surgical management of sinusitis.

PMID- 18133798
TI  - The significance of pleural effusion: a report of 100 cases.

PMID- 18133800
TI  - The use of dermal grafts for tuberculous stenosis of the trachea and bronchi.

PMID- 18133801
TI  - Behavior problems in pediatric practice.

PMID- 18133802
TI  - Some factors in children's school adjustment.

PMID- 18133803
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133804
TI  - [Hydro-saline-proteic balance thru a parenteralapproach].

PMID- 18133805
TI  - [Sulfa drugs and penicillin in the treatment of acute otitis media and its
      complications; comparative study].

PMID- 18133806
TI  - [Vaccination against tuberculosis (BCG) in Juiz de Fora].

PMID- 18133807
TI  - [Features of anti-tetanus toxin after treatment with formaldehyde].

PMID- 18133809
TI  - [Masks].

PMID- 18133808
TI  - [Tuberculosis verrucosa].

PMID- 18133810
TI  - [Typhoid fever in Porto Alegre; contribution to the study].

PMID- 18133811
TI  - [Vitamins and vascular diseases].

PMID- 18133812
TI  - The laboratory in diagnosis and control of disease.

PMID- 18133813
TI  - Diagnostic clinic for rehabilitation.

PMID- 18133814
TI  - Prevention of gonorrhea with penicillin tablets.

PMID- 18133815
TI  - Headache associated with pathologic changes in cervical part of spine.

PMID- 18133816
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133817
TI  - Hemochromatosis; report of a case in a white female without diabetes.

PMID- 18133818
TI  - The doctor as a citizen.

PMID- 18133819
TI  - The hematologic changes induced in guinea pigs by the prolonged administration of
      pteroyl glutamic acid antagonists.

PMID- 18133821
TI  - Dietary and hormonal influences in experimental uremia.

PMID- 18133820
TI  - The effects of nitrogen mustard on induced erythroblastic hyperplasia in rabbits.

PMID- 18133822
TI  - Effect of an acid and alkaline salt on the urinary excretion of iron.

PMID- 18133823
TI  - A consideration of some factors in urine which cause the precipitation of
      hemoglobin in vitro.

PMID- 18133824
TI  - The use of hypertonic solutions for enteric perfusion.

PMID- 18133825
TI  - Progressive changes in liver composition, function, body fluids, and liver
      cytology during protein depletion in the rat and the effect of choline upon these
      changes.

PMID- 18133826
TI  - Bromsulfalein clearance.

PMID- 18133827
TI  - The concentration of component A in blood, its assay and relation to the labile
      factor.

PMID- 18133828
TI  - Intensive immunization of an already sensitized Rh-negative woman; birth of a
      mildly diseased baby.

PMID- 18133829
TI  - A re-evaluation of papaverine in the treatment of angina pectoris.

PMID- 18133831
TI  - The appraisal of anticholinergic activity by prevention of methacholine-induced
      fatal bronochospasm in guinea pigs.

PMID- 18133832
TI  - Further studies on enhancement of heterophile agglutination titers by means of
      serum diluent.

PMID- 18133830
TI  - Semiweekly treatment of syphilis with procaine penicillin in oil; reactions and
      preliminary results in 228 patients.

PMID- 18133834
TI  - A simple method for aseptic grinding of small amounts of tissue.

PMID- 18133833
TI  - A comparison of eosin-acetone and phloxine-propylene glycol diluents in
      eosinophil counts.

PMID- 18133835
TI  - Preservation of viruses in a mechanical refrigerator at -25 degrees C.

PMID- 18133836
TI  - A macerator for small samples of tissue.

PMID- 18133837
TI  - Primary epithelioma of the ureter.

PMID- 18133838
TI  - A roentgenometric study of the female pelvis.

PMID- 18133839
TI  - Chronic pulmonary emphysema and cor pulmonale.

PMID- 18133840
TI  - Antibiotics in the treatment of infections.

PMID- 18133841
TI  - Diagnosis and management of small bowel obstruction.

PMID- 18133842
TI  - Contact dermatitis due to topical anesthetics.

PMID- 18133843
TI  - Rheumatism.

PMID- 18133844
TI  - The role of X-ray therapy in non-tumorous conditions.

PMID- 18133845
TI  - Solitary eosinophilic granuloma of bone.

PMID- 18133846
TI  - Pregnancy complicated by lymphogranuloma venereum with colostomy.

PMID- 18133848
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133847
TI  - [Pleural empyema no bacilli; evolution, pathophysiology, treatment].

PMID- 18133849
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133850
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133851
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133852
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133853
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133854
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133855
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133856
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133857
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133858
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133859
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133860
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133861
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133862
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133863
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133864
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133865
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133866
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133867
TI  - The diagnosis and pathogenesis of tropical sprue.

PMID- 18133868
TI  - Modification of the cardiac output after intravenous injection of hypertonic
      glucose solution.

PMID- 18133869
TI  - Studies in hepatic glycogen storage; adrenalin-induced hyperglycemia as an index
      of liver function.

PMID- 18133870
TI  - The normal roentgenogram of the chest in infants and children.

PMID- 18133871
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133872
TI  - Toxemias of pregnancy; etiology and early diagnosis of the toxemias of late
      pregnancy.

PMID- 18133873
TI  - The pathology of the toxemias of late pregnancy.

PMID- 18133874
TI  - The treatment of the toxemias of late pregnancy.

PMID- 18133875
TI  - Goniotomy for congenital glaucoma.

PMID- 18133876
TI  - Medical aspects of atomic explosion.

PMID- 18133877
TI  - Use of chip bone graft in long bones; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18133878
TI  - Bilateral traumatic hip dislocations.

PMID- 18133879
TI  - Positive pressure arthrodesis of the knee.

PMID- 18133880
TI  - Avascular bone necrosis.

PMID- 18133881
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133882
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133883
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133884
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133885
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133886
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133887
TI  - Comparison of anthisan (mepyramine maleate) and phenergan as histamine
      antagonists.

PMID- 18133888
TI  - Vaccination with the murine type of tubercle bacillus (vole bacillus).

PMID- 18133889
TI  - Active constriction of hepatic venous tree in anaphylactic shock; relation to
      centrilobular lesions.

PMID- 18133890
TI  - The ointment bases of the British Pharmacopoeia.

PMID- 18133891
TI  - [Experience with the American strains of penicillia in the production of
      penicillin].

PMID- 18133892
TI  - [Treatment of burns in the children's hospital in Brno].

PMID- 18133893
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of prostatitis and inflammation of seminal vesicles].

PMID- 18133894
TI  - [Therapy of the polycythemia vera by urethane].

PMID- 18133895
TI  - [Hospitalization of children in Moravia].

PMID- 18133896
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133897
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133898
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133899
TI  - Aureomycin in various infections; report of 180 cases and review of the clinical
      literature.

PMID- 18133901
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of asthma.

PMID- 18133900
TI  - The operative treatment of ureteral strictures.

PMID- 18133902
TI  - Prepayment medical care in industry.

PMID- 18133903
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133904
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133905
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133906
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133907
TI  - Modern trends in the treatment of alcoholism.

PMID- 18133908
TI  - Anaemia in infancy.

PMID- 18133909
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis of the hip joint in children.

PMID- 18133910
TI  - Epilepsy.

PMID- 18133911
TI  - A fragment of the vast subject of multiple developmental abnormalities.

PMID- 18133912
TI  - Cardiac rate and rhythm.

PMID- 18133913
TI  - Oral focal infection as cause for diseases of the organs of the upper abdomen,
      especially the liver; the diagnostic importance of the blood count.

PMID- 18133914
TI  - Cardiac arrest in uremia associated with potassium intoxication.

PMID- 18133915
TI  - Nasal polyposis; prevention of recurrence.

PMID- 18133916
TI  - Volvulus of the cecum associated with acute gangrenous appendicitis.

PMID- 18133917
TI  - The modern concept of the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 18133918
TI  - Congenital heart disease.

PMID- 18133919
TI  - Anesthesia for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children.

PMID- 18133920
TI  - Simpler means of releasing nervous tension.

PMID- 18133921
TI  - The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Hospital for Cancer Research.

PMID- 18133922
TI  - A discussion of medico-socio-sexual conditions.

PMID- 18133923
TI  - Sinusitis.

PMID- 18133924
TI  - A causal cure of cancer by endogenous endocrinotherapy.

PMID- 18133925
TI  - Public health in London 100 years ago.

PMID- 18133926
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133927
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133928
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133929
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133930
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133931
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133932
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133933
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133934
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133935
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133936
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133937
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133939
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133938
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133940
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133941
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133942
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133943
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133944
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133945
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133946
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133947
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133948
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133949
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133950
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133951
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133952
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133953
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133954
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133955
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133956
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133957
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133958
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133959
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133960
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133961
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133962
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133963
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133964
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133965
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133967
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133966
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133968
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133969
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133970
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133972
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133971
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133973
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133974
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133975
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133976
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133977
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133978
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133979
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133980
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133981
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133982
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133983
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133984
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133985
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133986
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133987
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133988
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133989
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133990
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133991
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133992
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133993
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133994
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133995
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18133996
TI  - Effect on fat absorption of tween 80 given orally; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18133997
TI  - The small intestine; roentgen anatomy and methods of study.

PMID- 18133998
TI  - Recent advances in surgery.

PMID- 18133999
TI  - Roentgenologic manifestations of some unusual gastro-intestinal lesions.

PMID- 18134000
TI  - Proteolytic enzyme inhibitors of human serum in health and disease.

PMID- 18134001
TI  - Arterial hypertension produced by experimental stenosis of the thoracic aorta.

PMID- 18134002
TI  - The blood volume of the adult rat, as determined by Fe59 and P32 labeled red
      cells.

PMID- 18134003
TI  - Serum cholineterase in hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 18134004
TI  - Relationship between protein osmotic pressure and density in plasma from cats,
      dogs, and humans.

PMID- 18134005
TI  - Xanthine and mercurial dieuretics and renal tubular transport of glucose and p
      aminohippurate in the dog.

PMID- 18134006
TI  - Absorption of manganese by the thyroid gland of the guinea pig.

PMID- 18134007
TI  - Effect of the D and L-isomers of isoamidone on the permeability of dog
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 18134008
TI  - Interrelationship of vitamin B12 and choline; effect on hemorrhagic kidney
      syndrome in the rat.

PMID- 18134009
TI  - Relation of oxygen and temperature in the preservation of tissues by
      refrigeration.

PMID- 18134010
TI  - Sterilization of skin.

PMID- 18134011
TI  - Interrelationship of vitamin B12 and choline; effect on growth of the chick.

PMID- 18134012
TI  - An oxygenator with increased capacity; multiple vertical revolving cylinders.

PMID- 18134013
TI  - Hemagglutination by normal and poliomyelitis stool suspensions.

PMID- 18134014
TI  - Increased portal pressure and ascites in rats following ligation of portal vein.

PMID- 18134015
TI  - Dosage-mortality in rats given total body roentgen irradiation.

PMID- 18134016
TI  - Resemblance of a strain of swine influenza virus to human A-prime strains.

PMID- 18134017
TI  - The hyperglycemic action of some analogs of epinephrine.

PMID- 18134018
TI  - Further investigations on Donovania granulomatis.

PMID- 18134019
TI  - Effect of cortical extract and other agents on eosinophilia of mice infected with
      Trichina spiralis.

PMID- 18134020
TI  - Effect of pteroylglutamic acid and vitamin B12 on growth of Rous tumor implants.

PMID- 18134021
TI  - Adsorption of urinary gonadotrophins on kaolin.

PMID- 18134022
TI  - Streptomycin-producing capacity of different strains of Streptomyces griseus.

PMID- 18134023
TI  - Effect of tetraethylammonium bromide on adrenal medulla.

PMID- 18134024
TI  - Tumorous growths in the pituitary and trachea following radiotoxic dosages of
      I131.

PMID- 18134025
TI  - Influence of environment on preweaning growth of the rat; dietary regimen of the
      young.

PMID- 18134026
TI  - Electrical precipitation of egg-white inhibitor of influenza virus
      hemagglutination.

PMID- 18134027
TI  - Chymotrypsin in cancer.

PMID- 18134028
TI  - Ineffectiveness of chymotrypsin therapy in malignancy.

PMID- 18134029
TI  - Action of chloromycetin on Salmonella.

PMID- 18134030
TI  - Staphylocoagulation in plasmas of various animal species.

PMID- 18134031
TI  - Species reactivity to staphylokinase.

PMID- 18134032
TI  - Effects of urethane on living tissue.

PMID- 18134033
TI  - Anticonvulsant action of 2-substituted-1,3-propanediols.

PMID- 18134034
TI  - The golden hamster (Cricetus auratus) as an experimental animal for poliomyelitis
      research.

PMID- 18134035
TI  - Correction of steatorrhea in bile fistula dogs by frequent return of bile.

PMID- 18134036
TI  - Observations on experimental dental caries; influence of pregnancy.

PMID- 18134037
TI  - Evidence for a steroid compound in cane juice possessing antistiffness activity.

PMID- 18134038
TI  - Electron microscope studies of the vesicle and spinal fluids from a case of
      herpes zoster.

PMID- 18134039
TI  - Nature of the plasma factor responsible for in vitro lysis of leucocytes by
      tuberculoprotein.

PMID- 18134040
TI  - The precipitating effect of methanol on viruses.

PMID- 18134041
TI  - Comparison of Newcastle virus in hamsters exposed by intracerebral injection and
      intranasal instillation.

PMID- 18134042
TI  - The stability and the stabilization of testicular hyaluronidase.

PMID- 18134043
TI  - Sympatholytic effects of diethylaminoethanol in man.

PMID- 18134044
TI  - Action of 1-methyl-4-3(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-piperidyl ethyl ketone on the
      gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 18134045
TI  - Some relationships of folic acid to structurally similar metabolites.

PMID- 18134046
TI  - Inhibition of the antimalarial activity of chlorguanide by pteroylglutamic acid.

PMID- 18134048
TI  - Inorganic aging of the plasma layer of tissue cultures.

PMID- 18134047
TI  - Pancreatic islet hyperplasia in rats force fed high carbohydrate diets.

PMID- 18134049
TI  - Isolation of three strains of type B influenza virus incompletely related to Lee.

PMID- 18134050
TI  - Some reactions of the rat to treatment with progesterone and estrone in late
      pregnancy.

PMID- 18134051
TI  - Urinary excretion of phosphate following the injection of sodium p
      aminohippurate.

PMID- 18134052
TI  - Effect of dietary cholesterol on the metabolic rate of hyperthyroid rats.

PMID- 18134053
TI  - Calcification of cell cultures in the presence of embryo juice and mamalian sera.

PMID- 18134054
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134055
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134056
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134057
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134058
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134060
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134059
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134061
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134062
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134063
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134064
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134065
TI  - Modification of the effects of immobilization upon metabolic and physiologic
      functions of normal men by the use of an oscillating bed.

PMID- 18134066
TI  - Dynamics of congestive heart failure.

PMID- 18134067
TI  - [Consaderacoes on polyhydramnios].

PMID- 18134068
TI  - [Perinatal-mortality in maternity-Experience].

PMID- 18134069
TI  - [Progress of fluoromicroscopia].

PMID- 18134070
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134071
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134072
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134073
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134074
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134075
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134076
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134077
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134078
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134080
TI  - [Acanthosis nigricans].

PMID- 18134081
TI  - [The cytology as an auxiliary method in the diagnosis and treatment of menstrual
      disorders and early diagnosis of genital malignancies].

PMID- 18134079
TI  - [Notes upon the elimination of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in feces of guinea pigs
      and rabbits experimentally infested].

PMID- 18134082
TI  - [Simple action of adrenaline and oil on peripheral blood leukocytes in man].

PMID- 18134083
TI  - [The ligation of the inferior vena cava in the treatment of heart failure
      irreducible].

PMID- 18134084
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134085
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134086
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134087
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134088
TI  - The treatment of schizophrenia.

PMID- 18134089
TI  - The positive approach in drug therapy.

PMID- 18134091
TI  - B.C.G.

PMID- 18134090
TI  - Progress in the antibiotics.

PMID- 18134092
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134093
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134094
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134095
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134096
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134097
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134098
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134099
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134100
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134101
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134102
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134103
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134104
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134105
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134106
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134108
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134107
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134109
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134110
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134111
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134112
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134113
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134114
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134115
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134116
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134117
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134118
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134119
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134120
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134121
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134123
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134122
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134124
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134125
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134126
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134127
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134128
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134129
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134131
TI  - Treatment of the hospitalized mentally ill.

PMID- 18134130
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134132
TI  - A study of the adrenergic blocking agent, dibenamine.

PMID- 18134133
TI  - Porphyria.

PMID- 18134134
TI  - [Latest acquisitions in cardiology in North America].

PMID- 18134135
TI  - [Radioactive isotopes in medicine].

PMID- 18134136
TI  - [Clinical aspects of the heart in pregnancy, heart disease and pregnancy].

PMID- 18134137
TI  - [A clinical case of genital malformation with fibroids].

PMID- 18134138
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134139
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134140
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134141
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134142
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134143
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134144
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134145
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134146
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134147
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134148
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134149
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134150
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134151
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134153
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134152
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134155
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134154
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134156
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134157
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134158
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134160
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134159
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134161
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134162
TI  - Cancer of the colon and rectum; with special reference to earlier recognition of
      alimentary tract malignancy; secondary delayed re-entry of the abdomen in
      patients exhibiting lymph node involvement; subtotal primary excision of the
      colon; operation in obstruction.

PMID- 18134163
TI  - Clinical allergy for the nose and throat specialist.

PMID- 18134164
TI  - The care of hip fracture in a rural community.

PMID- 18134165
TI  - Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.

PMID- 18134166
TI  - On the use of animals for the health of man.

PMID- 18134167
TI  - Present status of air disinfection.

PMID- 18134168
TI  - Aeromedical aspects of jet propelled aircraft; problems of high speed flight.

PMID- 18134169
TI  - The role of the visiting nurse on a military post.

PMID- 18134170
TI  - Local antibiotic therapy of tuberculous sinuses.

PMID- 18134171
TI  - Use of oil anesthetics in rectal diseases.

PMID- 18134172
TI  - A case of concurrent Boeck's sarcoid and Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 18134173
TI  - Acute subacute bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 18134175
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134174
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134176
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134177
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134178
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134180
TI  - SWIMMING pools and bathing areas.

PMID- 18134179
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134181
TI  - HEIGHT distributions of recruits.

PMID- 18134182
TI  - MANPOWER loss due to nephritis.

PMID- 18134183
TI  - ISOTOPE laboratory at Army Medical Center.

PMID- 18134184
TI  - encephalitis.

PMID- 18134185
TI  - Jaundice, an unusual case.

PMID- 18134186
TI  - SOME new therapeutic agents.

PMID- 18134187
TI  - Fevers of obscure origins.

PMID- 18134188
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134189
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134190
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134191
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134192
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134193
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134195
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134194
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134196
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134197
TI  - Psychology and psychiatry; a dialogue.

PMID- 18134198
TI  - The psychiatric consultation.

PMID- 18134199
TI  - Psychological problems of children with organic brain disease.

PMID- 18134200
TI  - Indications for residential treatment of children with severe neuropsychiatric
      problems.

PMID- 18134201
TI  - Psychiatry, psychology and seizures.

PMID- 18134202
TI  - The group worker and psychiatry.

PMID- 18134203
TI  - The social structure of the hospital as a factor in total therapy.

PMID- 18134204
TI  - The psychiatric implications of the failing student.

PMID- 18134205
TI  - The role of the nursery school in direct association with a family case work
      agency.

PMID- 18134206
TI  - The role of the nursery school in a child guidance clinic.

PMID- 18134207
TI  - A study of the German prisoners of war.

PMID- 18134208
TI  - Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the exposed brain.

PMID- 18134209
TI  - Electroencephalographic changes after prefrontal lobotomy; with particular
      reference to the effect of lobotomy on sleep spindles.

PMID- 18134210
TI  - The phobic syndrome; a study of 86 patients with phobic reactions.

PMID- 18134211
TI  - Comparison of adjunct group therapy with individual psychotherapy.

PMID- 18134212
TI  - Observations on major and minor causalgia.

PMID- 18134213
TI  - Studies on the occipital lobe; significance of small areas of preserved central
      vision.

PMID- 18134214
TI  - Allesthesia and disturbance of the body scheme.

PMID- 18134215
TI  - Walshe's textbook on Diseases of the nervous system; critical comments.

PMID- 18134216
TI  - Effect of curare on cortical responses evoked by afferent stimulation.

PMID- 18134217
TI  - Unipolar electromyograms of normal and denervated human muscle.

PMID- 18134218
TI  - Action potentials of cerebellar cortex in response to local electrical
      stimulation.

PMID- 18134219
TI  - Selective destruction of large motoneurons by poliomyelitis virus; conduction
      velocity of motor nerve fibers of chronic poliomyelitis patients.

PMID- 18134220
TI  - Synaptic facilitation in the crayfish.

PMID- 18134221
TI  - Excitability cycle and interaction in geniculate-striate system of cat.

PMID- 18134222
TI  - Caries cranii; tuberculosis of the flat bones of the vault of the skull.

PMID- 18134223
TI  - Cerebral hemispherectomy; report of a case 10 years after operation.

PMID- 18134224
TI  - Traumatic subdural hematoma; acute, subacute and chronic; an analysis of 70
      operated cases.

PMID- 18134225
TI  - The use of dry oxidized cellulose as a primary hemostatic agent in neurosurgery.

PMID- 18134226
TI  - Arnold-Chiari deformity without bony anomalies.

PMID- 18134227
TI  - A note on identification of the motor supply to the detrusor during anterior
      dorsolumbar rhizotomy.

PMID- 18134228
TI  - Duplication of the spinal cord; an account of a clinical example with a
      consideration of other reports.

PMID- 18134229
TI  - Cyst of the fifth ventricle treated by intraventricular drainage.

PMID- 18134230
TI  - Effect of maternal nutrition upon pregnancy and the newborn.

PMID- 18134231
TI  - New York State Nutrition Survey; a one-day study of food intake of adults.

PMID- 18134232
TI  - Cultural patterning of nutritionally relevant behavior.

PMID- 18134233
TI  - Carious lesions in cotton rat molars; effect of the particle size and the
      consistency of the purified ration on the incidence and type of carious lesions.

PMID- 18134234
TI  - Determination of some essential amino acids in several uncooked and cooked
      Mexican foodstuffs.

PMID- 18134235
TI  - The value of rutin and quercetin in scurvy.

PMID- 18134236
TI  - The effect of retention of nitrogen in casein of lactalbumin hydrolysates on the
      regeneration of plasma proteins of protein-depleted dogs.

PMID- 18134237
TI  - The enhancement of the nutritive value of wheat gluten by supplementation with
      lysine, as determined from nitrogen balance indices in human subjects.

PMID- 18134238
TI  - Influence of thyroid on utilization of vitamin A.

PMID- 18134239
TI  - Vitamin studies in middle aged and old individuals; thiamine and pyruvic acid
      blood concentrations.

PMID- 18134240
TI  - Studies on the comparative nutritive value of fats; on the possible growth
      promoting activity of delta 12 octadecenoic acid.

PMID- 18134242
TI  - Arteriography of the lower limbs.

PMID- 18134241
TI  - The detection and polarometric estimation of sulphide sulphur in bacterial
      cultures.

PMID- 18134244
TI  - Retention of urine.

PMID- 18134243
TI  - The radiology of rheumatic heart disease.

PMID- 18134245
TI  - Chronic ileus caused by malignant invasion of the posterior abdominal wall.

PMID- 18134246
TI  - Phenology of British hay-fever plants and its significance to allergists.

PMID- 18134247
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134248
TI  - Studies on the comparative nutritive value of fats; the digestibility of rapeseed
      and cottonseed oils in human subjects.

PMID- 18134250
TI  - An objective high speed photographic technique for simultaneously recording
      changes in accommodation and convergence.

PMID- 18134249
TI  - Nutritive properties of protein in different cuts of beef.

PMID- 18134251
TI  - High myopia and vertical phoria corrected with contact lenses; a case report.

PMID- 18134252
TI  - A modification of Javal's rule for the correction of astigmatism.

PMID- 18134253
TI  - Report on the Renshaw stereodisparator.

PMID- 18134254
TI  - Bifocals for prepresbyopic patient with visual fatigue; a case report.

PMID- 18134255
TI  - OPTOMETRY in the Medical Corps.

PMID- 18134256
TI  - Advice to the cataract patient.

PMID- 18134257
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134258
TI  - Plesiotherapic treatment (chaoultherapy) of some deep ocular affections.

PMID- 18134259
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134260
TI  - A healed case of embolia rami temporalis arteriae centralis retinae.

PMID- 18134261
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134262
TI  - Glaucoma treatment by furnethide and diisopropylfluorophosphate.

PMID- 18134263
TI  - A case of reading dysfunction.

PMID- 18134264
TI  - The role of Massachusetts school in optometric education.

PMID- 18134265
TI  - [The color blindness].

PMID- 18134266
TI  - [Eye director].

PMID- 18134267
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134268
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134269
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134270
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134271
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134272
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134273
TI  - Otosclerosis; theory of its origin and development.

PMID- 18134274
TI  - Inhalation of penicillin and streptomycin in office practice.

PMID- 18134275
TI  - Study on the range of usefulness of a new dual form intranasal medicament.

PMID- 18134276
TI  - Tympanosympathetic anesthesia for tinnitus aurium and secondary otalgia.

PMID- 18134277
TI  - Uvula and tonsils.

PMID- 18134278
TI  - Improved method of applying a medicinal solution to the middle meatus of the
      nasal chamber.

PMID- 18134279
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134280
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134281
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134282
TI  - Hematology.

PMID- 18134283
TI  - Psychosomatic aspects of diseases of the ear, nose and throat.

PMID- 18134284
TI  - The use of sodium pentothal anesthesia in adult tonsillectomies.

PMID- 18134285
TI  - The problems of tonsillectomy and tracheotomy in relation to poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18134286
TI  - Cancer of the face; treatment and plastic repair.

PMID- 18134287
TI  - The human ear as an analyzer of sound.

PMID- 18134288
TI  - Dysphagia and extraesophageal pathology; a clinical review of some of the
      important surgical lesions from the endoscopic viewpoint.

PMID- 18134289
TI  - Continuous pharyngeal suction during tonsillectomy under local anesthesia.

PMID- 18134290
TI  - The relationship of swimming and diving to sinusitis and hearing loss.

PMID- 18134292
TI  - Serum copper levels in pregnancy and in pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 18134295
TI  - Studies in vitro on the maturation of erythroblasts in normal and pathological
      conditions.

PMID- 18134296
TI  - Dextran as a medium for the demonstration of incomplete anti-Rh-agglutinins;
      preliminary report.

PMID- 18134299
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134300
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134302
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134301
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134303
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134304
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134305
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134306
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134307
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134308
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134309
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134310
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134311
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134312
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134313
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134314
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134315
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134316
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134317
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134318
TI  - Astroblastoma of the cerebellum in an infant; report of a case.

PMID- 18134319
TI  - Causes and symptoms of dyslexia; reading difficulties.

PMID- 18134320
TI  - Injuries and infections of newborn children.

PMID- 18134321
TI  - Survey of poliomyelitis cases for 1948.

PMID- 18134322
TI  - Otitic hydrocephalus meningeal hydrops; case report.

PMID- 18134323
TI  - Evaluation of laboratory data obtained from proven cases of jaundice.

PMID- 18134324
TI  - Foreign body of the trachea, most likely organic vegetal.

PMID- 18134325
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134326
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134327
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134328
TI  - Vitamin B12.

PMID- 18134330
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134329
TI  - Antacids; their function, formulation and evaluation.

PMID- 18134331
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134332
TI  - Methods of drug administration.

PMID- 18134333
TI  - NO vitamin A deficiency.

PMID- 18134334
TI  - MORPHINE.

PMID- 18134335
TI  - Standard dimensions for tablets.

PMID- 18134336
TI  - Carnauba wax, adulterated?

PMID- 18134337
TI  - The medullary origin of respiratory periodicity in the dog.

PMID- 18134338
TI  - Localization of the site of action of a pulmonary irritant, diphosgene.

PMID- 18134339
TI  - Effect of variations in nutritive density on intake of food of dogs and rats.

PMID- 18134341
TI  - A comparison of the propulsive motility of the small intestine in adult dogs and
      pups.

PMID- 18134340
TI  - Secretion of gastric mucin in response to sham-feeding and histamine stimulation.

PMID- 18134342
TI  - Effect of intravenous calcium salts on renal excretion in the dog.

PMID- 18134343
TI  - Effect of urea diuresis on renal excretion of electrolytes.

PMID- 18134344
TI  - Capillary permeability, rate of transcapillary exchange of chloride in the guinea
      pig as determined with radiochloride.

PMID- 18134345
TI  - Volume elastic properties of the right and left atrium.

PMID- 18134346
TI  - Metabolism of cardiac muscle; utilization of C14 labeled pyruvate and acetate by
      rat heart slices.

PMID- 18134347
TI  - Metabolism of cardiac muscle; utilization of C14 labeled pyruvate and acetate in
      diabetic rat heart and diaphragm.

PMID- 18134348
TI  - Metabolism of the heart in relation to drug action; effects of various substrates
      upon the isolated perfused rat heart.

PMID- 18134349
TI  - Action of a new phosphorylation derivative of thiamine on the heart; a study of
      thiamine triphosphoric acid.

PMID- 18134350
TI  - Transformation of the arterial pulse wave between the aortic arch and the femoral
      artery.

PMID- 18134351
TI  - Arterial pulse dynamics in aortic insufficiency.

PMID- 18134352
TI  - Observations on the hepatic venous circulation with special reference to the
      sphincteric mechanism.

PMID- 18134353
TI  - Hypoprothrombinemia due to loss of lymph.

PMID- 18134354
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid, d-isoascorbic acid and glucoascorbic acid on cobalt
      polycythemia in the rat and rabbit.

PMID- 18134355
TI  - Reactivity of blood vessels in the sympathectomized human leg.

PMID- 18134356
TI  - The precedence effect in sound localization.

PMID- 18134357
TI  - Temporal factors in figural aftereffects.

PMID- 18134358
TI  - A reformulation of the Fechner law in terms of adaptation-level applied to rating
      scale data.

PMID- 18134359
TI  - The influence of isolation on the learning of surrounding materials.

PMID- 18134360
TI  - An experimental examination of the non-selective principle of association of
      drive-stimuli.

PMID- 18134361
TI  - Some phenomena attendant on long fixation.

PMID- 18134362
TI  - The influence of isolation on immediate memory.

PMID- 18134363
TI  - Specification of sound-pressure levels.

PMID- 18134364
TI  - An apparatus for the study of form-preference.

PMID- 18134365
TI  - The relation of body morphology to galvanic skin conductance and response.

PMID- 18134366
TI  - Determinants of level of aspiration; evidence from everyday life.

PMID- 18134367
TI  - Personality changes in psychotics following prefrontal lobotomy.

PMID- 18134368
TI  - Effects of participatory vs supervisory leadership on group judgment.

PMID- 18134369
TI  - Delinquency and only children; study of a category.

PMID- 18134370
TI  - A rigorous criterion of feeblemindedness.

PMID- 18134371
TI  - An experimental approach to preventive psychotherapy.

PMID- 18134372
TI  - The adjustment of Army AWOL's.

PMID- 18134373
TI  - Bisexual factors in curable schizophrenia.

PMID- 18134374
TI  - The production of antisocial acts under hypnosis.

PMID- 18134375
TI  - The role of the model in explanation.

PMID- 18134376
TI  - Relationships between college aptitude and discouragement-buoyancy among college
      freshmen; experimental procedures.

PMID- 18134377
TI  - Relationships between college aptitude and discouragement-buoyancy among college
      freshmen; results and interpretation of findings.

PMID- 18134378
TI  - Young thinkers and great achievements.

PMID- 18134379
TI  - Development of interpersonal smiling responses in the preschool years.

PMID- 18134380
TI  - Social facilitation of feeding behavior in dogs; feeding after satiation.

PMID- 18134381
TI  - Measurement of vocabularies of young bilingual children in both of the languages
      used.

PMID- 18134382
TI  - Comparative study of figure-ground discrimination in preschool children and
      adults.

PMID- 18134383
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134384
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134385
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134386
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134387
TI  - The shoes of school children.

PMID- 18134388
TI  - Water resources and the nation's health.

PMID- 18134389
TI  - Isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum from soil.

PMID- 18134390
TI  - A method of supplying cellulose tape to physicians for diagnosis of enterobiasis.

PMID- 18134392
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134391
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134393
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134394
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134395
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134396
TI  - Sporicidal properties of chlorine dioxide.

PMID- 18134397
TI  - Determination of first-stage oxygen demand.

PMID- 18134398
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134399
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134400
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134401
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134402
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134403
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134404
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134405
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134406
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134407
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134408
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134409
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134410
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134411
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134412
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134413
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134414
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134415
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134416
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134417
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134418
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134419
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134420
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134421
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134422
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134423
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134424
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134425
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134426
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134427
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134428
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134429
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134430
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134431
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134432
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134433
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134434
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134435
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134437
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134436
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134438
TI  - The major toxic actions of insecticides.

PMID- 18134440
TI  - Electronarcosis.

PMID- 18134439
TI  - Vitamin B12 in pernicious anaemia.

PMID- 18134441
TI  - Basic principles of paediatric anaesthesia.

PMID- 18134442
TI  - Congenital blindness (pseudoglioma) occurring as a sex-linked developmental
      anomaly.

PMID- 18134443
TI  - Drainage, streptomycin and tuberculosis.

PMID- 18134444
TI  - Adenoma and cylindroma of the bronchus.

PMID- 18134445
TI  - Biochemical studies in cancer diagnosis.

PMID- 18134446
TI  - Chronic bilateral basal pulmonary fibrosis.

PMID- 18134447
TI  - Surgical therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis at a Veterans Administration chest
      center.

PMID- 18134448
TI  - Stomatitis and dermatophytosis coincident to streptomycin therapy.

PMID- 18134449
TI  - Hydrothorax, ascites, and pelvic endometriosis; report of a case.

PMID- 18134450
TI  - Tuberculosis control in Ohio State Reformatory with comparative study of 2 year
      periods.

PMID- 18134451
TI  - Odontogenic and osteogenic tumours of the jaws.

PMID- 18134452
TI  - Fibro-fatty tissue and its relation to certain rheumatic syndromes.

PMID- 18134453
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134454
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134455
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134456
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134457
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134458
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134459
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134460
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134461
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134462
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134464
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134463
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134465
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134466
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134467
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134468
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134469
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134470
TI  - Facial clefts and their surgical management in view of recent research.

PMID- 18134471
TI  - Blood loss in infant cleft lip and cleft palate surgery.

PMID- 18134472
TI  - Restoration of major defects of the arm by combination of plastic, orthopedic and
      neurologic surgical procedures.

PMID- 18134473
TI  - Dermal grafts for correction of facial defects; a series of 80 cases.

PMID- 18134474
TI  - Gigantomastia; the two-stage operation for reduction of extremely large breast vs
      the one-stage technique.

PMID- 18134475
TI  - Evaluation of principal mamma-plastic procedures.

PMID- 18134476
TI  - Notes on a case of lip carcinoma.

PMID- 18134477
TI  - Pigment migration following Z plasty.

PMID- 18134478
TI  - A new osteotome.

PMID- 18134479
TI  - Suture scissors for plastic surgery.

PMID- 18134480
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134481
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134482
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134483
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134484
TI  - Simple tests of ventilatory function for use in the sanatorium or clinic.

PMID- 18134485
TI  - Phrenic nerve interruption in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis;
      complications and sequelae of phreniclasis.

PMID- 18134486
TI  - Phrenic nerve interruption in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis; the effect
      of paralyzed hemidiaphragm of the results of homolateral thoracoplasty.

PMID- 18134487
TI  - Physical therapy in postthoracoplasty; one year's notes and observations.

PMID- 18134488
TI  - Concerning the location of pulmonary infarction.

PMID- 18134489
TI  - Factors affecting the in vitro cytolysis of white blood cells by tuberculin.

PMID- 18134490
TI  - A simplified guinea pig test for tuberculostatic agents.

PMID- 18134491
TI  - An evaluation of a method of obtaining gastric washings.

PMID- 18134492
TI  - Pathological and experimental studies of Boeck's sarcoid; report of a case with
      panarteritis, periarteritis, terminal-hypertension and uremia, and the
      reproduction of a sarcoid-like lesion in guinea pigs.

PMID- 18134493
TI  - Erythema induratum Bazin; report of a proved case associated with tuberculous
      lymphadenitis, completely relieved by tuberculin desensitization.

PMID- 18134494
TI  - Pulmonary adenomatosis; report of a case.

PMID- 18134495
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase in amelogenesis.

PMID- 18134496
TI  - Venous anomalies in a dog; absence of the portal vein; continuity of lower part
      of inferior vena cava with the azygos vein.

PMID- 18134497
TI  - Some responses of living blood vessels and connective tissue to testicular grafts
      in rabbits.

PMID- 18134498
TI  - Changes in mitochondrial form.

PMID- 18134499
TI  - The effect of alimentary factors on liver glycogen rhythm and the distribution of
      glycogen in the liver lobule.

PMID- 18134501
TI  - Anisotropic lipids in the sebaceous glands of the rabbit.

PMID- 18134500
TI  - Lymphocytes in the normal epidermis of the rat and of man.

PMID- 18134502
TI  - The effect of thyroxin injections on growth and epiphyseal closure of the third
      metacarpal bone in hypophysectomized female rats.

PMID- 18134503
TI  - Cardiovascular complications of cardiac and noncardiac surgery.

PMID- 18134504
TI  - The role of analeptic drugs in anesthesiology.

PMID- 18134505
TI  - Problems encountered in anesthesia as applied to thoracic surgery.

PMID- 18134506
TI  - Pharmacology of surgical anesthesia.

PMID- 18134507
TI  - The Rh factor.

PMID- 18134508
TI  - Culture and rationality.

PMID- 18134509
TI  - Psychological characteristics of acculturated Wisconsin Ojibwa children.

PMID- 18134510
TI  - Ethnolinguistics and the study of culture.

PMID- 18134511
TI  - White's view of a science of culture.

PMID- 18134512
TI  - SCHOOL of medical illustration.

PMID- 18134513
TI  - RESEARCH projects recommended by the Committee on Asian Anthropology, National
      Research Council.

PMID- 18134514
TI  - The classification of ferns.

PMID- 18134515
TI  - Biochemical aspects of mammary gland function.

PMID- 18134516
TI  - Chemical mutagenesis.

PMID- 18134517
TI  - Palliative irradiation therapy in carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 18134518
TI  - Morphological and biological characteristics of X-ray induced transplantable
      ovarian tumors.

PMID- 18134519
TI  - Studies in Hodgkin's syndrome; the association of viral hepatitis and Hodgkin's
      disease; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18134520
TI  - Morphological and chemical investigation of dermal, elastic, and collagenic
      tissue during epidermal carcinogenesis.

PMID- 18134522
TI  - The effect of the embryo of continued serial tumor transplantation in the yolk
      sac.

PMID- 18134521
TI  - The distribution of radioactive iodine in rats with and without Walker tumor 256
      after injection of radioactive sodium iodide.

PMID- 18134523
TI  - The carcinogenic activities of certain analogues of 2-acetyl-aminofluorene in the
      rat.

PMID- 18134524
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134525
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134526
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134527
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134528
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134529
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134530
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134531
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134532
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134533
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134534
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134535
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134536
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134537
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134538
TI  - Spontaneous and nitrogen mustard-induced nutritional deficiencies in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 18134539
TI  - Chinese tallow nut protein; nutritive value.

PMID- 18134540
TI  - Changes in the prothombin time induced by methylxanthines; role of the plasma
      cofactor of thromboplastin.

PMID- 18134541
TI  - Quantitative estimation of some amino acids in sweet corn pollen.

PMID- 18134542
TI  - The effect of hypophysectomy, adrenocorticotropic hormone and adrenal cortical
      extract on the glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis by the isolated diaphragm
      with and without insulin.

PMID- 18134543
TI  - Inhibition of enzymatic proteolysis; effect of carbonyl group reagents on the
      activity of kidney cathepsins.

PMID- 18134544
TI  - The amino acid composition of tetanal toxin.

PMID- 18134545
TI  - Electrophoretic analysis of lamb and sheep plasmas and sera.

PMID- 18134546
TI  - On the glyconeogenetic action of fed glycine in the rat.

PMID- 18134547
TI  - Selenate inhibition studies; the role of sulfate in selenate toxicity in yeast.

PMID- 18134548
TI  - Studies on the ultraviolet absorption spectra of collagen.

PMID- 18134549
TI  - Amino acids as carbon source for the growth of yeasts.

PMID- 18134550
TI  - Factors influencing the response of the bioluminescent reaction to adenosine
      triphosphate.

PMID- 18134551
TI  - Adenine as a growth factor for etiolated peas and its relation to the thermal
      inactivation of growth.

PMID- 18134552
TI  - The metabolism of the heart in relation to drug action; the endogenous aerobic
      metabolism of rat heart slices.

PMID- 18134553
TI  - The metabolism of the heart in relation to drug action; the utilization of
      substrates by rat heart slices.

PMID- 18134554
TI  - The metabolism of the heart in relation to drug action; the action of metabolic
      inhibitors on rat heart slice respiration.

PMID- 18134555
TI  - Destruction of influenza A virus infectivity by urea.

PMID- 18134556
TI  - Utilization of choline and betaine methyl in the guinea pig.

PMID- 18134557
TI  - A method for the determination of amino acid sequence in peptides.

PMID- 18134558
TI  - Borrelidin, a new antibiotic with antiborrelia activity and penicillin
      enhancement properties.

PMID- 18134559
TI  - Sulfocholine in methionine synthesis.

PMID- 18134560
TI  - The problem of hetero-carboxylic metabolites.

PMID- 18134561
TI  - Mechanism of the growth-promoting effect of ascorbic acid on Lactobacillus
      leichmannii and the reduction of oxidation products of vitamin B12.

PMID- 18134562
TI  - Lysis of Clostridium perfringens.

PMID- 18134563
TI  - Substrate utilization in mammalian erythrocytes.

PMID- 18134564
TI  - The incorporation of radioactive carbon dioxide and acetate into liver proteins
      in vitro.

PMID- 18134565
TI  - The formation of citrate by extracts of rabbit kidney cortex.

PMID- 18134566
TI  - Degradation products of streptamine; alpha, gamma-diamino-beta-hydroxyglutaric
      acid.

PMID- 18134567
TI  - The metabolism of dihydroxyphenylalanine by guinea pig kidney extracts.

PMID- 18134568
TI  - A study on growth inhibition by D-, L-, and DL-ethionine in the rat and its
      alleviation by the sulfur-containing amino acids and choline.

PMID- 18134569
TI  - On the availability of the diketopiperazines of cystathionine, homolanthionine,
      and methionine to rats for growth purposes.

PMID- 18134570
TI  - Isolation and properties of crystalline alpha-amylase from germinated barley.

PMID- 18134571
TI  - The extraction of folic (pteroylglutamic) acid conjugate from yeast.

PMID- 18134572
TI  - Measurement of oxygen uptake under controlled pressures of carbon dioxide.

PMID- 18134573
TI  - Investigations on the nutrition of Lactobacillus lactis Dorner.

PMID- 18134574
TI  - Relative vitamin E potency of natural and of synthetic alpha-tocopherol.

PMID- 18134575
TI  - Lipogenesis from glucose in the normal and liverless animal as studied with C14
      labeled glucose.

PMID- 18134576
TI  - The determination of fumaric acid in animal tissues by partition chromatography.

PMID- 18134578
TI  - A chemical method for the determination of mannosidostreptomycin.

PMID- 18134577
TI  - The metabolism of alpha-estradiol in vitro.

PMID- 18134580
TI  - The resolution of several racemic amino acids.

PMID- 18134579
TI  - The effect of cathode rays produced at 3000 kilovolts on niacin tagged with C14.

PMID- 18134581
TI  - Hematologic effect in rats of pterins structurally related to pteroylglutamic
      acid.

PMID- 18134582
TI  - Biosynthesis of urea; enzymatic mechanism of arginine synthesis from citrulline.

PMID- 18134583
TI  - Biosynthesis of urea; arginine synthesis from citrulline in liver homogenates.

PMID- 18134585
TI  - Effect of trace impurities in adenosine triphosphate.

PMID- 18134584
TI  - Mucolytic enzyme systems; effects of tissue extracts and body fluids, certain
      steroids, and hemoglobin derivatives on hyaluronidase activity.

PMID- 18134586
TI  - A colorimetric method for the estimation of acetoacetic acid in the blood.

PMID- 18134587
TI  - The synthesis of glutathione in isolated liver.

PMID- 18134588
TI  - A study of the chemical origins of glycogen by use of C14-labeled carbon dioxide,
      acetate, and pyruvate.

PMID- 18134589
TI  - Partial synthesis of compounds related to adrenal cortical hormones; 3alpha, 11
      alpha-dihydroxy-17 alpha-steroids.

PMID- 18134590
TI  - The egg white inhibitor of influenza virus hemagglutination; preparation and
      properties of semipurified inhibitor.

PMID- 18134591
TI  - Studies of arteriovenous differences in blood sugar; effect of intravenous
      insulin and simultaneous glucose feeding.

PMID- 18134592
TI  - The reaction of catalase and cyanide.

PMID- 18134593
TI  - The composition of catalase-peroxide complexes.

PMID- 18134594
TI  - The primary and secondary compounds of catalase and methyl or ethyl hydrogen
      peroxide; kinetics and activity.

PMID- 18134595
TI  - The enzymatic equilibria of phospho(enol)pyruvate.

PMID- 18134596
TI  - The synthesis of glutamine in pigeon liver dispersions.

PMID- 18134597
TI  - The enzymatic synthesis of glutamine, a reaction utilizing adenosine
      triphosphate.

PMID- 18134598
TI  - ATOMIC industry and human ecology; waste disposal.

PMID- 18134599
TI  - Safety criteria in radioactive water monitoring.

PMID- 18134600
TI  - Absolute beta counting.

PMID- 18134601
TI  - Effect of high-voltage X-ray and cathode rays on vitamins, riboflavin and
      carotene.

PMID- 18134602
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134603
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134604
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134605
TI  - Topical application of solutions of fluorides to the teeth.

PMID- 18134606
TI  - General principles of apicectomy with special reference to posterior teeth.

PMID- 18134607
TI  - Preservation of study and teaching schools.

PMID- 18134608
TI  - Partial persistence of deciduous and absence of permanent teeth in an adult.

PMID- 18134609
TI  - The effect of betel chewing on the dental and oral tissues and its possible
      relationship to buccal carcinoma.

PMID- 18134611
TI  - A technique for the individual fabrication of plastic eye prostheses.

PMID- 18134610
TI  - Incidence of oro-dental diseases in Malaya.

PMID- 18134612
TI  - The centrifugal casting of cement dies.

PMID- 18134613
TI  - Some trends in dental undergraduate education in the United States.

PMID- 18134614
TI  - Yaws.

PMID- 18134615
TI  - Unerupted maxillary canine and consequent dental abnormalities.

PMID- 18134616
TI  - Acrylic resins; an appraisal of their use in dentistry.

PMID- 18134617
TI  - Studies of tooth surface structure by optical and electron microscopy.

PMID- 18134618
TI  - An investigation of diafil, a dental silicate cement.

PMID- 18134619
TI  - Principles of surgical treatment of malignancies of the face and mouth.

PMID- 18134620
TI  - Compound bilateral fracture of mandible with fatal sequelae; report of a case.

PMID- 18134621
TI  - Habits the saboteurs of occlusion.

PMID- 18134622
TI  - The relation of the endocrines to dental development and oral health.

PMID- 18134623
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134624
TI  - Bilateral osteotomy of the mandible for the correction of macrognathia.

PMID- 18134625
TI  - X-ray indicator as an aid in surgical correction of mandibular prognathism.

PMID- 18134626
TI  - Fascial suspension of the vagina.

PMID- 18134627
TI  - Right-sided diaphragmatic hernia.

PMID- 18134628
TI  - Planned summerhood.

PMID- 18134629
TI  - The early treatment of stroke.

PMID- 18134630
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134631
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134633
TI  - Active immunization in private practice.

PMID- 18134632
TI  - Old age.

PMID- 18134634
TI  - An analysis of the caries-producing mechanism.

PMID- 18134635
TI  - Pentothal sodium.

PMID- 18134636
TI  - The factor of exposure in intraoral roentgenography.

PMID- 18134637
TI  - Destruction of cacified dental tissue in an ovarian dermoid cyst.

PMID- 18134638
TI  - Dentigerous cysts of the jaw.

PMID- 18134639
TI  - A comparison of the chemical nature of a synthetically produced pigment and the
      naturally occurring pigment associated with dental caries.

PMID- 18134640
TI  - Biology of the oral spirochetes; a review.

PMID- 18134641
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134642
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134643
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134644
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134645
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134646
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134647
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134648
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134649
TI  - Normal bone marrow inclusion phenomena induced by lupus erythematosus plasma.

PMID- 18134650
TI  - Stomatitis ulceromembranosa acuta treated with aureomycin.

PMID- 18134651
TI  - Factors accelerating the penetration of histamine through normal intact human
      skin.

PMID- 18134652
TI  - Treatment of condylomata acuminata with topical applications of inorganic
      arsenicals.

PMID- 18134653
TI  - Calciferol in the treatment of sarcoidosis.

PMID- 18134654
TI  - Therapeutic assays; calciferol.

PMID- 18134655
TI  - Concerning the parasitic etiology of hairy tongue.

PMID- 18134656
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134658
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134659
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134657
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134660
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134661
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134662
TI  - The etiology and treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis (non-specific).

PMID- 18134663
TI  - Evaluation of clinical methods in gastro-intestinal disease.

PMID- 18134664
TI  - Status of health of the natives of the Pribilof Islands as determined by an
      appointed medical commission.

PMID- 18134665
TI  - Relationship of amino acids to the nutritive value of proteins.

PMID- 18134666
TI  - New physiological and clinical studies on the secretion of mucin in the human
      stomach.

PMID- 18134668
TI  - Biotoxic intestinal conditions of the acid fermentation type.

PMID- 18134667
TI  - The technic of abdominothoracic total gastrectomy using the Graham method of
      esophagojejunal anastomosis.

PMID- 18134669
TI  - A review of five cases of pancreatic disease.

PMID- 18134670
TI  - Distaste for smoking; an early symptom in virus hepatitis.

PMID- 18134671
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134672
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134673
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134675
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134674
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134676
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134677
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134678
TI  - The X-ray analysis of the structure of penicillin.

PMID- 18134679
TI  - Rural house types.

PMID- 18134681
TI  - Psychiatric principles in casework.

PMID- 18134680
TI  - Malnutrition and resistance to infection.

PMID- 18134682
TI  - Psychotherapy and casework; condensation of the discussion.

PMID- 18134683
TI  - GROWTH-promoting substances in agriculture and horticulture.

PMID- 18134684
TI  - Discharges excited by microwaves.

PMID- 18134685
TI  - An automatic recording infra-red spectrometer.

PMID- 18134687
TI  - Chromatin threads from cell nuclei.

PMID- 18134686
TI  - Lipids of peripheral nerve during wallerian degeneration.

PMID- 18134688
TI  - Ion exchange and fibre contraction.

PMID- 18134690
TI  - Cell division.

PMID- 18134689
TI  - Chemical composition of the stratosphere at 70 km. height.

PMID- 18134691
TI  - Evidence for alpha-protein structure in polypeptides.

PMID- 18134692
TI  - A new synthesis of pteridines.

PMID- 18134693
TI  - Significance and use of dehydration effects in the analysis of steroids.

PMID- 18134694
TI  - Formation of chelate complexes between thiouracils and heavy-metal salts.

PMID- 18134695
TI  - Long-range protons from the He3 (d,p) alpha-reaction.

PMID- 18134696
TI  - Constant-stress measurements of the hardening of soft materials.

PMID- 18134697
TI  - Choline and the intestinal absorption of fat.

PMID- 18134698
TI  - Biology in the medical curriculum.

PMID- 18134699
TI  - Natural science and value-policy.

PMID- 18134700
TI  - General mensurational gestaltism.

PMID- 18134701
TI  - A theory of protoplasmic streaming.

PMID- 18134702
TI  - Preventive psychiatry.

PMID- 18134703
TI  - The adaptations of mosquitoes to the tropical rain forest environment.

PMID- 18134706
TI  - The treatment of alcoholic patients in Denmark with antabuse with suggestions for
      its trial in the United States.

PMID- 18134707
TI  - Group psychotherapy with alcoholics; preliminary report.

PMID- 18134708
TI  - Group therapy in alcoholism.

PMID- 18134709
TI  - Personality and social implications in the life of the alcoholic veteran.

PMID- 18134710
TI  - Alcoholism among disciplinary cases in industry; a preliminary study.

PMID- 18134711
TI  - Alcohol research in Sweden, 1939-1948.

PMID- 18134712
TI  - Rice and its nutritional aspects.

PMID- 18134713
TI  - Mathematical principles of rheology.

PMID- 18134714
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134715
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134716
TI  - A precision vacuum gauge.

PMID- 18134717
TI  - The use of multigrid tubes as electrometers.

PMID- 18134718
TI  - A high current ion source.

PMID- 18134720
TI  - Counting with Geiger counters.

PMID- 18134719
TI  - An improved synchronous detector.

PMID- 18134721
TI  - Sample scanning mechanism for X-ray diffraction.

PMID- 18134722
TI  - A fast recycling cloud chamber and pulsed magnetic field equipment for use with
      pulsed accelerators.

PMID- 18134723
TI  - The dynamics of synchrotron with straight sections.

PMID- 18134724
TI  - Operational features of a new electron diffraction unit.

PMID- 18134725
TI  - Frequency analyzer for bioelectric potentials in the sub-audio range.

PMID- 18134726
TI  - An apparatus for electrode reversal in the Tiselius electrophresis equipment.

PMID- 18134727
TI  - A system for preparing semitransparent mirrors.

PMID- 18134728
TI  - Plastic embedding of thick celloidin sections of nerve tissue.

PMID- 18134729
TI  - Acid thionin stain for Nissl bodies on frozen sections.

PMID- 18134730
TI  - A chemical and histochemical study of the technic for acid phosphatase.

PMID- 18134731
TI  - Initial and persisting staining power of solutions of iron-hematoxylin lake.

PMID- 18134732
TI  - Some modifications of Warmke's permanent section-smear method for plant
      chromosomes.

PMID- 18134733
TI  - Sudan black B, a new stain for chromosome smear preparations.

PMID- 18134734
TI  - Ponceau-fuchsin as a routine counterstain.

PMID- 18134735
TI  - The history of the microscope; selected references and notes.

PMID- 18134736
TI  - Flagellar structure; the flagellum as a taxonomic character.

PMID- 18134737
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134738
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134741
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134742
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134743
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134744
TI  - The use of pituitrin before delivery; a review of the American literature.

PMID- 18134745
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134746
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134747
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134748
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134749
TI  - [Maternal and fetal mortality].

PMID- 18134750
TI  - [Intra-arterial transfusion; communication of a case].

PMID- 18134751
TI  - Late results in treatment of pancreatic cysts by internal drainage.

PMID- 18134752
TI  - Cicatricial contractures of the thumb.

PMID- 18134754
TI  - The significance of an ulcerating lesion in the stomach following
      gastroenterostomy.

PMID- 18134753
TI  - Peptic ulcer following splanchnicectomy; a report of 13 cases.

PMID- 18134755
TI  - Analysis of postoperative cholangiograms.

PMID- 18134756
TI  - The behavior of bone grafts.

PMID- 18134757
TI  - The medical treatment of endometriosis and the significance of endometriosis.

PMID- 18134758
TI  - Surgical procedures involved in the treatment of endometriosis.

PMID- 18134759
TI  - The suction socket for above-knee amputees.

PMID- 18134760
TI  - The effect of moderate degrees of dicumarol-induced hypoprothrombinemia on
      experimental intravascular thrombosis.

PMID- 18134761
TI  - Papilloma of lacteal duct.

PMID- 18134762
TI  - Carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 18134763
TI  - The effect of reduced blood flow to the liver in renal hypertension.

PMID- 18134764
TI  - The Rh factor.

PMID- 18134765
TI  - Surgical jaundice; factors influencing injury and repair of the liver.

PMID- 18134766
TI  - Mediterranean hemopathic syndromes.

PMID- 18134767
TI  - The use of exchange transfusion for the treatment of severe erythroblastosis due
      to A-B sensitization, with observations on the pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 18134768
TI  - Effect of stasis of blood in varicose veins on erythrocyte fragility, with
      accompanying studies comparing red cells and other blood elements with cubital
      vein blood.

PMID- 18134769
TI  - The role of staphylocoagulase in blood coagulation; the reaction of
      staphylocoagulase with coagulase-globulin to form coagulase-thrombin.

PMID- 18134770
TI  - Multiple myeloma as a form of leukemia.

PMID- 18134771
TI  - Use of antimony in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 18134772
TI  - Hospital problems and the national health grants program.

PMID- 18134773
TI  - Medical social service; a luxury or a necessity?

PMID- 18134774
TI  - Pharmacy problems of the smaller hospital.

PMID- 18134775
TI  - Community service through the out-patient department.

PMID- 18134777
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134776
TI  - The priest and the psychiatrist indispensable to family clinic.

PMID- 18134778
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134779
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134780
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134781
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134782
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134783
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134784
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134785
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134786
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134787
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134788
TI  - Heart disease and continued employment.

PMID- 18134789
TI  - Summary of physical findings of employees over 60 years of age.

PMID- 18134790
TI  - The significance of lead in biological fluids.

PMID- 18134791
TI  - Practical methods for handling psychosomatic problems in industry.

PMID- 18134792
TI  - Common problems in industrial ophthalmology.

PMID- 18134793
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134794
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134795
TI  - Vagotomy; a preliminary report or 15 cases.

PMID- 18134796
TI  - Anaesthesia for caesarean section.

PMID- 18134797
TI  - Use of a sympatholytic drug (priscol) from the point of view of a general
      surgical practitioner.

PMID- 18134798
TI  - Engineering methods in occupational rehabilitation.

PMID- 18134799
TI  - A new coolant; its dermatitis producing qualities.

PMID- 18134801
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134800
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134802
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134803
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134804
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134805
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134806
TI  - The internist, past, present and future.

PMID- 18134807
TI  - The hospital as a center of preventive medicine.

PMID- 18134809
TI  - Present status of aureomycin therapy.

PMID- 18134808
TI  - Research problems in coronary heart disease.

PMID- 18134810
TI  - Pancreatic lithiasis and gastritis; cases with gastroscopic observations.

PMID- 18134812
TI  - Secondary amyloidosis.

PMID- 18134811
TI  - Penicillin and penicillin-malaria in the treatment of tabes dorsalis.

PMID- 18134813
TI  - Newer concepts of medical care.

PMID- 18134814
TI  - Erythema multiforme bullosum due to sulfadiazine sensitivity controlled with
      procaine intravenously.

PMID- 18134815
TI  - Anginal syndrome during sodium succinate therapy.

PMID- 18134816
TI  - Boeck's sarcoid; a case of sarcoidosis complicated by pulmonary emphysema and cor
      pulmonale.

PMID- 18134817
TI  - Surgical treatment of malignancy of the large intestine.

PMID- 18134818
TI  - The use of priscol hydrochloride in the chronic arthritides; preliminary report.

PMID- 18134819
TI  - The surgical correction of nasal deformities.

PMID- 18134821
TI  - Demand schedule in infant feeding.

PMID- 18134820
TI  - Traumatic injuries to the abdomen and its contents.

PMID- 18134822
TI  - Diagnostic difficulties in poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18134823
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134824
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134825
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134826
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134827
TI  - Early diagnosis of cervical carcinoma.

PMID- 18134828
TI  - Carcinoma of the islets of Langerhans; with metastasis to liver and 4 year 9
      months survival.

PMID- 18134830
TI  - Floriculture for doctor and patient.

PMID- 18134829
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of the low back syndrome; the narcotherapeutic approach.

PMID- 18134831
TI  - Bronchiogenic cyst.

PMID- 18134832
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134833
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134834
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134835
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134836
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134837
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134838
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134839
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134840
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134841
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134842
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134843
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134844
TI  - The association of certain ovarian cells with endometrial cancer.

PMID- 18134845
TI  - Infantile diarrhoea and vomiting; a clinical and bacteriological investigation.

PMID- 18134846
TI  - The age of the menarche.

PMID- 18134847
TI  - Experience with a syringe unit.

PMID- 18134848
TI  - Amoebiasis in England as a household disease.

PMID- 18134849
TI  - A case of polyorchidism.

PMID- 18134850
TI  - Fibro-fatty tissue and its relation to certain rheumatic syndromes.

PMID- 18134851
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis in the young.

PMID- 18134852
TI  - Psychogenic rheumatism.

PMID- 18134853
TI  - Fibrocystic disease of the pancreas.

PMID- 18134854
TI  - Fatal case of acute encephalomyelitis due to poliomyelitis virus.

PMID- 18134855
TI  - Streptomycin in development of hydrocephalus in tuberculous meningitis.

PMID- 18134856
TI  - Histamine desensitization in Meniere's disease.

PMID- 18134857
TI  - Congenital cyst of the cystic duct containing calculi.

PMID- 18134858
TI  - An overglove for intrauterine and other manipulations.

PMID- 18134859
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134860
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134861
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134862
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134863
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134864
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134865
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134866
TI  - Biological research in cancer.

PMID- 18134867
TI  - Use of the diuretics.

PMID- 18134868
TI  - The causes and management of urinary retention in patients with cardiovascular
      diseases.

PMID- 18134869
TI  - Primary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18134871
TI  - Medical and surgical treatment of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18134870
TI  - Allergy and antihistamine therapy; a review.

PMID- 18134872
TI  - The rise and progress of medical education in Scotland.

PMID- 18134873
TI  - Introduction to studies on the common cold.

PMID- 18134874
TI  - The relationship of bacteria to the common cold.

PMID- 18134875
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134876
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134878
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134877
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134879
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134880
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134881
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134882
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134884
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134883
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134885
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134886
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134887
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134888
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134889
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134890
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134891
TI  - Carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus; a discussion of early diagnosis and surgical
      treatment.
AB  - Dysphagia, substernal or epigastric distress, and regurgitation of food are
      important early symptoms in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the esophagus.
      Temporary remission in symptoms does not rule out esophageal cancer. The use of
      thick barium meal and routine thorough examination of the esophagus in upright
      and supine positions in all upper gastrointestinal roentgen studies, even though
      the clinical symptoms point to the upper abdomen, are of great importance. The
      spread of the cancer to both mediastinal and subdiaphragmatic lymph nodes makes
      transthoracic thoracolaparotomy the one approach which will permit the surgeon to
      perform a one-stage esophagogastrostomy, and to adequately evaluate and deal with
      cancerous tissue on both sides of the diaphragm. This one-stage procedure permits
      the patient to swallow normally after operation, and the costly and time
      consuming uncertainties of the many-staged operations are avoided. The comfort
      which the operation gives to otherwise doomed patients, along with the improving
      postoperative mortality rate, offers new hope to those who have cancer of the
      esophagus.

PMID- 18134892
TI  - Anoxia and the convulsive state.
AB  - The author believes he has clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that one
      of the underlying causes of idiopathic epilepsy lies in lack of sufficient
      oxygenation of the cerebrum before or during birth.

PMID- 18134893
TI  - The application and evaluation of peritoneoscopy.
AB  - Peritoneoscopic examination has now been accepted throughout the world as a safe
      diagnostic procedure in lieu of laparotomy in selected cases. Laparotomies for
      diagnostic purposes alone should be condemned. Peritoneoscopy should not be done
      without a definite purpose and the procedure should not be expected to accomplish
      more than the purpose for which it is done. Indications for the procedure are set
      forth in detail. Experience has established definite contraindications, which are
      reviewed. The procedure is especially indicated for patients who are aged,
      emaciated, anemic, or poor surgical risks for any reason. All patients having
      ascites of undetermined cause should be examined by peritoneoscopy. The method is
      especially indicated for examination of patients with liver disease of all types,
      for pelvic examinations, for use to determine existence of ectopic pregnancy, and
      for tumor localization. Considerable use was made of the procedure during World
      War II to determine the extent and site of intra-abdominal injuries caused by
      crushing, explosions, and falls from high places. The procedure permits early and
      correct diagnosis, early decision as to the advisability of operation, and
      determination as to operability in cases of malignant gastric lesions. It is a
      safe method for obtaining biopsy specimens from intra-abdominal tissue and
      organs. Accuracy of diagnosis in cases in which the method can be used is
      considerably greater with peritoneoscopic examination than with clinical
      information alone.

PMID- 18134894
TI  - Methyl-bis (beta-chloroethyl)amine in large doses in the treatment of neoplastic
      diseases.
AB  - Sixty-seven patients with neoplastic diseases were treated with 151 courses of
      methylbis (beta-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride (HN(2)). Seventy-seven of the
      courses consisted of single injections of 0.2 to 0.4 mg. per kilogram of body
      weight, and 35 courses were given as single injections of 0.6 mg. per kilogram of
      body weight.Twenty-three patients with Hodgkin's disease were treated. Remissions
      averaged approximately three months in 13 patients who were in good or fair
      general physical condition, and 1.5 months in 11 patients who were in poor or
      moribund condition; one of the 11 did not respond to the therapy. Fifteen
      patients with lymphosarcoma were treated. Remissions averaged between one and two
      months in four patients who were in good or fair general physical condition. Of
      the remaining 11 patients, two showed no response, and the longest remission
      among the remaining nine was approximately 40 days. Satisfactory remissions of
      one to three months were obtained in four patients with mycosis fungoides treated
      with single courses of 0.3 mg. per kilogram of body weight. Serious toxic
      reactions were observed in six patients, four of whom died. In five of the six
      instances the reactions consisted of pancytopenia and hemorrhagic diathesis. All
      these patients were in poor general or hematologic status before therapy. In
      general, large single doses of HN(2) were neither more nor less effective than
      the four-to six-day course usually employed with this agent. Combination of the
      administration of HN(2) with artificial hyperpyrexia, or with concurrent courses
      of pteroylglutamic conjugates, did not enhance the therapeutic effects of the
      agent.

PMID- 18134895
TI  - Relation of neurological complications of subarachnoid block to some unseen
      dangers of new techniques.
AB  - Sterilizing solutions that by accident become mixed into the anesthetic agent are
      probably the etiological factor producing many of the neurological complications
      following spinal anesthesia. Use of sterilizing solutions having an intensity of
      color so great that even one drop in the contents of an ampule will definitely
      color the anesthetic agent is the criterion of safety.

PMID- 18134896
TI  - Indications for and results following exploration of the common bile duct for
      stones.
AB  - Among 100 consecutive patients who had removal or drainage of the gallbladder and
      exploration of the common bile duct for stones, there were no serious, immediate
      or late complications and there were no operative deaths. Ninety-six of the 100
      patients had stones in the gallbladder, in the common duct, or in both, and 52 of
      these patients had one or more stones in the common duct. Ten patients died
      subsequently of unrelated causes. Six patients were lost to followup. Of the 84
      patients whose present condition is known, 75 or 89 per cent have had a
      completely satisfactory result. Six more patients have minor residual symptoms,
      and for them the result has been classified as good. In three patients, the
      results were unsatisfactory. Cholangiograms taken before the removal of the T
      tube showed residual stones in two patients. In each instance, the stone or
      stones have been subsequently passed and both patients are in excellent
      condition.

PMID- 18134897
TI  - A note on the incidence of rheumatic fever in Los Angeles.
AB  - Nationwide campaigns to alert the public to the dangers of rheumatic heart
      disease carry the hazard that parents in some localities may become more alarmed
      than is warranted by the local rate of incidence of the disease; and the alarm of
      the parent may harm the child. In such circumstances physician and patient alike
      might be reassured if it could be ascertained that the incidence of rheumatic
      fever in a given community was relatively low. Application to the Los Angeles
      area of a statistical formula worked out from Coombs' data on the incidence and
      death rate from the disease in England and from Ash's data in Philadelphia, gave
      indication that the incidence of rheumatic fever in all age groups in Los Angeles
      is approximately 68 new cases a year-a relatively favorable figure in a
      population approaching two million.

PMID- 18134899
TI  - Tubal pregnancy in tuberculous salpingitis.

PMID- 18134898
TI  - Complications of gold therapy and their management.
AB  - Early recognition of manifestations of gold intoxication is important to the
      treatment of such complications. Proper dosage schedules should be followed and
      blood and urine frequently examined. Most toxic manifestations subside, but those
      which become worse or which do not subside on withdrawal of the gold should be
      treated with BAL (2, 3-Dimercaptopropanol).BAL has a toxicity of its own and is
      painful on injection. Since BAL combines with gold, the therapeutic effect of the
      metal may be lost after such treatment. The beneficial effects of methionine and
      methionine plus BAL in treatment of experimentally induced gold intoxication of
      animals suggests such combined therapy in the treatment of clinical complications
      of gold poisoning. A schedule of combined antidotes is outlined.

PMID- 18134900
TI  - Edema of the uvula, a manifestation of scopolamine sensitivity.

PMID- 18134901
TI  - Facial characteristics of an infant without renal function.

PMID- 18134902
TI  - [Effect of caronamide on tubular secretion in the kidneys].

PMID- 18134903
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134904
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134905
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134906
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134907
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134908
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134909
TI  - Unusual disorders of the chest and their surgical management.

PMID- 18134910
TI  - Subjective report on electroconvulsive therapy.

PMID- 18134911
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134912
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134913
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134915
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134914
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134916
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134917
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134918
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134919
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134920
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134921
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134922
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134923
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134924
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134925
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134926
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134927
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134928
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134929
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134930
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134932
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134933
TI  - Pregnancy test with the male toad, Bufo viridis.

PMID- 18134931
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134934
TI  - The role of the hyaluronidase in human sterility.

PMID- 18134935
TI  - A case of acro-cephalo-syndactylia [Hebrew text].

PMID- 18134936
TI  - [Lung carcinoma].

PMID- 18134937
TI  - [Queiloneoplastia with total retail bipre-auriculo-temporal-parietal; technique
      Dufour Mentel].

PMID- 18134938
TI  - [Preliminary observations upon the oral bismuth therapy in the treatment of
      syphilis].

PMID- 18134939
TI  - [Myocarditis schistosomal granulomatous form].

PMID- 18134940
TI  - [The musical murmur in aortic insufficiency].

PMID- 18134941
TI  - [Preliminary investigations upon the incidence of skin sensitivity to
      histoplasmin in Brazil].

PMID- 18134942
TI  - [New device for the correction of astigmatism, complementing the ocular
      microscope].

PMID- 18134943
TI  - [Cesarean section versus obstetrics].

PMID- 18134944
TI  - Thrombopenia and increased capillary fragility in hepatic disease.

PMID- 18134945
TI  - The dangers of intrathecal medication.

PMID- 18134946
TI  - Prefrontal leukotomy; an evaluation.

PMID- 18134948
TI  - Hazard of laboratory infection with leprosy.

PMID- 18134947
TI  - Medically prescribed exercises for neuropsychiatric patients; the Veterans
      Administration program.

PMID- 18134949
TI  - Clinical clerkships for sophomore medical students.

PMID- 18134950
TI  - Intern-resident training in a private general hospital.

PMID- 18134951
TI  - Teaching statistical methods in medicine.

PMID- 18134952
TI  - An experiment in instruction in health education for undergraduate medical
      students.

PMID- 18134953
TI  - A successful training program for house officers on a private medical service.

PMID- 18134954
TI  - The nature of biophysics and the responsibilities of a department of biophysics.

PMID- 18134955
TI  - Sarcoidosis.

PMID- 18134956
TI  - Carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 18134957
TI  - Stromal endometriosis.

PMID- 18134958
TI  - Protruded intervertebral disc.

PMID- 18134959
TI  - Recent advances in surgery of the colon.

PMID- 18134960
TI  - A clinical evaluation of aqueous thephorin; a new parenteral antihistaminic
      agent.

PMID- 18134961
TI  - The effect of adenosine-5-monophosphate on pruritus.

PMID- 18134962
TI  - An easy way to treat diabetic patients.

PMID- 18134963
TI  - The value of the upright pyelogram.

PMID- 18134964
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134965
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134966
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134967
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134968
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134969
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134970
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134971
TI  - Some contributions of psychiatry to general medicine.

PMID- 18134972
TI  - Selection of an operation for lesions of the colon and rectum; a clinical study
      with report of 69 cases.

PMID- 18134973
TI  - Improved methods in combating tetanus.

PMID- 18134974
TI  - The newer antibiotics; polymyxin, chloromycetin, and aureomycin.

PMID- 18134975
TI  - Generalized blood platelet thrombosis; report of three cases with necropsy
      findings.

PMID- 18134976
TI  - Dienesterol, an orally active synthetic estrogen; a clinical evaluation.

PMID- 18134977
TI  - Mesothelial cyst of the diaphragm; a case report.

PMID- 18134979
TI  - The early recognition and surgical management of pelvic malignancy.

PMID- 18134978
TI  - Allergic eustacheitis.

PMID- 18134980
TI  - Laboratory aids in complications of diabetes.

PMID- 18134981
TI  - Diabetes in childhood.

PMID- 18134982
TI  - Ocular complications of diabetes.

PMID- 18134983
TI  - Solved and unsolved problems in antihistamine therapy.

PMID- 18134984
TI  - New concepts of electric shock therapy.

PMID- 18134986
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134985
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134987
TI  - Constitutional problems in prognosis.

PMID- 18134988
TI  - Prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18134989
TI  - Diverticulosis of the gastro-intestinal tract.

PMID- 18134990
TI  - Chronic gastritis.

PMID- 18134991
TI  - Hemorrhoids or cancer.

PMID- 18134992
TI  - Effect of war on mortality.

PMID- 18134993
TI  - Evaluation of the flocculation test with Hayem's solution.

PMID- 18134994
TI  - Carcinoma of the endometrium.

PMID- 18134995
TI  - New concepts in the management of cerebral palsy.

PMID- 18134996
TI  - Meningitis of aural origin.

PMID- 18134997
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18134998
TI  - The physiology of intravascular clotting.

PMID- 18134999
TI  - Factors in the occurrence of pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 18135000
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135001
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135002
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135003
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135004
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135005
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135007
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135006
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135008
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135009
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135010
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135011
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135012
TI  - Obstruction of the gastro-oesophageal junction.

PMID- 18135013
TI  - Avian tuberculosis in man.

PMID- 18135014
TI  - HOMOSEXUALITY.

PMID- 18135015
TI  - Gleanings in the field of thyroid surgery.

PMID- 18135016
TI  - Loiasis treated with hetrazan.

PMID- 18135017
TI  - Sequelae of meningococcal meningitis in children.

PMID- 18135018
TI  - A new contrast medium for hysterosalpingography.

PMID- 18135019
TI  - Apparatus for intermittent venous occlusion.

PMID- 18135020
TI  - Thyrotoxic exophthalmos with myopathy.

PMID- 18135021
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135022
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135023
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135024
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135025
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135026
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135027
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135028
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135029
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135031
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135030
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135033
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135032
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135034
TI  - Coordination of medical services in war.

PMID- 18135035
TI  - The prostate; some commonly disregarded principles and precepts.

PMID- 18135036
TI  - Nitrogen mustard; the use in South Australia of methyl bis (beta chloroethyl)
      amine.

PMID- 18135037
TI  - Dead space in closed circuit anaesthetic apparatus; a circuit absorpition unit of
      modified design.

PMID- 18135038
TI  - Roseola infantum (exanthema subitum).

PMID- 18135039
TI  - Arrhenoblastoma of the right ovary.

PMID- 18135040
TI  - Accidental air embolism in a blood donor.

PMID- 18135041
TI  - Modern treatment of acute rheumatism in childhood.

PMID- 18135042
TI  - The lily-white appendix.

PMID- 18135043
TI  - The diagnosis and modern treatment of bronchiectasis.

PMID- 18135044
TI  - Some basic principles in the treatment of flexion deformity of the knee.

PMID- 18135045
TI  - Migrainous headaches; a modern treatment.

PMID- 18135046
TI  - The first year in general practice; the effect on a typical practice.

PMID- 18135047
TI  - The patient and the hospital specialist services.

PMID- 18135048
TI  - Free treatment in the 17. century.

PMID- 18135049
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135050
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135051
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135052
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135053
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135054
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135055
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135056
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135057
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135058
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135059
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135060
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135061
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135062
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135063
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135065
TI  - Endometriosis.

PMID- 18135064
TI  - The Minnesota centennial; its medical history.

PMID- 18135066
TI  - Tumors of the optic disc; report of a case.

PMID- 18135067
TI  - Impressions from European neurosurgical clinics.

PMID- 18135068
TI  - Differential diagnosis in pulmonary shadows observed on X-ray films.

PMID- 18135069
TI  - Bleeding of the last trimester of pregnancy.

PMID- 18135070
TI  - Interference dissociation due to surgical anaesthesia.

PMID- 18135071
TI  - Traumatic lesions of the abdomen.

PMID- 18135072
TI  - Suggested program for better distribution of medical service to the public.

PMID- 18135073
TI  - The treatment of heart failure.

PMID- 18135074
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135075
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135076
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135077
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135078
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135079
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135080
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135081
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135082
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135083
TI  - Acute appendicitis complicating the acute infectious diseases of childhood.

PMID- 18135084
TI  - The evolution of intercapillary glomerulosclerosis.

PMID- 18135085
TI  - Fatal pancytopenia following the use of mesantoin; report of a case.

PMID- 18135086
TI  - Active immunization.

PMID- 18135087
TI  - Bronchial adenoma.

PMID- 18135089
TI  - The American Academy of General Practice; why the Academy?

PMID- 18135088
TI  - Public health and insurance aspects of amebiasis; a note on certain erroneous
      concepts.

PMID- 18135090
TI  - Menopausal bleeding.

PMID- 18135092
TI  - Value of proctoscopic examination in general practice.

PMID- 18135091
TI  - Vaginal bleeding from the use of potassium permanganate.

PMID- 18135093
TI  - The treatment of delirium tremens.

PMID- 18135094
TI  - Purpura presumably due to house dust; case report.

PMID- 18135095
TI  - Subacute disseminated lupus erythematosus; report of a case treated with para
      aminobenzoic acid.

PMID- 18135096
TI  - The X-ray in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

PMID- 18135097
TI  - The ulcerative colitis problem.

PMID- 18135098
TI  - The relation of amebic dysentery to chronic ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 18135099
TI  - Recent advances in antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 18135100
TI  - Colonic dysfunction.

PMID- 18135101
TI  - Migraine headache treated successfully by head-traction manipulation and thiamin
      chloride.

PMID- 18135102
TI  - The treatment of paralysis agitans with thephorin.

PMID- 18135103
TI  - Hesperidin-C and capillary fragility.

PMID- 18135104
TI  - Experience with the Barton forceps in a small urban hospital.

PMID- 18135105
TI  - The use of an intermittent ambulatory schedule of penicillin in oil and wax in
      the treatment of early latent syphilis and syphilis in pregnancy.

PMID- 18135106
TI  - The migraine problem.

PMID- 18135107
TI  - Central placenta previa with missed labor.

PMID- 18135108
TI  - Foreign body (needle) in heart.

PMID- 18135109
TI  - Diaphragmatic hernia through the foramen of Morgagni.

PMID- 18135110
TI  - Our common goal; the health of the public.

PMID- 18135111
TI  - Brucella suis treated successfully with streptomycin.

PMID- 18135112
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135113
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135114
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135115
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135116
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135117
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135118
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135119
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135120
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135121
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135122
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135123
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135124
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135125
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135126
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135127
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135128
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135129
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135131
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135130
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135132
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135133
TI  - The management and treatment of patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia.

PMID- 18135134
TI  - Familial periodic paralysis as traced in one family for five generations.

PMID- 18135135
TI  - Simplifying dermatology for the practitioner.

PMID- 18135136
TI  - Results of conservative treatment of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18135137
TI  - The role of the general practitioner in the prevention of psychiatric disorders.

PMID- 18135139
TI  - Neoplasms of the kidney.

PMID- 18135138
TI  - Further experiences with the rooming-in project of baby with mother.

PMID- 18135141
TI  - Science, psychiatry, survival; survival of strongest or cooperation and mutual
      aid.

PMID- 18135140
TI  - Carcinoma of the large bowel; an appraisal of operations without permanent
      abdominal colostomy, based on over 1100 personal cases.

PMID- 18135142
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135143
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135144
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135145
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135146
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135147
TI  - The clinical management of diarrheas.

PMID- 18135148
TI  - Intrathoracic extrapulmonary tumors; diagnosis and surgical treatment.

PMID- 18135150
TI  - Testicular dysfunction.

PMID- 18135149
TI  - Differential diagnosis between malignant and benign breast lesions.

PMID- 18135151
TI  - Essential hypertension; clinical and pathologic characteristics.

PMID- 18135152
TI  - Errors in electrocardiographic diagnosis.

PMID- 18135153
TI  - Obstetrics in the National Health Service.

PMID- 18135154
TI  - Modern views on the management of placenta praevia.

PMID- 18135155
TI  - Pelvimetry in obstetrics.

PMID- 18135156
TI  - An evaluation of the various factors in infertility.

PMID- 18135157
TI  - The present position of radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant disease of the
      pelvis.

PMID- 18135159
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135158
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135160
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135161
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135162
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135163
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135164
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135165
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135166
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135167
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135169
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135168
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135170
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135171
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135172
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135173
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135174
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135175
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135176
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135177
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135178
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135179
TI  - Actinomyces bovis in tissues and body fluids.

PMID- 18135180
TI  - Some complications of the climacteric.

PMID- 18135181
TI  - Operating room deaths; a 9-year study with review of the literature.

PMID- 18135182
TI  - Acute mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema.

PMID- 18135183
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135184
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135185
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135186
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135187
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135188
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135189
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135190
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135191
TI  - A case of bleeding peptic ulcer in Meckel's diverticulum.

PMID- 18135192
TI  - Annual report for 1948 of the section on anesthesiology; including data and
      remarks concerning blood transfusion and the use of blood substitutes.

PMID- 18135194
TI  - Floss silk darn for inguinal hernia.

PMID- 18135193
TI  - Persistent painful states after digital nerve injury.

PMID- 18135195
TI  - An operation for hypospadias.

PMID- 18135196
TI  - Evaluation of renal clearances.

PMID- 18135197
TI  - The treatment of prostatic secondary deposits in bone.

PMID- 18135198
TI  - Pharmacological explorations of the personality; narco-analysis and methedrine
      shock.

PMID- 18135199
TI  - Discussion on periarteritis nodosa.

PMID- 18135200
TI  - Three children successfully operated upon for congenital atresia of the
      oesophagus with oesophago-tracheal fistula.

PMID- 18135201
TI  - Healed miliary tuberculosis of liver and spleen; hepatomegaly; splenomegaly.

PMID- 18135202
TI  - Four cases of intermittent claudication.

PMID- 18135203
TI  - Familial haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease).

PMID- 18135204
TI  - Non-familial haemorrhagic telangiectasia.

PMID- 18135205
TI  - The pharmacological basis of modern anaesthesia.

PMID- 18135206
TI  - Nerve deafness; its clinical criteria, old and new.

PMID- 18135207
TI  - The causes of perceptive deafness.

PMID- 18135208
TI  - Pituitrin therapy in hydronephrosis.

PMID- 18135209
TI  - Vesical diverticula.

PMID- 18135210
TI  - Nephrocalcinosis in infancy.

PMID- 18135211
TI  - Hepatic cirrhosis following neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 18135212
TI  - Spasmus nutans.

PMID- 18135213
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135214
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135215
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135216
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135217
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135218
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135219
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135220
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135221
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135222
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135223
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135224
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135225
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135226
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135227
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135229
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135228
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135230
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135231
TI  - [New method of permanent gastrostomy; experimental study].

PMID- 18135233
TI  - [A case of pinta (puru-puru) indigenous to the urban area of Sao Paulo].

PMID- 18135232
TI  - [Study of carbohydrate metabolism in acromegaly and pituitary gigantism].

PMID- 18135234
TI  - [Canicola fever in humans, leptospirosis canicola].

PMID- 18135235
TI  - [New technique of complement fixation for Chagas disease; quantitative reaction
      with antigen gelled cultures of Trypanosoma cruzi].

PMID- 18135236
TI  - [The cerebrospinal fluid of newborns].

PMID- 18135237
TI  - [Apropos of two cases of reported psychoses with anti-social reactions of severe
      proportions].

PMID- 18135238
TI  - [A serological survey for the diagnosis of syphilis conducted in the area of
      prostitution in Sao Paulo].

PMID- 18135239
TI  - [Pyridoxine and tinnitus].

PMID- 18135240
TI  - [Otosclerotic deafness; its surgical treatment].

PMID- 18135241
TI  - [Resections in pulmonary tuberculosis; considerations on 25 cases].

PMID- 18135242
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135243
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135245
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135244
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135246
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135248
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135247
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135249
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135250
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135251
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135252
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135254
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135253
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135255
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135256
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135257
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135258
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135259
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135260
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135261
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135262
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135263
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135264
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135265
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135266
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135267
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135268
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135269
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135270
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135271
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135272
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135273
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135274
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135275
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135276
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135277
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135278
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135279
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135280
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135281
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135282
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135283
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135284
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135285
TI  - Low back pain with sciatica; the importance of the ruptured intervertebral disc.

PMID- 18135286
TI  - The modern diabetic.

PMID- 18135287
TI  - Acute perforated peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18135288
TI  - Internal fixation of the femur with the Kuntscher intramedullary nail.

PMID- 18135289
TI  - The treatment of slipped femoral epiphysis.

PMID- 18135290
TI  - Pyogenic osteomyelitis of the cervical spine with quadriplegia secondary to cord
      pressure; recovery following spinal cord fusion.

PMID- 18135291
TI  - Electrocardiographic aids in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

PMID- 18135292
TI  - Nail bed reactions due to under coats.

PMID- 18135293
TI  - Anesthesia in proctology.

PMID- 18135294
TI  - Recent developments in the field of education in industrial medicine.

PMID- 18135295
TI  - Some problems of rehabilitation following injuries to the foot and ankle.

PMID- 18135296
TI  - Active therapy of varicose veins in pregnancy.

PMID- 18135297
TI  - Management of allergic sinusitis.

PMID- 18135298
TI  - Keratosis blennorrhagica; report of a case treated with penicillin and
      hyperpyrexia.

PMID- 18135299
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135300
TI  - Nitrogen mustard in treatment of leukemias.

PMID- 18135301
TI  - Megaloblastic anemia of infancy.

PMID- 18135302
TI  - Experimental use of methyl testosterone in the premature infant.

PMID- 18135303
TI  - Treatment of acute nonsuppurative thrombophlebitis.

PMID- 18135304
TI  - Accessory spleen in the scrotum; report of a case.

PMID- 18135305
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135306
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135308
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135307
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135309
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135310
TI  - Penicillin-inhalation.

PMID- 18135311
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135312
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135313
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135314
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135315
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135316
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135317
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135318
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135319
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135320
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135321
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135322
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135323
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135324
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135325
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135326
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135327
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135328
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135329
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135330
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135331
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135332
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135333
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135334
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135335
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135336
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135337
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135339
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135338
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135340
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135341
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135342
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135343
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135344
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135345
TI  - A journey of lepers on Okinawa.

PMID- 18135346
TI  - Studies on the origin and development of normal hemagglutinins.

PMID- 18135347
TI  - Erythema multiforme exudativum; report of a case with false-positive serology.

PMID- 18135348
TI  - Dermal spreading of India ink with and without hyaluronidase as influenced by
      hormones from the adrenal cortex.

PMID- 18135349
TI  - The extractable histamine content of gastric mucosa and lung before and after
      parenteral histamine administration.

PMID- 18135350
TI  - The Army's interest in public health activities.

PMID- 18135351
TI  - Malaria on Okinawa.

PMID- 18135352
TI  - Liver biopsy.

PMID- 18135353
TI  - Nonspecific urethritis.

PMID- 18135355
TI  - FOOD inspection and the Army's health.

PMID- 18135354
TI  - Traumatic amputation of entire upper extremity.

PMID- 18135356
TI  - Procaine block and carbuncles.

PMID- 18135358
TI  - An internist speculates on surgery.

PMID- 18135357
TI  - Spontaneous hemopneumothorax.

PMID- 18135359
TI  - The importance of Medical Department administration.

PMID- 18135360
TI  - A case of virus pneumonia.

PMID- 18135361
TI  - Surgical treatment of the peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18135362
TI  - Amicrobic pyuria.

PMID- 18135363
TI  - Exfoliative dermatitis due to penicillin and streptomycin.

PMID- 18135364
TI  - Mumps and some unusual complications and possible factors depressing immunity of
      recently inducted troops.

PMID- 18135365
TI  - Assistant battalion surgeons in combat.

PMID- 18135366
TI  - An early regime for severe finger injuries.

PMID- 18135367
TI  - Megaloblastic anaemia in an infant.

PMID- 18135368
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135369
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135370
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135371
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135372
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135373
TI  - The derivatives of the hypothalamus in the human brain; their relation to the
      extrapyramidal and autonomic systems.

PMID- 18135374
TI  - Multiple hemorrhagic telangiectasis (Rendu, Osler, Weber disease) a case report
      with visceral involvement.

PMID- 18135375
TI  - The physiological approach to congestive heart failure.

PMID- 18135377
TI  - A palatable high caloric high protein drink.

PMID- 18135376
TI  - Medico-military aspects of the repatriation of sick and wounded.

PMID- 18135378
TI  - Scientific manpower and military research.

PMID- 18135379
TI  - Diagnostic advances at virus laboratory.

PMID- 18135380
TI  - The atmosphere in a submarine.

PMID- 18135381
TI  - ACUTE infectious jaundice during the war years.

PMID- 18135382
TI  - FLATFOOT.

PMID- 18135383
TI  - Recognition of nerve and tendon severance in the hand.

PMID- 18135384
TI  - Physical medicine in Army hospitals.

PMID- 18135385
TI  - Penicillin and streptomycin team established at Army hospitals.

PMID- 18135386
TI  - Plastic ophthalmo prostheses.

PMID- 18135387
TI  - Head wounds, Canadian Army, World War II.

PMID- 18135388
TI  - Recurrent intraocular haemorrhages in young adults, Eales' disease; a preliminary
      report.

PMID- 18135389
TI  - Bronchogenic carcinoma.

PMID- 18135390
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135391
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135392
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135393
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135394
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135395
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135396
TI  - An attempt to predict probable combat effectiveness by brief psychiatric
      examination.

PMID- 18135397
TI  - A statistical study of family relationships in psychoneurosis.

PMID- 18135398
TI  - Compulsion neurosis with cachexia (anorexia nervosa).

PMID- 18135399
TI  - Psychophysiological study of mentally ill patients: changes in the reactions to
      epinephrine and mecholyl after electric shock treatment.

PMID- 18135400
TI  - Wave and spike discharges in the electro-encephalogram.

PMID- 18135401
TI  - Involutional melancholia and convulsive therapy.

PMID- 18135402
TI  - Psychiatry in Switzerland; Zurich, Basel, Bern.

PMID- 18135403
TI  - Report of three cases of trigeminal neuralgia apparently cured by electroshock
      therapy.

PMID- 18135404
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135405
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135406
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135407
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135408
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135409
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135410
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135411
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135412
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135413
TI  - Modern reorientations in psychoanalytic therapy.

PMID- 18135414
TI  - Hypothermia; a new treatment of psychiatric disorders.

PMID- 18135415
TI  - A consideration of human ecology.

PMID- 18135416
TI  - Psychoses with multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 18135417
TI  - Bronchogenous carcinoma, right upper lobe, with a metastasis to the left
      cerebellar hemisphere.

PMID- 18135418
TI  - Rhythmic electrical activity from isolated cerebral cortex.

PMID- 18135419
TI  - The electroencephalogram following occipital lobectomy.

PMID- 18135420
TI  - Electrographic study of the convulsant action of intravenously administered
      acetylcholine.

PMID- 18135421
TI  - Influence of ammonium chloride on the electrical activity of the brain and spinal
      cord.

PMID- 18135422
TI  - The electroencephalogram in cerebellar seizures.

PMID- 18135423
TI  - Effects of thalamic stimulation in unanaesthetised animals; the arrest reaction
      and petit mal-like seizures, activation patterns and generalized convulsions.

PMID- 18135424
TI  - Changes in the electroencephalogram following administration o mesantoin (methyl
      phenyl-ethyl hydantoin).

PMID- 18135425
TI  - Continuous measurement of alveolar CO2 tension during the hyperventilation test
      in routine electroencephalography.

PMID- 18135426
TI  - Path of current distribution in brain during electro-convulsive therapy;
      preliminary report.

PMID- 18135427
TI  - Focal epilepsy, sensory precipitation and evoked cortical potentials.

PMID- 18135428
TI  - A method for automatic analysis of the electroencephalogram.

PMID- 18135429
TI  - Rapid serial angiography; preliminary report.

PMID- 18135430
TI  - Percutaneous carotid angiography; a team technique with a report of the results
      in 70 cases.

PMID- 18135431
TI  - Experimental radio-necrosis of the brain in rabbits.

PMID- 18135432
TI  - After-imagery in defective fields of vision.

PMID- 18135433
TI  - Visual scotomata with intracranial lesions affecting the optic nerve.

PMID- 18135434
TI  - The tonic pupil.

PMID- 18135435
TI  - Observations on the wave and spike complex in the electro-encephalogram.

PMID- 18135436
TI  - Psychiatric changes associated with Friedreich's ataxia.

PMID- 18135437
TI  - Cramp in cases of prolapsed intervertebral disc.

PMID- 18135438
TI  - A contribution to the psychopathology of genuine epilepsy.

PMID- 18135439
TI  - The spirit of psychoanalysis.

PMID- 18135440
TI  - Symbolism in handwriting.

PMID- 18135441
TI  - Environmental factors in homosexuality in adolescent girls.

PMID- 18135442
TI  - Shell shock or traumatic neurosis.

PMID- 18135443
TI  - Parkinsonism as a sequela in heat stroke.

PMID- 18135444
TI  - The administration of electric shock treatment to a patient with purulent
      bronchiectasis and following pneumonectomy.

PMID- 18135445
TI  - The psychiatrist as a consultant to the court.

PMID- 18135446
TI  - Infantile eczema.

PMID- 18135447
TI  - Neurological complications in pernicous anemia.

PMID- 18135448
TI  - Control of incontinent urine by using external drainage.

PMID- 18135449
TI  - National planning for nursing and nursing education.

PMID- 18135450
TI  - The Jones-Thomas frame.

PMID- 18135451
TI  - The pH of fruit juices.

PMID- 18135452
TI  - Use of replications in deep-fat frying experiments.

PMID- 18135453
TI  - Ascorbic acid content of frozen and canned fruits before and after preparation
      for quantity serving.

PMID- 18135454
TI  - Characteristics of country-style hams as related to sugar content of curing
      mixture.

PMID- 18135455
TI  - Evaluation of future perish-ability of intact fresh eggs by radio-frequency
      conductivity.

PMID- 18135456
TI  - Palatability of kale in relation to cooking procedure and variety.

PMID- 18135457
TI  - Use of milk fat fractions in baked products.

PMID- 18135458
TI  - Effect of sugars on oxidation of ascorbic acid; general and specific effects.

PMID- 18135459
TI  - Effect of sugars on oxidation of ascorbic acid; influence of pH and type of
      buffer.

PMID- 18135460
TI  - Primary malignant melanoma of the optic disc; report of a case.

PMID- 18135461
TI  - The treatment of local lid infections with phages and particularly with
      filtrates.

PMID- 18135462
TI  - Regeneration of the corneal stroma cells; review of literature and histologic
      study.

PMID- 18135463
TI  - A further, very delicate test for astigmatic axis, using the cross cylinder with
      an astigmatic dial and without use of letter charts.

PMID- 18135464
TI  - Fixation disparity and the fusional processes in binocular single vision.

PMID- 18135465
TI  - Antistine; a study of its toxicity on topical application to the eye.

PMID- 18135466
TI  - The effect of dicumarol on the visual fields in glaucoma; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18135467
TI  - Therapy of some ocular inflammations based on immunologic principles.

PMID- 18135468
TI  - Scleral staphyloma and retinal detachment.

PMID- 18135469
TI  - The use of procaine intravenously in ophthalmology; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18135470
TI  - Local use of antistine in nodular episcleritis.

PMID- 18135471
TI  - Silver nitrate causing dacryocystitis.

PMID- 18135472
TI  - A simplified astigmometer.

PMID- 18135473
TI  - Clinical and histopathologic aspects of angioid streaks.

PMID- 18135474
TI  - Allergy in ophthalmology.

PMID- 18135475
TI  - Psychosomatic phenomena in ophthalmology.

PMID- 18135476
TI  - The final results of squint operations, in which restoration of binocular single
      vision was not expected.

PMID- 18135477
TI  - The cornea in polarized light.

PMID- 18135478
TI  - Traumatic or concussion chronic glaucoma.

PMID- 18135479
TI  - The photopic luminosity curve and visual purple.

PMID- 18135480
TI  - Iridoschisis in a case of chronic primary glaucoma.

PMID- 18135481
TI  - A note on the effect of sleep on glaucoma.

PMID- 18135482
TI  - The subconjunctival ab externo approach in glaucoma.

PMID- 18135483
TI  - Unusual ocular foreign body.

PMID- 18135485
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135484
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135486
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135487
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135488
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135489
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135490
TI  - Foreign bodies in the oesophagus; a review of 602 cases.

PMID- 18135491
TI  - On prognosis and therapy in oto-rhinogenous meningitis.

PMID- 18135493
TI  - Simple objective test for paracusis.

PMID- 18135492
TI  - Two unusual causes of stridor.

PMID- 18135494
TI  - Carotid pain.

PMID- 18135495
TI  - Reconstruction of the nasal septum.

PMID- 18135496
TI  - The use of the magnet in the tracheobronchial tree, the esophagus, stomach and
      duodenum.

PMID- 18135497
TI  - Stapedioparalytic phonophobia (hyperacusis) in a deaf ear; case reports including
      studies on the analysis of the phenomenon and suggestions for possible
      applications of the phonophobia test.

PMID- 18135498
TI  - The adhesiveness of blood platelets in thromboembolism and hemorrhagic disorders;
      measurement of platelet adhesiveness by the glass-wool filter.

PMID- 18135499
TI  - Quantitative correlation of morphologic liver changes and clinical tests.

PMID- 18135500
TI  - Sarcoidosis; a clinicopathologic review of 300 cases, including 22 autopsies.

PMID- 18135501
TI  - Hashimoto's and Riedel's strumas and lymphadenoid goiter.

PMID- 18135502
TI  - Cytologic diagnosis and bronchogenic carcinoma.

PMID- 18135503
TI  - Further studies on the rhw factor.

PMID- 18135505
TI  - Periportal cirrhosis with hemochromatosis of the liver.

PMID- 18135504
TI  - Abnormal agglutinability of red cells in pyogenic infections; report of two
      cases.

PMID- 18135506
TI  - Incidence of fatal coronary disease in nondiabetic and in diabetic persons.

PMID- 18135507
TI  - Primary alveolar cell tumors of the lung.

PMID- 18135508
TI  - Effect of experimental thiamine deficiency on the nervous system of the rhesus
      monkey.

PMID- 18135509
TI  - Pathologic changes after hepatectomy; with special reference to hepatic necrosis
      in protein-depleted rats.

PMID- 18135510
TI  - Unusual hamartoma of the lung in a newborn infant.

PMID- 18135511
TI  - Absence of the pulmonary artery; a new classification for pulmonary arteries of
      anomalous origin; report of a case of absence of the pulmonary artery with
      hypertrophied branchial arteries.

PMID- 18135512
TI  - Radioresistant cells in certain radiosensitive tissues of swine exposed to atomic
      bomb radiation.

PMID- 18135513
TI  - Glioma of the nose; report of a case of the extranasal type.

PMID- 18135514
TI  - Carcinoid of the rectum.

PMID- 18135515
TI  - Value of biopsy of the liver in nutritional dystrophy; evaluation of treatment
      with choline and dried stomach.

PMID- 18135516
TI  - Disseminated visceral lesions associated with extreme eosinophilia; pathologic
      and clinical observations on a syndrome of young children.

PMID- 18135517
TI  - Comparison of a group of rubella-deafened children with a group of hereditarily
      deaf children and their sibs.

PMID- 18135518
TI  - Streptomycin in treatment of whooping cough.

PMID- 18135519
TI  - Further studies on use of streptomycin in treatment of whooping cough.

PMID- 18135520
TI  - Spread of diarrhea of unknown origin in a ward for infants.

PMID- 18135521
TI  - Hereditary factors in infantile progressive muscular atrophy; study of 112 cases
      in 70 families.

PMID- 18135522
TI  - Peritoneal irrigation; method of treatment of acute renal failure in an infant.

PMID- 18135523
TI  - Postvaccination encephalitis; a problem in differential diagnosis.

PMID- 18135524
TI  - Avitaminosis A in giardiasis.

PMID- 18135525
TI  - Cushing's syndrome due to tumor of adrenal cortex; report of a case of an 11
      month old infant, with apparent operative cure.

PMID- 18135526
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135527
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135528
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135529
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135530
TI  - Allergy and immunity in tuberculosis, with special reference to BCG vaccination.

PMID- 18135531
TI  - Wilms' tumor in a 5 weeks old infant.

PMID- 18135532
TI  - Oral penicillin for children with rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18135533
TI  - Further studies on oral penicillin in the prophylaxis of recurrent rheumatic
      fever.

PMID- 18135534
TI  - Pancreatic achylia and glycosuria due to cystic disease of the pancreas in a 9
      year old child.

PMID- 18135535
TI  - Grid prodrome phenomenon in celiac disease; report of four cases.

PMID- 18135536
TI  - Congenital anal stricture.

PMID- 18135537
TI  - Leprosy, a disease of childhood with special reference to early findings in eye,
      ear, nose, and throat of children examined at the National Leprosarium at
      Carville, La.

PMID- 18135538
TI  - Potassium bromate poisoning.

PMID- 18135539
TI  - Feeding premature infants; comparison of four groups of premature infants fed
      different milk mixtures.

PMID- 18135540
TI  - Pyloric stenosis in one of identical twins.

PMID- 18135541
TI  - Tetany in newborn twins coincident with maternal toxemia.

PMID- 18135542
TI  - Congenital indifference to pain.

PMID- 18135543
TI  - An experiment in sex education at a boys' summer camp.

PMID- 18135544
TI  - Exanthem subitum (roseola infantum) complicated by prolonged convulsions and
      hemiplegia.

PMID- 18135545
TI  - Bacillus subtilis septicemia treated with penicillin.

PMID- 18135546
TI  - Virginal hypertrophy of the breast.

PMID- 18135547
TI  - Congenital syphilis.

PMID- 18135548
TI  - Ascariasis.

PMID- 18135549
TI  - The gifted child.

PMID- 18135550
TI  - Sclerenchyma in the diagnosis and analysis of vegetable powders.

PMID- 18135551
TI  - A titration method for the determination of procaine in procaine penicillin and
      its oily suspensions.

PMID- 18135552
TI  - A new method for measuring diffusion of antiseptics from ointment bases.

PMID- 18135553
TI  - The bromination of p-aminosalicylic acid, sodium p-aminosalicylate and m
      aminophenol.

PMID- 18135554
TI  - A photoelectric colorimetric method for the estimation of khellin.

PMID- 18135555
TI  - The response of the heart to visammin and to khellinin.

PMID- 18135556
TI  - Fungicides in medicine and pharmacy.

PMID- 18135557
TI  - A new suppository base, soluble in water.

PMID- 18135558
TI  - The modern dispensing department.

PMID- 18135559
TI  - Biophysical requirements for the ventilation of clothing.

PMID- 18135560
TI  - Control of blood flow to the extremities at low ambient temperatures.

PMID- 18135561
TI  - Venous pressure and cutaneous reactive hyperemia in exhausting exercise and
      certain other circulatory stresses.

PMID- 18135563
TI  - [Lobotomies and apraxia].

PMID- 18135562
TI  - [Selective leucotomy].

PMID- 18135564
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135565
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135566
TI  - Reliability of rectal temperatures as an index of internal body temperature.

PMID- 18135567
TI  - Mixing of alveolar air with dead space air during expiration.

PMID- 18135568
TI  - Metabolism of parasitic helminths.

PMID- 18135569
TI  - Exophthalmos.

PMID- 18135570
TI  - Physiological and pathological responses in the blood-vessels of the liver.

PMID- 18135571
TI  - The determination of the renal clearance of inulin in man.

PMID- 18135572
TI  - Observations on dye excretion through synovial membrane after lumbosacral
      sympathectomy and circulatory obstruction.

PMID- 18135573
TI  - On histidinuria.

PMID- 18135574
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135575
TI  - The subjective duration of time-intervals.

PMID- 18135576
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135577
TI  - Consciousness and the unconscious in depth and gestalt psychology.

PMID- 18135578
TI  - Certain Rorschach response categories and mental abilities.

PMID- 18135579
TI  - Modification of academic performance through personal interview.

PMID- 18135580
TI  - Types of errors in location judgments on scaled surfaces; errors of
      configuration.

PMID- 18135581
TI  - Types of errors in location judgments on scaled surfaces; random and systematic
      errors.

PMID- 18135583
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135582
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135584
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135585
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135586
TI  - The effect of removal of adhering tissue fluid upon the growth and survival of
      embryonic tissue in vitro.

PMID- 18135587
TI  - Demyelinating encephalomyelitis in the dog associated with antirabies
      vaccination.

PMID- 18135588
TI  - Japanese equine encephalomyelitis; 1947 epizootic; serological and etiological
      studies.

PMID- 18135589
TI  - Experimental transmission of Japanese B encephalitis virus by Culex
      tritaeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens var. pallens, suspected natural vectors.

PMID- 18135590
TI  - Isolations of Japanese B encephalitis virus from naturally infected Culex
      tritaeniorhynchus collected in Japan.

PMID- 18135591
TI  - Poliomyelitis attack rates in American troops, 1940-1948.

PMID- 18135592
TI  - Chloramphenicol in the chemoprophylaxis of scrub typhus; epidemiological
      observations on hyperendemic areas of scrub typhus in Malaya.

PMID- 18135593
TI  - Chloramphenicol in the chemoprophylaxis of scrub typhus; results with volunteers
      exposed in hyperendemic areas of scrub typhus.

PMID- 18135594
TI  - Studies on the chemotherapy of filariasis.

PMID- 18135596
TI  - An investigation of low mortality in certain areas.

PMID- 18135595
TI  - Occupational eye diseases and injuries.

PMID- 18135597
TI  - [Czechoslovak-Polish cooperation in the field of Public Health Service].

PMID- 18135598
TI  - [Program for Public Health Service].

PMID- 18135599
TI  - [Outlines of the work of Public Health Service].

PMID- 18135601
TI  - [Budget of the Polish Ministry of Public Health for 1949].

PMID- 18135600
TI  - [Instructions of the Public Health Service on the threshold of socialistic
      Poland].

PMID- 18135602
TI  - [Planned use of medical personnel].

PMID- 18135603
TI  - [Training of the district surgeons].

PMID- 18135604
TI  - [Control of venereal disease in Poland].

PMID- 18135605
TI  - [Development of the State Public Health Institute].

PMID- 18135606
TI  - [Uniform pay-rates in the Public Health Service].

PMID- 18135607
TI  - [Institute of scientific medical publications].

PMID- 18135608
TI  - [Spas of Poland].

PMID- 18135609
TI  - Diverticula of the oesophagus.

PMID- 18135610
TI  - The radiological aspects of diverticula of the stomach and small bowel.

PMID- 18135611
TI  - Diverticulosis and diverticulitis of the large intestine.

PMID- 18135613
TI  - The synchrotron accelerator; its potentialities as a generator of X-rays and
      electrons of 10-50 MeV energies for medical use.

PMID- 18135612
TI  - Diverticula of the colon.

PMID- 18135614
TI  - The microwave linear electron accelerator.

PMID- 18135615
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135616
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135617
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135618
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135619
TI  - Why the additional view?

PMID- 18135620
TI  - Soft tissue roentgenography.

PMID- 18135622
TI  - BCG vaccination in Venezuela.

PMID- 18135621
TI  - Radiography of the lumbar spine; lateral view.

PMID- 18135623
TI  - Experience with BCG vaccination in Cordoba, Argentina.

PMID- 18135624
TI  - A critical analysis of BCG in the prevention of tuberculosis.

PMID- 18135625
TI  - Calcified splenic cyst; report of a case.

PMID- 18135626
TI  - Pulmonary cryptococcosis; report of a case with surgical cure.

PMID- 18135627
TI  - A method of biopsy useful in diagnosing certain intrathoracic diseases.

PMID- 18135628
TI  - The pneumoconioses.

PMID- 18135629
TI  - New horizons in the surgical management of carcinoma of the prostate gland.

PMID- 18135630
TI  - Use of fibrin film in repair of experimentally produced hernias.

PMID- 18135631
TI  - Cancer of the gallbladder; report of a 5-year cure of anaplastic carcinoma with
      metastases.

PMID- 18135632
TI  - Minimal saddle-block anesthesia for vaginal delivery.

PMID- 18135633
TI  - Internal fixation of fractures of the femoral neck.

PMID- 18135634
TI  - Malignant tumors of the thyroid gland; diagnosis, management and end results.

PMID- 18135635
TI  - Thiouracil and surgery of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 18135636
TI  - The perforated appendix.

PMID- 18135637
TI  - Anesthesia for extremity amputations; a statistical review of 185 major
      amputation cases.

PMID- 18135638
TI  - Prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications.

PMID- 18135639
TI  - Role of anesthesia in gynecologic surgery.

PMID- 18135640
TI  - Extrapleural pneumonolysis with plombage.

PMID- 18135641
TI  - Disturbances of the pancreas and the use of the amylase test.

PMID- 18135642
TI  - Tumors of the adrenal gland; carcinoma of the adrenal cortex.

PMID- 18135643
TI  - Unusual condition of colon following resection of sigmoid for adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 18135644
TI  - Ileocolic intussusception due to metastasis from embryonal carcinoma of the
      testis.

PMID- 18135645
TI  - Primary tuberculosis of the cervix uteri.

PMID- 18135646
TI  - The Edwin Smith surgical papyrus.

PMID- 18135647
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135648
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135649
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135650
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135651
TI  - The treatment of malignant obstruction of the cardia.

PMID- 18135652
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of stomach.

PMID- 18135653
TI  - A case of gastric carcinoma with spread exclusively to the remainder of the bowel
      and perianal skin.

PMID- 18135654
TI  - Pulmonary embolism arising from the great saphenous vein.

PMID- 18135655
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the trachea.

PMID- 18135656
TI  - Fat necrosis of the breast with report of a case in a male.

PMID- 18135657
TI  - A rare case of bone dystrophy.

PMID- 18135658
TI  - Non-specific (eosinophilic) granuloma of bone.

PMID- 18135659
TI  - A new method of venography with particular reference to its use in varicose
      veins.

PMID- 18135660
TI  - Duodenal diverticula.

PMID- 18135661
TI  - A new uretero-enterostomy.

PMID- 18135662
TI  - Sarcoma of the urachus; report of a case and brief review of the subject.

PMID- 18135663
TI  - Polythene tubing in the experimental surgery of the ureter.

PMID- 18135664
TI  - A case of compound intussusception of a mucocele of the appendix.

PMID- 18135665
TI  - Intestinal obstruction due to ascaris.

PMID- 18135666
TI  - An advanced case of mega-oesophagus due to cardiospasm.

PMID- 18135667
TI  - Secondary haemangioma of bone; report of a case.

PMID- 18135668
TI  - Endometrioma of the caecum causing mucocele of the appendix.

PMID- 18135669
TI  - Cruched chest syndrome with mediastinal emphysema the result of compressed air.

PMID- 18135670
TI  - Perinephritis and perinephric abscess; a study of 37 cases.

PMID- 18135671
TI  - Renal injuries.

PMID- 18135672
TI  - Automatic bladder irrigator.

PMID- 18135673
TI  - On special cases of post-traumatic stenosis of the urethra; medico-legal
      considerations.

PMID- 18135674
TI  - Eczema, a symptom of specific changes in rotting tissue elsewhere in the
      organism.

PMID- 18135675
TI  - Reports of the North Carolina syphilis studies; an evaluation of case-finding
      measures in the control of gonorrhea.

PMID- 18135677
TI  - A report of spinal fluid findings in patients who relapsed following penicillin
      therapy for early syphilis.

PMID- 18135676
TI  - The role of cardiolipin antigen in the serology of syphilis.

PMID- 18135678
TI  - Reproductive behavior of foxes in New York State.

PMID- 18135679
TI  - Use of the baculum in age determination of Michigan beaver.

PMID- 18135680
TI  - The clitoris bone in two pinnipeds.

PMID- 18135681
TI  - Parturition of the Nubian giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis.

PMID- 18135682
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135683
TI  - The sympathetic endformation, its synaptology, the interstitial cells, the
      periterminal network, and its bearing on the neurone theory, discussion and
      critique.

PMID- 18135684
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135685
TI  - Studies on the storage of the oestrogenprecursor in the interstitial gland of the
      ovary of rats treated with oestradiol benzoate and progesterone.

PMID- 18135686
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135687
TI  - A vital microscope.

PMID- 18135688
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135689
TI  - Report on a third fully developed kidney in a 9 month old foetus and on the
      possibilities of its origin.

PMID- 18135690
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135691
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135692
TI  - Some critical remarks on the problem of the double innervation of salivary gland
      cells.

PMID- 18135693
TI  - The morphology of Urceolaria karyolobia, sp.nov., Trichodina tegula, sp. nov.,
      and Scyphidia ubiquita, sp. nov.; three new ciliates from southern California
      limpets and turbans.

PMID- 18135694
TI  - The nature of the Golgi apparatus; parallelism between intercellular myelin
      figures and Golgi apparatus in somatic cells.

PMID- 18135695
TI  - The nature of the Golgi apparatus; identification of the Golgi apparatus with a
      complex of myelin figures.

PMID- 18135696
TI  - Correlated studies of sense organs and nerves of the lateral-line in living frog
      tadpoles; experiments on the orange granules and sense hairs of denervated and
      innervated organs.

PMID- 18135697
TI  - The weight of the pituitary gland of the male dog in relation to body weight and
      age, with a differential cell count of the anterior lobe.

PMID- 18135698
TI  - Pelomyxa carolinensis Wilson; further observations on plasmotomy.

PMID- 18135699
TI  - Abnormal growths on the head of Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 18135700
TI  - The variability of the clinical features of gastric cancer.

PMID- 18135701
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135702
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135704
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135705
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135706
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135707
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135708
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135709
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135710
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135711
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135712
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135713
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135714
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135715
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135716
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135717
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135718
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135719
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135720
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135721
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135722
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135723
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135724
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135726
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135727
TI  - Measurement of regional circulation by the local clearance of radioactive sodium.

PMID- 18135728
TI  - Arterectomy in the treatment of intractable pain following recovery from acute
      arterial occlusion.

PMID- 18135729
TI  - The relationship of atheromatosis development in the chicken to the amount of
      cholesterol added to the diet.

PMID- 18135730
TI  - The cause and effects of flow through defects of the atrial septum.

PMID- 18135731
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135732
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135733
TI  - Analysis of electrocardiograms of 93 patients with acute rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18135734
TI  - Penicillin therapy of cardiovascular syphilis.

PMID- 18135735
TI  - The precordial electrocardiogram in incomplete right bundle branch block.

PMID- 18135736
TI  - Variability of the electrocardiogram in normal young men.

PMID- 18135737
TI  - A study of the Q-T interval in rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18135738
TI  - Recovery from subacute bacterial endocarditis; report of two cases.

PMID- 18135739
TI  - Delayed death following contusion of the heart; report of a case.

PMID- 18135740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135741
TI  - Dissecting aneurysm and renal cortical necrosis associated with arachnodactyl
      (Marfan's disease).

PMID- 18135742
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135743
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135744
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135746
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135745
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135747
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135748
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135749
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135750
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135751
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135752
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135753
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135754
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135756
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135755
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135757
TI  - The digestibility of polymerized oils.

PMID- 18135758
TI  - The chemistry of the living bark of the black locust tree in relation to frost
      hardiness; seasonal variations in protein content.

PMID- 18135759
TI  - The chemistry of the living bark of the black locust tree relation to frost
      hardiness; seasonal variations in the electrophoresis patterns of the water
      soluble proteins of the bark.

PMID- 18135760
TI  - On the nature of highly purified mushroom tyrosinase preparations.

PMID- 18135761
TI  - Separation of a crystalline globulin from tomato juice and determination of its
      isoelectric point.

PMID- 18135762
TI  - The occurrence of ergosterol in Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 18135763
TI  - The influence of growth and adrenocorticotropic hormones on the fat content of
      the liver.

PMID- 18135764
TI  - The enzymatic synthesis of glucose-1,6-diphosphate.

PMID- 18135765
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of the inhibition of glucolysis by glyceraldehyde.

PMID- 18135766
TI  - The sulfur amino acid requirement of Tetrahymena geleii.

PMID- 18135767
TI  - Concentration of amino acids by the excised diaphragm suspended in artificial
      media; maintenance and inhibition of the concentrating activity.

PMID- 18135768
TI  - Concentration of amino acids by the excised diaphragm suspended in artificial
      media; inhibition of the concentration of glycine by amino acids and related
      substances.

PMID- 18135769
TI  - Substrate concentration and specificity of choline ester-splitting enzymes.

PMID- 18135770
TI  - The polysaccharide from Iles mannane.

PMID- 18135771
TI  - Esterified fatty acid levels of normal human sera.

PMID- 18135772
TI  - Factors influencing oxygen production by illuminated chloroplast fragments.

PMID- 18135773
TI  - A new fluorometric method for the determination of epinephrine.

PMID- 18135774
TI  - The production of usnic, didymic, and rhodocladonic acids by the fungal component
      of the lichen Cladonia cristatella.

PMID- 18135775
TI  - The biosynthesis of the penicillins.

PMID- 18135776
TI  - A metabolic relationship between the aromatic amino acids.

PMID- 18135777
TI  - X-ray diagnostic agents, 2-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzyl)-benzoic acid.

PMID- 18135778
TI  - A role of vitamin B12 in the normal mammal.

PMID- 18135779
TI  - The nucleic acid content of fetal rat liver.

PMID- 18135781
TI  - The aconite alkaloids; oxidation of isopyroxodelphonine,
      dihydroisopyrooxodelphonine, and their desmethylanhydro derivatives.

PMID- 18135780
TI  - Resolution of racemic phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan.

PMID- 18135782
TI  - The action of an analogue of ethanolamine (diethanolamine) on the formation of
      liver phospholipides.

PMID- 18135783
TI  - Studies on the origin of the serum proteins.

PMID- 18135784
TI  - The substrate specificity and sedimentation behavior of delta-chymotrypsin.

PMID- 18135785
TI  - Oxybiotin derivatives as biotin and oxybiotin antagonists.

PMID- 18135786
TI  - Crystalline glycerophosphate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle.

PMID- 18135787
TI  - Crystalline protein from commercial beans (Phaseolus vulgaris).

PMID- 18135788
TI  - Measurement of carbonic anhydrase activity of blood at body temperature.

PMID- 18135790
TI  - Preparation of the optically active isomers of S-benzylhomocysteine by enzymatic
      resolution.

PMID- 18135789
TI  - Comparison of response of succinic dehydrogenase and succinoxidase system to
      organic mercurial and thiol compounds.

PMID- 18135791
TI  - Further studies on the Harden-Young effect in alcoholic fermentation of yeast
      preparations.

PMID- 18135792
TI  - Glycolysis in liver homogenates.

PMID- 18135793
TI  - Diphtheria toxin; a comparison between the diphtherial succinoxidase system and
      that of beef heart muscle.

PMID- 18135794
TI  - Vitamin E potency of alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopherol esters.

PMID- 18135795
TI  - Cholesterol esterases; preparation of substrate mixture and characterization of
      the hydrolytic cholesterol and esterase of pancreatin.

PMID- 18135796
TI  - Acetylation in the diabetic rat.

PMID- 18135797
TI  - The utilization of amino acids and peptides by mutant strains of Escherichia
      coli.

PMID- 18135798
TI  - The multiple nature of the animal protein factor.

PMID- 18135799
TI  - Preparation of purified hyaluronidase from bovine testis.

PMID- 18135800
TI  - The intermediary metabolism of phenylalanine labeled with radioactive carbon.

PMID- 18135801
TI  - Carbamates in the chemotherapy of leucemia; the rate of catabolism of urethane in
      normal and neoplastic mice.

PMID- 18135802
TI  - The gasometric determination of alpha-amino acids by the peri-naphthindan-2,3,4
      trione hydrate-carbon dioxide method in pure solutions, with remarks upon its use
      in blood and urine.

PMID- 18135803
TI  - Relation of dietary folic acid and vitamin B12 to enzyme activity in the chick.

PMID- 18135804
TI  - Microbiological determination of isoleucine in proteins and foods.

PMID- 18135805
TI  - Isolation of acetyl-histamine from urine following oral administration of
      histamine.

PMID- 18135806
TI  - The rate of utilization of ammonia for protein synthesis.

PMID- 18135807
TI  - Studies on the desoxypentose nuclease of yeast and its specific cellular
      regulation.

PMID- 18135808
TI  - On the lipoprotein particles of yeast cells.

PMID- 18135809
TI  - A modified diphenylamine procedure for the determination of inulin.

PMID- 18135810
TI  - The fluorometric measurement of the nucleotides of riboflavin and their
      concentration in tissues.

PMID- 18135811
TI  - Mechanisms of cleavage of glucose-1-phosphate.

PMID- 18135812
TI  - The hexokinase of the rat erythrocyte and the influence of hormonal and other
      factors on its activity.

PMID- 18135813
TI  - The fate of utilized molecular oxygen and the source of the oxygen of respiratory
      carbon dioxide, studied with the aid of heavy oxygen.

PMID- 18135814
TI  - Biochemical properties of succinoxidase from Salmonella aertrycke.

PMID- 18135815
TI  - Purification of the hyperglycemic-glycogenolytic factor from insulin and from
      gastric mucosa.

PMID- 18135816
TI  - The utilization of some phenylpyruvic acids for growth in the rat.

PMID- 18135817
TI  - The biological formation of serine from glycine.

PMID- 18135818
TI  - Synthesis and some biological properties of 4-aminopteroylaspartic acid.

PMID- 18135819
TI  - The primary and secondary compounds of catalase and methyl or ethyl hydrogen
      peroxide; reactions in concentrated alkyl hydrogen peroxide solutions.

PMID- 18135820
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of a compound with acetylcholine-like biological activity.

PMID- 18135821
TI  - Acylation reactions mediated by purified acetylcholine esterase.

PMID- 18135822
TI  - Starches and their derivatives as adsorbents for malt alpha-amylase.

PMID- 18135823
TI  - The effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol on hexokinase and glycogenolysis.

PMID- 18135824
TI  - Molybdenum metabolism and interrelationships with copper and phosphorus.

PMID- 18135825
TI  - A spectrophotometric study of the behavior of carbohydrates in 79% sulfuric acid.

PMID- 18135827
TI  - Grief in exodontia.

PMID- 18135826
TI  - Esterase of rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

PMID- 18135828
TI  - Simplifying the problems in furnishing treatment to veterans.

PMID- 18135829
TI  - Developmental problems of the primary and early mixed dentitions.

PMID- 18135831
TI  - Current effort to control dental caries.

PMID- 18135830
TI  - Diet, nutrition and dental caries.

PMID- 18135832
TI  - Dentistry and the atomic energy program.

PMID- 18135833
TI  - The use of study casts in dental diagnosis.

PMID- 18135834
TI  - Studies in public health dentistry; testing the uniformity of dental hygienist
      examinations.

PMID- 18135835
TI  - [Critical study of various methods of radiography of the temporomandibular
      joint].

PMID- 18135836
TI  - [The infection of the peri-coronal space of impacted teeth].

PMID- 18135837
TI  - [Analgesia with nitrous oxide; aseptic root canal therapy].

PMID- 18135838
TI  - [Histochemical study of the localization of alkaline phosphatase in rat dental
      blanks].

PMID- 18135839
TI  - [Microbial antagonism: General; recent acquisitions; applications in dentistry].

PMID- 18135840
TI  - [A case of facial paresis by inclusion of lower premolar ectopia].

PMID- 18135841
TI  - [About the removal of a large cyst invading the maxillary sinus without damaging
      the sinus mucosa; plasty].

PMID- 18135842
TI  - Suboccipital dermatitis.

PMID- 18135843
TI  - Promin in the treatment of certain dermatoses.

PMID- 18135844
TI  - Circumcision and venereal disease.

PMID- 18135845
TI  - Manual epilation in treatment of tinea capitis.

PMID- 18135846
TI  - Disseminate lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 18135847
TI  - Kveim reaction in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 18135848
TI  - Studies of sweating; on the mechanism of action of local antiperspirants.

PMID- 18135849
TI  - Malignant dyskeratosis, erythroplasia of Queyrat type; report of a case.

PMID- 18135850
TI  - Use of polarized light in color photography of mucous membranes.

PMID- 18135851
TI  - Effect of diphenhydramine hydrochloride on Herxheimer reaction after use of
      penicillin.

PMID- 18135852
TI  - Squamous cell epithelioma and psoriasis.

PMID- 18135853
TI  - Juvenile xanthoma in an infant girl aged 4 months.

PMID- 18135854
TI  - Keratosis follicularis.

PMID- 18135855
TI  - Erythema annulare centrifugum.

PMID- 18135856
TI  - Generalized dermatomycosis (trichophyton purpureum) associated with
      hyperkeratosis palmaris et plantaris.

PMID- 18135858
TI  - Multiple tuberculids; lichen scrofulosorum now present.

PMID- 18135857
TI  - Tuberculosis miliaris disseminata faciei.

PMID- 18135859
TI  - Boeck's lichenoid sarcoid; iridocyclitis; ptosis.

PMID- 18135860
TI  - A case for diagnosis; dermatitis medicamentosa?

PMID- 18135861
TI  - Taboparesis (treated).

PMID- 18135862
TI  - Contact dermatitis with probable food sensitivity.

PMID- 18135863
TI  - Lymphocytoma cutis.

PMID- 18135864
TI  - Hydroa puerorum? urticaria pigmentosa.

PMID- 18135865
TI  - Leiomyoma cutis (zosteriform).

PMID- 18135866
TI  - Tuberculous? infection of the buttocks and perianal region.

PMID- 18135868
TI  - Acne necrotica miliaris.

PMID- 18135867
TI  - A case for diagnosis; Barraquer-Ferre lipodystrophy?

PMID- 18135869
TI  - A case for diagnosis; erythroplasia?

PMID- 18135870
TI  - Fibrous changes in the dermis, with special reference to senile elastosis.

PMID- 18135871
TI  - Liver function in Darier's disease and pityriasis rubra pilaris.

PMID- 18135872
TI  - Mepacrine drug eruption affecting a tooth.

PMID- 18135873
TI  - Contact allergic dermatitis due to the procaine fraction of procaine penicillin.

PMID- 18135874
TI  - Topical chlorophyll therapy in the dermatoses.

PMID- 18135875
TI  - Evaluation of topical dichloroxy quinaldine as a therapeutic agent in
      dermatology.

PMID- 18135876
TI  - Histopathology of experimental eczema, allergic contact-type eczematous
      dermatitis, in man; a study by the technics of silver impregnations of Rio
      Hortega with special reference to the early microscopic lesions.

PMID- 18135877
TI  - The routine cultural identification of Microsporum ringworm of the scalp.

PMID- 18135878
TI  - Diatrin hydrochloride; clinical and toxicologic studies of a new antihistaminic
      agent.

PMID- 18135879
TI  - Studies of the acute and chronic toxicity of undecylenic acid.

PMID- 18135880
TI  - Therapeutic assays; aurol-sulfide (Hille).

PMID- 18135881
TI  - Trends in gastroenterology.

PMID- 18135882
TI  - Response of serum amylase and lipase to pancreatic stimulation as a test of
      pancreatic function; the mecholyl-secretin and the morphine-secretin tests.

PMID- 18135883
TI  - External pancreatic secretion as measured by the secretin test in patients with
      idiopathic steatorrhoea.

PMID- 18135884
TI  - The concurrence of migraine and peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18135885
TI  - The management of massive esophageal hemorrhage with tamponade and thrombin.

PMID- 18135886
TI  - The diagnosis of carcinoma of the esophagus; the method of biopsy with the
      retrograde curette.

PMID- 18135887
TI  - Mesenteric lyphadenitis; a clinical and experimental study.

PMID- 18135888
TI  - Benign ulcer of the greater curvature of the stomach; report of a histologically
      proven case.

PMID- 18135889
TI  - Leukoplakia-keratosis of the esophageal stricture.

PMID- 18135890
TI  - A brachial fistual of the pyriform sinus; report of a case.

PMID- 18135891
TI  - Histological effects of growth-regulating substances on sunflower tissue of crown
      gall origin grown in vitro.

PMID- 18135892
TI  - B-vitamin changes during growth of cucurbit and tomato fruits.

PMID- 18135893
TI  - Isolation and production of polymyxin.

PMID- 18135894
TI  - Effect of various factors on the production of polymyxin.

PMID- 18135895
TI  - Antibiotics derived from bacillus polymyxa.

PMID- 18135896
TI  - Comparative biological studies of polymyxin A and polymyxin D.

PMID- 18135897
TI  - Chemical studies on polymyxin; comparison with aerosporin.

PMID- 18135898
TI  - Chemical evidence for the multiplicity of the antibiotics produced by Bacillus
      polymyxa.

PMID- 18135899
TI  - The chemistry of polymyxin A.

PMID- 18135900
TI  - Pharmacology of polymyxin.

PMID- 18135901
TI  - In vitro studies of polymyxin.

PMID- 18135902
TI  - Polymyxin; assay procedures.

PMID- 18135903
TI  - A simple method for the assay of polymyxin in blood and urine.

PMID- 18135904
TI  - The clinical use of polymyxin.

PMID- 18135906
TI  - The bearing of recent research on rice milling.

PMID- 18135905
TI  - Remarks on clinical results with polymyxin A and B.

PMID- 18135907
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135908
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135909
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135910
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135911
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135912
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135913
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135914
TI  - Chemotherapy of tuberculosis.

PMID- 18135915
TI  - An apparatus for the coronary perfusion of the mammalian heart.

PMID- 18135916
TI  - Relative effects of carbon dioxide, temperature and light intensity upon
      photosynthesis.

PMID- 18135917
TI  - Colorimetric detection and estimation of thorium.

PMID- 18135918
TI  - Tick-borne relapsing fever in Kashmir.

PMID- 18135919
TI  - A new method for the estimation of vitamin-C.

PMID- 18135920
TI  - Structure and function of bursa copulatrix and the associated organs in Bruchidae
      (=Lariidae) [Coleoptera-Phytophaga] and their taxonomic significance.

PMID- 18135921
TI  - On spawning conditions and larvicidal propensities of Carassius auratus.

PMID- 18135922
TI  - Nitrogen metabolism in plants.

PMID- 18135923
TI  - The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine.

PMID- 18135924
TI  - Flight at supersonic speeds.

PMID- 18135925
TI  - High-polymer molecules in solution.

PMID- 18135926
TI  - Biosynthesis of asymmetric citric acid; a substantiation of the Ogston concept.

PMID- 18135927
TI  - Synthesis of pyrazine cyclic hydroxamic acids related to aspergillic acid.

PMID- 18135928
TI  - Quantitative paper chromatography.

PMID- 18135929
TI  - Denaturation in regenerated protein fibres.

PMID- 18135930
TI  - Senescence and rejuvenation in Lemna minor.

PMID- 18135931
TI  - Perirectal abscess producing symptoms of generalized peritonitis.

PMID- 18135932
TI  - Splenic-vein thrombosis following transthoracic gastrectomy and incidental
      splenectomy.

PMID- 18135933
TI  - Response to intravenous typhoid vaccine in intractable status asthmaticus.

PMID- 18135934
TI  - Pleural complications of staphylococcus pneumonia.

PMID- 18135935
TI  - Nonspecific reactions in serologic tests for syphilis; relationship of vaccinia.

PMID- 18135936
TI  - Pulmonary Bacillus pyocyaneus infection in an adult with recovery.

PMID- 18135937
TI  - Growth-cycle of influenza virus.

PMID- 18135938
TI  - Neutron diffraction by crystals.

PMID- 18135939
TI  - Diabetogenic action of pure anterior pituitary growth hormone.

PMID- 18135940
TI  - Vitamin A and carotene.

PMID- 18135941
TI  - Suspensions and sedimentation.

PMID- 18135942
TI  - Modified ionization chamber for study of angular distribution of ionizing
      particles.

PMID- 18135943
TI  - A simple reflecting microscope.

PMID- 18135944
TI  - Product of interaction between influenza virus enzyme and ovomucin.

PMID- 18135945
TI  - Action of suramin and antrycide on enzymes.

PMID- 18135946
TI  - Nutrition of a strain of brewer's yeast requiring p-aminobenzoic acid.

PMID- 18135947
TI  - Carbon dioxide narcosis.

PMID- 18135948
TI  - Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride as a reagent for the histological demonstration of
      subcutaneous fat.

PMID- 18135949
TI  - Evolutionary changes in the sex chromosomes of Coleoptera.

PMID- 18135950
TI  - An inert gas compound.

PMID- 18135951
TI  - Bromination of delta1 olefins with N-bromosuccinimide.

PMID- 18135952
TI  - The uncertainty principle.

PMID- 18135953
TI  - Encephalitis.

PMID- 18135954
TI  - Infant speech.

PMID- 18135955
TI  - Dietary fat and calcium wastage in old age.

PMID- 18135956
TI  - Changes in the endocrine glands in the fowl with age.

PMID- 18135957
TI  - Effect of oral administration of vitamin A on plasma levels of vitamin A and
      carotene in aged males.

PMID- 18135958
TI  - The correlation between thyroid function and the incidence of arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 18135959
TI  - Animism and related tendencies in senescence.

PMID- 18135960
TI  - Recoverable or temporary mental disturbances in the elderly.

PMID- 18135961
TI  - The traditional Chinese attitude towards old age.

PMID- 18135962
TI  - Spinal anesthesia in vaginal delivery.

PMID- 18135963
TI  - Rheumatic heart disease in pregnancy; a critique of the rules in management.

PMID- 18135964
TI  - A non-technical discussion of the Rh factor as understood and employed at the
      Margaret Hague Maternity Hospital.

PMID- 18135965
TI  - Malignant nephrosclerosis in pregnancy.

PMID- 18135966
TI  - Vaginal delivery following cesarean section.

PMID- 18135967
TI  - Maternal deaths.

PMID- 18135969
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135970
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135968
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135971
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135972
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135973
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135974
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135975
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135976
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135977
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135978
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135979
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135980
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135981
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135983
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135982
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135984
TI  - The activity of the embryonic human heart and its significance of the
      understanding of the heart movement in the adult.

PMID- 18135985
TI  - History of pharmacy in Holland.

PMID- 18135986
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135987
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135988
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135989
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135990
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135992
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135991
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135993
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135994
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135995
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135996
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18135997
TI  - The absorption of gold from pellets of gold salts (aurothioglycolanilide)
      implanted subcutaneously and intramuscularly; its application in the treatment of
      six cases of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18135998
TI  - The treatment of pneumonia and other infections with a soluble sulfonamide,
      gantrosan (NU-445; 3,4-dimethyl-5-sulfanilamido-isoxazole).

PMID- 18135999
TI  - The treatment of gonorrheal arthritis with penicillin.

PMID- 18136000
TI  - Inefficacy of prophylactic streptomycin in an outbreak of salmonella gastro
      enteritis.

PMID- 18136001
TI  - Multiple myeloma associated with polycythemia; report of four cases.

PMID- 18136002
TI  - Venous thromboembolic phenomena; their absence in paraplegic and tetraplegic
      patients.

PMID- 18136003
TI  - Insulin fat atrophy.

PMID- 18136004
TI  - Pernicious anemia complicated by syphilis; report of three cases.

PMID- 18136005
TI  - Premature calcification of the costal cartilages; its frequent association with
      symptoms of non-organic origin.

PMID- 18136006
TI  - The value of liver function tests in general hospital practice.

PMID- 18136007
TI  - The pain reaction threshold in the menopausal syndrome.

PMID- 18136008
TI  - Pain reaction thresholds in patients with peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18136009
TI  - Recurrent migrainoid headaches associated with spontaneous hypoglycemia.

PMID- 18136010
TI  - Pericardial and cardiac surgery.

PMID- 18136011
TI  - Vagotomy for peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18136012
TI  - Intubation studies in intestinal allergy.

PMID- 18136013
TI  - Cardiospasm, a generalized disorder of esophageal motility.

PMID- 18136014
TI  - Treatment of chronic non-specific ulcerative colitis with aureomycin; a
      preliminary report.

PMID- 18136015
TI  - Significance of hyperalimentation in treatment of chronic idiopathic ulcerative
      colitis.

PMID- 18136016
TI  - Chronic gastritis; a study of symptoms and gastric secretion.

PMID- 18136017
TI  - A unified concept of cardiac failure.

PMID- 18136018
TI  - Psychogenic deafness in a disturbed boy.

PMID- 18136019
TI  - Cardiac failure, elevated basal metabolic rate and psychosis.

PMID- 18136020
TI  - Observations on two newer hemopoietic vitamins, vitamin B12 and animal protein
      factor.

PMID- 18136021
TI  - Influenzal meningitis in adults; report of a case complicating the nephrotic
      syndrome.

PMID- 18136022
TI  - Endocarditis due to Hemophilus influenzae.

PMID- 18136023
TI  - Multiple pulmonary artery aneurysms: endarteritis of ductus arteriosus and
      congenital pulmonary cysts.

PMID- 18136024
TI  - Relapsing febrile non-suppurative panniculitis; Weber-Christian disease.

PMID- 18136025
TI  - Salicylate intoxication in children; report of three cases.

PMID- 18136026
TI  - The rheumatic state with case report.

PMID- 18136027
TI  - The diagnosis of syphilis confused by penicillin therapy of other diseases.

PMID- 18136028
TI  - Some simple diagnostic measures in neuromuscular and articular pain, with special
      reference to differential palpation.

PMID- 18136029
TI  - The scalenus anticus syndrome.

PMID- 18136030
TI  - The use of vasodilators and vasoconstrictors in asthma.

PMID- 18136031
TI  - A study of superficial punctate keratitis with an allergic etiology; a report of
      19 patients.

PMID- 18136032
TI  - Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis in infants with acute pulmonary infections.

PMID- 18136033
TI  - Blood volume studies in postoperative liver death.

PMID- 18136034
TI  - Osteomalacia.

PMID- 18136036
TI  - Emotional factors in organic disease.

PMID- 18136035
TI  - Thrombosis of the superior vena cava.

PMID- 18136037
TI  - Pulmonary disease manifestations of ankylosing spondylarthritis.

PMID- 18136038
TI  - Xiphosternal crunch; an analysis of 106 cases among 3,224 Army separatees.

PMID- 18136039
TI  - Prolapsed gastric mucosa; a possible cause of gastric symptoms in right heart
      failure.

PMID- 18136040
TI  - Aerosol penicillin in allergic patients with respiratory infections.

PMID- 18136041
TI  - Nitrogen balance studies in chronic peptic ulcer disease.

PMID- 18136042
TI  - Nitrogen metabolism in chronic idiopathic ulcerative colitis and its therapeutic
      significance.

PMID- 18136043
TI  - The shoulder-hand syndrome; a complication of coronary artery disease.

PMID- 18136044
TI  - Recent advances in the pathogenesis and treatment of essential hypertension.

PMID- 18136045
TI  - Polycystic disease of the liver; report of two cases diagnosed by peritoneoscopy.

PMID- 18136046
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma with secondary involvement of the jejunum, perforation and
      peritonitis.

PMID- 18136047
TI  - Endocarditis caused by organism morphologically and culturally identified as C.
      diphtheria.

PMID- 18136049
TI  - S., M.S. Immunologic studies in rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18136048
TI  - Fatal mercurialism due to prolonged intravenous administration of a mercurial
      diuretic.

PMID- 18136050
TI  - The treatment of sinusitis.

PMID- 18136051
TI  - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and rutin.

PMID- 18136052
TI  - Cavernous hemangioma of right middle lobe of lung.

PMID- 18136053
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136054
TI  - Nieuwere Ocytocica.

PMID- 18136055
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136056
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136057
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136058
TI  - Problems of ageing and chronic sickness.

PMID- 18136059
TI  - Effect of low temperatures on the Bittner virus of mouse carcinoma.

PMID- 18136060
TI  - Propagation of mouse carcinoma by dried tumour tissue.

PMID- 18136061
TI  - Neurological complications of mumps.

PMID- 18136062
TI  - Leucocyte counts in the prevention of drug agranulocytosis.

PMID- 18136063
TI  - Torsion of normal fallopian tube.

PMID- 18136064
TI  - A case of undulant fever treated by chloramphenicol.

PMID- 18136065
TI  - Sensitivity to codeine.

PMID- 18136066
TI  - Tuberculosis; certain unexplained mortality figures.

PMID- 18136067
TI  - Problems of ageing and chronic sickness.

PMID- 18136068
TI  - Broncho-pulmonary segments of the lung and their terminology.

PMID- 18136069
TI  - Tridione in the treatment of epilepsy.

PMID- 18136070
TI  - Case of Salmonella enteritidis septicaemia with lung abscess.

PMID- 18136071
TI  - Artificial pneumoperitoneum associated with strangulated hernia and scrotal
      pneumocele.

PMID- 18136072
TI  - Haematemesis following intra-duodenal rupture of aneurysm.

PMID- 18136074
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136073
TI  - Health regulations for air travel.

PMID- 18136075
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136077
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136076
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136078
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136079
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136081
TI  - Necrotizing renal papillitis.

PMID- 18136080
TI  - Progressive malnutrition with reversal of peristalsis following total gastrectomy
      and esophagojejunostomy utilizing the Rienhoff modification of the Roux-Y.

PMID- 18136082
TI  - Congenital solitary kidney with calculi.

PMID- 18136083
TI  - The effect of sodium withdrawal upon the body weight of normal young men.

PMID- 18136084
TI  - Bronchography in the severely discharging lung.

PMID- 18136085
TI  - Pyridine liver and kidney injury in rats; the influence of diet, with particular
      attention to methionine, cystine, and choline.

PMID- 18136086
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136088
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136087
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136089
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136090
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136091
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136092
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136093
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136094
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136095
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136096
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136097
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136098
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136099
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136100
TI  - Let us be practical about the psychoneuroses.

PMID- 18136101
TI  - Early and accurate diagnosis in jaundice.

PMID- 18136102
TI  - Carotid sinus and coronary circulation.

PMID- 18136103
TI  - Cerebral changes related to anoxia, with report of a case.

PMID- 18136104
TI  - A comparison of intramuscular and oral penicillin in penumococcic pneumonia.

PMID- 18136105
TI  - The role of the retropubic operation in selective prostatic surgery.

PMID- 18136106
TI  - Oesophageal varices.

PMID- 18136107
TI  - A clinical evaluation of hydryllin and trimeton in allergic manifestations.

PMID- 18136108
TI  - Thrombotic occlusion of the abdominal aorta.

PMID- 18136109
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the jejunum.

PMID- 18136110
TI  - Multiple carcinoma of the colon.

PMID- 18136111
TI  - A multi-holed ureteral catheter.

PMID- 18136112
TI  - Aureomycin film in topical treatment of cutaneous virus eruptions.

PMID- 18136113
TI  - Food and medicinal plants used by the Indians of British Columbia.

PMID- 18136114
TI  - Sexual sterilization without permission.

PMID- 18136115
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136116
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136117
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136118
TI  - [Diagnostics and therapy in heterochylia and achylia].

PMID- 18136119
TI  - [Acrodynia treated with bellergal].

PMID- 18136120
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136121
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136122
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136123
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136124
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136125
TI  - Dementia praecox as described by Kraepelin.

PMID- 18136126
TI  - Jung's views on dementia praecox.

PMID- 18136128
TI  - The contributions of Harry Stack Sullivan to the understanding of schizophrenic
      patients.

PMID- 18136127
TI  - Freud's contributions to schizophrenia and paranoia.

PMID- 18136129
TI  - Language and thought in schizophrenia.

PMID- 18136130
TI  - The nature of the schizophrenias suggested by modern psychotherapists.

PMID- 18136131
TI  - The cerebrospinal fluid; normal and abnormal spinal fluids.

PMID- 18136132
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136134
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136133
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136135
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136136
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136137
TI  - Problems encountered during anesthetic procedures for children.

PMID- 18136138
TI  - Hemophilus influenzae infections in children.

PMID- 18136139
TI  - Histologically benign hemangioma with tumor of the heart.

PMID- 18136140
TI  - Aconite intoxication and myocardial infarction.

PMID- 18136141
TI  - Hyperinsulinism.

PMID- 18136142
TI  - Psychiatry and general medicine.

PMID- 18136143
TI  - Anxiety in psychosis and neurosis.

PMID- 18136144
TI  - The character defect of dyskinetic children; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18136146
TI  - Hyperostosis frontalis interna syndrome; a psychiatric evaluation.

PMID- 18136145
TI  - Craving for benzedrine.

PMID- 18136147
TI  - Psychometric personality traits.

PMID- 18136148
TI  - The application of cluster analysis to the Wechsler-Bellevue scale.

PMID- 18136149
TI  - The psychiatric social worker in the Delaware Mental Hygiene Clinic.

PMID- 18136150
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136151
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136152
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136154
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136153
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136155
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136156
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136157
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136158
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136159
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136160
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136161
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136162
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136164
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136163
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136165
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136166
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136167
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136168
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136169
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136170
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136171
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136172
TI  - The pathogenesis of epituberculosis in children with a note on obstructive
      emphysema.

PMID- 18136173
TI  - Meningococcaemia and the purpura of Martin de Gimard; report of a case.

PMID- 18136174
TI  - Congestive heart failure; adaptation of the body to inadequate cardiac output.

PMID- 18136175
TI  - Rate of blood flow through standard gage needles under pressure.

PMID- 18136176
TI  - Clonorchiasis in the United States; report of four cases.

PMID- 18136177
TI  - Septicemia due to bacteroides; aureomycin hydrochloride therapy in two cases due
      to Bacteroides funduliformis.

PMID- 18136178
TI  - Maternal deaths from coccidioidomycosis.

PMID- 18136179
TI  - Radioactive iodine (I131) in the diagnosis of lingual thyroid.

PMID- 18136180
TI  - Toxic effects of percutaneously absorbed estrogens.

PMID- 18136181
TI  - The use of estrogens and androgens in advanced mammary cancer; clinical and
      laboratory study of 105 female patients.

PMID- 18136182
TI  - Postabortal oliguria.

PMID- 18136183
TI  - Black hairy tongue associated with penicillin therapy.

PMID- 18136184
TI  - The cold permanent hair-waving process: a dermatologic and clinical study.

PMID- 18136185
TI  - Congenital defects following maternal rubella.

PMID- 18136186
TI  - Recovery following an overdose of pyrithyldione.

PMID- 18136187
TI  - Misuse of American Medica. Association data.

PMID- 18136189
TI  - Pioneering in cerebral palsy.

PMID- 18136188
TI  - The infant with a neuromuscular handicap due to cerebral palsy.

PMID- 18136190
TI  - Status of medical women in Sweden.

PMID- 18136191
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of the cardiac arrhythmias.

PMID- 18136192
TI  - Canine hemophilia; observations on the course, the clotting anomaly, and the
      effect of blood transfusions.
AB  - A study was made of the clotting defect and the course of the malady in a group
      of male dogs with an inherited, sex-linked bleeding disease. The clotting defect
      is characterized by a prolonged clotting time and a delayed prothrombin
      utilization, and is corrected by the addition either of thromboplastin or of
      normal plasma. A plasma protein fraction, fraction I, also corrects the defect.
      The defect appears to be due to a deficiency of a plasma factor, which normally,
      in the presence of platelets, makes thromboplastin available in shed blood. The
      clotting anomaly appears to be identical with that found in human hemophilia. The
      hemostatic defect is characterized by repeated hemorrhages, usually without
      obvious relationship to trauma. Hemarthroses occur frequently and may result in
      permanent joint deformity. The animals usually die early in life from massive
      hemorrhage. Transfusions with normal blood or plasma correct the clotting defect
      and readily control the hemorrhagic phenomena. By the use of transfusions, these
      dogs have been reared to maturity.

PMID- 18136193
TI  - Isolation from cases of infantile diarrhea of a filtrable agent causing diarrhea
      in calves.
AB  - From instances of diarrhea of the newborn in four separate hospital outbreaks a
      filtrable agent was isolated which regularly produced diarrhea in calves. This
      agent appeared to have the characteristics of a filtrable virus. The four strains
      of virus isolated in the outbreaks studied appeared to be identical or very
      closely related. The virus was not found present in the stools of any of eight
      normal newborn infants or five normal calves. Evidence is presented that the
      virus may be one of the causes of epidemic diarrhea of the newborn.

PMID- 18136194
TI  - The influence of diet on iron absorption; the interrelation of iron and
      phosphorus.
AB  - Rats fed a corn grit diet containing large amounts of ferric citrate absorb and
      deposit excessive amounts of iron in their livers. Undoubtedly various factors
      are involved in iron absorption, but these studies indicate that the low level of
      dietary phosphate was primarily responsible. The addition of phosphate salts to
      this diet has shown that the amount of iron deposited in the liver was inversely
      related to the phosphorus content of the diet. It is possible to obtain excessive
      iron deposits in the livers of animals receiving a normal diet, by adding large
      amounts of iron salts to the diet. This is not associated with losses of body
      weight in these animals. It is concluded that the absolute amount of iron and/or
      phosphorus in the diet as well as the iron-phosphorus ratio influences the amount
      of iron absorbed.

PMID- 18136195
TI  - Nucleic acids and the production of antibody by plasma cells.
AB  - A study has been made of the relationship of antibody formation and the changes
      in amount of the nucleic acids in rabbit lymph nodes draining areas injected with
      typhoid vaccine. The increase in DNA was found to parallel the increase in weight
      of the nodes, as might be expected from the active multiplication of cells. The
      peak of PNA increase occurred between the 4th and 6th days after vaccine
      injection when antibody formation was at its maximum. A histologic study of
      methyl green- and pyronine-stained sections of the nodes revealed that during the
      first 6 days of the experiment the cellular reaction was chiefly one of plasma
      cells. During the first 3 days plasmoblasts predominated; on the 5th and 6th days
      mature plasma cells were the prevailing cells. Most of the PNA was contained in
      the plasma cells. The lymphocytes began to proliferate in significant numbers on
      the 3rd and 4th days, and germinal centers began to appear on the 4th and 5th
      days. They showed their greatest activity only on the 9th day when PNA and
      antibody formation had passed their peaks. These results are interpreted as
      indicating that the plasma cell and not the lymphocyte is responsible for
      antibody formation.

PMID- 18136197
TI  - Heart disease; a clinical evaluation.

PMID- 18136196
TI  - Histochemical changes in lymphocytes during the production of antibodies in lymph
      nodes of rabbits.
AB  - Following the injection of various antigenic and non-antigenic materials into the
      foot-pads of rabbits, the draining (popliteal) lymph nodes were removed on
      successive days and studied histologically, chemically, and serologically. On the
      2nd day after injection of antigen, nucleoli and cytoplasmic granules and
      crescents stained with pyronine began to appear. They were found first in
      somewhat altered reticulum cells, later in transitional forms, then in young
      lymphocytes, and finally in more mature lymphocytes. The identity of this
      pyronine-stained material as ribonucleic acid was demonstrated by specific
      digestion with protease-free ribonuclease. The concentration of ribonucleic acid
      was determined in aqueous extracts of the lymph nodes. It was observed that the
      concentration had risen to more than twice its normal value by the 2nd to 5th day
      following the injection of antigens into the foot, and then it declined. The peak
      of this change occurred at or slightly before the appearance of the maximal
      concentration of antibodies in the same node. Non-antigenic materials, when
      injected into the foot, did not give rise to an increase in the ribonucleic acid
      content of the lymph node. The concentration of desoxyribonucleic acid was
      constant in all lymph nodes, within the limits of experimental variation.

PMID- 18136198
TI  - Remarks on surgery of the sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 18136199
TI  - The general practitioner today.

PMID- 18136200
TI  - Office gynecology.

PMID- 18136202
TI  - Tularemia; report of a case of primary tularemic tonsillitis in which Bacterium
      tularense was isolated from the sputum.

PMID- 18136201
TI  - Strictures of the bile ducts.

PMID- 18136203
TI  - ATELECTASIS of the newborn; a symptom of underlying pathology.

PMID- 18136204
TI  - Case reports from the University of Kansas Medical Center; tumor conference.

PMID- 18136205
TI  - The effect of rigid sodium restriction in patients with cirrhosis of the liver
      and ascites.

PMID- 18136206
TI  - The hyperbilirubinemic effect of sodium nicotinate.

PMID- 18136207
TI  - Cholesterol-desoxycholic acid; a stable antigen for use in a flocculation test
      for liver dysfunction; comparison with the Hanger cephalin-cholesterol test.

PMID- 18136208
TI  - A cryoglobulin present in high concentration in the plasma of a case of multiple
      myeloma.

PMID- 18136209
TI  - Immunochemical estimation of the rate of disappearance of transfused gamma
      globulin from the blood in two cases of hypoproteinemia.

PMID- 18136210
TI  - Sensitizations to the factor Rh in Negroes.

PMID- 18136211
TI  - Nebulized pyribenzamine in nasal and bronchial allergy.

PMID- 18136212
TI  - The adaptability of mice to the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis.

PMID- 18136213
TI  - The serologic relationship of fungus antigens.

PMID- 18136214
TI  - Lethal effects and electrocardiographic changes produced by quinine
      dihydrochloride in malaria-infected monkeys.

PMID- 18136215
TI  - A new intramuscular preparation of quinidine (quinidine gluconate).

PMID- 18136216
TI  - Study of complete parenteral alimentation on dogs.

PMID- 18136217
TI  - Absorption of unemulsified and emulsified vitamin A in sprue.

PMID- 18136218
TI  - A new tablet test for urinary bilirubin.

PMID- 18136219
TI  - A galvanotactic procedure for the concentration of Balantidium coli in feces.

PMID- 18136220
TI  - The cadmium reaction; a practical test for the evaluation of serum liability;
      comparison with the cephalin-cholesterol flocculation and thymol turbidity test.

PMID- 18136221
TI  - An improved device for obtaining plasma anaerobically.

PMID- 18136222
TI  - On the determination of protein in serum and in fractions obtained from serum
      with a biuret reagent prepared with sodium hydroxide.

PMID- 18136223
TI  - The early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and the importance of aftercare.

PMID- 18136224
TI  - The sanatorium regime.

PMID- 18136225
TI  - Pneumococcal peritonitis.

PMID- 18136226
TI  - Psychiatry and religion.

PMID- 18136227
TI  - What the medical profession is doing for your eyes.

PMID- 18136228
TI  - Myxedema incorrectly diagnosed as nutritional anemia.

PMID- 18136230
TI  - The chemotherapy of leukemia.

PMID- 18136229
TI  - The clinical manifestations of infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 18136231
TI  - The New Jersey study of child health services.

PMID- 18136232
TI  - Pheochromocytoma; a cause of post-partum convulsions.

PMID- 18136233
TI  - Aortic thrombosis; a case report.

PMID- 18136234
TI  - Verrucae plantaris; a resume.

PMID- 18136235
TI  - Emotional precipitants of death.

PMID- 18136236
TI  - [Fight antituberculosis].

PMID- 18136237
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136238
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136240
TI  - Evaluation of the cardiac patient as a surgical or obstetrical risk.

PMID- 18136239
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136241
TI  - Rhinoplasty and nasal respiration.

PMID- 18136242
TI  - Venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism; prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 18136243
TI  - Arteriovenous shunts for revascularization of ischemic limbs.

PMID- 18136244
TI  - Office treatment of lesions of the cervix.

PMID- 18136245
TI  - Good psychiatry is good medicine.

PMID- 18136246
TI  - Rationale therapy of allergic disease.

PMID- 18136247
TI  - Responsibility of the physician in the management of premature labor and the
      early neonatal care of the infant; an analysis of 300 consecutive premature
      labors.

PMID- 18136248
TI  - The use of anticoagulants in the treatment of diseases of the heart and blood
      vessels with special reference to long term anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 18136249
TI  - Electrocardiographic changes in coronary artery disease.

PMID- 18136250
TI  - Newer concepts of the digitalis preparations.

PMID- 18136251
TI  - Treatment of syphilis by oral use of aureomycin.

PMID- 18136252
TI  - Psychiatry and medicine; one road ahead.

PMID- 18136253
TI  - The retropubic approach to prostatectomy.

PMID- 18136254
TI  - Antibiotics.

PMID- 18136255
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136256
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136257
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136258
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136259
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136260
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136261
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136262
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136263
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136264
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136265
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136266
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136267
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136268
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136269
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136270
TI  - The prevention of burns and scalds; review of 1000 cases.

PMID- 18136271
TI  - Excision-suture technique in infections of the hand.

PMID- 18136272
TI  - Some recent applications of nisin.

PMID- 18136273
TI  - Intramedullary abscess of the spinal cord.

PMID- 18136274
TI  - Ankylosing spondylitis in all three children of one family.

PMID- 18136276
TI  - Inheritance of nodular goitre; report of a family.

PMID- 18136275
TI  - Mercaptan in the breath of patients with severe liver disease.

PMID- 18136277
TI  - Non-medical care of chronically ill children in hospital.

PMID- 18136278
TI  - Chronic and unexplained oedema.

PMID- 18136279
TI  - Conservative treatment of anuric uraemia.

PMID- 18136280
TI  - Removal of simple univesicular pulmonary hydatid cyst.

PMID- 18136281
TI  - Diurnal variation in the fat content of breast-milk.

PMID- 18136282
TI  - Megaloblastic anaemia in coeliac disease treated with folic acid.

PMID- 18136283
TI  - Volvulus of the caecum presenting as a strangulated inguinal hernia.

PMID- 18136284
TI  - DOCTOR'S profession; the doctor as technician.

PMID- 18136285
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136286
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136287
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136288
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136289
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136290
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136291
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136292
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136293
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136294
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136296
TI  - Buttock-rotation flap for pilonidal disease.

PMID- 18136295
TI  - Carcinoma of the colon.

PMID- 18136297
TI  - A case of osteogenesis imperfecta.

PMID- 18136298
TI  - Breast care in pregnancy.

PMID- 18136299
TI  - Coexistence of diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18136300
TI  - Giant-cell tumor of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 18136301
TI  - Report from Britain; the people view the National Health Service.

PMID- 18136302
TI  - PEDIATRICS as a specialty.

PMID- 18136303
TI  - Growth and pathological processes.

PMID- 18136304
TI  - Some observations on the secretion of the stomach with special reference to
      mucus.

PMID- 18136305
TI  - The doctor's role in industry.

PMID- 18136306
TI  - Paraplegies can walk.

PMID- 18136307
TI  - A case of refractory macrocytic anaemia responding to intravenous iron therapy.

PMID- 18136308
TI  - Acute carbon bisulphide poisoning; report of three cases, one fatal.

PMID- 18136309
TI  - Hemiaplasia of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 18136310
TI  - Control of hyperthyreoidism by propylthiouracil; a clinical inquiry.

PMID- 18136311
TI  - Post-graduate training in psychiatry.

PMID- 18136312
TI  - Observations upon group therapy.

PMID- 18136313
TI  - The insulin treatment of schizophrenia; a 10 year follow-up.

PMID- 18136314
TI  - Cushing's syndrome due to carcinoma of the adrenal cortex.

PMID- 18136315
TI  - [Fractures of the humerus; treatment with the hanging cast].

PMID- 18136316
TI  - Hypoplastic anemia in a patient treated unfavorably with tridione; a case report.

PMID- 18136317
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136318
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136319
TI  - Discussion of food poisoning.

PMID- 18136320
TI  - A severe case of nutritional anaemia in infancy.

PMID- 18136321
TI  - The modern trend of treatment for deafness.

PMID- 18136322
TI  - Peptic ulcer of the lower end of a congenital short oesophagus, associated with
      diaphragmatic hernia; report of a case.

PMID- 18136323
TI  - The modern treatment of acute dermatitis.

PMID- 18136324
TI  - Precise examination of the voluntary motility of the tongue and of the lips.

PMID- 18136325
TI  - The value of ascorbic acid and its complexes.

PMID- 18136326
TI  - The clinical significance of a high right diaphragm in the diagnosis of amebiasis
      and amebic hepatitis.

PMID- 18136327
TI  - VARICOSE veins.

PMID- 18136328
TI  - The medical aspect and new treatment of Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 18136329
TI  - Instrumental aids in general practice; the electrocardiogram.

PMID- 18136330
TI  - Original sin of the neurotic cell.

PMID- 18136331
TI  - The use and abuse of sedatives.

PMID- 18136332
TI  - The relief of the pain of childbirth.

PMID- 18136333
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136335
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136334
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136336
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136337
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136338
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136339
TI  - Malignancies of the small intestine.

PMID- 18136340
TI  - What in psychiatric treatment today?

PMID- 18136341
TI  - Electroencephalography.

PMID- 18136342
TI  - Reflex dystrophy in the extremities.

PMID- 18136343
TI  - Anorectogenital lymphogranuloma venereum and granuloma inguinale treated with
      aureomycin.

PMID- 18136345
TI  - Rehabilitation of the arm amputee.

PMID- 18136344
TI  - Gastroenteritis in man due to a filtrable agent.

PMID- 18136346
TI  - Old age.

PMID- 18136347
TI  - Fungous infections of the skin and scalp; a new approach to their treatment.

PMID- 18136348
TI  - A discussion of cancer prevention and detection centers.

PMID- 18136349
TI  - Complete versus supravaginal hysterectomy.

PMID- 18136350
TI  - The hematologic disorders.

PMID- 18136351
TI  - A method of fixation for ununited femoral neck fracture.

PMID- 18136352
TI  - A case of acute BAL toxicity during treatment of gold glossitis.

PMID- 18136353
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136354
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136355
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136356
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136357
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136358
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136359
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136360
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136361
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136362
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136363
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136364
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136365
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136366
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136367
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136368
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136369
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136370
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136371
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136372
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136373
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136374
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136375
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136376
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136377
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136379
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136378
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136380
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136381
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136382
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136383
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136384
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136385
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136386
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136387
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136388
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136389
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136390
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136391
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136392
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136393
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136394
TI  - A century and a half of medicine in North Carolina.

PMID- 18136395
TI  - Osler's ethical standards.

PMID- 18136396
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in management of the acute abdomen.

PMID- 18136397
TI  - Treatment of cerebral palsy; clinical study in use of d-tubocurarine in peanut
      oil and myricin.

PMID- 18136398
TI  - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia on the right side.

PMID- 18136399
TI  - Anatomy of hand in relation to tendon repairs.

PMID- 18136400
TI  - Blood phenol levels in uremia.

PMID- 18136401
TI  - Hemorrhage from angioma complicating pregnancy.

PMID- 18136402
TI  - The management of functional derangements of the gastro-intestinal tract.

PMID- 18136403
TI  - Sweets and tooth decay.

PMID- 18136404
TI  - Porphyria.

PMID- 18136406
TI  - A popular conception of asthma in 1838.

PMID- 18136405
TI  - Total colectomy with preservation of the anal sphincter.

PMID- 18136407
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136409
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136408
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136410
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136411
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136412
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136413
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136414
TI  - The present status of cancer therapy.

PMID- 18136415
TI  - Prophylaxis and treatment of eclampsia.

PMID- 18136416
TI  - Lesions of the colon and rectum; malignancies, polyposis, and diverticulitis.

PMID- 18136418
TI  - Surgery of the heart.

PMID- 18136417
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 18136419
TI  - Antibiotic therapy of subacute bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 18136421
TI  - Schizophrenia.

PMID- 18136420
TI  - Streptomycin damage to the vestibular apparatus; one to two year follow-up.

PMID- 18136422
TI  - The conservative treatment of hydronephrosis.

PMID- 18136423
TI  - Hypospadias.

PMID- 18136424
TI  - Ureteric transplantation in children.

PMID- 18136425
TI  - The present status of treatment of cancer of the uterine cervix and body.

PMID- 18136426
TI  - The problem of dysmenorrhoea.

PMID- 18136427
TI  - Pruritus vulvae.

PMID- 18136429
TI  - The treatment of athlete's foot.

PMID- 18136428
TI  - The present status of dilatation and curettage.

PMID- 18136430
TI  - A note on asthma.

PMID- 18136431
TI  - Thermal comfort in temperate climates.

PMID- 18136432
TI  - The differential diagnosis of palpitation.

PMID- 18136433
TI  - The treatment of boils.

PMID- 18136434
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136435
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136437
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136436
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136438
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136439
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136440
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136441
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136442
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136444
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136443
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136445
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136446
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136447
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136448
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136449
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136450
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136451
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136452
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136453
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136454
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136455
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136456
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136458
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136457
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136459
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136460
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136461
TI  - Effect of arteriovenous fistula on growth of bone; preliminary report.

PMID- 18136462
TI  - Intrathyroid hyperfunctioning parathyroid adenomas; report of two cases.

PMID- 18136463
TI  - Articular vascular leiomyoma; report of case.

PMID- 18136464
TI  - Four-way connector for the simultaneous intravenous administration of pentothal
      sodium, curare and fluids or blood.

PMID- 18136465
TI  - Report of radium therapy for 1948.

PMID- 18136467
TI  - General principles of allergy and hypersensitivity.

PMID- 18136466
TI  - The origin and evolution of diagnostic procedures with reference to diseases of
      the heart and circulation; physical diagnosis.

PMID- 18136468
TI  - The roentgenologic aspects of pancreatic calcification.

PMID- 18136469
TI  - Variations in hearing in endolymphatic hydrops.

PMID- 18136470
TI  - Prolapsed fallopian tube as a complication of vaginal hysterectomy; report of two
      cases.

PMID- 18136471
TI  - Stimulation of gastric secretion in man by theophylline ethylenediamine.

PMID- 18136472
TI  - Bacterial conversion of dextrin into a polysaccharide with the serological
      properties of dextran.

PMID- 18136473
TI  - Anoxic diversion of the renal cortical blood flow.

PMID- 18136474
TI  - Effect of elevated body temperatures on cryptococcosis in mice.

PMID- 18136475
TI  - A virus isolated from patients diagnosed as non-paralytic poliomyelitis or
      aseptic meningitis.

PMID- 18136476
TI  - Effect of phenergan (N-dimethylamino-2-propyl-1-thiodiphenylamine, 3277 RP) on
      the Arthus reaction in rabbits.

PMID- 18136477
TI  - Effect of isuprel upon tolerance of the eviscerate rat for glucose.

PMID- 18136479
TI  - Investigations on the use of eserine for the differentiation of mammalian
      esterases.

PMID- 18136478
TI  - Effect of testosterone propionate on phosphatases in the seminal vesicle and
      prostate of the rat.

PMID- 18136480
TI  - Histamine and other imidazole compounds as bacterial growth stimulators.

PMID- 18136481
TI  - Mechanism of inhibition of glycogen synthesis by endotoxins of Salmonella
      aertrycke and type I meningococcus.

PMID- 18136482
TI  - Effects of certain azo dyes upon the cockroach Blatella germanica.

PMID- 18136483
TI  - Relation of pantothenic acid to white blood cell response of rats following
      stress.

PMID- 18136484
TI  - An improved method for the microbiological assay of growth factors on paper
      chromatograms.

PMID- 18136485
TI  - Duodenal ulcers produced on a diet deficient in pantothenic acid.

PMID- 18136486
TI  - Neutralizing antibody against viruses of the encephalo myocarditis group in the
      sera of wild rats.

PMID- 18136487
TI  - Relief from pruritus following upon administration of adenylic acid.

PMID- 18136488
TI  - Chemotherapy of leukemia; effect of folic acid derivatives on transplanted mouse
      leukemia.

PMID- 18136489
TI  - A readily soluble form of P. B. P. for use as a routine diagnostic test.

PMID- 18136490
TI  - Effects of bone extracts injected into the mouse testis.

PMID- 18136491
TI  - Limiting essential amino acids of some legume seeds.

PMID- 18136492
TI  - Construction and application of shielded silver electrodes with mercury leads
      designed for prolonged stimulation experiments.

PMID- 18136493
TI  - Urinary excretion of digitoxin in the rat.

PMID- 18136494
TI  - Gonadotrophic activity of granules isolated from rat pituitary glands.

PMID- 18136495
TI  - Urinary excretion of amino-acids during alloxan-induced diabetes in rats.

PMID- 18136496
TI  - Lack of identity of hyaluronidase inhibitor and certain mucoproteins in blood
      serum.

PMID- 18136497
TI  - Biotin-carbohydrate interrelationships in the metabolism of Leuconostoc.

PMID- 18136498
TI  - Cultivation of pseudorabies virus in the yolk sac of the developing chick embryo.

PMID- 18136499
TI  - Antagonism of choline and heparin in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 18136500
TI  - Effects of adrenocorticotrophic hormone on neuro-muscular function in patients
      with myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 18136501
TI  - Alkaline and acid phosphatase activity of the embryonic chick retina.

PMID- 18136502
TI  - Experimental lathyrism in the white rat and mouse.

PMID- 18136503
TI  - Simultaneous administration of adrenal cortical extract and desoxycorticosterone;
      effects on blood pressure of hypertensive patients.

PMID- 18136504
TI  - Effect of 11-desoxycorticosterone acetate upon carbohydrate utilization by the
      depancreatized rat.

PMID- 18136505
TI  - Effect of folic acid, 4-amino folic acids and related substances on growth of
      chick embryo.

PMID- 18136506
TI  - Distribution of C'4, administered as CaC 403, in rat liver glycogen and blood
      glucose and lactate.

PMID- 18136507
TI  - Activation of antifungal extracts of actinomycetes by ultrafiltration through
      gradocol membranes.

PMID- 18136508
TI  - Relation of a specific strain of Salmonella to ulcerative cecitis of rats.

PMID- 18136509
TI  - Increased metabolic rate in rats after X-irradiation.

PMID- 18136510
TI  - Differential blood counts on rats during shock induced by tourniquets.

PMID- 18136511
TI  - Protecting effect of heparin on the inactivation of thrombin by heat.

PMID- 18136512
TI  - A simplified tissue culture technic.

PMID- 18136513
TI  - A method of obtaining influenza virus growth curves in individual eggs.

PMID- 18136514
TI  - Some effects of dilution on the nutritive value of dialyzed plasma and embryo
      juice.

PMID- 18136515
TI  - Effects of 4-amino-pteroylglutamic acid in dogs with special reference to
      megaloblastosis.

PMID- 18136516
TI  - Chronic toxicity of gamma isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane in the albino rat.

PMID- 18136517
TI  - Addison's disease treated by adrenal grafting.

PMID- 18136518
TI  - Pathological fracture through a cyst of scapula.

PMID- 18136519
TI  - Osteogenesis imperfecta in father and son.

PMID- 18136520
TI  - Insulin stimulation of glycogen formation in rat abdominal muscle.

PMID- 18136521
TI  - Normal and seizure levels of lactate, pyruvate and acid-soluble phosphates in the
      cerebellum and cerebrum.

PMID- 18136522
TI  - Lactate, pyruvate, and acid-soluble phosphates in monkey brains treated with
      carbon dioxide and electric shock.

PMID- 18136523
TI  - Effect of environmental temperature on the response of mice to whole-body
      roentgen radiation.

PMID- 18136524
TI  - Effect of nitrocompounds on viruses of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma group.

PMID- 18136525
TI  - Inhibition of agents of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma group by P
      arsenobenzamide.

PMID- 18136526
TI  - Vitamin B12 content of various organs and tissues of the rat.

PMID- 18136527
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136528
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136529
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136530
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136531
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136532
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136533
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136534
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136535
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136536
TI  - The solved and unsolved problems of femoral neck fractures.

PMID- 18136537
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 18136539
TI  - Proctoscopy in physical diagnosis.

PMID- 18136538
TI  - Management of mechanical obstruction of the small intestine at Cook County
      Hospital.

PMID- 18136540
TI  - Carcinoma of the large bowel; prognosis from the standpoint of cell
      differentiation.

PMID- 18136541
TI  - Further studies on streptomycin in tuberculous meningitis.

PMID- 18136542
TI  - The history of the Cook County Hospital blood bank.

PMID- 18136543
TI  - Bilateral renal diseases; attempt of a pathologic classification helpful to the
      clinicians.

PMID- 18136544
TI  - Chronic relapsing pancreatitis.

PMID- 18136545
TI  - The dermatologic service at Cook County Hospital.

PMID- 18136546
TI  - Carcinoma of the cecum with perforated appendicitis and empyema of the gall
      bladder.

PMID- 18136547
TI  - Aneurysms; report of two cases.

PMID- 18136549
TI  - An unusual case of pericardial effusion.

PMID- 18136548
TI  - The uses of urecholine.

PMID- 18136550
TI  - The treatment of angiomatosis of the retina (von Hippel's disease).

PMID- 18136551
TI  - Thrombophlebitis migrans; report of a case.

PMID- 18136553
TI  - The eyes and ears in medical education.

PMID- 18136552
TI  - On the meaning of the glucose tolerance curve.

PMID- 18136554
TI  - The chemist as an aid in the detection of crime.

PMID- 18136555
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136556
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136557
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136559
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136558
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136560
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136561
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136562
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136563
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136564
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136565
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136567
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136566
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136568
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136569
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136570
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136571
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136572
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136573
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136574
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136575
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136576
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136577
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136578
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136579
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136580
TI  - [Study on pellagra; clinical forms and treatment; associated avitaminoses;
      eczematoid aspects].

PMID- 18136581
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136582
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136583
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136584
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136585
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136586
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136587
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136588
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136589
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136590
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136592
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136591
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136593
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136594
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136595
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136596
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136597
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136598
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136599
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136600
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136601
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136602
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136603
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136604
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136606
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136605
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136607
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136608
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136609
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136610
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136611
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136612
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136613
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136614
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136615
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136616
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136617
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136618
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136619
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136620
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136621
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136622
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136623
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136624
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136625
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136626
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136627
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136628
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136629
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136630
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136631
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136632
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136633
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136634
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136635
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136636
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136637
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136638
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136639
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136640
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136641
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136642
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136643
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136644
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136645
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136646
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136647
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136648
TI  - Observations of the hemopoietic factors in hog stomach and duodenum, and the
      treatment of pernicious anemia by orally administered vitamin B12 in combination
      with extracts of duodenal mucosa.

PMID- 18136649
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136650
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136651
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136652
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136653
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136654
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136655
TI  - Our common enemy, coryza.

PMID- 18136656
TI  - Immunization card index.

PMID- 18136657
TI  - Zinc poisoning; four cases.

PMID- 18136658
TI  - Poliomyelitis in Berlin.

PMID- 18136659
TI  - Blood transfusions.

PMID- 18136660
TI  - Physical therapy in EUCOM.

PMID- 18136661
TI  - The role of the Army nurse in field operations.

PMID- 18136662
TI  - Preventive medicine in military and civilian practice.

PMID- 18136663
TI  - An outbreak of gastro-enteritis.

PMID- 18136664
TI  - STANDARDS of water quality for recreational uses.

PMID- 18136665
TI  - DIARRHEAL and dysenteric diseases.

PMID- 18136666
TI  - Navy medicine beyond the seas and on safari.

PMID- 18136667
TI  - The place of the phonocardiograph in military medicine.

PMID- 18136668
TI  - Postoperative psychogenic tetany; case report.

PMID- 18136669
TI  - Diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs.

PMID- 18136670
TI  - Benign retention jaundice; the mechanism of the intermittent jaundice in
      constitutional hepatic dysfunction; with report of a case.

PMID- 18136671
TI  - Skin grafted ileostomies.

PMID- 18136672
TI  - Improvised well-leg traction; a description of the apparatus and its application
      to military surgery.

PMID- 18136673
TI  - A neuropsychiatric reconditioning program in the peacetime Army.

PMID- 18136674
TI  - Atomic radiation effects; the release and neutralization of humoral toxic agents.

PMID- 18136675
TI  - The apparatus of nuclear physics.

PMID- 18136676
TI  - The metabolism and distribution of radium in bone.

PMID- 18136677
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136678
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136679
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136680
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136681
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136682
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136683
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136684
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136685
TI  - Physiology and psychiatry.

PMID- 18136686
TI  - Electroencephalographic effects of bilateral prefrontal lobotomy; comparison of
      cases with and without postlobotomy seizures.

PMID- 18136687
TI  - Analysis of mortality and causes of death in a mental hospital.

PMID- 18136688
TI  - A comparison of the test performances of the brain-injured and the brain
      diseases.

PMID- 18136689
TI  - A psychometric determination of alcoholic addiction.

PMID- 18136690
TI  - Electric shock treatment succeeded by complete flaccid paralysis, hallucinations,
      and sudden death; case report with anatomical findings in the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 18136691
TI  - The personal problems of senior nursing students.

PMID- 18136692
TI  - Note on a suicide key in the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory.

PMID- 18136693
TI  - Mental hygiene of the psychotic age.

PMID- 18136694
TI  - Spontaneous imagery; a new psychotherapeutic approach.

PMID- 18136695
TI  - Change of life; a psychosomatic problem.

PMID- 18136696
TI  - Poison-pen therapy.

PMID- 18136697
TI  - On the margin.

PMID- 18136698
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136699
TI  - Analysis of a prefrontal lobe syndrome and its theoretic implications.

PMID- 18136700
TI  - Combined lateral and ventral pyramidotomy in treatment of paralysis agitans.

PMID- 18136701
TI  - Influence of chemotherapy on the pathology of purulent leptomeningitis.

PMID- 18136702
TI  - Observations on criminal patients during narcoanalysis.

PMID- 18136703
TI  - Plasma calcium fractions after electric convulsion treatment.

PMID- 18136704
TI  - Periodic paralysis associated with obesity of hypothalamic origin; observations
      in a case with changes in the electrocardiogram and the serum potassium level.

PMID- 18136705
TI  - Observations on essential (heredofamial) tremor.

PMID- 18136706
TI  - Tridione therapy in minor epilepsy.

PMID- 18136707
TI  - Cerebral lesions due to intracranial aneurysms.

PMID- 18136708
TI  - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

PMID- 18136710
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136709
TI  - The orbital gyri.

PMID- 18136711
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136712
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136713
TI  - [Barbiturate poisoning, treatment and complications].

PMID- 18136714
TI  - Some observations upon the otological effects of streptomycin intoxication.

PMID- 18136715
TI  - Hereditary stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius as a cause of congenital
      hydrocephalus.

PMID- 18136716
TI  - Cell concentration and laminar thickness in the frontal cortex of psychotic
      patients; studies on cortes removed at operation.

PMID- 18136717
TI  - Studies on the subthalamus of the rhesus monkey; anatomy and fiber connections of
      the subthalamic nucleus of Luys.

PMID- 18136718
TI  - Studies on the subthalamus of the rhesus monkey; hyperkinesia and other
      physiologic effects of subthalamic lesions; with special reference to the
      subthalamic nucleus of Luys.

PMID- 18136719
TI  - Fiber and cell degeneration in the albino rat brain after hemidecortication.

PMID- 18136720
TI  - Formation within sensory nucleus V of synaptic associations mediating cutaneous
      localization.

PMID- 18136721
TI  - Frontal lobotomy and impairment of abstract attitude.

PMID- 18136722
TI  - Nonconvulsive biochemotherapy with histamine; a preliminary report on the
      treatment of hospitalized schizophrenic, manic depressive and involutional
      psychotics.

PMID- 18136723
TI  - Cauda equina regeneration through nerve grafts; an experimental study in monkeys.

PMID- 18136724
TI  - Topectomy; a surgical procedure for the treatment of mental illnesses.

PMID- 18136725
TI  - [Certain neurodynamic manifestations in pain foci].

PMID- 18136726
TI  - [Neurologic modifications in prefrontal lobotomy].

PMID- 18136727
TI  - [Role of tubercles of the brain in development of tuberc. meningitis in
      children].

PMID- 18136728
TI  - [Vegetative symptom in endarteritis obliterans].

PMID- 18136729
TI  - [Neurosis-like states in disturbance of the vegetative nervous system].

PMID- 18136730
TI  - [Modifications in the nervous system in acute myeloid leukemia].

PMID- 18136731
TI  - [On myoclonic epilepsy].

PMID- 18136732
TI  - [Psychopathology parasiggital gunshot injuries of the brain].

PMID- 18136733
TI  - [Olfactory hallucinations in complicated gunshot injuries of the temporal
      region].

PMID- 18136734
TI  - [Somnopsychotherapy].

PMID- 18136735
TI  - The nursing technics in rehabilitation.

PMID- 18136736
TI  - Nursing among the Navajo Indians.

PMID- 18136737
TI  - Madame chairman, this is for you.

PMID- 18136738
TI  - A nursing staff prepares for cardiac surgery.

PMID- 18136739
TI  - Motivation in health education.

PMID- 18136740
TI  - Comparison of breast and artificial feeding.

PMID- 18136741
TI  - Notes on the use and effects of monosodium glutamate.

PMID- 18136742
TI  - Effect of large-scale methods of preparation on the vitamin content of food;
      spinach.

PMID- 18136743
TI  - Dietary treatment of edema in an African boys' boarding school.

PMID- 18136744
TI  - Experimental investigation of vertical fusional movements.

PMID- 18136745
TI  - A report of three cases of aniseikonia.

PMID- 18136746
TI  - Pupillary changes associated with accommodation and convergence.

PMID- 18136747
TI  - Plastic lenses made of thermosetting resins.

PMID- 18136748
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136749
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136750
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136751
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136752
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136753
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136754
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136755
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136756
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136757
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136758
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136759
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136760
TI  - Heredity and retinoblastoma.

PMID- 18136761
TI  - Continuous intravenous injection of typhoid vaccine in treatment of certain
      opthalmic diseases.

PMID- 18136762
TI  - Minimal defects in visual field studies.

PMID- 18136763
TI  - Mechanism of corneal graft healing; behavior of recipient and donor cells.

PMID- 18136764
TI  - Circular corneal transplants; surgical technic; instruments and sutures;
      comparison with the use of square transplants.

PMID- 18136765
TI  - Atrophy of the optic nerve in tabes and dementia paralytica.

PMID- 18136766
TI  - Surgical treatment of concomitant divergent strabismus.

PMID- 18136767
TI  - Corneal vescularization in the gray Norway rat.

PMID- 18136768
TI  - A simple method for temporary closure of the lids.

PMID- 18136769
TI  - Comments on Dr. Rand's letter on Hartridge's article on physiology of vision.

PMID- 18136770
TI  - Rubeosis iridis diabetica; report of a case.

PMID- 18136771
TI  - Role of the vertically acting muscles in concomitant strabismus.

PMID- 18136772
TI  - Scleromalacia perforans.

PMID- 18136774
TI  - A procedure to make the Elliott trephine operation less difficult.

PMID- 18136773
TI  - Postvaccinial ocular syndrome.

PMID- 18136775
TI  - A non-geometric exposition of the theory of retinoscopy.

PMID- 18136776
TI  - Autonomic dysfunction in the inner ear.

PMID- 18136777
TI  - Topical applications to the skin of the ear canal.

PMID- 18136778
TI  - Anticoagulant therapy in retinal vascular occlusion.

PMID- 18136779
TI  - Intermittent exotropia.

PMID- 18136780
TI  - Plastic lenses in industry.

PMID- 18136781
TI  - Monocular cataracts; industrial implications.

PMID- 18136782
TI  - The influence of chemical constitution on antibacterial activity; a survey of
      heterocyclic bases, with special reference to benzquinolines, phenanthridines,
      benzacridines, quinolines and pyridines.

PMID- 18136783
TI  - Antibiotics active against bacterial viruses.

PMID- 18136784
TI  - The erythrocyte receptor for pertussis haemagglutinin.

PMID- 18136785
TI  - Enzyme adaptation in bacteria; fate of nitratase in nitrat-eadapted cells grown
      in the absence of substrate.

PMID- 18136786
TI  - The Lewis blood group characters of erythrocytes and body-fluids.

PMID- 18136787
TI  - Alvein.

PMID- 18136788
TI  - The antibacterial properties of some species of aerobic spore-forming bacilli.

PMID- 18136789
TI  - An electrophoretic study of the components of the serum proteins in cirrhosis of
      the liver.

PMID- 18136790
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136791
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136792
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136793
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136794
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136795
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136797
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136796
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136798
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136799
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136800
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136801
TI  - Synthesis of certain derivatives of thiols.

PMID- 18136802
TI  - Assay of heparin; measurement of the end point by physical means; influence of
      surface on clotting.

PMID- 18136803
TI  - Comparative toxicity of certain t-butyl substituted cresols and xylenols.

PMID- 18136804
TI  - Microchemical identification of amidone.

PMID- 18136805
TI  - Studies on pharmaceutical powders and the state of subdivision; an evaluation of
      pharmaceutical dispensing techniques employed to increase the specific surface
      areas of powders.

PMID- 18136806
TI  - Microtoxicology; colorimetric reactions and optical crystallographic properties
      of several antihistaminics of unrelated structure.

PMID- 18136808
TI  - Studies on Indian Datura.

PMID- 18136807
TI  - Microtoxicology; identification and differentiation of the newer antihistaminic
      drugs related to benadryl, pyribenzamine, and antergan.

PMID- 18136809
TI  - Determination of theobromine in theobromine and sodium salicylate.

PMID- 18136810
TI  - Scotch mint and spearmint; a comparative study of cultural, morphological, and
      histological characteristics of species of Mentha growing in Florida.

PMID- 18136811
TI  - Chemical composition of gum turpentines of pines; a report on Pinus strobus, P.
      cembra, P. taeda, P. radiata, and P. virginiana.

PMID- 18136812
TI  - Composition of gum turpentine of Pinus lambertiana.

PMID- 18136814
TI  - Evaluation of the antibacterial efficiency of dilute solutions of free halogens.

PMID- 18136813
TI  - The decomposition of sodium phenobarbital in solutions of aliphatic amines and
      alkanolamines.

PMID- 18136815
TI  - Analgesics; some developments.

PMID- 18136816
TI  - The antidotal activity of some dithiols and acetyldithiols in mice poisoned with
      oxophenarsine.

PMID- 18136818
TI  - The assay of mercuric salicylate.

PMID- 18136817
TI  - The partition chromatography of alkaloids; the alkaloids of Australian Datura
      ferox and of Indian henbane.

PMID- 18136819
TI  - The evaluation of the bactericidal activity of ethylene glycol and some of its
      monoalkyl ethers against Bacterium coli.

PMID- 18136820
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136821
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136822
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136823
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136824
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136825
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136827
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136826
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136828
TI  - Graduate education in radiology.

PMID- 18136829
TI  - Congenital obstructions of the respiratory tract; tracheal malformations.

PMID- 18136830
TI  - Congenital obstruction of the respiratory tract; bronchial malformations.

PMID- 18136831
TI  - Lesions of the diaphragm.

PMID- 18136832
TI  - Reticulo-endotheliosis; HandSchuller-Christian disease and the rarer
      manifestations.

PMID- 18136833
TI  - The clinical and roentgen manifestations of pneumonia due to Bacillus mucosus
      capsulatus (primary Friedlander pneumonia).

PMID- 18136834
TI  - A case of aneurysm of the ductus arteriosus with postmortem roentgenologic study
      after instillation of barium paste.

PMID- 18136835
TI  - Coccidioidal granuloma of bone.

PMID- 18136836
TI  - Calcification in intraspinal meningiomas.

PMID- 18136837
TI  - Intracranial calcification in encephalo trigeminal angiomatosis.

PMID- 18136838
TI  - Biological effects of roentgen rays of various wavelengths.

PMID- 18136839
TI  - Depth dose data and isodose distributions for radiation from a 22 mev. betatron.

PMID- 18136843
TI  - Sigmoidovesical fistulas resulting from diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon.

PMID- 18136853
TI  - Bilateral broad ligament lipomata; report of a case and review of the literature.

PMID- 18136854
TI  - Intravenous administration of gelatin and histologic changes in the kidney.

PMID- 18136855
TI  - Surgical implications of acute pancreatitis; an analysis of 85 cases.

PMID- 18136857
TI  - Effects of vagotomy in the rat.

PMID- 18136856
TI  - Effect of gastrectomy and diversion of duodenal secretions into the terminal
      portion of the ileum on development of ulcer.

PMID- 18136858
TI  - Neurofibromatosis and pseudarthrosis; report of a case.

PMID- 18136859
TI  - Experimental injury of the common bile duct.

PMID- 18136860
TI  - Intussusception due to familial adenoma of the small intestine.

PMID- 18136861
TI  - Effort thrombosis of the axillary and subclavian veins; an analysis of 16
      personal cases and 56 cases collected from the literature.

PMID- 18136862
TI  - Effects and fate of blood transfusions in normal dogs.

PMID- 18136863
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the diseased spleen.

PMID- 18136864
TI  - Effect of oxidized cellulose in the protection of the suture line in intestinal
      anastomoses in dogs.

PMID- 18136865
TI  - Increase of serum lipase in experimentally induced appendical peritonitis.

PMID- 18136866
TI  - Sarcoma of the esophagus; report of successful resection of a fibrosarcoma.

PMID- 18136867
TI  - New advances in seamless prosthetic hands.

PMID- 18136868
TI  - Acute pancreatitis; pathways of enzymes into the blood stream.

PMID- 18136869
TI  - Cleft left upper lobes and the split anterior bronchus.

PMID- 18136870
TI  - Hemipelvectomy.

PMID- 18136871
TI  - Meconium peritonitis.

PMID- 18136872
TI  - Giant pharyngoesophageal diverticulum; case report.

PMID- 18136873
TI  - Pneumonectomy for pulmonary tuberculosis in a woman 6 months pregnant, followed
      by a normal birth.

PMID- 18136874
TI  - Calculosis and fibrosis of the pancreas.

PMID- 18136875
TI  - The physiologic basis of operations for duodenal, gastric, and gastrojejunal
      ulcer; a review of recent literature.

PMID- 18136876
TI  - Clinical and parasitic relapses of vivax malaria in the Netherlands; influence of
      various modes of treatment.

PMID- 18136877
TI  - A method for tracing and comparing bacterial antagonists from surface water with
      the aid of perforated Petri dishes.

PMID- 18136878
TI  - The effect of rabbit immune serum on haemagglutination through vaccinia virus.

PMID- 18136879
TI  - Pathological observations on tuberculosis of Indonesians in Batavia in 1946.

PMID- 18136880
TI  - Congenital malaria.

PMID- 18136881
TI  - Notes on Haemagogus anastasionis Dyar of Curacao.

PMID- 18136882
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136883
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136884
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136886
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136885
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136887
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136888
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136889
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136890
TI  - Typing of typhoid bacilli from Indonesia by means of Vi-bacteriophage II.

PMID- 18136891
TI  - Prevention of malaria with proguanil in New Guinea.

PMID- 18136892
TI  - Stages in the development of collective immunity in malaria.

PMID- 18136893
TI  - Is tinea albigena Nieuwenhuis a separate disease or an Indonesian pinto combined
      with epidermophytosis?

PMID- 18136894
TI  - Paratyphoid G Oranienburg in Indonesia.

PMID- 18136895
TI  - Tropical disease as an aftermath of war.

PMID- 18136896
TI  - Typhus fevers in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

PMID- 18136897
TI  - The parasite rate in high altitude malaria.

PMID- 18136898
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136902
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136903
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136904
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136905
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136906
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136907
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136908
TI  - [Deciding role of external factors in the development of nervous activity].

PMID- 18136909
TI  - [Defense inhibition; universal nervous process].

PMID- 18136910
TI  - [Innervation of the internal organs].

PMID- 18136912
TI  - Isolation of mouse mammary carcinoma virus.

PMID- 18136911
TI  - [Critical periods of embryonal development].

PMID- 18136913
TI  - Results of pancreatoduodenectomy.

PMID- 18136914
TI  - Palliative resections in cancer of the colon and rectum.

PMID- 18136915
TI  - The significance of cartilage in abnormal locations.

PMID- 18136916
TI  - Benign chondroblastoma of bone; unusual localization in femoral capital
      epiphysis.

PMID- 18136917
TI  - Argentaffin tumor occurring in a benign cystic teratoma of the ovary.

PMID- 18136918
TI  - Primary and metastatic cancer of the fallopian tube.

PMID- 18136919
TI  - Bilateral primary carcinoma of the ureter; a case report.

PMID- 18136920
TI  - Carcinoid tumors of the colon and rectum.

PMID- 18136921
TI  - Some limitations of cytological diagnosis of malignant tumors.

PMID- 18136922
TI  - Electronmicroscopy observations on Hodgkin's material.

PMID- 18136923
TI  - Reversal of aminopterin-induced inhibition of sarcoma 180 by folic acid.

PMID- 18136924
TI  - Bone marrow of mice bearing sarcoma 180 treated with 4-amino-pteroylglutamic acid
      and with 4-amino-N10-methyl-pteroylglutaminic acid.

PMID- 18136925
TI  - Effectiveness of nitrogen mustards in retarding the growth of sarcoma 180 with
      reference to route of administration, age of tumors, food intake, and weight loss
      of the mice.

PMID- 18136926
TI  - Bone-marrow changes in man after treatment with aminopterin, amethopterin, and
      aminoanfol; with special reference to megaloblastosis and tumor remission.

PMID- 18136927
TI  - Leydig-cell tumors induced experimentally in the rat.

PMID- 18136928
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136929
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136930
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136931
TI  - Brief outline of the embryology of the human heart and the blood vessels.

PMID- 18136932
TI  - Morbus caeruleus; clinical examination.

PMID- 18136933
TI  - Roentgenological examination of morbus caeruleus.

PMID- 18136934
TI  - The electrocardiogram in morbus caeruleus.

PMID- 18136935
TI  - Circulation time studies by the fluorescein method with particular reference to
      morbus caeruleus.

PMID- 18136936
TI  - Heart tolerance tests in cardiac malformations with cyanosis.

PMID- 18136937
TI  - Heart catheterization in morbus caeruleus.

PMID- 18136938
TI  - Morbus caeruleus; diagnosis.

PMID- 18136939
TI  - Surgical treatment of the tetralogy of Fallot.

PMID- 18136940
TI  - Morbus caeruleus; case report.

PMID- 18136941
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136942
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136943
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18136944
TI  - Distribution of a triphosphopyridine nucleotide-specific enzyme catalyzing the
      reversible oxidative decarboxylation of malic acid in higher plants.

PMID- 18136945
TI  - The genesis of auxin during the decomposition of proteins.

PMID- 18136947
TI  - Chemical composition of normal bone marrow.

PMID- 18136946
TI  - Antiscorbutic substances; 3-methyl-L-as-corbic acid and 1-methylheteroascorbic
      acid.

PMID- 18136948
TI  - Ultracentrifugal studies on some porcine plasma protein fractions.

PMID- 18136949
TI  - Occurrence of an unidentified rat growth factor in cottonseed meal.

PMID- 18136950
TI  - Stereochemical configuration and provitamin A activity; pro-gamma-carotene (a
      poly-cis compound) and its all-trans isomer in the rat.

PMID- 18136951
TI  - Comparative study of the glycolysis and ATP-ase activity in tissue homogenates.

PMID- 18136952
TI  - Candidulin; an antibiotic from Aspergillus candidus.

PMID- 18136953
TI  - An unknown effect of amino acids; interaction of nitrogenous polycarboxylic acids
      (N-substituted amino acids) and insoluble metal sulfides and mercaptides.

PMID- 18136954
TI  - Biochemical individuality; genetotrophic factors in the etiology of alcoholism.

PMID- 18136955
TI  - An interpretation of the contradictory results in measurements of the
      photosynthetic quantum yields and related phenomena.

PMID- 18136956
TI  - Transformation of tryptophan to nicotinic acid investigated with delayed
      supplementation of tryptophan.

PMID- 18136957
TI  - Increase in yeast respiration in presence of several steroids and
      diethylstilbestrol.

PMID- 18136958
TI  - Inhibition ergostanyl acetate by 7-dehydrocholesteryl bromide.

PMID- 18136959
TI  - Effect of vitamin B12, animal protein factor and soil for pig growth.

PMID- 18136960
TI  - On the probable identity of several unidentified growth factors.

PMID- 18136961
TI  - Effect of animal protein factor supplement on pigs fed different protein
      supplements.

PMID- 18136962
TI  - Does light inhibit the respiration of green cells?

PMID- 18136963
TI  - Myosmine in cigar tobacco.

PMID- 18136965
TI  - Review of the interpretations of luminescence phenomena.

PMID- 18136964
TI  - A survey of present methods used to determine the optical properties of
      phosphors.

PMID- 18136966
TI  - The emission characteristics of fluorescent pigments.

PMID- 18136967
TI  - A correlation between cathodoluminescence efficiency and decay as a function of
      temperature.

PMID- 18136968
TI  - The phosphorescence decay of halophosphates and other doubly activated phosphors.

PMID- 18136969
TI  - New observations on superlinear luminescence.

PMID- 18136970
TI  - A vacuum ultraviolet monochromator for absorption and photoconductivity
      measurements on luminescent solids.

PMID- 18136971
TI  - The measurement of the luminescence of fluoroscopic X-ray screens.

PMID- 18136973
TI  - BENEFITS from atomic energy.

PMID- 18136972
TI  - The atomic industry and human ecology; on risk.

PMID- 18136974
TI  - Production of C14 in a nuclear reactor.

PMID- 18136975
TI  - Speed of operation of Geiger-Muller counters.

PMID- 18136976
TI  - Effect of soft X-rays on vitamins; niacin, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid.

PMID- 18136978
TI  - Alpha-particle detection with dental X-ray film.

PMID- 18136979
TI  - The use of stressbreakers in tissue borne partial dentures.

PMID- 18136977
TI  - Retention of radon by the mouse; experimental determination of biodecay and
      energy absorbed.

PMID- 18136980
TI  - Roentgenographic technic for anterior interproximal region.

PMID- 18136981
TI  - Roentgenographic technics made to order.

PMID- 18136982
TI  - A pattern of centric occlusion.

PMID- 18136983
TI  - The nationwide topical fluoride demonstration program.

PMID- 18136984
TI  - FUNDAMENTAL requirements for training in oral surgery.

PMID- 18136985
TI  - A modified Crane-Kaplan surgical pocket marker.

PMID- 18136986
TI  - Principles and technique of exodontia.

PMID- 18136987
TI  - Brain abscess secondary to dental infection; report and discussion of a case.

PMID- 18136988
TI  - Foreign bodies in the submandibular fossa.

PMID- 18136989
TI  - The treatment of acute ulcerative necrotizing gingivitis with aureomycin.

PMID- 18136990
TI  - The submandibular and parapharyngeal spaces; their topography and importance in
      oral surgery.

PMID- 18136991
TI  - Immunization experiments with procaine-azoprotein.

PMID- 18136992
TI  - Intravenous anesthesia in the dental office.

PMID- 18136993
TI  - Cementoma.

PMID- 18136994
TI  - Dens in dente.

PMID- 18136995
TI  - Essentials in endodontic practice.

PMID- 18136996
TI  - The clinical significance of serum potassium and sodium concentrations and their
      estimation with the flame photometer.

PMID- 18136997
TI  - The place of the clinical laboratory in small general hospitals.

PMID- 18136998
TI  - The early history of blood transfusion.

PMID- 18136999
TI  - A rapid method for routine preparation of paraffin sections.

PMID- 18137000
TI  - On the staining of amyloid.

PMID- 18137001
TI  - Complete porphyrin analysis of pathological urines.

PMID- 18137002
TI  - Qualitative analysis of the porphyrins by partition chromatography.

PMID- 18137003
TI  - Electrometric chloride titration in biological material.

PMID- 18137004
TI  - The renal blood flow and the glomerular filtration rate in congestive heart
      failure and some other clinical conditions; the effect of exercise and hypoxemia;
      a preliminary report.

PMID- 18137005
TI  - Serum proteins and agglutinins in a case of typhoid fever with severe
      hypoproteinemia.

PMID- 18137006
TI  - Acquired hemolytic jaundice.

PMID- 18137007
TI  - The endocellular nucleic acid distribution and plasma protein formation in
      myelomatosis.

PMID- 18137008
TI  - A method for rapid determination of colloid osmotic pressure.

PMID- 18137009
TI  - A simple, time-saving arrangement for the exact dilution of blood samples for
      cell counts and hemoglobin determinations.

PMID- 18137010
TI  - A quantitative one-stage method for the assay of prothrombin.

PMID- 18137011
TI  - A suitable absorbent for oxygen in gas analysis.

PMID- 18137012
TI  - [Differential radiological diagnosis of gastric ulcers with special reference to
      malignancy].

PMID- 18137013
TI  - [Value of vagotomy in gastroduodenal peptic ulcers].

PMID- 18137014
TI  - [Case reports of peptic ulcer operations].

PMID- 18137015
TI  - [Dietetic centers for working people].

PMID- 18137016
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137017
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137018
TI  - A new method of liver puncture.

PMID- 18137019
TI  - Ethnic tolerance; a function of social and personal control.

PMID- 18137020
TI  - The fool as a social type.

PMID- 18137021
TI  - Migration and occupational mobility in the depression.

PMID- 18137022
TI  - The relation of the adrenal cortex to the structure and phagocytic activity of
      the macrophagic system.

PMID- 18137023
TI  - Milk-borne infections in Great Britain.

PMID- 18137024
TI  - A study on birth-weight and intelligence.

PMID- 18137025
TI  - Control charts for the standard mortality ratio.

PMID- 18137026
TI  - Mortality amongst babies from injury at birth.

PMID- 18137027
TI  - The intermediate metabolism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; the status of the
      endogenous respiration.

PMID- 18137028
TI  - The intermediate metabolism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; limitations of
      simultaneous adaptation as applied to the identification of acetic acid, an
      intermediate in glucose oxidation.

PMID- 18137029
TI  - An irreversible gene-induced plastid mutation.

PMID- 18137030
TI  - Mitosis in living cell of amphibian tissue cultures.

PMID- 18137031
TI  - The use of interference films in optical instruments.

PMID- 18137032
TI  - Considerations affecting axial illumination.

PMID- 18137033
TI  - The heart output of the chick embryo.

PMID- 18137034
TI  - PROBLEM of measuring replacement of population.

PMID- 18137035
TI  - The report of the Royal Commission on Population.

PMID- 18137036
TI  - A new beta-ray applicator using fission products.

PMID- 18137037
TI  - Angular distribution of alpha-particles from the Li7 (p,alpha) He4 reaction.

PMID- 18137038
TI  - A rapid method of determining streptomycin sensitivity of Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 18137039
TI  - A method for determining the ratio of the Michaelis constants of an enzyme with
      respect to two substrates.

PMID- 18137040
TI  - Structure of thujic acid (dehydroperillic acid).

PMID- 18137041
TI  - delta6-Cholestenol.

PMID- 18137042
TI  - A new type of fossil man.

PMID- 18137043
TI  - Rh-gene frequencies in pygmies (Batswa) of the Belgian Congo.

PMID- 18137044
TI  - Rheological measurements and adhesion.

PMID- 18137045
TI  - Radioactive tracers in chemistry.

PMID- 18137046
TI  - Progress in high-speed calculating machine design.

PMID- 18137048
TI  - Preparation of bacteria for electron microscopy.

PMID- 18137047
TI  - Lactic acid and sweat gland function.

PMID- 18137049
TI  - Absorption of immune globulin by the young lamb after ingestion of colostrum.

PMID- 18137050
TI  - Tilts in the ionosphere.

PMID- 18137051
TI  - Rapid calculation of standard deviations.

PMID- 18137052
TI  - Reactivity and specificity of precipitates obtained by treating alcoholic
      extracts of beef heart with solutions of various inorganic salts.

PMID- 18137053
TI  - Globule size in two-phase emulsions.

PMID- 18137054
TI  - Micellar organisation in primary cell walls.

PMID- 18137055
TI  - A mutant genoid in Drosophila sensitive to carbon dioxide.

PMID- 18137057
TI  - Foot-and-mouth disease; a hazard to the world's food supply.

PMID- 18137056
TI  - Relation of the alpha rhythm of the brain to psychomotor phenomena.

PMID- 18137058
TI  - An animal's home is its castle.

PMID- 18137059
TI  - Africa from Nubia to Turkana.

PMID- 18137060
TI  - Diagnosis and management of complications of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18137061
TI  - Hypothyroidism with loss of weight and without myxedema; report of a case and
      review of literature.

PMID- 18137062
TI  - Studies in experimental frostbite; the response of the sympathetically denervated
      extremity to freezing.

PMID- 18137063
TI  - Excision of the semilunar cartilage.

PMID- 18137064
TI  - Inheritance of a Karakul-type curliness in the hair of Ayrshire cattle.

PMID- 18137065
TI  - A pedigree of partial anodontia.

PMID- 18137066
TI  - Congenital inheritance of inguinal hernia.

PMID- 18137067
TI  - Actinomycosis of the ovaries and fallopian tubes.

PMID- 18137068
TI  - Transverse or oblique presentation of the fetus in the last 10 weeks of
      pregnancy; its causes, general nature, and treatment.

PMID- 18137069
TI  - The vaginal smear in population screening for uterine carcinoma.

PMID- 18137070
TI  - A statistical study of cancer of the corpus uteri.

PMID- 18137071
TI  - Pregnancy with sickle cell anemia; review of the literature and report of cases.

PMID- 18137072
TI  - The attitude of the fetus in breech presentation.

PMID- 18137073
TI  - Observations on the use of progesterone in threatened abortion with special
      reference to pregnandiol excretion as a guide to therapy.

PMID- 18137074
TI  - Pregnancy and tuberculosis.

PMID- 18137075
TI  - Experience with extraperitoneal cesarean section at the University of Iowa
      Hospitals.

PMID- 18137076
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube.

PMID- 18137077
TI  - Specific malignant cells exfoliated from preinvasive cancer of the cervix uteri.

PMID- 18137078
TI  - Papillary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary.

PMID- 18137079
TI  - The crush syndrome in obstetrics and gynecology.

PMID- 18137080
TI  - Pulmonary mucormycosis complicating pregnancy.

PMID- 18137081
TI  - The specific treatment of vaginal mycosis.

PMID- 18137082
TI  - Premature rupture of the membranes.

PMID- 18137083
TI  - The relationship between the hemorrhagic blood dyscrasias and hypermenorrhea.

PMID- 18137084
TI  - Heterospecific blood group pregnancy in hemolytic disease of the newborn.

PMID- 18137085
TI  - The Rh factor in the American Negro; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18137086
TI  - The role of the fetal back in atypical occiput posterior positions.

PMID- 18137087
TI  - Nausea and vomiting induced by pregnancy or by administration of synthetic
      estrogens; treatment with antihistaminic compounds; a further study of an
      additional 50 cases.

PMID- 18137088
TI  - Control of stilbestrol vomiting.

PMID- 18137089
TI  - The effect of diethylstilbestrol in the prolongation of pregnancy.

PMID- 18137090
TI  - An aid to the removal of the Gell-horn pessary.

PMID- 18137091
TI  - Unilateral prefrontal lobotomy for the relief of intractable pain and termination
      of narcotic addiction.

PMID- 18137092
TI  - The intravenous administration of a combined fat emulsion into surgical patients.

PMID- 18137093
TI  - Diagnosis of preinvasive carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 18137094
TI  - Vesicointestinal fistulas.

PMID- 18137095
TI  - Pilonidal sinus; results in 92 consecutive cases treated by primary closure with
      gluteus maximus sliding musculofascial graft.

PMID- 18137096
TI  - Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts.

PMID- 18137097
TI  - Determination of the strength of the cancellous bone in the head and neck of the
      femur.

PMID- 18137098
TI  - Ultrarapid blood transfusion; clinical and experimental observations.

PMID- 18137099
TI  - Continuous lumbar paravertebral sympathetic block maintained by fractional
      instillation of procaine.

PMID- 18137100
TI  - Repair of the common bile duct over a buried catheter.

PMID- 18137101
TI  - Synovial osteochromatosis.

PMID- 18137102
TI  - Predisposing action of anesthetic agents on the vascular responses in hemorrhagic
      shock.

PMID- 18137103
TI  - Cytological diagnosis of cancer in transudates and exudates; a comparison of the
      Papanicolaou method and the paraffin block technique.

PMID- 18137104
TI  - Evaluation of the principles concerned in the management of trauma to the kidney.

PMID- 18137105
TI  - Do malignant lymphomas represent varying differentiation of the same growth?

PMID- 18137106
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137107
TI  - Malignant melanoma diagnosed by marrow aspiration.

PMID- 18137108
TI  - Reticulum hyperplasia and proliferation of lymphoid cells in the bone marrow in
      infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 18137109
TI  - Das Eisenmangelfieber.

PMID- 18137110
TI  - Simplified purchasing records for the small hospital.

PMID- 18137111
TI  - Problems in small hospital design.

PMID- 18137112
TI  - On the full-time principle in hospitals.

PMID- 18137113
TI  - Major points of kitchen sanitation.

PMID- 18137114
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137115
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137116
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137117
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137118
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137119
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137120
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137121
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137123
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137122
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137124
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137125
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137127
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137126
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137128
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137129
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137130
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137131
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137132
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137133
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137134
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137135
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137136
TI  - Asexual reproduction of Plasmodium knowlesi in rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 18137137
TI  - Metabolic changes in oral lactobacilli.

PMID- 18137138
TI  - Feeding tests on human volunteers with enterococci and tyramine.

PMID- 18137139
TI  - Complement fixation with fecal antigens in viral hepatitis.

PMID- 18137140
TI  - Toxemia as a stimulation factor in the production of antibodies; studies on
      precipitin production in the dog; the use of egg white.

PMID- 18137141
TI  - Toxemia as a stimulation factor in the production of antibodies; studies on
      precipitin production in the dog; the use of ricin.

PMID- 18137142
TI  - Physiological factors associated with genetic resistance to fowl typhoid.

PMID- 18137143
TI  - Relative susceptibility of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes canadensis and
      Anopheles quadrimaculatus to Plasmodium gallinaceum.

PMID- 18137144
TI  - Nutrition and poliomyelitis, the effects of deficiencies of phosphorus, calcium,
      and vitamin D on the response of mice to the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis
      virus.

PMID- 18137145
TI  - A field trial of Shigella flexneri III vaccine; serum agglutination studies.

PMID- 18137146
TI  - Inhibition of pyruvate oxidation in the malarial parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum
      by quinine treatment of the host.

PMID- 18137147
TI  - Metastases in bone marrow and myelophthisic anemia from carcinoma of the
      prostate.

PMID- 18137148
TI  - The pituitary gland of rats with experimental goiter.

PMID- 18137149
TI  - The treatment of pneumococcic meningitis with penicillin; a study of 125
      consecutive cases, with 73% recovery.

PMID- 18137150
TI  - The chemical combination of insulin with muscle (diaphragm) of normal rat.

PMID- 18137151
TI  - Hormonal influences on the chemical combination of insulin with rat muscle
      (diaphragm).

PMID- 18137152
TI  - The effect of body position and reference level on the determination of venous
      and right auricular pressure.

PMID- 18137153
TI  - Renal studies in acute infectious (epidemic) hepatitis.

PMID- 18137154
TI  - The toxicity of intravenous ammonium compounds.

PMID- 18137155
TI  - Alterations in the serum potassium and their relation to certain constituents of
      the blood in diabetic acidosis.

PMID- 18137156
TI  - The increased hypoprothrombinemic effect of a small dose of dicumarol in
      congestive heart failure.

PMID- 18137157
TI  - The collagen diseases.

PMID- 18137158
TI  - Ten years in the epidemiology of mumps.

PMID- 18137159
TI  - Pheochromocytoma; diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 18137160
TI  - Prefrontal operations for the treatment of mental illness.

PMID- 18137161
TI  - Studies on the coronary circulation; loss of myocardial contractility after
      coronary artery occlusion.

PMID- 18137162
TI  - Studies on the coronary circulation; the remarkable reserve power of the heart.

PMID- 18137163
TI  - Unipolar extremity leads in records with large Q.

PMID- 18137164
TI  - Superior vena cava obstruction in primary cancer of the lung.

PMID- 18137165
TI  - On the clinical entity.

PMID- 18137166
TI  - Salmonella endocarditis with streptomycin failure.

PMID- 18137167
TI  - The electrocardiographic syndrome following paroxysmal tachycardia.

PMID- 18137168
TI  - Vena caval thrombosis with polycythemia and leg ulcer.

PMID- 18137169
TI  - Persistent tachycardia caused by snake venom.

PMID- 18137170
TI  - Stilbamidine in the treatment of histoplasmosis; two case reports.

PMID- 18137171
TI  - Congenital pulmonary cysts.

PMID- 18137172
TI  - The symptom of dizziness.

PMID- 18137173
TI  - Principles of parenteral fluid administration.

PMID- 18137174
TI  - Tryptic inactivation of the receptor-destroying enzeme of V. cholerae and of the
      enzymic activity of influenza virus.

PMID- 18137175
TI  - Ovomucin as a substrate for the mucinolytic enzymes of V cholerae filtrates.

PMID- 18137176
TI  - The influence of calcium ion on the reactions of the V. cholerae enzyme RDE and
      influenza virus with specific mucopolysaccharides.

PMID- 18137177
TI  - The determination of spinnbarkeit of synovial fluid and its destruction by
      enzymic action.

PMID- 18137178
TI  - Mesohaemoglobin derivatives; preliminary studies on the preparation and
      properties of mesocholeglobin.

PMID- 18137179
TI  - Mesofhaemoglobin derivatives; a green derivative of mesohaemoglobin in the
      presence of cyanide.

PMID- 18137180
TI  - The possibility of the dual nature of sympathetic ganglion cells.

PMID- 18137181
TI  - Oestrogenic potency of subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L. var. Dwalganup)
      the preparation and assay of extracts.

PMID- 18137183
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137182
TI  - The copper and nickel content of the blood of the Western Australian marine
      crayfish (Panulirus longipes Milne Edwards) and of seaweeds.

PMID- 18137184
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137185
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137186
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137187
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137189
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137188
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137190
TI  - The problem of cut flexor tendons in fingers.

PMID- 18137191
TI  - The dramatic in gynaecology and obstetrics.

PMID- 18137192
TI  - Some diseases of the newborn baby.

PMID- 18137193
TI  - Some principles underlying determination of sex hormones.

PMID- 18137194
TI  - Poliomyelitis and the social environment.

PMID- 18137195
TI  - Production of dental caries; a new hypothesis.

PMID- 18137196
TI  - A case of psittacosis treated with penicillin.

PMID- 18137197
TI  - Isolated unilateral spinal accessory nerve palsy of obscure origin; a report of
      three cases.

PMID- 18137199
TI  - Traumatic perforation of the bladder.

PMID- 18137200
TI  - An interesting case of epilepsy.

PMID- 18137198
TI  - A case of diaphragmatic hernia of congenital origin with perforation of stomach.

PMID- 18137201
TI  - Torsion of normal fallopian tube.

PMID- 18137202
TI  - Eclampsia and peritoneal haemorrhage.

PMID- 18137203
TI  - Intrauterine manipulations.

PMID- 18137204
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137205
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137206
TI  - Diagnosis of portal vein obstruction; studies of intestinal absorption of glucose
      using abdominal collateral veins.

PMID- 18137207
TI  - Treatment of cutaneous carcinoma with podophyllin.

PMID- 18137208
TI  - Clinical therapeutic trial of a new drug.

PMID- 18137209
TI  - Studies on the initiation of blood coagulation; the relationship of platelets of
      the clot-promoting effect of glass surfaces.

PMID- 18137210
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137211
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137212
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137213
TI  - Chemosurgery in cutaneous malignancy.
AB  - Chemosurgical removal of accessible cancer under microscopic control affords:1.
      Unprecedented reliability. "Silent" extensions may be followed out and
      eradicated.2. Conservatism in removal of tissue. With microscopic examination of
      each layer of tissue removed, it is possible to avoid removing more than one or
      two millimeters of healthy tissue beyond the extent of the cancer.3. Good
      cosmetic results in many instances.4. Relative freedom from operative pain.5.
      Possibly, lower incidence of metastasis.6. Low operative mortality.

PMID- 18137214
TI  - Safer gastrectomy; 100 consecutive cases without mortality.
AB  - Duodenal stump disruption accompanied by fatal peritonitis is the complication
      most to be feared following gastrectomy and anastomosis by any one of the
      Billroth II modifications. While many explanations of this complication have been
      presented and many means devised to prevent it, by far the most frequent cause is
      distention of the proximal duodenum because of obstruction at the stoma due to
      kinks, angulations or postoperative edema.A supplemental report is made on a
      disintegrating T-tube designed to facilitate gastroenteric anastomosis, insure
      patency of the stoma and make impossible obstruction of the proximal loop. This
      report covers 100 consecutive instances in which the disintegrating tube was used
      and emphasizes the favorable postoperative course usually experienced by the
      patients.

PMID- 18137216
TI  - Bacterial meningitis and other diseases affecting the meninges; a review of 349
      cases.
AB  - Three hundred and forty-nine cases of disease affecting the meninges were
      observed at the San Bernardino County Charity Hospital in an eight year period.A
      total of 29 patients with meningococcal, H. influenzae and pneumococcal
      meningitis were treated. There were four deaths, of which three occurred during
      the first 24 hours in the hospital. Of 22 cases of unclassified meningitis, four
      probably were tuberculous, four probably were meningococcal and two probably were
      of virus origin. Under present treatment programs the differentiation between
      viral and bacterial meningitides is difficult and it is possible, therefore, that
      the reported incidence of the two groups may not represent the facts. Of 22 cases
      of unclassified meningitis, 12 had no specific characteristics which would permit
      a clinical diagnosis. One of the patients died. Of 70 cases of clinical
      meningitis, the infecting organism was identified in 69 per cent. Meningococcal
      meningitis made up only 17 per cent of 70 cases of purulent meningitis observed
      between July 1, 1945, and July 1, 1948.

PMID- 18137215
TI  - Management of cord and placental blood and its effect upon the newborn.
AB  - A comparative study was made of erythrocyte counts and weights of the newborn at
      term. Three groups were used: Cases in which the cord was clamped at once, those
      in which the cord was allowed to pulsate five minutes, and those in which the
      cord and placental blood was stripped into the baby. Standards and procedure were
      set up so that there would be a minimum of error. Evidence was elicited showing
      that babies in the "pulsating" and the "stripped" groups received a significant
      amount of blood which was beneficial. The amount varied, but when the stripping
      method was used, the term baby received about 100 cc. of blood.Babies receiving
      this blood had higher erythrocyte counts, higher hemoglobin values, higher
      initial weights, less weight loss, and less rapid loss of weight. It is believed
      the additional blood supplied is of benefit especially to prematures and to those
      infants who are in any degree of shock following long labors, difficult
      deliveries, abruptio placenta, placenta previa, or compression of the cord. The
      added blood benefits the baby by combating the initial shock, by aiding in
      filling the capillary bed of the expanding lungs, by increasing iron reserve, by
      lessening demand upon blood-forming organs (especially in prematures), by
      protecting the breakdown of body proteins and by aiding the transition from one
      source of oxygen to another. Five minutes, as a rule, is not long enough to wait
      for pulsation if the baby is to receive its quota of available blood. Stripping
      of cord and placental blood into the infant is not a harmful procedure when done
      gently and is particularly useful in cases where the condition of the mother or
      child is such that it is inadvisable to wait for the uterus to force the blood
      physiologically into the child. The additional blood does not cause icterus. The
      pulsating of the umbilical cord plays only a minor role in the process by which
      the baby receives blood after the second stage of labor. The pressure of the
      uterine contractions upon a blood-filled placenta, forcing blood through the
      umbilical vein into the child, plays the major role. Pitocin and/or ergot
      preparations would aid in this process. Anemic mothers have a tendency toward
      having anemic babies. Venous pressure experiments using a phlebaumanometer showed
      pressures before and after stripping, the force of uterine contractions on the
      umbilical vein pressure and the variation in pressure with crying and at rest.
      The giving of 100 cc. of blood by stripping affects the venous pressure of the
      child very little, if done slowly. If the stripping is done rapidly, there is a
      transient rise with a return to normal within a few minutes.A survey of 1,900
      diplomates of the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology showed that there
      is wide variation in the management of cord and placental blood. Of 455
      specialists who stripped the cord, five thought there was some increase in
      icterus, and one reported cardiovascular distress.

PMID- 18137217
TI  - The pathology of the nodular goiter.
AB  - Pathologic studies of thyroid nodules indicate that a definite percentage of
      nodular goiters are malignant, and that an even higher percentage are true
      neoplasms. Malignant tumors may arise from adenomas, involutionary nodules or
      possibly from nodules of the unclassified type. Some carcinomas of the thyroid
      gland are undoubtedly malignant processes from the start. Because of the high
      incidence of neoplasms, benign and malignant, in a group of single nodules of the
      thyroid gland, the presence of such nodules should warrant radical resections of
      the involved lobe and adjacent isthmus. The high incidence of epithelial growth
      activity in nodular involutionary goiters may revise the accepted practice of
      removing non-toxic nodular goiters only when clinical evidence of growth or local
      pressure is present.

PMID- 18137218
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Because of the variable and vague clinical symptoms of the disease, diagnosis of
      hyperparathyroidism may be missed or delayed.Presenting symptoms and findings may
      be localized to the urological system or to the skeletal framework, with
      indications of abnormal blood calcium levels.In any case in which the patient's
      only complaints are malaise, lassitude, or progressive weakness, and in which
      routine laboratory findings are inconclusive, the blood calcium level should be
      determined. While not in itself diagnostic, a high level of calcium in the blood
      will lead to further investigation such as skeletal x-ray studies and blood
      phosphorus and serum alkaline phosphatase determinations. Vigilance
      postoperatively to forestall tetany is of great importance.

PMID- 18137219
TI  - Extraocular muscle paralysis from spinal injection of pantopaque.

PMID- 18137220
TI  - Foreign bodies in the rectum simulating anorectal disease.

PMID- 18137221
TI  - Blood and spinal fluid guanidine in epilepsy.

PMID- 18137222
TI  - On the ABO gene and Rh chromosome distribution in the white population of
      Manitoba.

PMID- 18137223
TI  - On ergothioneine; its preparation from blood and ergot.

PMID- 18137224
TI  - The determination of ergothioneine in simple solution and in blood.

PMID- 18137225
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137226
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137227
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137228
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137229
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137230
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137231
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137232
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137233
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137234
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137235
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137236
TI  - [Renal excretion of endogenous creatinine].

PMID- 18137237
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137238
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137239
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137240
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137241
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137242
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137243
TI  - Social science in relation to medicine and some of its recent contributions.

PMID- 18137244
TI  - A critique of the present status of the psychotherapies.

PMID- 18137245
TI  - Bronchial adenoma, right main stem bronchus with atelectasis of the right lower
      lobe.

PMID- 18137246
TI  - The cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 18137247
TI  - [Indication for surgical treatment in peptic ulcer].

PMID- 18137248
TI  - [Clinical aspects, epidemiology and prevention of tick and Japanese
      encephalitis].

PMID- 18137249
TI  - [Rabies and its prevention].

PMID- 18137250
TI  - [Sanitary-hygienic supervision of gymnasiums].

PMID- 18137251
TI  - Evidence of the presence of equine encephalomyelitis virus in Philippine animals.

PMID- 18137252
TI  - Atelectasis.

PMID- 18137253
TI  - Neurofibroma of the small intestine causing complete obstruction.

PMID- 18137254
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137255
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137256
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137257
TI  - [Care of premature infants].

PMID- 18137258
TI  - [Results of raising the qualifications of medical personnel of municipal sanitary
      epidemiological stations].

PMID- 18137259
TI  - [Massage].

PMID- 18137260
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137261
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137263
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137262
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137264
TI  - Demonstration of patent ductus arteriosus by cardiac catherization.

PMID- 18137265
TI  - Studies in jejunostomy feeding.

PMID- 18137266
TI  - Methods for dental caries control.

PMID- 18137267
TI  - The treatment of liver disease.

PMID- 18137268
TI  - Allergic retrobulbar neuritis.

PMID- 18137269
TI  - The surgical aspects of diverticulosis and diverticulitis.

PMID- 18137271
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the ethmoid sinus.

PMID- 18137270
TI  - Treatment of infantile hernia by ligation.

PMID- 18137272
TI  - [Statistical study of sufferers from spinal caries].

PMID- 18137273
TI  - [Clinical observations on sufferers from Japanese type encephalitis].

PMID- 18137274
TI  - [Technique of excision of the plexus hypogastricus superior in the field of
      surgery].

PMID- 18137275
TI  - Thioarsenites in amebiasis; a clinical appraisal of new amebacides.

PMID- 18137276
TI  - Training for childbirth.

PMID- 18137277
TI  - A venous shunt for advanced mitral stenosis.

PMID- 18137278
TI  - The subcutaneous administration of mercaptomerin; effective mercurial diuretic
      for the treatment of congestive heart failure.

PMID- 18137279
TI  - Benzodioxan test; fall in blood pressure following its use in a case of renal
      hypertension.

PMID- 18137280
TI  - Treatment of a patient with a pheochromocytoma; use of an adrenolytic drug before
      and during operation.

PMID- 18137281
TI  - Transmission of streptomycin-resistant tubercle bacilli in man.

PMID- 18137282
TI  - Streptomycin-resistant tubercle bacilli; isolation of resistant organisms from
      pleural fluid prior to institution of streptomycin therapy.

PMID- 18137283
TI  - Deficiency diseases in the Cincinnati General Hospital; a 10-year study.

PMID- 18137284
TI  - Artane therapy for parkinsonism; a preliminary study of results in 117 cases.

PMID- 18137285
TI  - Paroxysmals cold hemoglobinuria associated with dementia paralytica; report of
      treatment with penicillin.

PMID- 18137286
TI  - Mass penicillin prophylaxis; an experiment with negative results.

PMID- 18137287
TI  - Validity of pneumoencephalographic diagnosis; a study of 500 pneumoencephalograms
      in children.

PMID- 18137288
TI  - Serum hepatitis in a blood bank worker.

PMID- 18137289
TI  - Radiodermatitis of the lip after exposure to arc welding.

PMID- 18137290
TI  - Effectiveness of chloresium in wound healing and deodorant effects.

PMID- 18137291
TI  - KOCH'S advertising takes on a religious flavor.

PMID- 18137293
TI  - MALPRACTICE; surgeon's liability for negligence of intern [Pa., 1949].

PMID- 18137292
TI  - WORKMEN'S Compensation Acts; employees refusal to undergo operation for repair of
      ruptured intervertebral disk [Oklahoma, 1949].

PMID- 18137294
TI  - A murine virus (JHM) causing disseminated encephalomyelitis with extensive
      destruction of myelin.
AB  - The isolation of a murine virus causing disseminated encephalomyelitis
      accompanied by extensive destruction of myelin in the central nervous system, and
      focal necrosis of the liver has been described. Young mice can be infected by a
      number of parenteral routes. Both encephalitic and paralytic signs can be
      observed. After intracerebral inoculation the virus has been isolated from brain,
      spinal cord, liver, lung, spleen, and kidney, but not from blood or from
      intestinal walls and contents. Hamsters, cotton rats, and Hisaw rats can be
      infected by the intracerebral route. Guinea pigs and rabbits appear to be
      insusceptible. Attempts to infect chick embryos have so far met with failure.
      Under proper conditions the agent can pass through the usual bacterial filters.
      No inclusion bodies have been seen. No serological relationship to other
      neurotropic viruses has been demonstrated as yet.

PMID- 18137295
TI  - Experimental disseminated encephalomyelitis in white mice.
AB  - Disseminated encephalomyelitis was readily induced in mice of the Swiss strain by
      means of repeated intramuscular and subcutaneous injections of apparently normal
      mouse brain mixed with an adjuvant. The latter consisted of autoclaved virulent
      tubercle bacilli and heavy liquid petrolatum, a modification of the Freund
      adjuvant. The syndrome and the histopathological picture of the induced malady
      were essentially similar to those in monkeys, rabbits, and guinea pigs,
      previously reported by others. Certain exceptional characteristics of the
      affection, as occurring in mice, suggest that they may be the animals of choice
      for its study as well as for that of other encephalitides. Not only were the
      signs indicative of marked involvement of the central nervous system but also of
      the respiratory mechanism, and only a few injections of mouse brain-adjuvant
      mixture were required to evoke the neurological symptom complex in almost every
      animal.

PMID- 18137296
TI  - Sequences in the formation of clots from purified bovine fibrinogen and thrombin;
      a study with the electron microscope.
AB  - The observed sequences in the formation of clots from purified bovine fibrinogen
      and thrombin are described. Under the conditions of these experiments, it appears
      that fibrinogen molecules are polymerized by the action of thrombin to form
      needle-shaped, crystal-like protofibrils which then become aligned into fiber
      strands by lateral association. The integrity of the unit fibrils is maintained
      within the strand. A model of the fibrinogen molecule is proposed which may
      satisfy the reported physical constants, data from x-ray diffraction studies, and
      observations made upon electron micrographs.

PMID- 18137297
TI  - The relative significance of graded immunizing and challenge doses in measuring
      the potency of vaccines; a study of mouse protection by typhoid vaccine.
AB  - A study of the effect of graded immunizing doses of typhoid vaccine and graded
      challenge doses of S. typhosa in 5 per cent mucin on the degree of gradation of
      response (survival or death) elicited in successive groups of mice is reported.
      In the range of doses employed the effect of graded immunizing doses was markedly
      greater than was the effect of graded challenge doses. Statistically the
      difference exceeded the 0.1 per cent level of significance. It was concluded that
      the use of graded immunizing doses was preferable to the use of graded challenge
      doses as a basis for the immunological assay of typhoid vaccine, since with the
      former there was obtained (a) a greater significance of differences in response
      of groups given graded doses even with smaller fold increments in successive
      doses, (b) a greater slope of the dosage-response curve which permitted
      estimation of ED(50) values with smaller standard errors, and (c) an effect on
      response apparently less dependent on the sex of mice used.

PMID- 18137298
TI  - Studies on bacteriophage; the relationship between the somatic antigens of
      Shigella sonnei and their susceptibilitv to bacterial viruses.
AB  - Phase I and Phase II Sh. sonnei exhibit differences in their susceptibility to
      the T series of bacteriophages. Both microorganisms are lysed by T(2) and T(6),
      but only the Phase II bacillus is lysed by T(3), T(4), and T(7). Lysis of the
      Phase I or Phase II bacillus by T(2) or T(6) is not inhibited by the homologous
      type-specific antigen. In the presence of an appropriate cofactor, however, the
      lysis of Phase II Sh. sonnei by T(3), T(4), and T(7) is specifically inhibited by
      the homologous somatic antigen but not by the Phase I antigen. The significance
      of these observations is discussed in respect to the nature of the virus receptor
      of these microorganisms.

PMID- 18137300
TI  - The physical examination.

PMID- 18137299
TI  - Nephrotoxic nephritis in rats; evidence for the glomerular origin of the kidney
      antigen.
AB  - Nephrotoxic anti-rat kidney sera were produced in rabbits by intraperitoneal
      injection of suspensions of blood-free rat kidney. The nephrotoxin of these sera
      could be removed by adsorption with saline suspensions of finely ground rat
      glomeruli, but not by adsorption with other portions of rat kidney or by
      adsorption with several other rat tissues. It was concluded that nephrotoxic sera
      of this type react primarily with glomerular tissue and, by inference, that the
      antigen essential for the production of these anti-kidney sera was of glomerular
      origin. The observations are consistent with Pressman's (15, 16) demonstration
      that anti-mouse kidney sera labeled with radioiodine localize primarily in
      glomeruli.

PMID- 18137301
TI  - A comparative study of neo-natal infant mortality at St. Francis Hospital,
      Wichita, Kansas.

PMID- 18137302
TI  - Diagnosis of vaginal bleeding.

PMID- 18137303
TI  - REVERE. Unexpected death following surgery.

PMID- 18137304
TI  - Surgery of the stomach and duodenum at St. Margaret's Hospital, Montgomery,
      Alabama during 1946, 1947 and 1948.

PMID- 18137305
TI  - Eye diseases causing blindness in the state of Alabama.

PMID- 18137306
TI  - Cancellous chip grafts in chronic bone abscesses.

PMID- 18137307
TI  - Some aspects of radio-therapy.

PMID- 18137308
TI  - Diseases of the cervix.

PMID- 18137309
TI  - The normal electrocardiogram and anginal syndrome.

PMID- 18137310
TI  - The petechiometer; a simple method for measuring capillary fragility.

PMID- 18137311
TI  - Use of the rice diet in hypertension; preliminary report of 25 patients.

PMID- 18137312
TI  - The time factor in testing for visual acuity following eye injuries.

PMID- 18137313
TI  - Non-surgical treatment of peripheral vascular disorders.

PMID- 18137314
TI  - Clinical results of the use of penicillin in syphilis.

PMID- 18137315
TI  - Cancer of the lung with metastasis to the skin.

PMID- 18137316
TI  - Malignant melanoma.

PMID- 18137317
TI  - Cardiac neoplasm simulating primary heart disease.

PMID- 18137318
TI  - Hydatidiform mole of the broad ligament.

PMID- 18137319
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137320
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137321
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137322
TI  - Thoracoplasty in pulmonary tuberculosis in the Philippines.

PMID- 18137323
TI  - The malaria problem in the Philippines today.

PMID- 18137324
TI  - Occupational gasoline poisoning; a report of two acute fatal poisonings.

PMID- 18137325
TI  - Recent trends of psychiatry in America.

PMID- 18137326
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137328
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137329
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137327
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137330
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137331
TI  - Recent advances in tuberculosis.

PMID- 18137332
TI  - Recent advances in surgery.

PMID- 18137334
TI  - Recent advances in pediatrics.

PMID- 18137333
TI  - Recent advances in medicine.

PMID- 18137335
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137336
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137337
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137338
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137339
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137340
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137341
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137342
TI  - Twenty-five years of biliary surgery.

PMID- 18137343
TI  - The internal mammary lymph chain in carcinoma of the breast; study of 50 cases.

PMID- 18137344
TI  - The effect of water and salt intake on prickly heat.

PMID- 18137345
TI  - Recurring pneumococcal meningitis.

PMID- 18137346
TI  - Total serum-fat in hypertony.

PMID- 18137347
TI  - Human serum containing anti-N agglutinin.

PMID- 18137348
TI  - ANXIETY neurosis.

PMID- 18137349
TI  - Prophylactic sulphanilamide in rheumatic fever; review of 548 cases.

PMID- 18137350
TI  - Carcinoma of the kidney.

PMID- 18137351
TI  - Acquired resistance to proguanil in Plasmodium falciparum.

PMID- 18137352
TI  - Concentration of diphtheria antitoxin in cord blood and rate of loss in babies.

PMID- 18137353
TI  - Aureomycin in undulant fever.

PMID- 18137354
TI  - ANXIETY neurosis.

PMID- 18137355
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137356
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137357
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137358
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137359
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137360
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137362
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137361
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137363
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137364
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137365
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137366
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137367
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137368
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137369
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137370
TI  - Give the patient a fee estimate.

PMID- 18137371
TI  - A 50 years survey of thyroid disease at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney.

PMID- 18137372
TI  - A rapid method of testing the sensitivity of tubercle bacilli to streptomycin.

PMID- 18137373
TI  - A survey of the incidence of interdigital fungous infection in a group of
      students from the University of Otago.

PMID- 18137374
TI  - BCG vaccination against tuberculosis.

PMID- 18137375
TI  - Bicornuate uterus.

PMID- 18137376
TI  - Torticollis.

PMID- 18137377
TI  - Voice without a larynx.

PMID- 18137378
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137379
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137380
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137381
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137382
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137383
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137384
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137385
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137386
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137387
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors of the throat.

PMID- 18137388
TI  - Hypertension; its medical management.

PMID- 18137389
TI  - Present day status of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 18137390
TI  - Fractures of the tibial spines.

PMID- 18137391
TI  - Otologic aspects of vertigo.

PMID- 18137392
TI  - Vertigo as it confronts the internist.

PMID- 18137393
TI  - Thrombocytopenic purpura associated with tuberculous splenomegaly and
      tuberculosis of the bone marrow.

PMID- 18137395
TI  - Endoscope.

PMID- 18137394
TI  - Strangulated diaphragmatic hernia complicating pregnancy; report of a case.

PMID- 18137396
TI  - Viral hepatitis, fulminant, homologous serum type.

PMID- 18137397
TI  - Aureomycin therapy in the pulmonary involvement of pancreatic fibrosis
      (mucoviscidosis).

PMID- 18137398
TI  - Posterior tuberculous sinuses of vertebral origin; wound revision and closure
      with streptomycin permitting early spinal fusion.

PMID- 18137399
TI  - Progressive primary tuberculosis in the adult and its differentiation from
      lymphomas and mycotic infections.

PMID- 18137400
TI  - Viral infections contracted in the laboratory.

PMID- 18137401
TI  - Azoospermia.

PMID- 18137402
TI  - The management of massive bleeding from peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18137403
TI  - Side effects of the antihistamine drugs.

PMID- 18137404
TI  - The differential diagnosis of acute abdominal conditions.

PMID- 18137405
TI  - The false fear of disc surgery.

PMID- 18137406
TI  - Post-resection reconstruction of the thoracic esophagus.

PMID- 18137407
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137408
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137409
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137410
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137411
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137413
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137412
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137414
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137415
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137416
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137417
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137419
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137418
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137420
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137421
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137422
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137423
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137424
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137425
TI  - Recent advances in the treatment of neurosyphilis.

PMID- 18137426
TI  - The differential diagnosis of jaundice.

PMID- 18137427
TI  - Gas gangrene; a review of the subject and a report of two cases successfully
      treated by extensive debridement.

PMID- 18137428
TI  - Carcinoma of the breast; with an analysis of 134 cases.

PMID- 18137429
TI  - Combat guilt reactions.

PMID- 18137430
TI  - The use of darvisul in acute poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18137431
TI  - Cause of cracking joints; relation to weather and fibrositis.

PMID- 18137432
TI  - The psychiatric hospital as a therapeutic unit.

PMID- 18137433
TI  - Modern syphilotherapy.

PMID- 18137434
TI  - Use of fibrin foam in bronchial stump closure.

PMID- 18137435
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137436
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137437
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137438
TI  - Concomitance of an extra-pyramidal syndrome and epilepsy.

PMID- 18137439
TI  - Extradural cerebellar hemorrhage; review of the subject and report of a case.

PMID- 18137440
TI  - A new type of cervical brace.

PMID- 18137441
TI  - Sleep in pre-school children; a preliminary study.

PMID- 18137442
TI  - Emotional sleep disturbances in childhood.

PMID- 18137443
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137444
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137445
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137446
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137448
TI  - The dilemma of otolaryngology.

PMID- 18137447
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137449
TI  - Recent trends in enucleation; modern implants and prostheses.

PMID- 18137450
TI  - Retropubic prostatectomy; a critical evaluation of the newest approach to the
      prostate.

PMID- 18137451
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137452
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137453
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137454
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137455
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137456
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137457
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137458
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137459
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137460
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137461
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137462
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137463
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137464
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137465
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137466
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137467
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137468
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137469
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137471
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137470
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137472
TI  - A method for the study of gastro-intestinal motor activity in human beings.

PMID- 18137473
TI  - Some problems in the diagnosis of actinomycosis.

PMID- 18137474
TI  - Lye stricture of the esophagus; resection of the esophagus with cervical
      esophagogastrostomy; report of a case.

PMID- 18137475
TI  - Chronic agranulocytosis.

PMID- 18137476
TI  - The retinal vessels in hypertension.

PMID- 18137477
TI  - Carbohydrate metabolism and gastric secretory activity.

PMID- 18137478
TI  - Circulatory dynamics in emphysema.

PMID- 18137479
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137480
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137481
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137482
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137483
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137484
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137485
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137486
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137487
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137488
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137489
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137490
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137491
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137492
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137493
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137494
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137495
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137496
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137497
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137498
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137499
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137500
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137501
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137502
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137503
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137505
TI  - [Invagination gastric jejunum retrograde through the mouth gastrectomy].

PMID- 18137504
TI  - [The digestive system in the pathogenesis of internal alergodermias].

PMID- 18137506
TI  - [Possibilities of home isolation of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 18137507
TI  - [Survey rontgen-tuberculin in a vocational school].

PMID- 18137508
TI  - [Incidence of leptospira in several animal species; frequency in the rat Rattus
      norvegicus].

PMID- 18137509
TI  - [Contracted bladder does not specify, absence of bladder capacity; serious
      repercussions upon the high urinary tract].

PMID- 18137510
TI  - [Pathophysiology of surgical treatment of inguinal hernia in children].

PMID- 18137512
TI  - [[Contribution to the study of Galli Mainini reaction].

PMID- 18137511
TI  - [Considerations on the larval stage of hookworm infection; upon two clinical
      cases of acute hookworm].

PMID- 18137513
TI  - The control of pellagra.

PMID- 18137514
TI  - Hypoglycemia; prevention, in the new diabetic, with early stabilization on low
      fat diet, with resultant low insulin dosage.

PMID- 18137515
TI  - An improved belt for patients with abdominal colostomies.

PMID- 18137516
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137517
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137518
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137519
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137520
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137521
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137522
TI  - The differential diagnosis of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18137523
TI  - Low back pain; the value of specific tests in differential diagnosis.

PMID- 18137524
TI  - Psychosomatic aspects of gastro-intestinal disorders.

PMID- 18137525
TI  - Improvement in patients' general condition after application of skin test for
      brucellosis; an aid in establishing the diagnosis of brucellosis.

PMID- 18137526
TI  - Colorado premature infant care program.

PMID- 18137527
TI  - Anterior resection or abdominoperineal proctosigmoidectomy for carcinoma of the
      rectum.

PMID- 18137528
TI  - Changing conceptions in the management of carcinoma of the left portion of the
      colon.

PMID- 18137529
TI  - The use and abuse of spinal puncture and cerebrospinal fluid studies.

PMID- 18137530
TI  - Surgical diseases of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 18137531
TI  - The use of nisulfazole in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 18137532
TI  - Remote recording of physiological data by radio.

PMID- 18137533
TI  - Acute diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung.

PMID- 18137534
TI  - Uretero-lithotomy per vaginam.

PMID- 18137535
TI  - Infective hepatitis; a clinical study based on the first 500 admissions to No. 5
      S. A. General Hospital during the war.

PMID- 18137536
TI  - Diphtheria in African natives in the Transkei.

PMID- 18137537
TI  - Acute monocytic leukaemia; report of a case.

PMID- 18137538
TI  - Full-term extra-uterine pregnancy; with a simultaneous full-term intra-uterine
      pregnancy.

PMID- 18137539
TI  - Penetrating stab wounds of the chest; review of 50 cases over a 3 month period.

PMID- 18137540
TI  - The present status of radio-therapy and the radio-isotopes in the treatment of
      cancer.

PMID- 18137541
TI  - Rh sensitization and replacement transfusion.

PMID- 18137542
TI  - Lymphosarcoma.

PMID- 18137543
TI  - Adrenal neuroblastoma.

PMID- 18137544
TI  - The hepatidities.

PMID- 18137545
TI  - Rupture of a peptic ulcer in a Meckel's diverticulum.

PMID- 18137546
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137547
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137548
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137549
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137550
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137551
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137552
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137553
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137554
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137555
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137556
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137557
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137558
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137559
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137560
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137561
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137562
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137564
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137563
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137565
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137566
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137567
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137568
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137569
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137570
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137571
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137572
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137573
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137575
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137574
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137576
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137577
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137578
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137579
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137581
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137580
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137582
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137583
TI  - Diagnosis of pelvic appendicitis.

PMID- 18137584
TI  - Cerebral palsy as a public health measure in South Carolina.

PMID- 18137585
TI  - Varicose veins; a rational treatment.

PMID- 18137586
TI  - Corrosive strictures of the esophagus and their treatment.

PMID- 18137587
TI  - Complications of glaucoma surgery.

PMID- 18137588
TI  - Correlative studies of testicular dysfunction.

PMID- 18137589
TI  - Serial needle biopsy in the study of hepatic disease.

PMID- 18137590
TI  - The effects of lipotropic substances on phospholipide synthesis in patients with
      and without chronic hepatitis as measured by radioactive phosphorus.

PMID- 18137591
TI  - Vitamin B12 in pernicious anemia.

PMID- 18137592
TI  - Current concepts in the control and treatment of intestinal parasites.

PMID- 18137593
TI  - Emergency treatment of fractures.

PMID- 18137594
TI  - Herpes zoster; treatment with chloramphenicol.

PMID- 18137595
TI  - Rectal disorders and the nervous patient.

PMID- 18137596
TI  - Therapy in the private practice of psychiatry.

PMID- 18137597
TI  - Cerebral allergy.

PMID- 18137598
TI  - Sex behavior and sex attitudes in relation to emotional health.

PMID- 18137600
TI  - Amebiasis for the clinician.

PMID- 18137599
TI  - The splint suture of blood vessels.

PMID- 18137601
TI  - Incarceration of the retrodisplaced gravid uterus.

PMID- 18137602
TI  - Stature prediction in stature control.

PMID- 18137603
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137604
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137605
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137606
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137607
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137608
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137609
TI  - Diabetes mellitus; an orientation.

PMID- 18137610
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy.

PMID- 18137611
TI  - Preoperative management of the jaundiced patient.

PMID- 18137612
TI  - Recent advances in the chemical supportive therapy of thermal injury.

PMID- 18137613
TI  - Diaphragmatic hernia from roentgenologic viewpoint.

PMID- 18137614
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137615
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137616
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137617
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137618
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137619
TI  - Perforated bleeding duodenal ulcer in the newborn; case report.

PMID- 18137620
TI  - Electrophoretic investigations of vital fluids from patients with bullous
      diseases; preliminary report.

PMID- 18137621
TI  - Indications for induction of labor.

PMID- 18137622
TI  - Aureomycin; a review.

PMID- 18137623
TI  - The variable clinical manifestations of sickle cell anemia.

PMID- 18137624
TI  - The recognition of pre-schizophrenic states.

PMID- 18137625
TI  - Arteriosclerotic heart disease in diabetics.

PMID- 18137626
TI  - An analysis of 27 reported fatalities immediately following the injection of a
      mercurial diuretic.

PMID- 18137627
TI  - MOBILE dressing station.

PMID- 18137628
TI  - The microbiological assay of folic acid as applied to milk.

PMID- 18137629
TI  - Food consumption of soldiers in a subarctic climate, Fort Churchill, Manitoba,
      Canada, 1947-1948.

PMID- 18137630
TI  - Choroidal metastasis of a testicular chorionic epithelioma; report of a case.

PMID- 18137631
TI  - A simplified perimeter of wall type.

PMID- 18137632
TI  - Modern concepts of acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 18137633
TI  - Traumatic rupture of the membranous urethra.

PMID- 18137634
TI  - The county health department and the practicing physician with special reference
      to Monongalia County, West Virginia.

PMID- 18137635
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137636
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137637
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137638
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137639
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137640
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137641
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137642
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137643
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137644
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137646
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137645
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137647
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137648
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137649
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137650
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137651
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137652
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137653
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137655
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137654
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137657
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137656
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137658
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137659
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137660
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137661
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137662
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137663
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137664
TI  - Brain tumors in children.

PMID- 18137665
TI  - Some aspects of nutritional anemias.

PMID- 18137666
TI  - Rheumatic fever; its early diagnosis.

PMID- 18137667
TI  - An analysis of the causes of failures in fractures of the hip.

PMID- 18137668
TI  - Postpartum hemorrhage.

PMID- 18137669
TI  - INSECT and rodent control.

PMID- 18137670
TI  - INDUSTRIAL solvents.

PMID- 18137671
TI  - Medical evacuation system in a theater of war.

PMID- 18137672
TI  - The use of tibial bolts.

PMID- 18137673
TI  - Hearing changes during pilot training.

PMID- 18137674
TI  - Dental care for narcotic addicts in the U.S. Public Health Service Hospital,
      Lexington, Kentucky.

PMID- 18137675
TI  - Response of keratosis blennorrhagica to penicillin.

PMID- 18137676
TI  - Hereditary clubbing of the fingers and toes; case report.

PMID- 18137677
TI  - Casualties of the U.S. 8th Air Force (ETO) in War II.

PMID- 18137678
TI  - Diabetes mellitus complicated by hypercholesterolemia, lipemia retinalis, and
      hepatomegaly; a case report.

PMID- 18137679
TI  - Pilonidal cyst and sinus; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18137680
TI  - Subdeltoid bursitis.

PMID- 18137681
TI  - Primary abdominal pregnancy; case report.

PMID- 18137682
TI  - Progress of naval dental research sponsored by the Office of Naval Research and
      the Medical Department of the Navy.

PMID- 18137683
TI  - NAVY casualties during the Battle of Okinawa.

PMID- 18137684
TI  - TROPICAL diseases in the postwar period.

PMID- 18137685
TI  - QUOTAS set for doctors of medicine and dentistry.

PMID- 18137686
TI  - RESERVE Army Nurse Corps and WMSC on inactive status can receive annual
      retirement credits.

PMID- 18137687
TI  - FLUORESCENT lamps; warning.

PMID- 18137688
TI  - Results of dental examination of 15,000 Philippine Scouts, November 1948 to April
      1949.

PMID- 18137689
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137690
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137691
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137692
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137693
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137694
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137695
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137696
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137698
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137699
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137697
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137700
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137701
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137702
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137704
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137705
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137706
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137707
TI  - Retinal processes and their role in color vision.

PMID- 18137708
TI  - Functional localization of central coordinating mechanism for emesis in cat.

PMID- 18137709
TI  - Central inhibitory effects of carbon dioxide; Felis domesticus.

PMID- 18137710
TI  - A cerebello-bulbo-reticular pathway for suppression.

PMID- 18137712
TI  - The nature of intuition.

PMID- 18137713
TI  - Quest for psychics and psychical phenomena in psychiatric studies of personality.

PMID- 18137711
TI  - Respiratory and vascular responses in monkeys from temporal pole, insula, orbital
      surface and cingulate gyrus; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18137714
TI  - Pseudoneurotic forms of schizophrenia.

PMID- 18137715
TI  - From the autobiography of a liar; toward the clarification of the problem of
      psychopathic states.

PMID- 18137716
TI  - A rational approach to psychiatric nosology.

PMID- 18137717
TI  - A statistical analysis of the ages of first admissions to hospitals for mental
      disease in New York State.

PMID- 18137718
TI  - An analysis of Rorschach indices of male homosexuality.

PMID- 18137719
TI  - Rorschach indications for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.

PMID- 18137720
TI  - Some comparisons among the four picture test, thematic apperception test, and
      make a picture story test.

PMID- 18137721
TI  - The case of Gregor; psychological test data.

PMID- 18137722
TI  - A study of the degree of relationship between Rorschach H% and Wechsler-Bellevue
      picture arrangement scores.

PMID- 18137723
TI  - A preliminary study of the effects of glutamic acid on catatonic schizophrenics.

PMID- 18137724
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137727
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137726
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137728
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137729
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137730
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137731
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137732
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137733
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137735
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137736
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137734
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137737
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137738
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137740
TI  - The importance of the cornea in virus diseases.

PMID- 18137741
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137742
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137743
TI  - Some statistical observations on the frequency of occurrence of pterygium and
      pinguecula in relation to age.

PMID- 18137744
TI  - [Ophthalmological course in the Soviet].

PMID- 18137745
TI  - [Reorganization of ophthalmological courses in medical institutes].

PMID- 18137746
TI  - [Significance of lighting in the origin of myopia and care of vision in
      schoolchildren].

PMID- 18137747
TI  - [Occupational myopia].

PMID- 18137748
TI  - [Functional theory of concomitant strabismus and orthoptic treatment].

PMID- 18137749
TI  - [Effect of constant use of glasses for correction of metropia on visual acuity of
      the strabismic eye and on the vision of both eyes].

PMID- 18137750
TI  - [Amblyopia, refraction and accommodation].

PMID- 18137752
TI  - [Priority of Soviet ophthalmologic instrument makers].

PMID- 18137751
TI  - [Treatment of amblyopia in concomitant strabismus].

PMID- 18137753
TI  - [Treatment of scrofulous keratitis with lapis solutions].

PMID- 18137754
TI  - [Case of echinococcosis of the orbit].

PMID- 18137756
TI  - [Two cases of spontaneous expulsion of foreign bodies from the eye].

PMID- 18137755
TI  - [Case of restoration of vision following acute methyl-alcohol blindness].

PMID- 18137757
TI  - The effect of maturation upon defective articulation in grades seven through
      twelve.

PMID- 18137758
TI  - Otolaryngological experiences in a hearing survey.

PMID- 18137759
TI  - Some basic consideration in teaching language to the deaf.

PMID- 18137760
TI  - Working with parents of stuttering children.

PMID- 18137761
TI  - Rapid repetitive manipulation of the mandible in dysphonia.

PMID- 18137762
TI  - Prognostic factors related to language rehabilitation in aphasic patients.

PMID- 18137763
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137764
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137766
TI  - On the treatment of hemangiomas of the upper airways.

PMID- 18137765
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137767
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137768
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137769
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137770
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137771
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137772
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137773
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137774
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137775
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137776
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137777
TI  - Degenerative changes in the right half of the liver resulting from intra-uterine
      anoxia.

PMID- 18137778
TI  - Adhesiveness of blood platelets in thromboembolism and hemorrhagic disorders;
      diagnostic and prognostic significance of platelet adhesiveness.

PMID- 18137779
TI  - Neurinoma of the small intestine; its relative frequency among tumors of that
      region; report of a case.

PMID- 18137780
TI  - Bronchial adenoma with cancerous transformation.

PMID- 18137782
TI  - Co-thromboplastin assay; a means of study of abnormalities of blood coagulation.

PMID- 18137781
TI  - Paracolon endocarditis.

PMID- 18137783
TI  - Recent advances in the culture diagnosis of fungus disease.

PMID- 18137784
TI  - A frozen section technic.

PMID- 18137785
TI  - Use of Maxted's streptomyces filtrate for rapidly extracting group carbohydrates
      from hemolytic streptococci.

PMID- 18137786
TI  - Use of Kohler illumination for reticulocyte counts.

PMID- 18137787
TI  - Determination of para-aminosalicylic acid blood levels.

PMID- 18137788
TI  - Use of sponge in obtaining tissue from stomach for biopsy.

PMID- 18137789
TI  - New methylene blue as a reticulocyte stain.

PMID- 18137791
TI  - Quantitative study of the effects of multiple successive closed cerebral lesions.

PMID- 18137790
TI  - Trichrome stain for tissue section, culture or smear.

PMID- 18137792
TI  - Intestinal emphysema in infants; a review of the literature, with 17 new cases
      reported.

PMID- 18137793
TI  - North American blastomycosis; report of a case in which a patient with meningeal
      involvement was treated with streptomycin and promin.

PMID- 18137794
TI  - Fibrosarcoma of the helix of the ear.

PMID- 18137795
TI  - Congenital adenomatoid malformation of one lobe of a lung with general anasarca.

PMID- 18137796
TI  - Behavior of Hodgkin's disease nodes transplanted into the anterior chamber of the
      rat's eye.

PMID- 18137797
TI  - Hypertensive cardiovascular disease; an experimental study of tissue changes in
      bilaterally nephrectomized dogs.

PMID- 18137798
TI  - Peritoneal pseudomyxoma; a report of four unusual cases.

PMID- 18137799
TI  - Influence of dicumarol on streptococcic infection in rabbits.

PMID- 18137800
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137801
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137802
TI  - Niemann-Pick's disease.

PMID- 18137803
TI  - Mental disturbances in premature children at school age.

PMID- 18137804
TI  - Complications of scarlet fever in Oslo during the period 1890-1947.

PMID- 18137805
TI  - Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia with subsequent myocardial lesion.

PMID- 18137806
TI  - A case of tuberculous hepatitis and its biological reactions.

PMID- 18137807
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137808
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137810
TI  - The Schwartzman phenomenon with penicillin; report of case.

PMID- 18137809
TI  - Technique and indications of the therapeutic intramedullar transfusion of the
      bone marrow in children.

PMID- 18137811
TI  - The rocking bed; its use in poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18137812
TI  - Emotional problems in treatment and prognosis of epileptic children.

PMID- 18137813
TI  - Meningococcic meningitis.

PMID- 18137814
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137815
TI  - Vertebral magnets for removal of foreign bodies from the air and food passages.

PMID- 18137816
TI  - The otologic effects of streptomycin therapy.

PMID- 18137817
TI  - Lateral sinus thrombosis; review of recent literature and report of a case.

PMID- 18137819
TI  - Ocular torticollis.

PMID- 18137818
TI  - Early diagnosis in congenital causes of crippling.

PMID- 18137820
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137821
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137822
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137823
TI  - Reasons for lack of treatment of physical defects of high school pupils.

PMID- 18137824
TI  - Educational implications of clinical and research findings in nutrition.

PMID- 18137825
TI  - There is no average boy.

PMID- 18137826
TI  - [Aspects of morbidity school age in southern Italy in World War II].

PMID- 18137827
TI  - [The mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema in the course of infectious
      diseases].

PMID- 18137828
TI  - [Early clinical findings on the use of P.A.S. associated with potassium iodide in
      cases of tuberculosis in children].

PMID- 18137829
TI  - [Ocular symptoms in meningitis and miliary tuberculosis treated with
      streptomycin].

PMID- 18137830
TI  - [Considerations on the behavior of blood and CSF concentrations in children
      subjected to the introduction of PAS by various routes].

PMID- 18137831
TI  - [Considerations on the pathogenesis and therapy of habitual vomiting infant].

PMID- 18137833
TI  - [A case of orchitis from E]. coli in an infant treated and cured with therapy
      streptomicinica].

PMID- 18137832
TI  - [On a case of hematometric hematocolpos and hematosalpinx by an imperforate
      hymen].

PMID- 18137834
TI  - [Concept and terminology of premature, congenitally weak and immature].

PMID- 18137835
TI  - [Vitamin B12].

PMID- 18137836
TI  - Observations on staphylococcal infections treated with aureomycin.

PMID- 18137837
TI  - Birth injury, focal epilepsy and cortical excision; case report.

PMID- 18137838
TI  - Streptomycin intramuscular dosage per unit body weight correlated with serum
      levels in infants and children.

PMID- 18137839
TI  - Advising parents of early stutterers.

PMID- 18137840
TI  - Proteolytic enzymes of the premature infant; with special reference to his
      ability to digest unsplit protein food.

PMID- 18137841
TI  - Chronic intussusception.

PMID- 18137842
TI  - Embryoma of kidney (Wilms' tumor) in children.

PMID- 18137843
TI  - New concepts of the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of congenital megacolon
      (Hirschsprung's disease).

PMID- 18137844
TI  - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with congenital heart disease.

PMID- 18137845
TI  - Studies in pancreatic fibrosis; a simple diagnostic gelatin film test for stool
      trypsin.

PMID- 18137846
TI  - Bronchiectasis in childhood; aetiology and pathogenesis, including a survey of
      272 cases of doubtful irreversible bronchiectasis.

PMID- 18137847
TI  - Systemic infection with Salmonella anatum; report of first case.

PMID- 18137848
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137849
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137850
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137851
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137852
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137853
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137854
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137855
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137856
TI  - Contracture and suppression.

PMID- 18137857
TI  - The mechanism of arterial hypertension after potassium injections into the nerve
      centers.

PMID- 18137858
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137859
TI  - Studies on the laxative activity of triphenylmethane derivatives; physicochemical
      aspects of the potency difference between yellow phenolphthalein and U.S.P.
      phenolphthalein.

PMID- 18137860
TI  - Studies on the laxative activity of triphenylmethane derivatives; physical
      characteristics of phenolphthalein in relation to yellow phenolphthalein
      activation.

PMID- 18137861
TI  - The effect of glucose injections on the blood sugar level, alkali reserve, and
      blood and urine pH values of starved rabbits.

PMID- 18137862
TI  - The fate of subcutaneously injected sucrose in the rabbit.

PMID- 18137863
TI  - The effect of glucose injections on the regeneration of blood in the rabbit.

PMID- 18137864
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137865
TI  - Kymographic registration of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in dogs and cats; effect
      of antihistaminics and common drugs thereon.

PMID- 18137866
TI  - A pharmacological analysis of the o-tolylether of glycerol.

PMID- 18137867
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137869
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137868
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137870
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137871
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137872
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137873
TI  - The biologic assay of senna.

PMID- 18137874
TI  - A pharmacological study of N-methyl-N-cinnamyl-2-phenyl-propylamine.

PMID- 18137875
TI  - Some toxicological properties of surface-active agents.

PMID- 18137876
TI  - A summary of the pharmacological and toxicological properties of anthallan (3
      di(n-butyl)-aminomethyl-4,5,6-trihydroxyphenylphthalide).

PMID- 18137877
TI  - Determination of d-tubercurarine chloride.

PMID- 18137878
TI  - A practical method for the biological assay of heparin.

PMID- 18137879
TI  - The muscle relaxant effects produced by Potentilla anserina extracts;
      fractionation studies.

PMID- 18137880
TI  - The metabolism and toxicity of salicylic acid in combination with various drugs.

PMID- 18137881
TI  - An unusual impurity in caffeine.

PMID- 18137882
TI  - Some new procedures and instruments useful for microbiological antibiotic testing
      by diffusion methods; a new zone reader.

PMID- 18137883
TI  - Some new procedures and instruments useful for microbiological antibiotic testing
      by diffusion methods; an automatic delivery pipette for use with porous disks.

PMID- 18137885
TI  - Acetamide derivatives.

PMID- 18137884
TI  - Some new procedures and instruments useful for microbiological antibiotic testing
      by diffusion methods; the use of prepared tables for converting zone diameters to
      potencies.

PMID- 18137886
TI  - A proposed method of isolating plant constituents.

PMID- 18137887
TI  - The chemical assay of aureomycin.

PMID- 18137889
TI  - Further pharmacologic characterization of the sympathomimetic, aliphatic amine 2
      methylamino-6-hydroxy-6-methyl heptane.

PMID- 18137888
TI  - Cardio-vascular effects of two aliphatic amines and of ephedrine.

PMID- 18137891
TI  - The action of sympathomimetic amines on the isolated heart of the frog.

PMID- 18137890
TI  - Determination of homosulfanilamide hydrochloride, with observations on its
      absorption in dogs and man.

PMID- 18137892
TI  - Inotropic synergism of cardiac glucoside with calcium acting on the frog's heart
      in artificial media.

PMID- 18137893
TI  - A comparison of the effects of ether and cyclopropane anesthesia on the renal
      function of man.

PMID- 18137894
TI  - A pharmacological study of N-methyl-N'-(4-chlorobenzhydryl) piperazine
      dihydrochloride, a new antihistaminic.

PMID- 18137895
TI  - Pharmacological actions of tetraethylpyrophosphate and hexaethyltetraphosphate.

PMID- 18137896
TI  - A study of the development of tolerance to the actions of 1-methyl-4-(3
      hydroxyphenyl)-4-piperidyl ethyl ketone hydrochloride in dogs.

PMID- 18137897
TI  - The pharmacology of thiocyanobenzoic acids.

PMID- 18137898
TI  - Studies on veratrum alkaloids; veratramine, an antagonist to the
      cardioaccelerator action of epinephrine.

PMID- 18137899
TI  - Effect of detergents on various structures, with special reference to muscle and
      ganglion.

PMID- 18137900
TI  - Biochemical studies on chloramphenicol; tissue distribution and excretion
      studies.

PMID- 18137901
TI  - The antifilarial action of cyanine dyes; selection of 1'-ethyl-3,6-dimethyl-2
      phenyl-4-pyrimido-2'-cyanine chloride (863) for further study as a potential
      antifilarial agent.

PMID- 18137902
TI  - The effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on the toxicity of procaine in mice.

PMID- 18137903
TI  - The absorption, distribution and excretion of isonipecaine.

PMID- 18137904
TI  - The metabolism of barbiturates.

PMID- 18137905
TI  - Spinal cord depressant drugs.

PMID- 18137906
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137907
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137908
TI  - Hydrolysis of choline esters in the presence of adrenalin.

PMID- 18137909
TI  - Inactivation or removal of insulin by the liver.

PMID- 18137910
TI  - Seasonal changes in the thyroid gland and effects of thyroidectomy in the
      mallard, in relation to moult.

PMID- 18137911
TI  - Fluctuations of serum choline in women.

PMID- 18137912
TI  - Glycogenic effect of adrenal cortical extract.

PMID- 18137913
TI  - Glucose tolerance of dogs as altered by atmospheric decompression.

PMID- 18137914
TI  - Electrolytic resistance of the blood clot.

PMID- 18137916
TI  - Behavior of the leukocytes of the rabbit during periods of transient leukopenia
      variously induced.

PMID- 18137917
TI  - Age, body weight and blood hypertension.

PMID- 18137915
TI  - Fibrin, a factor influencing the consumption of prothrombin in coagulation.

PMID- 18137919
TI  - Effects of changes in body temperature and inspired air humidity on lung edema
      and hemorrhage.

PMID- 18137918
TI  - Mechanism of the vascular action of tetraethylammonium chloride.

PMID- 18137920
TI  - Persistent unilateral renal hypertension in the rabbit.

PMID- 18137921
TI  - Effects of removal of the ischemic kidney in rabbits with unilateral renal
      hypertension, as compared to unilateral nephrectomy in normal rabbits.

PMID- 18137922
TI  - Influence of sodium load on sodium excretion.

PMID- 18137923
TI  - Alteration of neuron excitability by retrograde degeneration.

PMID- 18137924
TI  - Effect of 2-methyl naphthoquinone on the action potential of nerve and muscle.

PMID- 18137925
TI  - Muscle recovery after nerve section and suture.

PMID- 18137926
TI  - Effect of carbon dioxide on brain glucose, lactate, pyruvate and phosphates.

PMID- 18137927
TI  - Standards for appraising psychological research.

PMID- 18137928
TI  - Gestalt laws of mental work.

PMID- 18137929
TI  - Some observations on psychological problems found among the blind.

PMID- 18137930
TI  - Psychological examinations of eminent biologists.

PMID- 18137931
TI  - Statistical tests of certain Rorschach assumptions; analyses of discrete
      responses.

PMID- 18137932
TI  - Validity of the Rorschach 8-9-10 per cent as an indicator of responsiveness to
      color.

PMID- 18137933
TI  - Problems of collaboration between the clinic center and the psychology department
      in providing clinical experience.

PMID- 18137934
TI  - An evaluation of Wechsler-Bellevue patterns in shizophrenia.

PMID- 18137935
TI  - Reliability of the shortened Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory.

PMID- 18137936
TI  - The Rosenzweig P-F test as a measure of frustration response in semistarvation.

PMID- 18137937
TI  - The Guilford-Shneidman-Zimmerman interest survey.

PMID- 18137938
TI  - A study of the emotional needs of crippled children.

PMID- 18137940
TI  - Field strength of the Kohler effect.

PMID- 18137939
TI  - The role of muscle action in interpretative reading.

PMID- 18137941
TI  - The rotated maze and retroactive inhibition.

PMID- 18137942
TI  - A. N. Whitehead's theory of feeling.

PMID- 18137943
TI  - The effect of success and failure on the recall of tasks.

PMID- 18137944
TI  - The treatment of emotions in contemporary Soviet psychology.

PMID- 18137945
TI  - The postulation of two different but functionally related mechanisms in adaptive
      behavior.

PMID- 18137946
TI  - The achievement of schizophrenics, other psychotics, and non-psychotics in basic
      school subjects.

PMID- 18137947
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137949
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137950
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137951
TI  - A historical survey of psychology in the Soviet Union.

PMID- 18137952
TI  - The genetics of schizophrenia; a special review.

PMID- 18137953
TI  - Note on the validity of personality inventories in military practice, by Ellis
      and Conrad.

PMID- 18137954
TI  - Reply to the Humms' note on the validity of personality inventories in military
      practice.

PMID- 18137948
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137956
TI  - Water-borne diseases.

PMID- 18137957
TI  - Adjustment of the school program for the physically handicapped child.

PMID- 18137955
TI  - Psychological factors in atomic warfare.

PMID- 18137958
TI  - Gathering and evaluating accident data with respect to farm people and farm
      workers.

PMID- 18137961
TI  - Trimming the tuberculosis register.

PMID- 18137960
TI  - Rhode Island cash sickness compensation program.

PMID- 18137962
TI  - Poisoning due to ingestion of wax crayons.

PMID- 18137964
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137965
TI  - Brucellosis; advances in diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 18137963
TI  - Q fever; a note clarifying the identity of American strains of Coxiella burnetii.

PMID- 18137966
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137959
TI  - Development of an educational program on sanitation in a typical food industry;
      the baking industry.

PMID- 18137967
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137968
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137969
TI  - The National Health Services.

PMID- 18137971
TI  - The Executive Council and the National Health Service.

PMID- 18137972
TI  - Some applications of space heating.

PMID- 18137973
TI  - The inspiration of home.

PMID- 18137974
TI  - The Nurseries and Child-Minders Regulation Act, 1948.

PMID- 18137975
TI  - Problems in the education of the physically handicapped child.

PMID- 18137976
TI  - The public health aspects of poultry disease.

PMID- 18137970
TI  - The hospital and medical services; the present position and probable trends of
      development.

PMID- 18137978
TI  - General introduction to technological problems of the fish industry.

PMID- 18137977
TI  - Farm buildings in relation to the health of dairy cows and milk production.

PMID- 18137979
TI  - Some bacteriological aspects of handling, processing and distribution of fish.

PMID- 18137980
TI  - Trends and developments in fish technology.

PMID- 18137982
TI  - Industrial welfare.

PMID- 18137984
TI  - Transmission of Salmonella enteritidis by the rat fleas Xenopsylla cheopis and
      Nosopsyllus fasciatus.

PMID- 18137985
TI  - Preliminary field trials with laboratory-tested molluscacides.

PMID- 18137987
TI  - Simple apparatus for controlling temperatures of film-processing solutions.

PMID- 18137983
TI  - The care of the nursery school child.

PMID- 18137986
TI  - What is a reportable case of tuberculosis?

PMID- 18137988
TI  - Effective nursing care for the tuberculous.

PMID- 18137989
TI  - Characteristics of commercial X-ray screens and films.

PMID- 18137990
TI  - Effect of certain detergents on sewage treatment.

PMID- 18137991
TI  - Quantitative relationships in the activated sludge process.

PMID- 18137993
TI  - Biology of sewage treatment.

PMID- 18137992
TI  - Factors affecting the efficiency of activated sludge plants.

PMID- 18137981
TI  - The disinfection of ice-cream servers.

PMID- 18137994
TI  - Dairy waste disposal.

PMID- 18137995
TI  - A high rate trickling filter pilot plant for certain chemical wastes.

PMID- 18137997
TI  - Legal indices of stream pollution.

PMID- 18137996
TI  - Waste control in a coke plant.

PMID- 18137998
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138000
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138001
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18137999
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138003
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138004
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138002
TI  - Thoracic aortography by means of a cannula inserted percutaneously into the
      common carotid artery.

PMID- 18138005
TI  - Case of sarcoma in irradiated mandible.

PMID- 18138007
TI  - Cysts of the nasal vestibule.

PMID- 18138008
TI  - Oncocytic cystadenoma of the larynx.

PMID- 18138006
TI  - A method for the quantitative roentgenological determination of the amount of
      calcium salts in bone tissue.

PMID- 18138009
TI  - Streptomycin in acute hematogenous mastoiditis due to Bacillus preteus.

PMID- 18138010
TI  - Frontal sinus infections; complications and management.

PMID- 18138011
TI  - The problem of the acoustic neuroma.

PMID- 18138013
TI  - Microradiography.

PMID- 18138012
TI  - Experiences of penicillin treatment in acute otitis media.

PMID- 18138014
TI  - Hereditary, multiple, diaphyseal sclerosis.

PMID- 18138015
TI  - The treatment of cancer of the vulva.

PMID- 18138017
TI  - Cancer of the vulva treated by radiation; an analysis of 127 cases.

PMID- 18138016
TI  - Radium implantation treatment of carcinoma vulva.

PMID- 18138022
TI  - A cassette holder for radiography in the wards.

PMID- 18138021
TI  - Angiocardiography in congenital heart disease.

PMID- 18138018
TI  - The radiological diagnosis of lipoma of the corpus callosum.

PMID- 18138019
TI  - Deossification in a lumbar transverse process.

PMID- 18138023
TI  - Spontaneous pneumothorax; a study of 105 cases.

PMID- 18138020
TI  - Haemosiderosis and dust reticulation of coal-miners; an interesting case report.

PMID- 18138025
TI  - Active bronchopulmonary lithiasis.

PMID- 18138027
TI  - Orthographic pelvimetry.

PMID- 18138028
TI  - Hydatid disease.

PMID- 18138024
TI  - Correlation between the roentgenologic and pathologic findings in chronic
      pneumonitis of the cholesterol type.

PMID- 18138026
TI  - Egg shell calcifications in silicosis.

PMID- 18138029
TI  - Arteriovenous aneurysm of the lung; a case report.

PMID- 18138030
TI  - Cauda equina syndrome due to silent rectal carcinoma.

PMID- 18138036
TI  - Adenoma of the bronchus; endoscopic treatment in selected cases.

PMID- 18138031
TI  - The role of the radiologist in mass chest X-ray survey.

PMID- 18138038
TI  - Lobectomy in coccidioidomycosis; report of two cases.

PMID- 18138034
TI  - Body section radiography and its use in demonstrating the lumbosacral
      articulation.

PMID- 18138032
TI  - This factor called voltage.

PMID- 18138033
TI  - A simple method of roentgen pelvimetry.

PMID- 18138037
TI  - Primary chondrosarcoma of the lung.

PMID- 18138035
TI  - Clinical experiences with the application of polythene cellophane upon the
      aneurysms of the thoracic vessels.

PMID- 18138039
TI  - Carcinoma of the esophagus; use of rigid indwelling esophageal tube.

PMID- 18138040
TI  - Mediastinal tumors of blood vascular origin.

PMID- 18138045
TI  - Relative effectiveness of parenteral, intratracheal, and aerosol penicillin in
      chronic suppurative disease of the lung.

PMID- 18138042
TI  - Use and abuse of bronchoscopy in allergic asthma.

PMID- 18138041
TI  - Mesenchymoma of the pleura; a case report.

PMID- 18138043
TI  - Bullous emphysema; case report.

PMID- 18138047
TI  - The effect of pneumonectomy on pulmonary function.

PMID- 18138044
TI  - A scale for rapid measurement of blood which is lost in surgical sponges.

PMID- 18138049
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138048
TI  - Lactation following thoracoplasty and pneumonectomy.

PMID- 18138050
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138046
TI  - Lipoid granuloma of the lung following bronchography with iodized oil.

PMID- 18138056
TI  - Epithelioma of the lower lip; evaluation of dissection of cervical lymph nodes.

PMID- 18138054
TI  - Treatment of the shock kidney.

PMID- 18138052
TI  - Origins of the national and regional surgical societies.

PMID- 18138051
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138053
TI  - Pharyngeal neurilemmomas of cranial nerve origin; medical displacement of the
      internal carotid artery as a diagnostic sign.

PMID- 18138058
TI  - Sterility and endometriosis.

PMID- 18138055
TI  - Transplantation of the spinal cord for paraplegia secondary to Pott's disease of
      the spinal column.

PMID- 18138057
TI  - Nonobstructive lateral portal vein-vena cava anastomosis; a clinical application
      of the Smith Freeman clamp.

PMID- 18138059
TI  - Surgical treatment of tricuspid atresia.

PMID- 18138060
TI  - An extravesical method for the relief of vesical occlusion.

PMID- 18138061
TI  - Surgical management of respiratory emergencies during the first few weeks of
      life.

PMID- 18138062
TI  - Surgical management of omphalocele.

PMID- 18138064
TI  - Experiences with islet cell tumors.

PMID- 18138065
TI  - Appendicitis; a 10 year survey, 1935 through 1944.

PMID- 18138066
TI  - Effect of distention on intestinal revascularization.

PMID- 18138063
TI  - A method for control of bleeding from esophageal varices.

PMID- 18138067
TI  - Observations in strangulation obstruction; the fate of sterile devascularized
      intestine in the peritoneal cavity.

PMID- 18138068
TI  - Use of an abdominal flap graft in construction of a permanent ileostomy.

PMID- 18138069
TI  - Varicosities of the lesser saphenous vein.

PMID- 18138070
TI  - Substitution of the urinary bladder with an isolated segment of sigmoid colon.

PMID- 18138071
TI  - Prompt postoperative activity after hernioplasty; its influence on incidence of
      complications and rate of recurrence.

PMID- 18138072
TI  - Prevention and management of thromboembolism.

PMID- 18138073
TI  - Early and late sequelae of therapeutic vein ligation for thrombosis of veins of
      lower limbs.

PMID- 18138074
TI  - Intravascular agglutination (sludged blood) vascular stasis and sedimentation
      rate of blood in trauma.

PMID- 18138075
TI  - Biopsy of diffuse pulmonary lesions.

PMID- 18138076
TI  - Use of polyethylene in extrapleural pneumonolysis.

PMID- 18138078
TI  - Surgical treatment of low back pain with sciatic radiation; preliminary report on
      346 cases.

PMID- 18138077
TI  - Intravenous administration of procaine hydrochloride during general anesthesia.

PMID- 18138079
TI  - Postoperative management of patients undergoing transthoracic gastroesophageal
      operations.

PMID- 18138080
TI  - Gangrenous perforation of the gallbladder; analysis of 19 cases.

PMID- 18138081
TI  - Adequate subtotal gastric resection for duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 18138082
TI  - Von Haberer-Finney gastrectomy with vagotomy.

PMID- 18138083
TI  - Precautions and results in gastrectomy.

PMID- 18138085
TI  - The age of reason.

PMID- 18138084
TI  - Differential diagnosis of jaundice in surgical practice.

PMID- 18138086
TI  - The intedigital pilonidal sinus.

PMID- 18138087
TI  - A case of hydatid of the liver presenting some unusual features.

PMID- 18138088
TI  - Interstitial cell tumours of the testis; the male sex hormone.

PMID- 18138089
TI  - Some points in the diagnosis of labyrinthine vertigo and a survey of methods of
      treatment, medical and surgical.

PMID- 18138091
TI  - Chemotherapy in intestinal surgery.

PMID- 18138090
TI  - The indications for inducing fusion at the ankle joint by operation; with
      description of two successful techniques.

PMID- 18138092
TI  - The treatment of fracture dislocation of the cervical spine by internal fixation.

PMID- 18138093
TI  - Recurrent meningitic infection through an old dural opening from a mastoid wound.

PMID- 18138094
TI  - Report of a case of a retrovesical polycystic tumour of probable prostatic
      origin.

PMID- 18138095
TI  - Cancer of the ovary; review of results on 100 cases.

PMID- 18138096
TI  - Electromyographic diagnosis of lower motor neuron disease.

PMID- 18138097
TI  - The influence of atropine on the effect of mecholyl ion transfer on the
      peripheral circulation in man.

PMID- 18138098
TI  - Physical medicine in amputations.

PMID- 18138099
TI  - Colonic irrigation.

PMID- 18138100
TI  - Impressions of physical medicine in the United States and Canada.

PMID- 18138101
TI  - Posture.

PMID- 18138102
TI  - Emotional factors in rheumatoid arthritis; their bearing on the care and
      rehabilitation of the patient.

PMID- 18138103
TI  - Physical therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18138104
TI  - Marie-Strumpell arthritis; with emphasis on a physical therapy regime.

PMID- 18138105
TI  - New horizons and new responsibilities for the physical therapist.

PMID- 18138106
TI  - Recent athletic injuries and their treatment.

PMID- 18138107
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138108
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138109
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138110
TI  - Accessory corpora lutea, lutein cell origin, and the ovarian cycle in the
      Canadian porcupine.

PMID- 18138111
TI  - Postnatal development and functional histology of the sebaceous glands in the
      rat.

PMID- 18138112
TI  - Odontome-like formations in a mutant strain of rats.

PMID- 18138113
TI  - Aortic-arch and cardiac anomalies in the offspring of vitamin A deficient rats.

PMID- 18138114
TI  - Compensatory hypertrophy of the kidney of the young rat with special emphasis on
      the role of cellular hyperplasia.

PMID- 18138115
TI  - The prenatal growth of the heart and the lungs in the dog.

PMID- 18138116
TI  - Narrowing of the second part of the subclavian artery.

PMID- 18138117
TI  - Demonstration of fibers in the decalcified bone matrix by enzymatic digestion.

PMID- 18138118
TI  - A method for radioautography of specimens composed of both hard and soft
      structures.

PMID- 18138119
TI  - Embryo-endometrial interrelationship in the rat and guinea pig.

PMID- 18138120
TI  - The distribution of alkaline phosphatase in the genital tract of male mammals.

PMID- 18138121
TI  - Saddle block spinal anesthesia in obstetrics, with special reference to the use
      of metycaine.

PMID- 18138122
TI  - On the pharmacology of myanesin, with particular reference to its intramuscular
      administration.

PMID- 18138123
TI  - Circulatory collapse following the combined use of pituitrin and pentothal.

PMID- 18138124
TI  - The effects of large doses of barbiturates and morphine and scopolamine on
      respiratory minute volume exchange.

PMID- 18138125
TI  - Protection against cyclopropane-epinephrine arrhythmias by dibenamine and other
      agents.

PMID- 18138126
TI  - Pulmonary function as affected by operative position.

PMID- 18138127
TI  - A study on the comparative depressant effects of hypnotic drugs, medomin, seconal
      and phenobarbital, on heart muscle and cardiac vagus nerve.

PMID- 18138128
TI  - Anesthetic problems in cardiac surgery in children.

PMID- 18138129
TI  - The physiology of the human cerebral circulation.

PMID- 18138130
TI  - An evaluation of hypobaric pontocaine for spinal anesthesia with a report of 200
      cases.

PMID- 18138131
TI  - The pharmacologic response to methylcyclobutane.

PMID- 18138132
TI  - Paralysis of the phrenic nerve during brachial plexus anesthesia.

PMID- 18138133
TI  - Intravenous procaine as an analgesic and therapeutic procedure in painful,
      chronic neuromusculoskeletal disorders.

PMID- 18138134
TI  - A panel for anesthesia equipment.

PMID- 18138135
TI  - Cart with nondetachable restraint strap.

PMID- 18138137
TI  - Adapter for use with gastrointestinal drainage tubes during inhalation
      anesthesia.

PMID- 18138136
TI  - Paralysis of the third and sixth cranial nerves following spinal anesthesia.

PMID- 18138138
TI  - Improved method for rapid replacement of blood.

PMID- 18138140
TI  - A simplified liquid culture medium for the growth of Hemophilus pertussis.

PMID- 18138142
TI  - Studies of the effect of para-aminobenzoic acid, folic acid, and sulfanilamide on
      dextran syntheses by leuconostoc.

PMID- 18138143
TI  - The uptake of C14 of carboxyl-labeled glycine into the protein of Torula utilis.

PMID- 18138144
TI  - The electron microscopy of heated bacteria.

PMID- 18138146
TI  - The relationship between growth and mutation in Pseudonomas fluorescens.

PMID- 18138147
TI  - The consequences of mutation during the growth of biochemical mutants of
      Escherichia coli; the inhibition of histidine-independent bacteria by
      histidineless bacteria in unshaken cultures.

PMID- 18138148
TI  - The consequences of mutation during the growth of biochemical mutants of
      Escherichia coli; the inhibition of histidine-independent bacteria by
      histidineless bacteria in aerated cultures.

PMID- 18138149
TI  - The consequences of mutation during the growth of biochemical mutants of
      Escherichia coli; the mechanism of inhibition of histidine-independent bacteria
      by histidineless bacteria.

PMID- 18138157
TI  - Flagellation of certain species of Pseudomonas as seen with the electron
      microscope.

PMID- 18138158
TI  - The biological assay of penicillin by a modified plate method.

PMID- 18138159
TI  - The relationship of the aluminium phosphate precipitation of organisms of
      Haemophilus pertussis strains to their other biological properties.

PMID- 18138160
TI  - Differentiation of the vegetative and sporogenous phases of the actinomycetes;
      the partially acid-fast proactinomycetes.

PMID- 18138161
TI  - The assimilation of amino-acids by bacteria; trace metals in glutamic acid
      assimilation and their inactivation by 8-hydroxyquinoline.

PMID- 18138162
TI  - A note on the relative dissociation constants of some metal-oxine complexes.

PMID- 18138163
TI  - The relationship of certain branched bacterial genera.

PMID- 18138164
TI  - The toxicity of small concentrations of cystine to acid-producing bacteria.

PMID- 18138165
TI  - The synthesis of polysaccharides by bacteria isolated from soil.

PMID- 18138166
TI  - Antibiotics produced by Bacillus licheniformis; a practical chemically defined
      medium for production of licheniformin.

PMID- 18138167
TI  - The effect of magnesium on the growth and cell division of various bacterial
      species in complex media.

PMID- 18138168
TI  - The influence of magnesium on cell division; the effect of magnesium on the
      growth of bacteria in simple chemically defined media.

PMID- 18138169
TI  - Bacillus polymyxa and its bacteriophages.

PMID- 18138170
TI  - International bacteriological code of nomenclature.

PMID- 18138171
TI  - Growth inhibitory effect on Shigella dysenteriae which occurs with some batches
      of nutrient agar and is associated with the production of peroxide.

PMID- 18138172
TI  - The formation of CO2 and acetoin from pyruvate by Lactobacillus plantarum.

PMID- 18138173
TI  - A comparative study of the nutrition requirements of the genus Bacillus.

PMID- 18138174
TI  - The assay of nisin.

PMID- 18138175
TI  - The production of ammonia by Corynebacterium renale.

PMID- 18138176
TI  - Tetrathionase; some factors influencing the rate of adaptive enzyme formation by
      washed bacterial suspensions.

PMID- 18138177
TI  - The life cycle of Leptorhynchoides thecatus (Linton) an acanthocephalan of fish.

PMID- 18138178
TI  - Experimental studies on the specificity of skin tests for the diagnosis of
      schistosomiasis.

PMID- 18138179
TI  - Tracheation in chiggers with special reference to Acomatacarus arizonensis Ewing
      (Acarina, Trombiculidae).

PMID- 18138180
TI  - Observations on Phyllodistomum lohrenzi (Loewen, 1935) (Trematoda: Gorgoderidae).

PMID- 18138181
TI  - Influence of some potential molluscacides on the oxygen consumption of
      Australorbis glabratus.

PMID- 18138182
TI  - Cuterebra thomomuris sp. nov., a warble from the pocket gopher, Thomomys
      talpoides (Rodentia:Geomyidae).

PMID- 18138183
TI  - The effects of larval pollution density on some laboratory characteristics of
      Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say.

PMID- 18138184
TI  - Description of the male of Cosmolaelaps gurabensis Fox (Acarina, Laelaptidae).

PMID- 18138185
TI  - The acanthocephalan genus Neoechinorhynchus in the catostomid fishes of North
      America, with descriptions of two new species.

PMID- 18138186
TI  - The life history of Postharmostomum helicis (Leidy, 1847) n. comb.
      (Trematoda:Brachylaemidae).

PMID- 18138187
TI  - Description of some species of Rhabdochona (Nematoda:Thelaziidae).

PMID- 18138188
TI  - The occurrence of Contracaecum travassosi (Nematoda) in North America.

PMID- 18138189
TI  - Notes on the course of a pinworm infection.

PMID- 18138190
TI  - Heterakis gallinarum (Schrank, 1788) nec Heterakis gallinae (Gmelin, 1790).

PMID- 18138191
TI  - The occurrence of bat malaria in the New Hebrides and Philippine Islands.

PMID- 18138192
TI  - A new host for Platynosomum fastosum Kossack, 1910 (Trematoda, Dicrocoeliidae).

PMID- 18138193
TI  - Vaginal sphincter, organ of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786).

PMID- 18138194
TI  - Time of evaluation and the dosage-response curve.

PMID- 18138195
TI  - Prehatiching treatment of irrigated lands with DDT, dichlorodiphenyl
      dichloroethane, and gammabenzene hexachloride for control of flood water
      mosquitoes.

PMID- 18138196
TI  - Deposition of aerosol particles.

PMID- 18138197
TI  - Residual action of low vapour pressure fumigants.

PMID- 18138198
TI  - Factors involved in influenza haemagglutination reaction.

PMID- 18138199
TI  - Associated facial and intracranial hemangiomas.

PMID- 18138200
TI  - Cooley's erythroblastic anemia in a Negro girl.

PMID- 18138201
TI  - A case of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia; Albright's syndrome.

PMID- 18138202
TI  - Comparative toxicity to certain insects of DDT, its bromine and fluorine analogs,
      and gamma benzene hexachloride.

PMID- 18138203
TI  - Phytotoxicity and off-quality of vegetables grown in soil treated with
      insecticides.

PMID- 18138205
TI  - Field tests of insecticides and spraying methods to control horn flies in dairy
      herds.

PMID- 18138204
TI  - Effect of insecticides on the flavor of peaches, 1948.

PMID- 18138206
TI  - The more effective mosquito repellents tested at the Orlando, Fla., laboratory,
      1942-47.

PMID- 18138207
TI  - Habits and control of the black widow spider.

PMID- 18138208
TI  - The DDT content of milk from a cow sprayed with DDT.

PMID- 18138209
TI  - The entomologist and the international health program.

PMID- 18138210
TI  - Physiological action of eye color mutants in the moths Ephestia kuhniella and
      Ptychopoda seriata.

PMID- 18138211
TI  - The riddle of man's ancestry.

PMID- 18138212
TI  - Lipids of the carcass, blood plasma, and adrenals of the rat in cancer.

PMID- 18138213
TI  - The serum polysaccharide level in malignancy and in other pathological
      conditions.

PMID- 18138214
TI  - Effect of tubercle bacilli extracts on induced tumors of the rat.

PMID- 18138215
TI  - Experimental production of endometrial polyps in the guinea pig.

PMID- 18138216
TI  - Studies on lymphocystis tumor cells of fish; the osmiophilic granules of the
      cytoplasmic inclusions and their interpretation as elementary bodies of the
      lymphocystis virus.

PMID- 18138217
TI  - The systolic gallop rhythm.

PMID- 18138218
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138219
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138220
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138221
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138222
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138223
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138224
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138225
TI  - Hippuric acid synthesis as a liver function test.

PMID- 18138226
TI  - Specificity of choline-esterase.

PMID- 18138227
TI  - Influence of temperature and irradiation on the activity of choline-esterase.

PMID- 18138228
TI  - Studies on choline-esterase; optimum pH and stability in relation to pH.

PMID- 18138229
TI  - On the assay of liver extracts.

PMID- 18138230
TI  - Oxalic acid as an extractant of ascorbic acid from plant materials and its effect
      on the stability of ascorbic acid.

PMID- 18138231
TI  - Copper content of some Indian foodstuffs.

PMID- 18138232
TI  - Some lessons of the vascular system.

PMID- 18138233
TI  - The recognition and treatment of some inflammatory conditions of the gingival
      tissues.

PMID- 18138234
TI  - Why dental standards?

PMID- 18138235
TI  - Tumors of the mouth and jaws.

PMID- 18138236
TI  - Diseases of the tongue.

PMID- 18138238
TI  - Maxillary fractures.

PMID- 18138237
TI  - Cyst of doubtful etiology.

PMID- 18138239
TI  - The role of prevention of periodontia.

PMID- 18138240
TI  - Construction of a gunning splint; case report on the handling of mandibular
      fractures in edentulous patients.

PMID- 18138241
TI  - Acrylic and gold; engineered fixed bridgework.

PMID- 18138242
TI  - Uses of the lactobacillus count in private dental practice.

PMID- 18138243
TI  - Case report; prophylactic use of heparin and gelofoam in migratory
      thrombophlebitis.

PMID- 18138244
TI  - The bite and articulation.

PMID- 18138245
TI  - The seven minimum essentials for tooth removal operations.

PMID- 18138246
TI  - The Lactobacillus acidophilus count as an aid to caries control.

PMID- 18138247
TI  - Pulp response to a self-curing acrylic filling material.

PMID- 18138248
TI  - The history and progress of dentistry.

PMID- 18138249
TI  - Chlorine, cause of dental caries?

PMID- 18138250
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138251
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138252
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138253
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138254
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138255
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138256
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138257
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138258
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138259
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138260
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138261
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138262
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138263
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138264
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138266
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138265
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138267
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138268
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138269
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138270
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138271
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138272
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138273
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138274
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138275
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138276
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138277
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138278
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138279
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138280
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138281
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138282
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138283
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138284
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138285
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138286
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138287
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138288
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138289
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138290
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138291
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138292
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138293
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138294
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138295
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138296
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138297
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138298
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138299
TI  - The effect of the age of serum samples and of alimentary lipemia on the thymol
      turbidity test.

PMID- 18138300
TI  - The determination of Rh-Hr (CDE-cde) antigens and antibodies.

PMID- 18138301
TI  - Hints in the care of Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 18138302
TI  - Parasites transmitted from animals to man.

PMID- 18138304
TI  - Studies on hypersensitivity of penicillin; incidence of reactions in 1303
      patients.

PMID- 18138307
TI  - A new linear diffusion method for the microbiological assay of streptomycin and
      dihydrostreptomycin.

PMID- 18138309
TI  - Investigations on the streptomycins.

PMID- 18138310
TI  - The effect of streptomycin derivatives on streptomycin-dependent and -resistant
      strains of bacteria.

PMID- 18138311
TI  - The development of resistance of Salmonella typhosa to the fatty acid salts of
      streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin.

PMID- 18138318
TI  - The partial purification and properties of antibiotic substances from the sweet
      potato plant (Ipomoea batatas).

PMID- 18138319
TI  - The partial purification and properties of antibiotic substances from the banana
      (Musa sapientum).

PMID- 18138320
TI  - Antibiotic studies on an extract from Leptotaenia multifeda.

PMID- 18138322
TI  - Lupulon and humulon, antibiotic constituents of hops.

PMID- 18138323
TI  - The occurrence of antibacterial substances active against Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis in seed plants.

PMID- 18138325
TI  - The antifungal activity of antibiotic XG.

PMID- 18138327
TI  - Diffusion plate assay for chloramphenicol and aureomycin.

PMID- 18138328
TI  - Chloramphenicol an antibiotic; pharmacological and pathological studies in
      animals.

PMID- 18138329
TI  - Susceptibility of micro-organisms to chloramphenicol.

PMID- 18138330
TI  - Preliminary report on the use of chloramphenicol in the treatment of acute
      gonorrheal urethritis.

PMID- 18138331
TI  - The beneficial effect of chloromycetin in brucellosis.

PMID- 18138333
TI  - The concentration of aureomycin in urine and cerebrospinal, pleural and ascitic
      fluids after oral and intravenous administration.

PMID- 18138335
TI  - Further experiences with intravenous aureomycin therapy; a study of 116 cases.

PMID- 18138337
TI  - A comparative study of the renal damage produced in mice by various lots of
      bacitracin.

PMID- 18138338
TI  - Chemical studies on polymyxin B.

PMID- 18138339
TI  - Laboratory and clinical studies of polymyxin B and E.

PMID- 18138341
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138342
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138343
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138344
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138345
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138346
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138347
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138348
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138349
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138350
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138351
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138352
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138353
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138354
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138356
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138355
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138357
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138358
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138359
TI  - The iodine content of fruits and vegetables.

PMID- 18138360
TI  - The present state of the problem of the Keimbahn in the vertebrates.

PMID- 18138361
TI  - Rapid swelling and deswelling of reversible gels of polymeric acids by
      ionization.

PMID- 18138362
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138363
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138364
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138365
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138366
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138367
TI  - The speed of consumption of prothrombin and of inactivation of thrombin in human
      native plasma.

PMID- 18138368
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138369
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138370
TI  - Diabetes renalis in diabete mellito and the sugar-proof kidney.

PMID- 18138371
TI  - The multiplicity of lipolytic enzyme systems.

PMID- 18138372
TI  - [The nucleic acid of bacteria].

PMID- 18138373
TI  - [Ultracentrifuge].

PMID- 18138374
TI  - [A new method of making infrared photographs].

PMID- 18138375
TI  - A study of attitudes.

PMID- 18138376
TI  - The susceptibility of some potato varieties to common scab (Actinomyces scabies
      Thaxt. Gussow) in different soils.

PMID- 18138377
TI  - Thermoregulation in reptiles; a factor in evolution.

PMID- 18138378
TI  - Selection of an unfavourable gene-complex.

PMID- 18138379
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138380
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138381
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138382
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138383
TI  - Autoclave test of glass containers with acid test liquid.

PMID- 18138384
TI  - The last surge of the nautiloid cephalopods.

PMID- 18138385
TI  - Cytological evidence on the phylogeny and classification of the Diptera.

PMID- 18138386
TI  - The selection index and its test of significance.

PMID- 18138387
TI  - The two varieties of Drosophila montium.

PMID- 18138388
TI  - Endocrine treatment of alcoholism.

PMID- 18138389
TI  - Old age.

PMID- 18138390
TI  - The use of digitalis in the aged.

PMID- 18138391
TI  - Sickle-cell anemia in patients over 45; report of two cases.

PMID- 18138392
TI  - Priscoline and arteriosclerotic peripheral vascular disease.

PMID- 18138393
TI  - [Periodical gynecological examinations in cancer control].

PMID- 18138394
TI  - [First results in prevention of cancer of the genital tract in women].

PMID- 18138395
TI  - [Early diagnosis of cancer of the uterine cervix by means of periodical
      examinations].

PMID- 18138396
TI  - [Control of patients with cancer of the cervix, treated with radium and roentgen
      rays].

PMID- 18138397
TI  - [Microscopic diagnosis of cervical cancer by tissue preparation and vaginal
      smears].

PMID- 18138398
TI  - [Uterine sarcoma].

PMID- 18138399
TI  - [Technique of extensive abdominal operation in cervical cancer].

PMID- 18138400
TI  - [Radiotherapy in neglected cases of cervical cancer].

PMID- 18138401
TI  - [Treatment of benign uterine tumors with the Soviet preparation; radium
      mesotorium].

PMID- 18138402
TI  - [Diathermosurgery in certain pathological states of the uterine cervix].

PMID- 18138403
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138404
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138405
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138406
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138407
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138408
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138409
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138410
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138411
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138412
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138413
TI  - PARATHION a toxic insecticide, can be used with precautions.

PMID- 18138414
TI  - Carbon tetrachloride causes two deaths in industry.

PMID- 18138415
TI  - WORKERS complain of effects from lights.

PMID- 18138416
TI  - Here's how to zero the Davis micro gas analyzer in a contaminated atmosphere.

PMID- 18138417
TI  - Fractures in osteitis deformans Paget and calcium metabolism.

PMID- 18138418
TI  - Antileucopenic tolerance of rabbits with antibody formation in the course of
      treatment with typhoid vaccine.

PMID- 18138419
TI  - A note on the clinical effectiveness of the newer antibiotics.

PMID- 18138420
TI  - Congenital subluxation of the shoulder with snapping.

PMID- 18138422
TI  - Frigidity.

PMID- 18138421
TI  - The use of large doses of progesterone in rhumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18138423
TI  - Recent advances in the management of diseases of the liver.

PMID- 18138424
TI  - Indications for splenectomy.

PMID- 18138425
TI  - Isotopes in biology and medicine; uses and radiation hazards.

PMID- 18138426
TI  - Asthma due to halogens.

PMID- 18138427
TI  - Osteoarthropathy.

PMID- 18138428
TI  - Treatment of typhoid fever.

PMID- 18138429
TI  - Rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 18138430
TI  - Scabies; observations on the treatment of.

PMID- 18138431
TI  - The eye and its care.

PMID- 18138432
TI  - Transverse fractures of the neck of the femur treated with the Smith-Peterson
      nail; case report.

PMID- 18138433
TI  - Some observations on amoebic hepatitis.

PMID- 18138434
TI  - A case of intestinal tuberculosis treated with streptomycin.

PMID- 18138435
TI  - An unusual case of thread worms.

PMID- 18138436
TI  - Gastroscopic and histologic appearance of the gastric mucosa before and after
      vagotomy for peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18138437
TI  - Hysterical type of nongaseous abdominal bloating.

PMID- 18138438
TI  - Traumatic coronary thrombosis with myocardial infarction; postmortem study.

PMID- 18138439
TI  - Chronic nonleukemic myelosis; report of six cases.

PMID- 18138440
TI  - Chronic ulcerative colitis and carcinoma.

PMID- 18138441
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138442
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138443
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138444
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138445
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138446
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138447
TI  - The surgery of pulmonary stenosis.

PMID- 18138448
TI  - Some aspects of poliomyelitis in New Zealand.

PMID- 18138449
TI  - Intractable pain.

PMID- 18138450
TI  - Mikulicz's syndrome.

PMID- 18138451
TI  - Methyl n-propyl ether.

PMID- 18138452
TI  - Bilateral hydrosalpinx with torsion of both tubes.

PMID- 18138453
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the stomach.

PMID- 18138454
TI  - Streptomycin treatment of septicaemia and meningitis due to intestinal organisms
      in infants.

PMID- 18138455
TI  - Streptomycin treatment of infantile diarrhoea and vomiting.

PMID- 18138456
TI  - The aetiology of gravitational ulcers of the leg.

PMID- 18138457
TI  - Tetraethylthiuramdisulphide in the treatment of alcoholics.

PMID- 18138458
TI  - Familial periodic paralysis; report of a case.

PMID- 18138459
TI  - Some presenting symptoms of carcinoma of the bronchus.

PMID- 18138460
TI  - Splint to control dorsal subluxation of proximal interphalangeal joints of
      fingers.

PMID- 18138461
TI  - Uterine antevertor.

PMID- 18138462
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138463
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138464
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138465
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138466
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138467
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138468
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138469
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138470
TI  - Fractures of the skull.

PMID- 18138471
TI  - Diagnosis of testicular tumors.

PMID- 18138472
TI  - Present status of electric shock therapy.

PMID- 18138474
TI  - Psychiatric perspectives of today.

PMID- 18138473
TI  - Concerning voluntary and involuntary movements; the role of cortico-spinal and
      subcortico-spinal mechanisms with a concept as to the origin of movements.

PMID- 18138475
TI  - HOSPITALIZATION of veterans.

PMID- 18138476
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138477
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138478
TI  - [Chemical carcinogenesis].

PMID- 18138479
TI  - [Paroxysmal auricular fibrillation].

PMID- 18138480
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138481
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138482
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138483
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138484
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138485
TI  - [Hypertensin and hypertensionogen amount of the blood of patients with renal
      hypertension].

PMID- 18138486
TI  - [Oedema of the lower extremities].

PMID- 18138487
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138488
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138489
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138490
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138491
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138492
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138493
TI  - [Injuries among farm workers and their prevention].

PMID- 18138494
TI  - [Prevention of trauma in miners].

PMID- 18138495
TI  - [Injuries of the scalp].

PMID- 18138496
TI  - [Psychotherapy].

PMID- 18138497
TI  - [Sunand heat stroke].

PMID- 18138498
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138499
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138500
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138501
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138502
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138503
TI  - Lessons learned in the Effingham Hospital fire.

PMID- 18138504
TI  - Acute appendicitis with perforation; a review of the literature.

PMID- 18138505
TI  - The battle for survival.

PMID- 18138506
TI  - Antenatal thrombosis.

PMID- 18138507
TI  - Acute hydramnios.

PMID- 18138508
TI  - Multiple myeloma of bones.

PMID- 18138509
TI  - Diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18138510
TI  - Bulbar poliomyelitis; favorable results in its treatment as a problem in
      respiratory obstruction.

PMID- 18138511
TI  - The control of polycythemia by marrow inhibition; a 10-year study of 172
      patients.

PMID- 18138512
TI  - The effect of antihistaminic drugs on convulsive seizures.

PMID- 18138513
TI  - Loeffler's syndrome; occurrence in two patients treated with penicillin in oil
      and wax.

PMID- 18138514
TI  - Refractory amebic abscess of the liver treated with chloroquine.

PMID- 18138515
TI  - The one-hour rat ovary hyperemia pregnancy test with synergist.

PMID- 18138516
TI  - Treatment of myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 18138517
TI  - The prepsychotic and early psychotic; see the family physician or internist
      first.

PMID- 18138518
TI  - Healed subacute bacterial endocarditis; a new entity.

PMID- 18138519
TI  - Renal failure associated with low extracellular sodium chloride; the low salt
      syndrome.

PMID- 18138520
TI  - The general management of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18138521
TI  - Foreign body in the breast.

PMID- 18138522
TI  - Eberthella typhosa infection of arteriovenous aneurysm cured by excision.

PMID- 18138523
TI  - The treatment of acute typhoid fever with chloromycetin.

PMID- 18138524
TI  - Agranulocytosis following the use of pyrithyldione; results of diagnostic test.

PMID- 18138525
TI  - Treatment of a case of endemic typhus with chloromycetin.

PMID- 18138526
TI  - Hematuria; its clinical significance.

PMID- 18138527
TI  - The treatment of thoracic and abdominal aneurysms of syphilitic and
      arteriosclerotic origin; preliminary report.

PMID- 18138528
TI  - Treatment of Friedlander's pneumonia with streptomycin; report of a case.

PMID- 18138529
TI  - Chronic and recurrent infectious hepatitis; its relationship to cirrhosis of the
      liver.

PMID- 18138530
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 18138531
TI  - Public health vs individual responsibility.

PMID- 18138532
TI  - Saddle block anesthesia in obstetrics.

PMID- 18138533
TI  - Urological complications in obstetrical practice.

PMID- 18138534
TI  - Diagnostic problems of poliomyelitis in children.

PMID- 18138535
TI  - Sporotrichosis.

PMID- 18138537
TI  - Tendon sheath involvement in rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 18138536
TI  - Toxic reaction to streptomycin.

PMID- 18138538
TI  - Post-spinal headache; treatment with desoxycorticosterone acetate.

PMID- 18138539
TI  - Dermatitis herpetiformis; report of two cases in children treated with
      aureomycin.

PMID- 18138540
TI  - Surgery of the gall bladder and bile ducts; a report of 975 cases.

PMID- 18138541
TI  - Malignant disease of the larynx.

PMID- 18138542
TI  - Acute appendicitis with perforation; a review of 33 cases.

PMID- 18138544
TI  - Anesthesia for the cardiac patient.

PMID- 18138543
TI  - Epidemic diarrhea of the newborn.

PMID- 18138545
TI  - State aid; the enigma of hospital administration.

PMID- 18138546
TI  - Why medical records?

PMID- 18138547
TI  - The problem of the unmarried mother.

PMID- 18138548
TI  - [Human infestation by Strongyloides stercoralis in Portuguese territory; notes of
      54 autochthonous cases metropolis].

PMID- 18138549
TI  - Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in children; diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 18138550
TI  - Group A streptococcal infections and rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18138552
TI  - Public health and the private physician.

PMID- 18138551
TI  - The physician and community action for rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18138553
TI  - New trends in the treatment of allergic diseases.

PMID- 18138554
TI  - X-ray diagnosis in pediatrics.

PMID- 18138555
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the fundus uteri.

PMID- 18138556
TI  - The practical uses of physical medicine.

PMID- 18138557
TI  - Importance of preoperative preparation of the patient in surgery of the colon.

PMID- 18138558
TI  - Political socio-economic problems.

PMID- 18138560
TI  - A clinical and pathological study of pigmented tumors.

PMID- 18138559
TI  - Freud's theories insulting to modern medicine.

PMID- 18138561
TI  - Technical procedures in the management of diseases involving the sinuses.

PMID- 18138562
TI  - The management of your patients with eye problems.

PMID- 18138563
TI  - The management of anuria.

PMID- 18138564
TI  - Fibroma of stomach.

PMID- 18138565
TI  - Fibrosarcoma of helix of right ear.

PMID- 18138566
TI  - Liposarcoma of neck.

PMID- 18138567
TI  - Cloudiness in liquid petrolatum sprays.

PMID- 18138568
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138569
TI  - Serum phosphatase after hepatectomy in dogs.

PMID- 18138570
TI  - Paget's disease of the nipple.

PMID- 18138571
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138572
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138573
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138574
TI  - The doctor in his relationship to his community.

PMID- 18138575
TI  - Cancer of uterus.

PMID- 18138577
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138576
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138578
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138579
TI  - [Clinical aspects and treatment of bacillary dysentery].

PMID- 18138580
TI  - [Effect of burns on the organism].

PMID- 18138581
TI  - [Cooperation of clinics and polyclinics].

PMID- 18138582
TI  - [Clinical aspect of hemorrhagic diathesis in Bukovina].

PMID- 18138583
TI  - [Listerella infection in man].

PMID- 18138584
TI  - [Level of prothrombin in the blood in functional test of the liver].

PMID- 18138585
TI  - [Hypoprothrombinemia and vitamin D in treatment of internal diseases].

PMID- 18138586
TI  - [Pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of hemolytic anemia in relation to
      splenectomy].

PMID- 18138588
TI  - [Clinical significance of mercuric bichloride sedimentation reaction as a method
      of functional examination of the liver].

PMID- 18138587
TI  - [Effect of the Soviet preparation of calcium ascorbate of the permeability and
      vitamin C metabolism].

PMID- 18138589
TI  - [Hemolytic anemia with nocturnal hemoglobinuria].

PMID- 18138590
TI  - [Ascarides of Meckel's diverticulum, having caused intestinal obstruction].

PMID- 18138591
TI  - Massive hemorrhage in ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 18138592
TI  - Essential features for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma; report of a case.

PMID- 18138593
TI  - Bone bank fundamentals a preliminary report.

PMID- 18138594
TI  - The psychiatric aspects of hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 18138595
TI  - Opportunity for adventure.

PMID- 18138596
TI  - Contribution of the employment history to clinical diagnosis.

PMID- 18138597
TI  - Teaching of pharmacology in the U.S.A.

PMID- 18138598
TI  - The membership.

PMID- 18138599
TI  - Pardoy's disease.

PMID- 18138600
TI  - [An interesting case of psammoma with symptoms suggesting an arachnoiditis in the
      posterior cranial cavity].

PMID- 18138601
TI  - [Some current problems in children's mental hygiene].

PMID- 18138602
TI  - [The influence of anaesthetized and removed carotid sinus on myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 18138603
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138604
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138605
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138606
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138607
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138608
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138609
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138610
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138611
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138612
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138613
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138614
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138615
TI  - The use of aerosporin (polymyxin B) in specific and nonspecific enteritis in
      infants and children.

PMID- 18138617
TI  - An influenza A epidemic, 1947.

PMID- 18138616
TI  - Cancer of the colon and rectum; a clinical study of 200 cases at the time of
      diagnosis.

PMID- 18138618
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138619
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138620
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138621
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138622
TI  - The prothrombin test in clinical medicine.

PMID- 18138623
TI  - Industrial dermatitis.

PMID- 18138624
TI  - A brief review of industrial dermatoses in Western Australia.

PMID- 18138625
TI  - Recent experiences in London on the use of physical medicine in arthritis.

PMID- 18138626
TI  - Morbilli bullosi.

PMID- 18138627
TI  - Chronic nephritis in a child of 12.

PMID- 18138628
TI  - Paget's disease of bone.

PMID- 18138629
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138630
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138631
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138632
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138633
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138634
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138635
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138636
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138637
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138638
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138639
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138640
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138641
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138643
TI  - Ophthalmology 110 years ago.

PMID- 18138642
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138644
TI  - The diagnosis and modern treatment of peritonitis in children.

PMID- 18138645
TI  - The criteria of cure in pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18138646
TI  - Osteoarthritis in general practice.

PMID- 18138647
TI  - [Problems in tuberculosis control in Soviet Russia].

PMID- 18138648
TI  - [Can pneum. tbc. be cured?].

PMID- 18138649
TI  - [Early symptoms and treatment osteoarticular tuberculosis].

PMID- 18138650
TI  - [Care of patients during the postoperative period].

PMID- 18138651
TI  - [Paraffin therapy].

PMID- 18138652
TI  - [Technique in administration of penicillin].

PMID- 18138653
TI  - [Influenza in children and its treatment].

PMID- 18138654
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the membranes during labour; its diagnostic significance.

PMID- 18138655
TI  - Hydrocele.

PMID- 18138656
TI  - The importance of being sadistic.

PMID- 18138657
TI  - Enlarged prostate.

PMID- 18138658
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138659
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138660
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138661
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138662
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138663
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138664
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138665
TI  - Treatment of certain irreducible congenital dislocations of the hip in infants.

PMID- 18138666
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138667
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138668
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138669
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138670
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138671
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138672
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138673
TI  - Complete acromioclavicular dislocation.

PMID- 18138674
TI  - Nocardiosis; pneumonia and empyema due to Nocardia asteroides.

PMID- 18138676
TI  - Clinical observations concerning schizophrenic patients treated by prefrontal
      leukotomy.

PMID- 18138675
TI  - Orthoxine in bronchial asthma; a clinical evaluation.

PMID- 18138677
TI  - Ecfoliative cytology.

PMID- 18138679
TI  - Identification of bloodstains.

PMID- 18138678
TI  - Malignant lymphoma, Hodgkin's type.

PMID- 18138680
TI  - Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum).

PMID- 18138681
TI  - Mumps complicated by a preceding myelitis; report of a fatal case.

PMID- 18138683
TI  - Psychiatry.

PMID- 18138682
TI  - Medical treatment of acute pulmonary abscess.

PMID- 18138684
TI  - The training of physicians.

PMID- 18138685
TI  - Intravenous procaine therapy.

PMID- 18138686
TI  - Local anaesthesia in general surgery.

PMID- 18138687
TI  - Observations on diseases among British prisoners of war in Japanese hands in the
      Far East, 1942-1945.

PMID- 18138688
TI  - Vomiting in infancy.

PMID- 18138689
TI  - Poisoning by vegetable laxative pills.

PMID- 18138690
TI  - Fractures of the carpal scaphoid bone.

PMID- 18138691
TI  - A new conception in the treatment of oesophageal, gastric and duodenal lesions.

PMID- 18138692
TI  - Pain charts; a description of a technique whereby functional pain may be
      diagnosed from organic pain.

PMID- 18138693
TI  - The sinu-vertebral nerve.

PMID- 18138694
TI  - Recurrence of cancer of the breast.

PMID- 18138695
TI  - Skin in the repair of herniae.

PMID- 18138696
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138697
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138698
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138699
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138700
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138701
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138704
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138702
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138705
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138706
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138707
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138708
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138709
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138710
TI  - Alveolectomy.

PMID- 18138711
TI  - Plastic surgery; four case reports.

PMID- 18138712
TI  - Tumors of the nasopharynx.

PMID- 18138713
TI  - Pregnancy complicated by regional ileitis.

PMID- 18138714
TI  - Common eye injuries.

PMID- 18138715
TI  - Rehabilitation in small communities.

PMID- 18138716
TI  - The differential diagnosis of important lesions of the optic disc.

PMID- 18138717
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138718
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138719
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138720
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138721
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138722
TI  - Maligne Tumoren im Kindesalter.

PMID- 18138723
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138724
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138725
TI  - [Present day concept of eczema].

PMID- 18138726
TI  - [History of midwifery].

PMID- 18138727
TI  - [Importance of the respiratory reserves in the function of the lungs].

PMID- 18138728
TI  - [Milk bank].

PMID- 18138729
TI  - [Toxicity of sodium citrate].

PMID- 18138730
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138731
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138732
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138733
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138734
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138735
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138736
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138737
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138738
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138741
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138742
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138743
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138744
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138745
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138746
TI  - A new drug in the treatment of radiation sickness.

PMID- 18138747
TI  - Treatment of adults for epilepsy; toxic effect of 3-methyl 5-5
      phenylethylhydantoin.

PMID- 18138748
TI  - Treatment of adults for epilepsy; general principles.

PMID- 18138749
TI  - Myocardial disease in acute poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18138750
TI  - Lupus vulgaris, resistant to calciferol; treated with streptomycin and
      calciferol.

PMID- 18138751
TI  - Werner's syndrome.

PMID- 18138752
TI  - Nerve root involvement in vertebral arthritis.

PMID- 18138753
TI  - The neurological manifestations of the rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 18138754
TI  - The effect of di-isopropyl fluorophosphonate upon the electrocardiogram of the
      isolated rabbit heart.

PMID- 18138755
TI  - Some aspects of electrodiagnosis and electrotherapy in the Royal Air Force.

PMID- 18138756
TI  - Clinical electromyography in the Royal Air Force.

PMID- 18138757
TI  - Osteotomy of the spine in the treatment of severe dorsal kyphosis; four cases.

PMID- 18138758
TI  - Comminuted fracture-dislocation of the shoulder; result 7 years after excision of
      fragments and treatment on abduction splint.

PMID- 18138759
TI  - Traumatic genu recurvatum.

PMID- 18138760
TI  - Neuropathic joint showing a fracture of the lower end of the right femur and
      internal condyle of the right tibia both involving the knee-joint.

PMID- 18138761
TI  - Spondylolisthesis with bilateral drop foot.

PMID- 18138762
TI  - Traumatic changes in the brain after spontaneous delivery at full term.

PMID- 18138763
TI  - The quantitative comparison of histamine antagonists in man.

PMID- 18138764
TI  - The experimental evidence for the use of antihistamine drugs in allergic
      conditions.

PMID- 18138765
TI  - Antihistamines in bronchial asthma.

PMID- 18138766
TI  - Discussion on planning a paediatric unit in an undergraduate teaching hospital;
      with a training school for nurses.

PMID- 18138767
TI  - A pattern of disease in infancy; based on 2,306 hospital admissions in the years
      1946-48 inclusive.

PMID- 18138768
TI  - Functional regeneration of spinal nerve roots.

PMID- 18138769
TI  - Fires and explosions in the operating room.

PMID- 18138770
TI  - Ringworm of the scalp.

PMID- 18138771
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138772
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138773
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138774
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138775
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138776
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138777
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138779
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138778
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138781
TI  - Diagnostic techniques for children with cerebral palsy.

PMID- 18138780
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138782
TI  - STUDY of child health services in Rhode Island.

PMID- 18138783
TI  - Mid-thigh amputation; a description of the technique.

PMID- 18138784
TI  - Stereoscopic vision; perception of movement and gestalt psychology.

PMID- 18138785
TI  - Peptic ulcers; recent contributions to pathogenesis and treatment.

PMID- 18138786
TI  - Government health centers in the Union of South Africa.

PMID- 18138787
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy; a clinico-pathological review.

PMID- 18138788
TI  - Secondary abdominal pregnancy; its diagnosis.

PMID- 18138790
TI  - The chronic sick problem.

PMID- 18138789
TI  - Pregnancy complicated by fibromyoma and hypertension; a case report and a
      discussion.

PMID- 18138791
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138793
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138792
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138794
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138795
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138796
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138797
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138798
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138799
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138800
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138801
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138802
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138803
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138804
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138805
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138806
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138808
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138807
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138809
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138810
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138811
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138812
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138813
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138814
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138815
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138816
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138817
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138818
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138819
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138820
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138821
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138822
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138823
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138824
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138825
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138826
TI  - Incontinence of urine.

PMID- 18138827
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138829
TI  - Penicillin snuff in the treatment of the common cold.

PMID- 18138828
TI  - The effects of tobacco smoking on gastric motility in patients with duodenal
      ulcer.

PMID- 18138830
TI  - The medical systems of Denmark and Sweden.

PMID- 18138831
TI  - Typhoid fever in Goppingen, Germany.

PMID- 18138832
TI  - Hypopituitarism.

PMID- 18138833
TI  - Recurrent intussusception caused by Meckel's diverticulum.

PMID- 18138834
TI  - Thoracic inlet tumor (Pancoast syndrome) a case report and review.

PMID- 18138835
TI  - External skeletal fixation.

PMID- 18138836
TI  - Medical service with guerrilla troops.

PMID- 18138837
TI  - Obliterated omphalomesenteric duct causing abdominal pain.

PMID- 18138838
TI  - A simplified technique for making acrylic jackets.

PMID- 18138839
TI  - Modification of Papanicolaou staining procedure.

PMID- 18138840
TI  - The Walter Reed slip socket.

PMID- 18138841
TI  - Clinical manifestations of tick-borne relapsing fever with special reference to
      the disease in Cyprus.

PMID- 18138842
TI  - Disorders of micturition in poliomyelitis; some observations on pathology and
      treatment.

PMID- 18138843
TI  - Oral manifestations of agranulocytosis.

PMID- 18138844
TI  - [Epidemic of typhoid fever in Slavonski Brod 1947].

PMID- 18138845
TI  - [Chlorinization method of water with preammonisation].

PMID- 18138846
TI  - [Contribution to the knowledge of the etiology of pseudo exostosis dorsalis
      articuli metatarso-cuneiformis].

PMID- 18138847
TI  - [Biometric measurements in the army].

PMID- 18138848
TI  - [Comatose state in grave epileptic attacks due to section of the posterior third
      of the sagittal sinus].

PMID- 18138849
TI  - [Endotracheal anaesthesia and plastic surgery of the jaw].

PMID- 18138850
TI  - [Research on the value of preservative agents of dysentery bacilli].

PMID- 18138851
TI  - [Determination of blood groups with dried serum].

PMID- 18138852
TI  - Electroencephalography in differential diagnosis of supratentorial tumors.

PMID- 18138853
TI  - Temperature of skeletal muscle in cerebral hemiplegia and paralysis agitans.

PMID- 18138854
TI  - Use of potassium in protracted insulin coma; preliminary report.

PMID- 18138855
TI  - A possible psychologic complication and contraindication to electric shock
      therapy modified with curare; report of a case.

PMID- 18138856
TI  - Electroencephalographic studies in spinal cord disease.

PMID- 18138857
TI  - Metastatic mycotic abscesses of the brain.

PMID- 18138858
TI  - Medulloblastoma of the cerebellum.

PMID- 18138859
TI  - Cerebral fat embolism; report of a case with recovery.

PMID- 18138860
TI  - Fatal agranulocytosis due to trimethadione.

PMID- 18138861
TI  - Physiologic studies on arteriovenous anomalies of the brain.

PMID- 18138862
TI  - Vascular abnormalities and tumors of the spinal cord.

PMID- 18138863
TI  - Pick's disease; general survey and report of a case with chronic chorea.

PMID- 18138864
TI  - Role of the neurologist in the medical program of the Veterans Administration.

PMID- 18138865
TI  - Nonconvulsive biochemotherapy with histamine and electric convulsive therapy; a
      comparative study on hospitalized psychotics with a control ECT series.

PMID- 18138866
TI  - Orienting concepts in the study of effective states (transl.).

PMID- 18138867
TI  - On the psychopathology of impulsive wandering.

PMID- 18138868
TI  - Experimental catatonia and the problem of will and personality.

PMID- 18138869
TI  - Psychosomatic aspects of genuine epilepsy.

PMID- 18138870
TI  - Influencing of a periodical psychosis (degenerationspsychose) in connection with
      haematologic and bio-chemical alterations.

PMID- 18138871
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138872
TI  - On prefrontal leucotomy.

PMID- 18138873
TI  - [Survey of food consumption and population's nutrition].

PMID- 18138874
TI  - [Planning of nation's nutrition].

PMID- 18138875
TI  - [Survey of food consumption conducted by the Ministry of Food].

PMID- 18138876
TI  - [Survey of food consumption in nonrural households].

PMID- 18138877
TI  - [Survey of food consumption and the state of nutrition of adolescents].

PMID- 18138878
TI  - [Nutritional conditions of youth in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 18138880
TI  - [Manufacture of alcoholic beverages from honey].

PMID- 18138879
TI  - [Technology of vegetable juices].

PMID- 18138881
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138882
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138883
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138884
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138885
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138886
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138887
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138888
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138889
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138890
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138891
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138892
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138893
TI  - Some aspects of ocular melanotic growth.

PMID- 18138894
TI  - Blindness associated with haemorrhage.

PMID- 18138895
TI  - Some observations on the causation and elimination of Sattler's veil.

PMID- 18138896
TI  - Further investigations on the action of detergents on the eye.

PMID- 18138897
TI  - The artificially produced retinal pulse.

PMID- 18138898
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138899
TI  - Chorda tympani nerve graft; report of follow-up observations one year
      postoperatively.

PMID- 18138900
TI  - The hearing aid in mixed deafness.

PMID- 18138901
TI  - Streptomycin toxicity of the eighth nerve.

PMID- 18138902
TI  - Contact ulcers and laryngeal tuberculosis.

PMID- 18138903
TI  - Bacitracin; its topical use in aural and pharyngeal infections.

PMID- 18138904
TI  - Tribromoethanol-ether anesthesia used for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy; an
      analysis of 3,042 cases over an 8 year period.

PMID- 18138905
TI  - Use of thiopental sodium U.S.P. in operations on ear, nose and throat.

PMID- 18138906
TI  - Radium and the lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx and pharynx; a new universal
      applicator.

PMID- 18138907
TI  - Primary amyloid deposits in the larynx.

PMID- 18138909
TI  - Functional examination of hearing.

PMID- 18138908
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear.

PMID- 18138910
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138911
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138912
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138913
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138914
TI  - Experimental cortical necrosis of adrenal gland in the monkey in diphtheria and
      in malaria; with observations on a fatal human infection with Plasmodium
      falciparum.

PMID- 18138915
TI  - The effect of lipo-adrenal extract on ionic balance in fatal simian malaria.

PMID- 18138916
TI  - Sternal marrow studies in Hodgkin's disease; a review of the literature and a
      report of 35 cases.

PMID- 18138917
TI  - Serum lipids following nephrectomy and in mercuric chloride poisoning.

PMID- 18138918
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the stomach; report of five cases.

PMID- 18138919
TI  - Bone formation in the heart.

PMID- 18138920
TI  - Asymptomatic Schistosoma japonicum infection associated with rectal carcinoma;
      report of a case.

PMID- 18138921
TI  - The response of tissue to total body irradiation.

PMID- 18138922
TI  - The pathology of hyperpyrexia; observations at autopsy in 17 cases of fever
      therapy.

PMID- 18138923
TI  - Histochemical studies on the pathogenesis of fibrinoid.

PMID- 18138924
TI  - Microchemical variation of alkaline phosphatase activity of liver in obstructive
      and hepatocellular jaundice.

PMID- 18138925
TI  - The isolation of mumps at autopsy.

PMID- 18138926
TI  - Reactions to an influenza virus vaccine in infants and children.

PMID- 18138927
TI  - Pseudoreactions to the tuberculin patch test.

PMID- 18138928
TI  - Scarlet fever; diagnostic value of the Dick test, white blood cell counts, throat
      cultures and desquamation.

PMID- 18138929
TI  - Antipertussis serum (animal).

PMID- 18138930
TI  - Congenital anomalies following maternal rubella.

PMID- 18138931
TI  - Fibrosis of the pancreas in infants and children; a statistical study of clinical
      and hereditary features.

PMID- 18138932
TI  - Fatal interstitial and mediastinal emphysema following accidental needle
      perforations of the trachea during jugular venipuncture.

PMID- 18138933
TI  - Intracranial hemorrhage and aseptic purulent meningitis in newborn infants.

PMID- 18138934
TI  - Sterile abscess in both buttocks secondary to injection of penicillin in sesame
      oil.

PMID- 18138935
TI  - Nephrolithiasis with renal tubular failure.

PMID- 18138936
TI  - Multiple calcareous deposits in the intestinal tract of the newborn; report of a
      case associated with stenosis of the ileum.

PMID- 18138937
TI  - Thrombopenic purpura in the newborn; review of the literature and report of six
      cases.

PMID- 18138938
TI  - Arachnodactyly; review of recent literature and report of a case with cleft
      palate.

PMID- 18138939
TI  - Treatment of scarlet fever with human immune globulin.

PMID- 18138940
TI  - Apparatus for automatic maintenance of body temperature in anaesthetized animals.

PMID- 18138941
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138942
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138943
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138944
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138945
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138946
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138947
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138948
TI  - [Precipitation curve of Weltmann reaction in pediatrics].

PMID- 18138949
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138950
TI  - [Bleeding in acute rheumatism].

PMID- 18138951
TI  - [Contribution to the study of ectodermosis pluriorificielle Fiessinger-Baader,
      type I stomatoectodermosis].

PMID- 18138952
TI  - [Chronic malaria with hepatosplenomegalic syndrome].

PMID- 18138953
TI  - [Extension of Sanborn tables for calculation of basal metabolism in children 6-14
      years old].

PMID- 18138954
TI  - [Development and future of premature children].

PMID- 18138956
TI  - [Survey of contemporary individual psychotherapy in children].

PMID- 18138955
TI  - [Tumors of appendix].

PMID- 18138958
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138957
TI  - [BCG vaccination against tuberculosis in district of Budejovice].

PMID- 18138959
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138960
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138961
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138962
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138963
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138964
TI  - [New concepts of childhood diarrhea].

PMID- 18138965
TI  - [Infantile post-measles encephalopathic syndromes; their multietiologic aspects].

PMID- 18138966
TI  - The potentiating effects of various compounds on the anti-bacterial activities of
      surface active agents.

PMID- 18138967
TI  - Hansen's disease.

PMID- 18138968
TI  - Glycerin and the vitamins.

PMID- 18138969
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138970
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138971
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138972
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138973
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138974
TI  - The hydrogen ion concentration and osmotic properties of lacrimal fluid.

PMID- 18138975
TI  - Botanical and phytochemical studies in Hyoscyamus muticus, L.

PMID- 18138976
TI  - The effect of environment on the growth and alkaloidal content of Hyoscyamus
      muticus L.

PMID- 18138977
TI  - Colorimetric and fluorometric studies on the Borntraeger reaction for
      anthraquinone drugs.

PMID- 18138978
TI  - A new microtechnique in ultraviolet analysis.

PMID- 18138979
TI  - Studies on the identification of narcotics; microchemical reactions for
      identification of metopon.

PMID- 18138980
TI  - Refractive index measurements at and above the melting point of solids, gums,
      resins, and waxes.

PMID- 18138981
TI  - The acute and chronic toxicity of 9-aminoacridinepenicillin.

PMID- 18138982
TI  - 3-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenearsonous acid; oxophenarsine hydrochloride; decomposition
      products.

PMID- 18138983
TI  - 3-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenearsonic acid; oxophenarsine hydrochloride; decomposition
      rate.

PMID- 18138984
TI  - Local irritation caused by streptomycin in animals compared to pain produced in
      man.

PMID- 18138985
TI  - An accurate and economical method for the biological assay of aconite tincture.

PMID- 18138986
TI  - Sabadilla alkaloids; alkaloidal components of the petroleum ether extract.

PMID- 18138987
TI  - The occurrence of rutin in Sambucus canadensis.

PMID- 18138988
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138989
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138990
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138991
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138992
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138993
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138994
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138995
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138996
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18138997
TI  - Determination of phenolphthalein in medicinal preparations.

PMID- 18138998
TI  - Gold mine hospitals.

PMID- 18138999
TI  - Effects of tetra-ethyl-ammonium chloride on the cardiovascular reactions in man
      to changes in posture and exposure to centrifugal force.

PMID- 18139000
TI  - Cerebral dysfunction during negative acceleration.

PMID- 18139001
TI  - Effects of tetra-ethyl-ammonium chloride on pain thresholds in man.

PMID- 18139002
TI  - A new method of measuring fatigue by the threshold stimulus of the Achilles
      tendon reflex.

PMID- 18139003
TI  - Relationship between body build and capacity for exercise.

PMID- 18139004
TI  - Effects of active and passive limb movements upon respiration and O2 consumption
      in man.

PMID- 18139005
TI  - The influence of hydrostatic pressure and urethane on the thermal inactivation of
      bacteriophage.
AB  - In Difco nutrient broth, containing 0.5 per cent NaCl, pH 6.6, Escherichia coli
      phages T1, T2, and T5 were inactivated at 66 degrees C., and T7 at 60 degrees C.,
      at nearly the same rate. In each case the rate of destruction was not uniform but
      more or less decreased with time of heating. With T2 there was an initial
      increase in number of infective centers after heating for several minutes at 66
      degrees C. Hydrostatic pressures up to 10,000 pounds per square inch retarded the
      thermal destruction of T1, T2, and T5, but accelerated that of T7, while small
      concentrations of urethane accelerated the rate of each. The rate of inactivation
      was increased by the addition of 0.005 M phosphate, and was decreased by 0.005 M
      MgCl(2) in all but T7, whose rate was unaffected by this amount of Mg. The
      influence of Ca was similar to that of Mg. The addition of 0.005 M MgCl(2) to the
      broth medium resulted in a first order rate of destruction of T5 at either normal
      or increased pressure, and with as well as without urethane. Analysis of data
      obtained under these conditions indicated that the thermal inactivation proceeds
      with a volume increase of activation of 113 cc. per mol, and with a heat and
      entropy of 170,000 calories and 425 E. U., respectively, in the rate-limiting
      reaction. In the presence of 0.1 M urethane the heat and volume change of
      activation are apparently slightly greater. The relation between concentration of
      urethane and the amount of acceleration in rate of destruction at normal pressure
      and 66 degrees C. indicated that the total rate involves at least two first order
      rate processes: the thermal inactivation itself and a urethane-catalyzed
      reaction, the latter involving the combination of an average of 2.3 molecules of
      urethane in the activated state of the bacteriophage molecule whose destruction
      results in loss of phage activity.

PMID- 18139006
TI  - Phage formation in Staphylococcus muscae cultures; nucleic acid synthesis during
      virus formation.
AB  - 1. The total nucleic acid synthesized by normal and by infected S. muscae
      suspensions is approximately the same. This is true for either lag phase cells or
      log phase cells. 2. The amount of nucleic acid synthesized per cell in normal
      cultures increases during the lag period and remains fairly constant during log
      growth. 3. The amount of nucleic acid synthesized per cell by infected cells
      increases during the whole course of the infection. 4. Infected cells synthesize
      less RNA and more DNA than normal cells. The ratio of RNA/DNA is larger in lag
      phase cells than in log phase cells. 5. Normal cells release neither ribonucleic
      acid nor desoxyribonucleic acid into the medium. 6. Infected cells release both
      ribonucleic acid and desoxyribonucleic acid into the medium. The time and extent
      of release depend upon the physiological state of the cells. 7. Infected lag
      phase cells may or may not show an increased RNA content. They release RNA, but
      not DNA, into the medium well before observable cellular lysis and before any
      virus is liberated. At virus liberation, the cell RNA content falls to a value
      below that initially present, while DNA, which increased during infection falls
      to approximately the original value. 8. Infected log cells show a continuous loss
      of cell RNA and a loss of DNA a short time after infection. At the time of virus
      liberation the cell RNA value is well below that initially present and the cells
      begin to lyse.

PMID- 18139007
TI  - Studies on the physiological bases of morphogenesis in fungi; the respiratory
      metabolism of dimorphic pathogenic fungi.
AB  - The interconversions of mycelial and yeast-like forms (M right harpoon over left
      harpoon Y) in Blastomyces dermatitidis and in Blastomyces brasiliensis are
      characterized as examples of thermal dimorphism since the phenomena are
      apparently dependent only on the temperature of incubation of these two species.
      The change in morphology consequent upon Y --> M conversion is considered to
      result from the selective inhibition of cell division, without the simultaneous
      inhibition of growth. Such selective inhibition is viewed in a wider context as
      an example of the differential operation of the physicochemical apparatus of the
      cell in the control of form development by an organism. To analyze this
      differential operation, which is here dependent only on temperature, we have
      studied the effect of temperature on oxygen consumption by each of the dimorphic
      forms. In the absence of external substrate the yeast forms consume 5 to 6 times
      more oxygen per unit dry weight than do the M forms.The Y forms exhibit an
      exogenous oxidation of acetate and of glucose, as well as an oxidative
      assimilation of these substrates, whereas the M forms exhibit no exogenous
      metabolism in either a resting or starved condition. A study of the effect of a
      wide range of temperatures on oxygen consumption by the M forms indicates the
      operation of two rate-limiting processes: (a) one with an activation energy of
      13,250 calories/gm. molecule over the range 5-30 degrees , and (b) reversible
      enzyme inactivation; the latter process assuming importance in the higher
      temperature range. On abrupt, large changes in temperature the balance between
      these two rate-limiting reactions (which it is suggested characterizes the steady
      state) is apparently disrupted as a result of a lag in the assumption of a rate
      of reversible enzyme inactivation characteristic of the new temperature. This
      disruption of balance is evidenced in overshoot phenomena. The effect of an
      analogous disruption of balance, and of increasing enzymic inactivation; on a
      competition between enzyme systems, competing for substrate for cell elongation
      and for cell division, is considered in explanation of the observed dependence of
      the cell division mechanism on the maintenance of an elevated temperature.

PMID- 18139008
TI  - Electrical phenomena in nerve; squid giant axon.
AB  - The action of a number of agents, which may be classified as "stabilizers" and
      "unstabilizers" on the electrical oscillations and after-potentials in the squid
      giant axon has been examined. The effects on the spike, "positive overshoot," and
      "potassium potential" were also observed, but where possible concentrations were
      employed which left these phenomena unaltered. Veratrine augmented the
      oscillations and the negative after-potential, particularly with repetitive
      stimulation. Yohimbine caused a small long lasting positive after-potential and
      depressed the oscillations, effects also enhanced with repetitive activity.
      Cocaine and procaine suppressed the oscillations and the negative after-potential
      but DDT was completely inert. An elevation in the medium calcium depressed the
      oscillations and the naturally occurring negative after-potential; negative after
      potentials induced with veratrine were increased by calcium. A decrease in the
      potassium augmented the oscillations and the negative after-potential. A
      hypothesis is presented in which these effects are interpreted in terms of
      potassium concentration at the fiber surface as regulated by a labile
      permeability and metabolism. This is discussed in relation to the available
      evidence for these factors. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the author's
      indebtedness to Dr. D. E. S. Brown, Director, and to his staff at the Bermuda
      Biological Station for Research for the cooperation and special facilities
      provided during the initiation of this work. Dr. T. Baylor of Princeton
      University very kindly provided the camera and film used in Bermuda.

PMID- 18139009
TI  - Electrical phenomena in nerve; crab nerve.
AB  - The resting and action potentials of the leg nerves of the spider crab are
      reduced by procaine, cocaine, iodoacetate, KCl, and veratrine. The first three
      agents depress the sensitivity of the resting potential to anoxia, while the last
      can be shown to augment it. Glucose sustains activity and the polarized state in
      the absence of oxygen, an effect blocked by iodoacetate; corresponding
      concentrations of lactate and pyruvate are inert under most experimental
      conditions. DDT and veratrine both induce repetitive activity following an
      impulse, but only the latter does so with a marked increase in negative after
      potential. The negative after-potential induced by veratrine is decreased by KCl
      relatively more than the spike or the resting potential. Elevation of the calcium
      content of the medium increases this after-potential. Neither ion appreciably
      alters the time constant of repolarization. The recovery is more rapid than that
      obtained following prolonged activity of both veratrinized and unveratrinized
      nerves. Repolarization following a tetanus is accelerated by an increase in the
      volume of solution in contact with the fibers; associated with this is an
      augmentation of the positive after-potential which normally follows a bout of
      activity. Yohimbine induces a positive after-potential following individual
      spikes which is depressed by an elevation of the potassium or calcium content of
      the medium. These observations are discussed from the standpoint of the available
      evidence for the involvement of potassium at the surface of the fibers as
      regulated by a labile permeability and metabolism. The potassium liberated by the
      action potential, calculated from the polarization changes, agrees closely with
      an available analytical figure; less direct observations are also found to be
      consistent with this view.

PMID- 18139010
TI  - Objective psychotherapy; principles, methods, and results.

PMID- 18139011
TI  - Comments on O'Kelly and Heyer's interpretation of their experimental results from
      Studies in motivation and retention, I.

PMID- 18139012
TI  - On Kendler's comments on Studies in motivation and retention, I.

PMID- 18139013
TI  - The specific hunger for sodium chloride in normal and adrenalectomized white
      rats.

PMID- 18139015
TI  - Acquisition and extinction of a conditioned avoidance response in dogs.

PMID- 18139014
TI  - Psychophysiological studies of motion sickness and airsickness.

PMID- 18139016
TI  - Effect of adrenalectomy on incidence of audiogenic seizures among domestic and
      wild rats.

PMID- 18139017
TI  - Relationship between supranormal glutamic acid and maze learning.

PMID- 18139018
TI  - Middle ear infection and sound induced seizures in rats.

PMID- 18139019
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139020
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139021
TI  - Psychotherapy as a problem in learning theory.

PMID- 18139022
TI  - Statistical methods applied to Rorschach scores; a review.

PMID- 18139023
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139024
TI  - The use and abuse of dietary standards.

PMID- 18139025
TI  - A health service for federal government employees.

PMID- 18139027
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139026
TI  - Cancer mortality, Ontario, 1921-1947.

PMID- 18139028
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139029
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139030
TI  - The participation of Switzerland in the international aid for refugees and
      homeless persons.

PMID- 18139031
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139032
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139033
TI  - Hospital survey and construction program; progress report.

PMID- 18139035
TI  - Pathology of a case of tracheobronchial diphtheria.

PMID- 18139034
TI  - Radiography of the nasolacrimal passageways.

PMID- 18139036
TI  - Embryonal rest of the oral cavity.

PMID- 18139037
TI  - Trichobezoar.

PMID- 18139038
TI  - A positioning device for lateral lumbar radiography.

PMID- 18139039
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139040
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139041
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139042
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139043
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139044
TI  - Bronchiectasis and its management; a report of 277 cases.

PMID- 18139045
TI  - A method for topical anesthesia by nebulization of local anesthetics.

PMID- 18139046
TI  - Diagnostic bronchial lavage in tuberculosis.

PMID- 18139047
TI  - Surgery in congenital heart disease.

PMID- 18139049
TI  - Systemic blastomycosis.

PMID- 18139048
TI  - A modern evaluation of extrapleural pneumonolysis in the treatment of pulmonary
      tuberculosis with special reference to methyl methacrylate plombage; review of 26
      cases.

PMID- 18139050
TI  - Arthralgia as a first symptom of pulmonary lesions.

PMID- 18139051
TI  - An unusual case of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia with successful operation.

PMID- 18139052
TI  - Wedge osteotomy of the neck of the femur in advanced cases of displaced upper
      femoral epiphysis; 10 year study.

PMID- 18139053
TI  - Transplantation of aortic segments fixed in 4 per cent neutral formalin; report
      of experiments in dogs.

PMID- 18139055
TI  - Treatment of inguinal hernia.

PMID- 18139054
TI  - Evolution of medullary fixation of fractures by the longitudinal pin.

PMID- 18139056
TI  - A survey of brain tumors for the general practitioner of surgery.

PMID- 18139057
TI  - The technic of operative cholangiography.

PMID- 18139058
TI  - Basis for planned management in intestinal obstruction.

PMID- 18139059
TI  - Gelatin solution as a plasma substitute in the treatment of shock from acute
      blood loss.

PMID- 18139060
TI  - Anatomic considerations in the treatment of carpal navicular fractures.

PMID- 18139061
TI  - Episacroiliac lipomas.

PMID- 18139062
TI  - Thromboembolism; prophylaxis and treatment.

PMID- 18139063
TI  - Enterogenous cyst of the duodenum.

PMID- 18139064
TI  - Fat embolism following abdominal surgery.

PMID- 18139065
TI  - Cyst of the pericardium.

PMID- 18139066
TI  - Extragenital (?) chorion-epithelioma in the male in the appearance of a primary
      lung tumour.

PMID- 18139067
TI  - The chronic undermining and burrowing ulcer of Meleney.

PMID- 18139068
TI  - Haemolytic streptococcus gangrene of the skin.

PMID- 18139069
TI  - Coelomic cysts.

PMID- 18139070
TI  - Indications, technique and results of the Torkildsen ventriculo-cisternostomy.

PMID- 18139071
TI  - The influence of the gastric acidity on the genesis of gastric ulcer.

PMID- 18139072
TI  - Plastic repair of skull defects with acrylic plates.

PMID- 18139073
TI  - A new guide apparatus for drilling the guide wire in the operative treatment of
      fracture of the femoral neck.

PMID- 18139074
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139075
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139076
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139077
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139078
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139079
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139080
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139081
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139083
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139082
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139084
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139085
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139086
TI  - Intracranial tumours.

PMID- 18139087
TI  - Brain tumours.

PMID- 18139088
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the liver.

PMID- 18139089
TI  - Papillary cystadenoma of the male breast; with a case report.

PMID- 18139090
TI  - A case of anterior dislocation of the elbow.

PMID- 18139091
TI  - Papworth today.

PMID- 18139092
TI  - The rehabilitation end point in hemiplegia.

PMID- 18139093
TI  - The slow healing wound.

PMID- 18139094
TI  - New methods of splinting in Bell's palsy.

PMID- 18139095
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139096
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139097
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139098
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139099
TI  - An experimental hut for testing residual insecticides against mosquitoes in the
      field.

PMID- 18139100
TI  - The local reaction of the animal host to the bites of snakes and the stings of
      venomous creatures.

PMID- 18139101
TI  - The food habits of Entamoeba histolytica.

PMID- 18139103
TI  - The surgical treatment of elephantiasis.

PMID- 18139102
TI  - Kala-azar; relapse following splenectomy.

PMID- 18139104
TI  - Blood examination and prognosis in acute falciparum malaria.

PMID- 18139105
TI  - The morphology of malaria parasites in thick blood films; the form and
      distribution of pigment.

PMID- 18139106
TI  - In vitro effects of chloromycetin on Malayan bacteria.

PMID- 18139107
TI  - Some peculiar cases of gangrene and their possible relationship to tropical
      phlebitis.

PMID- 18139108
TI  - A case of cutaneous amoebiasis.

PMID- 18139109
TI  - Clinical and biochemical studies in cholera and the rationale of treatment.

PMID- 18139110
TI  - Abnormal forms of Plasmodium vivax.

PMID- 18139112
TI  - [Steps in the conclusion of group examinations for tuberculosis].

PMID- 18139111
TI  - [Metabolism in pulmonary tuberculosis and dietary methods].

PMID- 18139113
TI  - [Method of photographing the bronchi from the side].

PMID- 18139114
TI  - [BCG injection and the tuberculin reaction].

PMID- 18139115
TI  - [Roentgenological observations on the initial stage of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 18139116
TI  - [Transformation of the positive tuberculin reaction in children by means of
      boiled BCG vaccine].

PMID- 18139117
TI  - [Results with the artificial pneumothorax operation on both sides].

PMID- 18139118
TI  - [The effect of artificial pneumothorax on the number of tubercle bacilli in the
      sputum].

PMID- 18139119
TI  - [The right and left symmetry in the human lungs].

PMID- 18139120
TI  - Numerical transformations in the analysis of experimental data.

PMID- 18139121
TI  - The similarity paradox in human learning; a resolution.

PMID- 18139122
TI  - The Gestalt theory of expression.

PMID- 18139123
TI  - Research and standards.

PMID- 18139124
TI  - Methods for the microbiological examination of foods.

PMID- 18139125
TI  - School sanitation.

PMID- 18139126
TI  - Current methods of controlling rodents and fleas in the campaign against bubonic
      plague and murine typhus.

PMID- 18139127
TI  - [Surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 18139129
TI  - Pancreatic cysts simulating renal disease.

PMID- 18139128
TI  - Benign and malignant pheochromocytomas with necropsies; benign case with multiple
      neurofibromatosis and cavernous hemangioma of fourth ventricle; malignant case
      with widespread metastases and bronchiogenic carcinoma.

PMID- 18139130
TI  - Renal colic in cases of tumor and tuberculosis of the kidney; roentgenologic
      views.

PMID- 18139131
TI  - Preliminary nephrostomy preparatory to secondary nephrectomy.

PMID- 18139132
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis; three case reports and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 18139133
TI  - Retrocaval ureter; report of a case with successful plastic repair.

PMID- 18139134
TI  - Urachus and bladder actinomycosis; presentation of one clinical case.

PMID- 18139135
TI  - Hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuric nephrosis complicating transurethral resection
      of the prostate.

PMID- 18139136
TI  - Myelofibrosis and generalized osteosclerosis secondary to carcinoma of the
      prostate.

PMID- 18139137
TI  - Survival in cancer of the prostate.

PMID- 18139138
TI  - Cyst of the seminal vesicle.

PMID- 18139139
TI  - Hydrocalycosis.

PMID- 18139140
TI  - Ureteral obstruction associated with carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 18139141
TI  - Transurethral resection of large prostates.

PMID- 18139142
TI  - Intraprostatic local anesthesia for transurethral prostatic resections.

PMID- 18139143
TI  - Pelvic myalgia; a complication of posterior urethritis in males and females.

PMID- 18139144
TI  - Cancer of the scrotum.

PMID- 18139145
TI  - Medical treatment of urinary tuberculosis; case reports.

PMID- 18139146
TI  - Liver damage in anaesthesia.

PMID- 18139147
TI  - Anaesthesia for prostatectomy in the aged.

PMID- 18139148
TI  - Reflex tonus response of respiratory muscle to trauma; pneumographic recording
      during pentothal anesthesia.

PMID- 18139149
TI  - Experiments on intravascular administravascular administration of oxygen and of
      helium.

PMID- 18139150
TI  - Changes in renal circulation and function during temporary denervation.

PMID- 18139151
TI  - Observations in cardiac arrest during operation: ventricular fibrillation with
      recovery, after intracardiac epinephrine; case report.

PMID- 18139152
TI  - The role of basic sciences in anesthesia.

PMID- 18139153
TI  - Pharmacology in anesthesia.

PMID- 18139154
TI  - Biochemistry in anesthesia.

PMID- 18139155
TI  - Physiology in anesthesia.

PMID- 18139156
TI  - Immunization with heat-killed Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in mineral oil.

PMID- 18139157
TI  - The effect of orally administered streptomycin and sulfathalidine upon the
      bacterial flora of the colon.

PMID- 18139158
TI  - Studies on bacterial variation and selective environments; the nature of the
      selective serum factor affecting the variation of Brucella abortus.

PMID- 18139159
TI  - Studies on bacterial variation and selective environments; the effects of sera
      from brucella-infected animals and from normal animals of different species upon
      the variation of Brucella abortus.

PMID- 18139163
TI  - The properties of formaldehyde-resistant Corynebacterium diphteriae.

PMID- 18139169
TI  - Study on toxins and antigens of Shigella dysenteriae; active protection of
      rabbits with whole organisms and fractions of Shigella dysenteriae.

PMID- 18139172
TI  - The occurrence of vegetative cells of Clostridium perfringens in soil.

PMID- 18139173
TI  - The mosquitoes of Bwamba County, Uganda; intensive catching on tree-platforms,
      with further observations on Aedes (Stegomyia) africanus, Theobald.

PMID- 18139174
TI  - The climatology of blowfly myiasis; oviposition and daily weather indices.

PMID- 18139175
TI  - The biology of Quettania coeruleipennis Schwarzer (Coleoptera) in Baluchistan.

PMID- 18139177
TI  - Studies on the attractiveness of human populations to anophelines.

PMID- 18139176
TI  - An arsenic-resistant tick and its control with gammexane dips.

PMID- 18139178
TI  - Studies on wheat bulb fly, Leptohylemyia coarctata Fall; survey of infestation in
      Yorkshire.

PMID- 18139179
TI  - Laboratory experiments on the effect of DDT and BHC on certain aphidophagous
      insects and their hosts.

PMID- 18139181
TI  - Hibernation of Hyalomma savignyi (Ixodidae) in Palestine.

PMID- 18139180
TI  - Recent work on mercury as an insecticide against insect pests of stored grain.

PMID- 18139182
TI  - Climate and the activity of the Kenya coastal Glossina.

PMID- 18139183
TI  - The proventricular region of Tetraopes tetraophthalmus Forst
      (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae).

PMID- 18139184
TI  - The effect of gonadal hormones on liver nucleic acids in the immature pullet.

PMID- 18139185
TI  - Exchange of materials in a lake as studied by the addition of radioactive
      phosphorus.

PMID- 18139186
TI  - Distribution of P32 in chick embryos.

PMID- 18139187
TI  - A key to the embryological development of Melanoplus bivittatus, Say, M.
      mexicanus mexicanus, Sauss., and M. packardii Scudder.

PMID- 18139188
TI  - Water uptake in eggs of Melanoplus bivittatus (Say).

PMID- 18139189
TI  - Recent advances in the treatment of the malignant diseases of the blood-forming
      organs.

PMID- 18139190
TI  - The primary and secondary compounds of catalase and methyl or ethyl hydrogen
      peroxide; reactions with hydrogen peroxide.

PMID- 18139191
TI  - Serum vasoconstrictor (serotonin) the presence of creatinine in the complex; a
      proposed structure of the vasoconstrictor principle.

PMID- 18139192
TI  - Formation of creatine in vitro from methyl phosphate and guanidoacetic.

PMID- 18139193
TI  - Preparation of triphosphopyridine nucleotide.

PMID- 18139194
TI  - Metabolic functions of biotin; the synthesis of citrulline from ornithine in
      liver tissue from normal and biotin-deficient rats.

PMID- 18139195
TI  - 3-Substituted thiophenes; synthesis of beta-3-thienylalanine in the rat.

PMID- 18139196
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of nitrogen storage effects of anterior pituitary growth
      hormone preparations on plasma glutamine, total free amino acids, and the
      excretion of urinary ammonia.

PMID- 18139197
TI  - Effect of cystine and threonine on the growth of rats receiving tryptophan
      deficient rations.

PMID- 18139198
TI  - Metabolism of emulsified trilaurin (-C1400-) and octanoic acid (-C1400-) by rat
      tissue slices.

PMID- 18139199
TI  - The adrenal cortex and serum peptidase activity.

PMID- 18139200
TI  - Metabolic study of the methyl groups of butter yellow.

PMID- 18139201
TI  - A metabolic study of alpha-aminobutyric acid.

PMID- 18139202
TI  - A fluorometric method for the estimation of tryptophan.

PMID- 18139203
TI  - The amino acid composition of pork and lamb cuts.

PMID- 18139204
TI  - Fatty acid synthesis by enzyme preparations of Clostridium kluyveri; preparation
      of cell-free extracts that catalyze the conversion of ethanol and acetate to
      butyrate and caproate.

PMID- 18139205
TI  - Fatty acid synthesis by enzyme preparations of Clostridium kluyveri; the aerobic
      oxidation of ethanol and butyrate with the formation of acetyl phosphate.

PMID- 18139206
TI  - Fatty acid synthesis by enzyme preparations of Clostridium kluyveri; the
      activation of molecular hydrogen and the conversion of acetyl phosphate and
      acetate to butyrate.

PMID- 18139207
TI  - The reductive cleavage of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene by rat liver; the
      intracellular distribution of the enzyme system and its requirement for
      triphosphopyridine nucleotide.

PMID- 18139208
TI  - Thiamine triphosphoric acid; its relation to the thiamine pyrophosphate
      (cocarboxylase) of Lohmann and Schuster.

PMID- 18139209
TI  - Factors in fluencing the electrophoretic analysis of human serum.

PMID- 18139210
TI  - Studies on the conversion of radioactive leucine to acetoacetate.

PMID- 18139211
TI  - Fatty acid synthesis by enzyme preparations of Clostridium kluyveri; the
      phosphorclastic decomposition of acetoacetate of acetyl phosphate and acetate.

PMID- 18139212
TI  - Studies on the hazard involved in use of C14; retention of carbon from labeled
      sodium bicarbonate.

PMID- 18139213
TI  - Perborate as substrate in a new assay of catalase.

PMID- 18139214
TI  - The specificity of leucine aminopeptidase; optical and side chain specificity.

PMID- 18139215
TI  - The fluorometric determination of malic acid.

PMID- 18139216
TI  - A micromethod for assay of total tocopherols in blood serum.

PMID- 18139217
TI  - Preparation of sucrose labeled with C14 in the glucose or fructose component.

PMID- 18139218
TI  - The effect of heat on the availability of pork protein in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 18139219
TI  - Synthesis of alpha- and beta-glucose-1,6-diphosphate.

PMID- 18139220
TI  - Activation of phosphoglucomutase by metal-binding agents.

PMID- 18139221
TI  - A specific color reaction of glycolic aldehyde.

PMID- 18139222
TI  - Inhibition of aconitase by trans-aconitate.

PMID- 18139223
TI  - A new series of microscope objectives; catadioptric Newtonian systems.

PMID- 18139224
TI  - A new series of microscope objectives; preliminary investigation of catadioptric
      Schwarzschild systems.

PMID- 18139225
TI  - The rise in brightness of infra-red sensitive phosphors.

PMID- 18139226
TI  - Artificial fluorite.

PMID- 18139227
TI  - X-ray optics; the production of converging beams by total reflection.

PMID- 18139228
TI  - A study of the mechanism of modified Rayleigh scattering.

PMID- 18139229
TI  - The coefficient of specific resolution of the human eye for Foucault test objects
      viewed through circular apertures.

PMID- 18139230
TI  - The influence of magnification on resolving power of telescopic systems for
      Foucault test objects of different inherent contrast.

PMID- 18139231
TI  - On some aspects of white, gray, and black.

PMID- 18139232
TI  - Use of polytrifluorochloroethylene in infra-red and Raman spectroscopy.

PMID- 18139233
TI  - A low temperature infra-red transmission cell.

PMID- 18139234
TI  - The spectral dispersion of birefringence, especially of birefringent plastic
      sheets.

PMID- 18139235
TI  - The optical transmission of additively colored alkali halide crystals in the
      visible and near infra-red.

PMID- 18139236
TI  - X-ray images by refractive focusing.

PMID- 18139237
TI  - Fabrication of semicontoured molar loop bands from chrome banding material.

PMID- 18139238
TI  - Head growth of the macaque monkey as revealed by vital staining, embedding, and
      undecalcified sectioning.

PMID- 18139240
TI  - Orthodontic education.

PMID- 18139239
TI  - A study of bacterial counts (lactobacilli) in saliva related to orthodontic
      appliances; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18139241
TI  - The removal of second premolars in orthodontic treatment.

PMID- 18139242
TI  - Enamel caries; a chemico-physical hypothesis; chemical.

PMID- 18139243
TI  - Two histological abnormalities.

PMID- 18139244
TI  - The effects of vacuum investing on the compressive strength of investments.

PMID- 18139245
TI  - Studies on the synovial fluid and the synovial membrane of the temporomandibular
      joint.

PMID- 18139246
TI  - Mandibular osteomyelitis.

PMID- 18139247
TI  - Fracture of an edentulous mandible immobilized with interosseous wiring.

PMID- 18139248
TI  - Anesthesia.

PMID- 18139249
TI  - Traumatic injuries to the temporomandibular joint.

PMID- 18139250
TI  - Complications in the administration of thiopental sodium.

PMID- 18139251
TI  - Present status of procaine toxicity.

PMID- 18139252
TI  - A conservative technic for the management of the common type of impacted
      mandibular third molar.

PMID- 18139253
TI  - The periapical abscess.

PMID- 18139254
TI  - Adamantinoma of the mandible; report of case.

PMID- 18139255
TI  - Pressure atrophy of the mandible; report of case.

PMID- 18139256
TI  - Cystadenoma of the mandible.

PMID- 18139257
TI  - Heteroplastic bone formation in the cheek.

PMID- 18139258
TI  - Ammoniated dentifrices.

PMID- 18139259
TI  - A simple technique for the removal of impacted mandibular third molars of
      interest to the general practitioner.

PMID- 18139260
TI  - Conference on library indexing and nomenclature.

PMID- 18139261
TI  - Blocking of ascorbic acid metabolism in guinea pigs by injection of glucoascorbic
      acid.

PMID- 18139262
TI  - The hormones regulating digestion in the small intestine.

PMID- 18139263
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139265
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139264
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139266
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139267
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139268
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139269
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139270
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139271
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139272
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139273
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139274
TI  - Kaposi sarcoma in a Chinese boy (aged 16 years) with localisation on the left
      lower extremity and on the right caruncula lacrimalis.

PMID- 18139275
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139276
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139277
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139278
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139279
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139280
TI  - Medical mycology; general laboratory investigative methods.

PMID- 18139282
TI  - Evidence that renal sodium excretion by normal human subjects is regulated by
      adrenal cortical activity.

PMID- 18139285
TI  - The action of streptococcal desoxyribose nuclease in vitro and on purulent
      pleural exudations of patients.

PMID- 18139286
TI  - Studies with radioactive iodized fat; preparation of radioactive fat with
      observations on the absorption of fat following subcutaneous and intraperitoneal
      injection in dogs.

PMID- 18139287
TI  - Studies with radioactive iodized fat; the tissue distribution of emulsified fat
      following intravenous administration.

PMID- 18139289
TI  - Studies of the role of the liver in human carbohydrate metabolism by the venous
      catheter technic; patients with diabetic ketosis; before and after the
      administration of insulin.

PMID- 18139290
TI  - The circulation time from the pulmonary artery to the femoral artery and the
      quantity of blood in the lungs in normal individuals.

PMID- 18139291
TI  - The circulation time from the pulmonary artery to the femoral artery and the
      quantity of blood in the lungs in patients with mitral stenosis and in patients
      with left ventricular failure.

PMID- 18139292
TI  - Maturation of renal function in childhood; clearance studies.

PMID- 18139294
TI  - Serological studies in rheumatic fever; serum complement in the rheumatic state.

PMID- 18139293
TI  - The cerebral blood flow in male subjects as measured by the nitrous oxide
      technique; normal values for blood flow, oxygen utilization, glucose utilization
      and peripheral resistance, with observations on the effect of tilting and
      anxiety.

PMID- 18139295
TI  - Evaluation of therapeutic substances employed for the relief of bronchospasm;
      adrenergic agents.

PMID- 18139297
TI  - Chloramphenicol in the treatment of tsutsugamushi disease.

PMID- 18139296
TI  - Evaluation of therapeutic substances employed for the relief of bronchospasm;
      aminophylline.

PMID- 18139298
TI  - Changes in liver glycogen studies by the needle aspiration technic in patients
      with diabetic ketosis; with a method for the estimation of glycogen from
      histologic preparations.

PMID- 18139301
TI  - The serum proteins in portal cirrhosis under medical management; electrophoretic
      studies.

PMID- 18139302
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139303
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139304
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139305
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139306
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139307
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139308
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139309
TI  - Eradication of the vectors of insect-borne diseases of man.

PMID- 18139310
TI  - Sludge digestion for dried grass production.

PMID- 18139311
TI  - The scope of care work and who should undertake it.

PMID- 18139312
TI  - The continuity of medical and social services in home and hospital.

PMID- 18139313
TI  - A study of emotion revealed in two types of athletic sports contests.

PMID- 18139314
TI  - Evaluation of clinical methods in gastrointestinal disease; cholesterol
      determinations in peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18139315
TI  - Experiences with sodium carboxymethylcellulose as an antacid.

PMID- 18139316
TI  - Achlorhydria and its clinical significance in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18139317
TI  - The palpatory examination of the pancreas; description of a new method.

PMID- 18139319
TI  - The dumping syndrome; what makes it and how to avoid it.

PMID- 18139318
TI  - Electrophoretic studies of the serum proteins in portal cirrhosis.

PMID- 18139320
TI  - Sex as a constitutional factor for susceptibility to peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18139321
TI  - Thiamine deficiency, pyruvate metabolism and acid secretion in mouse stomachs in
      vitro.

PMID- 18139322
TI  - Gastric ulcer in the presence of histamine achlorhydria.

PMID- 18139323
TI  - The excretion of 17-ketosteroids in idiopathic hirsutism.

PMID- 18139324
TI  - The antithyroid action of 5-iodothiouracil, 6-methyl-5-iodothiouracil,
      thiocytosine and (Ca) 4-n-propyl 6-oxypyrimidyl-2-mercaptoacetic acid.

PMID- 18139325
TI  - Retarded absorption of pellets of protamine-zinc insulin.

PMID- 18139326
TI  - Comparative value and accuracy of measurements of urinary I131 by beta and by
      gamma ray counting.

PMID- 18139327
TI  - Urinary pregnanediol determination as a test of pregnancy.

PMID- 18139328
TI  - Pseudohypoparathyroidism; report of a case with late manifestations.

PMID- 18139329
TI  - Cellular involution in the thyroid gland; significance of Hurthle cells in
      myxedema, exhaustion atrophy, Hashimoto's disease and the reactions to
      irradiation, thiouracil therapy and subtotal resection.

PMID- 18139330
TI  - Myxedema circumscriptum thyrotoxicum; report of two cases and remarks on its
      pathogenesis and treatment.

PMID- 18139331
TI  - Generalized insulin allergy.

PMID- 18139332
TI  - Glucose tolerance in osteitis deformans.

PMID- 18139333
TI  - The Hoover Commission on Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Law.

PMID- 18139334
TI  - Chemicals used in manufactured foods or as pesticides on growing foods.

PMID- 18139335
TI  - Some aspects of certification of antibiotics under the Federal Food, Drug, and
      Cosmetic Act.

PMID- 18139336
TI  - False advertisement of food, drugs, and cosmetics.

PMID- 18139338
TI  - The evolution of rational therapeutics.

PMID- 18139337
TI  - Canada's food and drug regulations.

PMID- 18139339
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139340
TI  - The internal structure of protein molecules.

PMID- 18139341
TI  - Biological importance of the internal structure of proteins.

PMID- 18139342
TI  - On magnetic behaviour of some carcinogenic substances.

PMID- 18139343
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139344
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139345
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139346
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139348
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139347
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139349
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139350
TI  - The Monte Carlo method.

PMID- 18139351
TI  - A sampling study of the merits of autoregressive and reduced form transformation
      in regression analysis.

PMID- 18139352
TI  - Control of a general census by means of an area sampling method.

PMID- 18139353
TI  - By-product data and forecasting in unemployment insurance.

PMID- 18139354
TI  - Heats of combustion and formation of cyclopropane.

PMID- 18139356
TI  - Volume dilatometry.

PMID- 18139355
TI  - An instrument for measuring longitudinal spherical aberration of lenses.

PMID- 18139357
TI  - The animal that cannot lie down.

PMID- 18139358
TI  - Studies in Lonchocarpus and related genera; new species from Middle America and
      the Lonchocarpus guatemalensis complex.

PMID- 18139359
TI  - Effect of low temperature on the absorption spectra of haemoproteins; with
      observations on the absorption spectrum of oxygen.

PMID- 18139360
TI  - Some observations on the mode of action of penicillin.

PMID- 18139361
TI  - Effect of X-rays on the incorporation of carbon-14 into animal tissue.

PMID- 18139362
TI  - Self-regulation of the muscle contraction by facilitation and inhibition from its
      proprioceptors.

PMID- 18139363
TI  - Origin and site of formation of fructose in the foetal sheep.

PMID- 18139364
TI  - Drug action of formaldehyde derivatives of sulphathiazole.

PMID- 18139365
TI  - Molybdenum and sulphur in symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

PMID- 18139366
TI  - Fluorescence of soil contituents in ultra-violet light.

PMID- 18139367
TI  - Beta decay of thulium-170.

PMID- 18139368
TI  - Calculation of factorial moments of certain probability distributions.

PMID- 18139369
TI  - Production of heavy mesons in cosmic ray stars.

PMID- 18139370
TI  - COPYING from journals of scientific papers.

PMID- 18139371
TI  - The personality of peoples.

PMID- 18139372
TI  - Potassium.

PMID- 18139373
TI  - Radioactivity and time.

PMID- 18139374
TI  - The composition of Irish drinking waters, with special reference to the
      distribution and significance of fluoride.

PMID- 18139375
TI  - Neuro-surgery in the new born.

PMID- 18139376
TI  - Studies on surviving human placental tissue; the placental production of
      gonadotrophin.

PMID- 18139377
TI  - Alkalosis and tetany following protracted vomiting.

PMID- 18139378
TI  - Cesarean section experience in 1948.

PMID- 18139379
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139380
TI  - New contributory data to the prognosis of puerperium.

PMID- 18139381
TI  - Gonads, adrenals and intersexuality.

PMID- 18139382
TI  - Studies on hypoproteinemia; familial idiopathic dysproteinemia.

PMID- 18139383
TI  - Periodic (cyclic) neutropenia, an entity; a collection of 16 cases.

PMID- 18139384
TI  - Liver extract refractory megaloblastic anemia.

PMID- 18139385
TI  - A note on the effectiveness of vitamin B12 in the treatment of tropical sprue in
      relapse.

PMID- 18139386
TI  - Dicumarol therapy controlled by the stabilized thrombin method for determination
      of prothrombin.

PMID- 18139387
TI  - The effect of folic acid on the toxicity of its analogue 4-aminopteroylglutamic
      acid.

PMID- 18139388
TI  - Erythrocytopoiesis in the nervous system of the embryonic rat.

PMID- 18139390
TI  - The garden in history.

PMID- 18139389
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139391
TI  - Botanical gardens in America.

PMID- 18139392
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139393
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139394
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139395
TI  - Present-day trends in hospital administration.

PMID- 18139396
TI  - What it takes to be an Arctic nurse.

PMID- 18139397
TI  - Well-planned expansion at St. Elizabeth's Hospital Brighton, Mass.

PMID- 18139399
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139398
TI  - Is it permissible to use ergot preparations to control hemorrhage in cases of
      threatened, inevitable, or incomplete abortion?

PMID- 18139400
TI  - Sorry, wrong patient.

PMID- 18139401
TI  - For better medical-hospital relations the specialty problem must be solved.

PMID- 18139402
TI  - The national health problem; its diagnosis, etiology and treatment.

PMID- 18139403
TI  - Establishing a blood bank.

PMID- 18139404
TI  - Quantitative studies on the origin and characteristics of streptomycin-fast
      variants of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID- 18139405
TI  - The effect of age upon susceptibility to infection with influenza virus.

PMID- 18139406
TI  - Pathogenesis of local tetanus in the dog and the cat.

PMID- 18139407
TI  - Antihemagglutinating and neutralizing factors against Newcastle disease virus
      occurring in sera of Patients convalescent from mumps.

PMID- 18139408
TI  - The occurrence of antibodies for Pneumococcus type II in the serum of normal
      rabbits.

PMID- 18139409
TI  - Multiplication of pneumonia virus in mice in the rabbit lung and the
      demonstration of a hemagglutinating component in lung suspensions from normal
      animals.

PMID- 18139410
TI  - Purification pH stability and sedimentation properties of the T7 bacteriophage of
      Escherichia coli.

PMID- 18139412
TI  - Skin cleaners for industry.

PMID- 18139411
TI  - Studies on the chemotherapy of virus infections; general anesthetics and other
      drugs ineffective against experimental virus infections in mice.

PMID- 18139413
TI  - Motor of windshield wiper furnishes power for mobile air sampler.

PMID- 18139414
TI  - Disinfection of the air with triethylene glycol vapor.

PMID- 18139415
TI  - Electrophoretic, nitrogen and lipide analyses of plasma and plasma fractions of
      healthy young men.

PMID- 18139416
TI  - A spontaneously precipitable protein in human sera, with particular reference to
      the diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa.

PMID- 18139417
TI  - Acute diffuse glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 18139418
TI  - Pulmonary adenomatosis.

PMID- 18139419
TI  - Prognosis of acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 18139420
TI  - Recent advances in streptomycin therapy.

PMID- 18139421
TI  - Acute diffuse glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 18139422
TI  - Diffuse progressive interstitial fibrosis of the lungs.

PMID- 18139423
TI  - A syndrome characterized by generalized cutaneous eruption, chorioretinitis and
      eosinophilia, probably due to chronic toxoplasma infection.

PMID- 18139424
TI  - The management of embolism of the arteries of the extremities.

PMID- 18139425
TI  - The prevention of arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 18139427
TI  - Surgery of the gallbladder; postoperative study of 150 cases.

PMID- 18139426
TI  - Chronic suppurative apocrine glandular infection (hidradenitis suppurativa)
      report of two cases.

PMID- 18139428
TI  - Spontaneous massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage with report of a case.

PMID- 18139429
TI  - Subacute glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 18139431
TI  - Early ambulation in obstetrics.

PMID- 18139430
TI  - Para-amino-salicylic acid in the treatment of tuberculosis.

PMID- 18139432
TI  - Clinical and biochemical study of remissions in nonspecific arthritis; report of
      a case.

PMID- 18139433
TI  - Aerosol and micromized ephedrine and penicillin therapy of diseases of the lower
      respiratory tract; treatment of bronchitis, bronchiectasis and intrinsic asthma.

PMID- 18139434
TI  - Reflex vasodilatation by body heating in diagnosis of peripheral vascular
      disorders; a criticism of methods.

PMID- 18139435
TI  - Familial periodic paralysis; report on two families, with observations on the
      pathogenesis of the syndrome.

PMID- 18139436
TI  - Clinical syndrome of occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery;
      report of three cases.

PMID- 18139437
TI  - Relation of pulmonary embolism to peripheral thrombosis.

PMID- 18139438
TI  - Pernicious anemia in early adolescence; report of a case in a girl of 14.

PMID- 18139439
TI  - Gastroenterology; a review of the literature from July 1947 to July 1948.

PMID- 18139440
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139441
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139442
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139443
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139444
TI  - Reform in medical education.

PMID- 18139445
TI  - The teaching of physiology.

PMID- 18139446
TI  - The teaching of chemistry.

PMID- 18139447
TI  - On teaching physics to medical students.

PMID- 18139448
TI  - The training of the teacher.

PMID- 18139449
TI  - Optimal methods in the treatment of ophthalmia neonatorum.

PMID- 18139450
TI  - Infection with penicillin-resistant staphylococci in hospital and general
      practice.

PMID- 18139451
TI  - Homologous serum jaundice.

PMID- 18139452
TI  - Iso-immunization by blood-group factors A and B in man.

PMID- 18139453
TI  - Acute pericarditis simulating cardiac infarction.

PMID- 18139454
TI  - Gangrenous intussusception.

PMID- 18139455
TI  - Recent developments in anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 18139456
TI  - Diagnosis of congenital heart disease by angiography and aortography.

PMID- 18139457
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of sciatica.

PMID- 18139458
TI  - Thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 18139459
TI  - Management of thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 18139460
TI  - Carcinoma of the bladder; ureteral transplant and total cystectomy.

PMID- 18139461
TI  - The lymph node biopsy.

PMID- 18139462
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139463
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139464
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139465
TI  - Vertigo of aural origin.

PMID- 18139466
TI  - Morbidity and pathology of transposed abdominal viscera.

PMID- 18139467
TI  - Studies on poliomyelitis in Ontario; observations on the apparent infectiousness
      of the acute case.

PMID- 18139468
TI  - Improved results in perforated peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18139469
TI  - Resuscitation of the surgical patient.

PMID- 18139470
TI  - Changing concepts in prostatic surgery.

PMID- 18139471
TI  - Medical management of bronchial asthma.

PMID- 18139472
TI  - The pathology and treatment of the post-phlebitic leg and its complications.

PMID- 18139474
TI  - Chronic duodenal ulcer with reference to hormonal influences and surgical
      treatment.

PMID- 18139473
TI  - A method of treatment of urethral strictures.

PMID- 18139475
TI  - Technical equipment for vasal catheterization.

PMID- 18139476
TI  - The importance of the prone position in the roentgenologic diagnosis of slight
      mitral disease.

PMID- 18139478
TI  - A synthesis of the prevailing patterns of the bronchopulmonary segments in the
      light of their variations.

PMID- 18139477
TI  - Chordomata; with report of a sacrococcygeal case.

PMID- 18139479
TI  - Electrocardiographic patterns in pneumothorax.

PMID- 18139480
TI  - Some experiences with the after care of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18139481
TI  - The treatment of essential hypertension.

PMID- 18139482
TI  - An executive's view of industrial medicine.

PMID- 18139483
TI  - Inhibition of chloroform-adrenaline fibrillation by antihistaminics.

PMID- 18139484
TI  - Effect of antihistaminics on arrhythmias following coronary artery ligation.

PMID- 18139485
TI  - Postpartum heart disease.

PMID- 18139486
TI  - Liver function tests.

PMID- 18139487
TI  - Blood alcohol and the doctor.

PMID- 18139488
TI  - The idea of social medicine in America.

PMID- 18139489
TI  - [Treatment of fetal erythroblastosis].

PMID- 18139490
TI  - [Streptomycin in urology].

PMID- 18139491
TI  - [New methods of treatment of gastro-duodenal ulcers].

PMID- 18139492
TI  - [Toxic reactions in a patient treated with methylthiouracil].

PMID- 18139493
TI  - [Aplasia of the salivary glands].

PMID- 18139494
TI  - [Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis sepsis].

PMID- 18139495
TI  - [Diagnostic method of tuberculosis].

PMID- 18139496
TI  - [Diseases of the circulatory system and their relation to the ability to work].

PMID- 18139497
TI  - [Calmette's vaccination].

PMID- 18139498
TI  - [Precautions to be taken by tubercular parents].

PMID- 18139499
TI  - [Surgery of malignant tumors of the cardia and oesophagus and of advanced cancer
      of the stomach].

PMID- 18139500
TI  - [Fatal case of puerperal sepsis].

PMID- 18139501
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139502
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139503
TI  - [Gastrointestinal hormones].

PMID- 18139504
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139505
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139506
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139507
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139508
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139509
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139510
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139511
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139512
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139514
TI  - Analysis of cancer of the breast at the Waterbury Hospital, 1931-1948.

PMID- 18139513
TI  - Reduction of mortality in surgery of the aged.

PMID- 18139515
TI  - Coexisting primary cancer of the ovary and fundus uteri.

PMID- 18139516
TI  - A comparative study of various apparatus and techniques for aerosol
      administration.

PMID- 18139517
TI  - The Brown report and its relation to nursing in Connecticut.

PMID- 18139518
TI  - The impact of socialized medicine on the British physician and his patient.

PMID- 18139519
TI  - Tuberculosis morbidity and mortality in Delaware.

PMID- 18139520
TI  - Public health nursing functions in a tuberculosis control program.

PMID- 18139521
TI  - The cancer program of the State Board of Health.

PMID- 18139522
TI  - Marriage trends.

PMID- 18139523
TI  - Vital points of the Delaware Premarital Law.

PMID- 18139524
TI  - Expansion of crippled children's services in Delaware under the State Board of
      Health.

PMID- 18139525
TI  - The value of early recognition of congenital defects.

PMID- 18139526
TI  - The fluorine program in Delaware.

PMID- 18139527
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139528
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139529
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139530
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139531
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139532
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139533
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139534
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139535
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139536
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139537
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139538
TI  - The preparation of the whole patient for cataract surgery.

PMID- 18139539
TI  - The renal excretion of salt and water.

PMID- 18139540
TI  - Modern hearing tests.

PMID- 18139541
TI  - Painless jaundice.

PMID- 18139542
TI  - Periodic disease; periodic fever, periodic abdominalgia, cyclic neutropenia,
      intermittent arthralgia, angioneurotic edema, anaphylactoid purpura and periodic
      paralysis.

PMID- 18139543
TI  - Treatment of shigella enteritis with oral streptomycin; a report of 34 cases.

PMID- 18139544
TI  - Acute hemolytic anemia due to naphthalene poisoning; a clinical and experimental
      study.

PMID- 18139545
TI  - Topical bacitracin therapy of pyogenic dermatoses; a clinical report.

PMID- 18139546
TI  - Poisoning due to tetraethylpyrophosphate.

PMID- 18139548
TI  - Progress without statistics.

PMID- 18139547
TI  - Positive methyl alcohol reactions in the tissues of a young person dying in
      diabetic coma.

PMID- 18139549
TI  - Beta ray burns of human skin.

PMID- 18139550
TI  - Genetics of atherosclerosis; studies of families with xanthoma and unselected
      patients with coronary artery disease under the age of 50 years.

PMID- 18139551
TI  - Cancer of the biliary tract and pancreas; diagnosis from cytology of duodenal
      aspirations.

PMID- 18139552
TI  - Vitamin B12 and coordination exercises for combined degeneration of the spinal
      cord in pernicious anemia.

PMID- 18139553
TI  - Use of histamine in a retarding menstruum in peripheral vascular disease.

PMID- 18139554
TI  - Purpura and neutropenia in trimethadione therapy; report of a case with recovery.

PMID- 18139555
TI  - The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of acute poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18139556
TI  - Organizing a new medical school.

PMID- 18139557
TI  - The medical curriculum and the teaching of psychiatry.

PMID- 18139558
TI  - The Tennessee four quarter plan after 18 years.

PMID- 18139559
TI  - The art of medical practice.

PMID- 18139560
TI  - Cancer of the breast; a comparison study of findings in a charity clinic and in a
      private clinic.

PMID- 18139561
TI  - Early closure of burn areas.

PMID- 18139562
TI  - New drugs.

PMID- 18139563
TI  - Pelvic pain in women.

PMID- 18139564
TI  - Lower nephron nephrosis.

PMID- 18139565
TI  - Late cutaneous relapse following the rapid treatment of early syphilis with
      penicillin; report of a case.

PMID- 18139566
TI  - Studies of the differences between biuret and Kjeldahl determinations of serum
      proteins; experimental peritonitis.

PMID- 18139567
TI  - Studies of the differences between biuret and Kjeldahl determination of serum
      proteins; effect of occlusion of the hepatic artery and ligation of the
      gastroduodenal artery on serum proteins.

PMID- 18139568
TI  - Studies of the differences between biuret and Kjeldahl determinations of serum
      proteins; liver and other diseases.

PMID- 18139569
TI  - Heberden's nodes; the relationship of the menopause to degenerative joint disease
      of the fingers.

PMID- 18139570
TI  - The state of component A (prothrombin) in human blood; evidence that it is partly
      free and partly in an inactive or precursor form.

PMID- 18139571
TI  - Failure of sensitized sheep cell agglutination to clarify the diagnosis of
      rheumatic disease.

PMID- 18139572
TI  - Evaluation of an in vitro heparin tolerance test for thromboembolic disease.

PMID- 18139573
TI  - Observations on the coagulation defect in thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 18139574
TI  - Serum glutamic acid levels and the occurrence of nausea and vomiting after the
      intravenous administration of amino acid mixtures.

PMID- 18139575
TI  - Carbonic anhydrase activity in sickle cell anemia, sickle cell trait, and
      pernicious anemia.

PMID- 18139576
TI  - Clinical studies on thiomerin, a new mercurial diuretic.

PMID- 18139577
TI  - Effect of epinephrine on vitamin A and glucose blood levels in normal and
      cirrhotic subjects.

PMID- 18139578
TI  - Primary histoplasmosis with recovery of Histoplasma capsulatum from the blood and
      bronchial secretions.

PMID- 18139579
TI  - A new mounting for the electrokymograph.

PMID- 18139580
TI  - Methods for the determinations of radioactive phosphorus (P32) in body fluids.

PMID- 18139582
TI  - Surgical treatment of varicose veins.

PMID- 18139581
TI  - A simple, inexpensive apparatus for the desiccation of bacteria and other
      substances.

PMID- 18139583
TI  - Cytology and uterine cancer detection in general practice.

PMID- 18139584
TI  - The treatment of bronchiectasis.

PMID- 18139585
TI  - A statistical analysis of private practice in Eastport, Maine.

PMID- 18139586
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139587
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139588
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139589
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139590
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139591
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139592
TI  - The clinical value of aureomycin; a review of current literature and some
      unpublished data.

PMID- 18139593
TI  - Metabolic changes in anesthesia under various states of nutrition.

PMID- 18139594
TI  - Lymphosarcoma of the thorax; report of a case.

PMID- 18139595
TI  - Up-to-date views on management of syphilis.

PMID- 18139596
TI  - Newer concepts of epilepsy.

PMID- 18139597
TI  - Intra-ventricular brain tumors.

PMID- 18139598
TI  - The electroencephalogram in severe head injuries with tantalum cranioplasty.

PMID- 18139599
TI  - The effects of certain steroid compounds on various manifestations of rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 18139600
TI  - A simplified method of diagnosing peptic ulceration and determining activity.

PMID- 18139601
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139602
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139603
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139605
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139604
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139606
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139607
TI  - Renal physiology and hypertension.

PMID- 18139608
TI  - Clinical gastroscopy.

PMID- 18139609
TI  - Hyaluronidase.

PMID- 18139610
TI  - Insulin therapy; successes and problems.

PMID- 18139611
TI  - The Guillain-Barre syndrome or acute infective polyneuritis.

PMID- 18139612
TI  - Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus in the anterior nares of healthy children.

PMID- 18139613
TI  - Serum-enzyme changes in perforated peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18139614
TI  - A method of central sterilization of syringes in hospital.

PMID- 18139615
TI  - Ovarian pregnancy.

PMID- 18139616
TI  - Intravenous procaine for postoperative atelectasis.

PMID- 18139617
TI  - TRANSVERSE myelitis.

PMID- 18139618
TI  - Dysmenorrhoea.

PMID- 18139619
TI  - Vitamin B12 by mouth in pernicious and nutritional macrocytic anaemia and sprue.

PMID- 18139620
TI  - Urinary excretion of radioactive iodine as a diagnostic aid in thyroid disorders.

PMID- 18139621
TI  - Urinary excretion of radioactive iodine as a diagnostic test in thyroid disease.

PMID- 18139622
TI  - Transorbital leucotomy; some results and observations.

PMID- 18139623
TI  - Guide impactor for use with Capener-Neufeld nail.

PMID- 18139624
TI  - A state practice in Swedish Lapland.

PMID- 18139625
TI  - Overdose of amphetamine.

PMID- 18139626
TI  - [New trends in Czechoslovakian balneology].

PMID- 18139627
TI  - [Effects of Karlovy Vary Spa therapy on the liver and biliary passages].

PMID- 18139628
TI  - [Treatment of arterial occlusion with mud poultices].

PMID- 18139629
TI  - [Therapy of obesity in Marianske Lazne Spa].

PMID- 18139630
TI  - [Direct effect of natural gaseous carbon dioxide baths].

PMID- 18139631
TI  - [Mineral water Rudolfka of Marianske Lazne Spa and its use in acute nonspecific
      cystitis in women].

PMID- 18139632
TI  - [Climatological contribution to the therapy of hypertension in Marianske Lazne
      Spa in 1948].

PMID- 18139633
TI  - [Regeneration of the peat].

PMID- 18139634
TI  - [Changes in chemical structure of stored mineral water].

PMID- 18139635
TI  - [Age of the mineral water of Frantiskovy Lazne Spa and its enzymatic activity].

PMID- 18139636
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139637
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139638
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139639
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139640
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139641
TI  - Massive haemorrhage from peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18139642
TI  - The role of the anaesthetist in massive peptic haemorrhage.

PMID- 18139643
TI  - Carcinoma of the stomach; a statistical summary.

PMID- 18139644
TI  - Treatment of neurosyphilis.

PMID- 18139645
TI  - Treatment of toxic goiters with radioactive iodine.

PMID- 18139646
TI  - Thyroid nodules, benign and malignant; observations on their function.

PMID- 18139647
TI  - Problems in the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 18139648
TI  - Problems in the diagnosis and management of myxedema.

PMID- 18139649
TI  - Management of essential hypertension.

PMID- 18139650
TI  - Treatment of hypertension in children by sympathectomies.

PMID- 18139651
TI  - The therapeutic indications for nitrogen mustards in lymphoma.

PMID- 18139652
TI  - The dumping syndrome.

PMID- 18139653
TI  - Chronic gastritis as a source of gross hemorrhage; a report and discussion of
      four cases.

PMID- 18139654
TI  - The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18139655
TI  - Clinical tests of endocrine function.

PMID- 18139656
TI  - Malignant degeneration in ulcerative colitis; report of seven cases.

PMID- 18139657
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of headache.

PMID- 18139658
TI  - The management of intestinal obstruction.

PMID- 18139659
TI  - The management of urinary infections.

PMID- 18139660
TI  - Principles of the surgery of the skin.

PMID- 18139661
TI  - Pre-operative radiotherapy in the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma.

PMID- 18139662
TI  - The injured back.

PMID- 18139663
TI  - The indications for operation on the injured back.

PMID- 18139664
TI  - Endometriosis.

PMID- 18139665
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139666
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139667
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139668
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139669
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139670
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139671
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139672
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139673
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139675
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139676
TI  - Melanoma.

PMID- 18139674
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139677
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139678
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139679
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139680
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139681
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139682
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139683
TI  - Indications for gastrectomy.

PMID- 18139684
TI  - A brief survey of immunization and its results during the past 10 years.

PMID- 18139685
TI  - Anaesthesia in general practice.

PMID- 18139686
TI  - The aetiology of mental deficiency.

PMID- 18139687
TI  - Diabetes mellitus; practical management of ambulatory cases.

PMID- 18139688
TI  - Streptomycin and sulfathalidine in bowel surgery.

PMID- 18139689
TI  - Crowe's vaccine combined with conventional measures in the management of
      arthritis.

PMID- 18139690
TI  - The modern treatment of leprosy.

PMID- 18139691
TI  - The malpractice problem.

PMID- 18139692
TI  - Report of research studies of emotional factors in three types of physically
      handicapped children.

PMID- 18139693
TI  - Disturbances of micturition.

PMID- 18139694
TI  - Tropical travel risks.

PMID- 18139695
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139696
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139698
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139697
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139700
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139699
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139701
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139702
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139704
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139705
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139706
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139707
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139708
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139709
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139710
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139711
TI  - Aureomycin in the treatment of pneumonia in infants and children.

PMID- 18139712
TI  - Development of tolerance to ergot alkaloids in a patient with unusually severe
      migraine.

PMID- 18139713
TI  - Localized pretibial myxedema; a stigma of hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 18139715
TI  - Suprasellar epidermal cyst.

PMID- 18139714
TI  - Gastrointestinal allergy.

PMID- 18139716
TI  - Carcinoma of gall bladder.

PMID- 18139717
TI  - Medical considerations in the care of elderly patients with hip fractures.

PMID- 18139718
TI  - Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis in the adult.

PMID- 18139719
TI  - Radiation exposures from the use of shoe-fitting fluoroscopes.

PMID- 18139720
TI  - Gastrointestinal allergy.

PMID- 18139721
TI  - Torsion and infarction of ovarian fibroma.

PMID- 18139722
TI  - Treatment of syphilis in private practice.

PMID- 18139723
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139724
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139726
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139727
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139728
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139729
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139730
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139731
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139732
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139733
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139734
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139735
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139736
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139737
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139738
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139741
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139742
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139743
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139744
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139745
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139746
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139747
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139748
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139749
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139750
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139751
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139752
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139753
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139754
TI  - The choice of cases for uretero-intestinal anastomosis.

PMID- 18139755
TI  - Surgical treatment of hypertension; present concepts.

PMID- 18139756
TI  - Pediatric education and the practicing physician.

PMID- 18139757
TI  - Roentgen findings in injuries of the wrist.

PMID- 18139758
TI  - Short history of psychiatry and neurology in Pennsylvania.

PMID- 18139759
TI  - Onchocerciasis in America.

PMID- 18139760
TI  - Vitallium cup arthroplasty in the treatment of degenerative arthritis of the hip;
      report of six cases.

PMID- 18139761
TI  - Interstitial cystitis; report of 223 cases, 204 women and 19 men.

PMID- 18139762
TI  - Emboli of the brachial and popliteal arteries; case report.

PMID- 18139764
TI  - Management of patients with renal lithiasis.

PMID- 18139763
TI  - Total facial reconstruction following burns.

PMID- 18139765
TI  - Surgical treatment of asthma.

PMID- 18139766
TI  - Surgical aspects of duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 18139767
TI  - Etiology of varicose veins.

PMID- 18139768
TI  - [Nitritoid crises, its diagnosis, treatment and prevention].

PMID- 18139769
TI  - [Dried milk and its use in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 18139770
TI  - [Emergency surgery in hemophilia].

PMID- 18139771
TI  - [Localization of lipomas].

PMID- 18139772
TI  - [Medical control in physical education].

PMID- 18139773
TI  - [Problem of child mortality].

PMID- 18139774
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139775
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139777
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139776
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139778
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139779
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139780
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139781
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139782
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139784
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139783
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139785
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139786
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139787
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139788
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139789
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139790
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139791
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139792
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139794
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139793
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139795
TI  - Vagotomy; immediate results in 28 cases and later results in 68 cases.

PMID- 18139796
TI  - Conservative management of chemical burns of the esophagus and their sequelae.

PMID- 18139798
TI  - A phylogenetic concept of allergy.

PMID- 18139797
TI  - The effect of combined therapy with streptomycin and para-aminosalicylic acid on
      experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs.

PMID- 18139799
TI  - Observations on the formation of connective tissue fibers.

PMID- 18139800
TI  - The cellular transfer of cutaneous hypersensitivity to tuberculin in man.

PMID- 18139801
TI  - Acetylcholine-like action of a product formed by an acetylating enzyme system
      derived from brain.

PMID- 18139802
TI  - New substrates for cholinesterases.

PMID- 18139803
TI  - Mobilization of radioactive sodium from the gastronomies muscle of the dog.

PMID- 18139804
TI  - Is the salivary lactobacillus count a valid index of activity of dental caries?

PMID- 18139805
TI  - Nucleoproteins and the cytological chemistry of Paramecium nuclei.

PMID- 18139806
TI  - Reactions of normal ovaries to injections of stilbestrol.

PMID- 18139807
TI  - Male mice tolerate dosages of pteroylglutamic acid lethal to females.

PMID- 18139808
TI  - Mechanism of proteinuria; identity of urinary proteins in the rat following
      parenteral protein injection.

PMID- 18139809
TI  - Some observations on growth factors required by Leuconostoc citrovorum.

PMID- 18139810
TI  - The lipotropic effect of estrogenic hormones in inbred rats.

PMID- 18139811
TI  - Prevention of chemotherapeutic effects of 4-amino-N10-methyl-pteroylglutamic acid
      on mouse leukemia by pteroylglutamic acid.

PMID- 18139813
TI  - Effect of febrile plasma, typhoid vaccine and nitrogen mustard on renal
      manifestations of human glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 18139812
TI  - Effect of aluminum hydroxide gel and calcium lactate on serum bicarbonate.

PMID- 18139814
TI  - Occurrence of a transient leucocytosis during the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction.

PMID- 18139815
TI  - A new method of flame photometry.

PMID- 18139816
TI  - Intracellular distribution of vitamin B6 in rat and mouse livers and induced rat
      liver tumors.

PMID- 18139817
TI  - Healing of tuberculous pulmonary cavities by means of skin grafts.

PMID- 18139818
TI  - Effect of alloxan in rabbits with temporary occlusion of the arteries to the
      pancreas.

PMID- 18139819
TI  - Effect of uric acid in glutathione-deficient rabbits.

PMID- 18139820
TI  - Effect of germination on phytin content and phytase activity of some common
      Indian pulses.

PMID- 18139821
TI  - Creatinine, potassium, and virus content of the muscles following infection with
      the Coxsackie virus.

PMID- 18139822
TI  - The role of complement in the lysis of leucocytes by tuberculo-protein.

PMID- 18139823
TI  - Alloxan subdiabetes in rabbits detected by modification of glucose tolerance by
      adrenal cortex extract.

PMID- 18139824
TI  - A self-contained method for the administration of fluids at regular rates.

PMID- 18139825
TI  - Apparatus for cross transfusion.

PMID- 18139826
TI  - Reversal of insulin-induced hypoglycemia in chick embryos by nicotinamide and
      alpha-ketoglutaric acid.

PMID- 18139828
TI  - Replacement of a portion of the common bile duct with a segment of uterine horn.

PMID- 18139827
TI  - Influence of methionine and thiouracil on nitrogen balance index and organ
      weights of adult rat.

PMID- 18139829
TI  - Observations on experimental aortic anastomosis.

PMID- 18139830
TI  - Isolation of an anti-thyroid compound from rape seed (Brassica napus).

PMID- 18139831
TI  - Effect of administration of sodium benzoate on the level of glutamine in blood.

PMID- 18139833
TI  - Effect of incubation on the cholesterol partition in human serum.

PMID- 18139832
TI  - Aureomycin in experimental polyarthritis with preliminary trials in clinical
      arthritis.

PMID- 18139834
TI  - Effect of antihistamine on the localization of trypan blue in xylene treated
      areas of skin.

PMID- 18139835
TI  - Studies on elimination of penicillin G in dogs.

PMID- 18139836
TI  - Electron microscopy study of chick embryo erythrocytes.

PMID- 18139837
TI  - Effect of thymine desoxyriboside on human pernicious anemia.

PMID- 18139838
TI  - Local sweating in man induced by intradermal epinephrine.

PMID- 18139839
TI  - Effect of feeding dried egg plant (Solanum melonga L.) on plasma cholesterol.

PMID- 18139840
TI  - Synthesis of nucleic acid and phosphoprotein in normal and cancer tissue slices
      studied with radio phosphorus.

PMID- 18139841
TI  - Low speed microtomy for the electron miscroscope.

PMID- 18139843
TI  - Use of antitryptic agents in tissue culture; crude soybean trypsin-inhibitor.

PMID- 18139842
TI  - The rate and total loss of body water on the survival time of adrenalectomized
      frogs.

PMID- 18139844
TI  - The mechanism by which dibenamine blocks pituitary activation in the rabbit and
      rat.

PMID- 18139845
TI  - Intraventricular pressure curves of the human heart obtained by direct
      transthoracic puncture.

PMID- 18139846
TI  - Spiral arterial structures in the fetal placenta.

PMID- 18139847
TI  - Effects of intravenous injection in dogs of staphylokinase and dog serum
      fibrinolysin.

PMID- 18139848
TI  - Lethal effect of triethylene glycol vapor on air-borne mumps virus and Newcastle
      disease virus.

PMID- 18139849
TI  - Effect of ammonium chloride on serum sodium/chloride ratio in foreign serum
      arteritis in rabbits.

PMID- 18139850
TI  - Protective effect of vitamin B12 upon hepatic injury produced by carbon
      tetrachloride.

PMID- 18139851
TI  - Relation of fat deficiency symptoms to the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of
      the tissues of the mature rat.

PMID- 18139852
TI  - The blocking effect of nembutal on the ovulatory discharge of gonadotrophin in
      the cyclic rat.

PMID- 18139853
TI  - Lethal brucella infections in white mice produced with the aid of the mucin
      technic.

PMID- 18139854
TI  - The antidiuretic action of relaxin-containing preparations.

PMID- 18139855
TI  - A chemical method for the detection of virus infection of the chick embryo.

PMID- 18139856
TI  - Hemagglutination with the GDVII strain of mouse encephalo myelitis virus.

PMID- 18139857
TI  - Hemagglutination by Columbia SK, Columbia MM, mengo encephalomyelitis and
      encephalomyocarditis viruses; experiments with other viruses.

PMID- 18139858
TI  - Veriloid, a new hypotensive extract of Veratrum viride.

PMID- 18139859
TI  - A comparison of desocyribonucleic acid content in certain nuclei of normal liver
      and liver tumors.

PMID- 18139860
TI  - Excretion of radiocalcium by normal rats.

PMID- 18139861
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139862
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139863
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139864
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139865
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139866
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139867
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139868
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139869
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139870
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139871
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139872
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139873
TI  - [Place and importance of radiological semiology in the assessment of mitral
      heart].

PMID- 18139874
TI  - [Endoscopic surgery of the ureterocele].

PMID- 18139875
TI  - The plastic repair of injuries to the male genitalia.

PMID- 18139876
TI  - Vascular accidents of the extremities.

PMID- 18139877
TI  - Instrumentation in relation to electromyography; factors influencing recording
      and interpretation of electromyograms.

PMID- 18139878
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139879
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139880
TI  - Mass suppression with chloroquine; chloroquine and pentaquine; and neopremaline.

PMID- 18139881
TI  - [Orientation behavior in bile duct surgery].

PMID- 18139882
TI  - [Treatment of veneral chancre with sulfathiourea].

PMID- 18139883
TI  - [Costal approximator].

PMID- 18139884
TI  - Tuberculosis of the vulva with special emphasis on treatment with streptomycin.

PMID- 18139885
TI  - Osteo-arthritis; orthopaedic aspects of treatment.

PMID- 18139886
TI  - The development of post-graduate medical studies in South Africa.

PMID- 18139887
TI  - Detachment of the retina; some practical experiences in the operative treatment.

PMID- 18139888
TI  - Ophthalmology in general practice.

PMID- 18139889
TI  - A case of gastro-gynaecological interest.

PMID- 18139890
TI  - Haemochromatosis; report of a case in a female.

PMID- 18139891
TI  - The use of curare and pentothal sodium modifying electroconvulsive therapy.

PMID- 18139892
TI  - The painful shoulder.

PMID- 18139893
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139894
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139895
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139896
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139897
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139898
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139899
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139900
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139901
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139902
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139903
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139904
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139905
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139906
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139907
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139909
TI  - A static and dynamic muscle schema.

PMID- 18139908
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139910
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139911
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139912
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139913
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139914
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139915
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139916
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139917
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139918
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139919
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139920
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139922
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139921
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139923
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139924
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139925
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139926
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139927
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139928
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139929
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139930
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139931
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139932
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139933
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139934
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139935
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139936
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139937
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139938
TI  - The surgery of primary glaucoma.

PMID- 18139939
TI  - Lipid pneumonia.

PMID- 18139940
TI  - Arrhythmias in normal hearts.

PMID- 18139941
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas.

PMID- 18139942
TI  - Studies on the absorption, excretion and acute toxicity of a sulfonamide mixture.

PMID- 18139944
TI  - The principles of traction and suspension in the treatment of fractures.

PMID- 18139943
TI  - Combined therapy of infectious disease.

PMID- 18139945
TI  - The surgical management of duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 18139946
TI  - Medical school financing in theory and practice.

PMID- 18139947
TI  - Skin cancer; a 10-year survey in private practice.

PMID- 18139948
TI  - [Studies on epidemic hepatitis, especially the classification of the pathogenic
      organism].

PMID- 18139949
TI  - [Method of sutural contraction of exfoliation of the lungs outside the pleura].

PMID- 18139950
TI  - [Results in a few biological tests on rabbits for resistance to tuberculosis].

PMID- 18139951
TI  - [The pharmacology of the alkylresorcinols, especially of hexylresorcinol].

PMID- 18139952
TI  - [Congenital deformities and rubella in the initial stage of pregnancy].

PMID- 18139953
TI  - [The use of penicillin in obstetrics].

PMID- 18139954
TI  - [Cases of pregnancy among sufferers from chronic medullary leukemia].

PMID- 18139955
TI  - [Epidemiology and quarantine].

PMID- 18139956
TI  - [Diathesis from the standpoint of bacteriology].

PMID- 18139957
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139958
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139959
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139960
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139961
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139962
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139963
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139964
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139965
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139966
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139967
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139968
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139969
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139970
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139971
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139972
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139973
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139974
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139975
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139976
TI  - [Psychoanalysis and Marxism].

PMID- 18139977
TI  - [The CBC in clinical surgery].

PMID- 18139979
TI  - The clinical aspects of electroencephalography.

PMID- 18139978
TI  - [Teaching and research laboratories in the United States of America].

PMID- 18139981
TI  - Pyloric stenosis; its problems and management; report of a case.

PMID- 18139980
TI  - Subshock insulin therapy in anxiety states.

PMID- 18139982
TI  - Prolapse of the gastric mucosa into the duodenum; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18139983
TI  - Sarcoidosis; a review of 11 cases including two autopsies.

PMID- 18139984
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139985
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139986
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139987
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139988
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139989
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139991
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139990
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139992
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139993
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139994
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139995
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139996
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139997
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139998
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18139999
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140000
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140001
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140002
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140003
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140004
TI  - Treatment of carcinoma of the prostate gland.

PMID- 18140005
TI  - Practical aspects of electroencephalography.

PMID- 18140006
TI  - Simple ulcer of the transverse colon; report of a case.

PMID- 18140007
TI  - The handling of the menopause group.

PMID- 18140008
TI  - Roentgenologic diagnosis of gastric cancer.

PMID- 18140009
TI  - Fetal inclusion cysts; report of case with discussion.

PMID- 18140010
TI  - Alcohol.

PMID- 18140011
TI  - Standards of performance in clinical laboratory diagnosis.

PMID- 18140012
TI  - The preoperative use of streptomycin in gastrointestinal surgery.

PMID- 18140013
TI  - Army transport medical service.

PMID- 18140014
TI  - A medical reserve program in a rural community.

PMID- 18140015
TI  - TRENDS in the neuropsychiatric incidence rate.

PMID- 18140016
TI  - Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.

PMID- 18140017
TI  - A case of disseminated sclerosis.

PMID- 18140018
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140019
TI  - Notes on aggression.

PMID- 18140020
TI  - The structure of the grotesque-comic sublimation.

PMID- 18140021
TI  - On the etiology of shared neuroses; remarks in extension of a Freudian
      observation.

PMID- 18140022
TI  - A symposium on constitution and personality.

PMID- 18140023
TI  - A contribution from child psychiatry towards a broader concept of constitution.

PMID- 18140024
TI  - Use of the M.M.P.I. in assessing the Pd factor in psychopathic personalities.

PMID- 18140025
TI  - Psychiatric factors in essential hypertension.

PMID- 18140026
TI  - Organismal materialism and the problem of heredity, constitution and personality.

PMID- 18140027
TI  - [Endarteritis obliterans and obliterating arteriosclerosis of the abdominal
      aorta].

PMID- 18140028
TI  - [Modifications of vascular reaction in injury of peripheral nerves of the
      extremity].

PMID- 18140029
TI  - [Extra-peritoneal bilateral access to the lumbar portion of the sympathetic
      nerve].

PMID- 18140030
TI  - [Resection of temporal and basal vessels in symptomatic therapy of hypertension].

PMID- 18140031
TI  - [Injury of the nerves of the hand and its surgical treatment].

PMID- 18140032
TI  - [Molotkov's method of resection of the cutaneous nerves of the extremity in
      treatment of the phantom limb].

PMID- 18140033
TI  - [Diagnostic significance and pathogenesis of radicular pains in horizontal
      position].

PMID- 18140034
TI  - [Cranioplasty with polymethylmethacrylate].

PMID- 18140035
TI  - [Two cases of primary cranioplasty of a traumatic defect with thermoplast].

PMID- 18140036
TI  - [Metastases in the brain].

PMID- 18140037
TI  - [Salivatory phenomena in neuro-oncological cases].

PMID- 18140038
TI  - Nursing care of psychiatric patients receiving insulin therapy.

PMID- 18140039
TI  - THIRTY years of nursing in Haiti.

PMID- 18140040
TI  - A community home care program.

PMID- 18140041
TI  - Congestive heart failure.

PMID- 18140042
TI  - Heart disease, a public health problem.

PMID- 18140043
TI  - Protection of marriage from syphilis.

PMID- 18140044
TI  - Mothers classes for physical and emotional health.

PMID- 18140045
TI  - Relative to egg biological values and replacement values of some cereal proteins
      in human subjects.

PMID- 18140046
TI  - Improving the nutritive value of flour; the use of enriched and non-enriched
      flour in diets similar to those consumed by certain low-income groups in South
      Carolina.

PMID- 18140047
TI  - Riboflavin metabolism of young women on self-selected diets.

PMID- 18140048
TI  - Artificial enrichment of white rice as a solution to endemic beriberi;
      preliminary report of field trials.

PMID- 18140049
TI  - Nutrition studies during pregnancy; relation of maternal nutrition to condition
      of infant at birth; study of siblings.

PMID- 18140050
TI  - Folic acid studies in the mink and fox.

PMID- 18140051
TI  - The iron metabolism of young women on two levels of intake.

PMID- 18140052
TI  - The nutritive value of cod roe and cod liver.

PMID- 18140053
TI  - Concentrations of various constituents in blood of dairy cows during stages of
      terminal gestation and initial lactation.

PMID- 18140054
TI  - Net protein and growth-promoting values of three different types of yeast
      prepared under identical conditions.

PMID- 18140055
TI  - The essential amino acid content of several vegetables.

PMID- 18140056
TI  - A paradoxical relationship between serum level and liver content of vitamin A.

PMID- 18140057
TI  - A sensitometric method of refraction; theory and practice.

PMID- 18140058
TI  - Formalin solution as a haemostatic agent.

PMID- 18140059
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140060
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140061
TI  - Accommodation and convergence with contact lenses.

PMID- 18140062
TI  - The use of occlusion in the treatment of amblyopia; five case reports.

PMID- 18140063
TI  - Clinical microscopy for diagnosis of nasal sinusitis.

PMID- 18140064
TI  - An otologic syndrome.

PMID- 18140065
TI  - Measurement of accommodation and convergence.

PMID- 18140066
TI  - Submucous resection and rhinoplasty; a combined procedure.

PMID- 18140067
TI  - Foster Kennedy syndrome; case report.

PMID- 18140068
TI  - Congenital and hereditary eye diseases.

PMID- 18140069
TI  - The treatment of crossed eyes.

PMID- 18140070
TI  - The ophthalmologist's contribution to industry.

PMID- 18140071
TI  - Relapsing febrile nodular nonsuppurative panniculitis; a report of a case with a
      review of the literature.

PMID- 18140072
TI  - Onkocytic adenoma of the salivary glands.

PMID- 18140073
TI  - Effect of prolonged intravenous administration of dextrose on beta cells of
      islets of Langerhans.

PMID- 18140074
TI  - Histochemical demonstration of a lipase in carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 18140075
TI  - Healed dissecting aneurysm.

PMID- 18140076
TI  - Skeletal growth and development in mice fed a high protein diet.

PMID- 18140077
TI  - The human aorta; sulfate-containing polyuronides and the deposition of
      cholesterol.

PMID- 18140078
TI  - The human aorta; influence of obesity on the development of arteriosclerosis in
      the human aorta.

PMID- 18140079
TI  - A preinvasive carcinoma of the uterine tube.

PMID- 18140080
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140081
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140082
TI  - On blood changes in liver disease in infancy; on macrocytic hyperchromic anemia
      in congenital atresia of the bile ducts.

PMID- 18140083
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140085
TI  - The effect of specific therapy on the common contagious diseases.

PMID- 18140084
TI  - Clinical and pathological role of d, 1-alpha tocopherol in premature infants;
      studies on the treatment of scleroedema.

PMID- 18140086
TI  - The developmental aspect of child vision.

PMID- 18140087
TI  - Revascularization of the brain through establishment of a cervical arteriovenous
      fistula; effects in children with mental retardation and convulsive disorders.

PMID- 18140088
TI  - The action of aureomycin, of polymyxin B, and of streptomycin in experimental
      murine pertussis.

PMID- 18140089
TI  - Heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis in children.

PMID- 18140090
TI  - Adrenocortical insufficiency in infants with the adrenogenital syndrome; a
      clinical and pathologic study of four cases.

PMID- 18140091
TI  - Simultaneous capillary and venous hemoglobin determinations in the newborn
      infant.

PMID- 18140092
TI  - Small bowel obstruction in infancy and childhood; a radiological interpretation.

PMID- 18140093
TI  - Pharyngeal injury caused by ingestion of glass chipped from baby-food container.

PMID- 18140094
TI  - Accidental thenylene hydrochloride poisoning; report of a case with complete
      recovery.

PMID- 18140095
TI  - Active infantile toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 18140096
TI  - Mycotic infections in children; the budding yeasts as agents of disease.

PMID- 18140097
TI  - Motion sickness in children.

PMID- 18140098
TI  - Current trends in hematology.

PMID- 18140099
TI  - Balance and electrocardiographic studies in a child with potassium deficiency.

PMID- 18140101
TI  - Psychologic aspects of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18140100
TI  - Rupture of the spleen in an erythroblastotic infant.

PMID- 18140102
TI  - Influenzal meningitis, recovery of a case of 4 weeks' duration with the use of a
      new drug, polymyxin B (aerosporin).

PMID- 18140103
TI  - Acute pulmonary aspergillosis; report of a case.

PMID- 18140104
TI  - Influenzal vaccination in infants and children.

PMID- 18140105
TI  - Management of intrathoracic nerve tumors in young children; report of four cases.

PMID- 18140106
TI  - Nevoxantho-endothelioma with ocular involvement.

PMID- 18140107
TI  - Bronchiectasis in childhood; prophylaxis, treatment and progress with a follow-up
      study of 202 cases of established bronchiectasis.

PMID- 18140108
TI  - The potentiating effects of various compounds on the antibacterial activities of
      surface active agents.

PMID- 18140109
TI  - Antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 18140110
TI  - CORTISONE.

PMID- 18140111
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140112
TI  - Anesthesia; chemical constitution of hydrocarbons and cardiac automaticity.

PMID- 18140113
TI  - On the metabolism of histamine; urinary excretion following oral administration;
      B. conjugation in vitro.

PMID- 18140114
TI  - The bronchodilator activity of some analogs of N-isopropylarterenol.

PMID- 18140115
TI  - The curariform activity of N-methylberbamine and N-methylisotetrandine.

PMID- 18140116
TI  - The chemical basis for adrenergic blocking activity in compounds related to
      dibenamine.

PMID- 18140117
TI  - The fate of acetophenetidin in man and methods for the estimation of
      acetophenetidin and its metabolites in biological material.

PMID- 18140118
TI  - The comparative pressor activity of the optical isomers of
      cyclohexylisopropylamine and cyclohexylisopropylmethylamine.

PMID- 18140119
TI  - The assay of curare by the rabbit head-drop method.

PMID- 18140120
TI  - Metabolic transformations of trichlorethylene.

PMID- 18140121
TI  - Studies on the toxicity and pharmacological action of sodium N-p
      chlorophenyldiazothiourea.

PMID- 18140122
TI  - Further observations on the effect of rutin and related compounds on cutaneous
      capillaries.

PMID- 18140124
TI  - Small scale ampoule production.

PMID- 18140123
TI  - Comparative in vivo and in vitro effect of methadone upon the Qo2 of rat liver,
      kidney and jejunum.

PMID- 18140125
TI  - Improved apparatus for dispensing penicillin in hospitals.

PMID- 18140126
TI  - DEATH from thallium acetate; an error of dosage.

PMID- 18140128
TI  - Electrical responses of the human retina.

PMID- 18140127
TI  - Para-aminosalicylsyra (PAS) ett nytt kemoterapeutikum.

PMID- 18140129
TI  - The effect of inter-sensory stimulation on dark adaptation and night vision.

PMID- 18140130
TI  - A scale of subjective brightness.

PMID- 18140131
TI  - Response latency as a function of the amount of reinforcement.

PMID- 18140132
TI  - Factors influencing the occurrence of reminiscence; attempted formal rehearsal
      during the interpolated period.

PMID- 18140133
TI  - Reminiscence in pursuit-rotor learning as a function of length of rest and of
      amount of pre-rest practice.

PMID- 18140134
TI  - Performance and reminiscence in motor learning as a function of the degree of
      distribution of practice.

PMID- 18140135
TI  - Extinction as a function of partial reinforcement and distribution of practice.

PMID- 18140136
TI  - Distributed practice in verbal learning and the maturation hypothesis.

PMID- 18140137
TI  - The perception of the vertical; visual and non-labyrinthine cues.

PMID- 18140138
TI  - The apparent length of tilted lines.

PMID- 18140140
TI  - Involuntary blink rate and illumination intensity in visual work.

PMID- 18140139
TI  - The relative difficulty of the number, form, and color concepts of a Weigl-type
      problem.

PMID- 18140141
TI  - The discrimination of small differences in the time of mechanical stimulation.

PMID- 18140142
TI  - Spread of effect without reward of learning.

PMID- 18140143
TI  - Facts and figures about child health in the United States.

PMID- 18140144
TI  - The nursing home, a medical care facility.

PMID- 18140145
TI  - Comparative analysis of the standard methods methylene blue stain and advantages
      of the polychrome and acid-and-water-free stains in the direct microscopic
      examination of milk.

PMID- 18140146
TI  - Inactivation of partially purified poliomyelitis virus in water by chlorination;
      experiments with natural waters.

PMID- 18140147
TI  - Medical care activities of full-time health departments.

PMID- 18140148
TI  - Histoplasmosis; study of reactors to histoplasmin.

PMID- 18140149
TI  - Plans for the 1950 population census.

PMID- 18140150
TI  - Health demonstrations in two Minneapolis schools.

PMID- 18140151
TI  - Seattle's public health and education departments cooperate in organizing and
      conducting a food handler's training program.

PMID- 18140152
TI  - Some effects of health council programs on basic health education.

PMID- 18140154
TI  - Parental care and child health.

PMID- 18140155
TI  - An epidemiologic study of brucellosis in Minnesota.

PMID- 18140153
TI  - Health problems in industrialized agriculture.

PMID- 18140156
TI  - Relation of human and bovine brucellosis in Minnesota.

PMID- 18140157
TI  - Fluorine in foods; survey of recent data.

PMID- 18140158
TI  - Iodine, a food essential.

PMID- 18140159
TI  - Tuberculosis beds in the United States.

PMID- 18140160
TI  - Characteristics of commercial X-ray screens and films.

PMID- 18140161
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140162
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140163
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140164
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140165
TI  - Orthopaedic radiography.

PMID- 18140166
TI  - Opaque media.

PMID- 18140167
TI  - The clinical usefulness and limitations of supervoltage roentgen therapy.

PMID- 18140168
TI  - Roentgen therapy for pituitary adenoma; correlation of tumor dose with response
      in 64 cases.

PMID- 18140169
TI  - A new technic for the radium treatment of carcinoma of the bladder.

PMID- 18140170
TI  - The diagnosis of intra-auricular thrombosis in the living.

PMID- 18140171
TI  - Pulmonary metastases of pseudo-adenomatous basal-cell carcinoma (mucous and
      salivary gland tumor).

PMID- 18140172
TI  - Fictitious polyps as seen in double-contrast studies of the colon.

PMID- 18140173
TI  - New method for roentgen anatomical study of the skull.

PMID- 18140174
TI  - Observations on the hypophyseal area in hypertension.

PMID- 18140175
TI  - Multiple venous thrombosis and visceral carcinoma; a case report.

PMID- 18140176
TI  - Congenital reduplication of the esophagus; report of a case.

PMID- 18140177
TI  - Osteogenic tumours of the jaws.

PMID- 18140178
TI  - Hare-lip.

PMID- 18140179
TI  - Mission accomplished; the task ahead.

PMID- 18140180
TI  - Cancer of the breast.

PMID- 18140181
TI  - Development of new methods for the histochemical demonstration of hydrolytic
      intracellular enzymes in a program of cancer research.

PMID- 18140182
TI  - Surgical treatment of congenital pulmonary stenosis.

PMID- 18140183
TI  - The surgical relief of congestion in the pulmonary circulation in cases of severe
      mitral stenosis; preliminary report of six cases treated by means of anastomosis
      between the pulmonary and systemic venous systems.

PMID- 18140184
TI  - The Valsalva maneuver; an aid for the contrast visualization of the aorta and
      great vessels.

PMID- 18140185
TI  - Surgical treatment of insidious thrombosis of the aorta; report of ten cases.

PMID- 18140186
TI  - Quantitative studies on the time factor in arterial injuries.

PMID- 18140187
TI  - Clinical evaluation of two tests for incipient thrombosis; prothrombin activity
      and fibrinogen B of Lyons.

PMID- 18140189
TI  - Intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomy for biliary obstruction; further studies;
      report of four cases.

PMID- 18140190
TI  - Deperitonealization; clinical and experimental observations.

PMID- 18140191
TI  - Intestinal obstruction in the newborn.

PMID- 18140192
TI  - Gastro-intestinal gas; observations on belching during anesthesia, operations and
      pyelography; and rapid passage of gas.

PMID- 18140193
TI  - Sphincter preserving operations for rectal carcinoma as related to the anatomy of
      the lymphatics.

PMID- 18140194
TI  - The end results of complete versus intracapsular removal of acoustic tumors.

PMID- 18140195
TI  - Streptomycin, aureomycin and chloromycetin; experimental and clinical comparison.

PMID- 18140197
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140198
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140199
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140200
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140201
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140202
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140203
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140204
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140205
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140206
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140207
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140208
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140209
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140210
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140211
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140213
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140214
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140212
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140215
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140216
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140217
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140218
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140219
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140220
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140221
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140222
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140223
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140225
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140224
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140226
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140227
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140228
TI  - [New method of brain surgery, chemical nerve surgery].

PMID- 18140229
TI  - [Serial postoperative cholangioradiomanometry; or technique].

PMID- 18140230
TI  - [Fractures of the forearm; considerations upon the reduction of equipment and
      more frequent].

PMID- 18140231
TI  - Chronic and recurrent intestinal obstruction.

PMID- 18140232
TI  - Maternal and fetal mortality study at the Huntington Memorial Hospital, 1928
      1947.

PMID- 18140233
TI  - Diabetes in pregnancy.

PMID- 18140234
TI  - Giant hypertrophic grastritis.

PMID- 18140235
TI  - Electromyographic analysis of the physiologic components of tremor.

PMID- 18140236
TI  - The oscillographic recording and quantitative definition of functional
      disabilities of human locomotion.

PMID- 18140237
TI  - The influence of mecholyl and histamine ion transfer on recovery from fatigue.

PMID- 18140238
TI  - Thermal gradients in man; comparison of temperatures in the femoral artery and
      femoral vein with rectal temperatures.

PMID- 18140239
TI  - Physical therapy, past and present.

PMID- 18140240
TI  - Underlying mechanisms in symptoms of poliomyelitis; their bearing upon treatment.

PMID- 18140241
TI  - Interdepartmental relations of ancillary medical services with special reference
      to physical therapy.

PMID- 18140242
TI  - Passive and active stretching of muscles; spring stretch and control group.

PMID- 18140243
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140244
TI  - Cyclic anesthesia instead of sympathectomy.

PMID- 18140245
TI  - Local anesthetic properties of antistine and pyribenzamine hydrochloride.

PMID- 18140246
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140247
TI  - [Clinico-anatomical data on the pathogenic classification of pneumosclerosis].

PMID- 18140248
TI  - [Use of penicillin in pulmonary abscess].

PMID- 18140249
TI  - [Capillary system of the lung and its effect on the pulmonary roentgen picture].

PMID- 18140250
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis of bronchiectasis].

PMID- 18140251
TI  - [Depuration of the blood from the urea in lobar pneumonia].

PMID- 18140252
TI  - [Association of leukosis and acute miliary tuberculosis; leukemoid reaction in
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 18140253
TI  - [Hematopoiesis in exanthematous fever].

PMID- 18140254
TI  - [Physiology of pleural membranes].

PMID- 18140255
TI  - [Streptomycin treatment in internal medicine, especially in tuberculosis].

PMID- 18140256
TI  - [Streptomycin treatment in surgery].

PMID- 18140257
TI  - [Streptomycin treatment in pediatrics].

PMID- 18140258
TI  - [The use of streptomycin in tuberculous diseases in otorhinolaryngology].

PMID- 18140259
TI  - [Cases of sudden hematemesis and discharge of blood from the intestines].

PMID- 18140260
TI  - [Tumor-like shadows in the region of the hilus pulmonis].

PMID- 18140261
TI  - [Education and preparation for control of tuberculosis].

PMID- 18140262
TI  - [Cooperation of dispensaries and hospitals in control of tuberculosis].

PMID- 18140263
TI  - [Courses on tuberculosis in higher medical schools].

PMID- 18140265
TI  - [Plastic surgery in early closing of the bronchi and of the residual cavity of
      the cavern].

PMID- 18140264
TI  - [Clinical-morphological modifications in healing of caverns following
      cavernotomy].

PMID- 18140266
TI  - [Remote sequelae of upper thoracoplasty].

PMID- 18140267
TI  - [Scissuritis and periscissuritis in tuberculosis of adults].

PMID- 18140268
TI  - [Clinical aspects and treatment of tuberculous lymphadenitis in adults].

PMID- 18140269
TI  - [Clinical symptomatology of silicosis and silicotuberculosis].

PMID- 18140270
TI  - [Significance of supereaponential roentgenogram for determination of periodic
      changes in tuberculosis of the lungs and lymphatic glands].

PMID- 18140271
TI  - [Use of rebrukal in tuberculosis of the kidneys].

PMID- 18140272
TI  - [Aerotherapy of active forms of pneum. tuberculosis in Gelendzike].

PMID- 18140273
TI  - [Clinical course of massive atelectasis in pneumopleurisis].

PMID- 18140274
TI  - [Case of emphysema of the thoracic wall following thoraco-cautery].

PMID- 18140275
TI  - The management of mass radiography suspects; a two-year follow-up.

PMID- 18140276
TI  - Artificial pneumothrax in elderly subjects.

PMID- 18140277
TI  - Childhood tuberculosis in Middlesbrough, 1947 and 1948.

PMID- 18140278
TI  - Tuberculous households in Wales.

PMID- 18140279
TI  - Physical medicine and rehabilitation in the treatment of tuberculosis.

PMID- 18140280
TI  - A study of concentration methods for disclosing the presence of acid-fast bacilli
      in tuberculosis.

PMID- 18140281
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140282
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140283
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140284
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140285
TI  - The bactericidal properties of some disinfectants in common use.

PMID- 18140286
TI  - The treatment of vesical neck obstruction by endoscopic resection.

PMID- 18140287
TI  - Gelfoam in prostatectomy; an aid to haemostasis.

PMID- 18140288
TI  - Cystic disease of the right kidney in an infant.

PMID- 18140289
TI  - Uncommon types of congenital renal abnormality; two cases.

PMID- 18140290
TI  - Observations on familial polycystic disease of the kidney.

PMID- 18140291
TI  - Chronic paratyphoid pyelonephritis cured by nephrectomy, report of a case with a
      trial of streptomycin.

PMID- 18140292
TI  - Solitary pelvic kidney; a case report.

PMID- 18140293
TI  - Completely fused pelvic kidney.

PMID- 18140294
TI  - Liposarcoma of the kidney; report of an early case.

PMID- 18140295
TI  - The clinical use of urecholine in dysfunctions of the bladder.

PMID- 18140296
TI  - Cystitis; classification and treatment; discussion of type occurring after
      transurethral resection.

PMID- 18140297
TI  - Primary lymphosarcoma of the urinary bladder.

PMID- 18140298
TI  - Priapism; an unusual complication of transurethral prostatic resection.

PMID- 18140299
TI  - Bone marrow studies in carcinoma of the prostate.

PMID- 18140300
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the epididymis; case report.

PMID- 18140301
TI  - Idiopathic (Schonlein) purpura associated with hematuria.

PMID- 18140302
TI  - Inflammatory reactions involving sperm and the seminiferous tubules;
      extravasation, spermatic granulomas and granulomatous orchitis.

PMID- 18140303
TI  - Fatal embolism following urethrography.

PMID- 18140304
TI  - A new cystoscope for dilatation purposes.

PMID- 18140305
TI  - Management of catheter drainage.

PMID- 18140306
TI  - A device for removing clots from the bladder; a new irrigating nozzle.

PMID- 18140307
TI  - Two miniature urethral catheters.

PMID- 18140308
TI  - Studies on the cultivation of Treponema pallidum.

PMID- 18140309
TI  - Studies on the effect of aureomycin on Treponema pallidum.

PMID- 18140310
TI  - Speculations on the role of spreading factor (hyaluronidase) in experimental and
      human syphilis.

PMID- 18140311
TI  - Abortive treatment of syphilis; results obtained in the incubation, primary, and
      secondary stages of syphilis.

PMID- 18140312
TI  - Delayed administration of oral penicillin as prophylaxis for gonorrhea.

PMID- 18140313
TI  - Syphilitic paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria of 41 years' duration associated with
      syphilitic heart disease.

PMID- 18140314
TI  - Penicillin treatment of paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria.

PMID- 18140316
TI  - Lymphogranuloma venereum in childhood.

PMID- 18140315
TI  - In vitro antibiotic effects on Hemophilus ducreyi.

PMID- 18140318
TI  - Syphilis of the stomach and the stomach in syphilis; a review of the literature
      with particular reference to gross pathology and gastroscopic diagnosis.

PMID- 18140317
TI  - Advanced Banti's syndrome associated with syphilis; review and report of failure
      of penicillin therapy in two cases.

PMID- 18140319
TI  - Continuous caudal analgesia in obstetrics.

PMID- 18140320
TI  - The anaesthetic out-patient clinic.

PMID- 18140321
TI  - Clinical test of atensin, a Swedish myanesin preparation.

PMID- 18140322
TI  - The discovery of ether.

PMID- 18140323
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140324
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140325
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140326
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140327
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140328
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140329
TI  - [The method of Thorndike's problem cells and the method of conditioned reflexes].

PMID- 18140330
TI  - [Reflex regulation of lactation].

PMID- 18140331
TI  - [Effect of external and internal factors on the reproduction of geese].

PMID- 18140332
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140333
TI  - The active membrane; an hypothesis to explain the transfer of water and solutes
      in plants; as depending upon respiration.

PMID- 18140334
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140335
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140336
TI  - Arterial air embolism.

PMID- 18140337
TI  - On the occurrence of rennin in the blood of hypertensive patients.

PMID- 18140338
TI  - The heart muscle and the electrocardiogram in coronary disease; survey of
      standards and methods for obtaining the anatomic data requisite for
      clinicopathologic correlation.

PMID- 18140339
TI  - The relation of cardiovascular disease to apoplexy; a review of 155 cases with
      autopsy.

PMID- 18140340
TI  - Observations on the spatial vectorcardiogram in man.

PMID- 18140341
TI  - Correlation of electrocardiographic and pathologic findings in posterior
      infarction.

PMID- 18140342
TI  - Primary amyloidosis of the heart.

PMID- 18140344
TI  - Electrocardiograms of an unusual pattern in a patient with anomalous
      auriculoventricular excitation.

PMID- 18140343
TI  - Penicillin therapy of gonococcic endocarditis; a case report.

PMID- 18140345
TI  - Cardiac infarction with bundle branch block.

PMID- 18140346
TI  - Aortic sinus aneurysms.

PMID- 18140347
TI  - A clinical trial of Rauwolfia serpentina in essential hypertension.

PMID- 18140348
TI  - The phonocardiography of heart murmurs; apparatus and technique.

PMID- 18140349
TI  - The phonocardiography of heart murmurs; clinical results and discussion.

PMID- 18140350
TI  - The natural history of coronary disease; a clinical and epidemiological study.

PMID- 18140351
TI  - Congenital aortic septal defect.

PMID- 18140352
TI  - The clinical application of electrocardiography.

PMID- 18140354
TI  - Suggestions to the calibration of weights.

PMID- 18140353
TI  - Derivatives of evipal, alurate, and phanodorn.

PMID- 18140355
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140356
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140357
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140358
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140359
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140360
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140361
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140362
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140363
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140364
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140365
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140366
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140367
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140368
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140369
TI  - Cancer of the face and oral cavity.

PMID- 18140370
TI  - Is erythema nodosum a hyper-sensibility reaction of anaphylactic type?

PMID- 18140371
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140372
TI  - On dermatoses caused by bichromates.

PMID- 18140373
TI  - The penicillin treatment of acrodermatitis atrophicans chronica (Herxheimer).

PMID- 18140374
TI  - Present status of dermatologic training in the United States.

PMID- 18140375
TI  - A survey of tinea capitis, including favus.

PMID- 18140376
TI  - Hypertrophic Darier's disease and nevus syringocystadenomatosus papilliferus;
      histopathologic study.

PMID- 18140377
TI  - Treatment of neurosyphilis with penicillin combined with artificial fever.

PMID- 18140378
TI  - Paralysis of cranial nerves complicating herpes zoster.

PMID- 18140379
TI  - Relapsing febrile nodular panniculitis (Weber-Christian disease) review of the
      literature and report of a case.

PMID- 18140380
TI  - Enhancing photodynamic effect of solutions of crude coal tar on the skin.

PMID- 18140381
TI  - Supernumerary ears; report of three cases.

PMID- 18140382
TI  - Treatment of lupus vulgaris with calciferol (vitamin D2).

PMID- 18140383
TI  - A strange case of palatitis.

PMID- 18140384
TI  - Aureomycin in molluscum contagiosum.

PMID- 18140385
TI  - Autohemotherapy of herpex zoster; results in 154 cases.

PMID- 18140386
TI  - Simple apparatus for clinical photography.

PMID- 18140387
TI  - An unusual complication following radical pancreaticoduodenectomy.

PMID- 18140388
TI  - Biotoxic intestinal conditions of the putrefactive type.

PMID- 18140389
TI  - Psychosomatic aspects of pruritus ani.

PMID- 18140390
TI  - Further studies on liver function tests in the aged.

PMID- 18140391
TI  - Idioblaptic diseases of the alimentary tract.

PMID- 18140392
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140393
TI  - The electrocardiogram in hypocalcemia and hypothyreosis.

PMID- 18140394
TI  - Abruptio placentae in vitamin E deficient guinea pigs.

PMID- 18140395
TI  - The ascorbic acid concentration in the blood of the rabbit; changes under normal
      conditions, fasting and after stimulation with gonadotrophic hormones.

PMID- 18140396
TI  - Lymphocytopenia and eosinopenia after prolonged intravenous adrenaline injection
      on man.

PMID- 18140398
TI  - The function of the endocrine glands in diabetes mellitus; a clinical study of
      107 cases.

PMID- 18140397
TI  - The significance of renal function for the effect of desoxycorticosterone acetate
      in Addison's disease.

PMID- 18140399
TI  - The effect of sex hormones in some organic solvents; emulsified in water.

PMID- 18140400
TI  - Effects of castration and subsequent androgen administration upon mating behavior
      in the male hamster (Cricetus auratus).

PMID- 18140401
TI  - Anaerobic glycolysis in rat ovarian tissues during pregnancy and lactation.

PMID- 18140402
TI  - Mitotic activity in the epidermis of the rabbit stimulated with local
      applications of testosterone propionate.

PMID- 18140403
TI  - [Sympathetic nervous system and chromaffin tissue].

PMID- 18140404
TI  - The study of connective-tissue reaction to radiation; the sieve or chess method.

PMID- 18140405
TI  - On the influence of 3-ketosteroids on the phosphatase content of atypically
      proliferating uterine epithelium in the guinea pig.

PMID- 18140406
TI  - The fetal bovine thyroid; morphogenesis as related to iodine accumulation.

PMID- 18140407
TI  - The effect of growth hormone upon liver and kidney D-amino acid oxidase and upon
      muscle suscinic acid dehydrogenase.

PMID- 18140408
TI  - The effects of pitressin and desoxycorticosterone in low dosage on the excretion
      of sodium, potassium, and water by the normal dog.

PMID- 18140409
TI  - Factors influencing lobulo-alveolar development and mammary secretion in the rat.

PMID- 18140410
TI  - The paradoxical effects of thiocyanate and of thyrotropin on the organic binding
      of iodine by the thyroid in the presence of large amounts of iodide.

PMID- 18140411
TI  - Studies on the fat-mobilizing factor of the anterior pituitary gland.

PMID- 18140412
TI  - Ascorbic acid in the pituitary of the rat.

PMID- 18140413
TI  - Cytotoxic action of hormones of the adrenal cortex according to the method of
      unstained cell counts.

PMID- 18140414
TI  - Adrenotrophic activity of human blood.

PMID- 18140415
TI  - Exophthalmos in rats after prolonged administration of propylthiouracil.

PMID- 18140416
TI  - Testicular changes in the juvenile pigeon due to progesterone treatment.

PMID- 18140417
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140418
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140419
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140420
TI  - Vitalizing liquor control.

PMID- 18140421
TI  - Lying; a minor inquiry into the ethics of neurotic and psychopathic behavior.

PMID- 18140422
TI  - The Army parole system.

PMID- 18140423
TI  - Crime against humanity; European views on its conception and its future.

PMID- 18140424
TI  - The Illinois proposal to confine sexually dangerous persons.

PMID- 18140426
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140425
TI  - Casting of hairs; its technique and application to species and personal
      identification.

PMID- 18140427
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140428
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140429
TI  - World population and world food supplies.

PMID- 18140430
TI  - UTILIZATION of seaweeds through the ages.

PMID- 18140431
TI  - Effect of pressure on velocity of burning.

PMID- 18140432
TI  - Photochemical polymerization in aqueous solution.

PMID- 18140433
TI  - Isolation of a pectic substance from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis).

PMID- 18140434
TI  - Extraction of fibrinolytic enzyme from the blood.

PMID- 18140436
TI  - Some upper limits of possible alpha-activity.

PMID- 18140435
TI  - Multiovular follicles in the ovaries of lower primates.

PMID- 18140437
TI  - Directories of parasites.

PMID- 18140438
TI  - Recent advances in fermentation research.

PMID- 18140439
TI  - Existence of nitrosyl ions (NO+) in dinitrogen tetroxide and of nitronium ions
      (NO2+) in liquid dinitrogen pentoxide.

PMID- 18140441
TI  - Toxic effect of the crystals from agenized zein on certain acid-producing
      bacteria.

PMID- 18140440
TI  - Action of nitrogen trichloride (agene) on proteins; isolation of crystalline
      toxic factor.

PMID- 18140442
TI  - Evidence from infra-red spectroscopy on the structure of proteins.

PMID- 18140443
TI  - Distinctive test for alpha-amino-acids in paper chromatography.

PMID- 18140444
TI  - Aniline hydrogen phthalate as a spraying reagent for chromatography of sugars.

PMID- 18140445
TI  - Paper partition chromatography of reducing sugars with benzidine as a spraying
      reagent.

PMID- 18140446
TI  - A peptide-like contaminant of filter paper.

PMID- 18140447
TI  - Electrophotography of internal discharges in dielectrics.

PMID- 18140448
TI  - Coating of microscope eyepiece lenses.

PMID- 18140449
TI  - High-frequency discharges localized along tracks of ionizing particles.

PMID- 18140450
TI  - Antibacterial action of curcumin and related compounds.

PMID- 18140451
TI  - Influence of thyroxine on hexokinase, succinoxidase and choline oxidase.

PMID- 18140453
TI  - Trephocytes in Arbacia punctulata and their role in ovular growth and in
      respiration.

PMID- 18140452
TI  - Availability of the magnesium of grass to the ruminant.

PMID- 18140454
TI  - Separation of substances related to ascorbic acid.

PMID- 18140455
TI  - An interference paradox in sound.

PMID- 18140456
TI  - Correlation of internodal length and fibre diameter in the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 18140457
TI  - Elastase and elastase-inhibitor.

PMID- 18140458
TI  - Effect of calcium on the development of streptococcal bacteriophage.

PMID- 18140459
TI  - Role of the intestinal flora in the development of vitamin E deficiency.

PMID- 18140460
TI  - Distribution of the sickle-cell trait in Uganda, and its ethnological
      significance.

PMID- 18140461
TI  - Stimulation of the uropygial gland in the female Indian spotted munia, Uroloncha
      punctulata (L.) due to oestrogen treatment.

PMID- 18140462
TI  - Electrophoresis of proteins in agar jelly.

PMID- 18140463
TI  - Cleavage of the carbon chain of some amino-alkyl tertiary carbinols.

PMID- 18140464
TI  - A synthesis of iso-pelletierine and methyl iso-pelletierine.

PMID- 18140465
TI  - Inequalities between average molecular weights of polymers, and their relations
      to the distribution function.

PMID- 18140466
TI  - Determination of chemical purity.

PMID- 18140467
TI  - Optimum conditions for a 180 degrees beta-ray spectrometer.

PMID- 18140468
TI  - Calibration of photographic emulsions for low energy electrons.

PMID- 18140469
TI  - A microwave secondary electron multiplier.

PMID- 18140470
TI  - A versatile microinjection and micropipetting syringe.

PMID- 18140471
TI  - Food from the sea.

PMID- 18140472
TI  - BOMB tests.

PMID- 18140473
TI  - A further experiment on the effect of mild strains of virus X on the yield of up
      to-date potato.

PMID- 18140476
TI  - Morphogenetic studies in the rabbit; genetic factors influencing the ossification
      pattern of the limbs.

PMID- 18140481
TI  - The cytogenetics of speciation in Gossypium; selective elimination of the donor
      parent genotype in interspecific backcrosses.

PMID- 18140482
TI  - Histochemical observations of granulosa-cell tumors, thecomas, and fibromas of
      the ovary.

PMID- 18140483
TI  - Carcinoma of the ovary.

PMID- 18140484
TI  - The histologic appearance of the endocervix during the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 18140485
TI  - Surgical treatment of sterility.

PMID- 18140486
TI  - Treatment of the menopause.

PMID- 18140487
TI  - A report on comparative studies on newer drugs used for obstetrical analgesia.

PMID- 18140488
TI  - The prevention of headache after spinal analgesia for vaginal delivery by the use
      of hydration and a 24 gauge needle.

PMID- 18140489
TI  - Ovarian neoplasms in children.

PMID- 18140490
TI  - Submucous myoma in term pregnancy.

PMID- 18140491
TI  - Fetal mortality associated with the method of delivery of patients with placenta
      previa.

PMID- 18140492
TI  - Deciduosis of the cervix and vagina simulating carcinoma.

PMID- 18140493
TI  - Occurrence of uterine fundus carcinoma after prolonged estrogen therapy.

PMID- 18140494
TI  - The pattern of uterine growth during pregnancy in monkeys as shown in an X-ray
      study.

PMID- 18140495
TI  - Primary endometriosis of the vaginal portion of the cervix uteri.

PMID- 18140496
TI  - Pregnancy associated with hypertension and intracranial hemorrhage.

PMID- 18140497
TI  - Observations on the decidual reaction of the cervix during pregnancy.

PMID- 18140498
TI  - Pyometra; a clinical and pathologic study.

PMID- 18140499
TI  - On the validity of the hyperemia method for determining ovulation time in women.

PMID- 18140500
TI  - The obstetric use and effect of fetal respiration of nisentil.

PMID- 18140501
TI  - Fatal obstetric shock for pulmonary emboli of amniotic fluid.

PMID- 18140502
TI  - Withdrawal bleeding following hexestrol and pregneninolone orally.

PMID- 18140503
TI  - A versatile self-retaining trigger cannula and traction tenaculum for modern
      tubal insufflation and uterosalpingography.

PMID- 18140505
TI  - Suggestion for improvement of stirrup attachment for operating tables.

PMID- 18140504
TI  - New tubal insufflator with automatic volume and pressure control.

PMID- 18140506
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140507
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140508
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140509
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140510
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140511
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140512
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140513
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140514
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140515
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140516
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140517
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140518
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140519
TI  - [Clinical Study of hemimelia; special reference to the etiology of congenital
      defects].

PMID- 18140520
TI  - [An extraction of dead fetus in primiparous aboard a merchant ship].

PMID- 18140522
TI  - WEST Norfolk and King's Lynn General Hospital; new maternity unit.

PMID- 18140521
TI  - [Uterine Adenomyosis].

PMID- 18140523
TI  - Hospital and health services.

PMID- 18140524
TI  - Solubility and the relative toxicity of lead chromate.

PMID- 18140525
TI  - Preventive medicine in industry.

PMID- 18140526
TI  - Management of injuries to the thorax.

PMID- 18140527
TI  - Plantation medicine in Hawaii.

PMID- 18140528
TI  - Problems in the management of the causalgic states of the upper extremity.

PMID- 18140529
TI  - Dermatological hazards in the cigar industry.

PMID- 18140530
TI  - Peripheral vascular disease; recent advances in diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 18140531
TI  - A study of factors affecting the prognosis of cerebral vascular accident.

PMID- 18140532
TI  - Major etiological factors producing delayed resolution in pneumonia.

PMID- 18140533
TI  - The treatment of falciparum malaria with intramuscular chloroquine.

PMID- 18140535
TI  - The murmurs of cardiac aneurysm.

PMID- 18140534
TI  - Localized sealed-off perforation in recurrent duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 18140536
TI  - Diabetic nephropathy.

PMID- 18140537
TI  - Albuminuria in service recruits; a laboratory study of 193 cases referred from
      routine medical examination.

PMID- 18140538
TI  - Acronecrosis due to fibrin thrombi and endothelial cell thrombi.

PMID- 18140539
TI  - The administration of histamine during pregnancy; apparent lack of a clinical
      oxytocic effect with small doses.

PMID- 18140540
TI  - The absorption, distribution, excretion and toxicity of bacitracin in man.

PMID- 18140541
TI  - Drug eruptions; a survey of recent literature.

PMID- 18140542
TI  - Treatment of auricular flutter with digitalis.

PMID- 18140543
TI  - Some effects of digoxin upon the heart and circulation in man; digoxin in left
      ventricular failure.

PMID- 18140544
TI  - Coarctation of the aorta; photo-electric plethysmography and direct arterial
      blood pressure measurement as an aid in diagnosis.

PMID- 18140545
TI  - Acute coronary insufficiency due to pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 18140546
TI  - Auricular fibrillation without other evidence of heart disease; a cause of
      reversible heart failure.

PMID- 18140547
TI  - Function of the kidney and metabolic changes in cardiac failure.

PMID- 18140548
TI  - Diaphragmatic hiatus hernia with sever iron-deficient anemia.

PMID- 18140549
TI  - Biologic complications of penicillin therapy.

PMID- 18140550
TI  - Newer concepts of the role of potassium in disease.

PMID- 18140551
TI  - Pneumonia, skin eruption, thrombophlebitis and azotemia.

PMID- 18140552
TI  - Intestinal lipodystrophy (Whipple's disease).

PMID- 18140553
TI  - Thrombocytopenic purpura complicating radioactive phosphorus treatment in a
      patient with polycythemia vera.

PMID- 18140554
TI  - The results of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 18140555
TI  - Incidence of cross-infection in children's wards.

PMID- 18140556
TI  - Effect of tetraethylammonium bromide on gastric secretion and motility.

PMID- 18140557
TI  - An attempt to demonstrate neutralizing antibodies to the mammary tumour milk
      agent in mice.

PMID- 18140558
TI  - Carcinogenic activity of lipoid substances.

PMID- 18140559
TI  - Nucleation of supercooled water clouds by silver iodide smokes.

PMID- 18140560
TI  - A note on the change in average particle mass during the aging of ammonium
      chloride smokes.

PMID- 18140561
TI  - Nitrogen mustard therapy with special reference to Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 18140562
TI  - Treatment of ringworm of the scalp.

PMID- 18140563
TI  - Haematemesis as a surgical problem.

PMID- 18140564
TI  - A case of cutaneous horn of the arm.

PMID- 18140565
TI  - The use of experience.

PMID- 18140566
TI  - Treatment of early syphilis with penicillin combined with neoarsphenamine and
      bismuth.

PMID- 18140567
TI  - Sex hormone upset in Africans.

PMID- 18140568
TI  - Direct vein graft in rupture of popliteal artery; report of a case.

PMID- 18140570
TI  - Notes on an experimental study of intellectual deterioration.

PMID- 18140569
TI  - The agglutinin anti-M associated with pregnancy; report on two cases.

PMID- 18140571
TI  - Tuberculous meningitis with paraplegia as the dominant feature.

PMID- 18140572
TI  - Localized fat atrophy after jellyfish sting.

PMID- 18140573
TI  - A simple jack for the Boyle-Davis gag.

PMID- 18140574
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140575
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140576
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140577
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140578
TI  - Poliomyelitis in the Arctic.

PMID- 18140579
TI  - Problems in neurochemistry.

PMID- 18140580
TI  - The oral administration of undecylenic acid in the treatment of psoriasis.

PMID- 18140581
TI  - Prefrontal leucotomy for painful phantom limb.

PMID- 18140582
TI  - Diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18140583
TI  - Leber's hereditary optic atrophy in a Canadian family.

PMID- 18140584
TI  - Aerosol therapy in the treatment of postoperative pulmonary atelectasis.

PMID- 18140585
TI  - Elective surgical induction of labour.

PMID- 18140586
TI  - Thyrotoxic heart disease.

PMID- 18140587
TI  - Hyperpotassaemia and electrocardiographic changes in uraemia.

PMID- 18140588
TI  - The cytological diagnosis of malignant cells in various body fluids.

PMID- 18140590
TI  - Never transfuse a woman with her husband's blood.

PMID- 18140589
TI  - Pernicious anaemia complicated by myelogenous leukaemia.

PMID- 18140591
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140592
TI  - [Ovarectomy performed on a patient suffering from cancer of the breast].

PMID- 18140594
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140593
TI  - [Intravenous application of penicillin in pulmonary diseases].

PMID- 18140595
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140596
TI  - [Pathogenesis of extrarenal syndrome].

PMID- 18140597
TI  - [Thymoma].

PMID- 18140598
TI  - [Case of an acquired hemolytic anemia following a repeated transfusion of
      incompatible blood].

PMID- 18140599
TI  - [Struma in Czechoslovakia and Moravia in 1947-1948].

PMID- 18140600
TI  - [Some of the pharmacological properties of the p-aminosalicylic acid].

PMID- 18140601
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140602
TI  - [Clinico-pathological diagnosis of dermatomyositis].

PMID- 18140603
TI  - [Metabolism of melanin].

PMID- 18140604
TI  - [Allergy in dermatology].

PMID- 18140605
TI  - [Traumatic pneumocephalus].

PMID- 18140606
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140608
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140607
TI  - [Three cases of transmission of syphilitic infection by blood transfusion].

PMID- 18140609
TI  - [Importance of the effect of dihydroergocornine on the blood pressure in
      differential diagnosis of hypertension].

PMID- 18140610
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140611
TI  - [Effects of the social and economic factors on the personality, especially with
      regard to industrial psychiatry].

PMID- 18140612
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140614
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140613
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140615
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140616
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140617
TI  - [Damage to the ribs due to irradiation of cancer of the breast].

PMID- 18140618
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140619
TI  - [The use of trichlorethylene for induction of anesthesia].

PMID- 18140620
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140621
TI  - [Copper metabolism in man].

PMID- 18140622
TI  - [Influence of temperature of the room on the reaction of Takata].

PMID- 18140623
TI  - [Tomographic picture of silicosis and silicotuberculosis].

PMID- 18140624
TI  - [Resistance and capacity of human skin].

PMID- 18140625
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140626
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis complicating labor].

PMID- 18140627
TI  - [Antibodies against viruses encephalitis A and B; concerning the population of
      Slovakia in non epidemic period].

PMID- 18140628
TI  - [Introduction of new laboratory methods].

PMID- 18140629
TI  - [Immunotoxic diseases].

PMID- 18140630
TI  - Tuberculosis control program for children in Hamilton County.

PMID- 18140631
TI  - Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis.

PMID- 18140632
TI  - A blood sugar screening method (Wilkerson-Heftmann).

PMID- 18140633
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140635
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140634
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140636
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140637
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140638
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140640
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140639
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140641
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140642
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140643
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140644
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140645
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140646
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140647
TI  - Effects of cortisone acetate on rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18140648
TI  - The family doctor; an epidemiologic concept.

PMID- 18140649
TI  - The use of antibiotics.

PMID- 18140650
TI  - Infection of the hip by Brucella suis.

PMID- 18140651
TI  - Control and eradication of brucellosis in animals.

PMID- 18140652
TI  - Septicemia due to Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella blegdam.

PMID- 18140653
TI  - Anesthesia, past and present.

PMID- 18140654
TI  - Some common fallacies and confusions with regard to repair of inguinal hernia.

PMID- 18140655
TI  - Acute craniocerebral trauma; essential considerations of diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 18140656
TI  - Trihexyphenidyl; evaluation of the new agent in the treatment of Parkinsonism.

PMID- 18140657
TI  - Mercurial diuretics and acute urinary retention.

PMID- 18140658
TI  - Removal of saddle embolus of aorta.

PMID- 18140659
TI  - Aortic embolectomy; successful removal of saddle embolus by transabdominal route.

PMID- 18140660
TI  - Plasma and red cell radioiron following intravenous injection; turpentine
      abscesses in normal and anemic dogs.
AB  - Sterile inflammation induced by repeated subcutaneous injections of turpentine in
      non-anemic, non-iron-deficient dogs, leads to a fall in plasma iron
      concentration, the development of a moderate anemia, and a marked delay in the
      uptake by the red blood cells of intravenous radioiron. Similar periods of
      inflammation in anemic, iron-deficient dogs on a diet low in iron cause no
      increase in the degree of anemia and no inhibition of red blood cell uptake of
      intravenous radioiron. Radioiron appears only in traces in abscess exudates.
      Intravenous iron disappearance curves following a single injection are
      uninfluenced by sterile inflammation in either anemic or non-anemic dogs. The
      impairment of hemoglobin synthesis caused by inflammation is at most a relative
      matter, since the anemia that develops is seldom severe or progressive, and since
      the inhibition can be overcome if the marrow is sufficiently stimulated by the
      demands of a severe continuing anemia.

PMID- 18140661
TI  - An electron microscope study of nerves infected with human poliomyelitis virus.
AB  - Sciatic nerves of rhesus monkeys infected with CAM and Wis. '45 strains of human
      poliomyelitis virus were fixed in formalin, sectioned, fragmented, and examined
      in the electron microscope. Most of the neurotubules of nerves infected with the
      CAM strain have normal appearance but a very small number show the presence of
      dense particles irregularly aligned within the edges of the neurotubules. The
      diameters of the particles range between 160 and 500 A, the mean being 330 A. The
      particles were found in regions along the nerve which varied with the time after
      infection, indicating a central movement of the morphological alteration of the
      order of 2 mm. per hour. Relatively abundant dense particulate material was found
      in nerves infected with Wis. '45 strain virus and the particles were chiefly
      attached to the edges of the neurotubules and in the adjacent areas of the field.
      The dense particles appear to be associated with the virus infection but no
      further characterization is possible at this time.

PMID- 18140662
TI  - An electron microscope analysis of nerves infected with the B virus.
AB  - Rabbits were infected with B virus in the right gastrocnemius muscle and both
      sciatic nerves were fixed and analyzed under the electron microscope, after
      periods varying between 26 and 144 hours. Starting at 72 hours, a few
      neurotubules of the right sciatic show the presence of spherical particles,
      ranging between 300 and 600 A. The number and size of the particles increase with
      time and appear to reach a maximum at 144 hours when the paralysis starts. At
      this moment also the proximal part of the left sciatic nerve shows the presence
      of dense particles. The relation of the particles with the periodic structure of
      the neurotubules was studied both in preparations stained in phosphotungstic acid
      and those shadowed with chromium. The small and medium sized particles are
      located within the edges of the neurotubules, and the large particles appear to
      be attached to the neurotubules. The possible significance of the dense particles
      is discussed.

PMID- 18140663
TI  - The use of radioactive lysine in studies of protein metabolism; synthesis and
      utilization of plasma proteins.
AB  - Racemic lysine labeled with C(14) in the epsilon carbon position was fed to dogs.
      The distribution of C(14) in blood and tissue fractions is recorded. In normal
      dogs sacrificed at 24 hours, approximately one-third of the C(14) was found in
      the urine, one-third in expired air, and one-third in the body, mostly in
      protein, predomantly as lysine residues. The rate of C(14) excretion as CO(2),
      hour by hour, paralleled closely the amount of non-protein C(14) in the blood
      plasma. The liver, kidney, pancreas, and spleen all have high values for C(14) in
      24 hour and 17 day experiments. The gastrointestinal tract is significantly high
      in the 24 hour experiments. Plasma protein from animals previously fed C(14)
      containing lysine and thus in turn labeled, was transfused into other dogs and
      the rate of disappearance of albumin and globulin fractions from the circulation
      of the recipient dog followed. The results lead to the conclusion that as a
      whole, plasma proteins are utilized and replaced at a rate of at least 10 per
      cent per 24 hours. This minimum rate is substantially faster than turnover rates
      commonly accepted and emphasizes the role played by the plasma proteins in the
      protein economy of the body. The exact rate determination is made uncertain by
      the lack of knowledge of the magnitude of the amount of protein in solution in
      extracellular and lymph spaces and its rate of equilibrium with circulating
      plasma proteins. Evidence from these transfusion studies indicates that plasma
      globulin is metabolized at a significantly faster rate than plasma albumin. This
      is confirmed by the observation that following the feeding of labeled lysine to
      dogs, C(14) is first incorporated in globulin in high concentration but that
      later it also disappears more rapidly from the globulin fraction. These data
      suggest that the period of bone marrow maturation of the red cell during which
      time its related hemoglobin is synthesized does not exceed 3 to 5 days.

PMID- 18140664
TI  - Hemoglobin labeled by radioactive lysine; erythrocyte life cycle.
AB  - A dog, doubly depleted of blood cells and plasma proteins, was fed dl-lysine
      labeled with C(14) in the epsilon carbon position. In the first 8 hours 28 per
      cent of the administered C(14) was excreted in the urine; in the first 72 hours,
      35 per cent. Twenty-four hours after feeding, 4.2 per cent of the fed C(14) was
      circulating in the plasma, decreasing to 1 per cent at the end of 17 days. The
      C(14) content of the blood cells increased from 1 per cent at 24 hours to 5.5 per
      cent in 5 days and 6.8 per cent in 22 days. Evidence based on the rate of
      decrease of the C(14) content of circulating blood cells is presented indicating
      an average life of 115 days for the erythrocyte protein as an entity not
      interchanging with extracellular constituents. This corresponds closely to the
      life span of the dog erythrocyte, 112 to 133 days according to the best evidence
      otherwise available and indicates that this experiment has actually measured the
      life span of the dog erythrocyte. Following breakdown of blood erythrocytes the
      protein comprising them is not used preferentially for the formation of new
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 18140665
TI  - The production of fever by influenzal viruses; factors influencing the febrile
      response to single injections of virus.
AB  - The intravenous injection of the PR8 strain of influenza A virus, the Lee strain
      of influenza B, and the "B" strain of Newcastle disease virus produces fever in
      rabbits. This phenomenon has been studied in relation to certain in vitro
      properties of these viruses. Saline suspensions of virus prepared by
      centrifugation or elution from chicken erythrocytes produced fever. Fluids from
      which most of the virus particles had been removed were non-pyrogenic. Exposure
      to temperatures which destroyed the infectivity of the virus for chick embryos
      did not prevent fever. However, heating sufficient to destroy the hemagglutinin
      also rendered virus non-pyrogenic. The injection of erythrocytes onto which virus
      had been adsorbed produced fever. Heated virus adsorbed onto erythrocytes, which
      failed to elute, produced no elevation of temperature, although heated virus
      alone was pyrogenic. Neutralization of virus with specific immune serum prevented
      fever. Antipyrine was capable of abolishing the febrile response to virus.
      Certain differences between the febrile response in rabbits to the injection of
      viruses and that following bacterial pyrogens were noted. The period between
      injection and beginning of temperature rise is longer with virus than with
      bacterial pyrogens. Relatively low temperatures inactivate the fever-producing
      capacity of viruses, whereas bacterial pyrogens withstand prolonged autoclaving,
      and the neutralization of viral fever by specific immune serum contrasts sharply
      with the failure of antibody to affect the response to bacterial pyrogens.
      Certain previous observations on the lymphopenia produced in rabbits by the
      injection of influenzal viruses were confirmed. The capacity of virus
      preparations to induce fever in rabbits closely parallels their capacity to
      induce lymphopenia. It was concluded that the fever-producing property of
      influenzal viruses is closely associated with the capacity to agglutinate
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 18140666
TI  - The production of fever by influenzal viruses; tolerance in rabbits to the
      pyrogenic effect of influenzal viruses.
AB  - The mechanism of the fever caused by the intravenous injection of viruses of the
      influenza group in rabbits has been studied by observing the effect of repeated
      injections of the same or heterologous viruses. An initial injection of the PR8
      strain of influenza A, the Lee strain of influenza B, or the "B" strain of NDV
      conferred tolerance to the pyrogenic effect of homologous virus administered on
      the following day. The period of tolerance lasted approximately 11 days. Prior
      injection of virus appeared also to protect against the lymphopenic action of
      homologous strains. These viruses were found to confer tolerance to the fever
      producing effect of heterologous strains in an order corresponding to their
      positions in the receptor gradient of Burnet. Heated virus preparations appeared
      to confer tolerance in proportion to survival of hemagglutinin. Tolerance is
      probably unrelated to specific antibody formation since it is lost during a
      period of rapid immune response and heterologous strains exert a protective
      effect. No cross-tolerance was demonstrable between viruses and bacterial
      pyrogens and reticulo-endothelial blockade with thorotrast failed to modify the
      unresponsiveness of animals to 2nd day injections of homologous virus. Prevention
      of fever with antipyrine did not interfere with the protective effect of initial
      injections of virus. Arguments for and against a hypothesis that union of the
      virus particle with a receptor substance may play a part in the production of
      fever by these viruses are discussed.

PMID- 18140667
TI  - Antibody response of patients with poliomyelitis to virus recovered from their
      own alimentary tract.
AB  - Of 20 strains of virus recovered from 40 patients with poliomyelitis only 9
      possessed a titer of 10(-3) or more, permitting significant quantitative
      neutralization tests in monkeys. Seven of the 9 high titer strains were derived
      from patients whose illness was ultimately paralytic, and tests with their
      undiluted sera indicated that the acute phase as well as the 3 month convalescent
      specimens neutralized maximum amounts of the patient's own virus. However when
      varying dilutions of the sera were tested against a single dose of virus, it was
      found that the antibody was present in lowest concentration early after onset and
      progressively increased in titer over a period of weeks during convalescence. The
      2 remaining high titer strains were recovered from patients with a non-paralytic
      illness, and in both of these the acute phase sera were without significant
      amounts of antibody for their own virus. Antibody was demonstrable at 14, 28, and
      92 days after onset in one of these patients, while the other had none at 1 month
      and only a minimal amount at 3 and 8 months. Tests with the Lansing virus on the
      same sera, clearly established the specificity of the antibody response to the
      strain of virus recovered from each patient under investigation. Five of the 9
      patients, whose sera were studied with both viruses, had no antibody for the
      Lansing virus during the acute phase and none 3 months later. Two had antibody
      during the acute phase but serum dilution tests showed no increase in titer in
      the 3 month convalescent specimen. In 2 others, who were without antibody for the
      Lansing virus during the acute phase but had it at 3 months after onset, it was
      possible to show that this antibody appeared later than 1 month after the illness
      and that the virus recovered from these patients during their illness was not
      antigenically of the Lansing type.

PMID- 18140668
TI  - Diagnosis of pulmonary disease.

PMID- 18140669
TI  - Diagnostic difficulties in carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 18140670
TI  - Subcutaneous emphysema as a surgical problem.

PMID- 18140671
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus.

PMID- 18140672
TI  - Carcinoma of the breast; report of an untreated case.

PMID- 18140673
TI  - Symposium on trauma.

PMID- 18140674
TI  - The issue of compulsory health insurance.

PMID- 18140675
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140676
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140677
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140678
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140679
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140680
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140681
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140682
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140683
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140684
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140685
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140686
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140687
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140688
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140689
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140690
TI  - Diabetes mellitus; certain practical considerations.

PMID- 18140691
TI  - Case reports; unusual postoperative complications.

PMID- 18140692
TI  - End results in 77 consecutive fresh fractures of the neck of the femur.

PMID- 18140693
TI  - On seeing the patient through; the failure of medical coordination.

PMID- 18140694
TI  - Tensile strength of sutures; loss when implanted in living tissue.

PMID- 18140695
TI  - Flaxedil as a curarising agent in anaesthesia.

PMID- 18140696
TI  - Hyaluronidase in paediatric therapy.

PMID- 18140697
TI  - Effect of caronamide on excretion of p-aminosalicylic acid.

PMID- 18140698
TI  - Facial palsy and poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18140699
TI  - Strangulated mesenteric hernia of caecum.

PMID- 18140700
TI  - Senile haematocolpos.

PMID- 18140701
TI  - INDOOR invalid chairs.

PMID- 18140702
TI  - School outbreak of gastro-enteritis associated with a pathogenic paracolon
      bacillus.

PMID- 18140703
TI  - CHRONIC myeloid leukaemia.

PMID- 18140704
TI  - Clues to the aetiology of Graves's disease.

PMID- 18140705
TI  - Sequelae of infective hepatitis in children; review of 12 cases.

PMID- 18140706
TI  - Di-isopropyl fluorophosphonate as an intestinal carminative.

PMID- 18140707
TI  - Perforated enteric ulcer successfully treated conservatively.

PMID- 18140708
TI  - Action of soda lime on chloroform.

PMID- 18140709
TI  - Medical care today.

PMID- 18140710
TI  - [Effect of rutin and quercetin on heart].

PMID- 18140711
TI  - [Our operative tactics and technique in surgical treatment of malignant
      cardioesophageal tumors and the advanced carcinoma of the stomach].

PMID- 18140712
TI  - [Urethan and its biologic and therapeutic effect].

PMID- 18140713
TI  - [Secondary disturbances of nutrition in disease].

PMID- 18140714
TI  - [Tuberculin tests].

PMID- 18140715
TI  - [Calcium in our food].

PMID- 18140716
TI  - [Demyelinizing diseases of central nervous system].

PMID- 18140717
TI  - [A contribution to the differential diagnosis of ileus in infants; a mesenteric
      syst].

PMID- 18140718
TI  - [Endokrinni asthma treated with proluton].

PMID- 18140719
TI  - [Streptomycin in therapy of tuberculosis in children].

PMID- 18140720
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140721
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140722
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140723
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140724
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140726
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140727
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140729
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140728
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140730
TI  - Modern trends in the surgery of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18140731
TI  - A series of cases of indirect inguinal hernia treated by the method of inversion
      of the sac.

PMID- 18140732
TI  - Clinical uses of the basal body temperature graphs in practice.

PMID- 18140733
TI  - The treatment of granular proctitis with benadryl.

PMID- 18140734
TI  - Detachment of the retina; a desperate case.

PMID- 18140736
TI  - Inguinal hernia; the problem of treatment.

PMID- 18140735
TI  - Modern and post-war trends in fracture surgery.

PMID- 18140737
TI  - Miners' nystagmus.

PMID- 18140738
TI  - Haematuria.

PMID- 18140739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140741
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140742
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140743
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140744
TI  - Some aspects of bleeding in otorhinolaryngology.

PMID- 18140745
TI  - A report on the use of vinbarbital sodium in obstetrics.

PMID- 18140746
TI  - Clinical problems in syphilis.

PMID- 18140747
TI  - Total status asthmaticus.

PMID- 18140748
TI  - Synthetic analogs of oxytocic drugs; phenethyl beta-alanine derivatives.

PMID- 18140749
TI  - Ring substituted benzoylacrylic acids as antibacterial agents.

PMID- 18140750
TI  - Sulfur-containing amines; local anesthetics.

PMID- 18140751
TI  - The reaction of amides with isocyanates.

PMID- 18140752
TI  - Transference numbers of dodecylammonium chloride in water-organic solvent
      systems.

PMID- 18140753
TI  - Polycystic kidney disease.

PMID- 18140754
TI  - Appendicitis at the Meriden Hospital, 1947-48.

PMID- 18140755
TI  - Tendon transplant for external rectus paralysis.

PMID- 18140756
TI  - Purpura hemorrhagica; report of three cases.

PMID- 18140757
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140758
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140759
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140760
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140761
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140762
TI  - Recent advances in pernicious anemia, the hypochromic anemias and the hemolytic
      anemias.

PMID- 18140763
TI  - Leukemia, lyphoblastoma and polycythemia vera.

PMID- 18140764
TI  - Anesthesia for thoracic procedures.

PMID- 18140765
TI  - Postoperative management following surgery of malignancies of the large bowel.

PMID- 18140766
TI  - Employment of rectus sheath and superior pubic ligament in direct inguinal
      hernia.

PMID- 18140767
TI  - Studies in experimental gastric carcinogenesis.

PMID- 18140768
TI  - An improved method for obtaining and staining utero-cervical, external os and
      ulcer smears for detection of cancer.

PMID- 18140769
TI  - Medical testimony before the courts.

PMID- 18140771
TI  - Parotid gland neoplasms.

PMID- 18140770
TI  - The plasma fixation of skin grafts.

PMID- 18140772
TI  - Endometrial removal from endocervix with subtotal hysterectomy; a new instrument.

PMID- 18140773
TI  - The profession in the society of today.

PMID- 18140774
TI  - Ventricular strain and ventricular hypertrophy.

PMID- 18140775
TI  - Conditioned-reflex treatment of alcoholism; its rationale and technic.

PMID- 18140776
TI  - Portal cirrhosis of liver, postnecrotic type.

PMID- 18140777
TI  - Pyelonephritis, severe, B. pyocyaneus.

PMID- 18140778
TI  - Spontaneous perforation of the esophagus; report of three cases successfully
      treated surgically.

PMID- 18140779
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism with nephrolithiasis; report of a case with parathyroid tumor
      located within the thymus.

PMID- 18140780
TI  - Conditioned-reflex treatment of alcoholism; the risks of its application, its
      indications, contraindications and psychotherapeutic aspects.

PMID- 18140781
TI  - The management of abnormal uterine bleeding.

PMID- 18140782
TI  - Resuscitation.

PMID- 18140783
TI  - Congenital defect of mesentery, with volvulus and perforation of ileum.

PMID- 18140784
TI  - Home accidents in Massachusetts; a study in the epidemiology of trauma.

PMID- 18140786
TI  - A public-health heart program; first report.

PMID- 18140785
TI  - The needs for inpatient care and treatment of mentally ill children in the
      Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

PMID- 18140787
TI  - Child health services in Massachusetts.

PMID- 18140788
TI  - Rheumatic heart disease, with mitral stenosis.

PMID- 18140789
TI  - Combined medical and surgical management of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

PMID- 18140790
TI  - Brill's disease; report of three cases with aureomycin treatment of two.

PMID- 18140791
TI  - Artane in the treatment of Parkinson's disease; a report of its effectiveness
      alone and in combination with benadryl and parpanit.

PMID- 18140792
TI  - Abdominal pain in hemochromatosis.

PMID- 18140793
TI  - Laboratory data in clinical medicine; units of measure, costs, and quantitative
      significance of results.

PMID- 18140794
TI  - Malignant lymphoma, Hodgkin's type, involving lymph nodes only.

PMID- 18140795
TI  - Pulmonary embolism, massive, acute.

PMID- 18140796
TI  - The management of acute head injuries.

PMID- 18140797
TI  - Early management of injuries of the chest.

PMID- 18140798
TI  - Non-penetrating injuries of the abdomen.

PMID- 18140799
TI  - Traumatic shock.

PMID- 18140800
TI  - Modern advances in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18140801
TI  - Injuries to major arteries and their treatment.

PMID- 18140802
TI  - The etiology of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18140803
TI  - Metabolic aspects of vascular degeneration in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18140804
TI  - A discussion of the various surgical procedures employed in the management of
      portal hypertension.

PMID- 18140805
TI  - The trend toward the reduction of fetal risk in obstetrics.

PMID- 18140806
TI  - Menopausal syndrome.

PMID- 18140807
TI  - Recent developments in the physiologic study of patients with chest diseases.

PMID- 18140808
TI  - Encephalitis in children with electroencephalo graphic changes.

PMID- 18140809
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid examination in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 18140810
TI  - Neuritis and neuronapathy in industrial medicine.

PMID- 18140811
TI  - Rate of erythrocyte regeneration in pernicious anemia.

PMID- 18140812
TI  - Torsion of the appendices epiploicae.

PMID- 18140813
TI  - The use of red blood cell paste in the treatment of chronic leg ulcers.

PMID- 18140815
TI  - Ovarian malignancy in a young girl.

PMID- 18140814
TI  - Penicillin in cardiovascular syphilis.

PMID- 18140817
TI  - Spontaneous hemopneumothorax.

PMID- 18140816
TI  - Cerebral edema complicating active rheumatic heart disease in a child.

PMID- 18140818
TI  - Acute laryngeal edema in nephritis.

PMID- 18140819
TI  - Rectal administration of tolserol the therapeutic efficacy of this route as
      demonstrated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

PMID- 18140820
TI  - Cecostomy in large bowel obstruction associated with megacecum.

PMID- 18140821
TI  - Cushing's syndrome; a possible clue to certain diseases associated with aging.

PMID- 18140822
TI  - Toxemias of pregnancy.

PMID- 18140823
TI  - Spinal anesthesia in obstetrics.

PMID- 18140824
TI  - The physiology of adolescence.

PMID- 18140825
TI  - Emotional problems of adolescence.

PMID- 18140826
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140827
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140829
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140828
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140830
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140831
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140832
TI  - Desoxycorticosterone in certain psychotic cases.

PMID- 18140833
TI  - Histologic criteria for evaluating endometriosis.

PMID- 18140834
TI  - Treatment of psychosomatic disorder by the general physician.

PMID- 18140835
TI  - Psychosomatic orientations in obstetrics and gynecology.

PMID- 18140836
TI  - Torsion of spermatic cord; case report.

PMID- 18140837
TI  - Bacterial resistance in relation to combined use of streptomycin and
      sulfadiazine.

PMID- 18140838
TI  - Varicosities of the spinal canal veins in the lumbar region simulating disc
      herniations.

PMID- 18140839
TI  - Synovioma; a case report with pulmonary metastases that regressed following
      irradiation.

PMID- 18140841
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140840
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140842
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140843
TI  - The eye in general medicine.

PMID- 18140844
TI  - Colour blindness in the light of recent theories of colour vision.

PMID- 18140845
TI  - The causation and treatment of detachment of the retina.

PMID- 18140846
TI  - The modern treatment of squint.

PMID- 18140847
TI  - The care of the scalp and hair.

PMID- 18140848
TI  - Painful feet.

PMID- 18140849
TI  - Protein hydrolysates.

PMID- 18140850
TI  - The use and abuse of amphetamine.

PMID- 18140851
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140852
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140853
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140854
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140855
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140856
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140857
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140858
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140859
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140860
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140862
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140861
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140863
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140864
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140865
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140867
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140866
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140868
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140869
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140870
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140871
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140872
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140874
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140873
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140875
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140876
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140877
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140879
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140878
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140880
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140881
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140882
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140883
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140884
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140885
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140886
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140887
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140888
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140889
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140891
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140890
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140892
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140893
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140895
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140894
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140896
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140897
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140898
TI  - Abscess of the spleen; a review and a case presenting as an intestinal
      obstruction.

PMID- 18140899
TI  - Haemophilia in a South African Bantu; report of a case.

PMID- 18140900
TI  - A case of porcelain gall bladder, renal calculi and unusually large bladder
      calculi.

PMID- 18140901
TI  - Spinal haemangioma treated by deep X-ray therapy.

PMID- 18140902
TI  - Acute regional ileitis; treatment of a case with streptomycin.

PMID- 18140903
TI  - Epilepsy; some physiological considerations.

PMID- 18140904
TI  - An accident service; its organisation.

PMID- 18140905
TI  - Contusion of the brain; report on a case treated by decompression.

PMID- 18140906
TI  - Modern therapeutic agents.

PMID- 18140907
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140908
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140909
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140910
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140911
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140913
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140912
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140914
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140915
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140916
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140917
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140918
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140919
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140921
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140920
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140922
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140923
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140924
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140925
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140926
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140927
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140928
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140929
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140930
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140931
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140932
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140933
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140934
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140935
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140936
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140937
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140938
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140940
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140939
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140941
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140942
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140943
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140944
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140945
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140946
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140947
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140948
TI  - Interaction of homologous alkyl sulfates with bovine serum albumin.

PMID- 18140949
TI  - Kinetics of hydrolysis and displacement reactions of beta, beta1-dichlorodiethyl
      sulfide and of beta-chloro-beta1-hydroxydiethyl sulfide.

PMID- 18140950
TI  - The isomeric aldehydes derived from p-cymene.

PMID- 18140951
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140952
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140953
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140954
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140955
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140956
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140958
TI  - Fatigue, normal and pathological, with special consideration of myasthenia gravis
      and multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 18140957
TI  - Atrophic arthritis, splenomegaly and leukopenia; report of two cases.

PMID- 18140959
TI  - The diagnosis of congenital heart disease.

PMID- 18140960
TI  - New operative procedure for laryngofissure.

PMID- 18140961
TI  - Marfan's syndrome; report of a case.

PMID- 18140962
TI  - Spontaneous pneumothorax in the newborn; report of two cases.

PMID- 18140963
TI  - Industrial medicine problems of the immediate future.

PMID- 18140964
TI  - Peripheral vascular disease.

PMID- 18140965
TI  - The use of radioactive isotopes in the study of peripheral vascular disease.

PMID- 18140966
TI  - Food allergy as a cause of pruritus ani.

PMID- 18140967
TI  - An effective method of intracapsular extraction with a review of 175 cases.

PMID- 18140968
TI  - The place of gastrectomy in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18140969
TI  - Ruptured intervertebral disc in industry.

PMID- 18140970
TI  - Teaching the practicing physician to do psychotherapy.

PMID- 18140971
TI  - Psychosomatics in gynecic practice.

PMID- 18140972
TI  - Anesthesia and the neurosurgical patient.

PMID- 18140973
TI  - Brachial plexus block; a simplified technic using the axillary route.

PMID- 18140974
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140975
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140976
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140977
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140978
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140979
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140980
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140981
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140982
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140984
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140983
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140985
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140986
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140987
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140989
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140988
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140990
TI  - Nitrogen mustard treatment of Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 18140991
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18140992
TI  - The early diagnosis of brain tumor.

PMID- 18140993
TI  - Recent advances in cataract surgery.

PMID- 18140994
TI  - Acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 18140995
TI  - An unusual case of hydrocephalus with some comments on delivery.

PMID- 18140996
TI  - The physiologic basis of the electrocardiogram.

PMID- 18140997
TI  - A concise pharmacology of the new antibiotic agents.

PMID- 18140998
TI  - Intravenous procaine in orthopedics; personal observations and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 18140999
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141000
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141001
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141002
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141003
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141005
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141004
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141006
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141007
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141008
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141009
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141010
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141011
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141012
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141013
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141014
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141016
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141015
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141017
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141018
TI  - The Medical Service Corps of the U.S. Navy.

PMID- 18141019
TI  - The Medical Service Corps of the U.S. Naval Reserve.

PMID- 18141020
TI  - Cysts of the semilunar cartilages of the knee joint.

PMID- 18141021
TI  - Reiter's disease with keratosis blennorrhagica.

PMID- 18141022
TI  - Rupture of the quadriceps tendon.

PMID- 18141023
TI  - Pathologic physiology of truck and car driving.

PMID- 18141024
TI  - Surgeons in battle; the Mobile Surgical Hospital in Burma, 1943 to 1945.

PMID- 18141025
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of a new case of diabetes.

PMID- 18141026
TI  - Plastic surgery.

PMID- 18141027
TI  - The use of sump drainage following operative procedures in the lower pelvis.

PMID- 18141028
TI  - Physiological psychiatry.

PMID- 18141029
TI  - Inspection and rating for mental hospitals.

PMID- 18141030
TI  - A new program in the training and employment of ward personnel.

PMID- 18141031
TI  - A state hospital children's unit.

PMID- 18141032
TI  - America's number one problem; chronic disease and an aging population.

PMID- 18141033
TI  - Cerebral morphologic changes in monkeys subjected to a large number of
      electrically induced convulsions (32-100).

PMID- 18141034
TI  - How specific is psychotherapy?

PMID- 18141035
TI  - Neuropsychiatry in group practice.

PMID- 18141036
TI  - Technique of combined coramine-electroshock therapy.

PMID- 18141037
TI  - Electroshock in the presence of spinal injury.

PMID- 18141038
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141039
TI  - The sensory pathways from the shoulder joint.

PMID- 18141040
TI  - Restoration of cerebral function after prolonged cardiac arrest.

PMID- 18141041
TI  - Syringo-encephalomyelia; discussion of related syndromes and pathologic
      processes, with report of a case.

PMID- 18141042
TI  - Failure to disclose ruptured intervertebral disks in 32 operations for sciatica.

PMID- 18141043
TI  - A specific epileptic syndrome favorably affected by lysis of anomalous
      Pacchionian granulations.

PMID- 18141044
TI  - Craniostenosis; with notes on a modified operation for the brachycephalic form.

PMID- 18141045
TI  - Surgical experiences with acoustic tumors.

PMID- 18141046
TI  - Papilloma of the choroid plexus; report of a case.

PMID- 18141047
TI  - Lateral intrathoracic meningocele.

PMID- 18141048
TI  - Oligodendroglioma of the spinal cord.

PMID- 18141049
TI  - The historical development of metabolism studies.

PMID- 18141050
TI  - Study of essential familial hypercholesterolemia; relationship of diet and blood
      cholesterol levels.

PMID- 18141051
TI  - Utilization of ascorbic acid; crystalline supplement vs grapefruit as source.

PMID- 18141052
TI  - Comparison of meat and legumes in a controlled feeding program; second period
      with regimens reversed; dietaries and results of physical observations.

PMID- 18141053
TI  - Audio-visual aids for use by community nutritionists.

PMID- 18141054
TI  - Practicality of frozen turkey filets, steaks and other products.

PMID- 18141056
TI  - Hereditary myopia.

PMID- 18141055
TI  - Retention of thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin in pork hearts and beef kidneys.

PMID- 18141057
TI  - Anisocoria; attempted induction by unilateral illumination.

PMID- 18141058
TI  - Goniotomy in treatment of congenital glaucoma.

PMID- 18141059
TI  - Operations for blepharoptosis.

PMID- 18141060
TI  - Neuromyelitis optica; presentation of five cases, with pathologic study, and
      review of literature.

PMID- 18141061
TI  - Heteroplastic grafts; presentation of a case.

PMID- 18141062
TI  - Relation of cerebrovascular resistance and the grade of retinal changes in
      hypertension.

PMID- 18141063
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141064
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141065
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141066
TI  - Some data concerning Verhoeff's quantitative test for measuring the acuity of
      binocular stereopsis.

PMID- 18141067
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141068
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141069
TI  - [Ocular manifestations produced by severe colarios basis of tripaflavina].

PMID- 18141070
TI  - [The visual rehabilitation of strabismus].

PMID- 18141071
TI  - Congenital anomalies of the esophagus related to esophageal foreign bodies.

PMID- 18141072
TI  - Acute acetylsalicylic acid intoxication; report of five cases with two deaths.

PMID- 18141073
TI  - Six examples of precocious sexual development; studies in diagnosis and
      pathogenesis.

PMID- 18141074
TI  - Aplastic anemias in childhood; report of a primary idiopathic refractory type,
      with splenectomy, in an 11 year old girl.

PMID- 18141075
TI  - Hypocalcemia in the neonatal period; a clinical study.

PMID- 18141076
TI  - Spontaneous pleural effusion in a newborn infant.

PMID- 18141077
TI  - Mongolism in one of twins and in another sibling; report of a case.

PMID- 18141078
TI  - Composition of human colostrum and milk.

PMID- 18141079
TI  - Functional intestinal obstruction in an infant.

PMID- 18141080
TI  - Influenzal meningitis, evaluation of its treatment; report of case with recovery.

PMID- 18141081
TI  - Acute anterior and acute posterior polimyelitis; are they the same disease?

PMID- 18141082
TI  - Amyotonia congenita; report of two cases and discussion.

PMID- 18141083
TI  - The mechanism of action of anticholinesterase drugs.

PMID- 18141084
TI  - The methylation of noradrenaline by minced suprarenal tissue.

PMID- 18141085
TI  - Studies in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis; thiosemicarbazones and related
      compounds.

PMID- 18141086
TI  - The estimation of some thiosemicarbazones and their blood concentrations in
      experimental animals.

PMID- 18141087
TI  - The effect of dithiols on survival time in rats and mice poisoned with organic
      arsenicals.

PMID- 18141088
TI  - Dimercaprol and the biliary excretion of lead in rabbits.

PMID- 18141089
TI  - pAx and competitive drug antagonism.

PMID- 18141090
TI  - Some pharmacological properties common to antihistamine compounds.

PMID- 18141091
TI  - The fate of tubocurarine in the body.

PMID- 18141092
TI  - The pressor and depressor effects of certain sympathomimetic amines.

PMID- 18141093
TI  - Effect of reduction of potassium on the action of acetylcholine on rabbit
      auricles.

PMID- 18141094
TI  - Isopropylnoradrenaline inhalation and mucous membranes.

PMID- 18141095
TI  - The amount of nicotine absorbed in smoking.

PMID- 18141096
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141097
TI  - Polygala senega and its substitutes.

PMID- 18141098
TI  - Emulsification by ultrasonics.

PMID- 18141099
TI  - Accuracy of perception in peripheral vision in relation to intellectual abilities
      among subjects selected on the basis of dextrality.

PMID- 18141100
TI  - Another experiment in pursuit of color-blindness.

PMID- 18141101
TI  - Our maligned animal nature.

PMID- 18141102
TI  - Career study survey of 300 veteran college students.

PMID- 18141103
TI  - An experimental investigation of prestige-suggestion for two types of literary
      material.

PMID- 18141104
TI  - The Rosenzweig picture-frustration study; norms, reliability, and statistical
      evaluation.

PMID- 18141105
TI  - The Rosenzweig picture frustration study; interpretation.

PMID- 18141106
TI  - Available methods for studying personality.

PMID- 18141107
TI  - Psychology at the beginning of World War II; meditations on the impending
      dismemberment of psychology written in 1942.

PMID- 18141108
TI  - Standards for use of the gust scale.

PMID- 18141109
TI  - Agreement with the judgments of musicologists as a measure of musical taste.

PMID- 18141110
TI  - A study of the personality traits of college students, and of state prison
      inmates as measured by the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory.

PMID- 18141111
TI  - The use of psychometric and projective tests in clinical psychology.

PMID- 18141112
TI  - Personal values as determinants of a political attitude.

PMID- 18141113
TI  - The derivation of the transfer functions of homeostatic systems from experimental
      response curves.

PMID- 18141114
TI  - Schistosome dermatitis in New Zealand; the parasite.

PMID- 18141115
TI  - Schistosome dermatitis in New Zealand; pathology and immunology of cercarial
      lesions.

PMID- 18141116
TI  - The single throat culture as an index of the bacterial flora of the respiratory
      tract.

PMID- 18141117
TI  - The rate of bactericidal action of triethylene glycol vapor on microorganisms
      dispersed into the air in small droplets.

PMID- 18141118
TI  - Studies in human malaria; results of massive subinoculation during latency from
      patients infected with St. Elizabeth strain vivax malaria.

PMID- 18141119
TI  - Studies in human malaria; trials of quinacrine, colchicine (SN 12,080) and
      quinine against Chesson strain vivax malaria.

PMID- 18141120
TI  - Congenital antiviral immunity in Swiss mice.

PMID- 18141121
TI  - Sweet-potato cultivation and hookworm disease in Fukien, South China.

PMID- 18141122
TI  - Motivation in health education.

PMID- 18141123
TI  - Role of the voluntary agency in the overall health program.

PMID- 18141124
TI  - Tuberculosis clinic organization and practice.

PMID- 18141125
TI  - Safety and effectiveness of multiple antigen preparations in a group of free
      living children.

PMID- 18141126
TI  - The in vitro test for virulence of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

PMID- 18141127
TI  - Effect of ultra-violet irradiation of classrooms on spread of mumps and
      chickenpox in large rural central schools.

PMID- 18141128
TI  - Classifying health agency positions.

PMID- 18141129
TI  - The health officer and the medical profession.

PMID- 18141130
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141131
TI  - Medical officers of health.

PMID- 18141132
TI  - For and against institutional midwifery.

PMID- 18141133
TI  - The Children Act.

PMID- 18141134
TI  - Thoughts on the training of health visitors.

PMID- 18141135
TI  - Diagnosing types of color deficiency by means of pseudo-isochromatic tests.

PMID- 18141136
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141137
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141138
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141139
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141140
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141141
TI  - National Health Service Act of Great Britain.

PMID- 18141142
TI  - The therapeutic properties of periodontal cement packs.

PMID- 18141143
TI  - Problems of sewage disposal at coastal towns.

PMID- 18141144
TI  - Sanitary inspectors.

PMID- 18141145
TI  - The collection and disposal of refuse and unsound food.

PMID- 18141146
TI  - Problems of meat inspection in a small urban district.

PMID- 18141147
TI  - Some aspects of housing in a metropolitan borough.

PMID- 18141148
TI  - Control of tsetse flies by human settlement.

PMID- 18141149
TI  - Tropical ulcer; studies in its causation.

PMID- 18141150
TI  - The work of the Birmingham Accident Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre.

PMID- 18141151
TI  - The problem of the resettlement of the psychiatric patient.

PMID- 18141152
TI  - Distribution and salaries of directors of vital statistics and statisticians in
      the state health departments as of August 1948.

PMID- 18141153
TI  - Case registers.

PMID- 18141154
TI  - Proposed elements of a state cancer control program.

PMID- 18141155
TI  - Nomenclature of strains of C. diphtheriae.

PMID- 18141156
TI  - Determination of the specific gravity of ragweed pollen (Ambrosia eletior) and
      conversion of gravity sample counts to volumetric incidence.

PMID- 18141157
TI  - Estimation of chronic disease prevalence with particular reference to syphilis.

PMID- 18141158
TI  - Snap traps versus cage traps in plague surveillance.

PMID- 18141159
TI  - Effects of reservoir operation on stream water quality.

PMID- 18141160
TI  - Incidence of Q fever in eastern Washington; a serological survey.

PMID- 18141161
TI  - Prospectus of research in mass BCG vaccination.

PMID- 18141162
TI  - Tuberculosis and its control in rural areas.

PMID- 18141163
TI  - Our experience in the surgical treatment of diseases of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 18141164
TI  - Recent developments in the therapy of human brucellosis.

PMID- 18141165
TI  - A short note on Brucella fractionation.

PMID- 18141166
TI  - The treatment of Taenia saginata with atabrine.

PMID- 18141167
TI  - The treatment of Taenia saginata with a hexylresorcinol emulsion administered
      into the duodenum.

PMID- 18141168
TI  - Fermentation reactions with dried paper discs containing carbohydrate and
      indicator.

PMID- 18141169
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141170
TI  - System of bio-precipitation of organic matter from sewage.

PMID- 18141171
TI  - The effect of sea water on the biochemical oxidation of sewage.

PMID- 18141172
TI  - The possibilities of disposal of radioactive wastes by biological treatment
      methods.

PMID- 18141173
TI  - Digitalis and splints for two digesters.

PMID- 18141174
TI  - Roentgen therapy as the sole method of treatment of cancer of the breast.

PMID- 18141175
TI  - Treatment and results in cancer of the breast.

PMID- 18141176
TI  - Treatment and results in cancer of the breast.

PMID- 18141177
TI  - Cancer of the breast.

PMID- 18141178
TI  - Treatment and results in cancer of the breast.

PMID- 18141179
TI  - Cancer of the breast.

PMID- 18141180
TI  - Generalized progressive scleroderma; report of an instance of esophagoscopic
      perforation of the esophagus with description of the roentgenological and
      necropsy findings.

PMID- 18141181
TI  - Ulcer associated with diaphragmatic hernia.

PMID- 18141182
TI  - Relative incidence of bone lesions over a 37 year period.

PMID- 18141183
TI  - The roentgenologic examination of the cervical spine.

PMID- 18141184
TI  - Collapse of the vertebral bodies in sickle cell anemia.

PMID- 18141185
TI  - The syndrome of arteriovenous fistula of the lung.

PMID- 18141186
TI  - Menstruation and acute appendicitis.

PMID- 18141187
TI  - Phlebothrombosis of the lower extremities; critical factors in evaluating the
      sites of femoral vein section.

PMID- 18141188
TI  - Clinical evaluation of a new bactericidal agent.

PMID- 18141189
TI  - Progress in colon surgery.

PMID- 18141190
TI  - Tardy ulnar palsy.

PMID- 18141191
TI  - Intradiploic epidermoid tumors (cholesteatoma of the skull).

PMID- 18141192
TI  - Survey of common duct stones in clinical and necropsy cases.

PMID- 18141193
TI  - Early ambulation after surgery.

PMID- 18141194
TI  - Protein hydrolysate as routine supplement to the postoperative diet.

PMID- 18141195
TI  - The small bowel enema.

PMID- 18141196
TI  - The problem of the remaining common duct stone.

PMID- 18141197
TI  - Primary idiopathic segmental infarction of the greater omentum.

PMID- 18141198
TI  - Plantar interdigital neuroma or Morton's toe.

PMID- 18141199
TI  - Tumors of the diaphragm.

PMID- 18141200
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the uterus.

PMID- 18141201
TI  - Intussusception in an adult; primary resection with recovery and subsequent
      normal pregnancy.

PMID- 18141202
TI  - Placenta accreta in syphilis.

PMID- 18141203
TI  - Retrograde spread of carcinoma in the rectum and rectosigmoid.

PMID- 18141204
TI  - Early and delayed clinical effects of vagotomy for peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18141205
TI  - Treatment of cancer of breast by simple mastectomy and roentgenotherapy.

PMID- 18141206
TI  - Anesthesia in traumatic conditions.

PMID- 18141207
TI  - Short radius.

PMID- 18141208
TI  - Contusions of the lung from nonpenetrating injuries to the thorax.

PMID- 18141209
TI  - Technic for arthrodesis of the hip when the femoral head and neck are absent.

PMID- 18141210
TI  - Relief of chronic hypertension by excision of pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 18141211
TI  - Xanthomatous giant cell tumors arising in soft tissue; report of an instance of
      malignant growth.

PMID- 18141213
TI  - Pseudocyst of the liver; report of a case.

PMID- 18141212
TI  - Granulomas of large size caused by implantation of talcum (talcum sarcoids).

PMID- 18141214
TI  - Islet cell tumor of the pancreas.

PMID- 18141215
TI  - Infantile paralysis; research.

PMID- 18141216
TI  - Neuromuscular disorders exclusive of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18141217
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141218
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141219
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141220
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141221
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141222
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141223
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141224
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141226
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141225
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141227
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141228
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141229
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141230
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141231
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141232
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141233
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141234
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141235
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141236
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141238
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141237
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141239
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141240
TI  - Gastric and duodenal ulcers and their complications; treatment by extensive
      resection.

PMID- 18141241
TI  - Variations in the blood supply of the supramesocolonic organs.

PMID- 18141242
TI  - Contribution to the sympathetic pelvic plexus development.

PMID- 18141243
TI  - Vagotomy in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18141244
TI  - Antagonistic reflexes of the middle meningeal and ophthalmic arteries; influence
      on cerebral circulation and cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 18141245
TI  - Rare tumors; etiology and localization; report of three cases.

PMID- 18141246
TI  - Contribution to bone surgery.

PMID- 18141248
TI  - Ureterosigmoidostomy in cases of serious obstinate cystitis.

PMID- 18141247
TI  - Surrounding and suspending ligature of the kidney.

PMID- 18141249
TI  - Mesenteric lymphadenopathies.

PMID- 18141250
TI  - Streptomycin in the surgical therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18141251
TI  - Late complications of traumatic dislocations of the hip joint.

PMID- 18141252
TI  - Regional ileitis in Turkey.

PMID- 18141253
TI  - Vagotomy in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18141254
TI  - Podological surgery.

PMID- 18141255
TI  - Surgical treatment of gastrocolic ptosis.

PMID- 18141256
TI  - Simultaneous occurrence of gallstones and widespread calcification of visceral
      arteries.

PMID- 18141257
TI  - A successful embolectomy at the bifurcation of the aorta.

PMID- 18141258
TI  - Carcinoma of the breast occurring during pregnancy or lactation; report of 12
      cases.

PMID- 18141259
TI  - Scar of operation; appendectomy and bilateral salpingectomy.

PMID- 18141260
TI  - Paralytic ileus.

PMID- 18141261
TI  - Injuries of the larynx and trachea.

PMID- 18141262
TI  - Traumatic strictures of the extrahepatic biliary ducts.

PMID- 18141264
TI  - Surgical treatment of thyroid disease.

PMID- 18141263
TI  - Pseudomonas infection of the mandible with discussion and case report.

PMID- 18141265
TI  - Carcinoma of the jejunum; brief discussion and case report.

PMID- 18141266
TI  - Congenital pyloric stenosis.

PMID- 18141267
TI  - The place of patellectomy in treatment of fractures of the patella.

PMID- 18141268
TI  - Prevention of disability after traumatic dislocation of the hip.

PMID- 18141269
TI  - New scrub-up technic for surgeons.

PMID- 18141270
TI  - Longitudinal pin fixation in Colles' fracture of the wrist.

PMID- 18141271
TI  - Surgical aspects of thrombophlebitis.

PMID- 18141272
TI  - Disease of the epiploic appendices; report of two cases.

PMID- 18141273
TI  - The surgical approach to hypertension.

PMID- 18141274
TI  - Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck.

PMID- 18141275
TI  - Injuries to the peripheral nerves and their treatment.

PMID- 18141276
TI  - Tenosuspension operation for recurrent or habitual dislocation of the shoulder.

PMID- 18141277
TI  - Traumatic defects of the nose and cheeks.

PMID- 18141278
TI  - Spontaneous and traumatic lymph fistulas; data on 40 cases.

PMID- 18141279
TI  - Open-flap amputation.

PMID- 18141280
TI  - Jaundice in general surgery; laboratory diagnostic aids.

PMID- 18141281
TI  - The indications for surgical treatment in Meniere's disease.

PMID- 18141282
TI  - The anesthesiologist now and in the future.

PMID- 18141283
TI  - Differential diagnosis of sarcoma of the stomach; report of four cases.

PMID- 18141284
TI  - Annular rectal stricture resulting from complete or incomplete internal fistula
      in ano.

PMID- 18141285
TI  - Surgical conditions coincident with pregnancy.

PMID- 18141286
TI  - Mixed adenocarcinoma and fibromyxosarcoma arising in fibro-edenoma of the breast;
      report of case.

PMID- 18141287
TI  - Intussusception in infants and children.

PMID- 18141288
TI  - Repair of defects of the shafts of long bones.

PMID- 18141289
TI  - A simplified classification of the gliomas, based on the concept of anaplasia.

PMID- 18141291
TI  - Prolapse of the rectum in infancy and childhood.

PMID- 18141290
TI  - Multiple polyps, multiple intussusceptions and chylous ascites; report of an
      unusual case.

PMID- 18141292
TI  - Lipoma of the colon.

PMID- 18141293
TI  - Persistent truncus arteriosus; a classification according to anatomic types.

PMID- 18141294
TI  - Newer antibacterial agents in surgery.

PMID- 18141295
TI  - Acute craniocerebral trauma.

PMID- 18141296
TI  - The present status of the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 18141297
TI  - Radical operation and palliative therapy for carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 18141298
TI  - Modern technics in gastric surgery.

PMID- 18141299
TI  - Appendicitis; with consideration of the newer drugs in appendiceal peritonitis.

PMID- 18141300
TI  - Modern trends in colonic surgery.

PMID- 18141301
TI  - Surgical aspects of splenic disease.

PMID- 18141302
TI  - The treatment of acute cholecystitis.

PMID- 18141303
TI  - Early diagnosis of cancer of the kidney.

PMID- 18141304
TI  - Acute arterial injuries.

PMID- 18141305
TI  - Open reduction and internal fixation for fractures of the tibia and ankle.

PMID- 18141306
TI  - New trends in pediatric surgery; pectus excavatum, esophageal atresia,
      intussusception, Hirschsprung's disease.

PMID- 18141307
TI  - Recent developments in plastic surgery.

PMID- 18141308
TI  - Suture materials and their use.

PMID- 18141309
TI  - Fluid and electrolyte balance.

PMID- 18141310
TI  - The rate of conversion of administered inorganic radioactive iodine into protein
      bound iodine of plasma as an aid in the evaluation of thyroid function.

PMID- 18141311
TI  - Potassium deficiency in surgical patients.

PMID- 18141312
TI  - Observations in jejunal alimentation.

PMID- 18141313
TI  - The influence of caloric intake upon the fate of parenteral nitrogen.

PMID- 18141314
TI  - Preschool age repair of hypospadias with free inlay skin graft.

PMID- 18141315
TI  - The anatomy of the nerves supplying the common duct and proximal duodenum.

PMID- 18141316
TI  - Effects of a new quaternary amine and a new imidazoline derivative on the
      autonomic nervous system.

PMID- 18141317
TI  - Venous pressures in the saphenous system in normal, varicose, and postphlebitic
      extremities; alterations following femoral vein ligation.

PMID- 18141318
TI  - An impedance gauging system for measurement of biologic pressure variables.

PMID- 18141319
TI  - Factors affecting the diameter of large arteries with particular reference to
      traumatic spasm.

PMID- 18141320
TI  - An experimental study of cardiac massage.

PMID- 18141321
TI  - An evaluation of electrogastrography in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.

PMID- 18141322
TI  - Total gastrectomy; report of 63 cases.

PMID- 18141324
TI  - Quarterectomy; its application in malignant melanoma.

PMID- 18141323
TI  - Excision of the mandible for neoplastic diseases; indications and techniques.

PMID- 18141325
TI  - Studies in acute cholecystitis; surgical management and results.

PMID- 18141326
TI  - An experimental study of the effect of heparin on the local pathology of burns.

PMID- 18141327
TI  - The treatment of advanced mammary cancer with estrogens.

PMID- 18141328
TI  - A mammaplastic substitute for amputation in hypertrophies.

PMID- 18141329
TI  - The implications of local excision or simple mastectomy prior to radical
      mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 18141330
TI  - Cancer of the rectum.

PMID- 18141331
TI  - Principles affecting successful esophageal anastomosis; a report of 23
      operations, without operative mortality.

PMID- 18141332
TI  - The Henry approach to femoral hernia; report of two cases.

PMID- 18141333
TI  - Resection of segments of auricular wall.

PMID- 18141334
TI  - Delayed primary closure of contaminated wounds; a report based on 46 cases.

PMID- 18141335
TI  - Streptomycin therapy in established wound infections.

PMID- 18141336
TI  - The nephrotoxicity of bacitracin in man.

PMID- 18141337
TI  - Spontaneous external biliary fistulas.

PMID- 18141338
TI  - Osteoplastic mobilization of the ilium; a new operative approach to the interior
      of the true pelvis.

PMID- 18141339
TI  - Trigger finger produced by excessive heat.

PMID- 18141340
TI  - Radiodermatitis and necrosis.

PMID- 18141341
TI  - Compounds of zirconium for X-ray media.

PMID- 18141342
TI  - Hemangioma of the breast; report of case.

PMID- 18141343
TI  - Huge chondrosarcoma of rib, report of a case.

PMID- 18141345
TI  - Medical and surgical aspects of pancreatic obstruction and inflammation.

PMID- 18141344
TI  - Experimental embolism of the pulmonary arterioles and capillaries.

PMID- 18141346
TI  - Intractable pruritus vulvae et ani treatment by alcohol injection.

PMID- 18141347
TI  - Surgical management of the infected abortion.

PMID- 18141348
TI  - Adsorption of P32 by bone, dentin and enamel.

PMID- 18141349
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141350
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141351
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141352
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141353
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141354
TI  - Fetal meconium peritonitis; abscess; intestinal obstruction; disappearance of
      radiopaque meconium bodies.

PMID- 18141355
TI  - Pregnancy in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 18141356
TI  - The history of obstetrics and gynecology in early California.

PMID- 18141357
TI  - Some observations on vascular adjustments following interruption of major venous
      channels.

PMID- 18141358
TI  - Additional experiences with parotid gland tumors.

PMID- 18141359
TI  - Metycaine, saddle block anesthesia in obstetrics.

PMID- 18141360
TI  - Interstitial hydatid mole with spontaneous perforation and rupture of the uterine
      cornu.

PMID- 18141361
TI  - The bee-cell pessary.

PMID- 18141362
TI  - The history of obstetrics and gynecology in early California.

PMID- 18141363
TI  - Educational problems in physical medicine and rehabilitation.

PMID- 18141364
TI  - Alterations in peripheral circulation and tissue temperature following local
      application of short wave diathermy.

PMID- 18141365
TI  - The rehabilitation of the amputee.

PMID- 18141366
TI  - Administration of a medical rehabilitation service in a neuropsychiatric
      hospital.

PMID- 18141367
TI  - An industrial accident and rehabilitation service; engineering methods in
      occupational therapy.

PMID- 18141368
TI  - Ulceration of the legs; treatment by the Bisgaard method.

PMID- 18141370
TI  - Musical styles and mental disorders.

PMID- 18141369
TI  - Osteoarthritis of the knee; notes on the principles of Bisgaard in treatment.

PMID- 18141371
TI  - An analysis of the vocational rehabilitation of paraplegic veterans.

PMID- 18141372
TI  - Physical medicine patents.

PMID- 18141373
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141374
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141375
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141376
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141377
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141378
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141379
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141380
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141381
TI  - The effect of high temperature and humidity upon cattle.

PMID- 18141382
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141383
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141384
TI  - Susceptibility of the guinea pig to Endamoeba histolytica of human origin.

PMID- 18141385
TI  - The effect of ozone in water on cysts of Endamoeba histolytica.

PMID- 18141386
TI  - Amoebicidal activity of bismuthoxy p-Nglycolylarsanilate and 7-iodo-4-(1-methyl-4
      diethylaminobutylamino) quinoline diphosphate.

PMID- 18141388
TI  - A malaria survey of the southern territory of Lower California.

PMID- 18141387
TI  - Percussion of the spleen.

PMID- 18141389
TI  - Status of immunity following cure of recurrent vivax malaria.

PMID- 18141391
TI  - Experimental transmission of Q fever by Amblyomma cajennese.

PMID- 18141390
TI  - Report of a case of kala-azar relapsing after 2 years.

PMID- 18141392
TI  - Longevity of Schistosoma manosoni; observations based on a case.

PMID- 18141393
TI  - The control of schistosomiasis japonica; studies on the penetration of various
      types of unimpregnated uniform cloth by cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum.

PMID- 18141394
TI  - Photomicrographs of the developing larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti in a mosquito
      host of the South Pacific area.

PMID- 18141395
TI  - The mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases of the Treasury Islands, British
      Solomon Islands.

PMID- 18141396
TI  - The biology of Liponyssus bacoti, Hirst, 1913 (Acarina, Liponyssidae).

PMID- 18141397
TI  - Phlebotomus and residual DDT in Greece and Italy.

PMID- 18141398
TI  - The identification of certain West African mosquitoes by sound.

PMID- 18141399
TI  - Histoplasmosis of Darling.

PMID- 18141400
TI  - Fuetazo dermatitis.

PMID- 18141401
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141402
TI  - Influence of type of disease on the results of thoracoplasty in pulmonary
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 18141403
TI  - Pleural decortication in pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18141404
TI  - Tuberculosis in nurses; clinical observations on its pathogenesis as seen in a 15
      year follow-up of 745 nurses.

PMID- 18141405
TI  - The problem of tuberculosis control among American Negroes.

PMID- 18141406
TI  - Streptomycin therapy of tuberculous pneumonia in Negro adults.

PMID- 18141407
TI  - The effect of antihistamine medication on the tuberculin reaction in children.

PMID- 18141408
TI  - Chemotherapy of murine leprosy.

PMID- 18141409
TI  - Routine chest photo-roentgenography in Baroness Erlanger Hospital, Chattanooga,
      Tennessee.

PMID- 18141410
TI  - Toxic effects of dl serine on virulent human tubercle bacilli.

PMID- 18141411
TI  - The cost of research on tuberculosis in the United States; analysis of
      allocations in 1947-1948.

PMID- 18141412
TI  - The resected postthoracoplasty lung; a clinico-pathologic correlation.

PMID- 18141413
TI  - Tumors of the mediastinum; a discussion of diagnostic procedure and surgical
      treatment based on experience with 44 operated cases.

PMID- 18141414
TI  - The urinary excretion of amino acids; by normal male subjects on controlled low-
      and high-protein diets.

PMID- 18141415
TI  - The urinary excretion of amino acids; by tuberculous male subjects on controlled
      low- and high-protein diets.

PMID- 18141416
TI  - Studies of food intake and requirements of women with active and arrested
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 18141417
TI  - An appraisal of the contribution of mass radiography in the discovery of
      pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18141418
TI  - The suitable dose of tuberculin testing.

PMID- 18141419
TI  - Miniature chest roentgenograms in schools and industries in San Antonio, Texas.

PMID- 18141420
TI  - Miliary tuberculosis caused by intravenous self-injection of tubercle bacilli,
      treated successfully with streptomycin therapy.

PMID- 18141421
TI  - Abdominal pneumocele following artificial pneumoperitoneum.

PMID- 18141422
TI  - Pneumoperitoneum complicated by inguinal hernia; report of a case.

PMID- 18141423
TI  - Spinal anesthesia for urological procedures in the aged.

PMID- 18141424
TI  - Pelvic single kidney; report of a case.

PMID- 18141425
TI  - Lymphadenomatous ureteral obstruction; stricture of the ureter from Hodgin's
      disease; report of first case.

PMID- 18141426
TI  - Cystitis emphysematosa; a report of the 14th human case diagnosed at cystoscopy.

PMID- 18141427
TI  - Tumors and cell life; an explanation.

PMID- 18141428
TI  - Goeble Stoeckel operation combined with vaginal hysterectomy.

PMID- 18141429
TI  - Eventration of the diaphragm; report of a case involving the kidney.

PMID- 18141430
TI  - An unusual case of pyonephrosis.

PMID- 18141431
TI  - Granuloma inguinale.

PMID- 18141432
TI  - Auricular fibrillation; its incidence in syphilitic heart disease.

PMID- 18141433
TI  - Aureomycin in the treatment of verruca vulgaris.

PMID- 18141435
TI  - Retropubic prostatectomy log.

PMID- 18141434
TI  - Osteitis pubis; a urologic and roentgenographic study.

PMID- 18141436
TI  - The treatment of nephroptosis.

PMID- 18141437
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the ureter; case report.

PMID- 18141438
TI  - Uretero-nephrectomy on a patient with severe kyphosis.

PMID- 18141439
TI  - An effective topical anaesthetic for routine urological hospital and office
      practice.

PMID- 18141440
TI  - Prostatectomy; a critical survey of 11 years' experience in private practice.

PMID- 18141441
TI  - Reconstruction of the urethra with a tube from bladder flap.

PMID- 18141442
TI  - Trauma of solitary kidney.

PMID- 18141443
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of kidney pelvis of unknown etiology; a case report.

PMID- 18141444
TI  - Hematuria, the only symptom in a case of massive renal calculus.

PMID- 18141445
TI  - Large urethral calculus; case report.

PMID- 18141446
TI  - Ten years' experience with the improved supra-pubic trocar.

PMID- 18141447
TI  - Postoperative urinary retention.

PMID- 18141448
TI  - Rupture of aortic aneurysm as a complication of prostatic surgery; two cases.

PMID- 18141449
TI  - Aminophylline as an antipruritic agent; comparison with tetraethylammonium
      chloride.

PMID- 18141450
TI  - The present status of nitrogen mustard therapy in dermatology.

PMID- 18141451
TI  - Venereal disease in peace and war with some reminiscences of the last 40 years.

PMID- 18141452
TI  - Is bejel syphilis?

PMID- 18141453
TI  - Psychiatric implications of venereal disease; an American survey.

PMID- 18141454
TI  - The Ford Robertson and Colquhoun modification of the Meinicke clarification
      reaction compared with the Harrison-Wyler Wassermann and the standard Kahn
      reactions; together with a new method of notation.

PMID- 18141455
TI  - Keratoderma blenorrhagica following Reiter's disease; report of a case
      successfully treated with massive doses of penicillin.

PMID- 18141456
TI  - Complement fixation technique; estimation of complement doses.

PMID- 18141457
TI  - A study of nonspecific urethritis in British soldiery.

PMID- 18141458
TI  - The baffling case of baby T.

PMID- 18141459
TI  - Attitude of venereal disease patients toward clinics and rapid treatment centers.

PMID- 18141460
TI  - Case holding in out-patient therapy of syphilis; a study of case-holding
      experiences in the out-patient management of patients treated with penicillin on
      an ambulatory basis.

PMID- 18141461
TI  - Rapid treatment of syphilis; a second study of clinic attendance.

PMID- 18141462
TI  - The use of a multiple-copy form as an efficient clerical basis for medical
      clinics operation.

PMID- 18141463
TI  - Characteristics of the cerebrospinal fluid in lymphogranuloma venereum.

PMID- 18141464
TI  - Mold fungi in the etiology of respiratory allergic diseases; intrinsic fungus
      factors in relation to asthma.

PMID- 18141465
TI  - Mold fungi in the etiology of respiratory allergic diseases; phytopathogenic
      fungi in aerobiological populations.

PMID- 18141466
TI  - Mold fungi in the etiology of respiratory allergic diseases; further studies with
      mold extracts.

PMID- 18141467
TI  - Mold fungi in the etiology of respiratory allergic diseases; the use of a
      concentrated extract in the treatment of mold-sensitive patients.

PMID- 18141468
TI  - Procedure for determination of aerosol delivery and stability during
      nebulization.

PMID- 18141469
TI  - Penicillin sensitivity.

PMID- 18141470
TI  - Inhaiant allergy; factors modifying the whealing response of the skin.

PMID- 18141471
TI  - Inhalant allergy; the coseasonal application of serial dilution testing
      (titration).

PMID- 18141472
TI  - The topical application of thephorin; a study of the frequency of eczematous
      sensitization.

PMID- 18141473
TI  - Corn sugar as an allergen.

PMID- 18141474
TI  - Diatrin hydrochloride; a new antibistaminic agent for the treatment of pruritus
      and allergic dermatoses.

PMID- 18141475
TI  - Possible uses of a delayed-action antihistaminic; clinical trials.

PMID- 18141476
TI  - Observations on the action of orthoxine in patients with bronchial asthma.

PMID- 18141477
TI  - Hay fever; a review of the literature of 1948.

PMID- 18141478
TI  - The nervous system of Purkinje fibres in the heart.

PMID- 18141479
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141480
TI  - Flexi-rigid, optical esophagoscope.

PMID- 18141481
TI  - Esophageal atresia and esophageotracheal fistula.

PMID- 18141482
TI  - Studies on defective development following X-ray-radiation; the point of attack
      and its mechanics.

PMID- 18141483
TI  - Human skeletal remains from Gol Ba' it, Sungai Siput, Perak, Malay Peninsula.

PMID- 18141484
TI  - Contribution to the knowledge of some dental anomalies, VIII.

PMID- 18141485
TI  - A macrophage-promoting factor in the blood of rabbits.

PMID- 18141486
TI  - Observations on the blood supply of growing antlers.

PMID- 18141487
TI  - Cytochemical observations on the fetal membranes and placenta of the bat, Myotis
      lucifugus lucifugus.

PMID- 18141488
TI  - Reproduction of a South American rodent, the mountain viscacha.

PMID- 18141489
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141490
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141491
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141492
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141493
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141494
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141495
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141496
TI  - Dyadic anova, an analysis of variance for vectors.

PMID- 18141497
TI  - Development of the posterior trunk and tail of the chick embryo.

PMID- 18141499
TI  - Experiments on partially deneurotized nerves; absence of branching of residual
      fibers.

PMID- 18141498
TI  - The invasion of the epidermis of the regenerating forelimb of the urodele,
      Triturus, by nerve fibers.

PMID- 18141500
TI  - In vitro development of the early chick embryo in the absence of small organic
      molecules.

PMID- 18141501
TI  - The influence of egg volume on the development of haploid and diploid embryos of
      the frog, Rana pipiens.

PMID- 18141502
TI  - The nervous system and regeneration of the forelimb of adult Triturus; the effect
      of limited nerve quantities on regeneration.

PMID- 18141503
TI  - Cytologic diagnosis of malignant lesions.

PMID- 18141504
TI  - Diet and azo dye tumors; effect of diet during a period when the dye is not fed.

PMID- 18141505
TI  - Early changes in the lungs of rats treated with urethane.

PMID- 18141506
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141508
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141507
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141509
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141510
TI  - Studies on the action of chloramphenicol on enzymatic systems; effect of
      chloramphenicol on the activity of proteolytic enzymes.

PMID- 18141511
TI  - A microanalytical method for the volatile fatty acids.

PMID- 18141512
TI  - The biological degradation of lignin; utilization of lignin by fungi.

PMID- 18141513
TI  - Studies on the permeability of erythrocytes; the relationship between
      cholinesterase activity and permeability of dog erythrocytes.

PMID- 18141514
TI  - Studies on cell enzyme systems; evidence for enzyme-substrate complex formation
      in the reaction of Cypridina luciferin and luciferase.

PMID- 18141515
TI  - Studies with penicillinase in the presence of sulfonamides.

PMID- 18141516
TI  - Antibiotin effect of homologs of biotin and biotin sulfone.

PMID- 18141517
TI  - Biochemical studies on chloramphenicol; colorimetric methods for the
      determination of chloramphenicol and related nitro compounds.

PMID- 18141518
TI  - Factors influencing fat synthesis by Rhodotorula gracilis.

PMID- 18141519
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of action of ionizing radiations; the plasma protein of
      dogs after X-ray irradiation; an electrophoretic study.

PMID- 18141520
TI  - On the mechanism of enzyme action; a comparative study of the metabolism of
      carbohydrates, in the presence of inorganic and organic phosphates, by Merulius
      lacrymans and Marasmius chordalis.

PMID- 18141521
TI  - Lipase determinations with the aid of polyvinyl alcohol.

PMID- 18141522
TI  - On the mechanism of enzyme action; the interaction of solanione, riboflavin, and
      nicotinic acid in the carbohydrate-fat conversion by certain Fusaria.

PMID- 18141523
TI  - Lack of effect of carbamyl-L-glutamic acid on the growth of certain arginineless
      mutants of Neurospora.

PMID- 18141524
TI  - n-Diamylacetic acid and nitrate assimilation.

PMID- 18141525
TI  - Functions of adenosine triphosphate and other phosphoric acid derivatives.

PMID- 18141526
TI  - Fate of S35-Na estrone sulfate in pregnant and non-pregnant rats.

PMID- 18141527
TI  - The isolation of a crystalline actinomycin-like antibiotic.

PMID- 18141528
TI  - Synthesis of the short-chain fatty acids of milk fat from acetate.

PMID- 18141529
TI  - Effect of vitamin B12 and animal protein factor supplement on methionine needs of
      the pig.

PMID- 18141530
TI  - The effect of adrenocorticotropic and growth hormones on the glucose uptake and
      glycogen synthesis by the isolated diaphragm with and without insulin.

PMID- 18141533
TI  - Nitrogen in human dental enamel.

PMID- 18141537
TI  - The fate of certain organic acids and amides in the rabbit; toluic acids and
      amides.

PMID- 18141538
TI  - Properties of the avid phosphatases of erythrocytes and of human prostate gland.

PMID- 18141539
TI  - Studies in detoxication; the characterization of phyenylglucuronide, and its rate
      of hydrolysis compared with that of phenylsulphuric acid.

PMID- 18141542
TI  - The metabolism of the amino sugars; the breakdown of N-acetylglucosamine by
      strains of Streptococcus haemolyticus and other streptococci.

PMID- 18141545
TI  - Renal function as affected by experimental unilateral kidney lesions; the effect
      of cyanide.

PMID- 18141546
TI  - Separation of various penicillins by partition chromatography.

PMID- 18141547
TI  - Microbiological assay of growth factors essential for Lactobacillus leichmanii
      313 and Leuconostoc citrovorum.

PMID- 18141548
TI  - The influence of dietary protein levels on experimental liver injury in dogs.

PMID- 18141549
TI  - Studies on porphyrin metabolism in the rabbit.

PMID- 18141550
TI  - Effects of electrolytes on the molecular weight of tropomyosin.

PMID- 18141551
TI  - Separation of N-2:4-dinitrophenyl derivatives of the methyl esters of amino-acids
      by adsorption chromatography.

PMID- 18141552
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141553
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141554
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141555
TI  - The clinical application of nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia.

PMID- 18141556
TI  - Chlorophyll, the green wonder drug.

PMID- 18141557
TI  - Diagnosis and analysis of periodontal lesions.

PMID- 18141559
TI  - Principles and technique of exodontia.

PMID- 18141558
TI  - Cancer of the mouth.

PMID- 18141560
TI  - Involvement of the paranasal sinuses in tumors originating from the mucous
      membrane of the cheek.

PMID- 18141561
TI  - Periarteritis nodosa; report of a case with involvement of the tongue.

PMID- 18141563
TI  - Erythema exudativum multiforme.

PMID- 18141562
TI  - Response of lingual manifestations of pernicious anemia to pteroylglutamic acid
      and vitamin B12.

PMID- 18141564
TI  - The submandibular and parapharyngeal spaces; their topography and importance in
      oral surgery.

PMID- 18141565
TI  - Evaluation and correction of faults and errors most frequently encountered in the
      practice of intraoral roentgenography.

PMID- 18141566
TI  - Temporomandibular joint disease.

PMID- 18141567
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141568
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141569
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141570
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141571
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141572
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141573
TI  - Experimental assessment of therapeutic efficiency of antifungal substances.

PMID- 18141574
TI  - Pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma.

PMID- 18141575
TI  - Trauma of the pancreas; experimental study.

PMID- 18141576
TI  - The function of the hepatic artery in the dog.

PMID- 18141577
TI  - Anoxia and the liver with special reference to shock and chronic malnutrition.

PMID- 18141578
TI  - Sterilization of the human gut with phthalylsulfacetimide.

PMID- 18141579
TI  - Testosterone and tissue respiration of the castrate male rat with a possible test
      for myotrophic activity.

PMID- 18141580
TI  - The mechanism of action of Lithospermum ruderale.

PMID- 18141581
TI  - The effect of growth hormone preparations on alkaline phosphatase of the tibia.

PMID- 18141582
TI  - Adrenal changes produced in rats by infection with B. tularense and B. coli.

PMID- 18141583
TI  - The effect of adrenal cortex extract upon urinary non-protein nitrogen and
      changes in weight in young adrenalectomized rats.

PMID- 18141584
TI  - Effects of underfeeding on thiouracil action in rats and mice.

PMID- 18141585
TI  - Influence of the dietary protein concentration upon the corticotrophic action of
      lyophilized anterior pituitary.

PMID- 18141586
TI  - Effects of a high protein diet on the anemia induced by hypophysectomy in adult
      female rats, including further details on posthypophysectomy anemia.

PMID- 18141587
TI  - Studies on the nature of the protein catabolic response to adrenal cortical
      extract; accentuation by insulin hypoglycemia.

PMID- 18141588
TI  - Trophic hormones of the placenta; failure to demonstrate thyrotrophin or
      adrenocorticotrophin production in the hypophysectomized pregnant rat.

PMID- 18141589
TI  - The excretion of pantothenic acid and ascorbic acid by intact and
      adrenalectomized rats on diets supplemented with and deficient in pantothenic
      acid.

PMID- 18141590
TI  - Effect of follicle stimulating hormone upon oxygen consumption of chick ovary
      slices.

PMID- 18141591
TI  - Failure of adrenocortical extract to modify the immunity acquired by intact mice
      through the use of pneumococcal vaccine.

PMID- 18141593
TI  - Notes on the history of the adrenal cortical problem.

PMID- 18141592
TI  - Growth hormone and fat metabolism.

PMID- 18141594
TI  - The chemistry and partial synthesis of adrenal steroids.

PMID- 18141595
TI  - Studies on the protective power of adrenal extract and steroids against bacterial
      toxins in adrenalectomized rats.

PMID- 18141596
TI  - The comparative activities of 11-dehydrocorticosterone isolated from the adrenal
      gland and that produced synthetically.

PMID- 18141597
TI  - The bioassay of adrenal cortical steroids.

PMID- 18141599
TI  - The adrenal cortex and its tumors.

PMID- 18141598
TI  - Some studies on the role of the adrenal cortex in organic metabolism.

PMID- 18141600
TI  - Urinary excretion of adrenal cortical steroids.

PMID- 18141601
TI  - Clinical studies in Addison's disease.

PMID- 18141602
TI  - Biologically produced corrosion accelerators; sulphur compounds.

PMID- 18141603
TI  - The electrodeposition of metals; recent fundamental research on microstructure.

PMID- 18141604
TI  - Recent developments in electrodeposited alloy finishes.

PMID- 18141605
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141606
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141607
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141608
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141609
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141610
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141611
TI  - Electrolytic preparation of azo-dyes; dye formation at an iron anode.

PMID- 18141612
TI  - A note on the micro-organisms present in date-palm juice (sendhi).

PMID- 18141613
TI  - Anti-histamine activity of substituted benzhydryl amines.

PMID- 18141614
TI  - Processes of separation involving dialysis.

PMID- 18141615
TI  - SCIENCE and telepathy.

PMID- 18141617
TI  - Physical approach to the study of biological systems.

PMID- 18141616
TI  - B., D. Physiological and psychological effects of high temperature and humidity
      in mining and metallurgical works.

PMID- 18141618
TI  - Preparation and insecticidal action of bis (bis-dimethylamino)-phosphorous
      anhydride.

PMID- 18141619
TI  - Progress of cancer research.

PMID- 18141620
TI  - Species differences in insulins.

PMID- 18141621
TI  - Toxicity of polar bear liver.

PMID- 18141622
TI  - Ascorbic acid content of some local Barbados foods.

PMID- 18141623
TI  - Ultra-violet absorption of living cells.

PMID- 18141624
TI  - Synthesis of cinerone, cinerolone and of cinerin-I.

PMID- 18141625
TI  - A method of breaking emulsions.

PMID- 18141626
TI  - Use of Geiger counter for quantitative estimation of phosphorus-32 in
      histological sections.

PMID- 18141627
TI  - Production of spring wood and beta-indole acetic acid (heteroauxin).

PMID- 18141628
TI  - Automatic measuring burette.

PMID- 18141629
TI  - A simple automatic fraction-cutter for liquid columns.

PMID- 18141631
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141630
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141632
TI  - Problems of the scientist.

PMID- 18141633
TI  - Very low temperature physics.

PMID- 18141634
TI  - Coding of mathematical expressions.

PMID- 18141635
TI  - Kinetics of the absorption of carbon dioxide in water.

PMID- 18141636
TI  - Quantitative measurements of the elastic properties of the skin and subcutaneous
      tissue in young and old individuals.

PMID- 18141637
TI  - The working life span of American workers.

PMID- 18141638
TI  - Old age; an American problem.

PMID- 18141639
TI  - Recreation for the aged.

PMID- 18141640
TI  - Striae gravidarum and their prophylaxis.

PMID- 18141641
TI  - An attempt to estimate the absolute incidence of myoma patients and the time of
      development of the uterine myoma.

PMID- 18141642
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141643
TI  - A case of glioma of the uterus.

PMID- 18141644
TI  - A study of anovulatory menstruation based on 501 endometrial biopsies.

PMID- 18141645
TI  - The treatment of early threatened abortions.

PMID- 18141646
TI  - Maternal mortality; a statistical study of earlier and present prognosis in
      childbirth.

PMID- 18141647
TI  - Ovarian and parovarian tumors in children; a report on 43 cases.

PMID- 18141648
TI  - An examination of the spermatocidal effect of some chemical contraceptives.

PMID- 18141649
TI  - Can determination of pregnandiol in the urine be employed as pregnancy test?

PMID- 18141650
TI  - On uterine atresia consequent to curettage.

PMID- 18141651
TI  - International agreement on stage-grouping in cancer of the cervix of the uterus.

PMID- 18141652
TI  - Caloric versus protein needs during dietary restriction.

PMID- 18141653
TI  - The excretion of 17-ketosteroids; normal values in relation to age and sex.

PMID- 18141654
TI  - Amino acids in tobacco mosaic virus.

PMID- 18141655
TI  - Pentoses in hair.

PMID- 18141656
TI  - A study of Cercaria fraseri Buckley, 1939, in Madras.

PMID- 18141657
TI  - The pubovesical ligament in stress incontinence.

PMID- 18141658
TI  - Some clinical aspects of dysgerminoma ovarii.

PMID- 18141659
TI  - On the motility of the uterus during labour and the influence of the motility
      pattern on the duration of the labour.

PMID- 18141660
TI  - Primary chorionepithelioma of the ovary; report of two cases.

PMID- 18141661
TI  - A case of ovarian rupture following gonadotropin therapy.

PMID- 18141662
TI  - On the traumatic effect of curettage on the endometrial biopsy, with special
      reference to so-called invagination pictures and the crumbling endometrium.

PMID- 18141664
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141663
TI  - 1000 cases of erosion of the portio treated by electrocoagulation.

PMID- 18141665
TI  - On interstitial pregnancy; with report of a case.

PMID- 18141666
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141667
TI  - On excision of the cervical canal in conjunction with uterus amputation.

PMID- 18141668
TI  - The treatment of functional sterility with gonadotropic hormones.

PMID- 18141669
TI  - Fibroma of the ovary and two cases of Meigs' syndrome.

PMID- 18141670
TI  - Pregnancy intoxications in wartime.

PMID- 18141671
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141672
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141673
TI  - Endometriosis in vaginal, vulvar and perineal scars.

PMID- 18141674
TI  - Some aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the ovary.

PMID- 18141675
TI  - Gravidity after bilateral oophorectomy for struma ovarii.

PMID- 18141676
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141677
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141678
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141679
TI  - Testing potentials of prospective employees.

PMID- 18141680
TI  - The physiological response of animals to trichloroacetonitrile administered
      orally, applied on the skin or inhaled as a vapor in air.

PMID- 18141681
TI  - The industrial physician and workmen's compensation; current trends in
      compensation legislation.

PMID- 18141682
TI  - Range-finding toxicity tests on propylene glycol in the rat.

PMID- 18141683
TI  - Incidence of diabetes mellitus among applicants for employment at an industrial
      plant.

PMID- 18141684
TI  - A new method of evaluating disability in silicosis and other conditions of the
      lungs and circulation.

PMID- 18141685
TI  - The industrial physician and health insurance; retirement, group life and
      noncompensable disability insurance.

PMID- 18141686
TI  - Non-occupational berylliosis.

PMID- 18141687
TI  - Burns of the skin produced by trichloroethylene vapors at room temperature.

PMID- 18141688
TI  - The effect of BAL on experimental lead, tungsten, vanadium, uranium, copper and
      copper-arsenic poisoning.

PMID- 18141689
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141690
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141691
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141692
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141693
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141694
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141695
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141696
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141697
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141698
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141700
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141699
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141701
TI  - Thoughts on medical education.

PMID- 18141702
TI  - Observations with nitrogen mustards.

PMID- 18141703
TI  - A case of Werner's syndrome.

PMID- 18141704
TI  - Experiences with tetraethylammoniumbromide.

PMID- 18141705
TI  - Red blood cell diameter in acute hepatitis.

PMID- 18141706
TI  - Studies of the occurrence of Candida albicans.

PMID- 18141707
TI  - On a cardio-vascular-epileptiform syndrome in a case of pituitary tumor.

PMID- 18141708
TI  - Studies on the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever; the antistreptolysin titre in
      acute tonsillitis.

PMID- 18141709
TI  - A case of endarteritis obliterans in the medium-sized vessels of the kidney.

PMID- 18141710
TI  - Lethally progressing disease of the vessels of the kidney and the heart as
      complications in antisyphilitic therapy.

PMID- 18141711
TI  - The influence of tetraethylammonium bromide on the peripheral blood picture.

PMID- 18141712
TI  - Investigation of an apparatus for calibrated phonocardiography according to the
      Mannheimer-Stordal system.

PMID- 18141713
TI  - Studies on renal pathology.

PMID- 18141714
TI  - A case of dysgerminoma ovarii tested hormonally.

PMID- 18141715
TI  - Studies on the circulation in man; cardiac output and blood pressure in the right
      auricle, right ventricle and pulmonary artery in patients with hypertensive
      cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 18141716
TI  - Adams-Stokes attacks caused by ventricular fibrillation, in a man with otherwise
      normal heart.

PMID- 18141717
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141718
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141719
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141720
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141722
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141721
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141723
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141724
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141726
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141727
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141728
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141729
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141731
TI  - Ulcer of the pyloric ring; report of 20 cases.

PMID- 18141730
TI  - Symptoms attributable to cold hemagglutination; report of two cases.

PMID- 18141732
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of syphilitic saccular aneurysms of the ascending aorta into
      the pericardial cavity, with hemopericardium; report of sudden death in 29 cases.

PMID- 18141733
TI  - Dissecting aneurysms of the aorta.

PMID- 18141734
TI  - Hematologic studies in Hiroshima and a control city 2 years after the atomic
      bombing.

PMID- 18141735
TI  - Clinical significance of Bacteroides.

PMID- 18141736
TI  - Intravenous catheterization of the heart in suspected congenital heart disease;
      report of 72 cases.

PMID- 18141737
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141738
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141742
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141741
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141743
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141744
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141745
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141746
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141747
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141748
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141749
TI  - Fat absorption and some of its problems.

PMID- 18141750
TI  - Modern trends in radiology.

PMID- 18141751
TI  - Value of sphincter-preserving operations in cancer of rectum with special
      reference to reconstructive abdomino-perineal excision.

PMID- 18141752
TI  - A new mechanism of vitamin deprivation with special reference to the sprue
      syndrome.

PMID- 18141753
TI  - Tuberculosis of the breast.

PMID- 18141754
TI  - Human infestation with Trichostrongylus in south Persia.

PMID- 18141755
TI  - A tidal-air whistle.

PMID- 18141756
TI  - Congenital pyloric stenosis in three successive male babies of the same parents.

PMID- 18141757
TI  - Reorganization of the medical services of the armed forces.

PMID- 18141758
TI  - Anti-external rotation abduction splint and bed cradle.

PMID- 18141759
TI  - A new neonatal syndrome.

PMID- 18141760
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141761
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141762
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141763
TI  - Health aspects of air pollution.

PMID- 18141764
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141765
TI  - Infantile eczema.

PMID- 18141766
TI  - The surgical treatment of urinary retention.

PMID- 18141767
TI  - Puzzling functional syndromes.

PMID- 18141768
TI  - The clinical uses of aureomycin.

PMID- 18141769
TI  - Present day concepts in the management of carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 18141770
TI  - Some mechanisms involved in testing hepatic excretory function.

PMID- 18141771
TI  - Chronic relapsing pancreatitis.

PMID- 18141772
TI  - The relationship between lipoid nephrosis and nephritis.

PMID- 18141773
TI  - The oral manifestations in 75 cases of vitamin B complex deficiency.

PMID- 18141774
TI  - Physiological reactions to a changing environment; occurrence of cold shock.

PMID- 18141775
TI  - Chronic unilateral typhoid pyelonephritis; report of a case.

PMID- 18141776
TI  - Sterilization of surgeon's hands; a bacteriological study.

PMID- 18141777
TI  - Thrombocytopenic purpura complicating typhoid and paratyphoid fever.

PMID- 18141778
TI  - The use of beef residue hydrolysate for the production of potent diphtheria
      toxin.

PMID- 18141779
TI  - Rupture of annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc and sciatica; with a
      review of 16 cases.

PMID- 18141780
TI  - Salmonella infections in infancy and childhood; a preliminary report of 36 cases
      with bacteriological studies.

PMID- 18141781
TI  - The use of Estlander-Abbe's operation in repairing traumatic cleft lip; report of
      six cases.

PMID- 18141782
TI  - Ascariasis of liver complicating amebic abscess.

PMID- 18141783
TI  - Fractures of shafts of tibia and fibula with special reference to treatment with
      two pin traction cast.

PMID- 18141784
TI  - A study on the antigenicity and toxicity of equine serum denatured by formalin
      and heat.

PMID- 18141785
TI  - Appendicitis in Nanking; a report of 200 cases.

PMID- 18141787
TI  - Medical uses of oxygen.

PMID- 18141788
TI  - Traditional medical education and emotional needs of patients.

PMID- 18141786
TI  - Accidents in prophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum.

PMID- 18141789
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141790
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141791
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141792
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141793
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141794
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141795
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141796
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141797
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141798
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141799
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141800
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141801
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141802
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141803
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141804
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141806
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141805
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141807
TI  - Medical research as an aim in life.

PMID- 18141808
TI  - The effects of thiouracil upon climacteric hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 18141809
TI  - The effect of changes of temperature on the haemolysis of erythrocytes.

PMID- 18141810
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141811
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141812
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141813
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141814
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141815
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141816
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141817
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141818
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141819
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141820
TI  - Legal aspects of medical research.

PMID- 18141821
TI  - Neurosyphilis treated with penicillin; report of 140 cases.

PMID- 18141822
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of mechanical backache.

PMID- 18141823
TI  - North Carolina cancer control program.

PMID- 18141824
TI  - Prolonged treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with pituitary adrenocorticotropic
      hormone.

PMID- 18141825
TI  - Tuberculous abscess successfully treated by aspiration and injection of
      streptomycin.

PMID- 18141826
TI  - Serous arthritis of the knee joint; report of a case caused by Salmonella typhosa
      and Salmonella montevideo in a child.

PMID- 18141827
TI  - Streptomycin in tuberculous peritonitis.

PMID- 18141828
TI  - Abnormal leucocytic response to thiouracil.

PMID- 18141829
TI  - Male hormone implantation in sterility; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18141830
TI  - The intramedullary course of the hypoglossal nerve.

PMID- 18141831
TI  - Some clinical aspects of hepatic and gallbladder amoebiasis with case reports.

PMID- 18141832
TI  - Nocturnal haemoglobinuria (Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome) report of two cases.

PMID- 18141833
TI  - Impression materials.

PMID- 18141834
TI  - Ulcerative colitis; a medical and surgical problem.

PMID- 18141835
TI  - Reiter's syndrome; a case report.

PMID- 18141836
TI  - PRINCIPLES of early management of hand injuries.

PMID- 18141837
TI  - The clinical significance of closure of the retinal vessels.

PMID- 18141838
TI  - Epileptic variants often mistaken for the psychoneuroses; differential diagnosis
      and treatment.

PMID- 18141839
TI  - Fracture problems of the lower extremity.

PMID- 18141840
TI  - A technic for vaginal hysterectomy with only four vascular pedicles with the aid
      of a special cystic duct hemostatic forcep.

PMID- 18141841
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141842
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141844
TI  - MECHANICAL properties of human bones.

PMID- 18141843
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141845
TI  - Direction of research.

PMID- 18141846
TI  - The cultivation in vitro of various amphibian tissues.

PMID- 18141847
TI  - Pepper and white pepper shell.

PMID- 18141848
TI  - The insect in literature.

PMID- 18141849
TI  - Role of tryptophan in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide.

PMID- 18141850
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141851
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141852
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141853
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141854
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141855
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141856
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141857
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141858
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141859
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141860
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141861
TI  - Systemic pathology consequent to traumatic shock.

PMID- 18141863
TI  - Coincidental pseudomucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary and adenocarcinoma of
      the rectosigmoid colon; report of a case.

PMID- 18141862
TI  - Tuberculoma of the brain associated with sickle cell anemia.

PMID- 18141864
TI  - Polymyxin effective in the treatment of pyocyaneus sepsis; report of a case.

PMID- 18141865
TI  - Obstruction of the common bile duct caused by an eroding gallstone; report of two
      cases.

PMID- 18141866
TI  - Scoliosis; a concept of its pathogenesis; preliminary report.

PMID- 18141867
TI  - A bleb technic of arterial puncture.

PMID- 18141868
TI  - Cerebral angiography; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18141869
TI  - Preventive pediatrics in private practice.

PMID- 18141870
TI  - Myasthenia gravis; case report involving the muscles of phonation and
      deglutition.

PMID- 18141871
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141872
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141873
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141874
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141875
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141876
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141877
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141879
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141878
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141880
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141882
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141881
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141883
TI  - Cancer of the lung; review of 1,000 cases.

PMID- 18141884
TI  - Treatment of status epilepticus.

PMID- 18141885
TI  - Torsion and other affections of the appendices epiploicae.

PMID- 18141886
TI  - Bacteraemia following dental extractions.

PMID- 18141887
TI  - Relation of birth weight to physical development in childhood.

PMID- 18141888
TI  - Radiotherapy of accessible malignant tumors by alternating chess-board method.

PMID- 18141889
TI  - Haemopoietic activity of whale-liver extract.

PMID- 18141890
TI  - Congenital hydronephrosis and hydroureter with contralateral pain.

PMID- 18141891
TI  - Measles in London.

PMID- 18141892
TI  - [The physician in public health organisation].

PMID- 18141893
TI  - [Progress in cardiology].

PMID- 18141894
TI  - [Treatment of progressive muscular dystrophy in children].

PMID- 18141895
TI  - [Treatment of pleurisy with effusion; new method].

PMID- 18141896
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141898
TI  - [New advances in nuclear physics and their application in medicine].

PMID- 18141897
TI  - [Pathologic physiology of the kidney].

PMID- 18141899
TI  - [Penicillin in treatment of nonspecific suppurative pulm. processes].

PMID- 18141900
TI  - [Gastrectomia totalis].

PMID- 18141901
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141902
TI  - [Contribution to the diagnosis of sodoku on adults].

PMID- 18141903
TI  - [Actinotherapy of uterine carcinoma].

PMID- 18141904
TI  - [Contribution to the extranasal dacrycystorhinostomy].

PMID- 18141905
TI  - [Tuberculosis conjunctivae].

PMID- 18141906
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141907
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141908
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141909
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141911
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141910
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141912
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141913
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141914
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141915
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141916
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141917
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141918
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141919
TI  - [Cardiac disorders and pregnancy].

PMID- 18141920
TI  - [The problem of conjunctivitis phlyctenular].

PMID- 18141921
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141922
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141924
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141923
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141925
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141926
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141927
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141928
TI  - Anaesthesia today.

PMID- 18141929
TI  - The teaching of anaesthesia in New South Wales.

PMID- 18141930
TI  - The teaching of anaesthetics in South Australia.

PMID- 18141931
TI  - The respiratory valve.

PMID- 18141932
TI  - The aging man in the modern world.

PMID- 18141933
TI  - Modern trends in treatment of anaemia.

PMID- 18141934
TI  - Notes on the heart, with special reference to intrathoracic tuberculosis.

PMID- 18141935
TI  - Relief of bronchial asthma; a clinical study with anthaphylline.

PMID- 18141936
TI  - Diabetes detection and care.

PMID- 18141937
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141938
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141939
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141940
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141941
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141942
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141943
TI  - Hidden genito-urinary tract conditions masquerading or misinterpreted as
      abdominal conditions.

PMID- 18141944
TI  - Thoracic injuries.

PMID- 18141945
TI  - Evaluation of the syphilis control program.

PMID- 18141946
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141947
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141948
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141949
TI  - National health service; recommendations of the Hoover Commission.

PMID- 18141950
TI  - The use of psychotherapy in general practice.

PMID- 18141951
TI  - Syphilitic aortitis with obstruction of multiple aortic ostia.

PMID- 18141952
TI  - Punch liver biopsy in the diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis; report of a case.

PMID- 18141953
TI  - Studies on the relation of pituitary-adrenal function to rheumatic disease.

PMID- 18141954
TI  - Carcinoma of the lung, undifferentiated, upper lobe, with extensive necrosis and
      with metastases to lungs.

PMID- 18141955
TI  - Determination of the blood groups of dried blood stains.

PMID- 18141956
TI  - Mycoses encounted in the Pacific southwest area of the United States of North
      America.

PMID- 18141957
TI  - Increase of weight during pregnancy; a study of European women in New Zealand.

PMID- 18141958
TI  - Filariasis control in the Cook Islands.

PMID- 18141959
TI  - A study of the incidence and mortality rates of lobar pneumonia as seen in the
      Wellington Hospital during the past 20 years.

PMID- 18141960
TI  - Ehlers-Dalos syndrome; syndrome of hyper-elastic skin; hyper-mobile joints;
      haemorrhagic tendency; report of a case.

PMID- 18141961
TI  - The use of streptomycin in the treatment of progressive post-operative gangrene
      of the abdominal wall.

PMID- 18141962
TI  - Testing the hearing and the assessment of loss of capacity for the hearing of
      speech.

PMID- 18141963
TI  - A case of hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 18141964
TI  - Undescended testicles.

PMID- 18141965
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141966
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141967
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141968
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141969
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141970
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141971
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141972
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141974
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141973
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141975
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141976
TI  - Cholesterol and coronary artery disease.

PMID- 18141977
TI  - Blood cholesterol studies in coronary artery disease.

PMID- 18141978
TI  - Plasma cholesterol concentrations following ingestion of five grams of
      cholesterol in patients with coronary artery disease.

PMID- 18141979
TI  - Methyl cellulose therapy in chronic constipation with a brief summary of the
      etiology of this condition.

PMID- 18141980
TI  - The treatment of maxillofacial fractures.

PMID- 18141981
TI  - The treatment of bursitis and peritendonitis calcarea of the shoulder joint by
      roentgen therapy.

PMID- 18141983
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141984
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141982
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141985
TI  - [Hemoglobin level in workers].

PMID- 18141986
TI  - [Masking action of penicillin].

PMID- 18141987
TI  - [Prostatectomia retropubica, Millin's method].

PMID- 18141988
TI  - [On subphrenic diverticula and lowest part of oesophagus].

PMID- 18141989
TI  - [Enterobiosis in Poland].

PMID- 18141990
TI  - Typhoid and the paratyphoids; a review.

PMID- 18141991
TI  - A survey of recent developments in blood transfusion.

PMID- 18141992
TI  - Hind-quarter amputation.

PMID- 18141993
TI  - False localizing signs in cerebral tumours.

PMID- 18141994
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141995
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141996
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141997
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141998
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18141999
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142000
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142001
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142002
TI  - [A new drug for Parkinson's syndromes symptoms, hydrochloride of [(diethylamino
      2'-methyl-2 ') - ethyl]' N-dibenzoparathiazine.].

PMID- 18142003
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142004
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142005
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142006
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142007
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142008
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142009
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142010
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142011
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142012
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142013
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142014
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142015
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142016
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142017
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142018
TI  - Tradition, idealism, realism.

PMID- 18142019
TI  - The effect of ascorbic acid on capillary fragility.

PMID- 18142020
TI  - Studies in the laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis; a study of the agglutination
      and brucellergen tests for brucellosis in an asymptomatic population group.

PMID- 18142021
TI  - Work at high altitude; the relation between daily oral intake and excretion of
      thiamin and riboflavin.

PMID- 18142022
TI  - Work at high altitude; the effect of diet and other factors on the rise of lactic
      and pyruvic acids, and the lactate-pyruvate ratio in human subjects at simulated
      high altitudes.

PMID- 18142023
TI  - The coronary flow in simulated emotional excitement.

PMID- 18142024
TI  - Causalgia.

PMID- 18142025
TI  - Some practical aspects of a Veterans Administration residency training program.

PMID- 18142026
TI  - Chemical sociology.

PMID- 18142027
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142028
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142029
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142030
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142031
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142032
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142033
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142034
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142035
TI  - Small voluntary flicking and following eye movements.

PMID- 18142036
TI  - Shock phenomena and thrombin inactivation.

PMID- 18142037
TI  - Short-period variations in the ionosphere.

PMID- 18142038
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142039
TI  - A review of the treatment of peripheral arteriosclerotic disease.

PMID- 18142040
TI  - Acute hemolytic anemia during pregnancy; a case report.

PMID- 18142041
TI  - Methyl salicylate poisoning; report of a case.

PMID- 18142042
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142043
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142044
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142045
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142046
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142047
TI  - Prevention and treatment of Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

PMID- 18142048
TI  - The psychology of the poor reader.

PMID- 18142049
TI  - MATERNAL deaths in Montana, 1940 through 1945.

PMID- 18142051
TI  - The treatment of large omphalocoeles.

PMID- 18142050
TI  - Incidence of homologous serum jaundice in recipients of blood products from the
      Belle Bonfils Memorial Blood Bank.

PMID- 18142052
TI  - Clinical otosclerosis; the transtympanic approach for the restoration of
      serviceable hearing.

PMID- 18142053
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142054
TI  - What is homoeopathy?

PMID- 18142055
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142056
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142057
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142058
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142059
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142060
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142061
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142063
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142062
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142064
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142065
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142066
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142067
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142068
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142069
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142070
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142071
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142072
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142073
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142074
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142076
TI  - [Sleep and its therapeutic role according to Pavlov's theory of protective
      inhibition].

PMID- 18142075
TI  - [Medical science and public health practice].

PMID- 18142077
TI  - [Cardiovascular neurosis].

PMID- 18142078
TI  - [Treatment of eclampsia].

PMID- 18142079
TI  - [Metabolism following puerperal sepsis].

PMID- 18142080
TI  - [Use of gramicidin in obstetrics and gynecology].

PMID- 18142081
TI  - [Sarcoma of the uterus].

PMID- 18142082
TI  - [Functional treatment of contractures following injury].

PMID- 18142083
TI  - [Osteomyelitis of the femur simulating sarcoma].

PMID- 18142084
TI  - [Use of penicillin in pediatrics].

PMID- 18142085
TI  - [Blood transfusion in pediatrics].

PMID- 18142086
TI  - [Application of citral in glaucoma].

PMID- 18142087
TI  - [Effect of onion and garlic phytoncides on suppurative conjunctivitis in
      children].

PMID- 18142088
TI  - [Comparative effect of camphor-sollib and camphor-oil].

PMID- 18142089
TI  - [Medical aid to industrial female workers].

PMID- 18142090
TI  - [Medical service to school children in a children's hospital].

PMID- 18142091
TI  - [Therapeutic physical culture in a children's hospital].

PMID- 18142092
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142093
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142094
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142095
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142096
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142097
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142098
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142099
TI  - Psychosomatic syndromes; errors in diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 18142100
TI  - Office procedure in psychotherapy.

PMID- 18142101
TI  - Relationship of psychiatry to obstetrics.

PMID- 18142102
TI  - Present situation in the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18142103
TI  - Bleeding peptic ulcers; report of 368 cases.

PMID- 18142105
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142104
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142106
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142107
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142108
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142109
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142110
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142111
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142112
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142113
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142114
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142115
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142116
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142117
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142118
TI  - Radical excision of the inguinal and iliac lymph glands.

PMID- 18142119
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142120
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142121
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142122
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142123
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142124
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142125
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142126
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142127
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142128
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142129
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142130
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142131
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142132
TI  - Comparisons of the naval, military, R.A.F. and civil medical services with
      private practice.

PMID- 18142133
TI  - The Royal Naval Blood Transfusion service, 1939-45.

PMID- 18142134
TI  - The surgical thoracic unit at R. N. Hospital, Chatham.

PMID- 18142135
TI  - Blindness following upon haematemesis.

PMID- 18142136
TI  - A new relaxing agent.

PMID- 18142137
TI  - Thrombosis of the posterior inferior artery.

PMID- 18142138
TI  - Acute epididymitis following treatment of acute gonorrheal urethritis.

PMID- 18142139
TI  - Suggestions on therapeutic urology.

PMID- 18142140
TI  - Amputations.

PMID- 18142141
TI  - Congenital heart disease.

PMID- 18142143
TI  - Relationship of dentistry and medicine.

PMID- 18142142
TI  - Carbon monoxide unlimited.

PMID- 18142144
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142145
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142146
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142147
TI  - Intermittent claudication; a clinical study.

PMID- 18142148
TI  - The fate of voluntary muscle after vascular injury in man.

PMID- 18142149
TI  - Solitary plasmocytoma of the spine.

PMID- 18142150
TI  - Atlanto-axial fracture-dislocation.

PMID- 18142152
TI  - The painful shoulder; review of 100 personal cases with remarks on the pathology.

PMID- 18142151
TI  - Surgical aspects of the treatment of traumatic paraplegia.

PMID- 18142153
TI  - The painful shoulder; significance of radiographic changes in the upper end of
      the humerus.

PMID- 18142154
TI  - Early assessment of supraspinatus tears; procaine infiltration as a guide to
      treatment.

PMID- 18142155
TI  - Shoulder pain with particular reference to the frozen shoulder.

PMID- 18142156
TI  - Painful shoulder; calcification of the supraspinatus tendon.

PMID- 18142158
TI  - The strength and elasticity of bone in rats on a rachitogenic diet.

PMID- 18142157
TI  - Vitamin E therapy in Dupuytren's contracture; examination of the claim that
      vitamin therapy is successful.

PMID- 18142159
TI  - Innervation of the limbs.

PMID- 18142160
TI  - The cosmological aspect of Freud's theory of instincts.

PMID- 18142161
TI  - Freud's scientific beginnings.

PMID- 18142162
TI  - Did Freud really advocate a hands-off policy toward artistic creativity?

PMID- 18142163
TI  - A biographical comment on Freud's dual instinct theory.

PMID- 18142164
TI  - Chronic pachymeningitis; report of a case and review of the literature.

PMID- 18142165
TI  - Brain wave patterns during hypnosis, hypnotic sleep and normal sleep.

PMID- 18142166
TI  - Peripheral nerve and root disturbances following vaccination against smallpox;
      study of five cases, review of the literature and discussion of related entities.

PMID- 18142167
TI  - Multiple metastatic abscesses of the brain.

PMID- 18142168
TI  - Technic of cortical excision; an experimental study of postoperative
      cicatrization.

PMID- 18142170
TI  - Applications and limitations of electroencephalography in a general hospital.

PMID- 18142169
TI  - Late changes in the brain stem following trigeminal tractotomy.

PMID- 18142171
TI  - Brain wave frequencies and brain chemistry.

PMID- 18142172
TI  - Clinical application of automatic analysis of the electroencephalogram.

PMID- 18142173
TI  - Membranous obstruction of aqueduct of Sylvius producing syndrome of midline
      cerebellar tumor.

PMID- 18142174
TI  - Aneurysm of the internal carotid artery with normal arteriogram; report of two
      cases.

PMID- 18142175
TI  - Irritating effect of iodized vegetable oils on the brain and spinal cord.

PMID- 18142176
TI  - The effect of certain lesions of the brain on electroencephalographic wave
      patterns; a preliminary study.

PMID- 18142177
TI  - Analysis of electroencephalographic findings in 40 cases of verified brain tumor;
      electroencephalographic findings in metastatic tumors of the brain.

PMID- 18142178
TI  - The electroencephalographic findings in subdural hemorrhage and hematoma; review
      of the literature and report of 13 cases.

PMID- 18142179
TI  - Bulbar syndrome following non-diptheritic throat infections; report of two cases,
      one with albumino-cytologic dissociation.

PMID- 18142180
TI  - Posttraumatic epilepsy; report of a case with a 24 year interval between injury
      and the onset of seizures.

PMID- 18142181
TI  - The results of a clinical study of war-damaged children who attended the Child
      Guidance Clinic, the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London.

PMID- 18142182
TI  - A psychiatric in-patient department for children.

PMID- 18142183
TI  - Abnormal behaviour and mental breakdown in adolescence.

PMID- 18142184
TI  - Electronarcosis in the treatment of schizophrenia.

PMID- 18142185
TI  - Convulsive treatment in 56 tuberculous mental patients.

PMID- 18142186
TI  - Some observations on leucotomy and investigations by pneumoencephalography.

PMID- 18142187
TI  - Auditory, olfactory-gustatory and thermic Rorschach responses.

PMID- 18142188
TI  - Legislation and mental health in Northern Ireland.

PMID- 18142189
TI  - The differential leucocyte count in mongols.

PMID- 18142190
TI  - Re-testing of the intelligence quotient and the social age.

PMID- 18142191
TI  - Comparison of the intelligence quotient with behaviour.

PMID- 18142192
TI  - Porencephaly and cerebral abscess simulating internal hydrocephalus.

PMID- 18142193
TI  - [Localisation of phasia].

PMID- 18142194
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142195
TI  - The mandibulofacial dysostosis; a new hereditary syndrome.

PMID- 18142196
TI  - Oculomotor pareses and nonparetic diplopia in pituitary adenomata.

PMID- 18142197
TI  - A simple apparatus for measuring level differences in the eye ground.

PMID- 18142198
TI  - The exchange of phosphate between the blood and the eye, studied with the aid of
      radioautographs.

PMID- 18142199
TI  - Cornea plana.

PMID- 18142200
TI  - Spectrophotometric investigations on the fluorescence of the ocular lens with
      changed metabolism in rats with galactose.

PMID- 18142201
TI  - The present status of the trichromatic theory.

PMID- 18142202
TI  - The laminar pattern of the lateral geniculate nucleus considered in relation to
      colour vision.

PMID- 18142203
TI  - The analysis of retinal elements by the micro-electrode technique.

PMID- 18142204
TI  - The photochemistry of vision.

PMID- 18142205
TI  - Colour vision in the central fovea.

PMID- 18142206
TI  - Colour discrimination and the influence of colour contrast on acuity.

PMID- 18142207
TI  - Colour recognition of very small light sources.

PMID- 18142208
TI  - Brightness, visual acuity and colour blindness.

PMID- 18142209
TI  - Some aspects of anomalous vision.

PMID- 18142210
TI  - Chromatic aberration of the eye.

PMID- 18142211
TI  - Plastic surgery of the nose; planning the reconstruction.

PMID- 18142212
TI  - Standardization in nasal plastic surgery; diagnostic methods determining end
      results.

PMID- 18142213
TI  - Lesions of the tongue.

PMID- 18142214
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142215
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142216
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142217
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142218
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142219
TI  - The correlation between the clinical appearance of the skin and the skin lipid
      secretion in middle-aged and old individuals.

PMID- 18142220
TI  - Chronaxie studies in thiamine deficient old individuals.

PMID- 18142221
TI  - Distinctive features of coronary disease in the aged.

PMID- 18142222
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142223
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142224
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142225
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142226
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142227
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142228
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142229
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142230
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142232
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142231
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142233
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142234
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142235
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142236
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142237
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142238
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142239
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142240
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142241
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142242
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142243
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142244
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142245
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142246
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142247
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142248
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142249
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142250
TI  - Mass in buttocks.

PMID- 18142252
TI  - Swollen glands.

PMID- 18142251
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the scapula.

PMID- 18142253
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142254
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142255
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142256
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142257
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142258
TI  - NEOMYCIN, a new antibiotic.

PMID- 18142259
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142260
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142261
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142262
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142263
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142264
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142265
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142266
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142267
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142268
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142269
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142270
TI  - The problem of heart diseases.

PMID- 18142271
TI  - Pharmacy in Finland.

PMID- 18142272
TI  - Summary of antimalarial drugs.

PMID- 18142273
TI  - The capping of bottles.

PMID- 18142274
TI  - Notes on sodium sulphacetamide eye drops.

PMID- 18142275
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142276
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142277
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142278
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142279
TI  - Ascorbic acid synthesis in rats on various diets.

PMID- 18142280
TI  - The effect of illumination upon the sensitivity of isolated retinal elements to
      polarization.

PMID- 18142281
TI  - Further observations on environmental factors influencing the temperature
      sensitivity of mammalian nerve fibres; effects of Ca++ and other agents.

PMID- 18142282
TI  - On the effect of K+ and Ca++ on thermal stimulation and spontaneous activity of
      mammalian nerve fibres.

PMID- 18142283
TI  - The effect of salyrgen on the osmotic pressure of the blood.

PMID- 18142284
TI  - The action of salyrgan on skin permeability; salyrgan as a spreading factor.

PMID- 18142285
TI  - Some observations concerning the pathophysiological effects on the human skin
      caused by the stinging jellyfish (Cyanea capillata).

PMID- 18142286
TI  - Citric acid in calcareous depositions and similar formations in non-vertebrates.

PMID- 18142287
TI  - Influence of two different fats on reproduction capacity of vitamin E deficient
      rats.

PMID- 18142288
TI  - Permeability of the amphibian skin; effect of moulting of the skin of anurans on
      the permeability to water and electrolytes.

PMID- 18142289
TI  - The response of the frog's taste fibres to the application of pure water.

PMID- 18142290
TI  - The influence of skin temperature on the number of reacting cold spots.

PMID- 18142291
TI  - A method for the determination of blood pressure in intact dogs.

PMID- 18142292
TI  - Pharmacological properties of some new N-substituted barbituric acid derivatives.

PMID- 18142293
TI  - Serum protein concentration and relative albumin percentage in normal
      individuals.

PMID- 18142294
TI  - A note on an inhibitory reflex from the nose on the rabbit.

PMID- 18142295
TI  - Antihistamine and respiration.

PMID- 18142296
TI  - Professional considerations in organized research.

PMID- 18142297
TI  - The genetics controversy and the psychological sciences in the USSR.

PMID- 18142298
TI  - Direct influence of a person upon the behavior of animals.

PMID- 18142300
TI  - Emotionality and perceptual defense.

PMID- 18142299
TI  - A clairvoyance game experiment.

PMID- 18142301
TI  - Hull's derivation of stimulus asynchronism; a correction.

PMID- 18142302
TI  - A fundamental principle of personality measurement.

PMID- 18142303
TI  - An interpretation of the effects of combinations of stimuli, patterns, based on
      current neurophysiology.

PMID- 18142304
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142305
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142306
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142307
TI  - The training of home helps.

PMID- 18142308
TI  - The hygiene of catering establishments.

PMID- 18142309
TI  - Desensitization of aircraft.

PMID- 18142310
TI  - The Schick reaction of London children, 1936-1948; annual and seasonal variation.

PMID- 18142311
TI  - The virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis as a cause of benign aseptic
      meningitis; laboratory diagnosis of five cases.

PMID- 18142312
TI  - Roaches; how to identify and principles of control.

PMID- 18142313
TI  - Studies of human body lice, Pediculus humanus corporis; a method for feeding lice
      through a membrane and experimental infection with Rickettsia prowazeki, R.
      mooseri, and Borrelia novyi.

PMID- 18142314
TI  - Health is everybody's business.

PMID- 18142315
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142316
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142317
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142319
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142318
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142321
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142320
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142322
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142323
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142324
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142325
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142326
TI  - Congenital abnormalities and their radiographic demonstration.

PMID- 18142327
TI  - Radiography in a sanatorium.

PMID- 18142328
TI  - Orthoroentgenography as applied to the lower extremities of children.

PMID- 18142329
TI  - Non-specific suppurative pneumonia.

PMID- 18142330
TI  - Haemolytic anaemia complicating virus pneumonia.

PMID- 18142331
TI  - Spontaneous pneumothorax complicating artificial pneumoperitoneum.

PMID- 18142332
TI  - The radiology of primary atypical pneumonia.

PMID- 18142333
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142334
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142335
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142336
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142337
TI  - Renal and ureteral fistula of the visceral and cutaneous types; a report of four
      cases.

PMID- 18142338
TI  - Urethral calculi.

PMID- 18142339
TI  - The effect of testosterone administration on the acid phosphatase concentration
      of the prostatic exprimate in old men.

PMID- 18142340
TI  - The birth of a Ngoni child.

PMID- 18142341
TI  - Coordinates as a clue to the morphology of human profiles.

PMID- 18142346
TI  - The action of cationic detergents on bacteria and bacterial enzymes.

PMID- 18142358
TI  - The effects of atmospheric pressure and composition on the flight of Drosophila.

PMID- 18142359
TI  - Action of acetylcholine, carbaminoyl-choline and acetyl-B-methyl-choline on the
      heart of a cladoceran.

PMID- 18142360
TI  - A cytotoxin from Blepharisma.

PMID- 18142361
TI  - Studies on marine bryozoa; Nolella blakei n. sp.

PMID- 18142362
TI  - X-radiation of eggs of Rana pipiens at various maturation stages.

PMID- 18142363
TI  - Statistical and physiological studies on the interphasic growth of the nucleus.

PMID- 18142364
TI  - Hopkinsiaxanthin, a xanthophyll of the sea slug Hopkinsia rosacea.

PMID- 18142365
TI  - The growth of hypophysectomized female rats following chronic treatment with pure
      pituitary growth hormone; general growth and organ changes.

PMID- 18142366
TI  - The growth of hypophysectomized female rats following chronic treatment with pure
      pituitary growth hormone; some chemical components of the musculature, liver and
      blood plasma.

PMID- 18142367
TI  - The growth of hypophysectomized female rats following chronic treatment with pure
      pituitary growth hormone; skeletal changes; tibia, metacarpal, costochondral
      junction and caudal vertebrae.

PMID- 18142368
TI  - The growth of hypophysectomized female rats following chronic treatment with pure
      pituitary growth hormone; skeletal changes; differences in response from that of
      intact rats.

PMID- 18142369
TI  - The growth of hypophysectomized female rats following chronic treatment with pure
      pituitary growth hormone; skeletal changes; skull and dentition.

PMID- 18142370
TI  - Skeletal growth in Ancon sheep.

PMID- 18142371
TI  - Morphological study on the skeleton of Ancon sheep.

PMID- 18142372
TI  - Crippling in chondrodystrophic (Ancon) sheep.

PMID- 18142373
TI  - A further study of indicator patterns in ciliate protozoa.

PMID- 18142374
TI  - The effect of ethynyl testosterone on the intact and regenerating anal fins of
      normal and castrated females and normal males of Lebistes reticulatus.

PMID- 18142376
TI  - Growth of Astasia longa in relation to hydrogen ion concentration.

PMID- 18142375
TI  - The influence of near infrared radiation on the production by nitrogen mustard of
      chromosome rearrangements in Drosophila.

PMID- 18142377
TI  - Segment frequencies in anterior regeneration in the earthworm, Eisenia foetida.

PMID- 18142378
TI  - Proliferation, differentiation and degeneration in the spinal ganglia of the
      chick embryo under normal and experimental conditions.

PMID- 18142379
TI  - Working models for anatomy and physiology.

PMID- 18142380
TI  - Heart disease in the school-age child.

PMID- 18142381
TI  - Pyrogens in the treatment of malignant hypertension.

PMID- 18142382
TI  - A note on the two-factor theory with rectification as applied to alternating
      current stimulation.

PMID- 18142383
TI  - Mathematical biology of social behavior.

PMID- 18142384
TI  - Input-output problems in simple nerve-ganglion systems.

PMID- 18142385
TI  - Outline of a probabilistic approach to animal sociology.

PMID- 18142386
TI  - Contribution to the linkage theory of autopolyploids.

PMID- 18142387
TI  - Measuring the obstetric value of the pelvis; the use of graph method for the
      interpretation of radiological findings.

PMID- 18142388
TI  - The obstetric capacity of the undilated cervix.

PMID- 18142389
TI  - Combined fulltime intra- and extra-uterine pregnancy with survival of mother and
      both children.

PMID- 18142390
TI  - A false vagina formed by coitus.

PMID- 18142391
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142393
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142392
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142394
TI  - Visual sensitivities to combined chromaticity and luminance differences.

PMID- 18142395
TI  - The colors of natural objects and terrains, and their relation to visual color
      deficiency.

PMID- 18142396
TI  - The intrinsic efficiency of the cathodoluminescence process.

PMID- 18142397
TI  - Shielding from nuclear radiations.

PMID- 18142398
TI  - USERS of isotopes.

PMID- 18142399
TI  - Thermal neutron cross sections and related data.

PMID- 18142400
TI  - Low-rate alpha scintillation counter.

PMID- 18142401
TI  - Retention of radon by the mouse; method of estimating biodecay from experimental
      data.

PMID- 18142402
TI  - Discussion of Instrumentation for a nuclear reactor.

PMID- 18142403
TI  - The rationale of tooth extraction in orthodontic therapy.

PMID- 18142404
TI  - Reflections by a Canadian teacher on America's contribution to orthodontics.

PMID- 18142405
TI  - Linear arch dimension and tooth size; an evaluation of the bone and dental
      structures in cases involving the possible reduction of dental units in
      treatment.

PMID- 18142406
TI  - A simple, efficient headgear of vinyl plastic belting.

PMID- 18142407
TI  - Caries control; its influence and effects on malocclusion.

PMID- 18142408
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142409
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142410
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142411
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142412
TI  - Research on the enamel grooves and their role in the pathogenesis of dental
      caries.

PMID- 18142413
TI  - The value of supplementary roentgenographic examinations in routine dental office
      practice.

PMID- 18142414
TI  - The biochemistry and metabolism of dentin and enamel.

PMID- 18142415
TI  - Penicillin; a valuable adjunct to oral surgery; report of two cases.

PMID- 18142416
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142417
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142418
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142419
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142420
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142421
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142422
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142423
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142424
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142425
TI  - Studies of the relationship of the thyrotropic, exophthalmic and fat-mobilizing
      principles of pituitary extract; the effect of various dosages of pituitary
      extract upon the production of exophthalmos and the mobilization of fat in intact
      and thyroidectomized guinea pigs.

PMID- 18142426
TI  - Studies of the relationship of the thyrotropic, exophthalmic and fat-mobilizing
      principles of pituitary extract; the effect of iodination of pituitary extract
      upon these three principles.

PMID- 18142427
TI  - Studies of the relationship of the thyrotropic exophthalmic and fat-mobilizing
      principles of pituitary extract; the effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone and
      desoxycorticosterone acetate upon exophthalmos and fat mobilization in guinea
      pigs.

PMID- 18142428
TI  - The direct estimation of the rate of thyroid hormone formation in man; the effect
      of the iodide ion on thyroid iodine utilization.

PMID- 18142429
TI  - The antithyroxine activity of thyroxine analogs.

PMID- 18142430
TI  - Confessions of an elderly thyroidologist.

PMID- 18142431
TI  - Mediastinal emphysema and pneumothorax following thyroidectomy; report of two
      cases.

PMID- 18142432
TI  - Surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 18142433
TI  - Incidence of carcinoma of the thyroid in nodular goiter.

PMID- 18142434
TI  - What thyroid nodules are to be feared?

PMID- 18142435
TI  - When is malignant goiter malignant?

PMID- 18142436
TI  - Lymphosarcoma of the thyroid.

PMID- 18142437
TI  - Treatment of postoperative hyperthyroidism with antithyroid drugs.

PMID- 18142438
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142439
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142440
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142441
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142442
TI  - Atomic structure and energy.

PMID- 18142443
TI  - Human infancy and the ontogenesis of behavior.

PMID- 18142444
TI  - Life, thermodynamics, and cybernetics.

PMID- 18142445
TI  - Slurvian self-taught.

PMID- 18142446
TI  - Filter paper partition chromatography applied to an investigation into human
      tooth decay.

PMID- 18142447
TI  - An attempt to forecast changes in insect populations.

PMID- 18142449
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142448
TI  - The living cell in division.

PMID- 18142450
TI  - WORLD food and world population.

PMID- 18142451
TI  - IMPACT of science of society.

PMID- 18142452
TI  - Conversion of mannitol and sorbitol into dulcitol.

PMID- 18142453
TI  - EDUCATING men of science.

PMID- 18142454
TI  - Interconversion of dianhydro hexitols and of saccharic acids.

PMID- 18142455
TI  - Application of halogeno-ketones to the synthesis of pteridines, including pteroic
      acid.

PMID- 18142456
TI  - Hiptagenic acid identified as beta-nitropropionic acid.

PMID- 18142457
TI  - A new method of peptide synthesis.

PMID- 18142458
TI  - Pyrophosphatase activity of brain tissue.

PMID- 18142459
TI  - Continuous recording of sensory thresholds and other psycho-physical variables.

PMID- 18142460
TI  - Discontinuous flow phenomena in gelatine gels.

PMID- 18142461
TI  - Life-time for pair emission by spherically symmetrical excited state of the O16
      nucleus.

PMID- 18142462
TI  - Subsurface crypts, oogenesis, and the corpus luteum in the ovaries of seals.

PMID- 18142463
TI  - Magnetic storms and cosmic-ray intensity.

PMID- 18142464
TI  - Thermal conductivity of powders.

PMID- 18142465
TI  - CHEMISTRY and the food supply.

PMID- 18142466
TI  - Absorption of metallic cobalt-60 from a subcutaneous site.

PMID- 18142467
TI  - Long-term adaptation and non-Mendelian inheritance in yeast.

PMID- 18142468
TI  - Growth and sinus glands in a crab.

PMID- 18142469
TI  - Modification of the ectoderm in Sphenodon.

PMID- 18142470
TI  - Natural epizootics of Polystoma integerrimum in tadpoles.

PMID- 18142471
TI  - Mechanism of propionic acid formation in bacterial fermentation.

PMID- 18142472
TI  - Crystalline derivatives of the polymyxins and the identification of the fatty
      acid component.

PMID- 18142473
TI  - Formation and distribution of vitamin C in the radical and cotyledon of the broad
      bean (Vicia faba).

PMID- 18142474
TI  - Concentration and distribution of polysaccharides in human cortical bone and the
      dentine of teeth.

PMID- 18142475
TI  - Enzymic inactivation of serum gonadotrophin.

PMID- 18142479
TI  - Influence of thyrotoxicosis on menstruation.

PMID- 18142480
TI  - Tubular reabsorption of chlorides in eclampsia.

PMID- 18142481
TI  - New considerations in histologic examinations of the endometrium in connection
      with sterility.

PMID- 18142482
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142483
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142484
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142485
TI  - A case of transplacental metastasis of malignant melanoma from mother to foetus.

PMID- 18142486
TI  - The maternal circulation in normal pregnancy.

PMID- 18142487
TI  - The cardiac output in normal pregnancy; as determined by the Cournand right
      catheterization technique.

PMID- 18142488
TI  - Symphysiotomy and pubiotomy; an apologia based on the study of 41 cases.

PMID- 18142489
TI  - Endometriosis and intussusception of the appendix.

PMID- 18142490
TI  - Pregnancy and coarctation of the aorta.

PMID- 18142491
TI  - Pathological changes in blighted twins.

PMID- 18142492
TI  - Oestrogenic therapy with prolonged action; report on water suspensions of
      oestradiol monobenzoate.

PMID- 18142493
TI  - Anaesthesia in caesarean section with special reference to the use of d
      tubocurarine chloride.

PMID- 18142494
TI  - Postabortal infection with clostridium welchii; report of two cases with special
      reference to oliguria and to penicillin treatment.

PMID- 18142495
TI  - The treatment of functional bleeding in the last decade of reproductive life.

PMID- 18142496
TI  - Primary brow presentation.

PMID- 18142497
TI  - Invasive hydatidiform mole.

PMID- 18142498
TI  - Gynaecological aspects of regional ileitis.

PMID- 18142499
TI  - A case of tuberculous cervicitis and endometriosis.

PMID- 18142500
TI  - An unusual case of ruptured uterus.

PMID- 18142501
TI  - New tools for the physiologic study of hypertension in the toxemia of pregnancy.

PMID- 18142502
TI  - Cervical mucus; cyclic variations and their clinical significance.

PMID- 18142503
TI  - [Birth trauma; hypertensive mediastinal emphysema].

PMID- 18142504
TI  - [Implantation of the ureters into the rectum sigmoid].

PMID- 18142505
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142506
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142507
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142508
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142509
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142510
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142511
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142512
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142513
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142514
TI  - Medical problems of the oil industry in the tropics.

PMID- 18142515
TI  - The present tuberculosis program of the holding company.

PMID- 18142516
TI  - The treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18142517
TI  - Constructive medicine in remote areas.

PMID- 18142518
TI  - Marketing medical service; its limitations in constructive medicine.

PMID- 18142519
TI  - The mobile examining unit.

PMID- 18142520
TI  - Applicability of techniques of military malaria control to industrial
      developments and rural populations.

PMID- 18142521
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142522
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142523
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142524
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142525
TI  - The development of sporozoites of Plasmodium gallinaceum into cryptozoites in
      tissue culture.

PMID- 18142526
TI  - Malaria observation stations of the Public Health Service.

PMID- 18142527
TI  - Observations on dispersal of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say from a breeding area.

PMID- 18142528
TI  - Parasites found in certain Sciuridae of the southwestern United States.

PMID- 18142529
TI  - Investigations on the mosquito transmission of Plasmodium elongatum Huff, 1930.

PMID- 18142530
TI  - Parasites resembling Plasmodium ovale in strains of Plasmodium vivax.

PMID- 18142531
TI  - A winter study of Anopheles mosquitoes in southwestern Georgia, with notes on
      some culicine species.

PMID- 18142532
TI  - Observations on ovarian development and fat accumulation in Anopheles
      quadrimaculatus and Anopheles punctipennis.

PMID- 18142533
TI  - A second year's field trial with chloroquine suppression of high endemic malaria
      in a Panamanian village.

PMID- 18142534
TI  - A simple formula for clinical interpretation of the QT interval.

PMID- 18142535
TI  - Cyclic agranulocytosis.

PMID- 18142536
TI  - The renal excretion of inorganic phosphate in man and dog.

PMID- 18142537
TI  - Studies of the blood in prolonged transfusion and blood-letting experiments on
      rabbits.

PMID- 18142538
TI  - Unusual cases of diabetes mellitus (undulating diabetes).

PMID- 18142539
TI  - Experiences with streptomycin.

PMID- 18142540
TI  - Occurrence and prognostic significance of gallop rhythm.

PMID- 18142541
TI  - On autoagglutinins active at body temperature.

PMID- 18142542
TI  - Airborne infections; a report on the methods.

PMID- 18142543
TI  - Respiration and blood-coagulation.

PMID- 18142544
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142545
TI  - The management of allergic eczema.

PMID- 18142546
TI  - Clinical physiology of protein deficiency.

PMID- 18142547
TI  - Clinical observations on the hypotensive effect of certain dihydrogenated
      alkaloids of ergot in human beings.

PMID- 18142548
TI  - Chronic sigmoid volvulus.

PMID- 18142549
TI  - Is there a specialized muscular conduction system in the mammalian heart?

PMID- 18142551
TI  - Multiple myeloma.

PMID- 18142550
TI  - Degenerative arthritis.

PMID- 18142552
TI  - Nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 18142553
TI  - Diabetes.

PMID- 18142554
TI  - Laboratory diagnosis in clinical medicine.

PMID- 18142555
TI  - Cardiac failure or circulatory failure.

PMID- 18142556
TI  - Mechanism and diagnosis of bronchial asthma.

PMID- 18142557
TI  - The median nerve test in leprosy.

PMID- 18142558
TI  - Practical points in poisons.

PMID- 18142559
TI  - A case of bronchitis.

PMID- 18142560
TI  - A case of quinine idiosyncrasy.

PMID- 18142561
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142562
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142563
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142564
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142565
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142566
TI  - An administrator considers the trustee and his job.

PMID- 18142567
TI  - Total health in an industrial medical service.

PMID- 18142568
TI  - Results of dust survey in Alberta coal mines.

PMID- 18142569
TI  - Blood groups of the Filipinos.

PMID- 18142570
TI  - The electrocardiogram in hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 18142571
TI  - On the humoral regulation of the normoerythropoiesis.

PMID- 18142572
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142573
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142574
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142575
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142576
TI  - The systemic effects of untreated bowel obstruction.

PMID- 18142577
TI  - Diagnosis in congenital heart disease.

PMID- 18142578
TI  - The surgical repair of a heart laceration.

PMID- 18142579
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142580
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142581
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142582
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142583
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142584
TI  - Fat metabolism and the sprue syndrome.

PMID- 18142585
TI  - The treatment of malignant tertian malaria.

PMID- 18142586
TI  - Some observations on pulmonary tuberculosis in the Nigerian African.

PMID- 18142587
TI  - Myoidema.

PMID- 18142588
TI  - Clinical trials of succinates and of heparin in rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18142590
TI  - Fatal bronchospasmodic crisis complicating miliary tuberculosis of lungs.

PMID- 18142589
TI  - Subacute poisoning by thallium treated with BAL.

PMID- 18142592
TI  - On becoming a good doctor.

PMID- 18142591
TI  - Spontaneous disappearance of apparently secondary growths in liver.

PMID- 18142593
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142594
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142595
TI  - Female infertility investigation.

PMID- 18142596
TI  - The laboratory management of thromboembolic disease.

PMID- 18142597
TI  - Acid phosphatase reaction during the regenerative cycle of motor neurons in cats
      and domestic fowl after interruption of the sciatic nerve.

PMID- 18142598
TI  - Wilm's tumor; report of a case in a 12 year old boy.

PMID- 18142599
TI  - Granulomatous pulmonary vasculitis in association with bronchiolitis fibrosa
      obliterans; report of three cases.

PMID- 18142600
TI  - Stimulation and blocking of autonomic ganglionic receptors by piperidines and the
      antagonism between anticholinesterases and ganglionic blocking agents.

PMID- 18142601
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142602
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142603
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142604
TI  - [Pancoast-Tobias syndrome].

PMID- 18142605
TI  - [Case of healed shot-wound in heart].

PMID- 18142606
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142607
TI  - [Tamponade of the heart].

PMID- 18142608
TI  - [Orthostatic and clinostatic curves in tuberculous patient].

PMID- 18142609
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142610
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142611
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142612
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142613
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142614
TI  - Quantitative observations on vascular reactions in human digits in response to
      local cooling.

PMID- 18142615
TI  - The impairment of sensation in burns and its clinical application as a test of
      the depth of skin loss.

PMID- 18142616
TI  - Heparin tolerance in rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18142617
TI  - The role of gastric acidity in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18142618
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142619
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142621
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142620
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142623
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142624
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142622
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142625
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142626
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142627
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142628
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142629
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142631
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142630
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142632
TI  - ATOMIC energy in clinical medicine.

PMID- 18142633
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142634
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142635
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142636
TI  - Functional uterine haemorrhage; a critical review of the literature since 1938.

PMID- 18142637
TI  - Prognosis in pleural effusion; a follow-up of 48 cases.

PMID- 18142638
TI  - The treatment of Dupuytren's contracture with vitamin E; report of a case.

PMID- 18142639
TI  - Traumatic diabetes insipidus; report of a case with spontaneous recovery.

PMID- 18142640
TI  - Changing indications for therapeutic abortion in pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18142643
TI  - A dean looks at medical education and practice.

PMID- 18142641
TI  - Coronary thrombosis in the Territory of Hawaii.

PMID- 18142642
TI  - Secondary repair of harelip.

PMID- 18142644
TI  - Demonstration of organic disease in functional illness by skull X-rays.

PMID- 18142645
TI  - Significance of rectal bleeding and the importance of diagnosing early cancer of
      the colon.

PMID- 18142646
TI  - Fulminating eclampsia associated with fibrinogenopoenia and hemorrhage.

PMID- 18142647
TI  - Multiple cystic lymphangiomas of the omentum.

PMID- 18142648
TI  - Dermatology and syphilology in a modern medical program.

PMID- 18142649
TI  - The development of standards in dermatology.

PMID- 18142650
TI  - Results of classic operations for duodenal ulcer; 5 to 10 year follow-up in 532
      cases.

PMID- 18142651
TI  - The conservative treatment of premature separation of the normally implanted
      placenta; a study of 293 cases.

PMID- 18142652
TI  - Localizing cerebellar syndromes.

PMID- 18142654
TI  - Medical care aspects of public health and welfare in Japan.

PMID- 18142653
TI  - Prophylaxis of gonorrheal ophthalmia of the newborn; comparison of effectiveness
      of penicillin and silver nitrate.

PMID- 18142655
TI  - Urethral obstruction with oxidized cellulose following retropubic prostatectomy.

PMID- 18142656
TI  - Early ambulation of the low-fused back.

PMID- 18142657
TI  - Modern concepts in the prevention and treatment of puerperal infection.

PMID- 18142658
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of infertility.

PMID- 18142659
TI  - Industrial dermatitis in Florida.

PMID- 18142661
TI  - The cancer problem today.

PMID- 18142660
TI  - Diagnosis and early treatment of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18142662
TI  - Carcinoma of the lung; bronchial secretion studies in early diagnosis.

PMID- 18142663
TI  - Cytologic diagnosis of carcinoma.

PMID- 18142664
TI  - Surgical therapy for duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 18142665
TI  - The sulfonamides in dermatology.

PMID- 18142666
TI  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever; report of a case in Shelby County.

PMID- 18142667
TI  - The art and science of artificial infant feeding.

PMID- 18142668
TI  - Acute leukemia.

PMID- 18142669
TI  - Leukocyte and differential blood counts as a diagnostic aid in some common
      dermatologic problems.

PMID- 18142670
TI  - Osteomyelitis of a vertebral spinous process following lumbar puncture.

PMID- 18142671
TI  - Toxic reaction to aureomycin; report of a case.

PMID- 18142672
TI  - Cytologic methods for the diagnosis of cancer.

PMID- 18142673
TI  - Cholangiography through biliary fistulae; with report of two cases.

PMID- 18142674
TI  - Successful surgical treatment of chronic constrictive pericarditis.

PMID- 18142675
TI  - Clinical X-ray conference on lesions of the colon.

PMID- 18142676
TI  - Feeding problems in infancy including demand feeding.

PMID- 18142677
TI  - How do you know your patient is food sensitive?

PMID- 18142678
TI  - Nervous indigestion.

PMID- 18142679
TI  - A new treatment of varicose ulcer; report of eight cases.

PMID- 18142680
TI  - The evaluation of post-menopausal bleeding.

PMID- 18142681
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142682
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142685
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142683
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142684
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142686
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142687
TI  - [Role of the pylorus in the evacuation process of the stomach].

PMID- 18142688
TI  - [Prolonged sleeps in treatment of stomach ulcer].

PMID- 18142689
TI  - [Treatment of stomach ulcer with interrupted sleep].

PMID- 18142690
TI  - [Psychological changes in somatic diseases, treated by prolonged sleep].

PMID- 18142691
TI  - [Formation of cardiac conditioned reflexes in strophanthin injections].

PMID- 18142692
TI  - Acute mastitis.

PMID- 18142693
TI  - Some problems of emergency gastrectomy for haematemesis.

PMID- 18142694
TI  - Lead poisoning in an infant from lead nipple-shields; association with rickets.

PMID- 18142695
TI  - Lead poisoning by cutaneous absorption from lead dressings.

PMID- 18142696
TI  - Penicillin in the cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 18142697
TI  - Perforated peptic ulcer after gastro-enterostomy.

PMID- 18142698
TI  - Chloromycetin in enteric fever.

PMID- 18142700
TI  - [Progress of the ossification of the shoulder joint in a congenital dysplasia of
      the hip joint].

PMID- 18142699
TI  - [Plastic surgery and the trauma].

PMID- 18142701
TI  - [Influence of sensory irritation on the origin of the gastric ulcer].

PMID- 18142702
TI  - [Calcium in human body; relation to the caries of teeth].

PMID- 18142704
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142705
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142707
TI  - Atomic bombs over Washington.

PMID- 18142706
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142708
TI  - Some injuries of the knee joint.

PMID- 18142709
TI  - Tendon injuries.

PMID- 18142710
TI  - Surgery of the colon; preoperative and postoperative care.

PMID- 18142711
TI  - How the new ethics code affects you.

PMID- 18142712
TI  - Goin assesses compulsory insurance.

PMID- 18142713
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142714
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142715
TI  - The effect of hetero-specific pregnancy on the haemoglobin and red cell levels in
      the newborn infant.

PMID- 18142716
TI  - Chest diseases as seen in general practice.

PMID- 18142717
TI  - Surgery of the common bile duct.

PMID- 18142718
TI  - Lithium salts in the treatment of psychotic excitement.

PMID- 18142719
TI  - Pregnancy and internal carotid aneurysm.

PMID- 18142720
TI  - The artist, the doctor, and medical illustration.

PMID- 18142722
TI  - [Evidence and criteria used to judge the influence of therapeutic procedures in
      hepatocellular jaundice].

PMID- 18142721
TI  - Maternal nutrition and child health.

PMID- 18142723
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142724
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142726
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142727
TI  - Phagocytosis.

PMID- 18142728
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142729
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142730
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142731
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142732
TI  - An approach to the distinction of medical and surgical jaundice.

PMID- 18142733
TI  - Multiple myeloma; a review of 95 proven cases with 75 autopsies.

PMID- 18142734
TI  - Sarcoidosis; a clinical and laboratory study of 17 cases.

PMID- 18142735
TI  - Modern concepts of treatment in disorders of the lacrimal apparatus.

PMID- 18142736
TI  - The surgical management of intestinal obstruction.

PMID- 18142737
TI  - Insured for health.

PMID- 18142738
TI  - Thyroid adenomata in children; review of the literature and report of a case in a
      9 year old boy.

PMID- 18142739
TI  - Malaria with generalized petechiae; report of a case.

PMID- 18142740
TI  - Transverse colostomy versus cecostomy for acutely obstructing lesions in the left
      half of the colon.

PMID- 18142741
TI  - Periodic paralysis.

PMID- 18142742
TI  - Hirschsprung's disease; a new concept of the etiology; operative results in 34
      patients.

PMID- 18142743
TI  - Treatment of typhoid fever with chloromycetin; results in four cases and in a
      chronic carrier.

PMID- 18142746
TI  - Measures used in the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.

PMID- 18142744
TI  - Use of diethylstilbestrol to prevent fetal loss from complications of late
      pregnancy.

PMID- 18142747
TI  - Hemorrhagic pericarditis, subacute.

PMID- 18142745
TI  - Pitfalls of chemotherapy and antibiotics in surgery.

PMID- 18142748
TI  - The pharmacology of anticoagulant agents.

PMID- 18142749
TI  - Clinical aspects of rickettsialpox, Q. fever and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

PMID- 18142750
TI  - The laboratory diagnosis of rickettsial disease.

PMID- 18142751
TI  - Pathology of rickettsial diseases in man.

PMID- 18142752
TI  - Pre-excitation during hypoxemia test.

PMID- 18142753
TI  - A clinical investigation of tagathen (chlorothen citrate) (N,N-dimethyl-N1-(2
      pyridyl)-N1-(5-chloro-2 thenyl) ethylene diamine citrate) with a comparison of
      various antihistaminic agents.

PMID- 18142754
TI  - Hypertension of renal origin with report of three cases.

PMID- 18142755
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of salivary calculus.

PMID- 18142756
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142757
TI  - Some epidemiologic and public health aspects of typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted
      fevers.

PMID- 18142758
TI  - Winter asthma.

PMID- 18142759
TI  - Acute pulmonary tuberculosis; report of a case successfully treated by lobectomy
      and dihydrostreptomycin.

PMID- 18142760
TI  - Brucellosis with jaundice; report of a case.

PMID- 18142761
TI  - The treatment of inflammatory dermatoses with oral bismuth.

PMID- 18142762
TI  - Successes and failures following frontal lobotomy.

PMID- 18142763
TI  - Thalamotomy; neuropsychiatric aspects.

PMID- 18142764
TI  - Thalamotomy and mesencephalothalamotomy; neuro-surgical aspects, including
      treatment of pain.

PMID- 18142765
TI  - A comparison between various forms of psychosurgery.

PMID- 18142767
TI  - Extraperitoneal cesarean section; is there still a need for it?

PMID- 18142766
TI  - The placental stage and postpartum hemorrhage.

PMID- 18142768
TI  - Vaginal smear examination as a diagnostic aid in gynecology.

PMID- 18142769
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of granulosa cell tumors of the ovary with massive intra
      abdominal hemorrhage.

PMID- 18142770
TI  - Meckel's diverticulum; a 20-year survey and report of an unusual case.

PMID- 18142771
TI  - Antihistaminic therapy of allergic disorders in infants and children.

PMID- 18142772
TI  - Toxic nephrosis from organic mercurial diuretics.

PMID- 18142773
TI  - Gangrene of entire large bowel to distal sigmoid following volvulus of hepatic
      flexure.

PMID- 18142775
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142774
TI  - Postpartum hemorrhage necessitating immediate hysterectomy.

PMID- 18142776
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142777
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142779
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142778
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142781
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142780
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142782
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142783
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142784
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142785
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142786
TI  - Polycystic disease of the kidney.

PMID- 18142787
TI  - The bacteriology of industrially laundered baby diapers; a 3 year survey.

PMID- 18142788
TI  - Combined one-stage pharyngeal diverticulectomy.

PMID- 18142789
TI  - Experiences with retropubic prostatectomy; report of 25 cases.

PMID- 18142790
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142791
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142792
TI  - Tuberculous glands of the neck.

PMID- 18142793
TI  - A survey of recent developments in blood transfusion.

PMID- 18142794
TI  - The story of silk and silkworm gut.

PMID- 18142795
TI  - GENERAL review of the first year of the National Health Service.

PMID- 18142796
TI  - PHYSICIAN and the Service.

PMID- 18142797
TI  - OBSTETRICIAN and the Service.

PMID- 18142798
TI  - TOWN general practitioner and the Service.

PMID- 18142799
TI  - OPHTHALMOLOGIST and the Service.

PMID- 18142800
TI  - MINISTRY and the Service.

PMID- 18142801
TI  - NURSING profession and the Service.

PMID- 18142802
TI  - PRIVATE patient and the Service.

PMID- 18142803
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142804
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142805
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142806
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142808
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142807
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142810
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142809
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142811
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142812
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142813
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142814
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142815
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142816
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142817
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142818
TI  - The treatment of acute leukemia with folic acid antagonists.

PMID- 18142819
TI  - The influence of the adrenal gland on some of the changes induced in the animal
      organisms by the folic acid analogue, amino-teropterin.

PMID- 18142820
TI  - A plastic sponge prosthesis for use after pneumonectomy; preliminary report of an
      experimental study.

PMID- 18142821
TI  - Reactions to para-aminosalicylic acid.

PMID- 18142822
TI  - Treatment of undescended testicle.

PMID- 18142823
TI  - Investigations on the endocrine function of the testicle in cryptorchidism.

PMID- 18142824
TI  - Discussion on resectable carcinoma of the stomach.

PMID- 18142825
TI  - Recent developments in auditory tests.

PMID- 18142826
TI  - Discussion on leptospirosis.

PMID- 18142827
TI  - Discussion on the significance of pathological tests in rheumatic disease.

PMID- 18142828
TI  - Obstetric analgesia; a new machine for the self-administration of nitrous oxide
      oxygen.

PMID- 18142829
TI  - Discussion on the treatment of carcinoma of the vulva.

PMID- 18142830
TI  - Ocular defects of Still's disease.

PMID- 18142831
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142832
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142833
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142834
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142835
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142836
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142837
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142838
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142840
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142839
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142841
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142842
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142843
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142844
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142845
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142846
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142847
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142848
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142849
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142850
TI  - Alcoholic addiction; its classification and cure.

PMID- 18142851
TI  - Tuberculosis of joints and serous membranes; treatment with local alkalinization
      and streptomycin administration.

PMID- 18142852
TI  - Witkop (whitehead) a syphilitic affection of the scalp.

PMID- 18142853
TI  - Inversion of T waves after paroxysmal tachycardia.

PMID- 18142854
TI  - ACTION of vitamin A in calcification.

PMID- 18142855
TI  - [Plastic electronic microscopy of wet objects].

PMID- 18142856
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142857
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142858
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142859
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142860
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142861
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142862
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142863
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142864
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142865
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142866
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142867
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142868
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142869
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142870
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142871
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142872
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142873
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142874
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142875
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142876
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142878
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142877
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142879
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142880
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142881
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142882
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142883
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142884
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142885
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142886
TI  - The cancer teaching project in the School of Medicine.

PMID- 18142887
TI  - The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology pioneers in a new type of
      pharmacological research.

PMID- 18142888
TI  - The selection of medical students.

PMID- 18142889
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142890
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142891
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142892
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142893
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142894
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142895
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142896
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142897
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142898
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142899
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142900
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142901
TI  - The source of phosphorus in bacteriophage.

PMID- 18142902
TI  - Cancellation of fluoride inhibition of blood glucose catabolism.

PMID- 18142903
TI  - The metabolism of potassium in diabetic acidosis.

PMID- 18142904
TI  - Incidental finding of megaloblastic-like cells in bone marrow of one of two swine
      with macrocytic anemia and achlorhydria.

PMID- 18142905
TI  - A simple apparatus for the automatic inoculation of culture media.

PMID- 18142906
TI  - A new endemic area of scrub typhus in Japan.

PMID- 18142907
TI  - Civil defense planning.

PMID- 18142908
TI  - Vertical dimension.

PMID- 18142909
TI  - Congenital nonprogressive night blindness.

PMID- 18142910
TI  - Scleroderma with apparent gastric involvement.

PMID- 18142911
TI  - Regional ileitis with peritonitis.

PMID- 18142912
TI  - The cytological diagnosis of malignant cells in various body fluids.

PMID- 18142913
TI  - Burns.

PMID- 18142915
TI  - The Trumble operation for fusion of the hip.

PMID- 18142914
TI  - The influence of the contact-compression factor on osteogenesis in surgical
      fractures.

PMID- 18142916
TI  - Slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis.

PMID- 18142917
TI  - End results in physiological blocking of flail joints.

PMID- 18142918
TI  - The experimental production of ectopic cartilage and bone in the muscles of
      rabbits.

PMID- 18142919
TI  - The growth of the bone marrow.

PMID- 18142920
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the merthiolate bone bank; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18142921
TI  - Causes of amputations performed at Walter Reed General Hospital during 1947 and
      1948.

PMID- 18142922
TI  - Early effects of partial sensory denervation of the hip for relief of pain in
      chronic arthritis.

PMID- 18142923
TI  - Obturator neurectomy for coxalgia; an anatomical study of the obturator and the
      accessory obturator nerves.

PMID- 18142924
TI  - Procaine injection for relief of pain in the hip.

PMID- 18142925
TI  - Hemangioma of the knee joint.

PMID- 18142926
TI  - The use of the technique of progressive-resistance exercise in adolescence.

PMID- 18142927
TI  - An unusual form of de Quervain's syndrome; report of two cases.

PMID- 18142928
TI  - A method of procuring iliac bone by trephine curettage.

PMID- 18142929
TI  - Vitallium-cup arthroplasty of the hip joint; review of approximately 100 cases.

PMID- 18142930
TI  - Posterior dislocation of the hip with fracture of the head of the femur.

PMID- 18142931
TI  - Surgical approach to the vertebral body.

PMID- 18142932
TI  - Conference on post-graduate education in orthopaedic surgery.

PMID- 18142933
TI  - A program for training in adult orthopaedic surgery and fractures.

PMID- 18142934
TI  - The ideal curriculum for basic science instruction in orthopaedic surgery.

PMID- 18142935
TI  - The ideal curriculum of resident training in a university clinic.

PMID- 18142936
TI  - Resident training in a Veterans Administration hospital.

PMID- 18142937
TI  - Resident training in an Army hospital.

PMID- 18142938
TI  - Special training the resident should have in cerebral palsy.

PMID- 18142939
TI  - Special training the resident should have in the fitting and making of braces and
      prostheses.

PMID- 18142941
TI  - What constitutes a satisfactory preceptorship training?

PMID- 18142940
TI  - Research, publication, physical medicine, and other special subjects in a
      resident-training program.

PMID- 18142942
TI  - Gold therapy in rheumatoid arthritis in the United States.

PMID- 18142943
TI  - Orthopaedic surgery in the treatment of chronic rheumatic diseases of the hand.

PMID- 18142944
TI  - What is fibrositis?

PMID- 18142946
TI  - What can physics do to help?

PMID- 18142945
TI  - Antistreptolysin reaction in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18142947
TI  - Minimums of a state program for retarded.

PMID- 18142948
TI  - Society's first responsibility to the mentally retarded.

PMID- 18142949
TI  - The mental defective and his future.

PMID- 18142950
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142951
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142952
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142954
TI  - Some aspects of partial gastrectomy.

PMID- 18142953
TI  - [The use of sludge in Araxa e Pocos de Caldas].

PMID- 18142955
TI  - Simulated amnesia for identity treated by electrically induced epilepsy.

PMID- 18142956
TI  - Policies in the operation of an institution for the mentally deficient as they
      are affected by its location.

PMID- 18142958
TI  - Place of the institution in state programs for the care and supervision of the
      mentally deficient.

PMID- 18142957
TI  - An experiment; in-service orientation lecture series for employees in a state
      school.

PMID- 18142959
TI  - Central cafeterias vs individual dining rooms.

PMID- 18142960
TI  - Present and future of special education.

PMID- 18142961
TI  - Psychiatry in the field of mental deficiency.

PMID- 18142962
TI  - Educational implications in the public school special class of the endogenous
      exogenous classification.

PMID- 18142963
TI  - Two steps toward improvement of psychological services for the cerebral palsied.

PMID- 18142964
TI  - The Good enough drawing test and older mentally retarded children.

PMID- 18142965
TI  - The state-federal program of vocational rehabilitation for the mentally retarded.

PMID- 18142966
TI  - Casework in the social adjustment of adult defectives.

PMID- 18142967
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142968
TI  - [Cerebrospinal fluid of newborn; concept of normality].

PMID- 18142969
TI  - [Cisticercose do IV ventra culo; consideracoes anatomo-clanicas e sobre a
      terapeutica cirurgica].

PMID- 18142970
TI  - [Children dreams and familial behavior].

PMID- 18142971
TI  - [Inferior altitudinal hemianopsia caused by optic-chiasmatic arachnoiditis].

PMID- 18142972
TI  - [Acoustic neuroma surgery with preservation of hearing and vestibular branch of
      sacrifice].

PMID- 18142973
TI  - The selective use of electroconvulsive therapy in manic patients.

PMID- 18142974
TI  - Group therapy with alcoholics in a hospital setting.

PMID- 18142975
TI  - Resistance analysis and psychodamnitis.

PMID- 18142976
TI  - Adjustment levels in hospitalized schizophrenic patients following prefrontal
      lobotomy.

PMID- 18142977
TI  - Tertiary syphilis.

PMID- 18142978
TI  - Use of seconal sodium in electroconvulsive therapy.

PMID- 18142979
TI  - Content analysis of the Rorschach with regard to anxiety and hostility.

PMID- 18142980
TI  - Some aspects of personality of Chinese as revealed by the Rorschach test.

PMID- 18142981
TI  - Through adolescence with the Rorschach.

PMID- 18142982
TI  - Art techniques in studying child personality.

PMID- 18142983
TI  - Notes on the clinical use of future autobiographies.

PMID- 18142984
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142985
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142986
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142987
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142988
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142989
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142991
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142990
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142992
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142993
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142994
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142995
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142996
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18142997
TI  - DELHI, India, takes active steps to improve nursing education.

PMID- 18142998
TI  - Protection of workers against industrial noise.

PMID- 18142999
TI  - Ascorbic acid metabolism of older adolescents.

PMID- 18143000
TI  - Magnesium deficiency in the chick; clinical and neuropathologic findings.

PMID- 18143001
TI  - A physiological and cytochemical study of the kidney and the adrenal cortex
      during acute choline deficiency in weanling rats.

PMID- 18143003
TI  - The iron requirement of six adolescent girls.

PMID- 18143002
TI  - Nitrogen excretion of women related to the distribution of animal protein in
      daily meals.

PMID- 18143004
TI  - The growth-promoting effect on the rat of summer butter and other fats.

PMID- 18143005
TI  - Intestinal synthesis of niacin and the metabolic interrelationship of tryptophan
      and niacin in the rabbit.

PMID- 18143006
TI  - Urinary pantothenate, blood glucose, and inorganic serum phosphate in patients
      with metabolic disorders treated with doses of pantothenate.

PMID- 18143007
TI  - Hypervitaminosis A in the dog.

PMID- 18143008
TI  - Therapeutic results in advanced chronic simple glaucoma with telescopic fields.

PMID- 18143009
TI  - Cataract and tetany produced by parathyroid deficiency during pregnancy,
      lactation, and menstruation.

PMID- 18143010
TI  - Etiology of trachoma.

PMID- 18143011
TI  - The Dupuy-Dutemps dacryocystorhinostomy.

PMID- 18143012
TI  - Ocular lymphomas.

PMID- 18143013
TI  - A survey of anterior segment photography.

PMID- 18143014
TI  - Talc granulomas of the eye.

PMID- 18143015
TI  - Intraocular foreign bodies; 50 consecutive cases.

PMID- 18143016
TI  - Essential (progressive) atrophy of the iris.

PMID- 18143017
TI  - Retinal angiospasm; the fundus in different stages of an attack in the left eye.

PMID- 18143018
TI  - Optochiasmatic arachnoiditis.

PMID- 18143019
TI  - Secondary functions of inferior oblique.

PMID- 18143020
TI  - DISCIFORM degeneration of macula.

PMID- 18143021
TI  - IRIDOCYCLITIS, choroiditis, and glaucoma.

PMID- 18143022
TI  - Use of water baths to promote wound healing.

PMID- 18143023
TI  - Studies on the intra-ocular fluids; the dialysation of aqueous humour against
      plasma.

PMID- 18143024
TI  - An investigation into the mode of heredity of congenital and juvenile cataracts.

PMID- 18143025
TI  - The motor impulse elicited by the retinal stimulus and the binocular optical
      reflexes.

PMID- 18143026
TI  - Hyaline membranes on the posterior corneal surface.

PMID- 18143027
TI  - Local application of urea for the treatment of dendritic ulcer.

PMID- 18143028
TI  - The relative importance of direct and indirect ophthalmoscopic examination in the
      treatment of retinal detachment.

PMID- 18143029
TI  - A second interim report on the result of over 500 cases of the fenestration
      operation; factors attributable to success and failure, and a description of a
      modification in the author's fenestra.

PMID- 18143030
TI  - Some manifestations of nasal allergy; a survey of 150 cases in the Middle East.

PMID- 18143031
TI  - Vertigo after radical mastoidectomy.

PMID- 18143032
TI  - Aural vertigo (Meniere's syndrome) an audiographic survey.

PMID- 18143033
TI  - Rhinology in children; resume of and comments on the literature for 1948.

PMID- 18143034
TI  - Minor salivary gland tumors in respiratory tract and ear; review of the
      literature and report of two cases.

PMID- 18143035
TI  - Endaural surgery of the temporal bone.

PMID- 18143036
TI  - Chronic secretory otitis media.

PMID- 18143037
TI  - Scleroma simulating atrophic rhinitis; clinical differentiation and laboratory
      confirmation.

PMID- 18143038
TI  - The treatment of chronic purulent otitis media with glycerite of hydrogen
      peroxide.

PMID- 18143039
TI  - Antigen-antibody reactions in gels.

PMID- 18143040
TI  - In vitro method for testing the toxin-producing capacity of diphtheria bacteria.

PMID- 18143041
TI  - The pathology of Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome.

PMID- 18143042
TI  - Studies on Bacteroides; investigation and discussion of methods.

PMID- 18143043
TI  - Beta-haemolytic streptococci in throat and antistreptolysin titre.

PMID- 18143044
TI  - Moloney test and its application in vaccination of adults.

PMID- 18143045
TI  - Observations on experimental dental caries; the effect of certain quinones with,
      and without vitamin K activity.

PMID- 18143046
TI  - Cervical lymph node tuberculosis and the tonsils.

PMID- 18143047
TI  - Studies on hereditary dwarfism in mice; dependence of the nuclear class formation
      upon the pituitary growth hormone.

PMID- 18143048
TI  - On the sizes of the nuclei in the glandula infraorbitalis of the white rat.

PMID- 18143049
TI  - The incomplete agglutinin related to the L-(Lewis) system.

PMID- 18143050
TI  - Investigations on the blood factor.

PMID- 18143051
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143052
TI  - Sinusitis in children at home and in day-nurseries.

PMID- 18143053
TI  - The course of the sedimentation rate in uncomplicated cases of primary
      tuberculous infection with erythema nodosum in children.

PMID- 18143054
TI  - Encephalomyelitis complicating measles.

PMID- 18143055
TI  - An encephalo-ophthalmic syndrome in two premature children.

PMID- 18143056
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143057
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143058
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143059
TI  - Studies on bed rocking, head banging and related rhythmic patterns.

PMID- 18143060
TI  - Atypical osteomyelitis.

PMID- 18143061
TI  - Dilantin intoxication.

PMID- 18143062
TI  - Angiocardiographic studies on the human foetal circulation; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18143063
TI  - Rickets in newborn infants; clinical and histologic study.

PMID- 18143064
TI  - Mixed infection of hemolytic streptococci in cases of primary tuberculosis in
      children.

PMID- 18143065
TI  - Thumbsucking; frequency and etiology.

PMID- 18143066
TI  - The Swedish BCG expedition in Germany.

PMID- 18143067
TI  - Congenital toxoplasmosis; clinical, histopathologic and parasitologic
      observations during life and at post mortem.

PMID- 18143068
TI  - Complement fixation test in toxoplasmosis and persistence of the antibody in
      human beings.

PMID- 18143069
TI  - Hospital fatality rates for premature infants.

PMID- 18143070
TI  - Mechanism of emergence of resistance to streptomycin of H. pertussis and H.
      parapertussis during treatment with this antibiotic.

PMID- 18143071
TI  - Immunization against pertussis during the first 4 months of life.

PMID- 18143072
TI  - Meningitis in premature infants.

PMID- 18143073
TI  - Diagnostic tests for toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 18143074
TI  - Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (Bland
      White-Garland syndrome) report of four cases.

PMID- 18143075
TI  - Electrophoretic studies of plasma proteins in normal children.

PMID- 18143076
TI  - First year of the British National Health Service.

PMID- 18143077
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143078
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143079
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143080
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143081
TI  - Germicidal value and use of hexachlorophene.

PMID- 18143082
TI  - Public health aspects of the distribution of drugs and medicines.

PMID- 18143083
TI  - The isolation and identification of beetle fragments from powdered vegetable
      drugs.

PMID- 18143084
TI  - The biological assay of vegetable pugatives; senna leaf and fruit and their
      preparations.

PMID- 18143085
TI  - The active constituents of the vegetable purgatives containing anthracene
      derivatives; glycosides and aglycones.

PMID- 18143086
TI  - Note on microbiological assays using Lactobacillus lactis Dorner.

PMID- 18143087
TI  - The vitamin B12 concentration in liver extracts and a note on the relationship
      between clinical response and B12 dosage.

PMID- 18143088
TI  - The variations in colour of liquid extract of liquorice B. P.

PMID- 18143089
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143090
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143091
TI  - [Interoceptive conduction and sympathetic nervous system].

PMID- 18143092
TI  - [Reflex and functional system as factors of physiological integration].

PMID- 18143093
TI  - [Results in application of a new method of anemic injury to the central nervous
      system of higher animals].

PMID- 18143094
TI  - [Nature of the conditioned reflex].

PMID- 18143095
TI  - [Certain peculiarities of the central nervous system of the horse].

PMID- 18143096
TI  - [Principles of afferent conduction in activity of the central nervous system].

PMID- 18143097
TI  - [Reflex reaction in external stimulation of sensory organs in connection with
      their sensibility].

PMID- 18143099
TI  - [Mechanism of conditioned reflex in neurogenic hypertomy].

PMID- 18143098
TI  - [Effect of extirpation of various portions of the cerebral cortex on
      multiplication and progeny in dogs].

PMID- 18143100
TI  - [Correlation between the first and second signal systems in certain
      physiopathological states].

PMID- 18143101
TI  - [Mechanism of conditioned reflex].

PMID- 18143102
TI  - [Disposition of subcortical nutritive centers].

PMID- 18143103
TI  - [Adaptation-trophic role of the sympathetic nervous system and of the
      cerebellum].

PMID- 18143104
TI  - [Synthesis and disintegration of polysaccharides in the brain].

PMID- 18143105
TI  - [Fatigue and restoration in the nervous system and its role in diagnosis of
      pathological states].

PMID- 18143106
TI  - A study of carbon dioxide present in the oral cavity during inspiration.

PMID- 18143107
TI  - Variability of heart rate in relation to age, sex and stress.

PMID- 18143108
TI  - Enzyme studies on human blood; the prothrombin content of plasma stored up to 6
      years.

PMID- 18143109
TI  - Relationship between leg strength, leg endurance and other body measurements.

PMID- 18143110
TI  - Some responses to hot and cold test meals.

PMID- 18143111
TI  - Gustoolfactory thresholds in relation to appetite and hunger sensations.

PMID- 18143112
TI  - Should psychiatry intrude into psychical research? reply to Mr. Ronald Rose's
      Some comments on telepathy and medical psychology.

PMID- 18143113
TI  - Conditional matching behavior in chimpanzee; implications for the comparative
      study of intelligence.

PMID- 18143114
TI  - The effect of response termination of the stimulus upon reaction time.

PMID- 18143115
TI  - The effect of electroconvulsive shock on the anticipatory gradient in the rat.

PMID- 18143116
TI  - Cognitive learning in the absence of competition of incentives.

PMID- 18143117
TI  - Effects of morphine sulphate and diaminon hydrochloride on incidence of
      audiogenic seizures of albino rats.

PMID- 18143118
TI  - Associative and retroactive inhibition as a function of the drive stimulus.

PMID- 18143119
TI  - Activity level as a function of hunger.

PMID- 18143120
TI  - The runway performance of rats subjected to electroconvulsive shock following
      nembutal anesthesia.

PMID- 18143121
TI  - Production and reversal of sensitivity to sound-induced convulsions associated
      with a pyridoxin deficiency.

PMID- 18143122
TI  - Possible genetic differences in the mortality of mice from electroconvulsive
      shocks.

PMID- 18143123
TI  - Note on modification of effects of electroconvulsive shocks on maternal behavior
      by ether anesthesia.

PMID- 18143124
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143125
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143126
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143127
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143128
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143130
TI  - The present status of dental preventive measures.

PMID- 18143129
TI  - Public health services in British Columbia during the floods of 1948.

PMID- 18143131
TI  - An international educational program in the field of health.

PMID- 18143132
TI  - An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium in Alberta.

PMID- 18143133
TI  - The new outlook on mental health.

PMID- 18143134
TI  - The laboratory investigation of virus diseases.

PMID- 18143135
TI  - An analysis of the diphtheria position.

PMID- 18143137
TI  - The incidence of tuberculosis and the housing aspect in Stirling Burgh.

PMID- 18143136
TI  - The effect of exercise on the severity of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18143138
TI  - Low intensity radium element needles.

PMID- 18143139
TI  - Tracheo-esophageal constriction produced by right aortic arch and left ligamentum
      arteriosum.

PMID- 18143140
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143142
TI  - Benign lymphocytic meningitis.

PMID- 18143141
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143143
TI  - Rare complications of pneumo-peritoneum.

PMID- 18143144
TI  - The roentgenographic and angiocardiographic aspects of aberrant insertion of
      pulmonary veins associated with interartrial septal defect and congenital
      arteriovenous aneurysm of the lung.

PMID- 18143145
TI  - The time factor in cerebral angiography and an automatic seriograph.

PMID- 18143146
TI  - Non-pathologic variations in relationship of the upper cervical vertebrae.

PMID- 18143147
TI  - Pulmonary adenomatosis with a new laboratory finding.

PMID- 18143148
TI  - Multiple Charcot joints.

PMID- 18143149
TI  - Changes in the coagulability of the blood after radiation therapy; the results of
      studies using the modified Waugh-Ruddick test for increased coagulability.

PMID- 18143150
TI  - Effect of atropine on acute irradiation sickness in mice.

PMID- 18143151
TI  - Biological evaluation of 20 million volt roentgen rays; recessive sex-linked
      lethals in Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 18143152
TI  - Radiation effects on 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride solutions.

PMID- 18143153
TI  - The radiological localisation of the placental site; normal implantation.

PMID- 18143154
TI  - The differentiation of mediastinal tumour and aneurysm; value of
      angiocardiography.

PMID- 18143155
TI  - Pneumoconiosis in graphite workers.

PMID- 18143156
TI  - The organisation of hospital physics departments.

PMID- 18143157
TI  - An experimental study of back-scatter with X-ray beams of small area.

PMID- 18143158
TI  - Two devices for improving accuracy in X-ray beam direction.

PMID- 18143159
TI  - The surgical management of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in focalized lesions.

PMID- 18143160
TI  - Blood volume and extracellular fluid changes during thoracic operations.

PMID- 18143161
TI  - Bilobectomy; surgical and anatomic considerations in resection of right middle
      and lower lobes through the intermediate bronchus.

PMID- 18143162
TI  - An experimental study in bronchial anastomosis.

PMID- 18143163
TI  - The recognition and correction of constrictive pericarditis.

PMID- 18143164
TI  - The choice of the side for approach in operations for pulmonary stenosis.

PMID- 18143165
TI  - Pulmonary resection for coccidioidomycosis; report of a case.

PMID- 18143166
TI  - Carcinoma of the lung; a follow-up on 67 patients subjected to pneumonectomy.

PMID- 18143167
TI  - Surgical treatment of congenital cystic disease of the lung with a report of two
      cases.

PMID- 18143168
TI  - Surgical wounds of the lung; the mode of healing of pulmonary tissue.

PMID- 18143169
TI  - Chronic pneumonitis; its clinical and pathologic importance; report of ten cases
      showing interstitial pneumonitis and unusual cholesterol deposits.

PMID- 18143170
TI  - Pulmonary resection for lung abscess.

PMID- 18143171
TI  - Radiation burns, including vocational and atomic exposures; treatment, and
      surgical prevention of chronic lesions.

PMID- 18143173
TI  - Herpes zoster; a surgical procedure for the treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia.

PMID- 18143175
TI  - The clinical use of radioactive phosphorus in the surgery of brain tumors.

PMID- 18143176
TI  - Evaluation of total sympathectomy.

PMID- 18143177
TI  - Postoperative nitrogen loss; a comparison of the effects of trauma and of caloric
      readjustment.

PMID- 18143178
TI  - Minimum postoperative maintenance requirements for parenteral water, sodium,
      potassium, chloride and glucose.

PMID- 18143179
TI  - The metabolic fate of the infused erythrocyte.

PMID- 18143181
TI  - The experimental study of flash-burns.

PMID- 18143183
TI  - The pathogenesis of hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 18143184
TI  - Transmetatarsal amputation for infection or gangrene in patients with diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 18143186
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143187
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143188
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143189
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143190
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143191
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143192
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143193
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143194
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143195
TI  - [Experimental pleural shock in repeated operations on the thorax].

PMID- 18143196
TI  - [State and function of the sole kidney following unilateral nephrectomy].

PMID- 18143197
TI  - [Mysh's operative technique in hypertrophy of the prostate].

PMID- 18143198
TI  - [One stage total excision of the bladder and extraperitoneal transplantation of
      ureters into the rectum].

PMID- 18143199
TI  - [Ureter transplantation into the pelvic colon].

PMID- 18143200
TI  - [Results of treatment of closed fractures of the leg].

PMID- 18143201
TI  - [Late surgery of the hip joint for suppurative coxites following gunshot injury].

PMID- 18143202
TI  - [Congenital absence of both parotid glands and undevelopment of the salivary
      glands].

PMID- 18143203
TI  - [Penicillin and sulfidine in treatment of phlegmon of the stomach].

PMID- 18143204
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143205
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143206
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143207
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143208
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143209
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143210
TI  - A survey of negatively reacting child contacts in relation to BCG vaccination.

PMID- 18143211
TI  - Para-amino-salicylic acid as an aerosol in the treatment of respiratory
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 18143212
TI  - The host parasite relationship in tuberculous infection.

PMID- 18143213
TI  - [Control of gonorrhea].

PMID- 18143214
TI  - [Preventive treatment of syphilis with penicillin].

PMID- 18143215
TI  - [Preventive treatment of syphilis].

PMID- 18143216
TI  - [Clinical aspect and histopathology of complicated syphilitic chancres].

PMID- 18143217
TI  - [Histochemical data on the distribution of novarsenol in animal organs following
      introduction of minimal doses].

PMID- 18143218
TI  - [Significance of quantitative method of serodiagnosis of syphilis].

PMID- 18143219
TI  - [Electronomicroscopic data on the effect of penicillin on gonococci].

PMID- 18143220
TI  - [Schirwendt's microreaction in serodiagnosis of syphilis].

PMID- 18143221
TI  - [Agranulocytic blood shifts in salvarsan therapy and penicillin treatment].

PMID- 18143222
TI  - [Application of heterohemotherapy in dermatovenerology].

PMID- 18143223
TI  - [Gangrene of external genital organs and its treatment].

PMID- 18143224
TI  - [History of Russian venerology].

PMID- 18143226
TI  - On the presence of cysts in the human pituitary.

PMID- 18143225
TI  - [Graphic control of syphilitics].

PMID- 18143227
TI  - Tissue culture studies of ciliated nasal mucosa in man; preliminary report.

PMID- 18143228
TI  - The effects of antithyroid drugs on chick embryos.

PMID- 18143229
TI  - Response by the rat thyro-parathyroidectomized at birth to growth hormone and to
      thyroxin given separately or in combination; general growth and organ changes.

PMID- 18143230
TI  - Response by the rat thyro-parathyroidectomized at birth to growth hormone and to
      thyroxin given separately or in combination; histological changes in the
      pituitary.

PMID- 18143231
TI  - Cecal villi in the red tree mouse, Phenacomys longicaudus.

PMID- 18143232
TI  - Human epidermal cells observed in tissue culture with phase-contrast microscopy.

PMID- 18143233
TI  - Hormone-induced sexual cycles of flagellates; gametogenesis, fertilization, and
      meiosis in Trichonympha.

PMID- 18143234
TI  - Growth and form in calyptoblastic hydroids; comparison of a campanulid,
      campanularian, sertularian and plumularian.

PMID- 18143235
TI  - The accumulation of glycogen in the glycogen body of the nerve cord of the
      developing chick.

PMID- 18143236
TI  - The significance of plant diseases in Great Britain.

PMID- 18143237
TI  - Aspermy, a new virus disease of the tomato.

PMID- 18143238
TI  - Observations on a virus disease of cowpen in Trinidad.

PMID- 18143239
TI  - The grouping and overwintering of Myzus persicae Sulz. on Prunus species.

PMID- 18143240
TI  - Effect of previous crops on the incidence of eyespot on winter wheat.

PMID- 18143241
TI  - Studies in the diagnosis of mineral deficiency; the composition of weed leaves in
      relation to potassium deficiency in barley.

PMID- 18143242
TI  - Field trials with D-D mixture against potato-root eelworm.

PMID- 18143243
TI  - A combined hand- or power-operated sprayer for fly and mosquito control.

PMID- 18143244
TI  - A vertical spraying apparatus for the laboratory evaluation of all types of
      liquid pest control materials.

PMID- 18143245
TI  - Studies of survival of unicellular species; variations in life expectancy of a
      paramecium under laboratory conditions.

PMID- 18143246
TI  - Studies of survival of unicellular species; some principles involved in the
      survival of bacterial species.

PMID- 18143247
TI  - Differential growth of malignant and nonmalignant tissues in rats bearing
      hepatoma 31; influence of dietary protein, riboflavin, and biotin.

PMID- 18143248
TI  - Changes in a transplanted fibrosarcoma associated with ascorbic acid deficiency.

PMID- 18143249
TI  - The effect of ectopic autologous grafts of androgen-stimulated prostate upon the
      serum acid phosphatase of the dog.

PMID- 18143250
TI  - Glass cloth as a substrate for tissue culture.

PMID- 18143251
TI  - Lactonase and C-acylase activity of hepatoma.

PMID- 18143252
TI  - A maternal influence on the growth rate of a transplantable tumor in hybrid mice.

PMID- 18143253
TI  - The histamine content of some experimental tumors.

PMID- 18143254
TI  - Chemical alteration of polysaccharide from Serratia marcescens, reaction of
      polysaccharide with radioactive p-iodobenzene diazonium chloride and the use of
      the produce in an experimental and clinical study.

PMID- 18143255
TI  - Relationship between the hairless gene and susceptibility to induced pulmonary
      tumors in mice.

PMID- 18143256
TI  - Induction of pulmonary tumors in strain A mice with methyl-bis(beta-chloroethyl)
      amine hydrochloride.

PMID- 18143258
TI  - The carcinogenic action of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene on the skin and
      subcutaneous tissues of the mouse, rabbit, rat and guinea pig.

PMID- 18143257
TI  - Morbid anatomy, histopathology, and histopathogenesis of fore-stomach carcinoma
      in mice fed carcinogenic hydrocarbons in oil emulsions.

PMID- 18143259
TI  - Effect of penicillin on the development of mammary tumors in mice containing the
      milk agent.

PMID- 18143260
TI  - Observations on the effect of a folic-acid antagonist on transplantable lymphoid
      leukemias in mice.

PMID- 18143261
TI  - The incidence of mammary tumors in mice of strain C3H and in descendants of
      fostered strain C.

PMID- 18143262
TI  - Studies on the disappearance of the mammary-tumor agent in mice of strains C3H
      and C.

PMID- 18143263
TI  - The intermediary metabolism of the mammary gland; respiration of lactating
      mammary gland slices in presence of carbohydrates.

PMID- 18143266
TI  - The relationship between the constitution and the effect of chemical compounds on
      plant growth.

PMID- 18143267
TI  - The reduction of gastric acidity by back-diffusion by hydrogen ions through the
      mucosa.

PMID- 18143269
TI  - The biogenesis of porphyrins; the distribution of 15N in the ring system.

PMID- 18143268
TI  - Studies in detoxication; the fates of phenol, phenylsulphuric acid and
      phenylglucuronide in the rabbit, in relation to the metabolism of benzene.

PMID- 18143270
TI  - Factors affecting synthesis of ascorbic acid in cress seedlings; ascorbic acid
      synthesis in relation to sugar formation.

PMID- 18143273
TI  - Metabolic products of Trichothecium roseum Link.

PMID- 18143274
TI  - Acid-soluble pigments of molluscan shells; pigments other than porphyrins.

PMID- 18143275
TI  - Acid-soluble pigments of molluscan shells; the indigoid character of the blue
      pigment of the Haliotis cracherodii Leach.

PMID- 18143276
TI  - Acid-soluble pigments of molluscan shell porphyrins with particular reference to
      conchoporphyrin.

PMID- 18143280
TI  - The role of the thyroid in carotene and vitamin A metabolism.

PMID- 18143281
TI  - Metabolism of derivatives of toluene; o-,m- and p-xylenes.

PMID- 18143282
TI  - Nucleic acid metabolism of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 18143283
TI  - The configuration at C-20 of the urinary pregnane-3(alpha):17(alpha):20-triol of
      Butler and Marrian.

PMID- 18143284
TI  - Acid-soluble phosphorus in hens' eggs during development of the embryo.

PMID- 18143285
TI  - Are phospholipids transmitted through the placenta?

PMID- 18143286
TI  - The respiration of rat-liver slices in the presence of some aliphatic amines,
      hydroxyamines and quaternary ammonium salts.

PMID- 18143287
TI  - Paper chromatography of the vitamin B12 group of factors.

PMID- 18143288
TI  - Irreversibility of the deamination of threonine in the rat.

PMID- 18143289
TI  - The distribution of lipoids in the faeces of normal and cholesterol-fed animals.

PMID- 18143290
TI  - Observations on the renal clearance of some fructosans.

PMID- 18143291
TI  - Phosphorus compounds in the cell nucleus.

PMID- 18143292
TI  - Tubular invaginations of the enamel capsule; T-hypoplasia, a new factor in the
      pathology of human enamel caries.

PMID- 18143293
TI  - Functional analysis for bite rehabilitation.

PMID- 18143294
TI  - Reverse technique for inserting a cement lining under an amalgam filling.

PMID- 18143295
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143296
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143297
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143298
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143299
TI  - The efficient use of carbide burs and diamond points for cavity preparations.

PMID- 18143300
TI  - Pentothal sodium and nitrous oxide-oxygen anesthesia as a dental office
      anesthetic.

PMID- 18143301
TI  - Aneurysm with diffuse infection.

PMID- 18143302
TI  - Removal of a mandibular third molar tooth impacted in a mesioangular position.

PMID- 18143303
TI  - The pulpless tooth and apicectomy.

PMID- 18143304
TI  - The indirect inlay technique.

PMID- 18143305
TI  - Immediate denture construction; method calls for alveolectomy following removal
      of anterior teeth.

PMID- 18143306
TI  - The age factor in the treatment of malocclusion by autokinesis.

PMID- 18143307
TI  - Crown from fractured incisor imbedded in lip; case report.

PMID- 18143308
TI  - Apicoectomies; outline of surgical procedure.

PMID- 18143309
TI  - How to treat the problem child.

PMID- 18143311
TI  - Radical surgery for advanced cancer.

PMID- 18143310
TI  - Fiction and facts in periodontology; an appraisal.

PMID- 18143312
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143313
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143314
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143315
TI  - Cutaneous cancer in Kenya.

PMID- 18143316
TI  - An essay on the reactions of the mesenchyme with especial reference to the
      reticuloses.

PMID- 18143317
TI  - The relationship of operative procedures to the health of the periodontal
      tissues.

PMID- 18143318
TI  - Temporomandibular joint disease; differential diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 18143319
TI  - Solution of difficulties encountered with copper electroformed dies.

PMID- 18143320
TI  - A roentgenographic survey of periodontal disease in India.

PMID- 18143321
TI  - The magnifying glass as an aid in pedodontics.

PMID- 18143322
TI  - A simplified method for fabricating acrylic orthodontic retainers and appliances.

PMID- 18143323
TI  - Amount of mercury vapor in air of dental officers and laboratories.

PMID- 18143324
TI  - A clinical study of amalgam failures.

PMID- 18143325
TI  - Copper plating of reversible hydrocolloid impressions.

PMID- 18143326
TI  - Tobacco and gingivitis; correlation between consumption of tobacco,
      ulceromembranous gingiivitis and calculus.

PMID- 18143327
TI  - Tobacco and gingivitis; difference in the action of cigarette and pipe smoking.

PMID- 18143328
TI  - Some characteristics of caries on the proximal surfaces of the teeth.

PMID- 18143329
TI  - The condition of the teeth and the attachment apparatus in tuberculosis.

PMID- 18143330
TI  - Biochemical production of oxalic acid from carbohydrates.

PMID- 18143331
TI  - Terminal alkalinity in saliva-phenol red glucose broth cultures.

PMID- 18143332
TI  - The ascorbic acid content of the saliva of carious and noncarious individuals.

PMID- 18143333
TI  - The chemical nature of the proteins from human enamel.

PMID- 18143334
TI  - Comparative protein chemistry; the composition of the proteins of human teeth and
      fish scales.

PMID- 18143335
TI  - Decalcification of bone and teeth under vacuum; a rapid method for producing hard
      tissue preparations.

PMID- 18143336
TI  - Psychology, its place in dental practice.

PMID- 18143337
TI  - Preventive dentistry and the child.

PMID- 18143338
TI  - The use of contraceptives as a ground for divorce.

PMID- 18143339
TI  - The purpose of imprisonment in England and Wales.

PMID- 18143340
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143342
TI  - Autumn colours.

PMID- 18143341
TI  - SCIENTIST in society.

PMID- 18143343
TI  - Electroencephalography.

PMID- 18143344
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143345
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143346
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143347
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143348
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143349
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143350
TI  - Antihistaminic substances and epinephrine action on blood pressure.

PMID- 18143351
TI  - Effect of ultrasonic vibration on muscle fibres in vitro.

PMID- 18143352
TI  - Variations, due to colour, in the spike frequency-time curves of single retinal
      elements.

PMID- 18143353
TI  - GOVERNMENT expenditure on scientific and industrial research.

PMID- 18143354
TI  - Rapid assessment of virus haemagglutinin by the aid of centrifugal and
      centripetal effects.

PMID- 18143355
TI  - RADIATION chemistry at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana.

PMID- 18143356
TI  - Friedel-Crafts polymerization.

PMID- 18143357
TI  - An examination of praseodymium, neodymium and samarium for alpha-activity.

PMID- 18143358
TI  - Photo-fission of uranium with possible emission of a beryllium nucleus.

PMID- 18143359
TI  - Scattering of polarized neutrons by protons.

PMID- 18143360
TI  - Revival of spermatozoa after vitrification and dehydration at low temperatures.

PMID- 18143361
TI  - Ribosenucleic acid in snake erythrocyte nuclei.

PMID- 18143362
TI  - A census of mould spores in the atmosphere.

PMID- 18143363
TI  - Chemical measurement of ionizing radiations.

PMID- 18143364
TI  - Dianhydrohexitols derived from mannitol.

PMID- 18143365
TI  - Paper partition chromatography of phenolic substances.

PMID- 18143366
TI  - Entomology as a career.

PMID- 18143367
TI  - The presentation of scientific information.

PMID- 18143369
TI  - The abrupt transition from rest to activity in muscle.

PMID- 18143368
TI  - On chlorocruorin and haemoglobin.

PMID- 18143370
TI  - Is relaxation an active process?

PMID- 18143371
TI  - The formation of choleglobin and the role of catalase in the erythrocyte.

PMID- 18143372
TI  - The influence of nerve fibres on Schwann cell migration investigated in tissue
      culture.

PMID- 18143373
TI  - Metabolic activity in tissue transplants; hormone-induced formation of fructose
      and citric acid in transplants from accessory glands of reproduction.

PMID- 18143375
TI  - Shock waves.

PMID- 18143374
TI  - The antigenic relationship of some mammalian spermatozoa.

PMID- 18143376
TI  - Fluorocarbons.

PMID- 18143377
TI  - The demonstration of a new nerve-cell organoid.

PMID- 18143378
TI  - A method for demonstrating the presence of alkaline phosphatase and glycogen in
      the same section.

PMID- 18143379
TI  - Combination of certain fluorine derivative dyes with bacterial cells at different
      hydrogen ion concentrations.

PMID- 18143380
TI  - A simplified method for the double embedding of tissue.

PMID- 18143381
TI  - A 5-hour variant of Gomori's methenamine silver method for argentaffin cells.

PMID- 18143382
TI  - Staining of plant materials cleared in NaOH.

PMID- 18143383
TI  - Deterioration of Schiff's reagent.

PMID- 18143385
TI  - The manifold effect of selection.

PMID- 18143384
TI  - A suggestion for prevention of loose sections in the Bodian protargol method.

PMID- 18143386
TI  - Inheritance of dun, brown and brindle colour in cattle.

PMID- 18143387
TI  - The inheritance of the MNS blood groups; a second series of families.

PMID- 18143388
TI  - The estimation of linkage with differential viability.

PMID- 18143389
TI  - A dominant mutant mosaic house mouse.

PMID- 18143390
TI  - Last of the surviving Mendellers.

PMID- 18143391
TI  - Sterilization in Sweden.

PMID- 18143392
TI  - The computation of inbreeding coefficients for closed populations.

PMID- 18143393
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143394
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143396
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143395
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143398
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143397
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143399
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143400
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143401
TI  - Diagnosis and mechanism of hemolysis in chronic hemolytic anemia with nocturnall
      hemoglobinuria.

PMID- 18143402
TI  - Acquired hemolytic anemia; the relation of erythrocyte antibody production to
      activity of the disease; the significance of thrombocytopenia and leukopenia.

PMID- 18143403
TI  - Serologic method of purifying blood group A substance.

PMID- 18143404
TI  - Hemolytic reactions produced in dogs by transfusion of incompatible dog blood and
      plasma; serologic and hematologic aspects.

PMID- 18143405
TI  - Hemolytic reactions produced in dogs by transfusion of incompatible dog blood and
      plasma; renal aspects following whole blood transfusions.

PMID- 18143406
TI  - Effects of the intramuscular administration of BAL in a subject with the sickle
      cell trait; case report.

PMID- 18143407
TI  - Rhisosensitization in the American Negro.

PMID- 18143408
TI  - The pathogenesis of erythroblastosis fetalis.

PMID- 18143409
TI  - Correlation between the mean corpuscular volume and reticulocytosis in
      phenylhydrazine anemia in swine.

PMID- 18143410
TI  - Fetal and adult hemoglobins in the blood of infants affected with hemolytic
      disease of the newborn.

PMID- 18143411
TI  - The coincidence of Mediterranean anemia and pernicious anemia in a young
      Sicilian.

PMID- 18143412
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143413
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143414
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143415
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143416
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143417
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143418
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143419
TI  - A medical history of the Harrodsburg Springs.

PMID- 18143420
TI  - Pharmacy students learn in outpatient service.

PMID- 18143421
TI  - Pyrogens in intravenous solutions.

PMID- 18143422
TI  - The hospital pharmacist contributes to the medical intern program.

PMID- 18143423
TI  - A photo lab is well worth the cost.

PMID- 18143424
TI  - Conservation of eyesight in industry.

PMID- 18143425
TI  - Urinary mercury determinations.

PMID- 18143426
TI  - Atmospheric pollution.

PMID- 18143427
TI  - Occupational medicine; its role in the social world.

PMID- 18143429
TI  - Injury vs gout.

PMID- 18143428
TI  - The conservative treatment of industrial intervertebral disc injuries.

PMID- 18143430
TI  - Sickness disability insurance laws in relation to occupational medicine.

PMID- 18143431
TI  - A walking blood bank.

PMID- 18143432
TI  - About alcoholism.

PMID- 18143433
TI  - Intravenous procaine as an outpatient procedure.

PMID- 18143435
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143434
TI  - Thickening of superficial nerves as a diagnostic sign in leprosy.

PMID- 18143436
TI  - Pseudoexacerbation of leprosy due to the diamio-diphenylsulfones.

PMID- 18143437
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143438
TI  - Vitamin D in massive doses as an adjuvant to the sulfones in the treatment of
      tuberculoid leprosy.

PMID- 18143440
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143439
TI  - A case of ocular leprosy treated with autoserum from cantharides blisters.

PMID- 18143441
TI  - The role of the capillary perithelium in the formation of the cutaneous leproma.

PMID- 18143442
TI  - The Lucio and lazarine forms of leprosy.

PMID- 18143443
TI  - The diagnostic value of oral and intravenous dextrose tolerance tests in
      endocrine disorders with decreased dextrose tolerance; diabetes mellitus,
      thyrotoxicosis, Cushing's syndrome and acromegaly.

PMID- 18143445
TI  - Silicosis in steel and iron cleaners.

PMID- 18143444
TI  - Primary hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands associated with ulcers in the
      oesophagus and duodenum and polycythemia of the splenomegalic type.

PMID- 18143446
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis and the function of the joints.

PMID- 18143447
TI  - The role of euglobulin in the coagulation of blood.

PMID- 18143448
TI  - A new ergograph.

PMID- 18143449
TI  - The elimination of iodophthalein in normal and icteric subjects.

PMID- 18143450
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143451
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143452
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143453
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143454
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143455
TI  - Cancer of the colon and rectum with special reference to earlier recognition of
      alimentary tract malignancy; secondary delayed re-entry of the abdomen in
      patients exhibiting lymph node involvement; subtotal primary excision of the
      colon; operation in obstruction.

PMID- 18143456
TI  - Combination pneumothorax-pneumoperitoneum.

PMID- 18143457
TI  - Common pain syndromes of the upper musculature; frequency and relation to
      occupation and age of patient, and to age, nature and site of various lesions.

PMID- 18143458
TI  - Malaria; with special reference to certain experimental, clinical, and
      chemotherapeutic investigations; the life cycle.

PMID- 18143459
TI  - Clinical value of pregnanediol assays.

PMID- 18143460
TI  - Vesico-bullous diseases affecting the eye.

PMID- 18143461
TI  - Studies in primary pleurisy with effusion.

PMID- 18143462
TI  - Aetiology of erythema nodosum in children.

PMID- 18143463
TI  - Incidence of signs usually connected with thyrotoxicosis with special reference
      to lid lag.

PMID- 18143464
TI  - Actinomycotic empyema.

PMID- 18143465
TI  - An extrarenal hypernephroma.

PMID- 18143466
TI  - A modified Waters apparatus for thoracic surgery.

PMID- 18143467
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143469
TI  - Recent advances in dermatologic therapy.

PMID- 18143468
TI  - Antibiotics in the treatment of diseases of the ear, nose and throat.

PMID- 18143470
TI  - Surgical problems in pediatrics.

PMID- 18143471
TI  - Studies of respiratory air flow; significance of the normal pneumotachogram.

PMID- 18143472
TI  - Histochemical studies on cartilage and bone; the normal pattern.

PMID- 18143473
TI  - Colonmetrographic studies of the effects of section of the parasympathetic nerves
      of the colon.

PMID- 18143474
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143475
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143476
TI  - Recent advances in our knowledge concerning the nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 18143477
TI  - Hypersplenism.

PMID- 18143478
TI  - Newer advances in gout.

PMID- 18143479
TI  - Nutritional aspects of anastomotic operations with special reference to the sprue
      syndrome.
AB  - Necessary but radical operation which results in short-circuits between various
      levels of the digestive tract, with or without resections of portions of the
      esophagus, stomach or intestine, frequently cures the condition for which the
      operation was done, but leaves the patient with difficult nutritional problems.
      These nutritional disturbances are usually associated with inability to maintain
      or gain weight as a result of badly regulated movement of food material through
      the altered digestive tract, and by the removal or diversion of important
      digestive secretions, such as those elaborated by the stomach, pancreas, duodenum
      and small bowel. Increased intestinal rate and diminished specific
      gastrointestinal secretions reduce the ability of the small bowel to properly
      absorb food, with resulting malnutrition, deficiency disease, and at times
      specific avitaminosis. Inability to absorb fat and fat-soluble substances is a
      constant feature of these conditions. Successful treatment of the nutritional
      problems involves constant, prolonged overfeeding of nonbulky foods, usually
      given in regular, frequently administered meals of small volume. Vitamin
      concentrates may occasionally be of some temporary assistance but are not needed
      if a balanced diet is given and may cause undesirable and sometimes dangerous
      symptoms. The use of supplemental substances, such as liver extract and a wetting
      agent, such as "Tween 80," to improve fat absorption have been demonstrated to be
      of value.The postoperative conditions described are fairly similar to the
      condition known as sprue, and it is possible that the general principles
      underlying the treatment of this disease apply to the entire group of post
      operative nutritional disturbances alluded to.

PMID- 18143480
TI  - Room-in for mothers and infants.

PMID- 18143481
TI  - Transurethral prostatectomies; a review of 560 cases.
AB  - Of 560 prostatectomies in an 11-year period on patients with benign or malignant
      disease of the prostate gland, almost 98 per cent were done transurethrally.
      Although many of the patients were considered to be in poor condition
      preoperatively, results achieved by the transurethral operation were excellent or
      good in 91 per cent of those who had benign disease of the prostate and in 84 per
      cent of those with malignant invasion. The rate of deaths attributable to the
      operation was 3.1 per cent in the group of patients with benign disease, 5.3 per
      cent in patients who had cancer.Complications, such as urinary incontinence,
      persistent pyuria, epididymitis, strictures of the urethra and of the meatus, and
      contracture of the neck of the bladder, arose in a surprising number of cases.

PMID- 18143482
TI  - Laryngospasm from the anesthesiologist's viewpoint.
AB  - Laryngeal spasm is a problem constantly confronting the anesthetist. It can be
      serious and may produce fatal cerebral or cardiac complications. Etiologic agents
      include primary vagal hypertonicity, anoxemia, and painful stimulation of
      whatever source. Laryngeal spasm must be differentiated from simple obstruction
      by the tongue or foreign bodies, epiglottic impaction, laryngeal edema, tracheal
      spasm and collapse, and bronchial spasm. Proper checking of the patient before
      anesthesia and adequate premedication with atropine or scopolamine are preventive
      measures of great value. Once spasm has developed the etiologic agent should be
      removed if possible. Other measures include intravenous administration of
      atropine or curare, tracheal intubation, and tracheotomy.

PMID- 18143483
TI  - The value of blood oxygen determinations.
AB  - The blood oxygen determination is of great value in the diagnosis of congenital
      cardiovascular anomalies, evaluation of the relative influence between pulmonary
      and cardiac diseases, study of blood pigments, and in many physiological
      investigations. The recent popularization of the intravascular catheter and the
      advent of accurate and simplified methods for determining blood oxygen content
      have enhanced the clinical usage of the determinations. The correct
      interpretation of the data with regard to the clinical status of the patient is
      most essential. While the blood oxygen value is merely a laboratory
      determination, proper employment of the findings may afford crucial information
      for the clinician.

PMID- 18143484
TI  - Cardiospasm.
AB  - Cardiospasm and megaesophagus are well known clinical and pathological entities
      but the cause remains obscure. Megaesophagus is probably congenital or
      developmental in origin. The majority of cases of cardiospasm can be successfully
      treated by forceful dilatation of the narrow area. Some cases of megaesophagus
      are best treated by a plastic surgical procedure which enlarges the esophageal
      gastric opening. Additional experience with this method is necessary before it
      can be correctly evaluated.

PMID- 18143485
TI  - Carcinoma of the breast; possible significance of menstrual cycle in results of
      operation.
AB  - Among 55 patients upon whom mastectomy was done for cancer of the breast,
      survival without evidence of metastasis (after varying periods of follow-up) was
      significantly higher for those who were operated upon in the seven days preceding
      the beginning of menses than it was for those who underwent operation in any of
      the three other seven-day periods in the menstrual cycle. Moreover, in a
      comparison of results of operations done in each of the four seven-day periods,
      there was a graduating increase in mortality and metastasis from the first period
      (the seven days preceding menses) through the fourth period. The results of the
      study of this small series are considered not conclusive but indicative of
      possible profit in studies of larger and better controlled series.

PMID- 18143486
TI  - Advances in plastic surgery.
AB  - The influence of the war period has been reflected in an active trend toward the
      conservation of time in the execution of reconstructive operations. The myriad
      improvements in the technique of tissue transplantation and the use of large
      flaps rather than tubed pedicles have been in keeping with this trend. The goal
      of the complete restoration of function and appearance applies not only to the
      correction of post-traumatic defects but also to the cosmetic repair of defects
      created by the surgical excision of malignant tumors and to correction of
      congenital anomalies.

PMID- 18143487
TI  - Interauricular septal defect.

PMID- 18143488
TI  - Delayed traumatic rupture of the spleen; report of two cases.

PMID- 18143489
TI  - The coronary vessels in the Bantu; a preliminary report on the coronary artery
      pattern in the adult Bantu.

PMID- 18143490
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143491
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143492
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143493
TI  - An investigation to determine the earliest age of sickle cell anaemia or sickle
      cell trait in the newborn.

PMID- 18143494
TI  - The repair of an extensive common duct defect by a vitallium tube used to bridge
      the gap.

PMID- 18143495
TI  - The physician's responsibility toward the hard-of-hearing and deafened.

PMID- 18143496
TI  - The psychiatrist's role at the Illinois Children's Hospital School.

PMID- 18143497
TI  - Acute infectious polyneuritis (Guillain-Barre syndrome) associated with
      methemoglobinemia possibly due to nitrates in drinking water.

PMID- 18143498
TI  - The relationship between polycythaemia vera and myeloid leukaemia; a critical
      review.

PMID- 18143499
TI  - Amino acid and B-vitamin supplementation between common foodstuffs in South
      Africa.

PMID- 18143500
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143501
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143502
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143503
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143504
TI  - Therapeutic uses of procaine administered intravenously.

PMID- 18143505
TI  - Psychosomatic aspects of arthritis and allied disorders.

PMID- 18143506
TI  - Palliative treatment of inoperable cancer.

PMID- 18143507
TI  - Bilateral breast cancer.

PMID- 18143508
TI  - Severe allergic reaction following penicillin.

PMID- 18143510
TI  - The cervical syndrome.

PMID- 18143509
TI  - Treatment of tuberculosis with streptomycin; a review of the cases at Cedar-crest
      Sanatorium, Hartford.

PMID- 18143511
TI  - History of medical ethics.

PMID- 18143512
TI  - Intensive therapy of syphilis.

PMID- 18143513
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143514
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143515
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143516
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143517
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143518
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143519
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143520
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143522
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143521
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143523
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143524
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143525
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143526
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143527
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143528
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143529
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143530
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143532
TI  - ATOMIC energy in clinical medicine.

PMID- 18143531
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143533
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143534
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143535
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143536
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143537
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143538
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143539
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143540
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143541
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143542
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143543
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143544
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143545
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143546
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143547
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143548
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143549
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143550
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143551
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143552
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143553
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143554
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143555
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143556
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143557
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143558
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143559
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143560
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143561
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143562
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143563
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143564
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143565
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143566
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143567
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143568
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143569
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143570
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143571
TI  - Management of the injured kidney.

PMID- 18143572
TI  - Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula; review of the literature and report of two
      cases.

PMID- 18143573
TI  - Diagnostic value of cardiac auscultation.

PMID- 18143574
TI  - Prophylactic (BCG) vaccination to control tuberculosis.

PMID- 18143575
TI  - Spontaneous nontraumatic subdural hematomas.

PMID- 18143576
TI  - Maternal and child welfare.

PMID- 18143577
TI  - Rural Maryland program for speech-hearing disorders.

PMID- 18143578
TI  - An integrated maternity, child health, and handicapped children's program.

PMID- 18143579
TI  - Colorado State program for care of premature infants.

PMID- 18143580
TI  - World Health Organization maternal and child health work.

PMID- 18143581
TI  - Maternal and child welfare in Sweden.

PMID- 18143582
TI  - MATERNAL and child health services in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

PMID- 18143583
TI  - Coronary artery disease.

PMID- 18143584
TI  - Formation of a bacterial toxin (streptolysin S) by resting cells.
AB  - The interaction of washed cocci, prepared under specified conditions, and a
      polynucleotide (AF) results in the formation of streptolysin S provided a
      fermentable carbohydrate is present. Maximum toxin formation requires, in
      addition, the presence of magnesium, potassium, and phosphate ions. Streptolysin
      S production proceeds anaerobically as well as aerobically but under the latter
      condition, apparently only if the system is sufficiently reducing. Temperature
      has a marked effect on the rate of appearance of toxin, the critical thermal
      increment having a value of approximately 36,000. The formation of streptolysin S
      is inhibited by mercuric ion, arsenite, iodoacetate, dinitrophenol, azide, and
      other enzyme poisons. The development of streptolysin S in resting cell systems
      depends neither upon autolysis nor upon physical extraction of preformed toxin
      but upon toxin synthesis. From the supernatant fluid of the resting cell system,
      a product containing 20,000 to 30,000 units of streptolysin S per mg. dry weight
      can be isolated. Information concerning the pH stability of the product is
      presented. The product is free of streptokinase, hyaluronidase, and proteinase,
      but possesses appreciable desoxyribonuclease activity. Chemical analyses and
      other findings indicate that polynucleotide and carbohydrate are present in major
      amount, and that a small but undetermined quantity of protein is present.
      Inactivation of streptolysin S by chymotrypsin, ficin, papain, or cathepsin, and
      not by a variety of other enzymes, indicates that protein is essential for
      activity, but the precise chemical composition of the toxin remains to be
      established.

PMID- 18143585
TI  - A resistant variant of mumps virus; multiplication of the variant in the presence
      of inhibitory quantities of Friedlander bacillus polysaccharide.
AB  - Serial passage of mumps virus in the presence of inhibitory quantities of the
      capsular polysaccharide of Friediander bacillus type B results in the appearance
      of a variant strain of the virus. Multiplication of the variant virus is not
      inhibited by the polysaccharide. A similar resistant variant is obtained with
      polysaccharide in a single cycle of multiplication when very large inocula of
      mumps virus are employed. The resistant variant is indistinguishable from the
      parent strain as to infectivity, reactivity with erythrocytes, and immunological
      properties, but appears to have a somewhat slower rate of multiplication. Serial
      passage of the resistant variant in the absence of polysaccharide results in the
      reappearance of a sensitive strain. It is suggested that mumps virus populations
      are inhomogeneous; that naturally occurring variants are present in such
      populations and possess distinctive properties; that the use of a chemical
      inhibitor of mumps virus multiplication makes possible the selection of a variant
      possessing a predictable property. The findings are discussed in relation to the
      mechanism of inhibition of mumps virus multiplication by polysaccharide.

PMID- 18143586
TI  - The stabilization of serum lipid emulsions by serum phospholipids.
AB  - Clarity of high lipid sera is closely correlated with elevated proportions of
      serum phospholipids, and lipemia (milkiness) with low proportions of
      phospholipids. Clear high lipid sera occur uniquely in obstructive jaundice, both
      intra- and extrahepatic in origin. Destruction of the polar nature of serum
      "lecithin" by enzymatic hydrolysis, using Cl. welchii lecithinase, results in a
      degree of lipemia which is linearly proportional to total lipid content in clear
      or lipemic high lipid or normal lipid sera. Even in grossly lipemic sera, a
      significant proportion of the serum lipids is masked in particles of invisible
      size. Enzymatic removal of the stabilizing properties of serum "lecithin" unmasks
      this hitherto invisible fraction. The concentration of serum phospholipids
      available for complex formation with serum proteins appears to be an important
      factor in determining particle size of serum lipids and hence of their occurrence
      in serum as masked or as visible particles. The implications of these findings
      for studies of the genesis of atheromatosis are discussed.

PMID- 18143587
TI  - The distribution and storage of blue antigenic azoproteins in the tissues of
      mice.
AB  - Intensely blue dye-azoproteins have been prepared by diazotization and coupling
      of the highly indiffusible blue dye T-1824, Evans blue, with various serum
      proteins and egg albumin. The products, whether purified by precipitation with
      alcohol or by chromatography, have a constant dye-to-protein ratio and tests have
      shown them to be essentially free from unlinked dye. An extremely diffusible dye,
      echt-saure-blau, has also been coupled to bovine gamma-globulin. These materials
      are adapted to physiological experimentation. They seem to behave in the bodies
      of mice like other proteins; they fail to appear in either the bile or urine of
      normal animals, and they are strongly antigenic. When these soluble antigenic
      azoproteins are injected into the blood stream of mice for the first time they
      enter reticulo-endothelial cells in almost every organ of the body; the final
      distribution is like that of intravenously injected, finely divided particulate
      matter. The azoproteins appear in the cells which classical immunological studies
      have shown to be active in removing particulate antigenic materials or bacteria
      from the blood or body fluids. The Kupffer cells of the liver and sinus and
      reticular cells in lymph nodes, especially the great mesenteric node, are
      particularly active in the removal of the blue antigens from the blood, but many
      other R-E cells are active to a lesser degree. The storage of the antigenic
      material is in the cytoplasm only; it has not been seen within nuclei, nor has it
      been seen within cells of the brain. Serological methods disclose that the blue
      material seen within Kupffer cells of the liver after as long a period as 2 days
      is still antigenic in its reactions. The blue azoproteins, therefore, serve
      excellently as tracer antigens, especially since they can be seen directly in
      fresh and fixed tissue preparations and in the body fluids.

PMID- 18143588
TI  - Protein metabolism and exchange as influenced by constriction of the vena cava;
      effects of parenterally administered plasma, amino acid mixture, and ascitic
      fluid, and of orally administered ascitic fluid in the experimental ascitic dog.
AB  - Further studies of ascitic fluid production and related factors in dogs with
      constriction of the vena cava above the diaphragm are reported. Whole dog plasma
      given intravenously to such animals produces a rise in circulating plasma protein
      to normal levels, but increases the output of ascitic fluid with a loss of
      protein via the ascites equivalent to 72, 76, and 65 per cent respectively, of
      the injected protein. Forced ingestion of water in excess of the test animal's
      normal needs and desires produces no significant changes in the circulating
      plasma protein level or in ascitic fluid production. Amino acid growth mixtures
      given intravenously in distilled water cause weight loss, elevation of
      circulating plasma proteins, a slightly negative nitrogen balance, but no ascitic
      fluid production. Amino acid growth mixtures given intravenously in normal saline
      cause depression of the circulating plasma proteins, negative nitrogen balance,
      and significant ascitic fluid production. Ascitic fluid given intravenously to
      the test animals causes a marked depression of circulating plasma proteins, a
      marked increase in ascitic fluid production containing the equivalent of 116 and
      98 per cent of the injected protein, and a negative nitrogen balance. Ascitic
      fluid given orally produces a marked depression of circulating plasma proteins,
      and a marked increase in ascitic fluid secretion, containing the equivalent of
      66, 66, and 54 per cent respectively, of the ingested protein. Sodium chloride is
      a dominant factor in some of these experiments where abundant ascites production
      is recorded. Protein levels and intake are important, but take second place to
      sodium. Ascitic fluids show electrophoretic patterns which are almost identical
      to the plasma patterns. The A/G ratios are often equal in ascitic fluid and
      plasma, sometimes even lower in the ascitic fluid. This emphasizes the ease with
      which globulins pass cell or other membrane barriers in these experiments.

PMID- 18143589
TI  - Bile salt metabolism as influenced by pure amino acids and casein digests.
AB  - A non-protein diet supplemented with vitamins fed to a bile fistula dog caused
      marked reduction in cholic acid and taurocholic acid formation. A mixture of pure
      amino acids, essential for growth, promoted taurocholic acid production for a
      limited period. A mixture of amino acids composed of 2 fractions of a casein
      digest fortified with dl-methionine and dl-tryptophane, (Merck Vuj-N-ix), also
      resulted in increased taurocholic acid excretion. A casein digest, Amigen,
      supported cholic acid production, but there was very low taurocholic acid
      excretion. Addition of methionine to the Amigen brought about increased
      taurocholic acid excretion with reduction in the amount of free cholic acid in
      the bile. A bile fistula animal was maintained for a year in excellent condition
      and produced bile salt on a non-protein diet supplemented by vitamins, Amigen,
      and methionine. Unhydrolyzed alcoholic filtrate of bile contained traces of
      taurine, valine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. Acid-hydrolyzed alcoholic
      filtrate of bile contained large amounts of taurine, and significant amounts of
      leucine, valine, alanine, glycine, serine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid.

PMID- 18143590
TI  - A labile component of normal serum which combines with various viruses;
      neutralization of infectivity and inhibition of hemagglutination by the
      component.
AB  - A labile component present in the serum of human beings, guinea pigs, and rabbits
      neutralizes the infectivity of mumps, Newcastle disease, influenza A and B
      viruses. The labile component of these sera and of mouse serum also inhibits
      hemagglutination of chicken RBC by these viruses. The component is inactivated by
      heating at 56 degrees C. for 30 minutes and upon storage at 4 degrees C. for
      periods longer than 2 weeks. The virus-neutralizing and hemagglutination
      inhibiting properties result from serum component-virus combination in the
      presence of calcium. The combination is stable, and does not undergo spontaneous
      dissociation. Partial separation of virus can be brought about by heating
      mixtures held for 24 hours or by removal of calcium ions with sodium citrate. The
      labile serum component appears to be distinct from hemolytic complement.

PMID- 18143591
TI  - Lymphatic contractility; a possible intrinsic mechanism of lymphatic vessels for
      the transport of lymph.
AB  - The most peripheral lymphatic vessels of rats, mice, and guinea pigs were found
      to possess a spontaneous intermittent contractility. (a) The rate of contraction
      was shown to be directly proportional to the rate of formation of lymph and
      contractions were apparently initiated by an increase in intraluminal pressure.
      (b) Epinephrine and pituitrin caused an increased contractile rate, or lymphatic
      spasm, whereas novocaine caused cessation of movement and lymphatic dilatation.
      (c) Section or electric stimulation of femoral and sciatic nerves did not alter
      the contractile rate of popliteal lymphatics. This spontaneous lymphatic
      contractility was not observed in rabbits and dogs although the lymphatic vessels
      did contract when irritated. Epinephrine, pituitrin, and novocaine produced the
      same effects as observed in the smaller mammals. Dilatation of lymphatic vessels
      produced by intradermal injection of fluid, massage, or passive motion was
      followed by a rapid return of the vessel to normal caliber. The frequency of
      valves in lymphatic vessels, the distensibility of the lymphatics, and their
      ability to return to normal caliber against an increased gradient of pressure are
      considered to be the essential elements of an intrinsic mechanism contributing to
      the transport of lymph.

PMID- 18143592
TI  - Toe pedicles in reconstruction of the forefoot.

PMID- 18143593
TI  - The present-day concept of adrenal cortical physiology with reference to the
      treatment of Addison's disease by glandular transplant.

PMID- 18143594
TI  - Isolated paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle; case report.

PMID- 18143595
TI  - Tinea capitis; a review of the problem.

PMID- 18143596
TI  - Blood coagulation in leucemia and polycythemia; value of the heparin clotting
      time and clot retraction rate.

PMID- 18143597
TI  - Studies on thrombocytopen; a reliable test for this principle in organ
      homogenates and in urine.

PMID- 18143598
TI  - The fibrinogen B test and intravascular thrombosis.

PMID- 18143599
TI  - Determination of prothrombin by the dilation method; stability and activity of
      human and bovine prothrombin-free plasma.

PMID- 18143600
TI  - Biologic studies with arsenic; the effect of arsenic 76 upon the clinical course
      of patients with tumors of the hematopoietic tissues.

PMID- 18143601
TI  - The use of radioactive silver for the detection of abscesses and tumors; the
      concentration of Ag111 in spontaneous and experimentally induced abscesses.

PMID- 18143602
TI  - The minimal sodium diet; a controlled study of its effect upon the blood pressure
      of ambulatory hypertensive subjects.

PMID- 18143603
TI  - Influence of various disease states upon the febrile response to intravenous
      injection of typhoid bacterial pyrogen; with particular reference to malaria and
      cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 18143604
TI  - The in vivo action of aureomycin on pleuropneumonia-like organisms associated
      with various rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 18143605
TI  - Sonic-vibrated leptospirae as antigens in the complement fixation test for the
      diagnosis of leptospirosis.

PMID- 18143606
TI  - Experimental vascular diseases due to desoxycorticosterone acetate and anterior
      pituitary extract; comparison of functional changes.

PMID- 18143607
TI  - Retrogression of atherosclerotic lesions on cessation of cholesterol feeding in
      the chick.

PMID- 18143608
TI  - The lack of effect of tween 80 on the adsorption of aluminum and sodium
      penicillins.

PMID- 18143609
TI  - Evaluation of a modified Sumner's method (dinitrosalicylic acid) for
      determination of glucose in urine.

PMID- 18143610
TI  - A simple method for determining sulfonamide sensitivity in vitro and its clinical
      application.

PMID- 18143611
TI  - A modified ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination
      of barbiturates.

PMID- 18143612
TI  - Fat determination in feces using Mojonnier extraction flasks.

PMID- 18143613
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143614
TI  - Chronic diseases of the thyroid.

PMID- 18143615
TI  - Some interpersonal factors in illness.

PMID- 18143616
TI  - Expectant treatment of benign prostatic enlargement.

PMID- 18143617
TI  - Menorrhagia of emotional origin.

PMID- 18143618
TI  - Tests for streptomycin sensitivity of tubercle bacilli in tween 80 albumin liquid
      medium.

PMID- 18143619
TI  - Louping-ill meningo-encephalitis; a further case and a serological survey.

PMID- 18143620
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation recorded 10 hours before death from myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 18143621
TI  - Combined intravenous cannula and needle.

PMID- 18143622
TI  - The long-stay patient.

PMID- 18143623
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143624
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143626
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143625
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143627
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143628
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143629
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143630
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143631
TI  - Some observations on anti-O agglutinins.

PMID- 18143632
TI  - Herpes zoster of the nervus chorda tympani with facial paralysis.

PMID- 18143633
TI  - Some observations on the 24 hour hyperaemia biological test for pregnancy.

PMID- 18143634
TI  - Some problems associated with the management of carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 18143635
TI  - Army catering, the fundamental basis of national wartime strategy and fighting
      efficiency.

PMID- 18143636
TI  - Cure of subacute bacterial endocarditis during pregnancy; report of a case.

PMID- 18143637
TI  - Atypical tuberculosis of the anus treated with streptomycin.

PMID- 18143639
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143638
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143640
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143641
TI  - The clinical diagnosis of plasma cell myeloma.

PMID- 18143642
TI  - Electroencephalography of the new born; resume of current status.

PMID- 18143643
TI  - Patent ductus arteriosus complicating pregnancy; report of a case.

PMID- 18143644
TI  - Tumor of ovary with ascites.

PMID- 18143645
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143646
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143647
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143648
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143649
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143650
TI  - Treatment of intussusception caused by invaginated Meckel's diverticulum; report
      of a case, with a review of experience in a community hospital.

PMID- 18143651
TI  - The treatment of snake-bite poisoning; a report of two cases involving the
      copperhead.

PMID- 18143652
TI  - Benign gastric ulcers occurring in the presence of achlorhydria; report of two
      cases.

PMID- 18143653
TI  - The effects of a single dose of 2000 units of protamine zinc insulin taken by a
      diabetic patient with suicidal intent.

PMID- 18143654
TI  - Lipoatrophy following the injection of insulin; a method of control.

PMID- 18143655
TI  - Measures used in the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.

PMID- 18143656
TI  - Ischemic necrosis of kidneys.

PMID- 18143658
TI  - Interpreting medicine for the layman.

PMID- 18143657
TI  - Prescription writing for patients with acne.

PMID- 18143659
TI  - Carcinoma of the stomach.

PMID- 18143660
TI  - Psychiatric problems in Nebraska's older people.

PMID- 18143661
TI  - Melanoma.

PMID- 18143662
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143663
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143664
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143665
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143666
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143667
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143668
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143669
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143670
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143671
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143672
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143673
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143674
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143675
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143676
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143677
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143678
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143679
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143681
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143680
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143682
TI  - The Physician's political responsibility.

PMID- 18143683
TI  - The treatment of Parkinsonism with artane.

PMID- 18143684
TI  - Aureomycin in primary atypical pneumonia; a controlled evaluation.

PMID- 18143685
TI  - Recent advances in gynecology; with emphasis on diagnosis and treatment of early
      cancer.

PMID- 18143686
TI  - Wandering spleen.

PMID- 18143687
TI  - The radiological picture of mycetoma; report of a case verified by biopsy.

PMID- 18143688
TI  - Optic neuritis from cold permanent wave.

PMID- 18143689
TI  - Thromballosis.

PMID- 18143690
TI  - A pre-sacral dermoid in a young adult male.

PMID- 18143691
TI  - The management of appendiceal abscesses.

PMID- 18143692
TI  - Acute cardiorespiratory failure; requirements for successful resuscitation.

PMID- 18143693
TI  - Contact-systemic penicillin reactions associated with oral and nasal inhalators.

PMID- 18143694
TI  - Subluxation of the head of the radius in children.

PMID- 18143695
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143696
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143697
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143698
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143699
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143700
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143701
TI  - Apple syrup in infant feeding; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18143702
TI  - Medical education as it relates to the cancer problem.

PMID- 18143703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143704
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143705
TI  - The treatment of exophthalmic goiter with radioiodine.

PMID- 18143706
TI  - Bronchostenosis of inflammatory, probably nonspecific origin.

PMID- 18143707
TI  - Disturbances in electrolyte metabolism of patients with nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 18143708
TI  - Painful conditions of the foot and ankle.

PMID- 18143709
TI  - Crystalline vitamin B12 in the treatment of megaloblastic anemias.

PMID- 18143710
TI  - The acute abdomen.

PMID- 18143711
TI  - Treatment of alcoholism.

PMID- 18143712
TI  - Advances in medicine.

PMID- 18143713
TI  - Advances in midwifery.

PMID- 18143714
TI  - Advances in the treatment of blood diseases.

PMID- 18143715
TI  - Advances in orthopaedics.

PMID- 18143716
TI  - Advances in the treatment of tuberculosis.

PMID- 18143717
TI  - Advances in the treatment of acute infectious diseases.

PMID- 18143718
TI  - Advances in nutrition.

PMID- 18143720
TI  - Flatulence and the use of carminatives.

PMID- 18143719
TI  - Pituitary adrenal function and rheumatic disease.

PMID- 18143721
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143722
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143723
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143724
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143726
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143727
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143728
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143729
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143730
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143731
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143732
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143733
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143734
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143735
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143736
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143737
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143738
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143741
TI  - [Acute limb ischaemia; new concepts].

PMID- 18143742
TI  - [The d-isochondrodendrine in the treatment of dysmenorrhea].

PMID- 18143743
TI  - [New contribution to the Galli-Mainini reaction].

PMID- 18143744
TI  - [Dermotrophic virus; the herpes zoster virus].

PMID- 18143745
TI  - [Food in Northeastern Brazil].

PMID- 18143746
TI  - [Jealousy].

PMID- 18143747
TI  - [Pulmonary tuberculosis and rest].

PMID- 18143748
TI  - [Abdominal Adipose syndrome after lobotomy].

PMID- 18143749
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143750
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143751
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143752
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143754
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143753
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143755
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143756
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143757
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143758
TI  - [The indication of testosterone propionate in Paget's disease].

PMID- 18143759
TI  - [Acute pulmonary edema].

PMID- 18143760
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143761
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143762
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143763
TI  - Blood transfusions and the production of circulatory overloading.

PMID- 18143764
TI  - Tuberculosis of joints and serous membranes; treatment with local alkalinization
      and streptomycin administration.

PMID- 18143765
TI  - Haematemesis from gastric ulcer in the herniated portion of a diaphragmatic
      herniation of the stomach.

PMID- 18143766
TI  - Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin.

PMID- 18143767
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143768
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143769
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143770
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143771
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143772
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143773
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143774
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143775
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143776
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143777
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143778
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143779
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143780
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143781
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143782
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143783
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143784
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143785
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143786
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143787
TI  - The role of low-dosage irradiation in selected cases of menstrual disorders.

PMID- 18143788
TI  - About alcoholism.

PMID- 18143789
TI  - Circular prolapse of female urethra; report of two cases.

PMID- 18143790
TI  - Fractures about the base of the first metacarpal with special reference to
      Bennett's fracture.

PMID- 18143791
TI  - Cholecystocolic fistula; a review and case report.

PMID- 18143792
TI  - Anticoagulant therapy and cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 18143793
TI  - Psychosomatic factors in dermatology.

PMID- 18143794
TI  - Porphyria.

PMID- 18143795
TI  - Bromide intoxication; report of 36 cases.

PMID- 18143796
TI  - Treatment of Bancroftian filariasis with hetrazan in Puerto Cabello, Venezuela.

PMID- 18143797
TI  - Prolonged interval dosage of aqueous penicillin in surgical infections.

PMID- 18143798
TI  - Typhoid fever treated with aureomycin and chloramphenicol.

PMID- 18143799
TI  - The treatment of gonorrhea with chloramphenicol.

PMID- 18143800
TI  - Studies on chloramphenicol in early syphilis and gonorrhea; preliminary report.

PMID- 18143801
TI  - Further studies with pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone.

PMID- 18143802
TI  - Fatality following tridione.

PMID- 18143803
TI  - Art and artifice in histologic science.

PMID- 18143804
TI  - Enteric pathogens isolated from children in San Antonio.

PMID- 18143805
TI  - Isolation of three Salmonella types from one case of salmonellosis.

PMID- 18143806
TI  - The precipitating action of ethanol and acetone upon egg albumin.

PMID- 18143807
TI  - The effect of substances known to influence the activity of the nervous system on
      fiber outgrowth from living embryonic chick spinal cords.

PMID- 18143808
TI  - Delayed action of urethane producing diverse tumors in mice.

PMID- 18143810
TI  - A technique for the hypophysectomy of the snake.

PMID- 18143809
TI  - Correlation studies on prostatic fluid, prostatic tissue and the testis with
      histopathological, Papanicolaou smear and tissue culture technique.

PMID- 18143811
TI  - Serum para-aminosalicylic acid following oral ingestion in children.

PMID- 18143812
TI  - Present status of treatment of severe burns.

PMID- 18143813
TI  - A study of intrarenal pressure.

PMID- 18143814
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143815
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143816
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143817
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143818
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143819
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143821
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143820
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143822
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143823
TI  - The future of medicine in Virginia.

PMID- 18143824
TI  - Meningitis in infancy.

PMID- 18143825
TI  - Pre-operative study of the malformed nose.

PMID- 18143826
TI  - Optochiasmatic arachnoiditis; report of a case.

PMID- 18143827
TI  - The treatment of bacterial endocarditis; review of 12 cases.

PMID- 18143828
TI  - The treatment of post thrombophlebitic sequelae in the lower extremities.

PMID- 18143829
TI  - Emphysema in anthracosilicosis.

PMID- 18143830
TI  - The clinical evaluation of disability anthracosilicosis.

PMID- 18143831
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143832
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143833
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143835
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143834
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143836
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143837
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143838
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143839
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143840
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143841
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143842
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143844
TI  - Rheumatic fever as a public health problem which should be a reportable disease.

PMID- 18143843
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143845
TI  - The role of the surgeon in the management of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18143846
TI  - Coexisting intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy.

PMID- 18143847
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis complicated by jaundice and pain over McBurney's ponts.

PMID- 18143849
TI  - Motion sickness.

PMID- 18143848
TI  - Histoplasmin, coccidioidin, and tuberculin reactions in children with pulmonary
      calcifications in Milwaukee.

PMID- 18143850
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143851
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143852
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143853
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143854
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143855
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143856
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143857
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143858
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143859
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143860
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143861
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143862
TI  - The accident-prone automobile driver; a study of the psychiatric and social
      background.

PMID- 18143863
TI  - The family environment of schizophrenic patients.

PMID- 18143864
TI  - The dynamics of psychotherapy; an eclectic point of view.

PMID- 18143865
TI  - The use of electroshock therapy in treating psychiatric patients with associated
      pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18143866
TI  - Philosophy and methodology in the training of 500 psychiatric residents.

PMID- 18143867
TI  - W., W. The Society of Alcoholics Anonymous.

PMID- 18143868
TI  - Some oriental mental hospitals.

PMID- 18143869
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143870
TI  - Applied hodology of the sympathetic trunk.

PMID- 18143871
TI  - The treatment of motor disturbances.

PMID- 18143872
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143873
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143874
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143875
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143876
TI  - [Medical schools reform].

PMID- 18143877
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143878
TI  - The anxiety state from the layman's viewpoint.

PMID- 18143879
TI  - Electrocardiographic changes in patients receiving tetraethylammonium chloride
      intravenously.

PMID- 18143880
TI  - Unusual strangulated hernias in infants.

PMID- 18143881
TI  - Transitory pulmonary infiltration; Loeffler's syndrome.

PMID- 18143882
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143883
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143884
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143885
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143886
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143887
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143888
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143889
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143890
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143891
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143892
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143894
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143893
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143895
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143896
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143897
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143898
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143899
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143900
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143901
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143902
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143903
TI  - A comparative analysis and limitations of pseudo-isochromatic tests for color
      vision testing.

PMID- 18143904
TI  - A study of vision programs in industry.

PMID- 18143905
TI  - Surgery at the base of the tongue by transpharyngeal approach.

PMID- 18143906
TI  - Some suggestions for speech reception testing.

PMID- 18143907
TI  - Virus vaccine immunization against the common cold.

PMID- 18143908
TI  - Use of radium in treatment of hypertrophic lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx.

PMID- 18143909
TI  - Tinnitus aurium in otosclerosis.

PMID- 18143910
TI  - Abscess of the brain following tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

PMID- 18143911
TI  - Osteoma of the tongue.

PMID- 18143912
TI  - Recurring mastoiditis, meningitis and abscess of right temporosphenoid lobe.

PMID- 18143913
TI  - Unusual malformation of the left atrium; pulmonary sinus.

PMID- 18143914
TI  - Apical pneumonic scars.

PMID- 18143915
TI  - Severe adrenal cortical atrophy (cytotoxic) and hepatic damage produced in dogs
      by feeding 2,2-bis(parachlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane (DDD or TDE).

PMID- 18143917
TI  - Cardiac hypertrophy in experimental arteriovenous fistula.

PMID- 18143916
TI  - Hepatic lesions produced by lead in rats fed a high fat diet.

PMID- 18143918
TI  - Unusual forms of Blastomyces dermatitidis in human tissues.

PMID- 18143919
TI  - Virus-like globules in cancer extracts; electron-microscopic studies of 30 human
      tumors.

PMID- 18143920
TI  - Lead poisoning diagnosed by the presence of nuclear acid-fast inclusion bodies in
      kidney and liver.

PMID- 18143921
TI  - Histogenesis of basal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 18143922
TI  - The syndromes of the cerebral arteries.

PMID- 18143923
TI  - Hydrolysed casein for parenteral administration to infants.

PMID- 18143924
TI  - Oral penicillin in the newborn.

PMID- 18143925
TI  - Urea clearance in the immediate post-natal period.

PMID- 18143926
TI  - A case of congenital idiopathic hypertrophy of the heart.

PMID- 18143927
TI  - Thrush in infancy.

PMID- 18143928
TI  - Congenital malformations in one of monozygotic twins.

PMID- 18143930
TI  - Tetralogy of Fallot; analysis of 41 cases of patients treated surgically at the
      University of Minnesota Hospitals.

PMID- 18143929
TI  - Polyarteritis in childhood.

PMID- 18143931
TI  - A case of tetralogy of Fallot with a patent foramen ovale (pentalogy) showing a
      marked left ventricular hypertrophy and left axis deviation.

PMID- 18143932
TI  - The use of carob flour in the treatment of diarrhea in infant and children.

PMID- 18143933
TI  - Febrile convulsions in childhood; their relationship to adult epilepsy.

PMID- 18143934
TI  - Evaluation of the Coombs test in congenital hemolytic disease of the newborn
      infant.

PMID- 18143935
TI  - The treatment of pruritus from chicken pox with pyribenzamine.

PMID- 18143936
TI  - The treatment of poliomyelitis with phenosulfazole.

PMID- 18143937
TI  - Subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint, sequel to inflammatory processes of the
      neck.

PMID- 18143938
TI  - Lipoid nephrosis complicated by homologous serum jaundice.

PMID- 18143939
TI  - The cephalin-cholesterol flocculation test in infants and children; with
      evaluation of a microtechnique.

PMID- 18143940
TI  - A method for the removal of nitrates from water prior to use in infant formula.

PMID- 18143941
TI  - Sublingual hematoma as an unusual complication of hemophilia.

PMID- 18143942
TI  - Acute infectious lymphocytosis.

PMID- 18143943
TI  - Serious toxic reaction associated with administration of BAL.

PMID- 18143944
TI  - Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula; successful operation.

PMID- 18143946
TI  - Emotional deprivation in infants.

PMID- 18143945
TI  - Incomplete rotation of intestines with duodenal obstruction.

PMID- 18143947
TI  - Chemoprophylaxis with chloramphenicol in scrub typhus.

PMID- 18143948
TI  - Investigations into atropine metabolism in the animal organism.

PMID- 18143949
TI  - Toxicity of colchicine, pilocarpine and veratrine.

PMID- 18143950
TI  - Fluorimetric determination of adrenaline in blood; the chemical constitution of
      adrenolutine (the fluorescent oxidation product of adrenaline).

PMID- 18143951
TI  - Poisoning by diethylparanitrophenylthiophosphate.

PMID- 18143952
TI  - Arsenic contents of human organs after fatal poisoning with arsenic trioxide and
      other arsenical compounds, with some remarks on the manifestations of arsenic
      poisoning.

PMID- 18143953
TI  - The influence of oxygen tension on the production of erythrocytes in vitro.

PMID- 18143954
TI  - The effect on acid-base balance of anesthesia combined with renal insufficiency.

PMID- 18143955
TI  - Cellophane for ultrafiltration.

PMID- 18143956
TI  - Formation of acetaldehyde in the organism in relation to dosage of antabuse
      (tetraethylthiuramdisulphide) and to alcohol-concentration in blood.

PMID- 18143957
TI  - Methyl coumarins.

PMID- 18143958
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143959
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143960
TI  - World population and world food supplies.

PMID- 18143961
TI  - Compressed tablets; resistance to wear and tear.

PMID- 18143962
TI  - Pharmaceutical research.

PMID- 18143963
TI  - Isolation and identification of beetle fragments from powdered vegetable drugs.

PMID- 18143964
TI  - DISPENSING of oils; a new design of bottle.

PMID- 18143965
TI  - The influence of training in perceptual span and perceptual speed upon reading
      ability.

PMID- 18143966
TI  - Some significant correlates of love and family attitudes and behavior.

PMID- 18143967
TI  - A fetishistic theory of amorous fixation.

PMID- 18143968
TI  - The effect of adjustment patterns upon the intercorrelation of intelligence
      subtest variables.

PMID- 18143969
TI  - A phylogenetic theory of wit and humor.

PMID- 18143970
TI  - Some sectional differences among Negro and white illiterate soldiers.

PMID- 18143971
TI  - The development of internationist attitudes; the literature and a point of view.

PMID- 18143972
TI  - Concealment of age among psychologists; evidence for a popular stereotype.

PMID- 18143974
TI  - Three items of personality; popularity, nicknames, and homesickness.

PMID- 18143973
TI  - Growth of tradition in a Southern Negro family.

PMID- 18143975
TI  - The effect of recent social legislation on the welfare of women and children.

PMID- 18143976
TI  - The disinsectisation of aircraft; recent progress of work in the United Kingdom
      and Colonies.

PMID- 18143977
TI  - A suggested scheme for smallpox treatment.

PMID- 18143978
TI  - The treatment of experimental infection with Brucella abortus in guineapigs,
      including a trial of aureomycin.

PMID- 18143979
TI  - The concept of multiphasic screening.

PMID- 18143980
TI  - Undergraduate sanitary engineering training in the United States.

PMID- 18143981
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143982
TI  - Diagnosis of congenital heart disease by ordinary methods.

PMID- 18143983
TI  - Conventional roentgenography in the diagnosis of cardiovascular anomalies.

PMID- 18143984
TI  - The conventional roentgen examination in operable congenital heart disease.

PMID- 18143985
TI  - Some clinical applications of electrokymography; the findings in myocardial
      infarction and heart block.

PMID- 18143986
TI  - Angiocardiographic interpretation.

PMID- 18143987
TI  - The action of steroid hormones in mammary cancer.

PMID- 18143988
TI  - Nephrography; experimental and clinical observations.

PMID- 18143989
TI  - Roentgen examination of the hip in Legg-Perthes' disease.

PMID- 18143990
TI  - Sodium tetraiodophthalicfluorescein for intravenous cholecystography.

PMID- 18143991
TI  - Cholecystocolic fistula.

PMID- 18143992
TI  - Diaphragmatic herniation of the kidney; case report.

PMID- 18143993
TI  - A survey of scattered radiation from fluoroscopic units in 15 institutions.

PMID- 18143994
TI  - Hand timer for spot-film work.

PMID- 18143995
TI  - The aetiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis; a review
      of 110 cases.

PMID- 18143996
TI  - Acute subdural and extradural haematoma in closed head injuries.

PMID- 18143997
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143998
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18143999
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144000
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144001
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144002
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144003
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144004
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144005
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144006
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144007
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144008
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144009
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144011
TI  - Surgical treatment of elephantiasis of the lower extremities.

PMID- 18144010
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144012
TI  - Expeditious use of direct flaps in extremity repairs.

PMID- 18144013
TI  - Results of early treatment of congenital anophthalmos.

PMID- 18144014
TI  - Congenital absence of the pectoral muscle and syndactylism; a deformity
      association sometimes overlooked.

PMID- 18144015
TI  - Fate of autogenous rib cartilage transplanted into the nose.

PMID- 18144016
TI  - Benign hyperplasia of the mandibular condyle; report of an additional case, with
      suggestion for simplified operative technique.

PMID- 18144017
TI  - Plastic surgery; physiognomy and psychoanalysis.

PMID- 18144018
TI  - Reconstruction of the penis with split-thickness skin graft; a case of gangrene
      following circumcision for acute balanitis.

PMID- 18144019
TI  - Multiple needle tattoos of the face.

PMID- 18144020
TI  - [Correction of cicatricial ectropion with a graft placed in a artificially
      hyperextended area].

PMID- 18144021
TI  - [Carcinoid of the appendix].

PMID- 18144022
TI  - [Penetrating wounds of the rectum].

PMID- 18144023
TI  - Somatic pain produced by fibrolipomatous nodules simulating urinary tract
      pathology.

PMID- 18144024
TI  - Meckel's diverticulum; report of 30 cases.

PMID- 18144025
TI  - Carcinoma at the confluence of the hepatic bile ducts; a case report.

PMID- 18144026
TI  - An experience with the peritoneal-button operation for ascites.

PMID- 18144027
TI  - Observations on a method for thoracolumbar sympathectomy.

PMID- 18144028
TI  - Reconstructive surgery of congenital and traumatic deformities of the face.

PMID- 18144029
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

PMID- 18144030
TI  - Management of traumatic perforation and constrictive kinking in a postlithotomy
      ureter; presentation of a case.

PMID- 18144031
TI  - What should the general surgeon do with his prostatic patient?

PMID- 18144032
TI  - Experimental ascites; effects of sodium chloride and protein intake on protein
      metabolism of dogs with constricted inferior vena cava.

PMID- 18144033
TI  - The postphlebitic leg; results with femoral vein interruption.

PMID- 18144034
TI  - The endometrium in old age.

PMID- 18144035
TI  - Fluorescein as an adjunct in the treatment of radionecrotic ulcers.

PMID- 18144036
TI  - The use of urecholine in the prevention of postoperative distention.

PMID- 18144037
TI  - A comparison of pain produced experimentally in lower esophagus, common bile
      duct, and upper small intestine with pain experienced by patients with diseases
      of biliary tract and pancreas.

PMID- 18144038
TI  - The local and systemic effects of chronic ulcerations.

PMID- 18144039
TI  - The regional lymph node dissection in cancer of the extremities.

PMID- 18144040
TI  - Transthoracic nephrectomy (right) for tuberculosis of the kidney.

PMID- 18144041
TI  - The use of free peritoneal grafts in intestinal anastomoses.

PMID- 18144042
TI  - The effect of intramedullary nailing on the healing of fractures; an experimental
      study.

PMID- 18144043
TI  - Histochemical studies on glycogen in carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri.

PMID- 18144044
TI  - Simultaneous prostatectomy and inguinal herniorrhaphy.

PMID- 18144045
TI  - Some aspects of the development of intrathoracic surgery.

PMID- 18144046
TI  - A simplified treatment of ingrown toenail.

PMID- 18144047
TI  - The production and prevention of thrombosis and embolism.

PMID- 18144048
TI  - [Skin changes in ariboflovinosis].

PMID- 18144049
TI  - [Cases of erythroleukemia].

PMID- 18144050
TI  - [Recent problems in nonbacterial pyuria].

PMID- 18144051
TI  - [Urethane treatment of leukemia].

PMID- 18144052
TI  - [Limited experience in the use of phthalyl-sulfathiazole].

PMID- 18144053
TI  - [A case of esophageal stenosis of possible syphilic origin].

PMID- 18144054
TI  - [Cystine treatment of the vomiting of pregnancy].

PMID- 18144055
TI  - [Penicillin iontophoresis].

PMID- 18144056
TI  - [Infiltration shadows in the region of the hilus pulmonis].

PMID- 18144057
TI  - The Chagas' disease of Uruguay.

PMID- 18144058
TI  - The nation-wide campaign against malaria in Venezuela.

PMID- 18144059
TI  - Iron intake in North-West India.

PMID- 18144060
TI  - Stomach function in post-dysenteric debility.

PMID- 18144061
TI  - Observations on the isolated gut of the mosquito.

PMID- 18144062
TI  - The possibility of a negative phase following B.C.G. vaccination.

PMID- 18144064
TI  - Studies on the chemotherapy of tuberculosis.

PMID- 18144063
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144065
TI  - Procaine penicillin in infants and children.

PMID- 18144066
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144067
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144068
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144069
TI  - Tenacity of tuberculin and tubercle bacillus allergy.

PMID- 18144070
TI  - A modified Trambusti tuberculin test.

PMID- 18144071
TI  - The tuberculin reaction in calcification of the lungs.

PMID- 18144072
TI  - Photofluorographic survey in Athens and Salonica.

PMID- 18144073
TI  - Thoracoplastic treatment of empyema cavities in tuberculous patients.

PMID- 18144074
TI  - Tuberculous infection from dogs.

PMID- 18144075
TI  - Regression of the hilar density in primary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18144076
TI  - Calmette vaccination in the municipality Copenhagen.

PMID- 18144078
TI  - Etiology and management of renal lithiasis.

PMID- 18144077
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144079
TI  - The atrophic kidney and hypertension.

PMID- 18144080
TI  - Unilateral malignant nephrosclerosis.

PMID- 18144081
TI  - Lymphosarcoma of the kidney; case report.

PMID- 18144082
TI  - High renal ectopy; a case report.

PMID- 18144083
TI  - Papillary epitheliomas in each ureter and in the bladder.

PMID- 18144084
TI  - A new method of ureterosigmoidostomy.

PMID- 18144085
TI  - Endometriosis of the bladder.

PMID- 18144086
TI  - Some observations on the technique of transurethral prostatic resection.

PMID- 18144087
TI  - Prostatic infarction.

PMID- 18144088
TI  - Elevation of serum acid phosphatase following prostatic massage.

PMID- 18144089
TI  - A perineal prostatectomy table.

PMID- 18144091
TI  - Chronic trichomonas skeneitis.

PMID- 18144090
TI  - Diverticula of the female urethra; report of four cases, one containing a
      calculus.

PMID- 18144092
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the male urethra; report of two cases.

PMID- 18144093
TI  - Traumatic avulsion of the skin of penis and scrotum.

PMID- 18144094
TI  - The permeability of Colles' fascia for urine.

PMID- 18144095
TI  - A re-investigation of Colles' and Buck's fasciae in the male.

PMID- 18144096
TI  - Use of polymyxin in gram negative urinary tract infections.

PMID- 18144097
TI  - Chloromycetin in the successful treatment of recurring epididymitis.

PMID- 18144098
TI  - Bacterial endocarditis following surgery; particularly surgery of the urinary
      tract.

PMID- 18144099
TI  - Blood volume determinations in the urological patient; an adjunct in preoperative
      and post-operative management.

PMID- 18144100
TI  - Clinical evaluation of a bactericidal detergent for hand preparation in urologic
      practice.

PMID- 18144101
TI  - The sedimentation rate in mumps epididymo-orchitis.

PMID- 18144102
TI  - Clinical application in urological surgery of a new concept of the physico
      chemistry of pathological lesions.

PMID- 18144103
TI  - New York City moves against VD.

PMID- 18144104
TI  - Treponemal immobilization test of normal and syphilitic serums.

PMID- 18144105
TI  - Penicillin in the treatment of early syphilis; 639 patients treated with
      2,400,000 units of sodium penicillin in 7 1/2 days.

PMID- 18144106
TI  - The effect of temperature variants on quantitative turbidimetric determinations
      of spinal fluid protein, using trichloracetic acid.

PMID- 18144108
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144107
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144109
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144110
TI  - Complications and results of induction of labour.

PMID- 18144111
TI  - Personal errors in gynaecology.

PMID- 18144112
TI  - Osteoarthritis of the hip; treatment by physical measures.

PMID- 18144113
TI  - Osteoarthritis of the hip; surgical treatment.

PMID- 18144114
TI  - The epidemiology of primary herpes simplex infection.

PMID- 18144115
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144116
TI  - Emphysema; the radiological aspects.

PMID- 18144117
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144118
TI  - Neurology, undergraduate teaching and clinical practice.

PMID- 18144119
TI  - Placenta previa; a 12-year study.

PMID- 18144120
TI  - The psychosomatic status; gastroduodenal ulcer and vagotomy.

PMID- 18144121
TI  - Papaverine in epilepsy.

PMID- 18144122
TI  - A gastrostomy technic adapted to the contracted stomach.

PMID- 18144123
TI  - Regional enteritis.

PMID- 18144124
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144125
TI  - Improved autotransfusion.

PMID- 18144126
TI  - Adiposis dolorosa; with report of a case.

PMID- 18144127
TI  - General semantics and the practice of medicine.

PMID- 18144129
TI  - The bacteriology of food poisoning.

PMID- 18144128
TI  - The medical practitioner and our nutrition problems.

PMID- 18144130
TI  - Investigation of an outbreak of food poisoning.

PMID- 18144131
TI  - The domestic food poisoning problem.

PMID- 18144132
TI  - The present status of the treatment of thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 18144133
TI  - Early recognition of cancer of the rectum.

PMID- 18144134
TI  - Penicillin in the treatment of infections of the nose and sinuses.

PMID- 18144135
TI  - Jaundice in the new-born baby.

PMID- 18144136
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144137
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144138
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144139
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144140
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144141
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144142
TI  - Cutaneous manifestation of a traveling needle.

PMID- 18144143
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144144
TI  - [Intracranial hypertension syndrome, diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 18144145
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144146
TI  - An analysis of maternal mortality in the city of Charlotte and county of
      Mecklenburg for the 10-year period 1938-1947.

PMID- 18144147
TI  - The use of the venous catheter in the study of pulmonary disease.

PMID- 18144148
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma simulating stasis ulcers of the legs; a report of two cases.

PMID- 18144149
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144150
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144151
TI  - HYDRONEPHROSIS.

PMID- 18144152
TI  - Experiences with the marrow nail operation according to the principles of
      Keuntscher.

PMID- 18144153
TI  - Myocardial infarction at the age of 21; report of a case.

PMID- 18144154
TI  - Scleredema adultorum; report of a case.

PMID- 18144155
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the liver (hepatoma).

PMID- 18144156
TI  - Prolapse of male genitalia in frank breach presentation; a case report.

PMID- 18144157
TI  - Scoliosis as a manifestation of disease of the cervicothoracic portion of the
      spinal cord.

PMID- 18144158
TI  - Mechanisms for the spread of epileptic activity of the brain.

PMID- 18144159
TI  - The neuropharmacology of antiepileptics.

PMID- 18144160
TI  - An automatic electrode combination selector switch.

PMID- 18144162
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144161
TI  - A method of analysis of seizure pattern and electroencephalogram; a
      cinematographic technique.

PMID- 18144163
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144164
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144165
TI  - Attempted suicide; then what?

PMID- 18144166
TI  - The patient with atropic arthritis.

PMID- 18144167
TI  - Erythroblastosis foetalis.

PMID- 18144168
TI  - Feed a fever.

PMID- 18144169
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144170
TI  - The non-surgical treatment of glaucoma with report of case.

PMID- 18144171
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144172
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144173
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144174
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144175
TI  - Effects of folic acid deficiency and a folic acid antagonist on chicks.

PMID- 18144176
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144177
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144178
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144179
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144180
TI  - [Streptomycin therapy in tuberculous meningitis].

PMID- 18144181
TI  - [para-Aminosalicylic acid and tuberculosis].

PMID- 18144182
TI  - AMOBARBITAL elixir.

PMID- 18144183
TI  - CHONDRUS extract.

PMID- 18144184
TI  - DEHYDROCHOLIC acid.

PMID- 18144185
TI  - VISCOSITY of methylcellulose.

PMID- 18144186
TI  - METHOXYL determination.

PMID- 18144187
TI  - RUTIN.

PMID- 18144188
TI  - The structure of gamma-sugars; the synthesis of a furanose, a 6-methylketohexose.

PMID- 18144189
TI  - An apparatus for semi-micro crystallisation.

PMID- 18144190
TI  - The occurrence of citric acid in the shell substance of eggs of chickens ducks
      and geese.

PMID- 18144191
TI  - Studies on intercellular cohesion in corneal epithelium; methods, effects of
      proteolytic enzymes, salts, hydrogen ion concentration, and polar-nonpolar
      substances.

PMID- 18144194
TI  - Personal preference differences among occupational groups.

PMID- 18144195
TI  - The retention of methallyl chloride and methyl bromide by fumigated grain.

PMID- 18144196
TI  - The warmth of floors; a physical study.

PMID- 18144197
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144198
TI  - Note on the estimation of the bispinous diameter in pelvimetry.

PMID- 18144199
TI  - A radon purification apparatus.

PMID- 18144200
TI  - A note on tangenital irradiation without the use of bolus packing.

PMID- 18144201
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144202
TI  - A contribution to the knowledge of primary genital tuberculosis with a venereal
      basis.

PMID- 18144203
TI  - Does any genetic connection exist between pyloric hypertrophy in infants and in
      adults?

PMID- 18144204
TI  - Mesothelioma of the peritoneum; report of a case and review of the literature.

PMID- 18144205
TI  - Post-operative biliary fistula; description of a new reconstructive operation.

PMID- 18144206
TI  - Immediate skin-graft in radical mastectomy; a plea for a more frequent adoption
      of this method.

PMID- 18144207
TI  - Mediastinal cysts of gastric origin; report of a case.

PMID- 18144208
TI  - Bilateral aplasia of the vas deferens.

PMID- 18144209
TI  - A case of benign hepatoma.

PMID- 18144210
TI  - Diffuse sarcoma of the peritoneum.

PMID- 18144211
TI  - Perforation of carcinoma of the stomach into the general peritoneal cavity.

PMID- 18144212
TI  - Fatal haemorrhage into a perirenal liposarcoma.

PMID- 18144213
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144214
TI  - Technic of exposing the facial nerve as an aid to surgery of the parotid gland.

PMID- 18144215
TI  - The technic of total pneumonectomy.

PMID- 18144216
TI  - Technic of splenectomy.

PMID- 18144217
TI  - Partial gastric resection for peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18144218
TI  - The repair of inguinal hernias.

PMID- 18144219
TI  - Primary resection of the colon.

PMID- 18144220
TI  - Presacral neurectomy.

PMID- 18144221
TI  - Treatment of hemorrhoids.

PMID- 18144222
TI  - The surgical treatment of fractures of the lateral tibial condyle.

PMID- 18144223
TI  - Technic of spinal anesthesia.

PMID- 18144224
TI  - [Injury of the left shoulder girdle, complicated by gas phlegmon].

PMID- 18144225
TI  - When your client needs a hearing aid.

PMID- 18144226
TI  - The need for physical therapy in postpartum care.

PMID- 18144228
TI  - Scleroma (rhinoscleroma).

PMID- 18144227
TI  - The incidence of schistosomiasis in south central Africa.

PMID- 18144229
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144230
TI  - Ambulatory treatment of granuloma inguinale with streptomycin.

PMID- 18144233
TI  - Some host relationships of Long Island ticks.

PMID- 18144234
TI  - The toxicity of DDT deposits as influenced by sunlight.

PMID- 18144235
TI  - The mammary tumor milk agent given to adult female mice following splenectomy and
      vital staining.

PMID- 18144236
TI  - Amino acids in epidermal carcinogenesis in mice.

PMID- 18144237
TI  - Preparation of a radioactive iodotetrazolium salt and its distribution in mice.

PMID- 18144238
TI  - Investigations of vicilin and legumin.

PMID- 18144239
TI  - Studies on liver arginase; on its crystallization by Bach.

PMID- 18144240
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144241
TI  - On the action of Bacillus macerans amylase.

PMID- 18144243
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144242
TI  - Introduction of substituents in the aromatic nucleus; exploration of its
      mechanism by means of isotopic hydrogen.

PMID- 18144244
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144246
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144245
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144247
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144248
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144249
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144250
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144252
TI  - A provisional standard observer for low level photometry.

PMID- 18144251
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144253
TI  - Resolving power limitations of grating and prism spectrometers.

PMID- 18144254
TI  - Electroorganic reductions; the effect of dielectric constant of the solvent.

PMID- 18144255
TI  - The vapor pressure of nitrosyl chloride.

PMID- 18144257
TI  - A technique for mandibular impression.

PMID- 18144256
TI  - A theory of viscous deformation in polymers; the volume and surface cohesional
      energy of the basic moving aggregate.

PMID- 18144258
TI  - Oral haemorrhage.

PMID- 18144259
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144260
TI  - PSYCHOSOMATIC sleep in dentistry; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18144261
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144262
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144263
TI  - The effect of certain hyperkinemics on the blood flow through the skin.

PMID- 18144264
TI  - Some histological methods.

PMID- 18144266
TI  - Methods of washing glassware.

PMID- 18144265
TI  - The simple diluent for enumeration of erythrocytes.

PMID- 18144267
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144268
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144269
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144270
TI  - Complete obstruction of the common bile duct due to chronic pancreatitis; a
      report of an unusual case including nine operations with recovery of the patient.

PMID- 18144271
TI  - Psychiatric testimony for the impeachment of witnesses in sex cases.

PMID- 18144272
TI  - Admissibility of scientific evidence of alcoholic intoxication where specimen of
      blood obtained without defendant's knowledge.

PMID- 18144273
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144274
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144275
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144276
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144277
TI  - Foetal haemoglobin.

PMID- 18144278
TI  - Influence of desoxycorticosterone on glycogen formation and glucose uptake of
      isolated muscle.

PMID- 18144279
TI  - Free amino acids in the haemolymph of Calliphora erythrocephala Meigen.

PMID- 18144280
TI  - Molecular weight determination on thymonucleic acid compounds by dielectric
      measurements.

PMID- 18144281
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144283
TI  - X-ray diffraction in research.

PMID- 18144284
TI  - Vegetable sources of essential oils.

PMID- 18144282
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144285
TI  - Use of statistical inequalities in polymer research.

PMID- 18144286
TI  - Interaction of factors affecting wing length in Habrobracon.

PMID- 18144287
TI  - Genom analysis in amphidiploids; a new method of allocating genes to their
      correct subgenoms.

PMID- 18144288
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144289
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144290
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144291
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144292
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144293
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144294
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144295
TI  - [Treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum].

PMID- 18144296
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144298
TI  - The care of polio patients is a job for the general hospital.

PMID- 18144297
TI  - Should the cancer patient be told?

PMID- 18144299
TI  - The value of physical therapy in the small hospital.

PMID- 18144300
TI  - Routine laboratory tests at admission.

PMID- 18144302
TI  - Certain effects of salt poor human albumin in cases of hepatic disease.

PMID- 18144301
TI  - Fractionation of fibrinogen.

PMID- 18144303
TI  - The phosphatases in relation to clinical pediatrics.

PMID- 18144304
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144306
TI  - Psychiatric patients and the Disabled Persons (employment) Act.

PMID- 18144305
TI  - Bundle branch block with spontaneous remission after 18 months.

PMID- 18144307
TI  - Prepubertal gonoccal peritonitis.

PMID- 18144308
TI  - QUIPS and anecdotes about famous doctors.

PMID- 18144309
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144310
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144311
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144313
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144312
TI  - Tuberculous meningitis treated with streptomycin; results in 29 cases.

PMID- 18144314
TI  - Low sodium chloride diets in hypertension; effects on blood pressure.

PMID- 18144315
TI  - Constriction of the intervertebral foramen; a cause of nerve root pressure.

PMID- 18144316
TI  - The Rh factor.

PMID- 18144317
TI  - Vitamin B6 deficiency in the Syrian hamster.

PMID- 18144318
TI  - Streptomycin in the fight against tuberculosis.

PMID- 18144319
TI  - A virus recovered from the feces of poliomyelitis patients pathogenic for
      suckling mice.
AB  - A virus has been recovered from the feces of two children having symptoms similar
      to those of poliomyelitis. The virus is pathogenic for suckling mice and hamsters
      but not for rhesus monkeys. It induces striking lesions in the skeletal muscles
      of the experimental animal but not in the central nervous system. Other viruses
      inducing similar signs and lesions in suckling mice have been isolated from
      several other outbreaks of a poliomyelitis-like disease, including one large
      urban epidemic.

PMID- 18144320
TI  - Carcinoma of the prostate with posterior extension into the rectum; a report of
      three cases.

PMID- 18144322
TI  - Dermatophytosis.

PMID- 18144321
TI  - Clinical evaluation of pyrrolazote and orthoxine in allergic diseases.

PMID- 18144323
TI  - Arteriosclerotic aortic aneurism.

PMID- 18144324
TI  - Narco-analyse.

PMID- 18144325
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144326
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism, report of a case.

PMID- 18144327
TI  - Pediatric surgery.

PMID- 18144328
TI  - Brain tumors; some remarks on diagnosis.

PMID- 18144329
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144330
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144331
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144332
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144334
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144333
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144335
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144336
TI  - Uses and abuses of intravenous therapy and blood substitutes.

PMID- 18144337
TI  - [Surgical experience in 80 consecutive cases of bilateral frontal lobotomy
      alienated].

PMID- 18144338
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144339
TI  - Criminal responsibility in incipient psychosis.

PMID- 18144340
TI  - Human toxoplasmosis, with report of a case.

PMID- 18144341
TI  - Some observations on recent advances in thoracic surgery.

PMID- 18144342
TI  - Radiation therapy.

PMID- 18144343
TI  - Tumours of the testes.

PMID- 18144344
TI  - Rural Kentucky fights cancer.

PMID- 18144345
TI  - How Oklahoma fights cancer.

PMID- 18144346
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144347
TI  - Perirenal hematoma.

PMID- 18144348
TI  - Fluorescent light compared with incandescent light.

PMID- 18144349
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144350
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144351
TI  - The government and the private medical practitioner.

PMID- 18144352
TI  - What do you think of women doctors?

PMID- 18144354
TI  - Treatment of leukemia in children.

PMID- 18144353
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144355
TI  - Pulmonary reserve following bilateral resection of the lung.

PMID- 18144356
TI  - Effect of renal ischemia on the production of nephrosis in jaundiced rabbits.

PMID- 18144357
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144358
TI  - Arteriosclerotic aneurysm.

PMID- 18144359
TI  - A 6 year statistical review of perforated gastro-duodenal ulcers.

PMID- 18144360
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144361
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144362
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144363
TI  - Suggestions for management of acute poison ivy dermatitis.

PMID- 18144364
TI  - The frozen-dehydration method of fixation as applied to histological problems.

PMID- 18144365
TI  - Aureomycin.

PMID- 18144366
TI  - The anxiety neurosis.

PMID- 18144367
TI  - Migraine syndrome.

PMID- 18144368
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144369
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144370
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144371
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144372
TI  - Evacuation of the sick and wounded in the second Burma Campaign, 1943-1945.

PMID- 18144373
TI  - PHYSICAL characteristics of recruits.

PMID- 18144374
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144375
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144376
TI  - A concept of the genesis of hostility.

PMID- 18144377
TI  - The value of the electroencephalogram as an index of generalized cortical
      activity.

PMID- 18144378
TI  - Type, evolution and localization of aphasia following neuro-surgical relief in a
      60 year old scientist, affected by paralysis agitans.

PMID- 18144379
TI  - Simultaneous records of thalamic and cortical (scalp) potentials in
      schizophrenics and epileptics.

PMID- 18144380
TI  - The treatment of epilepsy by medicaments and diet.

PMID- 18144381
TI  - Some social-psychiatric remarks on epilepsy.

PMID- 18144382
TI  - Lower nephron nephrosis following electroconvulsive therapy; report of two
      fatalities.

PMID- 18144383
TI  - Combined ventral and lateral pyramidotomy in the treatment of paralysis agitans.

PMID- 18144384
TI  - Modern views of surgery of the cornea.

PMID- 18144385
TI  - A case of ocular myiasis.

PMID- 18144386
TI  - The relation between peripheral retinal cysts and dialyses.

PMID- 18144387
TI  - Dislocation of the sac in Zenker's diverticulum.

PMID- 18144388
TI  - Cyclic or rhythmic oculomotor paralysis; case report.

PMID- 18144390
TI  - Neurological factors in the etiology of delayed speech.

PMID- 18144389
TI  - Personality characteristics and emotional problems in stutterers under the age of
      5.

PMID- 18144391
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144392
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144393
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144394
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144395
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144400
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144398
TI  - Orthotolidine hydrochloride test for blood in urine.

PMID- 18144401
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144402
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144403
TI  - Botulism and tick paralysis; in the differential diagnosis of acute bulbar
      poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18144404
TI  - A method of determination of serum pH applicable for clinical use.

PMID- 18144405
TI  - Congenital adrenocortical insufficiency with virilism.

PMID- 18144406
TI  - Psychosomatic illness in childhood; report of six cases.

PMID- 18144408
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144407
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144409
TI  - [New technique for exams angiocardiopneumograficos].

PMID- 18144410
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144411
TI  - Minimal effective dose of intravenously administered histamine in pregnant and
      non-pregnant human beings.

PMID- 18144412
TI  - Analgesia and anesthesia induced by epinephrine.

PMID- 18144413
TI  - Transport of ions across cellular membranes.

PMID- 18144414
TI  - Small intestinal pattern in sprue and similar deficiency diseases.

PMID- 18144415
TI  - Roentgen anatomy of oblique views of the lumbar spine.

PMID- 18144416
TI  - A simple, inexpensive set of prisms for viewing stereoscopic roentgenograms.

PMID- 18144417
TI  - An axial beam director.

PMID- 18144418
TI  - Radiographic checks of accuracy of application.

PMID- 18144419
TI  - A home-made viewing box employing fluorescent illumination.

PMID- 18144420
TI  - Cerebral angiography.

PMID- 18144421
TI  - Adrenal gland investigation by air-insufflation tomography.

PMID- 18144422
TI  - Partial hepatectomy with intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomy; a useful addition to
      technical methods for the management of common duct stricture.

PMID- 18144423
TI  - Presacral enterogenous cyst.

PMID- 18144424
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144425
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144426
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144427
TI  - Stratification of bile in the gall bladder and cholelithiasis.

PMID- 18144429
TI  - Anatomic observations on the lumbar sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 18144428
TI  - Uncommon tumors of the salivary glands.

PMID- 18144430
TI  - Congenital absence of the gall bladder.

PMID- 18144431
TI  - Studies on burns; further observations on a vasoconstrictor substance in lymph
      from a burned area.

PMID- 18144432
TI  - Tuberculosis of the endometrium treated with streptomycin; report of a case.

PMID- 18144433
TI  - Training opportunities for amputees and paraplegics.

PMID- 18144434
TI  - The sign language of the deaf.

PMID- 18144435
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144436
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144437
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144438
TI  - The rate of mitotic activity in the lymphoid organs of the rat.

PMID- 18144439
TI  - The significance of the couvade among the Black Caribs.

PMID- 18144440
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144441
TI  - Statistics of a lake trout fishery.

PMID- 18144442
TI  - A new variety of Anopheles aitkeni from Borneo.

PMID- 18144443
TI  - The persistent toxicity under standardized field conditions of pyrethrum, DDT and
      gammexane against pests of stored food.

PMID- 18144444
TI  - Rate and significance of atresia of the ovarian follicle of the rhesus monkey.

PMID- 18144445
TI  - Developmental horizons in human embryos; a review of the histogenesis of
      cartilage and bone.

PMID- 18144446
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144447
TI  - The measurement of radioactive sulphur (35S) in biological material.

PMID- 18144449
TI  - Studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms; the colouring matters of
      Penicillium islandicum Sopp.; 1:4:5-trihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone.

PMID- 18144450
TI  - The bacterial oxidation of aromatic compounds.

PMID- 18144451
TI  - A comparison of the direct and indirect radioactive methods for determining the
      surface area of a strontium sulphate precipitate.

PMID- 18144452
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144453
TI  - Buried teeth and roots.

PMID- 18144454
TI  - Some original methods in the performance of apicectomy.

PMID- 18144455
TI  - Lipoma of the oral labial vestibule.

PMID- 18144456
TI  - Headache and facial pain.

PMID- 18144457
TI  - Local anesthetics.

PMID- 18144458
TI  - The role of oxalates in rat dental caries.

PMID- 18144459
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144461
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144460
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144462
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144463
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144464
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144465
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144466
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144467
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144468
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144469
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144470
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144471
TI  - Fermentative utilization of cassava; the production of ethanol.

PMID- 18144472
TI  - Surface transport of liquid helium II.

PMID- 18144473
TI  - Metallic oxides as barrier treatments for prevention of attack by light on
      cellulose.

PMID- 18144474
TI  - Lymnaea stagnalis as an intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica.

PMID- 18144475
TI  - The theory of genetical recombination; long-chromosome arms.

PMID- 18144476
TI  - An improved respiratory valve for ether administration and artificial
      respiration.

PMID- 18144478
TI  - Strategy, economics, and the bomb.

PMID- 18144477
TI  - Are these America's forgotten children?

PMID- 18144479
TI  - Anthropology; a brief survey.

PMID- 18144480
TI  - The middigital hair genes; their inheritance and distribution among the white
      race.

PMID- 18144481
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144482
TI  - [The affected by Trichomonas].

PMID- 18144483
TI  - [Methylene blue in labor].

PMID- 18144484
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144485
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144486
TI  - Coordinated teaching; first year's results.

PMID- 18144487
TI  - The Effingham fire; what might have been done.

PMID- 18144488
TI  - RADIANT heating considered for the hospital building.

PMID- 18144489
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144490
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144491
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144492
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144493
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144494
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144495
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144496
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144497
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144498
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144499
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144500
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144501
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144502
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144503
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144504
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144505
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144506
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144508
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144507
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144509
TI  - Propeller injury of the face and head.

PMID- 18144510
TI  - Alterations in the form of the ventricular complex of the electrocardiogram
      produced by myocardial infarction complicated by bundle branch block.

PMID- 18144511
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144512
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144513
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144515
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144514
TI  - Presidon; a new sedative-hypnotic.

PMID- 18144516
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144517
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144518
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144519
TI  - Primary thoracoplasty.

PMID- 18144520
TI  - A case of long-standing tuberculous infection with recurring attacks of erythema
      nodosum and erythema multiforme.

PMID- 18144521
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144522
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144523
TI  - [Histological alterations of the peripheral nerves after experimental ischemia].

PMID- 18144524
TI  - [The harmonic analysis of the ECG trace].

PMID- 18144525
TI  - [Clinical aspects of streptomycin dermatitis].

PMID- 18144526
TI  - [Considerations upon the suffocating pneumothorax and its treatment].

PMID- 18144528
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144527
TI  - [The general practitioner before the prostatic patient].

PMID- 18144529
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144530
TI  - Some factors influencing response of cancer to radiation.

PMID- 18144531
TI  - The Cornell medical index; a adjunct to medical interview.

PMID- 18144532
TI  - The role of biophysics in medical education.

PMID- 18144533
TI  - Freshman anatomy as a correlated course.

PMID- 18144535
TI  - Amebiasis.

PMID- 18144534
TI  - Planning an instructional program for a medical school.

PMID- 18144536
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144537
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144538
TI  - The glaucoma problem in the Philippines.

PMID- 18144539
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144540
TI  - Present day uses of procaine administered intravenously; with case reports from
      Jefferson Hospital.

PMID- 18144541
TI  - Malignant lesions of the face and ears.

PMID- 18144542
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144543
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144544
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144545
TI  - The diagnosis of mitral stenosis.

PMID- 18144546
TI  - The management of the leukaemias.

PMID- 18144547
TI  - Chemoprophylaxis.

PMID- 18144549
TI  - Psychosomatic aspects of surgery.

PMID- 18144548
TI  - Anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 18144550
TI  - Some aspects of subacute bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 18144551
TI  - The nutrition of children in England.

PMID- 18144552
TI  - Medical partnerships.

PMID- 18144553
TI  - What's new in the diagnosis and treatment of the infertile female.

PMID- 18144554
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144555
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144556
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144557
TI  - Chest injuries.

PMID- 18144558
TI  - The responsibility of the private physician in communicable disease control.

PMID- 18144559
TI  - Control of pain in childbirth.

PMID- 18144560
TI  - Diabetic acidosis and coma.

PMID- 18144561
TI  - Varicocele; symptomatologic and surgical concepts.

PMID- 18144562
TI  - Hamartoma of cloacal tissue in renal pelvis.

PMID- 18144563
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144564
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144565
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144566
TI  - [Formoguanamine as a diuretic].

PMID- 18144567
TI  - Differential diagnosis of jaundice.

PMID- 18144568
TI  - Cancer in childhood.

PMID- 18144569
TI  - Traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the lower extremity.

PMID- 18144570
TI  - Endocrine factors in dermatology.

PMID- 18144571
TI  - Cytohistologic examination of stomach washings in carcinoma, ulcer and gastritis.

PMID- 18144572
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144573
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144574
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144575
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144576
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144577
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144578
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144580
TI  - [The story of my anemia].

PMID- 18144579
TI  - [The unconscious and accountability in criminal law].

PMID- 18144581
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144582
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144583
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144584
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144585
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144586
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144587
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144588
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144589
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144590
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144591
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144592
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144593
TI  - Prolonged labor.

PMID- 18144594
TI  - Acute surgical conditions complicating pregnancy.

PMID- 18144595
TI  - Modern therapeutic agents.

PMID- 18144596
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144597
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144598
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144599
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144600
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144601
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144602
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144603
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144604
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144605
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144606
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144607
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144608
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144609
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144610
TI  - Streptomycin in the treatment of cases of tuberculosis meningitis in the Army.

PMID- 18144611
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144612
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144613
TI  - On recurrent dislocation of the shoulder-joint; a contribution to its
      pathomechanics and the results of Eden/Hybbinette's bone-block operation.

PMID- 18144614
TI  - Habitual posterior dislocation of the shoulder-joint; a report on five operated
      cases.

PMID- 18144615
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144616
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144617
TI  - Role of brain stem facilitatory systems in maintenance of spasticity.

PMID- 18144618
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144619
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144620
TI  - The origin of clothes.

PMID- 18144621
TI  - The individual's adjustment to society.

PMID- 18144622
TI  - Fear of mice.

PMID- 18144623
TI  - The use of dream analysis in psychosomatic research.

PMID- 18144624
TI  - Analysis of group Rorschachs of biologists.

PMID- 18144625
TI  - Recent developments in the field of projective techniques.

PMID- 18144626
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144627
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144628
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144629
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144630
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144631
TI  - On an anomaly of the retinal vessels (so-called aneurysma cirsoides) sometimes
      combined with symptoms from the central nervous system.

PMID- 18144632
TI  - Transient myopia following the administration of sulphonamides.

PMID- 18144633
TI  - On neurofibromatosis in the region of the eye.

PMID- 18144634
TI  - A case of primary conjunctival tuberculosis.

PMID- 18144635
TI  - A contribution to the technique of the cataract operation.

PMID- 18144636
TI  - How do the colour blind interpret our present signalling colours?

PMID- 18144637
TI  - Points in practical optics.

PMID- 18144638
TI  - Experiments and presentation of cases in which an antral window was made in the
      middle meatus of the human subject and no additional surgical procedures were
      performed.

PMID- 18144641
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144639
TI  - Epistaxis; report of a case of ligation of the external carotid and anterior
      ethmoid arteries.

PMID- 18144640
TI  - Cartilage in the kidney.

PMID- 18144642
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144643
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144644
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144646
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144645
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144647
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144648
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144649
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144650
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144651
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144652
TI  - Studies of the toxic action of gallium.

PMID- 18144653
TI  - Pre-operative skin antiseptics.

PMID- 18144654
TI  - Physiological observations on hyperventilation at altitude with intermittent
      pressure breathing by the pneumolator.

PMID- 18144655
TI  - Recall and recognition of nonsense syllables.

PMID- 18144656
TI  - Some psychological factors in the generalization of salivary conditioning to
      verbal stimuli.

PMID- 18144657
TI  - Two aspects of the Pulfrich phenomenon.

PMID- 18144658
TI  - Odds adjustments by American horse-race bettors.

PMID- 18144659
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144660
TI  - Physical rehabilitation of injured workmen in British Columbia.

PMID- 18144661
TI  - Causes of mental illness.

PMID- 18144662
TI  - Health interests of children.

PMID- 18144663
TI  - Learning and teaching.

PMID- 18144664
TI  - On approaching the public.

PMID- 18144665
TI  - [Training of surgeons].

PMID- 18144666
TI  - Relation between the radiation dose tolerated by the skin and the distance of the
      radiant source from the skin.

PMID- 18144667
TI  - Hyaluronidase as a factor hastening the spread and absorption of water-soluble
      radiopaque substances deposited intracutaneously, subcutaneously and
      intramuscularly.

PMID- 18144668
TI  - Demonstration of iron in cells; a preliminary note.

PMID- 18144669
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144671
TI  - Tomography.

PMID- 18144670
TI  - A calcified aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta.

PMID- 18144672
TI  - Cellophane compression band.

PMID- 18144673
TI  - Intrathoracic meningocele.

PMID- 18144674
TI  - Decortication in pulmonary tuberculosis including studies of respiratory
      physiology.

PMID- 18144675
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144676
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144678
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144677
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144679
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144680
TI  - Peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18144681
TI  - A case of absent uterus, fallopian tubes and urethra.

PMID- 18144682
TI  - A case of broncho-biliary fistula.

PMID- 18144683
TI  - Hemihypertrophy of the face; case report.

PMID- 18144684
TI  - The moulded acrylic splint for palm and finger grafts.

PMID- 18144686
TI  - A study of the incidence of air-borne fungi in the city of Rio de Janeiro.

PMID- 18144685
TI  - Skin reactions; comparison of antihistaminic action of pyribenzamine and
      epinephrine introduced into human skin by electrophoresis.

PMID- 18144687
TI  - Bacterial allergy; an extreme hyper sensitization commonly found in chronic
      brucellosis.

PMID- 18144688
TI  - An evaluation of the patch test based on experimental findings.

PMID- 18144689
TI  - The clinical significance of acetylcholine.

PMID- 18144690
TI  - Standardization procedure for determination of aerosol delivery of nebulizers by
      phenolsulfonphthalein aerosols; preliminary report.

PMID- 18144691
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144692
TI  - A technique for the extension of radical surgery in the treatment of vesical
      cancer.

PMID- 18144694
TI  - The effect of dietary protein restriction on the coenzyme A content of rat liver.

PMID- 18144693
TI  - The use of reduced copper in the micro-determination of carbon and hydrogen.

PMID- 18144695
TI  - Factors of merit for radiation detectors.

PMID- 18144696
TI  - Photographic spectral sensitometry with a biprism.

PMID- 18144697
TI  - On the prismatic properties of ophthalmic lenses.

PMID- 18144698
TI  - Twenty-five dental cases treated with absorbable alginate wool.

PMID- 18144699
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144700
TI  - Simplified construction of an anatomic cast gold crown.

PMID- 18144701
TI  - Oral manifestations in emotional disorders.

PMID- 18144702
TI  - [Observations of Gastroenterology of North Africa].

PMID- 18144703
TI  - [The circadian rhythm of phagocytic reactions to normal physiological control of
      the process by sialo cytology].

PMID- 18144704
TI  - The metabolism of calcium and potassium in perniosis.

PMID- 18144705
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144706
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144707
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144708
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144709
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144710
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144711
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144712
TI  - Recent work on the biology of skin.

PMID- 18144713
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144714
TI  - Cold hardiness and seed shape in maize.

PMID- 18144715
TI  - Varagu poisoning.

PMID- 18144716
TI  - Genetics of dioecy and monoecy in Ecballium.

PMID- 18144717
TI  - Development in radioactive tracer methods.

PMID- 18144718
TI  - Friedel-Crafts polymerizations.

PMID- 18144719
TI  - Photomicrography of tracks in nuclear research emulsions.

PMID- 18144720
TI  - A simple calorimeter for the simultaneous determination of heat loss and heat
      production in animals.

PMID- 18144722
TI  - ULTRASONIC generator.

PMID- 18144721
TI  - Construction of beta-Geiger counters from prefabricated thin wall tubing.

PMID- 18144723
TI  - The tree of culture.

PMID- 18144724
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144726
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144727
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144728
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144729
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144731
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144730
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144732
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144733
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144734
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144735
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144736
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144737
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144738
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144741
TI  - Hospitals under socialized medicine.

PMID- 18144742
TI  - Precipitin-tests in Plasmodium lophurae malaria.

PMID- 18144743
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144744
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144745
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144746
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144747
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144748
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144749
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144750
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144752
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144751
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144753
TI  - Infective hepatitis and portal cirrhosis.

PMID- 18144754
TI  - A successfully operated case of membranous occlusion of the anus in the 17.
      century.

PMID- 18144755
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144756
TI  - Surgical treatment of esophageal hiatus hernia by transthoracic herniotomy; a
      preliminary report.
AB  - In view of the extensive operation required for repair of hiatus hernia by
      transthoracic or abdominal approach, herniotomy was done in three cases.
      Objectives were to (a) widen the esophageal hiatus, (b) remove the hernial sac,
      (c) cut the structures of the omentum and lesser curvature so that the stomach
      would lie flat in the chest, and (d) fix the stomach at the new level. After the
      operation, all three patients were free of the symptoms of indigestion of which
      they had previously complained.

PMID- 18144757
TI  - The nursing crisis.
AB  - Three concrete proposals are made for the improvement of the present nursing
      situation:1. Make nursing education more easily available by holding the
      prerequisites to a minimum and concentrating upon the real essentials of nursing,
      granting the student the R.N. degree when she has completed this basic and
      essential training.2. Utilize more fully the principles of group nursing as
      applied to "specialing" whether in the home or in the hospital.3. Completely
      avoid the use of sub-standard nurses, while furnishing to the nurse such non
      technical service (through the use of maid assistants or others) as shall make
      practicable the complete utilization of her skill and training.

PMID- 18144758
TI  - Carcinoma of the rectum complicating pregnancy.

PMID- 18144760
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144759
TI  - Recent advances in cardiovascular surgery.

PMID- 18144761
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144762
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144763
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144764
TI  - A case of secondary thrombocytopoenia resembling onyalai.

PMID- 18144765
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144766
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144768
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144767
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144769
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144770
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144771
TI  - [The eletrocardiogramma the chronic form of Chagas disease].

PMID- 18144772
TI  - [Observation and discussion of a case of Mitsuda-negative tuberculoid leprosy;
      focal reaction stimulated by tuberculin].

PMID- 18144773
TI  - Causes of failure in treatment of amoebic dysentery.

PMID- 18144774
TI  - Some constituents of normal blood in central India people; serum calcium and
      serum phosphorus.

PMID- 18144775
TI  - A case of acute intestinal obstruction due to volvulus of caecum and ascending
      colon.

PMID- 18144776
TI  - Chronic lymphatic leukemia; a study of 100 patients treated with radioactive
      phosphorus.

PMID- 18144777
TI  - Antihistamine therapy of bee stings.

PMID- 18144778
TI  - Office diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18144779
TI  - Richter's type hernia of the transverse colon; a case report.

PMID- 18144780
TI  - The management of status asthmaticus.

PMID- 18144781
TI  - The antihistamine drugs in the treatment of hay fever in the adult.

PMID- 18144782
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144784
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144783
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144785
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144786
TI  - Ligation of the common carotid artery; report of 19 personal cases.

PMID- 18144787
TI  - Replacement transfusion; technique in the newborn.

PMID- 18144789
TI  - HOSPITALISATION in childhood.

PMID- 18144788
TI  - Thyrotoxicosis, with ophthalmoplegia, myopathy, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome,
      and pericardial friction.

PMID- 18144790
TI  - Some clinical aspects of rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18144791
TI  - The treatment of hernia.

PMID- 18144792
TI  - Differential diagnosis of diseases of the hip in children.

PMID- 18144793
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144794
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144795
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144796
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144797
TI  - Inguinal and femoral hernioplasty.

PMID- 18144798
TI  - Laboratory studies of cerebrospinal fluid in meningitis and poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18144799
TI  - The value of the Rorschach test.

PMID- 18144800
TI  - Some considerations in intestinal anastomosis.

PMID- 18144801
TI  - The sequelae of eastern equine encephalomyelitis.

PMID- 18144802
TI  - Rheumatic heart disease, aortic stenosis and regurgitation.

PMID- 18144803
TI  - [Mignon's eosinophilic granuloma].

PMID- 18144804
TI  - [The determination of urinary 17-ketosteroid as a diagnostic method in adreno
      cortical syndromes].

PMID- 18144805
TI  - [Deficiency of folic acid and vitamin K in symptomatic sprue].

PMID- 18144806
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144807
TI  - Nutrition surveys.

PMID- 18144808
TI  - Osteogenic sarcoma.

PMID- 18144809
TI  - Further studies on the use of rectal sodium pentothal in obstetrics.

PMID- 18144810
TI  - [Importance of histopathological examination of material obtained by aspiration
      biopsy].

PMID- 18144811
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144812
TI  - Isoimmunization by the Rh factor.

PMID- 18144813
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 18144814
TI  - Roentgenographic studies of the cervical spine.

PMID- 18144815
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144816
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144817
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144818
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144819
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144820
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144822
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144821
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144823
TI  - A preliminary report on the use of dicumarol in recent myocardial infarction.

PMID- 18144824
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the frontal bone of rhinogenic origin.

PMID- 18144825
TI  - Anaesthesia for the surgical treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 18144826
TI  - The heart in endocrine disease.

PMID- 18144827
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144828
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144829
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144830
TI  - Discussion on peripheral vascular diseases.

PMID- 18144831
TI  - Glycolysis in Plasmodium gallinaceum.

PMID- 18144832
TI  - Studies of the thrombin effect of fresh serum.

PMID- 18144833
TI  - Effect of succinylsulfathiazole on the urinary excretion of folic acid by the
      rabbit.

PMID- 18144834
TI  - Effect of gold administration on liver function in dogs.

PMID- 18144835
TI  - Cell proliferation accelerating and inhibiting substances in blood serum during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 18144836
TI  - Estimation of dicumarol, 3,31-methylenebis (4-hydroxycoumarin) in biological
      fluids.

PMID- 18144837
TI  - The pathogenicity of bagasse; effect on rabbits of prolonged exposure to bagasse.

PMID- 18144838
TI  - Simultaneous fluorocardiography and recording of intracardiac pressure.

PMID- 18144839
TI  - Effect of boric acid on biological activity of alloxan.

PMID- 18144840
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144841
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144842
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144843
TI  - The ocular manifestations of polyarteritis nodosa.

PMID- 18144844
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144845
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144847
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144846
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144848
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144849
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144850
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144851
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144852
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144853
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144854
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144855
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144856
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144857
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144858
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144859
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144860
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144861
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144862
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144863
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144864
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144865
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144867
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144866
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144868
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144869
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144870
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144872
TI  - MORTALITY experience of a group of naval officers.

PMID- 18144871
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144873
TI  - A clinical study of thrombophlebitis and pulmonary embolism; preliminary report.

PMID- 18144874
TI  - Diagnosis of minimal pulmonary tuberculosis, spontaneous pneumothorax, pleurisy
      with effusion.

PMID- 18144875
TI  - Introducing calcium chloride complex for foot-clothing and the skin.

PMID- 18144877
TI  - The electrical fields at the surface of the head during sleep.

PMID- 18144876
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144878
TI  - The influence of the body temperature on the Eeg. of the rat.

PMID- 18144879
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144880
TI  - Aniseikonia and binocular vision.

PMID- 18144881
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144882
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144883
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144884
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144885
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144886
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144887
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144888
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144889
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144890
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144891
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144892
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144893
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144894
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144895
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144896
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144897
TI  - Operation on the sphenoid.

PMID- 18144898
TI  - The conservation program in Wisconsin.

PMID- 18144899
TI  - Listening eyes.

PMID- 18144900
TI  - Sulfur metabolism and its relation to wound healing in ophthalmology and
      otolaryngology.

PMID- 18144901
TI  - Some points in the pathology, diagnosis and treatment of chronic maxillary
      sinusitis.

PMID- 18144902
TI  - Ventilation paracentesis for the relief of stubborn eustachian tube blockage.

PMID- 18144903
TI  - In vitro studies of lymph nodes involved in Hodgkin's disease; liquefaction of
      culture medium.

PMID- 18144904
TI  - The mole as a possible reservoir of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18144906
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144905
TI  - Treatment of poor posture and nonsurgical orthopedic conditions.

PMID- 18144907
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144908
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144909
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144910
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144911
TI  - Contribution on the thrombocytopenic action of urethane in dogs.

PMID- 18144912
TI  - The action of sodium thiocyanate on cardiac output.

PMID- 18144913
TI  - The specificity of the trimethylammonium group in acetylcholine.

PMID- 18144914
TI  - The interactions of drugs and plasma proteins.

PMID- 18144915
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144916
TI  - Diabetes and the pharmacist.

PMID- 18144917
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144918
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144919
TI  - On the correlation between hyaluronidase content and spermiogenesis in the
      testes.

PMID- 18144920
TI  - The origin in the CNS of gastric secretory impulses induced by hypoglycemia.

PMID- 18144921
TI  - The effect of fasting on muscle phosphorylase activity in the rat.

PMID- 18144922
TI  - Changes in transparency of muscle during a twitch.

PMID- 18144923
TI  - Evidence for saltatory conduction in peripheral myelinated nerve fibres.

PMID- 18144924
TI  - The influence of magnesium on respiration glycolysis and cholinesterase activity
      in rat brain.

PMID- 18144925
TI  - Excretion of sodium by human erythrocytes.

PMID- 18144926
TI  - Afferent discharges from extraocular muscles.

PMID- 18144927
TI  - Failure of nerve homogenates to catalyse the coupled breakdown of acetylcholine
      and energy-rich phosphate.

PMID- 18144928
TI  - The arterial blood pressure responses to adrenaline and noradrenaline in dogs
      surviving adrenalectomy and sympathectomy.

PMID- 18144929
TI  - The effect of synchronizing light and sound stimuli with various components of
      the electro-encephalogram.

PMID- 18144930
TI  - The rate of discharge of the extra-ocular motoneurones.

PMID- 18144931
TI  - A technique for investigating the properties of a single mammalian sensory
      ending.

PMID- 18144932
TI  - The relationship between reading ability and intelligence among university
      freshmen.

PMID- 18144933
TI  - The development of internationalist attitudes; hypotheses and verifications.

PMID- 18144934
TI  - Factors influencing the formation and change of political and religious
      attitudes.

PMID- 18144935
TI  - Prevalence of poliomyelitis in 1948.

PMID- 18144936
TI  - [Enemies of materialism].

PMID- 18144937
TI  - [Medical Institute of Scientific Publications].

PMID- 18144938
TI  - A note on back-scatter and depth doses for elongated rectangular X-ray fields.

PMID- 18144939
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144940
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144941
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144942
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144943
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144944
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144945
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144946
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144947
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144948
TI  - Palliative operations for carcinoma of the pancreas.

PMID- 18144949
TI  - The organization of treatment of anterior poliomyelitis in Victoria, Australia.

PMID- 18144950
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144951
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144952
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144954
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144953
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144955
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144956
TI  - Oral administration of aureomycin in the treatment of gonorrhea.

PMID- 18144957
TI  - A ureterorecto fistula following a resection for carcinoma of the bowel.

PMID- 18144958
TI  - Stress incontinence due to phenobarbital.

PMID- 18144959
TI  - The inherent dangers of fever therapy in the treatment of paresis.

PMID- 18144960
TI  - Theoretical and practical considerations in formulation of prescriptions for skin
      diseases.

PMID- 18144962
TI  - Observations on the snout of Varanus, and a comparison with that of other lizards
      and snakes.

PMID- 18144961
TI  - Nucleic acids and the Feulgen reaction.

PMID- 18144963
TI  - The effect of curare on blood flow.

PMID- 18144964
TI  - Amniotic embolism; a possible hazard in obstetric cases.

PMID- 18144965
TI  - The design and calibration of a vaporiser for trichlorethylene.

PMID- 18144966
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144967
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144968
TI  - The serological differentiation of staphylococcal bacteriophages.

PMID- 18144969
TI  - The relationship between micro-organisms and soil aggregation.

PMID- 18144970
TI  - Radical pancreatectomy and splenectomy with left total pneumonectomy at one
      sitting for sarcoma of the pancreas and pulmonary metastases.

PMID- 18144971
TI  - Sponge biopsy; a new method in the diagnosis of cancer.

PMID- 18144972
TI  - The relatively favorable prognosis of medullary carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 18144973
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144974
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144975
TI  - Normal and impaired function of the leg veins.

PMID- 18144976
TI  - Atrial fibrillation induced by epinephrine in hypothermic dogs.

PMID- 18144978
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144977
TI  - Paroxysmal tachycardia with a ventricular rate of 365 per minute.

PMID- 18144979
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144980
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144981
TI  - Cartesian diver technique.

PMID- 18144983
TI  - The utilization of acetate for the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and
      protoporphyrin.

PMID- 18144982
TI  - On the nitrogen turnover in purines from polynucleotides determined with glycine
      N15.

PMID- 18144984
TI  - Metabolism of L-aspartic acid.

PMID- 18144985
TI  - A colorimetric method for the determination of phenol oxidase in plant material.

PMID- 18144986
TI  - Neutron well logging.

PMID- 18144987
TI  - Bibliography on radiation protection.

PMID- 18144988
TI  - Adaptation to embouchure as a function of dentofacial complex.

PMID- 18144989
TI  - A comparative examination of the condylar path.

PMID- 18144990
TI  - Dental services of the Children's Bureau.

PMID- 18144991
TI  - Oral manifestations produced by early irradiation; report of a case.

PMID- 18144992
TI  - Prosthetic treatment of extreme malocclusion; report of a case.

PMID- 18144993
TI  - An unusual case of anomalous (supernumerary) dentition.

PMID- 18144994
TI  - Leontiasis ossea confined to the maxilla and mandible; report of a case.

PMID- 18144995
TI  - [The pairing of proximal caries].

PMID- 18144996
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144997
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144998
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18144999
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145000
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145001
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145002
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145003
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145004
TI  - Nutritional disorders of the skin among prisoners of war in the Far East.

PMID- 18145005
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145006
TI  - The effect of adrenal cortex extract with and without epinephrine upon the work
      of adrenally insufficient rats.

PMID- 18145007
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145008
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145009
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145010
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145012
TI  - The medical care and rehabilitation of elderly people.

PMID- 18145011
TI  - The 60-65 convention.

PMID- 18145013
TI  - Some economic implications of an ageing population.

PMID- 18145014
TI  - Biology in the educational curriculum.

PMID- 18145015
TI  - The zoogeography of the Collembola.

PMID- 18145016
TI  - Some applications of radioactive tracers in medicine.

PMID- 18145017
TI  - Development of research on the insect aerofauna.

PMID- 18145018
TI  - Radioactive tracers.

PMID- 18145019
TI  - Uptake of radioactive phosphorus by influenza virus.

PMID- 18145020
TI  - Asymmetry of the reproductive organs in the earthworm Neodrilus agilis.

PMID- 18145022
TI  - Energy spectrum of secondary electrons from mu-meson decay.

PMID- 18145021
TI  - Fluorimetric determination of antrycide.

PMID- 18145023
TI  - Exchange of materials in a lake as studied by radioactive phosphorus.

PMID- 18145024
TI  - The blister hypothesis.

PMID- 18145025
TI  - Low temperature physics.

PMID- 18145026
TI  - Ancient slavery.

PMID- 18145027
TI  - The prevention of murder.

PMID- 18145029
TI  - Fracture of liquids; nucleation theory applied to bubble formation.

PMID- 18145028
TI  - The natural science ideal in the social sciences.

PMID- 18145030
TI  - Degenerative and regenerative changes in the thyroid gland following high dosages
      of radioactive iodine.

PMID- 18145031
TI  - The Q-technique study of personality.

PMID- 18145032
TI  - [The prolapse of the urethra in women].

PMID- 18145033
TI  - Comparison of vitamin B12 from liver and from Streptomyces griseus in the
      treatment of pernicious anemia.

PMID- 18145035
TI  - The larder and the bakery.

PMID- 18145034
TI  - Preparing the ground for joint consultative committees.

PMID- 18145036
TI  - The ascorbic acid content of the adrenal glands of chicks infected with
      Plasmodium gallinaceum.

PMID- 18145037
TI  - The diagnosis and management of atypical or virus pneumonia.

PMID- 18145038
TI  - The association of capillary sclerosis with arteriosclerosis and phlebosclerosis;
      its pathogenesis and clinical significance.

PMID- 18145039
TI  - Gonococcal arthritis; a study of 202 patients treated with penicillin,
      sulfonamides or fever therapy.

PMID- 18145040
TI  - Acute porphyria; report of two cases with electrical studies in one.

PMID- 18145041
TI  - Important aspects of legal medicine.

PMID- 18145043
TI  - Temporal arteritis; with report of a case.

PMID- 18145042
TI  - Management of the artificial anus.

PMID- 18145044
TI  - Treatment of the menopause syndrome; advantages of combining oral androgens with
      estrogens.

PMID- 18145045
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145046
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145047
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145048
TI  - An operation for the treatment of stress incontinence.

PMID- 18145049
TI  - Nutritional macrocytic anaemia in temperate zones.

PMID- 18145050
TI  - A bacterial pyuria producing bilateral ureteric stenosis.

PMID- 18145052
TI  - Surgical opinion on mammary cancer from Heister to Halsted.

PMID- 18145053
TI  - An evaluation of the newest autonomic blocking agents.

PMID- 18145051
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145054
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145055
TI  - Recent developments in group practice.

PMID- 18145056
TI  - A new reagent for the histochemical demonstration of active carbonyl groups of
      lipoid and nonlipoid material.

PMID- 18145057
TI  - The immediate and late results of the transsphenoidal and cranial methods of
      operation in pituitary tumors.

PMID- 18145058
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145059
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145060
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145061
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145062
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145063
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145064
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145065
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145066
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145067
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145068
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145069
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145070
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145071
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145072
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145073
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145074
TI  - Keratoconjunctivitis due to crown-flower.

PMID- 18145075
TI  - Multiple transfusions in chronic lymphatic leukemia.

PMID- 18145076
TI  - The accurate estimation of haemoglobin.

PMID- 18145077
TI  - Will noise damage one's hearing?

PMID- 18145078
TI  - Carcinoma of the breast; a 15-year survey of 205 cases.

PMID- 18145079
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145080
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145081
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145082
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145083
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145084
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145086
TI  - Giant ovarian cyst in a 20 year old girl; case report.

PMID- 18145085
TI  - Prolonged moderate dose therapy versus intensive short term therapy with
      penicillin and caronamide in subacute bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 18145087
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145088
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145089
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145090
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145091
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145092
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145093
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145094
TI  - The effect of tetraethylammonium bromide on the kidneys.

PMID- 18145095
TI  - Factors affecting the response of immunized guinea pigs to antigenic stimulus;
      further observations.

PMID- 18145096
TI  - Hormone treatment of the sexual offender.

PMID- 18145097
TI  - Some observations on the pathology of infectious hepatitis and allied conditions.

PMID- 18145098
TI  - Report of a case of temporal arteritis.

PMID- 18145099
TI  - Penicillin and streptomycin in the treatment of Haemophilus influenzae
      meningitis.

PMID- 18145100
TI  - Spigelian hernia; report of a case.

PMID- 18145101
TI  - Meningocele and myelomeningocele.

PMID- 18145102
TI  - Common fractures of the foot.

PMID- 18145103
TI  - Etiology and specific treatment of intravascular thrombosis and embolism.

PMID- 18145104
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145105
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145106
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145107
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145108
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145109
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145110
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145111
TI  - Rheumatic heart disease, with mitral and aortic stenosis.

PMID- 18145112
TI  - Disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans; case report.

PMID- 18145113
TI  - Surgery of the aged.

PMID- 18145114
TI  - Present status of chloromycetin therapy.

PMID- 18145115
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145116
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145117
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145118
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145119
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145120
TI  - [False positive serologic reactions for syphilis in diseases of the respiratory
      tract].

PMID- 18145121
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma operated upon successfully].

PMID- 18145122
TI  - [Alkyl mercury compound poisoning; clinical aspect and risks of exposure].

PMID- 18145123
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145124
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145125
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145126
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145127
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145128
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145129
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145130
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145132
TI  - [Medical service in the United States].

PMID- 18145131
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145133
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgery of chronic constrictive pericarditis].

PMID- 18145134
TI  - Crohn's disease; a review.

PMID- 18145135
TI  - Modern trends in the treatment of infections of the hand.

PMID- 18145136
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145137
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145138
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145139
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145140
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145141
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145142
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145143
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145144
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145145
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145146
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145148
TI  - Cryptogenic chronic diffuse isolated myocarditis.

PMID- 18145147
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145149
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145151
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145150
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145152
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145153
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145154
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145155
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145156
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145157
TI  - Airborne medical service.

PMID- 18145158
TI  - The part the Army Nurse Corps Reserve will play in our military program.

PMID- 18145159
TI  - Supervising and teaching.

PMID- 18145160
TI  - The uses and abuses of streptomycin in thoracic surgery.

PMID- 18145161
TI  - Ringworm therapy; fungicidal skin varnish.

PMID- 18145162
TI  - Trochanteric fractures of the femur; a plea for conservative treatment.

PMID- 18145163
TI  - Skin grafting by cross-leg flaps.

PMID- 18145164
TI  - Treatment of giant-cell tumours of bone with a review of 25 cases.

PMID- 18145165
TI  - Malignant osteoclastoma and the association of malignant osteoclastoma with
      Paget's osteitis deformans.

PMID- 18145166
TI  - An ancient Egyptian treatise on traumatology, 2800 B.C.

PMID- 18145167
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145168
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145169
TI  - The effects of convulsive therapy on the excretion of cortins and ketosteroids.

PMID- 18145170
TI  - The psychosomatic diseases; a hypothetical formulation.

PMID- 18145171
TI  - Electronarcosis at the Homewood Sanitarium, Guelph, Ontario.

PMID- 18145172
TI  - The results of prefrontal leucotomy in 68 patients not discharged from hospital.

PMID- 18145173
TI  - A Rorschach study of folie a deux of mother and son.

PMID- 18145174
TI  - The suppression of the motor phenomena of electroshock and electronarcosis by
      modification of the current level.

PMID- 18145176
TI  - The patient with bulbar-respiratory poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18145175
TI  - Diagnosis and rational psychotherapy.

PMID- 18145177
TI  - Preventing infancy ailments.

PMID- 18145178
TI  - You and yours.

PMID- 18145179
TI  - The child's idea of what and how to eat.

PMID- 18145180
TI  - Stability of riboflavin in eggs to cooking and to light.

PMID- 18145181
TI  - Relation of iodine to the goitrogenic properties of soybeans.

PMID- 18145182
TI  - Local use of heparin in the eye; pellet implantation at an experimental filtering
      site.

PMID- 18145183
TI  - Present concept of the therapy of ocular syphilis.

PMID- 18145184
TI  - A simplified method of enucleation with a motility implant.

PMID- 18145185
TI  - Hemostasis in tear-sac operations.

PMID- 18145186
TI  - Heteroplastic grafts.

PMID- 18145187
TI  - Night driving.

PMID- 18145188
TI  - Corrective and preventive visual care.

PMID- 18145189
TI  - Congenital choanal atresia; a new transpalatine technic.

PMID- 18145190
TI  - Pneumococcic meningitis; presentation of a case with operation and recovery.

PMID- 18145191
TI  - On the technique of the fenestration operation.

PMID- 18145192
TI  - On the nature of a dual function in the cochlear nerve; with reference to
      features of middle-ear deafness in cases of cochlear lesions.

PMID- 18145193
TI  - Haemangioma of the trachea in an infant; successful removal.

PMID- 18145194
TI  - An evaluation of the use of group-specific substances in group O blood
      transfusions.

PMID- 18145195
TI  - Gaucher's disease in a Negro; report of case.

PMID- 18145196
TI  - Genic factors in visceral asymmetry and in the development and pathologic changes
      of lungs, heart and abdominal organs.

PMID- 18145197
TI  - Primary systemic amyloid disease; report of a case emphasizing cardiac
      involvement.

PMID- 18145198
TI  - Acute experimental calcium chloride acidosis.

PMID- 18145199
TI  - The effect of triphenylmethane dyes on the intracellular growth of influenza
      virus A.

PMID- 18145200
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145201
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145202
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145203
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145204
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145205
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145206
TI  - The use of BCG in Europe.

PMID- 18145207
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145208
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145209
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145210
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145211
TI  - The newborn-service in New York.

PMID- 18145212
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145213
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145214
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145215
TI  - Agricultural research and pharmacy.

PMID- 18145216
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145217
TI  - Adrenals and fatigue; the cholinesterase activity of serum, brain and muscle in
      normal and adrenalectomized rats.

PMID- 18145218
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145219
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145220
TI  - The ganglionic blocking action of dibutoline.

PMID- 18145221
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145223
TI  - Effect of diet on liver regeneration in partially hepatectomized rats.

PMID- 18145222
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145224
TI  - Action of anticholinesterases, drugs and intermediates of respiration and
      electrical activity of the isolated frog brain.

PMID- 18145225
TI  - Reflex peristalsis of the intestine.

PMID- 18145226
TI  - Measurement of intellectual deficiency.

PMID- 18145227
TI  - Maladjusted children of high intelligence.

PMID- 18145228
TI  - Generalization of a reference scale for judging pitch.

PMID- 18145229
TI  - The effect of motivating conditions on the estimation of time.

PMID- 18145230
TI  - New data on the influence of frequency and of mind set.

PMID- 18145231
TI  - Planning the morbidity survey.

PMID- 18145232
TI  - Morbidity surveys; the local health officer and sickness surveys.

PMID- 18145233
TI  - Nutrient retention during canned food production.

PMID- 18145234
TI  - School health services; a report from the American Academy of Pediatrics study of
      child health services.

PMID- 18145235
TI  - Breast cancer mortality, Ontario, 1909-1947; the lack of any decline, and its
      significance.

PMID- 18145236
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145237
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145238
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145240
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145239
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145241
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145242
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145243
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145244
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145245
TI  - Radiography of the foot.

PMID- 18145246
TI  - Radiographic technique chart.

PMID- 18145247
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145248
TI  - Effects on the breast of removal of the nipple or severing of the ducts.

PMID- 18145249
TI  - Suppurative disease of the lungs.

PMID- 18145250
TI  - The elderly patients a surgical risk; an analysis of 322 operations performed on
      244 patients 60 years or age and over.

PMID- 18145251
TI  - Malignant disease of the mouth.

PMID- 18145252
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145253
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145254
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145255
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145256
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145257
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145258
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145259
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145260
TI  - The treatment of hypospadias.

PMID- 18145261
TI  - Bilateral lympho-epithelioma of the testicle and epididymis, metastatic from the
      nasopharynx.

PMID- 18145262
TI  - Vasomotor response to the intravenous administration of neoiopax for urograms.

PMID- 18145263
TI  - Local nasal therapy with pyribenzamine in seasonal and nonseasonal hay fever.

PMID- 18145264
TI  - Bronchodilation under anesthesia with 1(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) 2 isopropyl
      aminoethanol hydrochloride, a comparative study; preliminary report.

PMID- 18145265
TI  - The detection of explosive mixture or static in operating rooms.

PMID- 18145266
TI  - A case of severe dermatitis venenata due to metycaine.

PMID- 18145267
TI  - Physiological effects of brief periods of exposure to low temperatures.

PMID- 18145268
TI  - An improved method for the preparation of Vibrio foetus agglutination antigen.

PMID- 18145270
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145269
TI  - Planned parenthood.

PMID- 18145271
TI  - The correlation of the cardiac volume to the surface area of the body, the blood
      volume and the physical capacity for work.

PMID- 18145274
TI  - The interpretation of biochemical detail revealed by inborn errors.

PMID- 18145275
TI  - Gene action and mutation.

PMID- 18145276
TI  - A metabolic product of Aspergillus ustus (Bainier) Thom & church.

PMID- 18145277
TI  - Treatment of an exposed pulp in a deciduous molar tooth.

PMID- 18145278
TI  - The anodic treatment of aluminium and its alloys for use in the mouth.

PMID- 18145279
TI  - Unerupted lower third molar in the region of the condyle.

PMID- 18145280
TI  - The removal of resistant teeth.

PMID- 18145281
TI  - Early eruption of third molars.

PMID- 18145282
TI  - Oral diseases and tumors complicating periodontal diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 18145283
TI  - The metabolism of minerals and vitamins and the effect of systemic conditions on
      dental caries.

PMID- 18145284
TI  - Leukopenia and delayed healing after roentgen therapy for lymphosarcoma; report
      of a case.

PMID- 18145285
TI  - REPORT of Amalgamation Drafting Committee.

PMID- 18145286
TI  - A plan to improve the physical status of selectees for military training prior to
      induction.

PMID- 18145288
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145287
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145289
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145290
TI  - Roentgen therapy for hyperhidrosis; observation of 122 patients.

PMID- 18145291
TI  - Solid carbon dioxide therapy for cystic acne.

PMID- 18145292
TI  - Concurrent fungous infection of the skin; report of a case.

PMID- 18145293
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145294
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145295
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145296
TI  - An endocrine finding apparently characteristic of gout; very low urinary 17
      ketosteroid excretion with clinically normal androgenic function.

PMID- 18145297
TI  - Misbranding of Rx legend drugs.

PMID- 18145298
TI  - The Food and Drug Administration looks at insecticides.

PMID- 18145299
TI  - Use of Grenz rays in the crime laboratory.

PMID- 18145300
TI  - Electrophoretic properties of pea proteins.

PMID- 18145301
TI  - Chemistry of the heavy elements.

PMID- 18145302
TI  - Scintillation counters using organic compounds.

PMID- 18145303
TI  - The hydrogen electrode.

PMID- 18145304
TI  - Intermittent periosteal activity.

PMID- 18145305
TI  - Trypsin splitting and denaturation of beta-lactoglobulin.

PMID- 18145307
TI  - The regulation of temperature in the application of high frequency induction
      heating to thermodynamic measurements.

PMID- 18145308
TI  - A counter controllable high pressure cloud chamber.

PMID- 18145309
TI  - Measurement of the thickness of thin nylon films.

PMID- 18145310
TI  - Do parents want boys or girls?

PMID- 18145311
TI  - Notes on the conception of type.

PMID- 18145312
TI  - X-ray visualization of the placenta; experiences with soft-tissue and
      cystographic techniques in the diagnosis of placenta previa.

PMID- 18145313
TI  - The effect of veratrum viride on the urine volume, blood pressure and pulse rate
      in normal and toxemic pregnancy.

PMID- 18145314
TI  - Diagnosis and management of rupture of the uterus; with a study of 64 maternal
      deaths.

PMID- 18145315
TI  - Hyaluronidase in treatment of human sterility; allergic reaction.

PMID- 18145316
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145317
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145318
TI  - GROUP medical services for small plants.

PMID- 18145319
TI  - HEALTH education in industry.

PMID- 18145321
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145320
TI  - Lead hazards at scrap burning operations.

PMID- 18145322
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145323
TI  - Psychosomatic factors in the adjustment of new immigrants.

PMID- 18145324
TI  - The clinical use of antihistaminic drugs.

PMID- 18145325
TI  - Relapsing typhoid fever.

PMID- 18145326
TI  - Streptomycin.

PMID- 18145327
TI  - Foreign body, fish, in nasopharynx.

PMID- 18145328
TI  - A case of neuromyelitis optica (Devic's disease) with recovery of useful vision.

PMID- 18145329
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145330
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145331
TI  - The biochemical management of anuria and oliguria.

PMID- 18145333
TI  - A simple gas analyzer.

PMID- 18145332
TI  - Studies on the function of the kidney in cardiac failure.

PMID- 18145334
TI  - The lipidolytic enzymes of larvae of Galleria mellonella.

PMID- 18145335
TI  - Emotional disorders and society.

PMID- 18145336
TI  - Changing concepts in therapeutics.

PMID- 18145337
TI  - Points of local chest tenderness in post-operative pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 18145338
TI  - Pulsus alternant and electrical alternation.

PMID- 18145339
TI  - Auricular alternation after propyl-thiouracil.

PMID- 18145341
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145340
TI  - The effect of podophyllin on pathogenic fungi and its clinical application in the
      treatment of tinea capitis; preliminary report.

PMID- 18145342
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145343
TI  - Some practical problems of the antirabies treatment [Hebrew text].

PMID- 18145344
TI  - The problem of typhoid in Israel, especially in Tel Aviv [Hebrew text].

PMID- 18145345
TI  - Identification of the Nadler type (R. Ettinger-Tulczinska, 1943) with Shigella
      sp. Q 1167 (Large-Sachs) and the presence of Shigella paradysenteriae Boyd III &
      V (Flexner XI & XIII) in Israel.

PMID- 18145346
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145347
TI  - Experience with cardiolipin.

PMID- 18145348
TI  - Regional ileitis and neurosis.

PMID- 18145349
TI  - Acute regional ileitis in an 80-year-old male.

PMID- 18145350
TI  - A spectrophotometric method for determination of procaine and p-aminobenzoic
      acid.

PMID- 18145351
TI  - Service for the veteran at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Togus, Maine.

PMID- 18145352
TI  - Amicrobic pyuria; a report of two cases.

PMID- 18145353
TI  - The rise in hospital costs.

PMID- 18145354
TI  - The climacteric and its management.

PMID- 18145356
TI  - Exfoliative cytology; pathological aspects.

PMID- 18145355
TI  - Familial repetition of myelomeningocele.

PMID- 18145357
TI  - Heart block.

PMID- 18145358
TI  - The swollen leg.

PMID- 18145359
TI  - Aneurysms of the abdominal aorta.

PMID- 18145360
TI  - The effect of splenectomy in the hemolytic anemias.

PMID- 18145361
TI  - Effects of anterior pituitary growth hormone preparations on the glutamine
      glutaminase system.

PMID- 18145362
TI  - Cancer of the rectum; a report of 41 cases.

PMID- 18145363
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145364
TI  - Partition chromatography on paper; identification of reducing substances in
      urine.

PMID- 18145365
TI  - Retarded growth of limbs as a sequel of encephalitis lethargica.

PMID- 18145366
TI  - Aerium, preventorium, and sanatorium.

PMID- 18145367
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145368
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145370
TI  - What's in the Hill Health Bill.

PMID- 18145369
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145371
TI  - Jail terms for fee-splitters?

PMID- 18145372
TI  - Prizes, medals, and cash awards.

PMID- 18145373
TI  - Pyelitis (pyelonephritis) of pregnancy.

PMID- 18145374
TI  - The modern treatment of pernicious anaemia.

PMID- 18145375
TI  - The clinical value of liver function tests.

PMID- 18145376
TI  - Eosinophilia in allergy.

PMID- 18145377
TI  - The treatment of anaemia.

PMID- 18145378
TI  - A substitute for buttermilk and its use in infant feeding.

PMID- 18145379
TI  - A successful method of artificial insemination using a modified vagina speculum.

PMID- 18145380
TI  - Acne vulgaris.

PMID- 18145381
TI  - Arachnoiditis.

PMID- 18145382
TI  - Morning sickness; a simple treatment.

PMID- 18145383
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145384
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145385
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145386
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145387
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145388
TI  - Acute coronary occlusion simulating acute abdominal disease.

PMID- 18145389
TI  - A clinical study of the effect of urecholine on paralytic ileus and urinary
      retention.

PMID- 18145390
TI  - Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis.

PMID- 18145391
TI  - Trichinosis complicating pregnancy.

PMID- 18145392
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145393
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145394
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145395
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145396
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145397
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145398
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145399
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145400
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145401
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145402
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145403
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145404
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145405
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145406
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145407
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145408
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145409
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145410
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145412
TI  - Isolation of an L type culture from a Gram positive spore-bearing bacillus.

PMID- 18145411
TI  - Role of potassium in dialysing fluid in treatment with the artificial kidney.

PMID- 18145413
TI  - Effect of pregnancy on the rat ovary transplanted to the spleen.

PMID- 18145414
TI  - Infection of mammalian erythrocytes by the avian malaria parasite, Plasmodium
      lophurae.

PMID- 18145415
TI  - Relationship of catalase activity to virulence in Pasteurella pestis.

PMID- 18145416
TI  - Effect of an antagonist of pteroylglutamin acid on the leukemia of Ak mice.

PMID- 18145417
TI  - Automatic measurement of alveolar CO2 in small animals.

PMID- 18145418
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145419
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145420
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145421
TI  - Medicine in Shakespeare's time.

PMID- 18145422
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145423
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145424
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145425
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145426
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145428
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145427
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145429
TI  - The role of the consulting services in war time.

PMID- 18145430
TI  - Sympathetic block therapy in treatment of neurogenic intestinal obstruction,
      pulmonary embolism, and in angina pectoris with paroxysmal tachycardia.

PMID- 18145431
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145432
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145433
TI  - On the tendency of Ewing's sarcoma to heal spontaneously, and on the alterations
      due to irradiation.

PMID- 18145434
TI  - The morbid anatomy of chronic arthritis.

PMID- 18145435
TI  - Care of the rheumatic in Sweden.

PMID- 18145436
TI  - Point of action of 3-o-toloxy-1, 2-propanediol and effects of nervous system.

PMID- 18145438
TI  - Disorders of the body image caused by lesions of the right parietal lobe.

PMID- 18145437
TI  - Proprioception and the motor cortex.

PMID- 18145439
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145440
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145441
TI  - Electroshock and other therapeutic considerations in sexual psychopathy.

PMID- 18145442
TI  - Developing the nursing team at St. Luke's, Chicago.

PMID- 18145443
TI  - The dietitians role in the education of medical students.

PMID- 18145444
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145446
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145445
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145447
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145448
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145449
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145450
TI  - Some recent advances in contact lens technique.

PMID- 18145451
TI  - Transneuronal chemical changes in Deiters nucleus.

PMID- 18145452
TI  - Meniere's syndrome; observations on vitamin deficiency as the causative factor;
      the vestibular disturbance.

PMID- 18145453
TI  - Intranasal medication with vasoconstrictors.

PMID- 18145454
TI  - Studies on the blood factor rhw.

PMID- 18145455
TI  - Rapid measurement of serum total base and estimation of serum sodium; an improved
      conductivity assembly.

PMID- 18145456
TI  - The use of silicone-coated needles in blood donor sets.

PMID- 18145457
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145458
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145460
TI  - Growth in infants under abnormal conditions.

PMID- 18145459
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145461
TI  - Paroxysmal tachycardia in infancy.

PMID- 18145462
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145463
TI  - Joint allergy.

PMID- 18145464
TI  - Oral administration of penicillin in infants.

PMID- 18145465
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145466
TI  - Amigen-dextri-maltose feeding of the newborn; preliminary report.

PMID- 18145467
TI  - [The aureomycin].

PMID- 18145468
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145469
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145470
TI  - The microbiological determination of choline.

PMID- 18145471
TI  - Fluorescence of powdered vegetable drugs with particular reference to development
      of a system of identification.

PMID- 18145472
TI  - The antipyretic action of some derivatives of salicylic acid, p-aminophenol, and
      dihydropyrazolon.

PMID- 18145473
TI  - The isolation of the toxic principle of Oenanthe crocata.

PMID- 18145474
TI  - The assay of mersalyl.

PMID- 18145475
TI  - Efferent nervous pathways involved in cutaneous vasodilatation induced by
      activation of hypothalamic heat loss mechanisms.

PMID- 18145476
TI  - Effects of antihistamine compounds on the adrenaline liberation from the
      suprarenals.

PMID- 18145477
TI  - The rate of lactate utilization in man during work and at rest.

PMID- 18145478
TI  - Ideal alveolar air and the analysis of ventilation-perfusion relationships in the
      lungs.

PMID- 18145481
TI  - The role of reward in psychotherapy.

PMID- 18145482
TI  - TELEPATHY between twins, based on About twins by Horatio H. Newman.

PMID- 18145483
TI  - The effects of intra-maze delay; a gap in the maze.

PMID- 18145484
TI  - Drive intensity discrimination in the albino rat.

PMID- 18145485
TI  - A study of the process of nondirective therapy.

PMID- 18145486
TI  - An evaluation of nine nondirective psychotherapy cases by means of the Rorschach.

PMID- 18145487
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145488
TI  - National Cancer Institute program of postgraduate training for physicians.

PMID- 18145489
TI  - Pilot mental health clinic; first annual report of Prince Georges County Clinic.

PMID- 18145490
TI  - Tips on backwashing of ion exchangers.

PMID- 18145491
TI  - The future of home garbage grinders.

PMID- 18145493
TI  - The chemistry of water treatment.

PMID- 18145492
TI  - Preconditioning and digestion of sewage sludge.

PMID- 18145494
TI  - Behavior of chlorine as a water disinfectant.

PMID- 18145495
TI  - Results of effluent chlorination at Cleveland.

PMID- 18145496
TI  - Physical problems of fluoroscopy and spot-film radiography.

PMID- 18145497
TI  - Peptic ulcer; modern criteria for diagnosis and attempted diagnosis of healing.

PMID- 18145498
TI  - Chronic constrictive tuberculous pericarditis; report of a case with
      pericardiectomy.

PMID- 18145499
TI  - Cerebral air embolism associated with spontaneous pneumothorax.

PMID- 18145500
TI  - Tomography of larynx in disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18145502
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145503
TI  - The changing role of the occupational therapist.

PMID- 18145504
TI  - Action of the deltoid muscle.

PMID- 18145506
TI  - Helminthiasis of the intestinal wall caused by Oesophagostomum aplostomum
      (Willach, 1891) Railliet and Henry, 1905.

PMID- 18145505
TI  - The late effects of minor degrees of poor posture.

PMID- 18145507
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145508
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145509
TI  - Parenchymal carcinoma of the kidney.

PMID- 18145510
TI  - Ureterovesical calculus.

PMID- 18145511
TI  - Ureteral reflux in the normal child.

PMID- 18145512
TI  - Osteogenesis occurring in carcinoma of the prostate.

PMID- 18145513
TI  - Anorchism.

PMID- 18145514
TI  - Vulvar fusion.

PMID- 18145515
TI  - Implanter for radon seeds for use with the McCarthy foroblique pan-endoscope.

PMID- 18145516
TI  - Syphilis antigen from the soya bean.

PMID- 18145517
TI  - Nevada outlaws houses of prostitution.

PMID- 18145518
TI  - Situs inversus viscerum in conjoined triplets of the brook trout.

PMID- 18145519
TI  - Anesthesia in pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18145520
TI  - Use of hypospray in treatment of syphilis and gonorrhea; a painless technique.

PMID- 18145521
TI  - Centralization of the U.S. military medical service of the armed forces.

PMID- 18145523
TI  - The insecticidal action of some D.D.T. analogues and chlorinated (4-chlorophenyl)
      ethanes.

PMID- 18145524
TI  - Methods of estimating total runs and escapements of salmon.

PMID- 18145525
TI  - Acceleration and retardation of the onset of metamorphosis in two species of
      Bugula from the Woods Hole region.

PMID- 18145526
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145527
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145528
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145529
TI  - Radiokymography in patent ductus arteriosus.

PMID- 18145530
TI  - Transposition of the aorta and pulmonary artery demonstrated by
      angiocardiography.

PMID- 18145532
TI  - Zinc uptake by Neurospora.

PMID- 18145533
TI  - Purification of alkaline phosphatase by tryptic digestion.

PMID- 18145537
TI  - Autoxidation of the fatty acids.

PMID- 18145536
TI  - Metabolism of radioactive strontium in the rabbit.

PMID- 18145538
TI  - The influence of bicarbonate upon glucuronide synthesis.

PMID- 18145539
TI  - Colorimetry by abridged spectrophotometry.

PMID- 18145540
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145541
TI  - Bone regeneration with a periodontal splint; a case report.

PMID- 18145542
TI  - External malar-mandibular fixation in fractures of the maxilla and the mandible.

PMID- 18145543
TI  - Anesthesia in oral surgery.

PMID- 18145544
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the maxilla in a 3-month-old infant; report of case.

PMID- 18145545
TI  - The occurrence of spontaneous mediastinal emphysema during dental treatment;
      report of case.

PMID- 18145546
TI  - Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint; an evaluation of the literature.

PMID- 18145548
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145547
TI  - Toothbrush instruction by a controlled method.

PMID- 18145549
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145550
TI  - A clinical appraisal of the cold wave process.

PMID- 18145551
TI  - Porphyria with cutaneous manifestations.

PMID- 18145552
TI  - Pustular psoriasis.

PMID- 18145553
TI  - Psychogenic localized hyperhidrosis.

PMID- 18145554
TI  - Pityriasis lichenoides chronica, Juliusberg? urticaria pigmentosa?

PMID- 18145555
TI  - A case for diagnosis [Kaposi's sarcoma?].

PMID- 18145556
TI  - Vascular nevus; hemangiomas of the left leg and thigh.

PMID- 18145557
TI  - Atrophic lichen planus? poikiloderma?

PMID- 18145558
TI  - Yaws (tertiary).

PMID- 18145559
TI  - Lupus vulgaris.

PMID- 18145560
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145561
TI  - [Pruritus caused by streptomycin].

PMID- 18145562
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145563
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145564
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145565
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145566
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145567
TI  - The use of ordinary toads and frogs for pregnancy tests.

PMID- 18145568
TI  - Evaluation of methods of enumerating sternal marrow eosinophils.

PMID- 18145569
TI  - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with intestinal bleeding; case report and
      therapy with tropical thrombin.

PMID- 18145570
TI  - The level of plasma pseudo-cholinesterase in hypophysectomized and
      hypophysectomized thyroxine-treated rats.

PMID- 18145571
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145572
TI  - The exposition of chorioallantoic membranes of the chick embryo to granules from
      embryonic tissue.

PMID- 18145573
TI  - The effect of patulin on tissue cultures.

PMID- 18145574
TI  - Synergism of the effect of local anaesthetics on the isolated guinea-pig
      intestine.

PMID- 18145575
TI  - Pathological role of d,1-alpha-to-copherol in premature new-born.

PMID- 18145576
TI  - An improved high frequency conductimetric titration apparatus.

PMID- 18145577
TI  - The role of the subepidermal nervous system in the locomotion of the earthworm.

PMID- 18145578
TI  - Fatigue and neuromuscular block in mammalian skeletal muscle.

PMID- 18145579
TI  - Myothermic methods.

PMID- 18145580
TI  - The onset of contraction.

PMID- 18145581
TI  - The haemoglobins of Nippostrongylus muris (Yokagawa) and Strongylus spp.

PMID- 18145582
TI  - Preliminary report on an experimental project in supervision in clinical
      psychology.

PMID- 18145583
TI  - Classifying malocclusion.

PMID- 18145584
TI  - Schizophrenia in monozygotic twins.

PMID- 18145585
TI  - [Ventrosuspension for treatment of sterility, dysmenorrhea and uterine prolapse].

PMID- 18145586
TI  - [Coronary insufficiency in pregnant women].

PMID- 18145587
TI  - Illustration in printed medical books.

PMID- 18145588
TI  - The earliest printed references in newspapers and journals to the first public
      demonstration of ether anesthesia in 1846.

PMID- 18145589
TI  - SICKLY Truman Health bill passes into deep coma.

PMID- 18145590
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145591
TI  - On the use of prolongal-benzocaine in ambulatory proctology.

PMID- 18145592
TI  - Improving tabular presentation.

PMID- 18145593
TI  - Thymol turbidity test, Takata-Ara's test, and Gros' test in icteric conditions.

PMID- 18145594
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145595
TI  - Benadryl and stramonium in parkinsonism.

PMID- 18145596
TI  - Care of the feet in peripheral vascular disease.

PMID- 18145597
TI  - Insulin resistant diabetes mellitus associated with dwarfism.

PMID- 18145598
TI  - Hemolytic anemia.

PMID- 18145599
TI  - Ear discharge.

PMID- 18145600
TI  - Health security and medical assistance scheme for railway and factory workers.

PMID- 18145601
TI  - A case of leprosy treated with promin.

PMID- 18145602
TI  - Emetine hydrochloride and sulpha drugs combinations.

PMID- 18145603
TI  - Scabies and its treatment.

PMID- 18145604
TI  - Radioactive isotopes in the study of peripheral vascular disease; derivation of a
      circulatory index.

PMID- 18145605
TI  - Asymptomatic myocardial infarction.

PMID- 18145606
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145607
TI  - The diagnosis and management of threatening thrombosis.

PMID- 18145608
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145609
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145611
TI  - Cushing's syndrome; a review.

PMID- 18145610
TI  - Clinical application of an artificial kidney.

PMID- 18145612
TI  - Pain in the lumbosacral region.

PMID- 18145613
TI  - Rheumatic heart disease in children.

PMID- 18145614
TI  - Physiologic principles in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18145615
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145616
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145617
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145619
TI  - Degenerative diseases; a backward and a forward look.

PMID- 18145618
TI  - Abdominal pregnancy; a case report.

PMID- 18145620
TI  - A program of action to meet national health needs.

PMID- 18145621
TI  - Hemoptysis in patients with heart disease.

PMID- 18145622
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145623
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145624
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145625
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145626
TI  - Prostatic surgery in the Robert Packer Hospital during 1948.

PMID- 18145627
TI  - Dermatological problems in connection with mass vaccination against smallpox
      [Hebrew text].

PMID- 18145628
TI  - Gumma of the heart; a report of three cases.

PMID- 18145629
TI  - Tuberculosis of the kidney.

PMID- 18145630
TI  - Excretion of nicotinic acid in normal healthy human beings.

PMID- 18145631
TI  - The present outlook in plague.

PMID- 18145632
TI  - General medical practice and the emotional problems of children.

PMID- 18145633
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145634
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145635
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145636
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145637
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145638
TI  - Transurethral prostatectomy; a review of 100 cases.

PMID- 18145639
TI  - Retropubic prostatectomy.

PMID- 18145640
TI  - Peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18145641
TI  - The medical treatment of cerebrovascular accidents.

PMID- 18145642
TI  - Medical uses of vitamin E.

PMID- 18145643
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145644
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145645
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145646
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145647
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145648
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145649
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145650
TI  - Constipation.

PMID- 18145651
TI  - Headache; clinical varieties and therapeutic suggestions.

PMID- 18145652
TI  - The general practitioner and the clinical investigation of some chronic pulmonary
      diseases.

PMID- 18145654
TI  - Hydrotherapy for psychiatric patients.

PMID- 18145653
TI  - Epidemic pulmonary disease.

PMID- 18145655
TI  - Congenital tricuspid atresia; a classification.

PMID- 18145656
TI  - Leptospirosis at Innisfail.

PMID- 18145657
TI  - Some aspects of nutrition as related to the practice of obstetrics and
      gynaecology.

PMID- 18145658
TI  - The official medical histories of the War of 1939 to 1945.

PMID- 18145659
TI  - Functional nervous disorders in children.

PMID- 18145660
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145661
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145662
TI  - Surgery for the prevention of pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 18145663
TI  - Ectropion left upper eyelid corrected by skin graft; hair graft to left brow and
      correction of left monocular convergent strabismus.

PMID- 18145664
TI  - Volvulus of the cecum.

PMID- 18145665
TI  - Apiectomy.

PMID- 18145666
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145667
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145668
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145669
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145670
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145671
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145672
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145673
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145674
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145675
TI  - A medical survey of the Aleutian Islands, 1948.

PMID- 18145676
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of pancreas, with retroperitoneal and splenic extension.

PMID- 18145677
TI  - Continuous caudal anesthesia in obstetrics; observations of results in 12,000
      cases.

PMID- 18145678
TI  - Prophylactic and therapeutic indications for tracheotomy during surgical
      intervention.

PMID- 18145679
TI  - The administration of curare by electrophoresis; preliminary report.

PMID- 18145680
TI  - Hematoma of the umbilical cord.

PMID- 18145681
TI  - Uterine displacements.

PMID- 18145682
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 18145683
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145684
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145685
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145686
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145687
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145688
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145689
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145690
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145691
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145692
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145693
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145694
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145695
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145696
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145697
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145698
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145699
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145700
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145701
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145702
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145704
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145705
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145706
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145707
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145708
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145710
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145709
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145711
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145712
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145713
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145714
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145715
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145716
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145717
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145718
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145719
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid on capillary fragility.

PMID- 18145720
TI  - Circulatory relations of the ankle.

PMID- 18145721
TI  - Studies on the mechanisms of podophyllin action on tumors and normal skin.

PMID- 18145722
TI  - The importance of hemolysis during transurethral resection.

PMID- 18145723
TI  - Lobectomy in solitary metastasis of the lung.

PMID- 18145725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145724
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145726
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145727
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145728
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145729
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145730
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145731
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145732
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145733
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145734
TI  - Case reports on two accident cases, in each of which a steel rod penetrated the
      body.

PMID- 18145735
TI  - Use of immune serum globulin (human) as prophylaxis against poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18145736
TI  - The effect of intravenous procaine on the electrocardiogram of man.

PMID- 18145737
TI  - The effect of thymic extracts on neuro-muscular response.

PMID- 18145739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145738
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145741
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145742
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145743
TI  - The injection treatment of internal hemorrhoids.

PMID- 18145744
TI  - Pregnancy and labor complicated by heart disease.

PMID- 18145745
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145746
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145748
TI  - Office gynecology.

PMID- 18145747
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145749
TI  - The sex deviate problem in Wisconsin.

PMID- 18145750
TI  - Torsion of the testicle.

PMID- 18145751
TI  - Biopsies from the pathologist's viewpoint.

PMID- 18145752
TI  - Plaster impressions of amputation stumps.

PMID- 18145753
TI  - Medical writings.

PMID- 18145754
TI  - Distribution of molds and shades.

PMID- 18145755
TI  - Medical administration.

PMID- 18145757
TI  - Non-American doctors.

PMID- 18145756
TI  - Medical personnel situation.

PMID- 18145758
TI  - Evacuation.

PMID- 18145759
TI  - Promises made to patients.

PMID- 18145760
TI  - Immunizations and immunizing agents.

PMID- 18145761
TI  - Ward and mess attendant training.

PMID- 18145762
TI  - Infected wounds; gas gangrene and tetanus.

PMID- 18145763
TI  - Rupture of thoracic aortic aneurysm into esophagus.

PMID- 18145764
TI  - Diseases of the chest; tuberculosis.

PMID- 18145765
TI  - Osteopathic management of the obstetrical case.

PMID- 18145766
TI  - A study of endometriosis.

PMID- 18145767
TI  - Modern obstetrical analgesia.

PMID- 18145768
TI  - Advances in endocrinology related to obstetrics and gynecology.

PMID- 18145769
TI  - Experimental investigations into the aetiology of Calve-Perthes' disease.

PMID- 18145770
TI  - Lambrinudi's operation for drop-foot.

PMID- 18145771
TI  - On Denis Browne's treatment of club-foot.

PMID- 18145772
TI  - The scalenus anticus syndrome; report of an instructive case.

PMID- 18145773
TI  - Olecranon fractures treated in the Orthopaedic Hospital, Copenhagen 1936-47; a
      follow-up examination.

PMID- 18145775
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145774
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145776
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145777
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145778
TI  - The Inter-American series of parallel tests for children of different languages.

PMID- 18145779
TI  - Spasmodic torticollis; physiologic analysis of involuntary motor activity.

PMID- 18145780
TI  - Optokinetic response and intracranial lesions.

PMID- 18145781
TI  - Cerebral complications following the injection of tetanus antitoxin; report of a
      case.

PMID- 18145782
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145783
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145784
TI  - Observation of trends in manic-depressive psychosis.

PMID- 18145785
TI  - The role of identification in psychiatric and psychoanalytic training.

PMID- 18145787
TI  - Inadequacy of the 24 hour dietary history as a true estimate of food intake in
      times of acute food shortage as demonstrated by experience in Vienna in 1946.

PMID- 18145786
TI  - Countertransferences and attitudes of the analyst in the therapeutic process.

PMID- 18145788
TI  - Permanent colostomy in the rat.

PMID- 18145789
TI  - Nutrition and susceptibility to infection.

PMID- 18145790
TI  - Vitamin C and immunity.

PMID- 18145791
TI  - Antivitamins and other factors influencing vitamin activity.

PMID- 18145792
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145793
TI  - Rachitogenic effect of some green fodders for sheep.

PMID- 18145794
TI  - Studies on the intra-ocular fluids; the penetration of some nitrogenous
      substances into the intraocular fluids.

PMID- 18145795
TI  - Diseases of the salivary glands and their ducts.

PMID- 18145796
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145797
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145798
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145799
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145800
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145801
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145802
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145803
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145804
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145805
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145806
TI  - Vertical vergences.

PMID- 18145807
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145808
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145809
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145810
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145811
TI  - Nonencapsulated adrenal cortical tissue in the peri-adrenal fat.

PMID- 18145813
TI  - Oncocytoma of the parotid gland.

PMID- 18145812
TI  - Experimental infarction of bone and marrow.

PMID- 18145814
TI  - Plasma vitamin A and its clinical significance; a review.

PMID- 18145815
TI  - Constricting vascular rings; report of two cases with recurrent respiratory
      infections.

PMID- 18145816
TI  - A case of amyotonia congenita associated with occlusion of the sagittal sinus and
      bilateral subdural hygroma; demonstration of occlusion by diotrast sinography.

PMID- 18145818
TI  - Hemophilia.

PMID- 18145817
TI  - Peritonitis due to ingestion of glass chipped from baby-food container.

PMID- 18145819
TI  - Hypothyroidism.

PMID- 18145820
TI  - Enuresis in children.

PMID- 18145821
TI  - OTITIS media and its therapy.

PMID- 18145822
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145823
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145824
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145826
TI  - Pharmaceutical education in New South Wales.

PMID- 18145825
TI  - A water-miscible tar-sulphur-salicylic ointment.

PMID- 18145827
TI  - Should not the official formula of calamine lotion be revised?

PMID- 18145828
TI  - Antibiotic lactones and synthetic analogs; cardiotonic effects on the isolated
      frog heart.

PMID- 18145829
TI  - Amino aciduria in uranium poisoning; the response to different amounts of uranium
      given intravenously and by inhalation.

PMID- 18145830
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145831
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145832
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145833
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145834
TI  - Interruption of afferent pain paths from the stomach by nerve and root sections
      in the cat.

PMID- 18145835
TI  - The relation between self-assessment and test indications of practical ability.

PMID- 18145836
TI  - Note on the computation of the inverse of a triangular matrix.

PMID- 18145837
TI  - A note on the estimation of test reliability by the Kuder-Richardson formula
      (20).

PMID- 18145838
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145840
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145839
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145841
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145842
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145843
TI  - Progress in diphtheria control.

PMID- 18145844
TI  - Limits for toxic wastes in sewage treatment.

PMID- 18145845
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145846
TI  - Complete block of the lumbar spinal canal due to herniation of the nucleus
      pulposus.

PMID- 18145847
TI  - The role of the X-ray technician in cerebral angiography.

PMID- 18145848
TI  - Pelvimetry.

PMID- 18145849
TI  - Psychological aspects in child radiography.

PMID- 18145850
TI  - Additional positions in radiographic examinations of the mandible and mastoids.

PMID- 18145851
TI  - Skeletal pinning and external fixation; pros and cons.

PMID- 18145852
TI  - Technic of presacral neurectomy.

PMID- 18145853
TI  - Brachial plexus block anesthesia.

PMID- 18145854
TI  - Factors which influence mortality in duodenal and gastric surgery.

PMID- 18145855
TI  - Cystadenoma of the pancreas.

PMID- 18145856
TI  - Intestinal obstruction due to mesenteric hiatus.

PMID- 18145857
TI  - The fallacy of the so-called thyroid capsule.

PMID- 18145858
TI  - Experimental studies in vascular repair; strength of arteries repaired by end to
      end suture; with some notes on growth of anastomosis in young animals.

PMID- 18145859
TI  - Preservation of the anal sphincter in surgical procedures in the rectosigmoid
      region.

PMID- 18145860
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145861
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145862
TI  - The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the light of new knowledge.

PMID- 18145863
TI  - Occupational therapy in a children's hospital; a psychiatric viewpoint.

PMID- 18145864
TI  - The measurement of joint motion; the technic of goniometry.

PMID- 18145865
TI  - Pamaquine poisoning in man, with a clinicopathologic study of one case.

PMID- 18145866
TI  - Epidemic typhus in southwestern Arabia.

PMID- 18145867
TI  - Some principles of fly control for the sanitarian.

PMID- 18145868
TI  - Tuberculosis in nurses in a New Zealand hospital.

PMID- 18145869
TI  - Education and guidance relating to marriage and family living.

PMID- 18145870
TI  - WHAT-when and how of sex education in schools.

PMID- 18145871
TI  - Nuclear and cytoplasmic interrelations in the fertilization of the Asterias egg.

PMID- 18145872
TI  - Plant hormones, growth and respiration.

PMID- 18145873
TI  - Immunological studies in embryology and genetics.

PMID- 18145874
TI  - Relationship between the reduction in coronary flow and the appearance of
      electrocardiographic changes.

PMID- 18145875
TI  - A device for measuring the mean electrical axis of the heart.

PMID- 18145876
TI  - The group structure of some neural nets.

PMID- 18145877
TI  - The precision of weighings.

PMID- 18145878
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145879
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145880
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145881
TI  - Classical radioactivity, 1940-1949.

PMID- 18145882
TI  - The influence of prosthetic and operative restorations on bitter taste-testing
      ability.

PMID- 18145883
TI  - Orthodontic education within the scheme of dental education.

PMID- 18145884
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145885
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145886
TI  - Prolapse of antral lining.

PMID- 18145887
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145888
TI  - A new approach in the treatment of gum disease due to increased capillary
      fragility.

PMID- 18145889
TI  - The etiology of dental caries; a system of analysis of the literature.

PMID- 18145890
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145891
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145892
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145893
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145894
TI  - The treatment of erythema multiforme exudativum with bismuth salts and other
      spirochaeticides.

PMID- 18145895
TI  - Case of anetoderma.

PMID- 18145896
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145897
TI  - [Neurosyphilis treated with malaria and tryparsamide].

PMID- 18145898
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145899
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145900
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145901
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145902
TI  - Acute amebic dysentery.

PMID- 18145903
TI  - A consideration of certain sources of error in the positive diagnosis of gastric
      carcinoma.

PMID- 18145904
TI  - Hiatus hernia and carcinoma of the stomach and esophagus.

PMID- 18145905
TI  - Primary systemic amyloidosis with jaundice and hemorrhage.

PMID- 18145906
TI  - Regurgitation and rumination.

PMID- 18145907
TI  - The diabetogenic activity of growth-promoting pituitary extracts in rats.

PMID- 18145908
TI  - The influence of adrenal cortical hormones upon immunity in cold-blooded
      vertebrates.

PMID- 18145909
TI  - Is sociology a natural science?

PMID- 18145910
TI  - West Indian family organization.

PMID- 18145911
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145912
TI  - Finding photographic information.

PMID- 18145913
TI  - Observation of nuclear disintegrations below ground.

PMID- 18145914
TI  - Release of histamine by ammonia.

PMID- 18145915
TI  - A method for studying the chemistry of cacao fermentation.

PMID- 18145916
TI  - An aerobic medium for fungus growth studies.

PMID- 18145917
TI  - Fibrous proteins.

PMID- 18145918
TI  - Application of research by the textile industry.

PMID- 18145920
TI  - The craters of the moon.

PMID- 18145919
TI  - An improved technique in detergency evaluation.

PMID- 18145921
TI  - The physiology of whales.

PMID- 18145922
TI  - How to be your own weatherman.

PMID- 18145923
TI  - RADIO never hurt anyone's ears but what can television do to your eyes?

PMID- 18145924
TI  - Medicine and social service.

PMID- 18145926
TI  - INFANT mortality lowest in summer.

PMID- 18145925
TI  - Library of Congress services to social science.

PMID- 18145927
TI  - WAR and the sex ratio of births.

PMID- 18145928
TI  - SMALLPOX cases at new low in 1948.

PMID- 18145929
TI  - The excretory system of Physaloptera varani Parona 1889.

PMID- 18145930
TI  - Race mixture; a social or a biological problem?

PMID- 18145931
TI  - [Contribution to the study of serum cholinesterase in gynecology and pregnancy in
      normal and pathological].

PMID- 18145932
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145934
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145933
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145935
TI  - [Cervical endometriosis].

PMID- 18145936
TI  - Clinical and experimental observations on the effect of thiouracil and thiourea
      on the blood and bone marrow.

PMID- 18145938
TI  - Effects of electricity on the human body.

PMID- 18145937
TI  - The use of phenolized allantoic fluid antigen in the complement fixation test for
      psittacosis.

PMID- 18145939
TI  - Personal factors in industrial accidents; a study of accident proneness in an
      industrial group.

PMID- 18145940
TI  - Transperitoneal lavage for 26 days in the treatment of azotemia.

PMID- 18145941
TI  - The adrenal cortex.

PMID- 18145943
TI  - Epileptic equivalents, a cause for somatic symptoms.

PMID- 18145942
TI  - Immune response to H. pertussis vaccination; a study using the passive
      intraperitoneal mouse protection test.

PMID- 18145944
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145945
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145946
TI  - [Clinical and epidemiological aspects of minimal lesions of pulmonary
      tuberculosis in adults].

PMID- 18145947
TI  - Clinical signs and symptoms of early malnutrition.

PMID- 18145948
TI  - Vitamin deficiency diseases in infancy and childhood.

PMID- 18145949
TI  - Nutrition in surgical cases.

PMID- 18145950
TI  - Nutrition in enteric group of fevers.

PMID- 18145951
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145952
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145953
TI  - The use in children of procaine penicillin with aluminium monostearate.

PMID- 18145954
TI  - Spontaneous circumrenal haematoma; a review and report of two cases.

PMID- 18145955
TI  - A case of Curling's ulcer.

PMID- 18145956
TI  - A note on electric automatic computing machines.

PMID- 18145957
TI  - Threatened abortion simulating ectopic gestation.

PMID- 18145958
TI  - Massive hemorrhage from peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18145959
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145961
TI  - Treatment of angina pectoris.

PMID- 18145960
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145962
TI  - The basal ganglia; anatomical, clinical and surgical considerations.

PMID- 18145963
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145964
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145965
TI  - What's new in aureomycin and other antibiotics.

PMID- 18145966
TI  - What's new in surgery.

PMID- 18145967
TI  - Crossed leg palsy; with report of a recurrent case.
AB  - A form of peroneal palsy may be caused by crossing the legs. Two physical factors
      pressure and tension - are the basic causes, although other factors may be
      contributory. Direct pressure is applied by the bones of the two legs,
      compressing the peroneal nerve between them at its superficial part near the head
      and neck of the fibula. The palsy may be overlooked as an integral part of a
      widespread disorder so that careful evaluation and observation of the patient's
      habits are required. Detection becomes especially difficult when the palsy is
      bilateral, for then the lesion by virtue of its symmetry blends more readily with
      associated polyneuritis. A case of recurrent peroneal palsy due to crossing the
      legs in a prolonged postoperative convalescence is reported in detail.

PMID- 18145968
TI  - Bone tumors.

PMID- 18145969
TI  - A new view on the use of dicoumarol in the pregnant patient.

PMID- 18145970
TI  - Amoebiasis in veterans.

PMID- 18145971
TI  - Pregnancy in thyrotoxicosis under treatment with thiouracil.

PMID- 18145972
TI  - Subacromial bursitis; a classification and an evaluation of the results of
      roentgen therapy.

PMID- 18145973
TI  - Multiple precordial leads.

PMID- 18145974
TI  - Typhoid fever treated with Phthalylsulfacetimide.

PMID- 18145975
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145976
TI  - The local treatment of burns and scalds.

PMID- 18145977
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145978
TI  - Primary atypical pneumonia, etiology unknown; a critical study and presentation
      of 33 cases.

PMID- 18145979
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145980
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145981
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145982
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145984
TI  - Leukemoid reactions.

PMID- 18145983
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18145985
TI  - Perforated peptic ulcer in a Meckel's diverticulum in a child; a case report.

PMID- 18145986
TI  - The collagen diseases.

PMID- 18145987
TI  - [Dose of vaccine B C G].

PMID- 18145988
TI  - Congenital cyanotic heart disease.

PMID- 18145989
TI  - Jejunal diverticulosis.

PMID- 18145990
TI  - Operative vs nonoperative procedures for uterine fibroids.

PMID- 18145991
TI  - A mirror for patients with hemianopsia.

PMID- 18145992
TI  - Endometriosis of the appendix in conjunction with pregnancy.

PMID- 18145993
TI  - Appendicitis in pregnancy.

PMID- 18145994
TI  - Treatment of the acute infections of the nervous system.

PMID- 18145995
TI  - The treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia.

PMID- 18145996
TI  - Sturge-Weber syndrome with case report.

PMID- 18145997
TI  - Tetraethyl ammonium chloride in the treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans;
      preliminary report.

PMID- 18145998
TI  - The problem of the ruptured lumbar intervertebral disc.

PMID- 18145999
TI  - Prognosis on sprains.

PMID- 18146000
TI  - Acute infectious lymphocytosis.

PMID- 18146001
TI  - Management and assessment of peripheral nerve injuries.

PMID- 18146002
TI  - Haematuria; causes and investigation.

PMID- 18146003
TI  - The need for a national health program.

PMID- 18146004
TI  - Protecting eyesight in Philippine industry.

PMID- 18146005
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146006
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146007
TI  - Retinitis pigmentosa associated with cystinuria; two uncommon inherited
      conditions occurring in a family.

PMID- 18146009
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146008
TI  - Greek peasant remedies.

PMID- 18146010
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146011
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146012
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146013
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146014
TI  - Tropical parasites in Manitoba.

PMID- 18146015
TI  - On blood transfusion.

PMID- 18146016
TI  - Endotracheal tubes.

PMID- 18146018
TI  - Group practice.

PMID- 18146017
TI  - [Ophthalmoscopy new direction in the classification of hypertension].

PMID- 18146019
TI  - Women physicians.

PMID- 18146020
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146021
TI  - The treatment of empyema in infancy and childhood.

PMID- 18146022
TI  - The treatment of osteoarthritis.

PMID- 18146024
TI  - Non-articular rheumatism.

PMID- 18146023
TI  - Gout.

PMID- 18146025
TI  - Pressurized oxygen therapy; final report of a new method.

PMID- 18146027
TI  - Injuries of peripheral vessels.

PMID- 18146026
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146028
TI  - Morton's toe.

PMID- 18146029
TI  - Primary glaucoma; newer trends in treatment.

PMID- 18146030
TI  - Progressive cortical atrophy.

PMID- 18146031
TI  - Bilateral dislocation of the hip joint.

PMID- 18146032
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146033
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146034
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146035
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146037
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146036
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146038
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146039
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146040
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146041
TI  - The urge to interfere in obstetrics.

PMID- 18146042
TI  - Rupture of the appendix in a patient with situs inversus; report of a case.

PMID- 18146043
TI  - Congenital heart disease; with report of a case of adult coarctation of the
      aorta.

PMID- 18146044
TI  - Plea for the surgical treatment of appendicitis.

PMID- 18146045
TI  - Diphtheria.

PMID- 18146046
TI  - A case of abdominal pregnancy secondary to rupture of a rudimentary uterine
      cornu.

PMID- 18146048
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146047
TI  - [Radium treatment of the cancer of the rectum].

PMID- 18146049
TI  - Biopsy.

PMID- 18146050
TI  - Examination of the stools.

PMID- 18146051
TI  - The bacteriological investigation of pulmonary tuberculosis from the aspect of
      clinical pathology.

PMID- 18146052
TI  - The investigation of tinea infestations.

PMID- 18146053
TI  - Blood agglutination tests.

PMID- 18146055
TI  - Freckles.

PMID- 18146054
TI  - Tests of renal function.

PMID- 18146056
TI  - Sympathomimetic action and its antagonism.

PMID- 18146057
TI  - The use and abuse of calcium.

PMID- 18146058
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146059
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146060
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146061
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146062
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146063
TI  - Management of pregnancy complicated by toxic goiter; report of case.

PMID- 18146064
TI  - The hypotheses concerning the aetiology of dental caries.

PMID- 18146065
TI  - How to write a report.

PMID- 18146066
TI  - Discussion on manipulative treatment.

PMID- 18146067
TI  - The practical value of peripheral nerve repair.

PMID- 18146068
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146069
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146070
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146071
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146072
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146073
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146074
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146075
TI  - Ruptured intervertebral discs; diagnosis and treatment; neurosurgical aspects.

PMID- 18146076
TI  - Some dietary factors in cardiovascular diseases.

PMID- 18146078
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146077
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146080
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146079
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146081
TI  - Psychosomatic medicine.

PMID- 18146082
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146083
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146084
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146085
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146086
TI  - Cold allergy with a case report.

PMID- 18146087
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146088
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146090
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146089
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146091
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146092
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146093
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146094
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146095
TI  - TYPHOID and paratyphoid in the Canal Zone.

PMID- 18146096
TI  - GOGGLES or spectacles.

PMID- 18146097
TI  - CONTENTS of emergency cabinet for the treatment of poisoning.

PMID- 18146099
TI  - Nursing aspects of the rooming in plan.

PMID- 18146098
TI  - Epidemic diarrhea of the newborn.

PMID- 18146100
TI  - Group psychotherapy in a naval disciplinary barracks; preliminary report.

PMID- 18146101
TI  - Carcinoma of the ascending colon; report of a case.

PMID- 18146102
TI  - Plantar wart therapy.

PMID- 18146103
TI  - Acute virus hepatitis.

PMID- 18146104
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis; report of a case following herniorrhaphy.

PMID- 18146105
TI  - Plastic repair of surface defects in preparation for bone grafting.

PMID- 18146106
TI  - Field trial of Shigella flexneri III vaccine; background, scope, and organization
      of the program.

PMID- 18146108
TI  - The thymus gland.

PMID- 18146107
TI  - Endometriosis.

PMID- 18146109
TI  - The mechanism of the structural changes in scoliosis.

PMID- 18146110
TI  - Nutrient arteries of the vertebral bodies.

PMID- 18146111
TI  - The short first metatarsal; its incidence and clinical significance.

PMID- 18146112
TI  - Evolution of metaphyseal fibrous defects.

PMID- 18146113
TI  - Low insertion of the hip nail.

PMID- 18146114
TI  - Amputations for failure in reconstructive surgery.

PMID- 18146116
TI  - Fractures of the ankylosed spine.

PMID- 18146115
TI  - Spring splint to supinate or pronate the hand.

PMID- 18146117
TI  - The central nervous system in hepatic disease.

PMID- 18146118
TI  - Angiomatous malformation of the brain; a case of congenital arterio-venous
      angioma racemosum.

PMID- 18146119
TI  - The future of mental health education in England and Wales.

PMID- 18146120
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146121
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146122
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146123
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146125
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146124
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146126
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146127
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146128
TI  - Further observations on androgenic hormones and psychic conflict.

PMID- 18146129
TI  - Treatment by suggestion of verrucae planae of the face.

PMID- 18146130
TI  - Retrolental fibroplasia in prematurely born children.

PMID- 18146131
TI  - Herniation of the anterior hyaloid membrane following uncomplicated intracapsular
      cataract extraction.

PMID- 18146132
TI  - Vertical nystagmus on direct forward gaze with vertical oscillopsia.

PMID- 18146133
TI  - Some ocular effects of the systemic administration of antihistaminics.

PMID- 18146134
TI  - Abnormalities of the optic disc.

PMID- 18146135
TI  - Central choroiditis.

PMID- 18146136
TI  - Central chorioretinitis.

PMID- 18146137
TI  - Central scotoma due to pituitary tumor.

PMID- 18146138
TI  - Fatty degeneration of cornea.

PMID- 18146139
TI  - Supposed torsion of the eye around the visual axis in oblique directions of gaze.

PMID- 18146140
TI  - Congenital cyst of the vitreous; report of a case.

PMID- 18146141
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the ethmoid sinus.

PMID- 18146142
TI  - Suspension mechanism of the upper lip and the columella.

PMID- 18146143
TI  - Tracheal obstruction.

PMID- 18146144
TI  - The dynamics of nasal mucus.

PMID- 18146145
TI  - Local resection of carcinoma of the right main bronchus.

PMID- 18146146
TI  - A method for improvement of the curved nasal tip.

PMID- 18146147
TI  - Histoplasmin patch test.

PMID- 18146148
TI  - Cyanosis caused by methemoglobinemia.

PMID- 18146149
TI  - Wernicke's syndrome due to vitamin B deficiency; report of the disease in two
      infants.

PMID- 18146150
TI  - Cardiac hypertrophy in infants due to origination of the left branch of the
      coronary artery from the pulmonary artery.

PMID- 18146151
TI  - Some etiological factors in the coeliac syndrome.

PMID- 18146152
TI  - The nose in relation to the cerebrospinal fluid and lymph stream.

PMID- 18146153
TI  - Congenital toxoplasmosis; report of two cases.

PMID- 18146154
TI  - Gangrene and thrombosis in an infant with congenital heart disease.

PMID- 18146155
TI  - Coccidioidomycosis; case studies in children.

PMID- 18146156
TI  - Pertussis; meningitis.

PMID- 18146157
TI  - Leukemia in childhood; a clinical and roentgenographic study of 72 cases.

PMID- 18146158
TI  - Solitary renal ectopia and the nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 18146159
TI  - Pertussis in an immunized infant.

PMID- 18146160
TI  - The summer camp.

PMID- 18146161
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146162
TI  - Uncommon course of lymphatic leukaemia in an infant.

PMID- 18146164
TI  - Electroencephalography in child neurology and psychiatry.

PMID- 18146163
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146165
TI  - Congenital hemolytic disease resulting from A-O isoimmunization.

PMID- 18146166
TI  - Rx volume increases, other volume declines under National Health scheme.

PMID- 18146167
TI  - SUBSTITUTE for plasma.

PMID- 18146168
TI  - Progress in the field of heart diseases.

PMID- 18146169
TI  - NEW drug in motion sickness.

PMID- 18146170
TI  - ARECA.

PMID- 18146171
TI  - BISMUTH MAGMA.

PMID- 18146172
TI  - HISTIDINE monohydrochloride.

PMID- 18146173
TI  - INSOLUBLE liver concentrate.

PMID- 18146175
TI  - COMPOUND undecylenic acid ointment.

PMID- 18146174
TI  - RACEPHEDRINE hydrochloride capsules.

PMID- 18146176
TI  - Permeability of the artificial phospholipid membrane.

PMID- 18146177
TI  - A modified Fenn type respirometer.

PMID- 18146178
TI  - The psychology of invention in a very simple case.

PMID- 18146179
TI  - Color vision and factor analysis.

PMID- 18146180
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146181
TI  - Influence of protein nutrition on experimental infection; physiological aspects.

PMID- 18146182
TI  - A physical growth record for use in elementary and high schools.

PMID- 18146183
TI  - The hospital survey and construction program; environmental sanitation.

PMID- 18146184
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146185
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146186
TI  - Problems in the collection and comparability of international labor statistics.

PMID- 18146188
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146187
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146189
TI  - Radiography in relation to chest surgery.

PMID- 18146190
TI  - Clinical and roentgen aspects of internal biliary fistulas; report of 12 cases.

PMID- 18146191
TI  - Osseous changes in erythroblastosis fetalis.

PMID- 18146192
TI  - Radiation therapy of the Guillain-Barre syndrome.

PMID- 18146193
TI  - Wartime radiation; the calculated risk.

PMID- 18146194
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146195
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146196
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146197
TI  - Cytologic diagnosis of cancer of the descending colon and rectum.

PMID- 18146198
TI  - Intrathoracic goiter located in the posterior mediastinum.

PMID- 18146200
TI  - Revascularization of the heart.

PMID- 18146199
TI  - Phlegmasia cerulea dolens and gangrene associated with thrombophlebitis; case
      reports and review of the literature.

PMID- 18146201
TI  - A technique for division and suture of the patent ductus arteriosus in the older
      age group.

PMID- 18146202
TI  - The prevention of postural deformity after thoracoplasty.

PMID- 18146203
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146204
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146205
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146206
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146207
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146208
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146210
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146209
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146211
TI  - Continuous observation of termites in laboratory cultures.

PMID- 18146212
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146213
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146214
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146215
TI  - A generalization of Poisson's binomial limit for use in ecology.

PMID- 18146216
TI  - On the Wishart distribution in statistics.

PMID- 18146217
TI  - On a method of trend elimination.

PMID- 18146218
TI  - The derivation and partition of chi2 in certain discrete distributions.

PMID- 18146219
TI  - Probability tables for the range.

PMID- 18146220
TI  - Tests of significance in harmonic analysis.

PMID- 18146221
TI  - On a method of estimating frequencies.

PMID- 18146223
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146222
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146224
TI  - A pressure mincer for the preparation of tumour suspensions.

PMID- 18146225
TI  - A study of cell survival in embryonic tissue grafts in inbred strains of mice
      under various conditions.

PMID- 18146226
TI  - Attempts to induce epithelial tumours in fowls.

PMID- 18146229
TI  - The inhibition of beta-glucuronidase by saccharic acid and the role of the enzyme
      in glucuronide synthesis.

PMID- 18146230
TI  - Abrasion resistance of dental materials.

PMID- 18146231
TI  - Root canal therapy.

PMID- 18146232
TI  - A study of odontogenic epithelium in the dental follicle.

PMID- 18146233
TI  - Analysis of the unstable and ill-fitting artificial denture.

PMID- 18146234
TI  - Avulsion of the face; report of a case.

PMID- 18146235
TI  - Ranges of normalcy in the eruption of permanent teeth.

PMID- 18146236
TI  - Survey on the graduate study of pedodontics.

PMID- 18146237
TI  - Dental conditions and nutrition among natives in Greenland.

PMID- 18146238
TI  - Contribution to the problem of allergy to local anesthetics.

PMID- 18146239
TI  - Uses of the double X-ray film packet in intraoral roentgenography.

PMID- 18146240
TI  - Cementicles and fragments of cementum in the periodontal membrane.

PMID- 18146241
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146242
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146243
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146244
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146245
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146246
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146247
TI  - [Odontome].

PMID- 18146248
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146249
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146250
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146251
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146252
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146253
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146254
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146255
TI  - An objective approach to the study of psychotherapy.

PMID- 18146256
TI  - Guide to literature of elementary particle physics, including cosmic rays.

PMID- 18146257
TI  - Recent advances in the study of micro-climatology.

PMID- 18146259
TI  - Haemogregarina stepanowi Danilewsky (1885) in middle Tennessee turtles.

PMID- 18146258
TI  - Metabolic mechanisms of unstriated muscle.

PMID- 18146260
TI  - Dissociation energy of carbon monoxide.

PMID- 18146261
TI  - Absolute electrical measurements.

PMID- 18146262
TI  - The approach to the absolute zero of temperature.

PMID- 18146263
TI  - Man and his prejudices.

PMID- 18146264
TI  - The incidence of parental consanguinity in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18146265
TI  - A quantitative survey of the fingerprints of a small sample of the British
      population.

PMID- 18146267
TI  - The age-factor in the brain lesions produced by desoxycorticosterone overdosage.

PMID- 18146268
TI  - Foetal mortality in postmaturity.

PMID- 18146269
TI  - Tuberculous ulceration of the vulva with report of one case successfully treated
      with streptomycin.

PMID- 18146270
TI  - The relief and prevention of referred pain.

PMID- 18146271
TI  - NEW nurse training school.

PMID- 18146272
TI  - Problems of group administration; a rural area.

PMID- 18146273
TI  - Serological reactivity of mucoid strains of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 18146274
TI  - The problem of consistent radiological diagnosis in coalminers' pneumoconiosis;
      an experimental study.

PMID- 18146275
TI  - Enteric organisms from the American cockroach.

PMID- 18146276
TI  - Remote results of treatment of keratitis rosacea with testosterone.

PMID- 18146277
TI  - A method for determining the renninogen of urine.

PMID- 18146278
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146279
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146280
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146281
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146282
TI  - A clinical study of 21 cases of functional disturbances in relaxation of the
      cardia (cardiospasm).

PMID- 18146283
TI  - A study of pericarditis in the light of a series observed in Finland; etiology
      and pathogenesis of exudative pericarditis.

PMID- 18146284
TI  - Some proportional weights and measurements of the human body.

PMID- 18146285
TI  - Familial carotid body tumors; report of nine cases in 11 siblings.

PMID- 18146286
TI  - Giant uriticaria reaction due to chloromycetin; report of a case.

PMID- 18146287
TI  - Management of the neurotic patient.

PMID- 18146288
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146289
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146290
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146291
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146292
TI  - Congenital hemiatrophy associated with other congenital defects.

PMID- 18146293
TI  - Institutes of medical studies in the U.S.S.R.

PMID- 18146294
TI  - An improved Gordh needle.

PMID- 18146295
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146296
TI  - The relationship between tuberculosis among animals and humans.

PMID- 18146297
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146298
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146299
TI  - Medical treatment of acute toxic ulcerative colitis; report of two cases.

PMID- 18146300
TI  - Intestinal obstruction; gallstone impaction.

PMID- 18146301
TI  - The principles governing the treatment of cough using the National Formulary
      1949.

PMID- 18146302
TI  - Oedema and potassium loss in combined sodium p-aminohippurate and penicillin
      therapy; a metabolic study.

PMID- 18146303
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146304
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146305
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146306
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146307
TI  - p-Aminosalicylic acid.

PMID- 18146308
TI  - Clinical study of the use of para-aminosalicylic acid in the treatment of
      pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18146309
TI  - [From mercury to streptomycin; evolution of chemotherapy].

PMID- 18146310
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146311
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146312
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146313
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146314
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146315
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146316
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146317
TI  - Incidence of pellagra; studies in the Cincinnati General Hospital, 1935-1947.

PMID- 18146318
TI  - Modified autohemic therapy.

PMID- 18146319
TI  - Problem of surgical amebiasis with respect to acute appendicitis.

PMID- 18146320
TI  - Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum).

PMID- 18146321
TI  - Diet in cancer.

PMID- 18146322
TI  - Nutritional status of school children in Grady County and a plan for a nutrition
      program.

PMID- 18146323
TI  - Carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 18146324
TI  - Laboratory diagnostic aids for the general practitioner.

PMID- 18146325
TI  - Industrial medicine at the Saco-Lowell shops.

PMID- 18146326
TI  - [Apropos of a foreign body; an unexpected diagnosis and etiology not mentioned in
      books].

PMID- 18146327
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146328
TI  - Hysterectomy; present day indications.

PMID- 18146329
TI  - Management of cerebral palsy.

PMID- 18146331
TI  - Psychogenic aspects of allergy.

PMID- 18146330
TI  - Urinary amino acid wastage studies following single infusions of amino acid
      mixtures; preliminary report.

PMID- 18146332
TI  - Neurological and psychiatric aspects of the problem of headache.

PMID- 18146333
TI  - Otolaryngological aspects of the problem of headache.

PMID- 18146334
TI  - Gold therapy in arthritis.

PMID- 18146335
TI  - Indirect inguinal hernias in male infants.

PMID- 18146336
TI  - Trauma and hemorrhage of trachea and bronchi.

PMID- 18146337
TI  - The indications for hysterectomy.

PMID- 18146338
TI  - The problem of rabies prevention.

PMID- 18146339
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146340
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146341
TI  - Myxoma of the heart.

PMID- 18146342
TI  - Tonic fits and glycosuria due to fat-embolism.

PMID- 18146344
TI  - Transmetatarsal amputation for diabetic gangrene of toes.

PMID- 18146343
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146345
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146346
TI  - Bright's disease.

PMID- 18146347
TI  - Infertility in women.

PMID- 18146348
TI  - A forgotten chapter in the history of medical statistics.

PMID- 18146349
TI  - Safety factors in colon cancer surgery.

PMID- 18146350
TI  - Hazards in intrapleural pneumonolysis.

PMID- 18146351
TI  - Penicillin therapy in children; using fewer, larger dose injections of
      concentrated aqueous solution.

PMID- 18146352
TI  - Epidemiologic consideration about poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18146353
TI  - Relations between esthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery and other branches
      of surgery.

PMID- 18146354
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146355
TI  - A consideration of diffuse glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 18146356
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146357
TI  - Recurrence following inguinal and femoral hernia operations; 3 to 7 1/2 year's
      follow-up.

PMID- 18146358
TI  - Periarteritis nodosa (essential polyarteritis) clinical data on 30 cases proved
      at necropsy.

PMID- 18146359
TI  - Resection of stomach for carcinoma; report of two unusual cases.

PMID- 18146360
TI  - The ragweed problem in the Southwest.

PMID- 18146361
TI  - The Rh baby.

PMID- 18146362
TI  - Report of a case of acute hydramnios.

PMID- 18146363
TI  - Amebiasis.

PMID- 18146364
TI  - Carcinoma and other malignant lesions of the stomach.

PMID- 18146365
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146367
TI  - Active immunization.

PMID- 18146366
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146368
TI  - Thrombosis of portal vein and branches of superior mesenteric vein.

PMID- 18146369
TI  - Early recognition of possibly dangerous nevi (moles) and the best procedure to
      avoid development of malignant melanomas (nevocarcinoma).

PMID- 18146370
TI  - Experiences with anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 18146371
TI  - The indications for operation in patent ductus arteriosus; with special reference
      to adults.

PMID- 18146372
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146373
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146374
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146375
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146376
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146377
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146378
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146379
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146380
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146381
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146382
TI  - Maternity blues.

PMID- 18146383
TI  - Treatment of Ludwig's angina.

PMID- 18146384
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146385
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146386
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146387
TI  - Postanesthetic encephalopathy; the postulation of cerebral edema as a basis for
      rational treatment.

PMID- 18146388
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146389
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146390
TI  - [Upon ligation of the umbilical cord].

PMID- 18146392
TI  - Extradural hemorrhage; a report of three cases.

PMID- 18146391
TI  - [About a focus of autochthonous schistosomiasis in Jacarezinho, Northern Parana,
      Brazil].

PMID- 18146393
TI  - Primary lymphosarcoma of the appendix vermiformis.

PMID- 18146394
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146395
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146396
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146397
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146398
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146399
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146400
TI  - Common skin disorders of the army in the tropics.

PMID- 18146401
TI  - Death, mourning and the funeral.

PMID- 18146403
TI  - EPIDEMIC of typhoid.

PMID- 18146402
TI  - Neuralgia from a cementoma; case history with comment.

PMID- 18146404
TI  - MAN and his environment; the role of the public health engineer.

PMID- 18146405
TI  - Experience with venereal disease.

PMID- 18146406
TI  - The problem of teaching psychological attitudes to medical students.

PMID- 18146407
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146408
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146409
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146410
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146411
TI  - [Prefrontal lobotomy; clinical results in a private hospital].

PMID- 18146412
TI  - The dermatologist and the psychiatrist.

PMID- 18146413
TI  - Drama therapy at Winter Veterans Administration Hospital; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18146414
TI  - The present status of narcosynthesis using sodium pentothal and sodium amytal.

PMID- 18146416
TI  - The use of the thematic apperception test in psychotherapy.

PMID- 18146415
TI  - Objective evaluation of insulin therapy of the morphine abstinence syndrome.

PMID- 18146417
TI  - The development of a vocational-rehabilitation program for the neuropsychiatric.

PMID- 18146418
TI  - The visiting teacher looks at the rejected child.

PMID- 18146419
TI  - Some personality characteristics noted among tuberculosis patients, with
      implications for a counselor.

PMID- 18146420
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146421
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146422
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146423
TI  - Effects of testicular extract on certain ocular structures.

PMID- 18146424
TI  - Experimental studies with antibiotics; bacitracin, streptomycin, penicillin, and
      antibiotic mixtures in intraocular infections with penicillin-resistant
      staphylococci.

PMID- 18146425
TI  - Effect of BAL on intraocular copper.

PMID- 18146426
TI  - Metabolism of the crystalline lens; respiration of the intact lens and its
      separated parts.

PMID- 18146427
TI  - Compression tests on aqueous veins of glaucomatous eyes; application of
      hydrodynamic principles to the problem of intraocular-fluid elimination.

PMID- 18146428
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146429
TI  - Mechanics of intracapsular cataract extraction.

PMID- 18146430
TI  - Aqueous veins and their significance for pathogenesis of glaucoma.

PMID- 18146431
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146432
TI  - Some reflections on haemodynamics of the retina.

PMID- 18146433
TI  - Dystopia punctorum lacrimorum, blepharophimosis and partial atrophy of the iris
      in a deaf-mute patient.

PMID- 18146434
TI  - Lipoblastoma orbitae.

PMID- 18146435
TI  - Growth-curves and the senescence of the eye.

PMID- 18146436
TI  - The eyes' mind.

PMID- 18146437
TI  - The early diagnosis of primary carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 18146438
TI  - Tuberculosis of the nose treated with streptomycin.

PMID- 18146439
TI  - Tuberculous laryngitis and tracheo bronchitis.

PMID- 18146440
TI  - Macroglossia accompanying primary systemic amyloidosis.

PMID- 18146441
TI  - Mixed tumor of nose treated by rhinoplastic procedure.

PMID- 18146442
TI  - Neurinoma of the ethmoidal sinuses.

PMID- 18146443
TI  - A case of mastoiditis without apparent otitis media.

PMID- 18146444
TI  - Bony stenosis of the larynx: report of a case.

PMID- 18146445
TI  - Plastic repair of saddle-nose.

PMID- 18146446
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146447
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146448
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146449
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146450
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146451
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146452
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146454
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146453
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146455
TI  - Absence of fructose from human cord blood.

PMID- 18146456
TI  - Major pelvic pathology in children.

PMID- 18146457
TI  - Infectious hepatitis.

PMID- 18146458
TI  - Methemoglobinemia.

PMID- 18146459
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146460
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146461
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146462
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146463
TI  - Bronchiectasis in childhood; clinical survey of 160 cases.

PMID- 18146464
TI  - The pathogenesis of fibrocystic disease of the pancreas; a study of 36 cases with
      special reference to the pulmonary lesions.

PMID- 18146465
TI  - Studies of penicillin in pediatrics.

PMID- 18146466
TI  - Pancreatic function in scarlet fever.

PMID- 18146467
TI  - An evaluation of electroencephalography in the diagnosis of brain tumors of
      children.

PMID- 18146468
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146469
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146470
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146471
TI  - BRUCELLOSIS.

PMID- 18146472
TI  - Recent advances in dermatology of interest to the pharmacist.

PMID- 18146473
TI  - An ampul washing apparatus.

PMID- 18146474
TI  - Antihistaminic agents derived from diphenylmethane.

PMID- 18146475
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146476
TI  - Vaso- and bronchodilator effects of N-isopropylnorepinephrine in isolated
      perfused dog lungs.

PMID- 18146477
TI  - Experimental chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis; effect of p-phenylene diguanidine
      and related compounds against experimental infections with Trypanosoma
      equiperdum.

PMID- 18146478
TI  - Comparative spasmolytic activities of certain benzhydryl alkamine ethers and
      related compounds.

PMID- 18146480
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146479
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146481
TI  - Typhoid paratyphoid vaccine and respiratory response to the inhalation of carbon
      dioxide.

PMID- 18146482
TI  - Mechanisms of metabolic inhibition by heavy metals.

PMID- 18146483
TI  - Platelets as foci in the coagulation of blood.

PMID- 18146484
TI  - Secretion of intestinal juice during hypercalcemia.

PMID- 18146485
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146486
TI  - Electrokymographic studies of lung field pulsations with exhalation against
      pressure.

PMID- 18146487
TI  - A genotypical approach to the analysis of personal interaction.

PMID- 18146488
TI  - Diagnostic testing in two cases of schizophrenic depression.

PMID- 18146490
TI  - Promises.

PMID- 18146489
TI  - The status of correctional psychology.

PMID- 18146491
TI  - Some observations from a preliminary study of infant mortality in British
      Columbia, based on birth-death linkage.

PMID- 18146492
TI  - PREVENTION of accidents in the home.

PMID- 18146493
TI  - Pollution load capacity of streams.

PMID- 18146494
TI  - Preconditioning and digestion of sewage sludge; nature of digestion; acidity
      control.

PMID- 18146495
TI  - Double contrast roentgenograms of the stomach; an additional aid in diagnosis.

PMID- 18146496
TI  - Erythema nodosum.

PMID- 18146497
TI  - Studies on the effect of the protraction of X radiation by 12 fractionations on
      the erythema reactions.

PMID- 18146498
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146499
TI  - Excision of the lung for pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18146500
TI  - Post-operative respiratory complications; a study of 1,000 genito-urinary cases.

PMID- 18146501
TI  - Surgical treatment of carcinomata of the distal three quarters of the thoracic
      oesophagus and the cardia.

PMID- 18146502
TI  - Operative treatment of severe kyphosis as the result of Bechterew's disease.

PMID- 18146503
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146504
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146505
TI  - The local treatment of burns by dibrompropamidine.

PMID- 18146506
TI  - The marsupial skin flap.

PMID- 18146507
TI  - Plaster of paris head cages in the fixation of free skin grafts to the head and
      face.

PMID- 18146508
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146509
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146510
TI  - The surgery of sepsis.

PMID- 18146511
TI  - The end results of thyroidectomy.

PMID- 18146512
TI  - Postoperative intravascular thrombosis.

PMID- 18146513
TI  - Volvulus of the midgut.

PMID- 18146514
TI  - Anesthesiology in Canada.

PMID- 18146515
TI  - Cytology and the menopause.

PMID- 18146516
TI  - Fractures of the tibial spine with a case of overgrowth of the ununited fragment.

PMID- 18146517
TI  - Metastatic carcinoma of left lobe of liver; hepatolobectomy.

PMID- 18146518
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146519
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146520
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146521
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146522
TI  - [Megacolon and pregnancy].

PMID- 18146523
TI  - Anuria.

PMID- 18146525
TI  - Vascular spasm in battle injuries.

PMID- 18146524
TI  - Emergency thyroidectomy; a case of intracapsular hemorrhage in an intrathoracic
      goiter.

PMID- 18146526
TI  - The criteria, classification, and technique of iliopectineal (Cooper's) ligament
      hernioplasty.

PMID- 18146527
TI  - Enterocele.

PMID- 18146528
TI  - Acute pancreatitis following cholangiography.

PMID- 18146529
TI  - Obstetrics through the ages.

PMID- 18146530
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146531
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146532
TI  - Aureomycin in the treatment of granuloma inguinale.

PMID- 18146533
TI  - The clinical application of a new piperazine compound; human pharmacology.

PMID- 18146534
TI  - Bronchial asthma caused by the inhalation of wood dust.

PMID- 18146535
TI  - Clinical experiences with B-(p-methylbenzhydryloxy)-ethyldimethylamine
      hydrochloride; a new antihistaminic.

PMID- 18146536
TI  - The absence of the effects of benadryl on the hematopoietic system.

PMID- 18146537
TI  - Management of anesthesia for the allergic patient.

PMID- 18146538
TI  - A note concerning certain microphallid trematodes infecting shore birds (Limosa
      fedoa and Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus) with description of a new
      species (Levinseniella charadriformis).

PMID- 18146539
TI  - Tetrathyridium larvae of Mesocestoides in rodents in Cyprus.

PMID- 18146541
TI  - The physiology of the individual as an approach to a more quantitative biology of
      man.

PMID- 18146540
TI  - The prothoracic glands of insects in retrospect and in prospect.

PMID- 18146542
TI  - Amino acid requirements of man.

PMID- 18146543
TI  - A comparison of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides for control of the sheep
      tick.

PMID- 18146544
TI  - Effectiveness of repellents applied to clothing for protection against salt-marsh
      mosquitoes.

PMID- 18146545
TI  - Residual action of organic insecticides against stable flies.

PMID- 18146546
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation induced by cold.

PMID- 18146548
TI  - Mathematical biology of social behavior.

PMID- 18146547
TI  - The steady state kinetics of some biological systems.

PMID- 18146549
TI  - The oxalacetate decarboxylase of Azotobacter vinelandii.

PMID- 18146550
TI  - Electrophoresis and solubility of chymotrypsinogen B and chymotrypsin B.

PMID- 18146551
TI  - Effect of oxythiamine on blood pyruvate-lactate relationships and the excretion
      of thiamine in rats.

PMID- 18146552
TI  - The metabolism of yeast nucleic acid in the rat.

PMID- 18146553
TI  - Mutant strains of Escherichia coli unable to synthesize p-aminobenzoic acid.

PMID- 18146554
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146555
TI  - Placement of pontic bars for acrylic bridge construction.

PMID- 18146556
TI  - Some dental aspects of maxillo-facial injuries.

PMID- 18146557
TI  - Experimental studies in calcification; dentinal changes in the incisor of the
      nephrectomized rat.

PMID- 18146558
TI  - A preliminary study of the distribution of fluorine in communal water supplies in
      the United States.

PMID- 18146559
TI  - The place specialization should occupy in dental practice.

PMID- 18146560
TI  - Treatment of early syphilis with penicillin; report of 324 patients treated with
      1,200,000 units over 7 1/2 days.

PMID- 18146561
TI  - Treatment of cutaneous blastomas and other diseases with nitrogen mustard.

PMID- 18146562
TI  - Seabather's eruption.

PMID- 18146563
TI  - Pemphigus erythematosus.

PMID- 18146564
TI  - Therapy of psychosomatic dermatoses.

PMID- 18146565
TI  - [Serious poisoning following external application of resorcin paste].

PMID- 18146566
TI  - Reactions to the local use of thephorin.

PMID- 18146567
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146568
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146569
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146570
TI  - Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia with gastric obstruction and jaundice.

PMID- 18146571
TI  - Changes in circulating eosinophils in women during the menstrual cycle and
      reproduction.

PMID- 18146572
TI  - Production of p-cymene from carene.

PMID- 18146573
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146574
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146575
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146576
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146577
TI  - A contribution to the orgasm problem in women.

PMID- 18146579
TI  - Sex education, its principles and limitations (transl.).

PMID- 18146578
TI  - Is it preferable that the husband be older than his wife?

PMID- 18146580
TI  - The effects of radiation on the gonads.

PMID- 18146581
TI  - Frustration of the maternal instinct.

PMID- 18146582
TI  - The psychology of xenophobia.

PMID- 18146583
TI  - Mutilation of girls in the Sudan.

PMID- 18146584
TI  - Molecular structure and spectroscopy.

PMID- 18146585
TI  - Recurrent themes in medical thought.

PMID- 18146586
TI  - Extrasensory perception; fact or fancy?

PMID- 18146587
TI  - The chemical and biological properties of acridines.

PMID- 18146588
TI  - Some aspects of the biochemistry of sulphur.

PMID- 18146589
TI  - Methods of reduction and hydrogenation.

PMID- 18146590
TI  - Human prehistory.

PMID- 18146591
TI  - Parthenogenetic development of the ovum as observed by vital staining.

PMID- 18146592
TI  - The floating fetal head in the primipara at term.

PMID- 18146593
TI  - An evaluation of prophylactic penicillin administration to parturient women.

PMID- 18146595
TI  - Types of kidney pelvis and their frequency in connection with renal calculi.

PMID- 18146594
TI  - The effect of stilbestrol on the hematopoietic system in the human subject.

PMID- 18146596
TI  - A case of carbon tetrachloride poisoning with anuria treated by unilateral
      discission of the renal capsule.

PMID- 18146598
TI  - A new treatment for contraction ring of the cervix.

PMID- 18146597
TI  - Zwei seltene Myomlokalisationen.

PMID- 18146599
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146600
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146601
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146602
TI  - Hypoplastic anemia due to atabrine.

PMID- 18146603
TI  - F.C.C. rules and regulations on diathermy and television prevent chaos in radio
      communications.

PMID- 18146604
TI  - Studies on scrub typhus; heterogeneity of strains of R. tsutsugamushi as
      demonstrated by cross-neutralization tests.

PMID- 18146605
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146607
TI  - Arteriovenous fistula; a case report emphasizing etiology.

PMID- 18146606
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146608
TI  - Fractures.

PMID- 18146609
TI  - The functions of industrial hygiene and their relationship to industrial
      dentistry.

PMID- 18146610
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146611
TI  - The coagulation time of blood in silicone tubes in patients receiving dicumarol.

PMID- 18146612
TI  - Studies of a sulfadiazine-sulfamerazine combination with special reference to
      treatment of pneumonia.

PMID- 18146613
TI  - Narcolepsy; brief review and report of cases.

PMID- 18146614
TI  - Vitamins.

PMID- 18146615
TI  - Common vitamins and their chief characteristics.

PMID- 18146616
TI  - Food provincialism.

PMID- 18146617
TI  - Dietetics and nutritional disorders of rural Ceylon.

PMID- 18146618
TI  - Nutrition; what it means.

PMID- 18146619
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146620
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146621
TI  - Tuberculous empyema.

PMID- 18146622
TI  - Penicillin in the treatment of influenzal meningitis.

PMID- 18146623
TI  - Aschheim-Zondek and Hogben pregnancy tests modified and compared.

PMID- 18146624
TI  - Analysis of 259 living premature infants whose weight at birth ranged between 735
      and 1260 grams.

PMID- 18146625
TI  - Tuberculosis among the aged.

PMID- 18146626
TI  - Periarteritis nodosa; a review with the presentation of seven cases.

PMID- 18146627
TI  - Solitary diverticulitis of the cecum.

PMID- 18146628
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146629
TI  - LEGAL aspects of sterilization.

PMID- 18146630
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146631
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146632
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146633
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146634
TI  - Chronic contrictive pericarditis.

PMID- 18146635
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146636
TI  - [The etiology of primary atypical pneumonia].

PMID- 18146637
TI  - [Mortality from tuberculosis in Finland].

PMID- 18146638
TI  - [Heart disease and anemia].

PMID- 18146640
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146639
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146641
TI  - Psoriasis vulgaris; report on a case showing skin, joint and eye lesions
      (keratitis psoriatica).

PMID- 18146642
TI  - Dermatological disturbances due to vaccination against smallpox [Hebrew Text].

PMID- 18146643
TI  - Aberrant breast tissue; case report.

PMID- 18146644
TI  - Hawaii's first hospitals.

PMID- 18146645
TI  - Social and emotional aspects of tuberculosis.

PMID- 18146646
TI  - [Endemic goiter in Minas Gerais].

PMID- 18146647
TI  - [Treatment of small hepatic failure].

PMID- 18146648
TI  - [Law of antipodal homonymy of the Pegasus meridian].

PMID- 18146649
TI  - Nonparalytic poliomyelitis and mumps meningoencephalitis; differential diagnosis.

PMID- 18146650
TI  - Treatment of paraplegia resulting from trauma to the spinal cord.

PMID- 18146651
TI  - Histamine antagonists; an experimental and clinical study of N,N-dimethyl-N'-2
      thiazolyl-N'-p-methoxybenzyl-ethylenediamine hydrochloride (194-B).

PMID- 18146652
TI  - The problem of control of the respiratory tract infections.

PMID- 18146653
TI  - Neonatal hazards.

PMID- 18146654
TI  - An annual examination for your patient.

PMID- 18146655
TI  - Clostridium histolyticum infection.

PMID- 18146656
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146657
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146658
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146659
TI  - The functions of the American Academy of General Practice at the crossroads in
      organized medicine.

PMID- 18146660
TI  - Intravenous urea and sulfadiazine in the treatment of postabortal peritonitis.

PMID- 18146661
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146663
TI  - Conservatism in pelvic surgery.

PMID- 18146662
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146664
TI  - Modern trends in intravenous anaesthesia.

PMID- 18146665
TI  - Indications for caesarean section with a note on the most suitable type of
      operation.

PMID- 18146666
TI  - IMPETIGO contagiosa.

PMID- 18146667
TI  - Brewers' yeast.

PMID- 18146668
TI  - Primary multicentric bilateral carcinoma of lung.

PMID- 18146669
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146670
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146671
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146672
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146673
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146674
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146675
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146676
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146677
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146678
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146679
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146680
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146681
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146682
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146683
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146684
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146685
TI  - A comparison of total body water as determined by antipyrine and desiccation in
      rabbits.

PMID- 18146686
TI  - The xanthine oxidase activity of rat tissues.

PMID- 18146687
TI  - An antithyrotoxic factor for the rat not identical with vitamin B12.

PMID- 18146688
TI  - Propagation of canine distemper virus on the chorioallantoic membrane of
      embryonated hen eggs.

PMID- 18146689
TI  - Small-nerve fibers in mammalian ventral roots.

PMID- 18146690
TI  - Effect of testis extract on growth of a transplanted lymphosarcoma in AKm mice.

PMID- 18146691
TI  - Relation of pregnancies to induction of ovarian tumors by X-rays.

PMID- 18146693
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146692
TI  - Tolerance of normal and partially depancreatized rats for insulin.

PMID- 18146694
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146695
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146696
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146697
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146698
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146700
TI  - Health on active service.

PMID- 18146699
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146701
TI  - Cytologic diagnosis of cancer from body secretions and fluids.

PMID- 18146702
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146704
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146705
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146706
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146707
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146708
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146709
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146710
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146711
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146712
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146713
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146714
TI  - Advances in gastric surgery.

PMID- 18146715
TI  - [Statistical study of the incidence of the Rh factor in the Federal District].

PMID- 18146716
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146717
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146718
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146719
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146720
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146721
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146722
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146723
TI  - Streptomycin in the treatment of tuberculosis.

PMID- 18146724
TI  - Emotional aspects of organic disease.

PMID- 18146726
TI  - Portal cirrhosis.

PMID- 18146725
TI  - The toad test for pregnancy.

PMID- 18146727
TI  - Progress made in solving Medical Department reserve problems.

PMID- 18146728
TI  - The evaluation of physical efficiency.

PMID- 18146729
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146730
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146732
TI  - EXPLOSIVE outbreak of upper respiratory disease in a unit at Fort Devens with
      subsequent serological findings of influenza.

PMID- 18146731
TI  - ROCKY Mountain spotted fever.

PMID- 18146733
TI  - NONTRAUMATIC cataract.

PMID- 18146734
TI  - BIOLOGICAL warfare.

PMID- 18146735
TI  - Care of the respirator machine.

PMID- 18146736
TI  - POSSIBLE treatment of sodium monofluoracetate (1080) poisoning.

PMID- 18146737
TI  - Use of 3% ether-saline solution as a vasodilator in arterial spasm following a
      fracture of the humerus; medical aspect.

PMID- 18146738
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146741
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146742
TI  - Problems of nosology and psychodynamics of early infantile autism.

PMID- 18146743
TI  - The Szondi test.

PMID- 18146744
TI  - The objective evaluation of psychotherapy.

PMID- 18146745
TI  - The role of the nursery school in community education.

PMID- 18146746
TI  - The mosaic test.

PMID- 18146747
TI  - Role of repeated trauma by pneumatic drill in production of amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis.

PMID- 18146748
TI  - Description of a skin galvanometer that gives a graphic record of activity in the
      sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 18146749
TI  - Classification of craniostenosis.

PMID- 18146750
TI  - Intracranial neurinoma of the hypoglossal nerve; successful removal; case report.

PMID- 18146751
TI  - Effect of large-scale methods of preparation on the vitamin content of food;
      corn.

PMID- 18146752
TI  - Eyecare and the National Health program.

PMID- 18146753
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146754
TI  - Role of compensatory hypertrophy and simple atrophy in intranasal surgery.

PMID- 18146755
TI  - Perforation of the esophagus by a thumb tack and subsequent removal by an
      electromagnet.

PMID- 18146756
TI  - Epistaxis.

PMID- 18146757
TI  - The use of pancreatic extract as a growth stimulant for C. diphtheria.

PMID- 18146759
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146758
TI  - Estimation of p-aminosalicylic acid in blood.

PMID- 18146760
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146761
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146763
TI  - Etiology of rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18146762
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146764
TI  - Tuberculous meningitis.

PMID- 18146765
TI  - Lipodystrophy; case report.

PMID- 18146766
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146767
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146769
TI  - STERILISATION of syringes.

PMID- 18146768
TI  - Odor and olfaction.

PMID- 18146770
TI  - CHLORAL hydrate.

PMID- 18146771
TI  - Awkward prescriptions.

PMID- 18146772
TI  - Dynamics of experimental atrial septal defects.

PMID- 18146773
TI  - A preliminary study of the Crocker-Henderson odor-classification system.

PMID- 18146774
TI  - An improved color mixer.

PMID- 18146775
TI  - Beats from combining a unit frequency with a mistuned multiple.

PMID- 18146776
TI  - Consistency of the factorial structures of personality ratings from different
      sour sources.

PMID- 18146777
TI  - Two methods of assessing therapeutic progress.

PMID- 18146778
TI  - A case of folie a deux.

PMID- 18146779
TI  - Tumulty and Leavenworth; a case study of rumor.

PMID- 18146780
TI  - The concept of the behavioral spectrum.

PMID- 18146781
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146782
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146783
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146784
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146785
TI  - The bio-phage nutrient process of sewage treatment.

PMID- 18146786
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146787
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146788
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146789
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146790
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146791
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146792
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146793
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146794
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146795
TI  - The physiological significance of bronchiectasis.

PMID- 18146796
TI  - Acute fatal asphyxia due to aortic aneurysm in patient with four saccular
      aneurysms of thoracic aorta; case report.

PMID- 18146797
TI  - Basal tuberculosis simulating sub-phrenic abscess.

PMID- 18146798
TI  - Tuberculosis among Indians of the United States.

PMID- 18146799
TI  - The general pathology of the lymphadenopathies.

PMID- 18146800
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146801
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146802
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146803
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146804
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146805
TI  - Clinical aspects of embryological skin development.

PMID- 18146806
TI  - The value of homografts; a case report.

PMID- 18146807
TI  - An improved skin hook.

PMID- 18146808
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146809
TI  - Physiologic mechanisms of the kidneys in relation to anesthesia.

PMID- 18146810
TI  - Cerebral manifestations of anoxia; a review of the literature.

PMID- 18146811
TI  - Methodological problems in the anthropological study of modern cultures.

PMID- 18146813
TI  - Structure and function of neurones in relation to mental activity.

PMID- 18146812
TI  - Parallels in the development of shamanism among northern and southern
      Athapaskans.

PMID- 18146814
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146815
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146816
TI  - Electron microscopic and electrophoretic study of two strains of tobacco mosaic
      virus.

PMID- 18146817
TI  - Coenzyme A and citrate formation in homogenates of heart ventricle from normal
      and pantothenic acid-deficient ducklings.

PMID- 18146818
TI  - An unidentified factor in pancreas essential for the sustained growth of
      Trichomonas vaginalis.

PMID- 18146819
TI  - The influence of diet on the riboflavin content and the ability of rat liver
      slices to destroy the carcinogen N,N-dimethyl-p-amino azobenzene.

PMID- 18146820
TI  - A simple method for determining serum copper.

PMID- 18146821
TI  - Studies on the growth inhibitor fraction of Lima beans and isolation of a
      crystalline heat-stable trypsin inhibitor.

PMID- 18146822
TI  - The primary and secondary compounds of catalase and methyl or ethyl hydrogen
      peroxide; spectra.

PMID- 18146823
TI  - Instrumentation for a nuclear reactor.

PMID- 18146824
TI  - DISPOSAL of radioactive wastes by non-AEC users.

PMID- 18146825
TI  - Pinhole camera for gamma-ray sources.

PMID- 18146826
TI  - Dental cyst of the mandible successfully treated conservatively.

PMID- 18146827
TI  - Some observations on cysts, adamantinomata and osteomyelitis of the jaws among
      the population in Malaya.

PMID- 18146828
TI  - A pathologically detached enamel cap.

PMID- 18146829
TI  - A study of the tongue and its relation to denture stability.

PMID- 18146830
TI  - Clinical experiences with lidocaine as a local anesthetic.

PMID- 18146831
TI  - The role of the gingival biopsy in secondary amyloid disease.

PMID- 18146832
TI  - A collective review and atlas of dental anomalies and diseases.

PMID- 18146833
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146834
TI  - Histological study of human scalps exhibiting various degrees of non-specific
      baldness.

PMID- 18146835
TI  - The cellular content of exudates from eczematous and toxic patch test reactions.

PMID- 18146836
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146838
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146837
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146839
TI  - Sulfonamide and antibiotic therapy in proctology.

PMID- 18146840
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146841
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146842
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146843
TI  - The administration of large scale enterprises.

PMID- 18146844
TI  - Distinguishing between psychotherapy and casework.

PMID- 18146845
TI  - Interferometric examination of hardness test indentations.

PMID- 18146846
TI  - Antimalarials as antagonists of purines and pteroylglutamic acid.

PMID- 18146847
TI  - Rate of haemolysis by saponins.

PMID- 18146848
TI  - Structure of sempervirine.

PMID- 18146850
TI  - Origin of bacterial variants.

PMID- 18146849
TI  - Electron bombardment conductivity.

PMID- 18146851
TI  - Some anisotropic properties of gallium.

PMID- 18146852
TI  - Sound communication with the deaf.

PMID- 18146853
TI  - Pellagra, a deficiency disease.

PMID- 18146855
TI  - A medical approach to problem drinking; preliminary report.

PMID- 18146856
TI  - Ancient experience with intoxicating drinks; non-Attic Greek states.

PMID- 18146857
TI  - Scurvy, calcification and vitamin C.

PMID- 18146859
TI  - The scintillation counter; the existence of plateaus.

PMID- 18146858
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146860
TI  - A scintillation counter for laboratory counting of alpha-particles.

PMID- 18146861
TI  - Microsampling and microanalysis of metals.

PMID- 18146862
TI  - Note on removing the deuteron-induced color from quartz target plates.

PMID- 18146863
TI  - A new fixative for vaginal smears.

PMID- 18146864
TI  - Observations on the staining of Corynebacterium diphtheria.

PMID- 18146865
TI  - A rapid technic for demonstrating mast cells in mouse skin.

PMID- 18146866
TI  - A photoelectric colorimeter for estimating protozoan population densities.

PMID- 18146867
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146869
TI  - [Carcinoma of the corpus uteri in young women].

PMID- 18146868
TI  - [Fitz Hugh syndrome].

PMID- 18146871
TI  - The radical mastoidectomy; anatomical considerations in surgical technique.

PMID- 18146872
TI  - Preoperative evaluation of liver function in patients with cirrhosis of the
      liver.

PMID- 18146870
TI  - Changes in renal function following ureteral transplantation.

PMID- 18146873
TI  - Acute fulminating cholecystitis.

PMID- 18146874
TI  - INCREASED space for technical facilities at Vancouver tuberculosis unit.

PMID- 18146875
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146876
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146877
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146878
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146879
TI  - Experiment in education of the older workers.

PMID- 18146880
TI  - Treatment of common industrial injuries.

PMID- 18146881
TI  - Analysis of 50 cases of back pain.

PMID- 18146882
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146883
TI  - The allergy factor in disease.

PMID- 18146884
TI  - Chloromycetin and aureomycin; therapeutic results.

PMID- 18146885
TI  - On the significance of the normal electrocardiogram in old age.

PMID- 18146886
TI  - Subacute bacterial endocarditis presenting as a subarachnoid hemorrhage; report
      of a case with recovery.

PMID- 18146888
TI  - Calcareous nodular stenosis of the aortic valve with syphilitic aortitis and
      aneurysm.

PMID- 18146887
TI  - The impact of sulfonamide and antibiotic agents on the prognosis in infectious
      diseases.

PMID- 18146889
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146890
TI  - The differential diagnosis of multiple nodular shadows in the lungs.

PMID- 18146891
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146892
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146893
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146895
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146894
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146896
TI  - What is social medicine?

PMID- 18146897
TI  - Observations on the treatment of infantile gastro-enteritis.

PMID- 18146898
TI  - Gastro-colic fistula after vagotomy for stomal ulcer.

PMID- 18146899
TI  - A case of rheumatoid arthritis simulating pyogenic infection.

PMID- 18146900
TI  - Fatal case of polio-encephalitis due to poliomyelitis virus.

PMID- 18146901
TI  - High flying and decompression treatment of whooping-cough.

PMID- 18146902
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146903
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146904
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146905
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 18146906
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 18146907
TI  - Modern treatment of syphilis, including syphilis of the central nervous system.

PMID- 18146908
TI  - Research on the common cold.

PMID- 18146909
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146910
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146911
TI  - Cesarean section experience at the University of California Hospital.
AB  - A review of the 746 cesarean sections performed at the University of California
      Hospital from 1907 through 1948 shows an overall cesarean section incidence of
      3.91 per cent. The maternal mortality rate associated with these cesarean
      sections has been 1.61 per cent. There has been a steady decline in mortality
      over the 40-year period and there have been no deaths from cesarean section in
      the last ten years. The over-all incidence of morbidity associated with cesarean
      section has been 40.5 per cent and again there has been a significant improvement
      in recent years. The fetal mortality associated with cesarean section has been
      6.1 per cent. In view of recent experience, standards based on figures collected
      20 years ago are no longer tenable.

PMID- 18146912
TI  - Acute urinary tract complications following general surgical procedures.
AB  - The most frequent postoperative urinary problem after various types of general
      operations is urinary retention. It may be due to previously unrecognized dynamic
      obstruction, but is more often psychogenic or due to a temporary disturbance in
      function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Catheterization
      may be done safely as a means of preventing over-distention of the bladder.
      Irritative postoperative lesions are usually due to trigonitis, cystitis or
      pyelitis. The immediate trauma of pelvic operation is sometimes followed by
      infection. Careful study will reveal the cause and the type of infection and will
      give an indication for proper treatment. Anuria may be the result of
      postoperative shock, chemical injury of the kidneys or block of the urinary
      channels by crystals, detritus, edema, or operative accident. A careful,
      immediate analysis of the problem is imperative. Fluid intake in anuria must not
      be pushed to the point of edema. Accidental surgical blocking or severance of a
      ureter usually may be repaired without difficulty following a period of recovery
      to permit subsidence of the acute tissue reaction caused by urinary
      extravasation.

PMID- 18146913
TI  - Death due to erosion of a vessel by impaction of a chicken bone in a Meckel's
      diverticulum.

PMID- 18146914
TI  - Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the bladder with local metastasis.

PMID- 18146915
TI  - [Toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 18146916
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146917
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146918
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146919
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146920
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146921
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146922
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146923
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146924
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146925
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146926
TI  - The use of male batrachia for a quick pregnancy test.

PMID- 18146927
TI  - Treatment of fractured metacarpals.

PMID- 18146928
TI  - [Esterasemia].

PMID- 18146929
TI  - [Thyroid cancer].

PMID- 18146930
TI  - [Instruction popular in the control of venereal diseases].

PMID- 18146931
TI  - Problem cases of toxic diffuse goiter treated with radioactive iodine.

PMID- 18146932
TI  - The present outlook for neurology in the United States; a factual evaluation.

PMID- 18146933
TI  - The treatment of diabetes.

PMID- 18146934
TI  - Panel discussion of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18146935
TI  - Congenital absence of vagina.

PMID- 18146936
TI  - Control of communicable diseases.

PMID- 18146937
TI  - Rheumatoid spondylitis.

PMID- 18146938
TI  - Pediatric case reports.

PMID- 18146939
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146940
TI  - Sodium pregnandiol glucuronidate determinations in the diagnosis of pregnancy.

PMID- 18146941
TI  - The mode of action of penicillin in relation to its therapeutic use.

PMID- 18146942
TI  - Occlusion of the anterior spinal artery; a case report.

PMID- 18146943
TI  - Vascular disease complicating diabetes.

PMID- 18146944
TI  - Acute emergencies encountered in diabetes.

PMID- 18146946
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146947
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146945
TI  - The management of thromboembolism in the surgical patient.

PMID- 18146948
TI  - Haemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-S.

PMID- 18146949
TI  - Typhoid fever treated with chloromycetin.

PMID- 18146950
TI  - Action of hetrazan on filariasis and onchocerciasis.

PMID- 18146951
TI  - Isolation of the Karp strain of rickettsia tsutsugamushi.

PMID- 18146952
TI  - Complete heart-block associated with amoebic hepatitis; normal rhythm restored
      with emetine.

PMID- 18146953
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146954
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146955
TI  - Report of a case of tuberculous meningitis treated with streptomycin.

PMID- 18146956
TI  - Intravenous transfusion technique.

PMID- 18146957
TI  - Abdominal paracentesis; a new method.

PMID- 18146958
TI  - The first year in general practice; the finances of the general practitioner.

PMID- 18146959
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146960
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146961
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146962
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146963
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146964
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146966
TI  - Delayed primary closure of wounds.

PMID- 18146965
TI  - Pathologic aspects of endometriosis.

PMID- 18146967
TI  - Responsibility of a medical school for medical service in an area.

PMID- 18146968
TI  - Typhoid carriers in Mississippi.

PMID- 18146969
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146970
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146971
TI  - The reliability of the male North American frog (Rana pipiens) in the diagnosis
      of pregnancy.

PMID- 18146972
TI  - Atypical viral pneumonia, fulminating.

PMID- 18146973
TI  - Oral estrusol therapy in the menopause.

PMID- 18146974
TI  - Advanced abdominal pregnancy.

PMID- 18146975
TI  - Meconium ileus.

PMID- 18146976
TI  - Acute eye disorders as seen in general practice.

PMID- 18146977
TI  - The possibility of a provocative test in allergy; case report.

PMID- 18146978
TI  - Treatment of papillary adenomas of the rectum.

PMID- 18146979
TI  - Ileojejunitis.

PMID- 18146980
TI  - Review of colon surgery including rectum for the years 1947-1948 at the
      Binghamton City Hospital.

PMID- 18146981
TI  - A clinical evaluation of ethinyl estradiol in the menopause.

PMID- 18146982
TI  - Localization of metastatic cancer by trauma.

PMID- 18146983
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146984
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146985
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146986
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146987
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146988
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146989
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146990
TI  - Lupus erythematosus and the collagen diseases.

PMID- 18146991
TI  - Modern treatment of syphilis.

PMID- 18146992
TI  - Treatment of infantile paralysis.

PMID- 18146993
TI  - Tersavin; a new nasal medication.

PMID- 18146994
TI  - The modern practice of caesarean section; some controversial views.

PMID- 18146995
TI  - Analgesia and anaesthesia in modern obstetrics.

PMID- 18146996
TI  - The sympathetic nervous system in obstetric and gynaecological practice.

PMID- 18146997
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146998
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18146999
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147000
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147001
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147003
TI  - The use of irradiation, surgery and hormones in breast cancer.

PMID- 18147002
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147004
TI  - Electrical reactions of muscle in poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18147005
TI  - The significance of strain differences in virus prophylaxis.

PMID- 18147006
TI  - The operative treatment of urinary incontinence in the male.

PMID- 18147007
TI  - Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia.

PMID- 18147008
TI  - Green teeth following icterus gravis neonatorum.

PMID- 18147009
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147010
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147011
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147012
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147013
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147014
TI  - [Recovery of voice in laryngectomized].

PMID- 18147015
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147016
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147017
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147018
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147019
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147020
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147021
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147022
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147023
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147024
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147025
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147026
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147027
TI  - The treatment of poliomyelitis and other virus diseases with vitamin C.

PMID- 18147029
TI  - How may a proctologist best serve his patients and the profession?

PMID- 18147030
TI  - Cardiac arrest under anesthesia.

PMID- 18147028
TI  - Pityriasis rosea-like drug eruptions due to bismuth.

PMID- 18147031
TI  - The management of concomitant convergent strabismus.

PMID- 18147032
TI  - Health services for the premature infant.

PMID- 18147033
TI  - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis; treatment of two cases with aureomycin.

PMID- 18147034
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147035
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147036
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147037
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147038
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147039
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147040
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147041
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147042
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147043
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147044
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147045
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147046
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147047
TI  - Electrostatic fields of the sciatic nerve in the frog.

PMID- 18147049
TI  - Aeromedical aspects of jet propelled aircraft; problems of safety in flight.

PMID- 18147048
TI  - Opaque and nonopaque urinary calculi.

PMID- 18147050
TI  - Malignancy of the pleura.

PMID- 18147051
TI  - VENEREAL disease.

PMID- 18147052
TI  - AGE as a factor in infectious hepatitis.

PMID- 18147053
TI  - Patient-doctor anxiety.

PMID- 18147054
TI  - Dysmenorrhea; etiology and treatment.

PMID- 18147055
TI  - Experiences at a concentration camp.

PMID- 18147056
TI  - Station Hospital Wiesbaden.

PMID- 18147057
TI  - Report of case of Loffler's syndrome with a concomitant nonspecific maculo
      papular rash.

PMID- 18147058
TI  - The role of the flight nurse in air evacuation.

PMID- 18147059
TI  - FACTORS influencing nephritis.

PMID- 18147060
TI  - Clinical results of non-staining impregnation for caries, prophylaxis and
      desensitization.

PMID- 18147061
TI  - Liver biopsy in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 18147062
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147063
TI  - A statistical study of psychoses due to drugs or other exogenous poisons.

PMID- 18147064
TI  - Retrospection on part of the Aleutian Campaign.

PMID- 18147065
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147066
TI  - Subshock insulin therapy in the neuropsychiatric section of a general hospital.

PMID- 18147067
TI  - Phenurone in epilepsy.

PMID- 18147068
TI  - A versatile apparatus providing immobilization of the head for
      electrophysiological studies; accessory equipment described for inserting
      electrodes into subcortical structures.

PMID- 18147069
TI  - Clinical and pathological observations on relapse after successful leucotomy.

PMID- 18147070
TI  - A modern Gulliver; a study in coprophilia.

PMID- 18147071
TI  - The giant mother, the phallic mother, obscenity.

PMID- 18147072
TI  - A psychosomatic unit in a general hospital.

PMID- 18147073
TI  - Some weaknesses and strengths of present-day psychiatric nursing programs.

PMID- 18147074
TI  - The oxidase of cauliflower.

PMID- 18147075
TI  - Effect of sugars on oxidation of ascorbic acid; kinetics of auto-oxidation of
      ascorbic acid.

PMID- 18147076
TI  - Circinate degeneration of the retina; with report of a case.

PMID- 18147077
TI  - Recurrent unilateral glaucoma with cyclitic symptoms.

PMID- 18147078
TI  - Ocular pathology in diabetes.

PMID- 18147079
TI  - Hereditary myopia in identical twins.

PMID- 18147080
TI  - Bilateral symmetrical tuberculous ulcers of the bulbar conjunctivae treated with
      streptomycin.

PMID- 18147081
TI  - Eye-lash in the lacrimal punctum.

PMID- 18147082
TI  - On the use of amniotic membrane.

PMID- 18147083
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147084
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147085
TI  - Fractures involving air sinuses.

PMID- 18147086
TI  - Determination of the difference limen and the lastest illustration thereof in
      audiometry.

PMID- 18147087
TI  - Cancer of the nose; treatment and plastic repair.

PMID- 18147088
TI  - Progression from pre-cancer stage to early carcinoma of cervix within one year;
      combined cytologic and histologic study with report of a case.

PMID- 18147089
TI  - Arsenical encephalopathy; report of a case.

PMID- 18147090
TI  - Effect of tripelennamine hydrochloride on acute inflammation.

PMID- 18147091
TI  - An unusual strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 18147092
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147093
TI  - Non-thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 18147094
TI  - Stricture of the urethra in children.

PMID- 18147095
TI  - Tuberculin patch test; further study of modifications of the normal procedure.

PMID- 18147096
TI  - Pseudopeptic ulcer syndromes in children.

PMID- 18147097
TI  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever treated with chloromycetin; report of two cases.

PMID- 18147098
TI  - The fulminant form of epidemic hepatitis in a 2 month old infant.

PMID- 18147099
TI  - Sickle cell disease.

PMID- 18147100
TI  - Khellin and its assay in injections and tablets.

PMID- 18147101
TI  - Zinc peroxide B.P., 1948.

PMID- 18147102
TI  - Quantitation of the output of individual sweat glands and their response to
      stimulation.

PMID- 18147103
TI  - Determination of amino acids by microbiological assay.

PMID- 18147104
TI  - The protein-sparing effect of carbohydrate in normal and burned rats.

PMID- 18147105
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147106
TI  - Vocabulary item difficulty and word frequency.

PMID- 18147107
TI  - [Polish Red Cross as a public institution in aid of the Public Health Service].

PMID- 18147108
TI  - [Publications of the Polish Public Health Service].

PMID- 18147109
TI  - Diverticula of the oesophagus.

PMID- 18147110
TI  - Diverticula of the small intestine.

PMID- 18147111
TI  - Angiocardiography; a new cassette changer.

PMID- 18147112
TI  - The indirect effect of X rays on the synthesis of nucleic acid in vivo.

PMID- 18147113
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147114
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147115
TI  - A comparison of roentgeographic examinations of the sternum and sternoclavicular
      joint; illustrating a postero-anterior bilateral articulation.

PMID- 18147116
TI  - Can the technician make the diagnosis?

PMID- 18147117
TI  - Concurrent BCG vaccination.

PMID- 18147118
TI  - Streptomycin in tuberculosis.

PMID- 18147119
TI  - The surgical lesions of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis.

PMID- 18147120
TI  - Low back pain and sciatica.

PMID- 18147121
TI  - A possible mechanism of postcoronary shoulder pain.

PMID- 18147122
TI  - Oxytoxics in labor.

PMID- 18147123
TI  - Hysterectomy; a study of types, points of technic and conclusions.

PMID- 18147124
TI  - Surgical treatment of corrosive gastritis.

PMID- 18147125
TI  - An oval-shaped pessary for the correction of procidentia uteri, cystocele and
      rectocele.

PMID- 18147126
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147127
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases with special consideration of
      clinical plethysmography and the surgical physiology of the autonomic nervous
      system.

PMID- 18147128
TI  - Masked steatorrhoea revealed by pseudo-fractures (Looser's zones) with some
      observations on calcium excretion in convalescence.

PMID- 18147129
TI  - Arteriovenous aneurysm of the great vein of Galen.

PMID- 18147130
TI  - Rupture of a splenic arterial aneurysm as a fatal complication of pregnancy.

PMID- 18147131
TI  - Pancreatic cysts.

PMID- 18147132
TI  - Large saccular aneurysm of the intracranial part of the vertebral artery.

PMID- 18147133
TI  - A case of gastroliths.

PMID- 18147134
TI  - Neurinoma of cervical sympathetic chain.

PMID- 18147135
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of vesical diverticulum.

PMID- 18147136
TI  - Bladder carcinoma and vesical schistosomiasis.

PMID- 18147137
TI  - The reproductive rates of some small mammals.

PMID- 18147138
TI  - The cerebral cortex of the chimpanzee at the time of birth.

PMID- 18147139
TI  - Microcinematographical observation of the shortening of actomyosin threads and
      muscle fibres on the effect of adenosintriphosphate.

PMID- 18147140
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147141
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147142
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147143
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147144
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147145
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147147
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147146
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147148
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147149
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147150
TI  - Mitral stenosis; an experimental study on pulmonary-azygos venous anastomosis.

PMID- 18147151
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147152
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147153
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147154
TI  - Distribution of thiamine in the brain.

PMID- 18147155
TI  - The distribution in rat tissues of the methylene carbonatom of glycine labeled
      with C14.

PMID- 18147156
TI  - Aldolase activity of myogen A.

PMID- 18147157
TI  - The rate of interaction of the amino acids of the diet with the tissue proteins.

PMID- 18147158
TI  - The conversion of methionine to cystine in a human cystinuric.

PMID- 18147159
TI  - Comparison of methods for measurement of avian hemoglobin.

PMID- 18147160
TI  - Stones of the salivary glands and ducts.

PMID- 18147161
TI  - Association of progressive (malignant) exophthalmos and localized myxedema.

PMID- 18147162
TI  - Cutaneous lesions occurring in the course of streptomycin therapy.

PMID- 18147163
TI  - Disseminated and circumscribed neurodermatitis treated with phenindamine.

PMID- 18147164
TI  - Syphilitic juxta-articular nodes.

PMID- 18147165
TI  - Parafavus restricted to the scrotum; report of a case.

PMID- 18147166
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma coincidental with pigmented nevus.

PMID- 18147167
TI  - Dermatitis medicamentosa (phenolphthalein) followed by pigmentary changes.

PMID- 18147168
TI  - Dementia paralytica.

PMID- 18147169
TI  - Reticulosis.

PMID- 18147170
TI  - A case for diagnosis; lichen simplex chronicus; lichen planus.

PMID- 18147171
TI  - Familial benign chronic pemphigus (Hailey and Hailey disease).

PMID- 18147172
TI  - Scleroderma.

PMID- 18147173
TI  - Aureomycin employed locally in painful mouth ulcerations; stomatitis aphthosa or
      periadentitis mucosa necrotica recurrens.

PMID- 18147174
TI  - Carcinoma of the pancreas, a clinical and pathologic study of 75 cases.

PMID- 18147175
TI  - Rupture of the esophagus following severe vomiting.

PMID- 18147176
TI  - Comparative biological studies of polymyxin and aerosporin.

PMID- 18147177
TI  - Infrared studies.

PMID- 18147178
TI  - The pharmacology of polymyxin A, B, and D.

PMID- 18147179
TI  - The effect of polymyxin in the treatment of experimental brucellosis and
      tularemia.

PMID- 18147180
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147181
TI  - A study of the scattering of light in normal urines.

PMID- 18147182
TI  - The effect of cocoanut water on the growth of immature embryos of corn (maize).

PMID- 18147183
TI  - Science in the detection of crime.

PMID- 18147184
TI  - Use of furan derivatives in paper chromatography.

PMID- 18147185
TI  - Lactobacillus lactis Dorner for the assay of vitamin B12.

PMID- 18147187
TI  - Recrystallization of relaxed animal fibres.

PMID- 18147186
TI  - Experimental macrocytic anaemia in the rat treated with purified liver extract,
      pteroyl glutamic acid and vitamin B12.

PMID- 18147188
TI  - Spiral-ling in sporangiophores of Phycomyces following a temporary cessation of
      growth.

PMID- 18147189
TI  - A transmission-type interferometer microsope.

PMID- 18147190
TI  - N-bromosuccinimide as a reagent for bromine addition.

PMID- 18147191
TI  - PSYCHIATRIC films.

PMID- 18147192
TI  - Enzymes in teams.

PMID- 18147193
TI  - Effect of testosterone administration on the beard growth of elderly males.

PMID- 18147194
TI  - Endocrine gerontotherapy; the use of sex hormone combinations in female patients.

PMID- 18147195
TI  - Grandmothers are guinea pigs.

PMID- 18147196
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147197
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147198
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147199
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147200
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147201
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147202
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147203
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147204
TI  - The story of the atrioventricular bundle with remarks concerning embryonic heart
      activity.

PMID- 18147205
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147206
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147207
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147208
TI  - Experiences with 116 juvenile campers in a new summer camp for diabetic boys.

PMID- 18147209
TI  - Studies in pernicious anemia patients treated with liver extract and folic acid
      antagonists.

PMID- 18147210
TI  - The ocular fundi in relation to operations for hypertensive cardiovascular
      disease.

PMID- 18147211
TI  - Motility of the human esophagus in control subjects and in patients with
      esophageal disorders.

PMID- 18147212
TI  - Dosage forms of penicillin for systemic infections.

PMID- 18147214
TI  - Laboratory aids in evaluating status of liver.

PMID- 18147213
TI  - Thyrotoxicosis simulating hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 18147215
TI  - Marked eosinophilia secondary to chronic uncomplicated amebiasis; recession with
      carbarsone.

PMID- 18147217
TI  - A case of mesenteric venous thrombosis with survival.

PMID- 18147216
TI  - Typhoid and paratyphoid fever in immunized subjects.

PMID- 18147218
TI  - Hodgkin's disease; histologic-clinical correlations.

PMID- 18147219
TI  - Acute infectious lymphocytosis; report of four cases in a family.

PMID- 18147220
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147221
TI  - Effect of repeated freezing and thawing on mouse carcinoma tissue.

PMID- 18147222
TI  - Urethritis, gonococcal and nonspecific, treated by aureomycin.

PMID- 18147223
TI  - An outbreak of food-poisoning in Bromyard district.

PMID- 18147224
TI  - Tilting trolley for conveying patients to and from operating theatre.

PMID- 18147225
TI  - The return to work of elderly male hospital in-patients.

PMID- 18147226
TI  - The use of tridione in petit mal.

PMID- 18147227
TI  - Direct inspection of coarctation of aorta with thoracoscope.

PMID- 18147228
TI  - The surgical significance of dissecting aortic aneurysms.

PMID- 18147229
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147230
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147231
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147232
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147233
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147234
TI  - Indications for splenectomy.

PMID- 18147235
TI  - Congenital malformation of the heart; a method for the surgical treatment of
      congenital pulmonary stenosis and atresia; an experimental study; preliminary
      report.

PMID- 18147236
TI  - Essential brown induration of the lungs; idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis.

PMID- 18147238
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18147237
TI  - Non-surgical abdominal pain.

PMID- 18147239
TI  - Submucous lipoma of the colon.

PMID- 18147240
TI  - The general practitioner of today.

PMID- 18147241
TI  - Health insurance.

PMID- 18147242
TI  - Round table conference on sodium pentothal.

PMID- 18147243
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147244
TI  - Schizoprenia as described by Bleuler.

PMID- 18147245
TI  - The Meyerian conception of dementia praecox.

PMID- 18147246
TI  - Biology of schizophrenia.

PMID- 18147247
TI  - Syphilitic heart disease with aortitis and aortic valvulitis.

PMID- 18147248
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147249
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147250
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147251
TI  - Rubella in pregnancy; a review of recent literature.

PMID- 18147252
TI  - On the job training.

PMID- 18147253
TI  - Multiple familial occurrence of post-partum schizophrenia.

PMID- 18147254
TI  - Child guidance at the Governor Bacon Health Center; a case of maladjustment.

PMID- 18147255
TI  - Evaluation of prefrontal lobotomy results at Delaware State Hospital.

PMID- 18147256
TI  - The clinical application of factorial measures.

PMID- 18147257
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147258
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147259
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147260
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147261
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147262
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147263
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147264
TI  - Pigmentation of the skin.

PMID- 18147265
TI  - Medicine and the state.

PMID- 18147266
TI  - Trichinosis as a cause of major arterial thrombosis.

PMID- 18147267
TI  - Recent advances in psychoanalysis.

PMID- 18147268
TI  - Cerebral palsy; a public health problem.

PMID- 18147269
TI  - The influence of diet on iron absorption; the pathology of iron excess.
AB  - Rats placed on a corn grit diet and added iron absorbed large amounts of iron in
      contrast to control groups. The histological picture was that of progressive
      hemosiderosis of the hepatic parenchyma and of the reticuloendothelial system. On
      chemical analysis, the iron content of the liver was found to be greatly
      increased. This supports the concept that the liver represents the chief storage
      organ for iron so absorbed. These data indicate that a normal block for iron
      absorption may be overcome under certain circumstances.

PMID- 18147270
TI  - Hematuria; its clinical significance.

PMID- 18147271
TI  - Acute anterior poliomyelitis; case report with comments on therapy.

PMID- 18147272
TI  - Amebiasis; experiences at a veterans hospital.

PMID- 18147273
TI  - The electrocardiogram of normal and malaria-infected monkeys.

PMID- 18147274
TI  - The nutritive value of intravenously administered hydrolyzed human serum albumin
      in man.

PMID- 18147276
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic errors; a study of the causes of error in 500 clinical
      and necropsy records.

PMID- 18147275
TI  - Techniques to overcome the lack of rare Rhesus antisera and cells.

PMID- 18147277
TI  - Antibiotics in treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis.

PMID- 18147278
TI  - New knife for cervical cancer.

PMID- 18147279
TI  - Bilateral rupture of the quadriceps tendon.

PMID- 18147280
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147281
TI  - Tennis elbow.

PMID- 18147282
TI  - Surgery of portal hypertension; portacaval shunts and a two-stage method in the
      poor-risk patient.

PMID- 18147283
TI  - Methyl testosterone for migraine of women.

PMID- 18147284
TI  - Mesenteric vascular occlusion.

PMID- 18147285
TI  - The management of prostatism.

PMID- 18147286
TI  - Contact dermatitis.

PMID- 18147287
TI  - Non-venereal diseases of the male genitalia.

PMID- 18147288
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147289
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147290
TI  - Fulminating apyrexial postpartum streptococcal peritonitis.

PMID- 18147291
TI  - Stocking-holder for the stiff-jointed.

PMID- 18147292
TI  - SUBARACHNOID haemorrhage.

PMID- 18147293
TI  - Sloughs of the tracheal mucosa.

PMID- 18147295
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147294
TI  - Fatal coronary occlusion in a girl aged 16.

PMID- 18147296
TI  - Giant cell tumor of bone.

PMID- 18147297
TI  - The rh factor in pregnancy.

PMID- 18147298
TI  - Upper extremity pain; the orthopedist's point of view.

PMID- 18147299
TI  - Blood alcohol content; some aspects of its post-mortem uses.

PMID- 18147300
TI  - Manual removal of the placenta; a survey of 201 cases.

PMID- 18147301
TI  - A difficult thyreoidectomy.

PMID- 18147302
TI  - A simplified and inexpensive pneumothorax apparatus.

PMID- 18147303
TI  - Hypnotism and its therapeutic value in medicine.

PMID- 18147304
TI  - Third stage.

PMID- 18147305
TI  - A new concept of treatment of ecampsism.

PMID- 18147306
TI  - Gastric resection versus vagotomy versus medical treatment in peptic ulcers.

PMID- 18147307
TI  - The resurrectionists and the medical profession; the traffic in London.

PMID- 18147308
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147309
TI  - Decortication of the lung.

PMID- 18147310
TI  - Traumatic hyperphoria.

PMID- 18147311
TI  - The basis of treatment in the postphlebitic syndrome.

PMID- 18147312
TI  - Uses and abuses of physical therapy in industrial medicine and surgery.

PMID- 18147313
TI  - Varicose veins; a different concept and approach to their treatment.

PMID- 18147314
TI  - Hay fever as a public health problem.

PMID- 18147315
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147316
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147317
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147318
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147319
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147320
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147321
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147322
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147323
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147324
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147325
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147326
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147327
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147328
TI  - A century and a half of medicine in North Carolina.

PMID- 18147329
TI  - Review of certain aspects of pathologic physiology of cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 18147330
TI  - Gonococcic peritonitis of the upper abdomen; subcostal syndrome of Stajano; Fitz
      Hugh-Curtis syndrome.

PMID- 18147331
TI  - The office management of peptic ulcer disease.

PMID- 18147332
TI  - Abdominoperineal proctosigmoidectomy for cancer of the lower bowel; incidence of
      local recurrence.

PMID- 18147333
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147334
TI  - Recent progress in nutrition.

PMID- 18147335
TI  - Surgical treatment of varicose veins.

PMID- 18147336
TI  - Treatment of essential hypertension.

PMID- 18147337
TI  - Analysis of 435 consecutive breech deliveries.

PMID- 18147338
TI  - Prostatic surgery.

PMID- 18147339
TI  - The bladder in paraplegia.

PMID- 18147340
TI  - The care of the menopausal woman.

PMID- 18147341
TI  - The prevention and treatment of prolapse.

PMID- 18147342
TI  - Asthma in childhood; experience in a Liverpool play clinic.

PMID- 18147343
TI  - Care of the perineum during labour.

PMID- 18147345
TI  - Enemas.

PMID- 18147344
TI  - Aureomycin and chloromycetin.

PMID- 18147346
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147347
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147348
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147349
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147350
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147351
TI  - Pancreatic calcification; clinical features.

PMID- 18147352
TI  - The need for shortening scientific papers.

PMID- 18147353
TI  - Renal lesions in chronic hypertension induced by unilateral nephrectomy in the
      rat.

PMID- 18147354
TI  - Effect of dihydroergocornine on the heart.

PMID- 18147355
TI  - Infection as a factor causing death in the eviscerate rat.

PMID- 18147356
TI  - Glycogen in rachitic cartilage and its relation to healing.

PMID- 18147357
TI  - Aminopterin and response of frog oviducts to estradiol; histological studies and
      mitotic counts.

PMID- 18147358
TI  - Relationship between spontaneous activity and metabolic rate as influenced by
      certain sympathomimetic compounds.

PMID- 18147359
TI  - Massive spontaneous pararenal hemorrhage; report of a case.

PMID- 18147360
TI  - Acute pancreatitis at Cook County Hospital.

PMID- 18147361
TI  - Biliary hepatitis.

PMID- 18147362
TI  - Epithelioma.

PMID- 18147363
TI  - Hemicolectomy in the treatment of carcinoma of the left colon.

PMID- 18147364
TI  - Lesions of the knee; clinical versus X-ray diagnosis.

PMID- 18147365
TI  - The role of Streptococcus viridans in the causation of pneumonia.

PMID- 18147366
TI  - The length of the second stage of labor; a review of the literature.

PMID- 18147367
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147369
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147368
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147370
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147371
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147372
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147373
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147374
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147375
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147376
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147377
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147378
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147379
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147380
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147381
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147382
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147383
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147384
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147385
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147386
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147387
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147388
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147389
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147391
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147390
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147392
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147393
TI  - Substitute for dextrose in normal saline.

PMID- 18147394
TI  - VD control; the problem and some answers.

PMID- 18147395
TI  - A convenient source of dry ice.

PMID- 18147396
TI  - A case of phthiriasis palpebarum.

PMID- 18147397
TI  - Late developments in the Army Nurse Corps.

PMID- 18147398
TI  - The nurse instructor at a EUCOM training school.

PMID- 18147399
TI  - ADVERSE effects of heat.

PMID- 18147400
TI  - OPERATION of swimming pools.

PMID- 18147402
TI  - Conservative treatment of large dental cysts.

PMID- 18147401
TI  - Army medicine around the world.

PMID- 18147403
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147404
TI  - Experimental observations on the so-called senile changes of intracellular
      neurofibrils.

PMID- 18147405
TI  - Projective technique with narcosis.

PMID- 18147406
TI  - The importance of religious sectarianism in psychiatric case study.

PMID- 18147407
TI  - Two years of sexology.

PMID- 18147408
TI  - A pre-conception complex.

PMID- 18147409
TI  - Extra-cortical speech disturbances.

PMID- 18147410
TI  - Cerebral lesions responsible for death of patients with active rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18147411
TI  - Neostigmine methylsulfate therapy in hemiplegia.

PMID- 18147412
TI  - Quantitative observations on the olfactory system of the rabbit.

PMID- 18147413
TI  - An evaluation of lobotomy and its potentialities for future research in
      psychiatry and the basic sciences.

PMID- 18147414
TI  - Choreoathetosis in a case of brain tumor with surgical treatment.

PMID- 18147415
TI  - [Psychopathology of the frontal lobe].

PMID- 18147417
TI  - The operable cardiac anomalies.

PMID- 18147416
TI  - Snow in Navajoland.

PMID- 18147418
TI  - Free vs controlled regime in juvenile diabetes.

PMID- 18147419
TI  - New York State nutrition survey; a study of one week's food purchases of 135
      families.

PMID- 18147420
TI  - Refractive errors in identical twins.

PMID- 18147421
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147422
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147424
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147423
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147426
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147425
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147427
TI  - Mechanism of corneal wound healing; cells involved in corneal growth and repair.

PMID- 18147428
TI  - A simple and efficient cataract suture.

PMID- 18147429
TI  - Infections of the vitreous and streptomycin; experimental studies.

PMID- 18147430
TI  - Mild glaucoma.

PMID- 18147431
TI  - Intralaryngeal approach for arytenoidectomy in bilateral abductor vocal cord
      paralysis.

PMID- 18147432
TI  - Hyperplasia of the pigment epithelium of the retina simulating a neoplasm.

PMID- 18147433
TI  - Serological diagnosis in mumps.

PMID- 18147434
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147435
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147436
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147437
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147438
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147439
TI  - Spectrophotometric assay method for pyranisamine maleate.

PMID- 18147440
TI  - The properties and reactions of decamethonium iodide and hexamethonium bromide.

PMID- 18147441
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147442
TI  - Nodular pulmonary densities due to scars of multiple pulmonary infarcts.

PMID- 18147444
TI  - An unusual experience with the Miller-Abbot tube.

PMID- 18147443
TI  - Total pancreatectomy for hyperinsulinism due to islet-cell adenoma; follow-up
      report 5 1/2 years after operation, including matabolic studies.

PMID- 18147445
TI  - Fibrosarcoma, an unusual complication of ulcerative colitis; report of a case.

PMID- 18147446
TI  - Systemic administration of heparin and dicumarol for postoperative adhesions; an
      experimental study.

PMID- 18147447
TI  - Experimental tendon repair within the flexor tunnels; use of polyethylene tubes
      for improvement of functional results in the dog.

PMID- 18147448
TI  - Sulfamethazine in the treatment of urinary infections due to gram-negative
      bacilli.

PMID- 18147449
TI  - Clinical experiences with the artificial kidney.

PMID- 18147450
TI  - Epidemic scrub typhus in Batavia.

PMID- 18147451
TI  - Clinical, pathological and mycological observations in histoplasmosis.

PMID- 18147452
TI  - Toxoplasmosis hominis; isolation of a new strain.

PMID- 18147453
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147454
TI  - Osteogenic sarcoma with multiple skeletal and visceral involvement.

PMID- 18147455
TI  - The vaginal smear as a means of investigating early carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 18147456
TI  - Morbus caeruleus; material.

PMID- 18147457
TI  - Angiocardiography in morbus caeruleus.

PMID- 18147458
TI  - Morbus caeruleus; operation indications and preoperative treatment.

PMID- 18147459
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147460
TI  - Chemical composition of irradiated bone marrow.

PMID- 18147461
TI  - Stereochemical configuration and provitamin A activity; neocryptoxanthin U.

PMID- 18147462
TI  - Destruction of influenza A virus infectivity by formaldehyde.

PMID- 18147463
TI  - The reaction of tobacco mosaic virus with formaldehyde; electrophoretic studies.

PMID- 18147464
TI  - The asymptotic behavior of spontaneous and forced decay.

PMID- 18147466
TI  - DOMESTIC users of isotopes.

PMID- 18147465
TI  - METHOD of measuring the disintegration rate of sodium-22.

PMID- 18147467
TI  - Fast pulse amplifiers for nuclear research.

PMID- 18147468
TI  - Functional analysis of occlusion.

PMID- 18147469
TI  - A survey of dental alloys.

PMID- 18147470
TI  - Periapical pulp canal therapy.

PMID- 18147471
TI  - A cautious note on the use of penicillin in dentistry.

PMID- 18147472
TI  - Psychomotor effect in athetoid patients; report of two cases.

PMID- 18147473
TI  - Significance of bitewing exposures in intraoral roentgenography with description
      of author's technique.

PMID- 18147474
TI  - Reattachment of periodontal tissue.

PMID- 18147475
TI  - The effects of standard diets and some concomitant variables on the incidence of
      dental caries in white rats.

PMID- 18147476
TI  - Eosinophilia in streptomycin therapy.

PMID- 18147477
TI  - The Xenopus pregnancy test.

PMID- 18147478
TI  - The fluorimetric determination of adrenaline in blood plasma.

PMID- 18147479
TI  - Problems regarding the counting of red blood cells; results of investigations.

PMID- 18147480
TI  - The theory of population growth cycles.

PMID- 18147481
TI  - Social medicine; a study of the first 100 patients of a university department of
      industrial health.

PMID- 18147482
TI  - Flagella and motility of Vibrio metschnikovii.

PMID- 18147483
TI  - Chromatographic separation of natural compounds.

PMID- 18147484
TI  - Reversal of penicillin inhibition by a yeast extract.

PMID- 18147485
TI  - Hydroxylysine and lysine in wool.

PMID- 18147486
TI  - The liquid state at the absolute zero and the third law of thermodynamics.

PMID- 18147487
TI  - Flocculation optima in diphtheria toxoid-antitoxin systems.

PMID- 18147488
TI  - Synthesis of L-serine labeled with carbon-14 in the hydroxymethyl group.

PMID- 18147489
TI  - Metabolic studies with 3-methylglucose.

PMID- 18147490
TI  - Nature of the ground substance in interstitial connective tissue.

PMID- 18147491
TI  - Smog and sonics.

PMID- 18147493
TI  - Any old rags to sell?

PMID- 18147492
TI  - Helium, the wonder gas.

PMID- 18147494
TI  - Building mentally and physically strong human beings.

PMID- 18147495
TI  - A new recessive spotting gene in the house mouse.

PMID- 18147496
TI  - Tubal sterilization through the vagina.

PMID- 18147497
TI  - Application of the vaginal smear to the diagnosis of pregnancy; preliminary
      report.

PMID- 18147498
TI  - Evaluation of hormonal and radiation therapy in 190 cases of functional sterility
      and secondary amenorrhea; preliminary report.

PMID- 18147499
TI  - Carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix.

PMID- 18147500
TI  - Experimental mesenteric vascular occlusion.

PMID- 18147501
TI  - The anatomy of the hernial regions; inguinal hernia.

PMID- 18147502
TI  - The technique of gastric resection for peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18147503
TI  - An analytical representation of Rh genotypes.

PMID- 18147505
TI  - Is the practice of obtaining consent for operation a protection or a risk?

PMID- 18147506
TI  - Adaptation to stress; pituitary-adrenal mechanisms.

PMID- 18147504
TI  - Scandinavian literature on hematology from the year 1948.

PMID- 18147507
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147508
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147509
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147510
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147511
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147512
TI  - Clinical report on the toxicity of a new mercurial diuretic (thiomerin) for
      subcutaneous administration.

PMID- 18147513
TI  - The prognosis and treatment of hepatic insufficiency.

PMID- 18147514
TI  - Immunologic types of blastomycosis; a report on 40 cases.

PMID- 18147515
TI  - The incidence of hypertension in portal cirrhosis; a study of 80 necropsied cases
      of portal cirrhosis.

PMID- 18147517
TI  - Recurrent pancreatitis.

PMID- 18147516
TI  - Streptomycin therapy of Hemophilus influenzae endocarditis lenta.

PMID- 18147519
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147518
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147520
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147521
TI  - Cholecystitis due to liver fluke.

PMID- 18147522
TI  - A case of monocytic leukaemia treated with aminopterin.

PMID- 18147523
TI  - Headlamp for ear, nose and throat surgery.

PMID- 18147524
TI  - A comparison of sarcoidosis and tuberculosis with respect to complement fixation
      with antigens derived from the tubercle bacillus.

PMID- 18147525
TI  - Public health aspects of lymphogranuloma venereum.
AB  - The clinical symptoms of lymphogranuloma venereum with the serious pathologic
      changes often occurring in the late stages of the disease warrant greater
      attention to the disease. The reported ratio of cases of lymphogranuloma venereum
      to cases of syphilis and gonorrhea is much higher in San Francisco than in other
      metropolitan ports of western United States, apparently because of greater use of
      diagnostic tests for the disease. Tests of persons likely to be exposed and other
      persons not likely to be exposed to venereal diseases indicate that a positive
      reaction to a Frei test implies past or present infection with lymphogranuloma
      venereum. Positive reactions to complement fixation tests are notably more
      frequent than positive response to Frei tests. The complement fixation test
      appears to be an unreliable diagnostic aid. The frequency of positive reactions
      associated with other venereal diseases, and their infrequency otherwise,
      suggests that lymphogranuloma venereum may exist, unrecognized, in many persons,
      who may be, potentially at least, carriers of the disease.

PMID- 18147526
TI  - Therapeutic problems of nontoxic nodular goiter.
AB  - The crucial point regarding non-toxic nodular goiter is the early diagnosis of
      neoplasm. A neoplasm may be suspected if a nodular goiter has shown recent growth
      with the concurrent appearance of pressure symptoms, if it is found in a patient
      under the age of 20, if vocal cord paralysis is present, or emphatically, if a
      solitary nodule is discovered. Such non-toxic nodular goiters should be promptly
      removed regardless of the presence or absence of pressure symptoms. If
      significant pressure symptoms are present, this in itself is an adequate reason
      for thyroidectomy.

PMID- 18147528
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147527
TI  - Note on the ergothioneine content of ergot from different plant hosts.

PMID- 18147529
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147530
TI  - [Extraction of a foreign body from the eye].

PMID- 18147531
TI  - [Prevention of influenza].

PMID- 18147532
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147533
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147534
TI  - The dynamic process of dental caries.

PMID- 18147535
TI  - Malignant melanoma virtually limited to serous surfaces.

PMID- 18147536
TI  - Cutaneous burns due to fluorescent light.

PMID- 18147537
TI  - MALPRACTICE; physician's failure to use sterile instruments [Calif., 1949].

PMID- 18147538
TI  - Chylous cyst of the mesentery.

PMID- 18147539
TI  - Radio-therapy in modern medicine.

PMID- 18147540
TI  - The proper selection of a digitalizing drug.

PMID- 18147541
TI  - Management of pain associated with disturbances of the intervertebral disc.

PMID- 18147543
TI  - Exceptionally large twins.

PMID- 18147542
TI  - Pathogenesis of atopic eczema.

PMID- 18147544
TI  - Vesical neck obstruction in the female.

PMID- 18147545
TI  - Nutrition from the standpoint of the medical practitioner.

PMID- 18147546
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147547
TI  - Retropubic prostatectomy.

PMID- 18147548
TI  - Confirm cancer.

PMID- 18147549
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147550
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147551
TI  - The mortality of primary tuberculosis in childhood.

PMID- 18147552
TI  - Anti-pernicious-anaemia factor and white-cell count.

PMID- 18147553
TI  - Effect of pentamethonium iodide on normal and hypertensive persons.

PMID- 18147554
TI  - Vasomotor rhinorrhoea treated with anthisan.

PMID- 18147555
TI  - Thyroid surgery.

PMID- 18147556
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147557
TI  - Anxiety states.

PMID- 18147558
TI  - The criteria of physical fitness.

PMID- 18147559
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147560
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147561
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147562
TI  - A medullary fracture pin for spring-type fixation as applied to the femur.

PMID- 18147563
TI  - The essential clinical considerations of carcinoma of the rectum.

PMID- 18147564
TI  - Neurologic aspects of vertigo.

PMID- 18147565
TI  - Papillary carcinoma of renal pelvis, with extension into ureter and with
      metastases to ureteral mucosa.

PMID- 18147566
TI  - Hospital administration as a medical specialty.

PMID- 18147567
TI  - Papillary adenocarcinoma of breast.

PMID- 18147568
TI  - Routine exploration of common duct following cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis.

PMID- 18147569
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147570
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147571
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147572
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147573
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147574
TI  - An evaluation of thephorin as an adjunct in the treatment of pruritic dermatoses.

PMID- 18147575
TI  - Medical control of the venereal diseases.

PMID- 18147576
TI  - Intragastric oxycel.

PMID- 18147577
TI  - Rorschach's test as used in the psychiatric interview.

PMID- 18147578
TI  - Rheumatic fever in Kootenai County, Idaho.

PMID- 18147579
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147580
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147581
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147582
TI  - Pelvic infection; present status of treatment.

PMID- 18147583
TI  - Psychosomatic aspects of nutritional therapy.

PMID- 18147584
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147585
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147586
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147587
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147588
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147589
TI  - Ankylosing spondylitis; radiological, clinical, and biochemical investigations in
      a series of cases.

PMID- 18147590
TI  - Ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 18147591
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147592
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147593
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147595
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147594
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147596
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147597
TI  - [Contact dermatitis caused by the allergization to the watch plastic strap].

PMID- 18147598
TI  - Lymphosarcoma and Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 18147599
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147600
TI  - Intestinal obstruction.

PMID- 18147601
TI  - The rural health program.

PMID- 18147602
TI  - General principles in the treatment of superficial carcinoma.

PMID- 18147603
TI  - Purulent meningitis in childhood.

PMID- 18147604
TI  - Eleoma of the rectum.

PMID- 18147605
TI  - Botulism in human beings from home and commercially canned foods.

PMID- 18147606
TI  - Perirenal insufflation of air.

PMID- 18147607
TI  - Osteoid osteoma.

PMID- 18147608
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147609
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147610
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147611
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147612
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147613
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147614
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147615
TI  - Some preclinical signs of disease.

PMID- 18147616
TI  - Epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria.

PMID- 18147617
TI  - Gangrene of the penis following circumcision with high frequency current; plastic
      reconstruction of the penis.

PMID- 18147618
TI  - Hepatic failure; emphasis on water balance.

PMID- 18147619
TI  - The use of wire sutures in compound wounds.

PMID- 18147620
TI  - Insulin resistance; a survey of the literature and report of two cases.

PMID- 18147621
TI  - Vitamin E; a therapeutic perpetration.

PMID- 18147622
TI  - Relief of the symptoms of acute gout and rheumatoid arthritis by means of
      pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone.

PMID- 18147623
TI  - Procaine penicillin G in aqueous suspension; observations on serum penicillin
      concentrations and on treatment of a case of subacute bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 18147624
TI  - Technical advantages of combined abdominal and right thoracic approach for
      resection of lesions of the middle portion of the esophagus.

PMID- 18147625
TI  - Prolonged serum penicillin levels in children after injection of a procaine
      penicillin G preparation.

PMID- 18147626
TI  - Antiviral chemotherapy; flavones and related compounds.

PMID- 18147627
TI  - Neglected diabetic patients.

PMID- 18147628
TI  - The doctor in his relationship to the community.

PMID- 18147629
TI  - A new antibacterial in surgery; sulfamylon-streptomycin.

PMID- 18147631
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147630
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147632
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147633
TI  - Acute perforation of gastroduodenal ulcer; report of 42 cases.

PMID- 18147634
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147635
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147636
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147637
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147638
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147639
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147640
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147641
TI  - Critical evaluation of sympathectomy in peripheral vascular disease.

PMID- 18147642
TI  - The fenestration operation; selection of cases and training of the surgeon.

PMID- 18147643
TI  - Liabilities in the use of morphine.

PMID- 18147644
TI  - POLIOMYELITIS.

PMID- 18147645
TI  - Removal of root from maxillary sinus and closure of antra-oral opening.

PMID- 18147646
TI  - Tendon grafts in the hand.

PMID- 18147647
TI  - Ventral hernia; repair by means of multiple pedicled fascial flaps.

PMID- 18147648
TI  - Foreign bodies in the rectum; a case report.

PMID- 18147649
TI  - Fracture of the inner malleolus of the ankle with emphasis on treatment of
      nonunion.

PMID- 18147650
TI  - Erythermalgia (erythromelalgia) of the extremities in a ssoldier.

PMID- 18147651
TI  - RELATIONSHIP of weight and height of recruits.

PMID- 18147652
TI  - MEDICAL Department of the Air Force.

PMID- 18147653
TI  - Low sodium diet.

PMID- 18147654
TI  - MEDICAL care charges effective 1 July, 1949.

PMID- 18147655
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147656
TI  - Facilitation produced by cerebellar stimulation.

PMID- 18147657
TI  - Somatic procedures for the relief of anxiety; a review.

PMID- 18147658
TI  - The physiology of hypnosis; a review of the literature.

PMID- 18147659
TI  - A comparative study of hysterics, homosexuals and alcoholics using content
      analysis of Rorschach responses.

PMID- 18147660
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147661
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147662
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147663
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147664
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147665
TI  - [Rare case of injury of the orbit].

PMID- 18147666
TI  - The role of surveys and diagnostic clinics in a state program of speech
      correction.

PMID- 18147667
TI  - Home adjustment of stutterers versus non-stutterers.

PMID- 18147668
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147669
TI  - Dilatation of the acini of the pancreas in hyperemesis of pregnancy.

PMID- 18147670
TI  - Nomograph for rapid calculation of icterus index when determined by colorimeter.

PMID- 18147671
TI  - An instrument to level tissue in paraffin embedding.

PMID- 18147672
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147673
TI  - Psychosomatic pediatrics.

PMID- 18147674
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147675
TI  - Rubella or German measles.

PMID- 18147676
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147677
TI  - Physiologic bow legs.

PMID- 18147678
TI  - The treatment of acute diarrhea in infancy.

PMID- 18147679
TI  - Pneumococcic meningitis.

PMID- 18147680
TI  - An unusual case of perirenal abscess.

PMID- 18147681
TI  - Leukopenia and drug fever in a juvenile hyperthyroid treated with
      propylthiouracil.

PMID- 18147682
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147683
TI  - [Ectodermosi erosive pluriorifiziale].

PMID- 18147684
TI  - [Chloromycetin].

PMID- 18147685
TI  - Penicillin therapy of diphtheria carriers; an analysis of 70 cases.

PMID- 18147686
TI  - Mechanism of emergence of resistance to streptomycin in five species of Gram
      negative bacilli.

PMID- 18147687
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147688
TI  - A contribution to the chemistry and toxicology of the root of Phytolacca
      americana, L.

PMID- 18147689
TI  - Viburnum studies; rate of extraction of uterine sedative potency.

PMID- 18147690
TI  - A phytochemical study of Malva rotundifolia, L.

PMID- 18147691
TI  - The pharmacological activity of epinephrine and related
      dihydroxyphenylalkylamines.

PMID- 18147692
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147693
TI  - Electrolytic resistance of the blood clot; resistance clotting time, onset of
      clot retraction and the clot resistance.

PMID- 18147694
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of large volumes of isotonic saline infused intravenously
      into dogs following severe hemorrhage.

PMID- 18147695
TI  - Responses elicited by combined stimulation of pairs of fixed electrodes in the
      unanesthetized monkey.

PMID- 18147696
TI  - Interest as a psychological concept.

PMID- 18147697
TI  - A projective test of masculinity-femininity.

PMID- 18147698
TI  - An investigation of certain relationships between the California test of mental
      maturity and the Wechsler-Bellevue intelligence scale.

PMID- 18147699
TI  - Some needs in research with the Wechsler-Bellevue scale.

PMID- 18147700
TI  - Estimations of distance on polar coordinate plots as a function of the scale
      used.

PMID- 18147701
TI  - Psychosomatics of everyday life.

PMID- 18147702
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147703
TI  - Statistical bias in comparisons of monaural and binaural thresholds; binaural
      summation or binaural supplementation.

PMID- 18147704
TI  - Standards of dental care for the different age groups.

PMID- 18147705
TI  - The caries problem of the school child.

PMID- 18147706
TI  - Tuberculosis in a school for mental defectives.

PMID- 18147707
TI  - Evaluating A.P.H.A. exhibits.

PMID- 18147708
TI  - Brucellosis control in Oregon.

PMID- 18147709
TI  - Industrial buildings and the workers' health.

PMID- 18147711
TI  - Problems in the education of the physically handicapped child.

PMID- 18147710
TI  - The Children Act, 1948.

PMID- 18147712
TI  - The care and preservation of fish as food.

PMID- 18147713
TI  - Food hygiene as applied to the marketing and distribution of fish.

PMID- 18147714
TI  - Industrial medicine.

PMID- 18147715
TI  - The oxygen requirements of activated sludge determined by manometric methods.

PMID- 18147716
TI  - Wastes from chemical manufacturing.

PMID- 18147717
TI  - Compressed yeast waste treatment; sludge formation, characteristics and changes.

PMID- 18147718
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147719
TI  - Some aspects of the use of electrokymography in cardiac investigations.

PMID- 18147720
TI  - The influence of energy absorption and electron range on dosage in irradiated
      bone.

PMID- 18147721
TI  - Jejuno-gastric intussusception.

PMID- 18147722
TI  - An interesting pregnancy.

PMID- 18147723
TI  - Bronchial dynamism.

PMID- 18147724
TI  - Intrathoracic goiter; its incidence, symptomatology, and roentgen diagnosis.

PMID- 18147725
TI  - Spontaneous hemopneumothorax; etiological considerations and case report.

PMID- 18147726
TI  - Volvulus of the sigmoid; a new radiologic sign.

PMID- 18147727
TI  - Body section radiography.

PMID- 18147728
TI  - Contralateral spontaneous pneumothorax following lobectomy.

PMID- 18147729
TI  - Decollation of intrapleural adhesions by open extrapleural pneumonolysis.

PMID- 18147730
TI  - Experimental observations on embolism of pulmonary lobar arteries.

PMID- 18147731
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147732
TI  - Tracheoesophageal fistula caused by blunt violence.

PMID- 18147733
TI  - New surgical procedures in certain cases of congenital pulmonary stenosis.

PMID- 18147734
TI  - Tetraethylammonium chloride in experimental vascular injuries of limb, bowel and
      heart.

PMID- 18147735
TI  - Reduction in mortality and loss of limbs in diabetic gangrene and infection.

PMID- 18147736
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus.

PMID- 18147737
TI  - Blood transfusion and reaction in surgical patients.

PMID- 18147738
TI  - Bronchiectasis in children.

PMID- 18147739
TI  - Nerve sheath tumours of the vagus nerve in the neck.

PMID- 18147740
TI  - Some clinical aspects of unilateral renal ectopia; a report of seven cases.

PMID- 18147741
TI  - Fenestration.

PMID- 18147742
TI  - The approach to the upper abdomen.

PMID- 18147743
TI  - Efficacy of peripheral-acting drugs in the treatment of experimental spasticity.

PMID- 18147744
TI  - Possibilities of hydrotherapy in a psychiatric hospital.

PMID- 18147745
TI  - Impressions of physical medicine in the United States of America.

PMID- 18147746
TI  - Exercise in the bath; evidence of its value as compared with exercise in air.

PMID- 18147747
TI  - Psychological aspects of industrial physiotherapy.

PMID- 18147748
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147749
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147750
TI  - Morphine sensitivity.

PMID- 18147751
TI  - The influence of partial pressure of nitrous oxide on the depth of anesthesia and
      the electro-encephalogram in man.

PMID- 18147752
TI  - Changes in the heart rate, blood pressure and electrocardiogram in dogs during
      diffusion respiration.

PMID- 18147754
TI  - Studies on the metabolism of photosynthetic bacteria; photochemical production of
      molecular hydrogen by growing cultures of photosynthetic bacteria.

PMID- 18147753
TI  - A simplified, inexpensive method for holding syringes of pentothal sodium for
      continuous injection.

PMID- 18147755
TI  - Amino acids in healthy Chlorella cells.

PMID- 18147756
TI  - Origin, development and significance of L-forms in bacterial cultures.

PMID- 18147757
TI  - Bacteriolytic properties of actinomycetes and staphylococci.

PMID- 18147758
TI  - Mass rearing of Drosophila.

PMID- 18147759
TI  - Lindane, a common name for essentially pure gamma isomer of benzene hexachloride.

PMID- 18147760
TI  - Mechanism of induction of ovarian tumors by X-rays.

PMID- 18147761
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147762
TI  - Studies on choline-esterase; effect of substrate concentration and temperature on
      the rate of hydrolysis.

PMID- 18147763
TI  - Preliminary observations on certain biochemical findings in cirrhosis of the
      liver.

PMID- 18147764
TI  - Etiology of sialolithiasis.

PMID- 18147765
TI  - Extraction of incisor in an infant.

PMID- 18147766
TI  - Electron microscope studies of structural changes in enamel following topical
      applications of sodium fluoride.

PMID- 18147767
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147768
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147770
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147769
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147771
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147772
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147773
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147774
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147775
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147776
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147777
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147778
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147779
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147780
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147781
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147782
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147783
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147784
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147785
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147786
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147787
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147788
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147789
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147790
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147791
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147792
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147793
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147794
TI  - Experience in the use of the vaginal smear method of cancer diagnosis.

PMID- 18147795
TI  - A review of the recommended nomenclature for cells of the blood and blood-forming
      organs.

PMID- 18147796
TI  - The clinical evaluation of aureomycin.

PMID- 18147798
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147799
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147800
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147801
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147802
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147803
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147804
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147805
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147806
TI  - [Freud and the science of psychoanalysis since his day].

PMID- 18147807
TI  - Plant hormones.

PMID- 18147808
TI  - Genetic analysis of the polymorphism of color pattern in Drosophila polymorpha.

PMID- 18147809
TI  - Mating between two strains of Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 18147810
TI  - A new skin treatment for the incontinent patient; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18147811
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147812
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147813
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147814
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147815
TI  - Dermatitis among the public from new fabrics, dyes and finishes.

PMID- 18147816
TI  - Hydatid cyst found among South American miners and herders.

PMID- 18147817
TI  - Moniliasis generalisata.

PMID- 18147818
TI  - Certain pressor-depressor tests in essential hypertension; a comparison and
      comment.

PMID- 18147820
TI  - Para-esophageal hernias.

PMID- 18147821
TI  - Pathology of the thyroid.

PMID- 18147819
TI  - A note on ectopic nipples.

PMID- 18147822
TI  - Liver disease and diabetes.

PMID- 18147823
TI  - Modern treatment of leprosy; a report of ten cases on diasone treatment.

PMID- 18147824
TI  - Menorrhagia and its modern treatment.

PMID- 18147825
TI  - Case report of uterus didelphys.

PMID- 18147826
TI  - A neglected case of chronic amoebic dysentery treated with vitamin B complex.

PMID- 18147827
TI  - Medical aspects of submarine warfare, the human factor as reflected in war patrol
      reports.

PMID- 18147828
TI  - Survival after recent myocardial infarction.

PMID- 18147829
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147830
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147831
TI  - Failure of aureomycin in experimental melioidosis.

PMID- 18147832
TI  - Banti's disease; possible relationship to Rh factor.

PMID- 18147833
TI  - A simple emergency method for estimation of blood sugar.

PMID- 18147834
TI  - Hydatid cyst and cirrhosis.

PMID- 18147835
TI  - A new neonatal syndrome.

PMID- 18147837
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147836
TI  - Incidence of physical disorders among psychiatric in-patients; a study of 175
      cases.

PMID- 18147838
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147839
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147840
TI  - Bleeding in the last trimester of pregnancy.

PMID- 18147841
TI  - The medical, social and public health aspects of rehabilitation.

PMID- 18147842
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147843
TI  - [Medical principles in prostheses].

PMID- 18147844
TI  - [Syncope].

PMID- 18147845
TI  - [Millet].

PMID- 18147846
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147847
TI  - Forty-two cases of poliomyelitis in Centralia, 1949.

PMID- 18147848
TI  - Studies on a new pyrogen fever treatment.

PMID- 18147849
TI  - The coexistence of pernicious anemia and chronic lymphatic leukemia.

PMID- 18147850
TI  - Chronic glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 18147851
TI  - Anesthesia and the role of anesthesiologists of today.

PMID- 18147852
TI  - Temporary relief of asthma by jaundice; report of three cases.

PMID- 18147853
TI  - Agranulocytosis following pyrithyldione therapy.

PMID- 18147854
TI  - Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage simulating appendiceal abscess.

PMID- 18147855
TI  - Is the Indiana 1935 Sterilization of the Insane Act functioning?

PMID- 18147856
TI  - Non-surgical orthopedic management of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18147857
TI  - Psychiatry in relation to obstetrics.

PMID- 18147858
TI  - Convalescent care of rheumatic fever in the home.

PMID- 18147859
TI  - Toward better prenatal care.

PMID- 18147860
TI  - Twenty years' experience with cancer of the cervix.

PMID- 18147861
TI  - Intestinal obstruction due to enterocholelithiasis.

PMID- 18147862
TI  - Medical social service at the Maine General Hospital.

PMID- 18147863
TI  - Surgical management of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18147864
TI  - Anesthesia; the weakest link in the surgical procedure.

PMID- 18147865
TI  - Systemic bacitracin in surgical infections.

PMID- 18147866
TI  - Cancer research.

PMID- 18147868
TI  - Congenital anomalies of the eyes.

PMID- 18147867
TI  - Care and treatment of the psychotic patient.

PMID- 18147869
TI  - Neurofibroma of stomach?

PMID- 18147870
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147871
TI  - Preventive immunizations of infancy and early childhood.

PMID- 18147872
TI  - [Vernal acute edema].

PMID- 18147873
TI  - [Intra-articular administration of adrenalin].

PMID- 18147874
TI  - Invasion of the larynx by a benign adenomatous goiter; report of a case.

PMID- 18147875
TI  - The seven sins of medicine.

PMID- 18147876
TI  - Function of the M.D. degree.

PMID- 18147877
TI  - The first M.B.

PMID- 18147879
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147878
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147880
TI  - Hormonal alterations of advanced cancer of the breast.

PMID- 18147881
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147882
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147883
TI  - Streptomycin in tuberculosis.

PMID- 18147884
TI  - The nature, recognition and treatment of glaucoma.

PMID- 18147885
TI  - Non-eczematous industrial dermatitis.

PMID- 18147886
TI  - The Royal Prince Hospital cancer of the uterus follow-up.

PMID- 18147887
TI  - The diagnosis of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18147888
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147889
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147890
TI  - Treatment of the severed flexor tendon in the hand.

PMID- 18147891
TI  - MEDICINE behind the iron curtain; the experiences of a Russian-speaking German
      medical officer as a P. O. W. in Russia, 1945-1948.

PMID- 18147892
TI  - Cardiovascular syphilis; the effect of penicillin treatment on its incidence.

PMID- 18147893
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147894
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147895
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147896
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147897
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147898
TI  - Hemangiosarcoma of breast.

PMID- 18147899
TI  - The major urologic consideration in paraplegia.

PMID- 18147900
TI  - Abscess of lung.

PMID- 18147901
TI  - Lactating fibroadenoma of breast.

PMID- 18147902
TI  - Recognition of brain tumours in general practice.

PMID- 18147903
TI  - A study of the serological types of group A haemolytic streptococci in the
      epidemiology of scarlet fever in Dunedin.

PMID- 18147904
TI  - A preliminary report of a search for Q fever in New Zealand.

PMID- 18147905
TI  - An unusual complication of appendicitis in a child.

PMID- 18147906
TI  - The institutional treatment of rheumatism at Rotorua.

PMID- 18147907
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147908
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147909
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147910
TI  - The laboratory and clinical evaluation of a new antacid preparation.

PMID- 18147911
TI  - Syphilis, 1949.

PMID- 18147912
TI  - Ten per cent crotonyl-N-ethyl-O-toluidine ointment, a new scabieticidal agent.

PMID- 18147913
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147914
TI  - [Early diagnosis of cancer of the uterus].

PMID- 18147915
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147916
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147917
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147918
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147919
TI  - Studies on the influence of streptomycin and other antibiotic agents on some
      enzymes of Mycobacterium smegmatis.

PMID- 18147920
TI  - Dermatitis herpetiformis with ocular manifestations.

PMID- 18147921
TI  - Arthritis of wrist relieved by synovectomy.

PMID- 18147922
TI  - Anterior retinal dialysis.

PMID- 18147923
TI  - Bronchospasm and antihistamine drugs.

PMID- 18147924
TI  - Some modern concepts of pinworm infection with data on the incidence among
      Indiana residents.

PMID- 18147925
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147926
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147927
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147928
TI  - The impact of socialized medicine on the British physician and the patient.

PMID- 18147929
TI  - Medical negligence resulting in death.

PMID- 18147930
TI  - Theca cell tumour of the ovary.

PMID- 18147931
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147932
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147933
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147934
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147935
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147937
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147936
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147938
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147939
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147940
TI  - The pathology of the reticuloses.

PMID- 18147941
TI  - Philosophy and medicine.

PMID- 18147942
TI  - Establishment of fixed hospitals in the European Theater of Operations.

PMID- 18147943
TI  - The medical services in the Greek resistance movement in World War II.

PMID- 18147944
TI  - Aplastic anemia as a complication of streptomycin therapy.

PMID- 18147945
TI  - Muscular atrophy and pseudologia fantastica associated with islet cell adenoma of
      the pancreas.

PMID- 18147946
TI  - The syndrome of sensorimotor induction in disturbed equilibrium.

PMID- 18147947
TI  - Aneurysms of the posterior communicating artery; report of five cases with
      operation.

PMID- 18147948
TI  - On the phenomena of depersonalization.

PMID- 18147949
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147950
TI  - [Social and economic importance of food consumption surveys].

PMID- 18147951
TI  - [Survey of food consumption in rural households].

PMID- 18147952
TI  - [Nutritional condition of youth in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 18147953
TI  - [Fruit syrups--a neglected branch of manufacture].

PMID- 18147954
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147955
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147956
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147957
TI  - A preliminary note on a new method of fixing corneal grafts.

PMID- 18147958
TI  - A new treatment of acute aero-otitis media.

PMID- 18147959
TI  - Monostotic fibrous dysplasia; report of two cases.

PMID- 18147961
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147960
TI  - To the technics of laryngostroboscopic examination.

PMID- 18147962
TI  - Cortical necrosis of the adrenal gland in man; evolution and varieties of acute
      necrosis and its repair.

PMID- 18147963
TI  - Reticulo-epithelioid cell granulomas in bone marrow in herpes zoster; report of
      case.

PMID- 18147964
TI  - Pathology of atomic bomb casualties.

PMID- 18147965
TI  - Chorea (Sydenham) a study of 58 additional patients.

PMID- 18147966
TI  - Mumps meningoencephalitis with and without parotitis.

PMID- 18147967
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147968
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147970
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147969
TI  - [New method of diagnostical puncture of the spleen and liver].

PMID- 18147971
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147973
TI  - The industrial alcohol picture.

PMID- 18147972
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147974
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147975
TI  - Sabadilla alkaloids; extraction of total alkaloids.

PMID- 18147976
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147977
TI  - The white rat's discrimination of differences in intensity of illumination
      measured by a running response.

PMID- 18147978
TI  - Generalization of secondary reinforcement from the primary drive.

PMID- 18147979
TI  - Relative ability of the newt and the terrapin to reverse a direction habit.

PMID- 18147980
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147981
TI  - Stimulus generalization of conditioned responses.

PMID- 18147982
TI  - The types of coli-aerogenes organisms occurring in frozen vegetables.

PMID- 18147983
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147984
TI  - The X-ray processing facilities; X-ray processing tanks; temperature control.

PMID- 18147985
TI  - Large fibroadenoma of stomach.

PMID- 18147986
TI  - Lateral visualization of the pregnant uterus.

PMID- 18147987
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147988
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18147989
TI  - Recent advances in the conservative treatment of the giant cavity.

PMID- 18147990
TI  - Cholesterol pleural effusion.

PMID- 18147991
TI  - Acute nontraumatic spinal epidural hemorrhage.

PMID- 18147992
TI  - Extraperitoneal cesarean section; a new paravesical approach.

PMID- 18147993
TI  - Pelvic flexion cast in treatment of chronic lumbar backache.

PMID- 18147994
TI  - Malignant lymphoma of the stomach.

PMID- 18147995
TI  - Tension gangrene of the cecum due to cancer of the sigmoid.

PMID- 18147996
TI  - Post-typhoid empyema of gallbladder.

PMID- 18147997
TI  - Congenital cyst of the common bile duct in a newborn infant.

PMID- 18147998
TI  - Thoracotomy and extirpation of mediastinal metastases after sarcoma tibiae
      sinistrae.

PMID- 18147999
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148000
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148001
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148002
TI  - Studies on the nutritional state of surgical patients.

PMID- 18148003
TI  - Chorion-epithelioma uteri; with a case report.

PMID- 18148004
TI  - A case of thyroid tumour in the maxillary antrum.

PMID- 18148005
TI  - Mobilization of paraplegics; wheel chair and mat exercises.

PMID- 18148006
TI  - Physiotherapy in an experimental industrial health service.

PMID- 18148007
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148008
TI  - Tropical diseases in Brazil.

PMID- 18148009
TI  - Haemoglobin estimation by the cyan haematin method; modification for use in warm
      climates.

PMID- 18148010
TI  - [Temporary pericardial friction sounds arising after plastic operation on the
      thorax].

PMID- 18148011
TI  - The value of nephrectomy in the treatment of bilateral renal tuberculosis; a
      report of clinical and experimental data.

PMID- 18148012
TI  - Cutaneous metastasis of bladder carcinoma.

PMID- 18148013
TI  - Some problems of reconstruction in urology.

PMID- 18148014
TI  - Ureteral ectopia; a review of the literature and two case reports.

PMID- 18148015
TI  - The silver catheter.

PMID- 18148016
TI  - Anaesthesia for peroral endoscopy.

PMID- 18148017
TI  - The teaching of anesthesia.

PMID- 18148018
TI  - The role of anatomy in anesthesia.

PMID- 18148020
TI  - Studies on the toxicity of insecticide films; effect of temperature on the
      toxicity of DDT films.

PMID- 18148021
TI  - Some effects of P32 on the development of Drosophila.

PMID- 18148022
TI  - The proteins of green leaves: evidence of the formation of tobacco mosaic virus
      protein at the expense of a main protein component in tobacco leaf cytoplasm.

PMID- 18148024
TI  - Studies on ribonucleic acid; preparation from pancreas.

PMID- 18148023
TI  - Separation of enzymes on the filter paper chromatopile.

PMID- 18148025
TI  - Use of copper (II) ion in masking alpha-amino groups of amino acids.

PMID- 18148026
TI  - The mechanism of the phosphoglucomutase reaction.

PMID- 18148027
TI  - X-ray optics; imperfections of optical flats and their effect on the reflection
      of X-rays.

PMID- 18148028
TI  - Visibility on cathode-ray tube screens; viewing angle.

PMID- 18148029
TI  - Face value.

PMID- 18148030
TI  - New approach to pulpal distress.

PMID- 18148031
TI  - A modified oral screen made of latex.

PMID- 18148032
TI  - Use of demerol hydrochloride in dentistry.

PMID- 18148033
TI  - Stages and signs of anesthesia.

PMID- 18148034
TI  - Mouth cancer; the dentist's opportunity for early treatment and control.

PMID- 18148035
TI  - Metallic foreign bodies in oral surgery; report of cases.

PMID- 18148037
TI  - Scurvy, scorbutus.

PMID- 18148036
TI  - The registry of dental and oral pathology.

PMID- 18148038
TI  - Oral cancer; the dentist's responsibility.

PMID- 18148039
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148040
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148041
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148042
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148044
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148043
TI  - Rickettsialpox; a clinical review with differential diagnostic notes.

PMID- 18148045
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148046
TI  - Carboxymethylcellulose as a colloid laxative.

PMID- 18148047
TI  - Studies on serum carotene in man.

PMID- 18148048
TI  - Studies with bromsulfalein; factors altering its disappearance from the blood
      after a single intravenous injection.

PMID- 18148049
TI  - Sensitization to bromsulphalein (phenoltetrabromphthalein-disodium sulfonate).

PMID- 18148050
TI  - The behavior of labeled iodocasein in human myxedema.

PMID- 18148051
TI  - The goitrogens in thyrotoxicosis complicating pregnancy; a case report.

PMID- 18148052
TI  - Current developments in food standard proceedings.

PMID- 18148053
TI  - State food standards.

PMID- 18148054
TI  - Procedures for the appraisal of the toxicity of chemicals in foods.

PMID- 18148055
TI  - Intramolecular bonding by Van der Waals forces.

PMID- 18148056
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148058
TI  - Applications of some significance tests for the median which are valid under very
      general conditions.

PMID- 18148057
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148059
TI  - Beneficiary statistics under the old-age and survivors insurance program and some
      possible demographic studies based on these data.

PMID- 18148060
TI  - Differences between the international temperature scales of 1948 and 1927.

PMID- 18148061
TI  - Relation between entrance and exit pupils of telescopic systems.

PMID- 18148062
TI  - An adventure in bibliochronology.

PMID- 18148064
TI  - Cosmical zero, and the origin of radiation and dense matter.

PMID- 18148063
TI  - Symbols and nomenclature.

PMID- 18148065
TI  - A new ion source for mass spectrometry.

PMID- 18148066
TI  - Learning to think.

PMID- 18148067
TI  - Seeing light and color.

PMID- 18148068
TI  - Rupture of the uterus in a pregnancy subsequent to hysterotomy for hydatidiform
      mole.

PMID- 18148069
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148070
TI  - Pathology of the ruptured spleen in acute vivax malaria.

PMID- 18148071
TI  - Early botanical gardens.

PMID- 18148074
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148073
TI  - How to establish a botanical garden.

PMID- 18148072
TI  - Modern botanical gardens in Europe and the tropics.

PMID- 18148075
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148076
TI  - TREATING polio cases in the general hospital; 1949 outbreak teaches lessons.

PMID- 18148077
TI  - Host growth and its relation to influenzal virus infection.

PMID- 18148078
TI  - The immunologic reactivity of bovine serum albumin labeled with trace-amounts of
      radioactive iodine (I131).

PMID- 18148079
TI  - Electrophoretic, nitrogen and lipide analyses of plasma and plasma fractions in
      disease.

PMID- 18148080
TI  - Chronic pulmonary granulomatosis report of ten cases.

PMID- 18148081
TI  - Chronic pleurisy and peritonitis.

PMID- 18148083
TI  - The management of retained placenta; a plea for manual removal.

PMID- 18148082
TI  - The use of copper, cobalt, manganese and iodine in the treatment of undulant
      fever; preliminary report.

PMID- 18148084
TI  - Barbiturate poisoning; report of three cases.

PMID- 18148085
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148086
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148087
TI  - On the teaching of biology as a preparation for medicine.

PMID- 18148088
TI  - The teaching of anatomy to the medical student.

PMID- 18148089
TI  - Myxoedematous madness.

PMID- 18148090
TI  - Bacteriophage types in penicillin-resistant staphylococcal infection.

PMID- 18148091
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous anthrax.

PMID- 18148092
TI  - A transparent perspex perimeter.

PMID- 18148093
TI  - The treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia by a single daily injection of aqueous
      penicillin with one supplementary injection on the first day.

PMID- 18148094
TI  - The emetic crisis of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18148095
TI  - Fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine.

PMID- 18148096
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148097
TI  - Trial of vitamin E therapy in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18148098
TI  - Penicillin in the treatment of prenatal syphilis.

PMID- 18148099
TI  - The superficial ulnar artery with reference to accidental intra-arterial
      injection.

PMID- 18148101
TI  - Metastasis of bronchogenic carcinoma to the thumb.

PMID- 18148100
TI  - Iontophoresis of pyribenzamine in allergic rhinitis.

PMID- 18148102
TI  - A reel designed for handling silk.

PMID- 18148103
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148104
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148105
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148106
TI  - Sixteen years with a colostomy.

PMID- 18148107
TI  - Psychosomatic disease; the relationship of personality and thought to disease.

PMID- 18148108
TI  - The private physician takes over venereal disease control.

PMID- 18148109
TI  - Nutrition in pregnancy.

PMID- 18148110
TI  - Are our children protected against diphtheria and smallpox? a report on the
      immunization status of 6 year old children in Kent County.

PMID- 18148111
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148112
TI  - Sleeping sickness.

PMID- 18148113
TI  - Unusual reaction to ant bites.

PMID- 18148114
TI  - The contribution of the South Dakota basic science school to the physician
      population of its state and area.

PMID- 18148115
TI  - Intrathoracic goiter.

PMID- 18148116
TI  - Cutaneous reactions to some of the antibiotic drugs in medicine.

PMID- 18148117
TI  - Intracapsular cataract; extraction by suction.

PMID- 18148118
TI  - Limitations and merits of a single serum sample analysis in the differential
      diagnosis of jaundice.

PMID- 18148119
TI  - Intestinal parasitism in American troops in Germany; relation to transmission of
      viral hepatitis.

PMID- 18148120
TI  - A method for determining alpha-amylase activity.

PMID- 18148121
TI  - Establishment of cytological diagnosis in laboratory of small hospital.

PMID- 18148122
TI  - Leukemia in the Negro.

PMID- 18148123
TI  - The treatment of herpes zoster.

PMID- 18148124
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148125
TI  - One stage trans-thoracic operation for carcinoma of lower esophagus and cardiac
      end of stomach.

PMID- 18148126
TI  - Adie's syndrome; the myotonic pupil.

PMID- 18148127
TI  - Trends in the treatment of syphilis.

PMID- 18148128
TI  - Effect of pentamethonium iodide on the peripheral circulation.

PMID- 18148129
TI  - Simple oesophageal cast.

PMID- 18148130
TI  - Perforated jejunal diverticulitis.

PMID- 18148131
TI  - MEDICAL libraries in hospitals.

PMID- 18148132
TI  - Mercury poisoning from fingerprint photography; an occupational hazard of
      policemen.

PMID- 18148133
TI  - Perforation of intestine by fishbone.

PMID- 18148134
TI  - WHOOPING-cough prophylaxis.

PMID- 18148135
TI  - Purification of vaccine lymph.

PMID- 18148136
TI  - Reorganization of the health services in the British Zone of Germany.

PMID- 18148137
TI  - [Uroroseine in the urine in healthy persons and in persons with hypertension,
      cholelithiasis and nephrolitiasis].

PMID- 18148138
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148139
TI  - Primary extramedullary plasmocytoma of the stomach; report of a case.

PMID- 18148140
TI  - A thyroid clinic.

PMID- 18148141
TI  - The management of auricular flutter.

PMID- 18148142
TI  - Physical medicine in the treatment of degenerative joint disease.

PMID- 18148143
TI  - Neurocirculatory asthenia; anxiety neurosis, neurasthenia, effort syndrome,
      cardiac neurosis.

PMID- 18148144
TI  - The treatment of pernicious anemia.

PMID- 18148146
TI  - Rehabilitation of the disabled in Australia.

PMID- 18148145
TI  - The management of diabetes mellitus during acute complications and surgery.

PMID- 18148147
TI  - Routine treatment of compound fractures.

PMID- 18148148
TI  - Pregnancy and intestinal obstruction; a dangerous combination.

PMID- 18148149
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148150
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148151
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148152
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148153
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148154
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148155
TI  - Paroxysmal haemoglobinuria with a report on three cases.

PMID- 18148156
TI  - INFERTILITY and fertility.

PMID- 18148157
TI  - Thyroid disease and the climacterium.

PMID- 18148158
TI  - Chronic disease and an aging population.

PMID- 18148159
TI  - The resurrectionists and the medical profession; the traffic in Scotland.

PMID- 18148160
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148161
TI  - Comparative study of formula processing for obstetric nurseries.

PMID- 18148162
TI  - Potential dangers in the uncontrolled use of shoe-fitting fluoroscopes.

PMID- 18148163
TI  - Neuroblastoma, metastatic, of rib.

PMID- 18148164
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148165
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148166
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148167
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148168
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148169
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148170
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148171
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148172
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148173
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148174
TI  - Inoperability versus incurability in tumor management.

PMID- 18148175
TI  - Nonmagnetic intra-ocular foreign bodies; report of a case.

PMID- 18148176
TI  - Gastric cancer; diagnosis, course, and prognosis.

PMID- 18148177
TI  - The treatment of bladder neck obstruction; evaluation of methods in use.

PMID- 18148178
TI  - International cooperation in world medicine; its relation to the welfare of
      cripples.

PMID- 18148179
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148180
TI  - Influence of level of adrenal cortical steroids on sensitivity of mice to X
      irradiation.

PMID- 18148181
TI  - Effects of pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone in children with non-Addisonian
      hypoglycemia.

PMID- 18148182
TI  - Inhibition by cyanide of serum alkaline phosphatase in normal man, obstructive
      jaundice and skeletal disorders.

PMID- 18148183
TI  - Vasomotor reactions in the mesenteric and serosal capillary bed during fright and
      violent muscular activity.

PMID- 18148184
TI  - Effect of amino acids and sodium bicarbonate on the level of glutamine in blood.

PMID- 18148185
TI  - An immunologic comparison of 12 strains of Cryptococcus neoformans (Torula
      histolytica).

PMID- 18148186
TI  - Effect of adrenalectomy on eosinophil response of rats infected with Trichinella
      spiralis.

PMID- 18148187
TI  - Studies of experimental pulmonary edema; pulmonary edema from 1-epinephrine and 1
      nor-epinephrine.

PMID- 18148188
TI  - Persistence of desoxycorticosterone-induced hypertension in the nephrectomized
      rat.

PMID- 18148189
TI  - Absorption of subtilin in the rabbit.

PMID- 18148190
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148191
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148192
TI  - [Guidance for the treatment of acute appendicitis].

PMID- 18148193
TI  - Tick-bite fever; report of a case treated with aureomycin.

PMID- 18148194
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148196
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148195
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148197
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148198
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148200
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148199
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148201
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148202
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148203
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148204
TI  - Chronic histoplasmosis; a common cause of pulmonary calcification; report of a
      case with superimposed acute penumonitis.

PMID- 18148205
TI  - A case of Meigs' syndrome.

PMID- 18148206
TI  - The surgical treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 18148207
TI  - Present trends in teaching aids in medical schools.

PMID- 18148208
TI  - Kaposi's vericelliform eruption; case report and virus studies.

PMID- 18148209
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148210
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148211
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148212
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148214
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148213
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148215
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148216
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148217
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148218
TI  - [Cholangitis].

PMID- 18148219
TI  - Rickettsial diseases of probable interest in Virginia.

PMID- 18148220
TI  - Shall we lose our heritage?

PMID- 18148221
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148222
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148223
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148224
TI  - What the practitioner may expect of the laboratory.

PMID- 18148225
TI  - A review of some of Wisconsin's maternal and child health problems.

PMID- 18148227
TI  - Medical social work course for Red Cross staff.

PMID- 18148226
TI  - Sarcoidosis; a review of 20 cases.

PMID- 18148228
TI  - The pathogenic process in schizophrenia.

PMID- 18148230
TI  - Natural childbirth.

PMID- 18148229
TI  - The psychoses and the socio-psychiatric concept of personality.

PMID- 18148231
TI  - Treatment of congestive heart failure.

PMID- 18148232
TI  - Cardiovascular disease in later life.

PMID- 18148233
TI  - Experimental investigation of vertical fusional movements.

PMID- 18148234
TI  - Aureomycin; its use in chronic and acute infections; preliminary report.

PMID- 18148235
TI  - The common cold; suggested causes and treatment.

PMID- 18148236
TI  - Promoting eye safety.

PMID- 18148237
TI  - Reading difficulties and eye defects.

PMID- 18148238
TI  - Isoallergic encephalomyelitis produced in guinea pigs; via intramuscular and
      intraperitoneal injection of antigen.

PMID- 18148239
TI  - A practical device for demonstrating air embolism.

PMID- 18148240
TI  - Chorioretinopathy associated with other evidence of cerebral damage in childhood;
      a syndrome of unknown etiology separable from congenital toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 18148241
TI  - Wilms' tumor in a newborn infant; report of a case with autopsy studies.

PMID- 18148242
TI  - Clinical concepts of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18148243
TI  - Dynamics of circulation in infantile malnutrition.

PMID- 18148244
TI  - Pulmonary tuberculosis in children treated with streptomycin.

PMID- 18148245
TI  - The ganglionic blocking action of thiophanium derivatives.

PMID- 18148247
TI  - A bottle-filling unit.

PMID- 18148246
TI  - Streptomycin; clearance and binding to protein.

PMID- 18148248
TI  - Visual resolution with periodically interrupted light.

PMID- 18148249
TI  - Ability patterns under distributed practice.

PMID- 18148250
TI  - The effect of a fixated figure on autokinetic movement.

PMID- 18148251
TI  - What does public health nursing cost?

PMID- 18148252
TI  - Needs and future prospects for integrating marriage and divorce data with other
      vital statistics.

PMID- 18148253
TI  - The New York State home accident prevention program.

PMID- 18148254
TI  - WORLD Health Organization tuberculosis program for 1950.

PMID- 18148255
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148256
TI  - A cassette changer for angiocardiography.

PMID- 18148258
TI  - A method for measuring children's hearts.

PMID- 18148257
TI  - Cholangiography.

PMID- 18148259
TI  - Calcification in sympathoblastoma (neuroblastoma).

PMID- 18148260
TI  - Venous intravasation during myelography.

PMID- 18148261
TI  - Amputations, limb fitting and artificial limbs.

PMID- 18148262
TI  - Malignant melanoma; 40 cases treated by radical resection.

PMID- 18148263
TI  - An experimental evaluation of certain methods of suturing the thoracic aorta.

PMID- 18148265
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148266
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148267
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148268
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148269
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148270
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148271
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148272
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148273
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148274
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148276
TI  - Gynecologic mortality lessons.

PMID- 18148275
TI  - [Hypertension and nephrectomy].

PMID- 18148277
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148279
TI  - [Biochemical changes in patients with relapsing fever in connection with course
      of the disease].

PMID- 18148278
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148280
TI  - [Problems in education and preparation of phthisiologists].

PMID- 18148281
TI  - Weight changes and sex incidence of tuberculosis.

PMID- 18148282
TI  - Domiciliary collapse treatment.

PMID- 18148283
TI  - Retrocaval ureter; a case diagnosed pre-operatively and treated successfully by a
      plastic operation.

PMID- 18148284
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the male urethra.

PMID- 18148285
TI  - Management of anuria.

PMID- 18148286
TI  - Trocar nephrostomy.

PMID- 18148287
TI  - Wilms' tumor; a review of 5 year survivals in the literature and report of two
      cases.

PMID- 18148288
TI  - The status of irrigating fluids for transurethral resection; our experience and a
      survey of the use of various solutions by others.

PMID- 18148289
TI  - Total prostatovesiculectomy; retropubic approach.

PMID- 18148290
TI  - The medical management of premature ejaculation.

PMID- 18148291
TI  - A completely rotatable resectoscope.

PMID- 18148292
TI  - A new device for inflating and deflating catheter bags.

PMID- 18148293
TI  - The validity of withholding treatment in the presence of Dattner-Thomas formula
      in the spinal fluid.

PMID- 18148294
TI  - The pulse during anaesthesia with pentothal and curare.

PMID- 18148295
TI  - The calibration of a Boyle's apparatus.

PMID- 18148296
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148297
TI  - [Evolution of the birth canal and the mechanism of birth in primates].

PMID- 18148298
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148300
TI  - Position of precordial leads; an anatomical study.

PMID- 18148299
TI  - Idiopathic infantile hyperplastic and hypertrophic cardiomegaly (congenital
      cardiac hypertrophy).

PMID- 18148301
TI  - The Q-T interval in acute rheumatic carditis.

PMID- 18148302
TI  - Thoracoscopy as an aid to diagnosis in congenital heart disease.

PMID- 18148303
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148304
TI  - Accuracy and precision of Richards' method for the calibration of weights.

PMID- 18148305
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148306
TI  - The effect of antihistaminics on histamine whealing and on dermographism;
      elucidated by comparative electrophoretical experiments.

PMID- 18148307
TI  - Essential hirsutism; dermatologic and endocrinologic considerations.

PMID- 18148308
TI  - Lipomelanotic reticulosis of lymph nodes in a case lichen planus.

PMID- 18148309
TI  - Multiple squamous cell carcinoma of the skin associated with chronic lymphatic
      leukemia; observations on the effect of urethane therapy.

PMID- 18148310
TI  - Molluscum contagiosum of the scalp; report of two cases.

PMID- 18148311
TI  - Lipotropic agents in the treatment of liver dysfunction of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18148312
TI  - Growth hormone and blood sugar level.

PMID- 18148313
TI  - The necessity of testis and thyroid hormones for the maintenance of the serous
      tubules of the submaxillary gland in the male rat.

PMID- 18148314
TI  - The diabetogenic effect of dehydroascorbic acid.

PMID- 18148315
TI  - Decrease of the spreading action of hyaluronidase in pancreoprive diabetes.

PMID- 18148316
TI  - Legal pitfalls to avoid in criminal interrogations.

PMID- 18148317
TI  - Synthesis of a substance containing the chelerythrine-sanguinarine skeleton (C,
      N, O).

PMID- 18148318
TI  - Decay of palladium-109.

PMID- 18148319
TI  - Salt linkages in proteins.

PMID- 18148320
TI  - Different kinds of acid phosphatases in various cytological structures of the
      anterior pituitary of the guinea pig.

PMID- 18148321
TI  - The amylolytic enzymes of soya bean.

PMID- 18148322
TI  - A tachometer.

PMID- 18148324
TI  - Tuberculosis.

PMID- 18148323
TI  - Direct experimental comparison of several surface temperature measuring devices.

PMID- 18148325
TI  - Phenocopies.

PMID- 18148326
TI  - A cytological survey of wild populations of Trimerotropis and Circotettix
      (Orthoptera, Acrididae) the chromosome of 12 species.

PMID- 18148328
TI  - Dexedrine and weight control in pregnancy.

PMID- 18148329
TI  - Diffuse adenosis; a rare invasive lesion of the uterus.

PMID- 18148330
TI  - A basic analysis of the obstetric pelvis by roentgen study.

PMID- 18148331
TI  - End results in the surgical treatment of ovarian cancer.

PMID- 18148332
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148333
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148334
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148335
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148336
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148337
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148338
TI  - Synthetic detergents in the hospital laundry.

PMID- 18148339
TI  - Nutrition course for employees' wives.

PMID- 18148340
TI  - Measures to prevent complications of phlebothrombosis by early diagnosis.

PMID- 18148341
TI  - Taking the brrr out of beryllium.

PMID- 18148342
TI  - A challenge to the medical profession.

PMID- 18148343
TI  - Co-existent Hodgkin's disease and Kaposi's sarcoma; report of a case with unusual
      clinical features.

PMID- 18148344
TI  - Congenital polycystic disease of the kidney; review of the literature and data on
      207 cases.

PMID- 18148346
TI  - Tricuspid stenosis; a simple diagnostic sign.

PMID- 18148345
TI  - The medicated external auditory canal.

PMID- 18148347
TI  - Aureomycin in the treatment of tularemia.

PMID- 18148348
TI  - Aureomycin in the treatment of infectious diseases.

PMID- 18148349
TI  - Aspirin poisoning.

PMID- 18148350
TI  - Iontophoresis in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease.

PMID- 18148351
TI  - Volvulus of the entire small intestine.

PMID- 18148352
TI  - Serological classification of viridans streptococci from subacute bacterial
      endocarditis, teeth, and throats.

PMID- 18148353
TI  - The rhesus factor Du; a note on its practical importance.

PMID- 18148354
TI  - An epidemic of puerperal mastitis; associated with nasopharyngeal and skin
      infection in the newborn.

PMID- 18148355
TI  - Traumatic chylothorax.

PMID- 18148356
TI  - Relationship between government medical services and the Canadian medical
      profession.

PMID- 18148357
TI  - Reconstruction of digits of deformed hands.

PMID- 18148358
TI  - Pseudocyst of the pancreas.

PMID- 18148359
TI  - [Polyradiculoneuritis of an allergic origin].

PMID- 18148360
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148361
TI  - [Ischemic electromyography].

PMID- 18148362
TI  - [Nervous complications of varicelle].

PMID- 18148363
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148364
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148365
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148366
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148367
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148368
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148369
TI  - Modified protamine insulin (NPH-50) a clinical report.

PMID- 18148370
TI  - Physical medicine in peripheral vascular diseases.

PMID- 18148371
TI  - Lye burns of the esophagus.

PMID- 18148372
TI  - An appraisal of therapeutic procedures in bronchial asthma.

PMID- 18148373
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148374
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148375
TI  - Radium in postnasal lymphoid hyperplasia and infections.

PMID- 18148376
TI  - Tensile strength of sutures; the B.P.C. method of test.

PMID- 18148377
TI  - Incidence of penicillin-resistant and streptomycin-resistant staphylococci in a
      hospital.

PMID- 18148378
TI  - Effect of noradrenaline on the human circulation.

PMID- 18148380
TI  - Acute arterial spasm complicating accidental haemorrhage in late pregnancy.

PMID- 18148379
TI  - Curare with general anaesthesia for forceps delivery.

PMID- 18148381
TI  - The unemployed disabled man.

PMID- 18148382
TI  - The first medical examination; its role in selection of students.

PMID- 18148383
TI  - Tuberculosis; the control of an infectious disease.

PMID- 18148385
TI  - [A foreign body in the parapharyngeal space].

PMID- 18148384
TI  - Experimental typhoid infection treated with chloromycetin and sulphadiazine.

PMID- 18148387
TI  - A review of the uses of radioactive iodine, with a note on preliminary work in
      Melbourne.

PMID- 18148386
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148388
TI  - The results of operative treatment of intervertebral disk protrusion; a follow-up
      report of 108 cases.

PMID- 18148389
TI  - Psychiatric approach to crime.

PMID- 18148390
TI  - Modern hearing aid design.

PMID- 18148391
TI  - Retrolental fibroplasia.

PMID- 18148392
TI  - Stevens-Johnson disease.

PMID- 18148393
TI  - Congenital short esophagus with thoracic stomach simulating heart disease.

PMID- 18148394
TI  - The increasing incidence of cesarean section.

PMID- 18148395
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148396
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148397
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148398
TI  - Management of diseases of the thorax; surgical aspects.

PMID- 18148399
TI  - Carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 18148401
TI  - Resuscitation.

PMID- 18148400
TI  - Pseudomyxoma peritonei associated with cholesterosis.

PMID- 18148402
TI  - Portal cirrhosis of liver, alcoholic type.

PMID- 18148403
TI  - The relation of cavity to the development of streptomycin-resistant tubercle
      bacilli in pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18148404
TI  - Abdominal abscess.

PMID- 18148405
TI  - Principles of emergency splinting, traction and immobilization of fractures.

PMID- 18148407
TI  - Post-traumatic painful disabling syndromes with associated vasomotor imbalance.

PMID- 18148406
TI  - An evaluation of the use of various insulin preparations in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18148409
TI  - The convulsive reaction pattern.

PMID- 18148408
TI  - Uses and abuses of penicillin.

PMID- 18148410
TI  - Endometriosis of the sigmoid.

PMID- 18148411
TI  - Cerebral apoplexy; mechanism and differential diagnosis.

PMID- 18148412
TI  - Sympathectomy in the treatment of certain vascular lesions with report on its use
      in the post-thrombotic syndrome.

PMID- 18148413
TI  - Neuropsychiatric diagnosis.

PMID- 18148414
TI  - Chronic brucellosis complicated by severe pancytopenia.

PMID- 18148415
TI  - Uterine tamponade with oxidized gauze in a case of total separation of the
      placenta with concealed hemorrhage.

PMID- 18148416
TI  - Socio-medical trends in the United States.

PMID- 18148418
TI  - Menstrual variations in the adolescent.

PMID- 18148417
TI  - Endocrine problems of adolescence.

PMID- 18148419
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148420
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148422
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148421
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148423
TI  - Surgical treatment of low back pain; an end result of 82 cases.

PMID- 18148424
TI  - The tin can nasal splint.

PMID- 18148425
TI  - Need for hospitals to tie in with rehabilitation services in their work with the
      physically handicapped.

PMID- 18148426
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148427
TI  - Penicillin in ophthalmology.

PMID- 18148428
TI  - Ophthalmic emergencies.

PMID- 18148429
TI  - High heels and low heels.

PMID- 18148430
TI  - The natural cure of an acute intussusception; an unusual case history.

PMID- 18148431
TI  - Constipation in infancy and childhood.

PMID- 18148432
TI  - Cardiospasm.

PMID- 18148433
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148434
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148435
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148436
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148437
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148438
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148439
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148440
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148441
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148443
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148442
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148444
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148445
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148447
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148446
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148448
TI  - Pulmonary hydatid disease; the sign of the camalote.

PMID- 18148449
TI  - Chromoblastomycosis.

PMID- 18148450
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148451
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148452
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148453
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148454
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148455
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148456
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148457
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148458
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148459
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148460
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148461
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148462
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148463
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148464
TI  - Prolapse of gastric mucosa through the pylorus; presentation of a case with
      severe hemorrhage.

PMID- 18148465
TI  - Emergency treatment of chest wounds.

PMID- 18148466
TI  - Evaluation of lumbar sympathectomy.

PMID- 18148467
TI  - The use of whole blood, blood plasma, blood derivatives, and blood substitutes.

PMID- 18148468
TI  - Two years' experience with student clerkships in a Veterans Administration
      hospital.

PMID- 18148469
TI  - Retropubic prostatectomy.

PMID- 18148470
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148471
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148472
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148473
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148474
TI  - The treatment of malignant melanoma.

PMID- 18148475
TI  - A method of treatment of massive gastro-intestinal hemorrhage which appears
      uncontrollable.

PMID- 18148476
TI  - Present trends in psychiatric therapy.

PMID- 18148477
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148478
TI  - End results of treatment of compound fractures of the tibia.

PMID- 18148479
TI  - Stevens-Johnson syndrome, with case report.

PMID- 18148480
TI  - Experiences with pulmonary resection in the treatment of tuberculosis.

PMID- 18148481
TI  - Venographic studies in the post-phlebitic limb.

PMID- 18148482
TI  - Institutional service units movement.

PMID- 18148483
TI  - Facilities in private mental institutions in the United States and territories.

PMID- 18148484
TI  - The relationship between highest mental capacity and psychic abnormalities.

PMID- 18148485
TI  - Intracranial ceruminous adenoma.

PMID- 18148486
TI  - Full thickness autogenous nerve graft; report of a case.

PMID- 18148487
TI  - Ocular allergy; allergic phenomena affecting the eye and its adnexa.

PMID- 18148488
TI  - Cephalocele of posterior part of orbit; general survey, with report of a case.

PMID- 18148489
TI  - Follow-up studies in five cases of intraocular nonmagnetic foreign bodies.

PMID- 18148491
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148490
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148492
TI  - Encephalitis and involvement of basal nuclei in poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18148493
TI  - Infections of the newborn.

PMID- 18148494
TI  - The pharmacology of the methyl and benzyl esters of gamma-crotonic betaine (gamma
      carboxyallyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride).

PMID- 18148495
TI  - Formation of adrenaline from noradrenaline in the perfused suprarenal gland.

PMID- 18148496
TI  - The presence of acetylcholine in Trypanosoma rhodesiense and its absence from
      Plasmodium gallinaceum.

PMID- 18148497
TI  - Some colour reactions for rutin.

PMID- 18148498
TI  - The growth-experience and the growth centered attitude.

PMID- 18148499
TI  - Technique and explanatory concepts of short-term group psychotherapy.

PMID- 18148500
TI  - A study of reactions to frustration in 236 college students and in 207 inmates of
      state prisons.

PMID- 18148501
TI  - Need as a determinant of perception.

PMID- 18148502
TI  - Factors in the elimination of the immature stages of Anopheles quadrimaculatus
      Say in a water level fluctuation cycle.

PMID- 18148503
TI  - Hospitalization of cases of communicable diseases together with certain
      considerations of the isolation techniques and nursing procedures used.

PMID- 18148504
TI  - Bacterial contamination of tomatoes grown in polluted soil.

PMID- 18148505
TI  - Public health research.

PMID- 18148506
TI  - Health visitors.

PMID- 18148507
TI  - The health visitors' relationship with other official and voluntary workers.

PMID- 18148508
TI  - The application of a basic survey to the work of a local authority.

PMID- 18148510
TI  - Supervision of milk production.

PMID- 18148509
TI  - Housing; retrospect and prospect.

PMID- 18148511
TI  - Crawley new town.

PMID- 18148512
TI  - Modern concepts in malaria control.

PMID- 18148514
TI  - Heating research for houses.

PMID- 18148513
TI  - Rehabilitation and resettlement of the disabled in industry.

PMID- 18148515
TI  - Spontaneous infection of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus with
      Coxiella burnetii.

PMID- 18148516
TI  - TUBERCULOSIS mortality relationships: age, race, and sex, 1947.

PMID- 18148517
TI  - Effect of certain physical and chemical agents on the bacteria and protozoa of
      activated sludge.

PMID- 18148518
TI  - The treatment and results in cancer of the breast at the Presbyterian Hospital,
      New York.

PMID- 18148519
TI  - Automatic roentgen-ray roll-film magazine for angiocardiography and cerebral
      arteriography.

PMID- 18148520
TI  - Bone metastasis in malignant melanoma.

PMID- 18148521
TI  - Evaluation of planigrams in pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18148522
TI  - Surgery for the prevention of pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 18148523
TI  - Primary resection and aseptic anastomosis for lesions of the colon.

PMID- 18148524
TI  - Geriatric anesthesia.

PMID- 18148525
TI  - Perforated gastroduodenal ulcer.

PMID- 18148526
TI  - Preoperative biochemical evaluation of the surgical patient.

PMID- 18148527
TI  - Absorbable starch glove powder.

PMID- 18148528
TI  - Constant pressure scalp dressing.

PMID- 18148529
TI  - Carcinoma of the colon in children.

PMID- 18148530
TI  - From papyri to manuscripts.

PMID- 18148531
TI  - Intravenous administration of procaine hydrochloride for painful prolapsed
      hemorrhoids.

PMID- 18148532
TI  - Use of skin grafts in repair of cleft palate to improve speech.

PMID- 18148533
TI  - Drill perforation, a simplified method for ventricular puncture.

PMID- 18148534
TI  - Granulomas of the ileocecal region secondary to appendicitis (ligneous cecitis)
      which simulate neoplasms.

PMID- 18148535
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148536
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148537
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148538
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148539
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148540
TI  - The riddle of peripheral arterial embolism.

PMID- 18148541
TI  - Radium treatment of prostatic hypertrophy.

PMID- 18148542
TI  - Transplantation of renal calyces in man; technic and results.

PMID- 18148543
TI  - Results of transplantation of the ureter into the intestine.

PMID- 18148544
TI  - Prostatic hypertrophy.

PMID- 18148545
TI  - Megacolic artificial anus in pathologic segment, Hirschsprung's disease.

PMID- 18148546
TI  - Neoplastic disease of the neck of the bladder in women.

PMID- 18148547
TI  - Surgical construction of retrovesical fistula; a new technic; report of three
      cases.

PMID- 18148548
TI  - Relief of pain by section of the spinothalamic tract at the level of the olivary
      nucleus.

PMID- 18148550
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 18148549
TI  - Experiences with spool cotton suture material.

PMID- 18148551
TI  - Acute obstruction of the small bowel.

PMID- 18148552
TI  - Pain; its physiology and control.

PMID- 18148553
TI  - Severe tetany with laryngospasm and prolonged coma following thyroidectomy;
      report of a case.

PMID- 18148554
TI  - An historical review of the development of cesarean section.

PMID- 18148555
TI  - Avulsion fracture with nonunion of the anterior tibial spine treated by fixation
      with beef-bone screw; report of a case.

PMID- 18148556
TI  - The mastoid incision; endaural or postauricular?

PMID- 18148557
TI  - Reactions to transfusion during operation.

PMID- 18148558
TI  - False diverticula of the appendix; a sequel of previous inflammation and rupture
      of the appendix; a clinical and pathologic study.

PMID- 18148560
TI  - Recent advances in the surgical treatment of intraoral cancer.

PMID- 18148559
TI  - Multiple primary tumors of the spinal cord; report of case.

PMID- 18148561
TI  - Acute intestinal obstruction.

PMID- 18148562
TI  - The repair of groin hernias; progress in the past decade.

PMID- 18148563
TI  - Advances in management of prostatic disease.

PMID- 18148564
TI  - Some modern general anesthesia technics.

PMID- 18148565
TI  - A method for controlling urinary incontinence; experimental observations.

PMID- 18148566
TI  - Operative management of carcinoma of the colon; is proximal drainage of the
      unobstructed colon necessary?

PMID- 18148567
TI  - Traumatic iliac hernia with extensive soft tissue loss.

PMID- 18148568
TI  - Local reaction to oxidized cellulose and gelatin hemostatic agents in
      experimentally contaminated renal wounds.

PMID- 18148569
TI  - Hormone preparations in the treatment of 282 Mann-Williamson dogs.

PMID- 18148570
TI  - The ligament of Treitz as a barrier to intestinal intubation; a clinical and
      anatomic study.

PMID- 18148571
TI  - Intestinal lipodystrophy or Whipple's disease.

PMID- 18148572
TI  - Simultaneous tubal abortion and intrauterine pregnancy.

PMID- 18148573
TI  - Ankylosing spondylitis; measurement of hip and spine movements.

PMID- 18148574
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148575
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148576
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148577
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148578
TI  - Schistosomiasis.

PMID- 18148579
TI  - The first field tests of recorded mosquito sounds used for mosquito destruction.

PMID- 18148580
TI  - An epidemic of malaria in the Kenya highlands transmitted by Anopheles funestus.

PMID- 18148581
TI  - The evaluation of antituberculous agents with avian tuberculosis in chicks; a
      comparison of dihydrostreptomycin and streptomycin.

PMID- 18148582
TI  - The effect of ammonium ions and aliphatic amines on the ability of virulent
      mycobacteria to bind neutral red.

PMID- 18148583
TI  - Disposition and follow-up of pulmonary tuberculosis; a study based on the
      character and extent of the lesion seen on the initial roentgenogram.

PMID- 18148584
TI  - A slide catalogue and file system for the urologist.

PMID- 18148585
TI  - Articular manifestations of lymphogranuloma venereum.

PMID- 18148586
TI  - Diverticula of the female urethra; report of 20 cases.

PMID- 18148587
TI  - Primary carcinoma in bladder diverticulum; case report.

PMID- 18148588
TI  - Testicular tumor and the status of radiation therapy.

PMID- 18148589
TI  - Some less common manipulations for the removal of urethral calculi.

PMID- 18148590
TI  - Far advanced urological disease in the presence of a normal urine.

PMID- 18148591
TI  - Neurofibromatosis of urinary bladder.

PMID- 18148593
TI  - Some aspects of congenital syphilis.

PMID- 18148592
TI  - Electrosurgery in dermatology.

PMID- 18148594
TI  - False positive serological reactions for syphilis in leprosy.

PMID- 18148595
TI  - Penicillin in the abortive treatment of syphilis.

PMID- 18148596
TI  - Inhalant allergy; the whealing response of the skin to serial dilution testing.

PMID- 18148597
TI  - The use of bacitracin, a new antibiotic, in aerosol form; preliminary
      observations.

PMID- 18148598
TI  - Sensitivity to kelcoloid; preliminary study.

PMID- 18148599
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148600
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148602
TI  - Statistical models bearing on the sematics of correlation; the umpire bonus
      model.

PMID- 18148601
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148603
TI  - The role of epithelial components in the developmental origin of the wingless
      syndrome of chick embryos.

PMID- 18148604
TI  - Further studies of the immunological properties of polysaccharides from Serratia
      marcescens; passive immunization against the lethal activity of the
      polysaccharides with fractions of mouse antiserum elicted by a single injection
      of polysaccharide.

PMID- 18148605
TI  - Effect of insulin and adenosinetriphosphatase on a reaction coupling oxidation
      with phosphorylation.

PMID- 18148611
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148608
TI  - Vitamin P.

PMID- 18148612
TI  - The dentist's role in cranioplasty; a case report.

PMID- 18148613
TI  - A study of the effectiveness of xylocaine as a local anesthetic agent in
      dentistry.

PMID- 18148614
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148615
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148616
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148617
TI  - Pityriasis versicolor with subsequent leucodermic patches.

PMID- 18148618
TI  - The dietary management of chronic amebiasis.

PMID- 18148619
TI  - Goiterous chicks from iodine-injected eggs.

PMID- 18148620
TI  - The pituitary-adrenal system.

PMID- 18148621
TI  - The cytology and cytochemistry of the adrenal cortex.

PMID- 18148623
TI  - Cushing's disease; a primary disorder of the adrenal cortices?

PMID- 18148622
TI  - Adrenal cortex function in stress.

PMID- 18148624
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148625
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148626
TI  - Gestation in the oriental vampires.

PMID- 18148627
TI  - The ionosphere and the propagation of radio waves.

PMID- 18148628
TI  - Absorption spectra, molecular weights and visual purple.

PMID- 18148629
TI  - Reversibility of oxygen poisoning in oxide-cathode valves.

PMID- 18148630
TI  - Germination of zygospores in chlamydomonas.

PMID- 18148631
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148632
TI  - Operational research in German agriculture.

PMID- 18148633
TI  - Formation of cyclic compounds in polymerization of methylesters of fatty acids
      from linseed oil and other drying oils.

PMID- 18148634
TI  - Trends of employment in relation to the problem of the ageing.

PMID- 18148635
TI  - Medical care of the aged.

PMID- 18148636
TI  - European gerontologic activities.

PMID- 18148637
TI  - Occipital cephalocele; three cases.

PMID- 18148638
TI  - Protracted labour.

PMID- 18148639
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148640
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148641
TI  - Lovset's method of delivering the arms in breech presentation.

PMID- 18148642
TI  - Some aspects of erosion in pregnant women.

PMID- 18148644
TI  - Roentgen examination of the operatively exposed uterus.

PMID- 18148645
TI  - Sarcoma of the uterus.

PMID- 18148643
TI  - Investigations on the conditions of the red blood cells after hemorrhages during
      childbirth with special reference to the use of Enghoff's new hematocrit.

PMID- 18148646
TI  - Placenta accreta; report of a case.

PMID- 18148647
TI  - Prolonged labour.

PMID- 18148648
TI  - The treatment of abortions, with special reference to the value of sulfonamide in
      febrile cases.

PMID- 18148649
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148650
TI  - Carbon monoxide-hemoglobin levels of workers employed in airplane engine repair
      shops.

PMID- 18148651
TI  - Dermatological injuries by ethylene oxide.

PMID- 18148652
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148653
TI  - Subparietal rupture of the stomach.

PMID- 18148654
TI  - Decrease of renninogenuria in pernicious anemia and its diagnostic value in liver
      treated patients.

PMID- 18148655
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148656
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148657
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148658
TI  - Myocardial infarction; observations on 100 patients who survived up to 6 years.

PMID- 18148659
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148660
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148661
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148662
TI  - Solitary cerebral metastases from bronchial carcinomata: their incidence and a
      case of successful removal.

PMID- 18148663
TI  - A case of pulmonary strongyloidiasis.

PMID- 18148664
TI  - Congenital pyloric stenosis in binovular twins.

PMID- 18148665
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148666
TI  - Treatment of repeated embolism in mitral stenosis by long term administration of
      dicumarol.

PMID- 18148667
TI  - Some of the less common endocrine disorders.

PMID- 18148668
TI  - Malignant synovioma; report of two cases.

PMID- 18148669
TI  - Congenital pyloric stenosis; report of a case.

PMID- 18148670
TI  - A toxicological study of Antiaris toxicaria (Nu chien tzu).

PMID- 18148671
TI  - BCG vaccination; 11 years of experience.

PMID- 18148672
TI  - Biliary ascariasis; a report of four cases.

PMID- 18148673
TI  - Anomaly of the ureter; report of an unusual case.

PMID- 18148674
TI  - Antibodies and protein nutrition.

PMID- 18148675
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148676
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148678
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148677
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148679
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148680
TI  - A 17. century case of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18148681
TI  - Treatment of acute rheumatic fever and prevention of recurrences.

PMID- 18148682
TI  - Metatarsus adductovarus: skewfoot.

PMID- 18148683
TI  - Intramedullary nailing.

PMID- 18148684
TI  - The bacteriology and pathology of cholera.

PMID- 18148685
TI  - Saddle block anesthesia in obstetrics.

PMID- 18148686
TI  - Sudden death from aneurysm.

PMID- 18148687
TI  - The emotional aspects of physical disease.

PMID- 18148688
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148689
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148690
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148691
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148692
TI  - Amyotonia congenita; a report of three cases with a review of the literature.

PMID- 18148693
TI  - Cleft lip in adults and infants.

PMID- 18148694
TI  - Mycologic technique in medical practice.

PMID- 18148695
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148696
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148697
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148698
TI  - The eosinophil leucocyte, eosinophilia, and allergy; a hypothesis.

PMID- 18148699
TI  - Food and population.

PMID- 18148700
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148701
TI  - [Operative treatment of Meniere's disease].

PMID- 18148702
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148704
TI  - [The Galli-Mainini test with Bufo marinus and its use in the clinic in
      combination with the Frank test].

PMID- 18148705
TI  - [The recovery room for newly operated].

PMID- 18148707
TI  - Teaching of anaesthesia in Victoria.

PMID- 18148706
TI  - The present position of cyclopropane.

PMID- 18148708
TI  - The surgeon-anaesthetist relationship.

PMID- 18148709
TI  - Relaxing agents in anaesthesia.

PMID- 18148710
TI  - Industrial dermatitis.

PMID- 18148711
TI  - Tumours of the orbit.

PMID- 18148712
TI  - Electronarcosis.

PMID- 18148714
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148713
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148715
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148716
TI  - Medullary pin fixation of fractures near joints.

PMID- 18148717
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148718
TI  - Procaine penicillin G for aqueous injection; a study of blood and urine levels.

PMID- 18148719
TI  - Bronchial stenosis (middle lobe, lateral division) produced by calcified
      tuberculous lymph nodes.

PMID- 18148720
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148721
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148722
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148724
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148723
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148726
TI  - [Acute actinomycosis].

PMID- 18148725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148727
TI  - The story of catgut.

PMID- 18148728
TI  - Syphilitic linitis plastica.

PMID- 18148729
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148730
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148731
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148732
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148733
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148734
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148735
TI  - Congenital pseudo-arthrosis of the tibia; the findings in one case and a
      suggestion as to possible etiology and treatment.

PMID- 18148736
TI  - The morphogenesis of the systems of juxta-aortic tissues in human embryos.

PMID- 18148737
TI  - The development of the otic capsule in the region of surgical fenestration.

PMID- 18148738
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148741
TI  - A case of spontaneous rupture of the aortic valve.

PMID- 18148742
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148743
TI  - Colles' fracture with report of end results in 56 cases.

PMID- 18148744
TI  - Painful clicking wrists associated with os centrale.

PMID- 18148745
TI  - Epithelioma of the angle of the mouth.

PMID- 18148746
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148747
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148748
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148749
TI  - [Rational management of labour].

PMID- 18148751
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148750
TI  - [Modification of rectal temperature in amenorrhea].

PMID- 18148752
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148753
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148754
TI  - Psychosomatic therapy in general practice.

PMID- 18148755
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of rehabilitation.

PMID- 18148756
TI  - Coccidioidomycosis; report of a case with unusual complications.

PMID- 18148757
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148758
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148759
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148761
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148760
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148762
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148763
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148764
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148765
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148766
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148767
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148768
TI  - Two important naval contributions to the practice of vascular surgery.

PMID- 18148769
TI  - Some reminiscences of a hospital ship.

PMID- 18148770
TI  - The new Royal Naval Hospital, Hong Kong.

PMID- 18148771
TI  - Carbon-tetrachloride poisoning.

PMID- 18148772
TI  - Nephritides.

PMID- 18148773
TI  - Rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18148774
TI  - Oxyuris vermicularis and Ascaris lumbricoides.

PMID- 18148775
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148777
TI  - Hindquarter amputation.

PMID- 18148776
TI  - Fractures of the dorso-lumbar spine.

PMID- 18148778
TI  - Pulsating angio-endothelioma of the innominate bone treated by hindquarter
      amputation.

PMID- 18148779
TI  - Excision of the acromion in treatment of the supraspinatus syndrome; report of 95
      excisions.

PMID- 18148780
TI  - Dismembering.

PMID- 18148781
TI  - A short note on Empedocles and Freud.

PMID- 18148782
TI  - Freud and literary theory.

PMID- 18148783
TI  - Recurrent hypertensive cerebral thrombosis; clinicopathologic analysis of six
      cases with discussion of pathogenesis.

PMID- 18148784
TI  - Social dissatisfaction and personality disorder.

PMID- 18148785
TI  - Spasmodic torticollis; successful surgical treatment.

PMID- 18148786
TI  - The interpretation of some disorders of speech.

PMID- 18148787
TI  - Observations in electrically-produced epileptic convulsions; the post-convulsive
      decerebrate state.

PMID- 18148788
TI  - The incidence of mongolism in the general population.

PMID- 18148789
TI  - Addiction under the Mental Treatment Act, Eire, 1945.

PMID- 18148790
TI  - Paranoid reaction during the phase of recovery from subarachnoid haemorrhage.

PMID- 18148791
TI  - On aqueous humour and histamine.

PMID- 18148792
TI  - Meningitis after Toti's operation.

PMID- 18148794
TI  - Increment thresholds and the mechanisms of colour vision.

PMID- 18148793
TI  - Retinal structure and colour vision.

PMID- 18148795
TI  - The polychromatic theory.

PMID- 18148796
TI  - Current views on colour blindness.

PMID- 18148797
TI  - Phenomena observed in veiled colours.

PMID- 18148798
TI  - The two-quanta explanation of the dependence of the threshold values on the
      visual angle and the time of observation.

PMID- 18148799
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148800
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148802
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148801
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148803
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148804
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148805
TI  - Coma in leukemia.

PMID- 18148806
TI  - Jaundice.

PMID- 18148807
TI  - Fever and convulsions.

PMID- 18148808
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148809
TI  - Antibiotic development.

PMID- 18148810
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148811
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148812
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148813
TI  - Percentage strength penicillin solutions.

PMID- 18148814
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148815
TI  - Protein metabolism of tissue cells in vitro; the chemical nature of some obligate
      factors of tissue cell nutrition.

PMID- 18148816
TI  - Occurrence and metabolism of free amino acids during insect metamorphosis.

PMID- 18148817
TI  - Report on an experiment concerning the influence of mind over matter.

PMID- 18148818
TI  - The expressive component of behavior.

PMID- 18148819
TI  - Reinforcement of learning; the process of sensory integration.

PMID- 18148820
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148821
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148822
TI  - Ureters and bladder.

PMID- 18148823
TI  - A vertical cassette holder.

PMID- 18148824
TI  - Identification contact printer for chest radiographs.

PMID- 18148825
TI  - Cavernous pulmonary telangiectasis.

PMID- 18148826
TI  - Pulmonary asperigillosis in coal workers.

PMID- 18148827
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148828
TI  - Gantrisin; an in vivo and in vitro study in urinary infections.

PMID- 18148829
TI  - An ancient ivory figure from Rhodesia.

PMID- 18148832
TI  - A pooled Paracolobactrum intermedium antiserum for screening in enteric
      bacteriology.

PMID- 18148833
TI  - Viability and fertility of Drosophila exposed to sub-zero temperatures.

PMID- 18148834
TI  - Androgenesis, a differentiator of cytoplasmic injury induced by X-rays in
      Habrobracon eggs.

PMID- 18148835
TI  - The effects of pituitary implantation on diploid and triploid larvae of the newt,
      Triturus viridescens, with special reference to the gonads.

PMID- 18148836
TI  - Some suggestions for a possible approach to a mathematical biophysics of mitosis.

PMID- 18148838
TI  - Nuclear moments.

PMID- 18148837
TI  - A mechanism for active transport of coenzyme-like substances with possible
      reference to auxin transport in plants.

PMID- 18148839
TI  - Scintillation counters.

PMID- 18148840
TI  - Ion optics and mass spectrometry.

PMID- 18148841
TI  - The electron cyclotron.

PMID- 18148842
TI  - The relation of long-continued respiratory allergy to occlusion.

PMID- 18148843
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148844
TI  - The school dental health program in Watertown, N.Y.

PMID- 18148845
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148846
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148847
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148848
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148850
TI  - Hashimoto's disease.

PMID- 18148849
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148851
TI  - The natural history of thyroid cancer; a review of 301 cases.

PMID- 18148852
TI  - Total thyroidectomy in the management of diffuse toxic goiter.

PMID- 18148853
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148854
TI  - Federal support of medical research through the Public Health Service.

PMID- 18148855
TI  - Recent research in timber technology in Great Britain.

PMID- 18148856
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148857
TI  - London's water-supplies.

PMID- 18148858
TI  - Electronic calculating-machine development in Cambridge.

PMID- 18148859
TI  - Eclipse observations of solar radiation at a wave-length of 50 cm.

PMID- 18148860
TI  - Wind and temperature measurements up to 30 km.

PMID- 18148861
TI  - Endogenous formation of carbon monoxide in man.

PMID- 18148862
TI  - Some aspects of bone marrow metabolism.

PMID- 18148863
TI  - Inositol and phosphorylation of liver lipids.

PMID- 18148864
TI  - Squamous epithelium of vaginal type in the female urethra.

PMID- 18148865
TI  - Further radiological studies in the investigation of obstetric disproportion with
      especial reference to the contracted pelvic outlet.

PMID- 18148866
TI  - Rubella in pregnancy as an aetiological factor in congenital malformation,
      stillbirth, miscarriage and abortion.

PMID- 18148868
TI  - Two cases of ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 18148867
TI  - Subacute bacterial endocarditis in pregnancy.

PMID- 18148869
TI  - Some comments on the treatment of stress incontinence.

PMID- 18148870
TI  - [Dystocia and fetal ascites, a rare observation].

PMID- 18148871
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148872
TI  - Historical review of pulmonary tuberculosis policy.

PMID- 18148873
TI  - The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18148874
TI  - The importance of keeping medical information confidential.

PMID- 18148875
TI  - Marine medical operations; a service to seamen.

PMID- 18148876
TI  - Routine culture methods in diagnosing Endamoeba histolytica.

PMID- 18148877
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148878
TI  - The relative importance of plasmatic and vascular factors of hemostasis in the
      pathogenesis of the hemorrhagic diathesis of liver dysfunction.

PMID- 18148879
TI  - The citric acid content of the serum after glucose and galactose tolerance tests.

PMID- 18148880
TI  - Investigations on serum- and tissue-iron.

PMID- 18148881
TI  - Comparison between an American, a Dutch and a Swedish strain of influenza virus A
      isolated in 1947.

PMID- 18148882
TI  - The so-called silent myocardial infarction.

PMID- 18148883
TI  - Hyperthyroidism or anxiety neurosis?

PMID- 18148884
TI  - Reinstatement of the deafened in their kingdom of hearing.

PMID- 18148885
TI  - Procaine penicillin in the treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 18148886
TI  - Chrysotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18148887
TI  - Streptomycin and its uses in tuberculosis.

PMID- 18148888
TI  - A case of liver abscess successfully operated under local anaesthesia.

PMID- 18148889
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148890
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148892
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148891
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148893
TI  - The use of quinidine.

PMID- 18148894
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148895
TI  - Continuous caudal analgesia in obstetrics, surgery, and therapeutics.

PMID- 18148896
TI  - Lymphadenopathy in brucellosis.

PMID- 18148897
TI  - A cholera centenary.

PMID- 18148898
TI  - Test-tube sterilizer for syringes.

PMID- 18148899
TI  - Investigation of fertility in the male.

PMID- 18148900
TI  - Psychosomatic aspects of essential hypertension.

PMID- 18148901
TI  - [Rehabilitation problems in internal medicine].

PMID- 18148902
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148903
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148904
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148906
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148905
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148908
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148907
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148909
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148910
TI  - Recent advances in psychiatry.

PMID- 18148911
TI  - The treatment of brucellosis.

PMID- 18148912
TI  - Cholecystitis.

PMID- 18148913
TI  - Mixed mesodermal tumors of the female genital tract.

PMID- 18148914
TI  - Encephalopathy following pertussis vaccine prophylaxis.

PMID- 18148915
TI  - Arteriovenous aneurysm of the phrenic vessels; report of a case following
      thoracentesis.

PMID- 18148916
TI  - Carcinoma of the larynx.

PMID- 18148917
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 18148918
TI  - The profession's plans in the field of public relations.

PMID- 18148919
TI  - The problem of stream pollution.

PMID- 18148920
TI  - Hyperthyroidism with carcinoma of the colon in sisters.

PMID- 18148921
TI  - Diaphragmatic hernia.

PMID- 18148922
TI  - The art of living.

PMID- 18148923
TI  - Practical office procedures in gynecology.

PMID- 18148924
TI  - Safety factors for radium-containing static eliminators used in printing and
      allied industries.

PMID- 18148925
TI  - [Treatment of high blood pressure by intermittent sleep].

PMID- 18148926
TI  - Haemophilus influenzae meningitis treated with streptomycin.

PMID- 18148927
TI  - Intravenous iron in hypochromic anaemia associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18148928
TI  - The student's objective.

PMID- 18148929
TI  - ESSENTIAL hypertension.

PMID- 18148930
TI  - [Estimation of prothrombin].

PMID- 18148931
TI  - Carcinoma in young adults.

PMID- 18148932
TI  - Enter the DP physician.

PMID- 18148933
TI  - Tragedy at Green Ponds, Van Diemen's Land, 1842.

PMID- 18148934
TI  - Skin lesions among fishermen at Houtman's Abrolhos, Wester Australia, with an
      account of erysipeloid of Rosenbach.

PMID- 18148936
TI  - Life in Papua.

PMID- 18148937
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148935
TI  - Marital adjustments during pregnancy and the year after.

PMID- 18148938
TI  - The course of cirrhosis of the liver in patients treated with large doses of
      liver extract intravenously; a study of 112 cases; 44 control cases, 68 cases
      treated with liver extract intravenously.

PMID- 18148939
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148940
TI  - Melorheostosis; a case with monomelic distribution.

PMID- 18148941
TI  - Treatment of carpal navicular injuries.

PMID- 18148942
TI  - Hemopericardium without rupture of the heart following dicumarol therapy for
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 18148943
TI  - Lipid pneumonia of right middle lobe.

PMID- 18148944
TI  - Treatment and prevention of pulmonary embolism, venous thrombosis and other
      thrombo-embolic episodes.

PMID- 18148945
TI  - Treatment of congenital glaucoma with beta radiation; report of a case.

PMID- 18148946
TI  - Results of topectomy in the treatment of psychiatric conditions.

PMID- 18148947
TI  - The present status of Rh counter-immunization.

PMID- 18148948
TI  - Sigmoidorectal electrosurgical snare.

PMID- 18148949
TI  - Sensitivity to furacin.

PMID- 18148950
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148951
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148952
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148953
TI  - The use of one-tenth per cent pentothal in clinical anesthesia.

PMID- 18148954
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148955
TI  - Sternal marrow biopsy.

PMID- 18148957
TI  - SURGEON and the Service.

PMID- 18148956
TI  - The broken nose.

PMID- 18148958
TI  - COUNTRY practitioner and the Service.

PMID- 18148959
TI  - The doctor and the Service; some reflections of two newly qualified
      practitioners.

PMID- 18148960
TI  - DENTIST and the Service.

PMID- 18148961
TI  - MEDICAL administrator and the Service.

PMID- 18148962
TI  - SERVICE in Scotland.

PMID- 18148963
TI  - PHARMACIST and the Service.

PMID- 18148964
TI  - HOSPITAL patient and the Service.

PMID- 18148965
TI  - COST of the Health Service.

PMID- 18148966
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148967
TI  - The effect of p-aminosalicylic acid on tuberculosis in guinea pigs infected with
      tubercle bacilli resistant in vitro to para-aminosalicylic acid.

PMID- 18148968
TI  - Fertility in operatively treated and untreated cryptorchidism.

PMID- 18148969
TI  - Anaesthetic responsibility.

PMID- 18148970
TI  - The history of research upon the renal circulation.

PMID- 18148971
TI  - Multiple congenital anomalies of the eyes.

PMID- 18148972
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148973
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148974
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148975
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148976
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148977
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148978
TI  - The Workmen's compensation Act; a few do's and don'ts for medical practitioners
      in dealing with accident cases.

PMID- 18148979
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148980
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148981
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148982
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148983
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148984
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148986
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148985
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148987
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148988
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148989
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148990
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18148991
TI  - The disappearance of glucose from incubated blood containing added electrolytes.

PMID- 18148993
TI  - Pearl Harbor and civil defense.

PMID- 18148992
TI  - Adaptation to brief stress; the blood level of leucocytes and adrenal function in
      epilepsy; electrically induced convulsions, and after injection of epinephrine; a
      review and interpretation.

PMID- 18148994
TI  - Diabetes mellitus; presently recognized concepts of management.

PMID- 18148995
TI  - A technique for arthrodesis of the hip joint.

PMID- 18148996
TI  - Fractures of both bones of the forearm in adults.

PMID- 18148997
TI  - Experiences in the use of homogenous (bone bank) bone.

PMID- 18148998
TI  - Electromyography in orthopaedics.

PMID- 18148999
TI  - Osteosythesis of the neck of the femur.

PMID- 18149000
TI  - Posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint; report of a case.

PMID- 18149001
TI  - The ideal curriculum in children's orthopaedic surgery.

PMID- 18149002
TI  - The ideal curriculum of resident training in a private clinic.

PMID- 18149003
TI  - Resident training in a Navy hospital.

PMID- 18149004
TI  - Special training for the resident staff in infantile paralysis.

PMID- 18149005
TI  - Results of the survey on the requirements for basic-science training.

PMID- 18149006
TI  - The orthopaedic treatment of the painful shoulder.

PMID- 18149007
TI  - Mental deficiency in the 1880's and 1940's; a brief review of 60 years' progress.

PMID- 18149008
TI  - Toledo in transition.

PMID- 18149009
TI  - Education for mentally retarded pupils of senior high-school age.

PMID- 18149010
TI  - Case report; reproduction in a mongoloid.

PMID- 18149011
TI  - The present and future status of the psychologist in the field of mental
      deficiency.

PMID- 18149012
TI  - [Aerobacter meningitis in newborns to 4 days].

PMID- 18149013
TI  - Integration of test results with clinical observations; a diagnostic case study.

PMID- 18149015
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149014
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149016
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149017
TI  - Consultant service vital to plant health program.

PMID- 18149018
TI  - Ocular onchocerciasis.

PMID- 18149019
TI  - Fusional vergence.

PMID- 18149020
TI  - Surgical repair of neurofibromatosis of eyelid.

PMID- 18149021
TI  - The handling of the amblyopic patient.

PMID- 18149022
TI  - An electrical remote control for the revolving astigmatic cross.

PMID- 18149023
TI  - Syphilitic primary optic atrophy.

PMID- 18149024
TI  - DISCIFORM macular degeneration.

PMID- 18149025
TI  - FAMILIAL corneal dystrophy.

PMID- 18149026
TI  - Surgery of orbital implants.

PMID- 18149027
TI  - A case of supposed Boeck's sarcoidosis of the larynx.

PMID- 18149028
TI  - Lingual tonsils; a new evaluation.

PMID- 18149029
TI  - The influence of the antigen density and other factors on the serum titer in the
      agglutination-lysis-test for leptospirosis.

PMID- 18149030
TI  - Poisoning from aspidium drugs.

PMID- 18149031
TI  - Acute polyneuritis.

PMID- 18149032
TI  - Acute peritonitis and acute disseminated lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 18149033
TI  - Minute absorption of diphtheritic antibodies from the gastrointestinal tract in
      infants.

PMID- 18149034
TI  - BCG vaccination in Sweden.

PMID- 18149036
TI  - Indian henbane.

PMID- 18149035
TI  - Relation of plasma proteins to birth weight; multiple births and edema in the
      newborn.

PMID- 18149037
TI  - The growth activity for Lactobacillus lactis Dorner of commercial liver extracts.

PMID- 18149038
TI  - Effects of environmental heat stress and exercise on renal blood flow and
      filtration rate.

PMID- 18149039
TI  - Visual discrimination learning with simultaneous and successive presentation of
      stimuli.

PMID- 18149040
TI  - Changes in handedness in the rat by local application of acetylcholine to the
      cerebral cortex.

PMID- 18149041
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149042
TI  - A survey of the nutritive value of milk and milk products as sold on the Montreal
      markets.

PMID- 18149043
TI  - Comparison of mortality levels in Scotland in 1948 and 1937-9.

PMID- 18149044
TI  - Influenza in Scotland in the early months of 1949.

PMID- 18149045
TI  - Roentgenologic findings in osteomyelitis following bone marrow infusions in
      infants; review of literature and report of two cases.

PMID- 18149046
TI  - The time factor in lethal effects of total roentgen irradiation in Triton.

PMID- 18149047
TI  - Oil contrast; a new method of examination of the gastric mucosa.

PMID- 18149048
TI  - Osteogenic sarcoma as a complication of osteitis deformans; some personal
      experiences and reflections.

PMID- 18149049
TI  - A method for exposure of the cardiac septa; an experimental study.

PMID- 18149050
TI  - A new flexible double-lumen catheter for bronchospirometry.

PMID- 18149051
TI  - The use of bacitracin in experimental Clostridium welchii infection in guinea
      pigs.

PMID- 18149052
TI  - Sources of error in oximetry.

PMID- 18149053
TI  - Elliptical anastomosis in urologic surgery.

PMID- 18149054
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149055
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149056
TI  - [Air inflation into the joints for treatment of rigidity due to trauma].

PMID- 18149057
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149058
TI  - Development of the glycogen body of the chick spinal cord; normal morphogenesis,
      vasculogenesis and anatomical relationships.

PMID- 18149059
TI  - The movement of tobacco mosaic viruses and potato virus X through tomato plants.

PMID- 18149061
TI  - Effects of podophyllin on mouse skin; consideration of some functional aspects.

PMID- 18149060
TI  - Excretion of urinary coproporphyrins in patients with neoplastic diseases treated
      with methyl-bis (beta-chloroethyl) amine hydrochloride.

PMID- 18149062
TI  - Studies on suramin; further observations on the combination of the drug with
      proteins.

PMID- 18149063
TI  - A fracture through a mandibular cyst.

PMID- 18149064
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149065
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149066
TI  - Periodontia in general practice.

PMID- 18149067
TI  - A simple method for preparing lining for deep cavities.

PMID- 18149068
TI  - A clinical survey of the incidence of impaired masticatory function in patients
      of a nutrition clinic.

PMID- 18149069
TI  - Maintenance of equilibrium in reversible hydrocolloid impressions; a report of
      tests made with five stock impression materials.

PMID- 18149071
TI  - The coroner, the doctor and the public.

PMID- 18149070
TI  - Carious lesions in cotton rat molars; an effect of the type of cage and bedding
      on the initiation and development of carious lesions.

PMID- 18149072
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149073
TI  - Bacteriology and chemical kinetics.

PMID- 18149074
TI  - Fruit development in relation to plant hormones.

PMID- 18149075
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149076
TI  - Further evidence regarding the structure of emetine.

PMID- 18149077
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149078
TI  - Fluorine and its compounds.

PMID- 18149079
TI  - Electron defect centers in alkali halides.

PMID- 18149080
TI  - The health of England and Wales.

PMID- 18149081
TI  - Inelastic scattering of deuterons.

PMID- 18149082
TI  - Diagnosis of death in roots.

PMID- 18149083
TI  - Chromatography on alumina-impregnated filter paper.

PMID- 18149084
TI  - Fluctuations in the haemoglobin content of Daphnia.

PMID- 18149085
TI  - The ape-man.

PMID- 18149086
TI  - DEMOCRITUS on the atom.

PMID- 18149087
TI  - Natural history of a virus.

PMID- 18149088
TI  - Thiazin dyes in supravital staining of nerve fibers.

PMID- 18149089
TI  - Whole mounts of flat and round worms for morphological studies.

PMID- 18149090
TI  - Mounting media for phase microscope specimens.

PMID- 18149091
TI  - A self-propagating structural change in Triticum; duplication and crossing-over.

PMID- 18149092
TI  - A preliminary linkage test with agouti and undulated mice; the fifth linkage
      group.

PMID- 18149093
TI  - Snowball; a repeated mutation in the cotton rat.

PMID- 18149094
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149095
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149096
TI  - Environmental aspects of the foundry study.

PMID- 18149097
TI  - Health effects associated with beryllium; a literature review.

PMID- 18149098
TI  - Employment of hypertensives in industry.

PMID- 18149099
TI  - Standing orders for nurses in industry; news, views, use and abuse.

PMID- 18149100
TI  - Are industrial hygiene and safety being socialized?

PMID- 18149101
TI  - Graphite (plumbago, black lead) as a source of dusty lung disease.

PMID- 18149102
TI  - Clinical study of lepromatous leprosy in Costa Rica.

PMID- 18149103
TI  - Erythema multiforme exudativum and pneumonia; some pathogenetic considerations in
      connection with a case presenting miliary lesions of the lung and increased titer
      of antistreptolysins and cold agglutinins.

PMID- 18149104
TI  - On the use of nitrogen mustard as a therapeutic agent.

PMID- 18149105
TI  - Periocular hyperpigmentation (masque biliaire) and its relation to biliary and
      genito-urinary tract diseases.

PMID- 18149106
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149107
TI  - Retinal arterial occlusion in migraine.

PMID- 18149108
TI  - Post-operative thrombosis; investigation of a proposed test for its prediction.

PMID- 18149110
TI  - The acute throat.

PMID- 18149109
TI  - Unusual case of nutritional anaemia.

PMID- 18149111
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149112
TI  - Acute hepatitis in general hospital practice; the role of transfusions and
      inoculations.

PMID- 18149113
TI  - Endometriosis; a clinical and pathological study of 219 cases.
AB  - One hundred twenty-four cases of external endometriosis and 95 cases of
      adenomyosis were analyzed. The two are clinically different diseases which have
      one feature in common-a reactive fibrosis to aberrant endometrial tissue. They
      are coexistent in about the same frequency as would result from a noncausal
      relationship. The origin of external endometriosis from the epithelial
      "inclusion" cyst is considered proven histologically. This is the source of
      origin of most external endometriosis, although occasional involvement from
      regurgitated endometrium probably occurs. Both the endometrial and the serous
      cysts have a common parentage in this anlage. CERTAIN HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES THAT
      ARE CONSIDERED PATHOGNOMONIC OF ENDOMETRIOSIS ARE: (1) the minimal lesion, (2)
      the characteristic cuboidal lined cyst, (3) the siderophagic cyst without lining,
      and (4) the siderophagic nest. Recognition of the siderophagic nest will permit
      identification of extinct endometriosis and thus aid in studies to determine the
      spontaneous or therapeutically induced regression of the disease. The coexistence
      of endometriosis with other pelvic pathological changes, notably carcinoma,
      indicates the need for further studies to search the possibility of relationship.
      The ability of ectopic deposits of endometrium to become malignant on rare
      occasions would appear to be proven, but it is a rare occurrence and there is no
      justification for regarding endometriosis as a premalignant disease.

PMID- 18149114
TI  - The present status of abdominal fascial transplants.
AB  - In recent years improvements have been made in techniques for transplanting
      fascia into the muscles of the abdomen to take over the function of paralyzed
      muscles. The techniques are described in this presentation. Since muscular
      coordination of pelvis and thorax plays an important part in control of the
      extremities, better methods of placing transplants across the abdomen to link
      these regions offer, coincidentally, the benefit of better use of muscles in the
      arms and legs. If done early and skillfully, abdominal fascial transplants and
      allied transplants not only aid in restoring function but often prevent
      deformities.

PMID- 18149115
TI  - Septicemia following saphenous ligation.

PMID- 18149116
TI  - Leukemoid reactions in carcinomas.

PMID- 18149117
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149118
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149119
TI  - Vaginal cytology as a laboratory procedure; the role of the technician in cancer
      detection.

PMID- 18149120
TI  - Child health services in Connecticut.

PMID- 18149121
TI  - Management of acute cardiac infarction with emphasis on recent trends.

PMID- 18149122
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149123
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149124
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149125
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149127
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149126
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149128
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149129
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149130
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149131
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149132
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149133
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149134
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149135
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149136
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149137
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149138
TI  - Traumatic amenorrhea with dysmenorrhea.

PMID- 18149139
TI  - Virginia State rheumatic fever program.

PMID- 18149140
TI  - Recent trends in the practice of obstetrics.

PMID- 18149141
TI  - Maternal and child welfare in Australia.

PMID- 18149142
TI  - Case of poliomyelitis at the local level.

PMID- 18149143
TI  - Chylous ascites; a case report.

PMID- 18149144
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149145
TI  - Pteroylpolyglutamic acids in the treatment of pernicious anaemia.

PMID- 18149146
TI  - Pneumonia and empyema due to Salmonella oranienburg.

PMID- 18149147
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149148
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149149
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149150
TI  - Movements and motivations.

PMID- 18149151
TI  - The effect of penicillin on clearance rate in diphtheritic infections.

PMID- 18149153
TI  - Treatment of acute head injuries.

PMID- 18149152
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149154
TI  - Acroparesthesia.

PMID- 18149155
TI  - Adrenal cortical tumor with pathological fracture.

PMID- 18149156
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149157
TI  - Cirrhosis of liver, portal.

PMID- 18149158
TI  - Sympathectomy and the ischemic extremity.

PMID- 18149159
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149160
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149162
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149161
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149163
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149164
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149165
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149166
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149167
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149168
TI  - Hodgkin's disease and allied disorders, prognosis and treatment.

PMID- 18149169
TI  - Dissecting aneurysm of aorta associated with atrioventricular nodal rhythm.

PMID- 18149170
TI  - Streptomycin in the removal of the tuberculous lung.

PMID- 18149171
TI  - Toxic reaction to metycaine.

PMID- 18149172
TI  - Non-surgical management of the woman with pelvic cancer.

PMID- 18149173
TI  - Changes in the medical educational program in ohio from 1890 to 1910.

PMID- 18149175
TI  - Treatment of heart block.

PMID- 18149174
TI  - Surgical diseases of the lungs.

PMID- 18149176
TI  - Treatment of impetigo.

PMID- 18149177
TI  - Advances in surgery.

PMID- 18149178
TI  - Advances in paediatrics.

PMID- 18149179
TI  - Advances in the treatment of skin diseases.

PMID- 18149180
TI  - Advances in urology.

PMID- 18149181
TI  - Advances in anaesthesia.

PMID- 18149182
TI  - Advances in the treatment of cancer.

PMID- 18149183
TI  - Advances in industrial medicine.

PMID- 18149184
TI  - Acute retention.

PMID- 18149185
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149186
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149188
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149187
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149189
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149190
TI  - [The fundamental metabolic disorder of diabetes].

PMID- 18149191
TI  - [The nurse in health services].

PMID- 18149192
TI  - [Researching the treponema in syphilitic chancre].

PMID- 18149193
TI  - [Treatment of tuberculosis by aerosols].

PMID- 18149194
TI  - [Agranulocytosis caused by thiouracil].

PMID- 18149195
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149196
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149197
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149198
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149200
TI  - Acute idiopathic porphyria; report of a case.

PMID- 18149199
TI  - Carotid sinus hypersensitivity as a sign of intracranial disease; case of
      cerebellar angioblastoma.

PMID- 18149201
TI  - Niacinamide in bromide intoxication.

PMID- 18149202
TI  - Failure to propagate human poliomyelitis virus in developing avian embryos.

PMID- 18149203
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149204
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149205
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149206
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149207
TI  - The advantages and limitations of hormone therapy in benign and malignant
      prostatism.

PMID- 18149208
TI  - Etiological factors in pancreatitis.

PMID- 18149209
TI  - Electrocardiographic studies in anthracosilicosis.

PMID- 18149210
TI  - Progress in medicine since I graduated in 1893.

PMID- 18149211
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149212
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149214
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149213
TI  - Abdominal and retroperitoneal actinomycosis; report of a case.

PMID- 18149215
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149216
TI  - Psychiatry at the crossroads.

PMID- 18149217
TI  - Utilization of psychiatrist and social worker as an intake team.

PMID- 18149218
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149219
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149220
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149221
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149222
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149223
TI  - Perilymph; its relation to the improvement of hearing which follows fenestration
      of the vestibular labyrinth in clinical otosclerosis.

PMID- 18149224
TI  - Abscess of the cerebellar lobe of otogenic origin; combined otolaryngologic and
      neurosurgical treatment in six cases.

PMID- 18149226
TI  - Cicatricial stenosis of the hypopharynx treated with skin graft.

PMID- 18149225
TI  - Rhinophyma.

PMID- 18149227
TI  - Review of allergy for 1947.

PMID- 18149228
TI  - Coarctation of the aorta with death from rupture of a cerebral aneurysm.

PMID- 18149229
TI  - Venous atheroma.

PMID- 18149230
TI  - Urticaria pigmentosa; a report of a case with autopsy.

PMID- 18149231
TI  - Nonlipid reticuloendotheliosis; Letterer-Siwe disease; report of a case.

PMID- 18149232
TI  - The early diagnosis of rickets.

PMID- 18149233
TI  - The changing incidence of convulsions in childhood.

PMID- 18149234
TI  - Familial congenital stridor.

PMID- 18149235
TI  - Studies on the chemotherapy of virus infections; failure of darvisul
      (phenosulfazole) to affect the course of experimental and clinical poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18149236
TI  - A method for the determination of nitrates in milk and infant formula.

PMID- 18149237
TI  - Typhus fever.

PMID- 18149238
TI  - The common cold.

PMID- 18149239
TI  - GOVERMENT and drugs.

PMID- 18149240
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149241
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149242
TI  - A solvent of vitamin A.

PMID- 18149243
TI  - Enzymes in the cell.

PMID- 18149244
TI  - Some examples of creative achievement during later maturity and old age.

PMID- 18149245
TI  - An analysis of the Minnesota vocational test for clerical workers in a high
      school situation.

PMID- 18149246
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149247
TI  - Experimental chemotherapy of neoplastic diseases.

PMID- 18149248
TI  - Roentgen findings in acute Friedlander's pneumonia.

PMID- 18149249
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149250
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149251
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149252
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149253
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149254
TI  - The treatment of recurrence of cancer of the breast.

PMID- 18149255
TI  - Fat grafts to the face.

PMID- 18149256
TI  - [Intra-arterial transfusion].

PMID- 18149257
TI  - [Subtosan, a preparation that fills a need].

PMID- 18149258
TI  - Toxic sublingual goiter.

PMID- 18149259
TI  - Congenital arteriovenous fistula of lower extremities with pelvic complication.

PMID- 18149260
TI  - The modern surgeries of the prostate.

PMID- 18149261
TI  - Treatment of slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis; a study of the results of
      42 cases.

PMID- 18149262
TI  - Removal of the auricular appendage in the dog.

PMID- 18149263
TI  - Internal strangulating obstruction of the bowel.

PMID- 18149264
TI  - [Treatment of nasal allergies].

PMID- 18149265
TI  - [Experience with acute necrosis of the pancreas that originated in acute, diffuse
      peritonitis].

PMID- 18149266
TI  - Planning the control of sleeping sickness.

PMID- 18149267
TI  - Diphtheria in African natives in the Transkei, South Africa.

PMID- 18149268
TI  - The efficacy of B.C.G. vaccination.

PMID- 18149269
TI  - Classification of pulmonary tuberculosis; project of a new practical tuberculosis
      nomenclature.

PMID- 18149271
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149270
TI  - The effect of bacterial spreading factors on local and generalized experimental
      tuberculous infection.

PMID- 18149272
TI  - Primary renal actinomycosis.

PMID- 18149273
TI  - Hemangioma of a renal papilla; case report.

PMID- 18149274
TI  - Voluntary fluid intake after nephrectomy.

PMID- 18149275
TI  - Recurrent traumatic intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder.

PMID- 18149276
TI  - Lymphosarcoma of the prostate.

PMID- 18149277
TI  - Urethral diverticulum in the female.

PMID- 18149278
TI  - Congenital epispadias with incontinence.

PMID- 18149279
TI  - Clinical aspects of intersexuality.

PMID- 18149280
TI  - Aureomycin; a clinical and laboratory study of its effect in urinary infections.

PMID- 18149281
TI  - Ten principles of VD contact interviewing.

PMID- 18149282
TI  - The contact lens problem.

PMID- 18149283
TI  - Eczema of the hands.

PMID- 18149284
TI  - Anococcygeal teratoma in the newborn; report of a case.

PMID- 18149285
TI  - Addison's disease.

PMID- 18149286
TI  - Allergic rhinitis in pediatrics.

PMID- 18149287
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of mold allergy.

PMID- 18149288
TI  - Allergic skin disorders in pediatrics.

PMID- 18149289
TI  - Antihistamine therapy in allergy.

PMID- 18149290
TI  - Blood count and differential leucocyte count during streptomycin therapy;  a
      review of 45 cases treated.

PMID- 18149291
TI  - Signs, symptoms and treatment of some chest conditions amenable to surgery.

PMID- 18149292
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149293
TI  - [Constitutional dyslexia, or congenital word-blindness].

PMID- 18149294
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149295
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149297
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149296
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149298
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149299
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149300
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149301
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149302
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149303
TI  - Deep pain sensibility.

PMID- 18149304
TI  - Serological diagnosis of human toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 18149305
TI  - Sensitization of penicillin-resistant pathogens.

PMID- 18149306
TI  - Anuria following ischaemia of the renal cortex.

PMID- 18149307
TI  - Sympathetic amputation clamp.

PMID- 18149308
TI  - Epidemiology of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18149309
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149310
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149311
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149312
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149313
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149314
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149315
TI  - Foetal losses in child-birth.

PMID- 18149316
TI  - Epidemiology of rheumatic fever and some of its public health aspects.

PMID- 18149317
TI  - The present status of penicillin therapy in the treatment of subacute bacterial
      endocarditis.

PMID- 18149318
TI  - The role of sulphanilamide prophylaxis in rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18149319
TI  - The modern treatment of lupus vulgaris.

PMID- 18149320
TI  - Mass miniature chest radiography.

PMID- 18149321
TI  - Hypnotism, retrospect and prospect.

PMID- 18149322
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149323
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149324
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149326
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149327
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149325
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149328
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149329
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149330
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149331
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149332
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149334
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149333
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149335
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149336
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149337
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149338
TI  - Cerebral angiography.

PMID- 18149339
TI  - Nevoxantho-endothelioma.

PMID- 18149340
TI  - Adrenal sympathoblastoma (neuroblastoma).

PMID- 18149341
TI  - Sarcoma of the uterus.

PMID- 18149342
TI  - The child, the surgeon, the operation.

PMID- 18149343
TI  - Cholecystectomy; a technique for the occasional operator.

PMID- 18149344
TI  - Auricular fibrillation in normal hearts.

PMID- 18149345
TI  - The Schick status of 18,000 young adult males.

PMID- 18149346
TI  - Hepatitis, exfoliative dermatitis and abnormal bone marrow occurring during
      tridione therapy; report of a case with recovery.

PMID- 18149347
TI  - Public health aspects of the virus encephalitides.

PMID- 18149348
TI  - Regional ileitis.

PMID- 18149349
TI  - Peritoneal dialysis for acute renal failure.

PMID- 18149350
TI  - [The surgical treatment of facial palsy].

PMID- 18149351
TI  - [Surgical treatment of peripheral facial palsy in closed head injuries].

PMID- 18149352
TI  - [The question technique for obtaining anamnestic data in nervous diseases].

PMID- 18149353
TI  - [Tonsillectomy according to Sluder-Ballenger; after-examination of 296 children].

PMID- 18149354
TI  - [Causes of death in pharyngeal diphtheria].

PMID- 18149355
TI  - [The increased poliomyelitis incidence in the higher age-groups and its causes].

PMID- 18149356
TI  - [Triethylene glycol in air disinfection].

PMID- 18149357
TI  - [Surgical treatment of peripheral facial palsy in fractures of the cranial base].

PMID- 18149358
TI  - [Plasma cell tumour (Plasmocytoma) of the maxilla].

PMID- 18149359
TI  - [Penicillin-rinse treatment in paronychia tendinosa].

PMID- 18149360
TI  - [Anew method of treating infected sebaceous cysts].

PMID- 18149361
TI  - [Lucamid, a new analgetic].

PMID- 18149362
TI  - [Encephalography in frontal lobotomy].

PMID- 18149363
TI  - [Anorectal infections and fistulae].

PMID- 18149364
TI  - [Differential diagnosis and treatment of Simmond's disease,
      panhypoadenopituitarism].

PMID- 18149365
TI  - [Extrauterine pregnancy].

PMID- 18149366
TI  - [On the artificial kidney; some clinical experiences and problems in the
      treatment of uremia].

PMID- 18149368
TI  - [Ileus in sprue patient].

PMID- 18149367
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma in Greenlanders of pure Eskimo type].

PMID- 18149369
TI  - [Achillobursitis].

PMID- 18149370
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149371
TI  - The sun and the skin.

PMID- 18149372
TI  - The etiology and nonsurgical treatment of cataract.

PMID- 18149373
TI  - Surgical treatment of massive hemorrhage from peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18149374
TI  - Incarceration of a Meckel's diverticulum in an inguinal hernia; report of a case
      and review of the literature.

PMID- 18149375
TI  - [Carcinoma of the cervix uteri in pregnancy].

PMID- 18149376
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149377
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149378
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149380
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149379
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149381
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149382
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149383
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149384
TI  - [Survey of syphilis in the province of Cracow in 1947-1948].

PMID- 18149385
TI  - [Pathophysiology and the treatment of acute local congelation].

PMID- 18149386
TI  - [Kala-azar infantum].

PMID- 18149387
TI  - [Streptomycin treatment of tuberculous meningitis in children].

PMID- 18149388
TI  - [Complications from intraspinal administration of penicillin].

PMID- 18149389
TI  - [Plastic surgery following the removal of a naevus from a baby].

PMID- 18149390
TI  - [Haemangioma cavernosum renis].

PMID- 18149391
TI  - [Epidemic poliomyelitis in children, its clinical course and treatment].

PMID- 18149392
TI  - [Allergy and immunity in the experimental tuberculosis of the eyes].

PMID- 18149393
TI  - [Work in the neurosurgical clinics in USSR].

PMID- 18149394
TI  - Exophthalmos.

PMID- 18149395
TI  - Surgical treatment of polyps of the colon.

PMID- 18149396
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of bronchiectasis.

PMID- 18149397
TI  - The surgical treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 18149398
TI  - Practical procedures in minor gynecology.

PMID- 18149399
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149400
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149401
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149402
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149403
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149404
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149405
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149406
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149407
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149409
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149408
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149410
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149411
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149412
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149413
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149414
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149415
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149416
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149417
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149418
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149419
TI  - Anticoagulants in internal medicine.

PMID- 18149420
TI  - The use of anticoagulants in surgery.

PMID- 18149421
TI  - The determination of plasma prothrombin.

PMID- 18149422
TI  - Submucous rectification of the nasal septum.

PMID- 18149423
TI  - Anaesthesia for the surgical treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 18149424
TI  - Detection of foetal abnormalities.

PMID- 18149425
TI  - Discussion on the artificial menopause, indications, technique and complications.

PMID- 18149426
TI  - Discussion on the cause of diabetes.

PMID- 18149427
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149428
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149429
TI  - Discussion on diagnostic radiology in rheumatic disease.

PMID- 18149430
TI  - Discussion on the development of psychiatry within the National Health Service.

PMID- 18149431
TI  - Some cultural group abreactive techniques and their relation to modern
      treatments.

PMID- 18149432
TI  - Antibacterial activity of d-usnic acid and related compounds on M. tuberculosis.

PMID- 18149433
TI  - Site of conversion of tryptophan into nicotinic acid in man.

PMID- 18149434
TI  - Effect of iodide on thyroid glands of rats kept at low temperature.

PMID- 18149435
TI  - Tetanus prophylaxis with penicillin-procaine G.

PMID- 18149436
TI  - Further observations on isosensitization to the Rh factor.

PMID- 18149437
TI  - Riboflavin and growth of tubercle bacilli.

PMID- 18149438
TI  - Recovery of psittacosis virus from chicks hatched from inoculated eggs.

PMID- 18149439
TI  - Evaluation of Dubos' solid medium containing penicillin in the isolation of
      tubercle bacilli.

PMID- 18149440
TI  - Influence of intestinal bacteria on synthesis of nicotinic acid from tryptophan.

PMID- 18149441
TI  - Inhibitory effects of pteroyl glutamic acid preparations.

PMID- 18149442
TI  - Serologic relationship between streptococcus group H and streptococcus sanguis.

PMID- 18149443
TI  - Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis produced in albino mice.

PMID- 18149444
TI  - Tests for chemical mutagens in Drosophila using the vaginal douche technic.

PMID- 18149445
TI  - Effect of alloxan diabetes on fertility and gestation in the rat.

PMID- 18149446
TI  - Dissociation among Lancefield's group B streptococci of human and bovine origin.

PMID- 18149447
TI  - A histochemical method for localizing cholinesterase activity.

PMID- 18149449
TI  - Effect of temperature on transmission of light by cell free body fluid in
      Phascolosoma gouldii.

PMID- 18149450
TI  - Observations on the racial distribution of variants of blood type Rh.

PMID- 18149448
TI  - Failure of thyroidectomy and thiouracil to protect rat liver from acute carbon
      tetrachloride injury.

PMID- 18149451
TI  - Veratramine, an antagonist of the cardioaccelerator action of epinephrine.

PMID- 18149452
TI  - Effect of 1- (3,4 dihydroxyphenyl)-2-isopropylaminoethanol, (isopropyl
      epinephrine) on the rhythmic property of the human heart.

PMID- 18149453
TI  - Experimental gastric and duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 18149454
TI  - Independence of protamine titration and platelet level in certain hemorrhagic
      diseases.

PMID- 18149455
TI  - Influence of benzylimidazoline on the peripheral circulation of man.

PMID- 18149456
TI  - Differential sheep cell agglutination test in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18149457
TI  - Application of filter paper partition chromatography to qualitative analysis of
      volatile and non-volatile organic acids.

PMID- 18149458
TI  - Destructive action of human cancer extracts on red blood cells in vitro.

PMID- 18149459
TI  - Spectrophotometric method for assay of serum antiprotease; clinical applications.

PMID- 18149460
TI  - Microphonic manometer for indirect determination of systolic blood pressure in
      the rat.

PMID- 18149461
TI  - Kinetics of distribution of insulin between two body water compartments.

PMID- 18149462
TI  - Biological oxidation of phospholipids by rat liver homogenates.

PMID- 18149463
TI  - Effects of glucose fermentation products on determination of mannitol by
      periodate-titrametric method.

PMID- 18149465
TI  - Inactivity of bound plasma progesterone.

PMID- 18149464
TI  - Serum level of protein bound radioactive iodine (I131) in the diagnosis of
      hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 18149466
TI  - Effect of dialyzed enterogastrone upon 12-hour nocturnal gastric secretion in
      man.

PMID- 18149467
TI  - Thiosemicarbazide; a new toxic derivative of thiourea.

PMID- 18149468
TI  - Seasonal variations in the choline content of human serum.

PMID- 18149469
TI  - Complete regression of lymphosarcoma implants following temporary induction of
      riboflavin deficiency in mice.

PMID- 18149470
TI  - Colloidal properties of nucleus; effect of temperature on nuclear viscosity in
      the starfish egg.

PMID- 18149471
TI  - Effect of stretch and pressure on stimulus formation in the dog's auricle.

PMID- 18149472
TI  - Cortical projection of proprioception in the cat and monkey.

PMID- 18149473
TI  - Effect of curare on autonomic reflexes.

PMID- 18149474
TI  - Influence of estradiol on alkaline phosphatase activity in the genital tract of
      the rat.

PMID- 18149475
TI  - Uterine circulation time in the pregnant primate, with the uterus and abdomen
      intact.

PMID- 18149476
TI  - Inhibition by piperidinomethyl-3-benzodioxane (933F) of epinephrine vasopressor
      blockade produced by dibenzyl-beta-chlorethylamine.

PMID- 18149477
TI  - Contamination of commercial p-aminohippuric acid with p-aminobenzoic acid.

PMID- 18149478
TI  - Geriatrics.

PMID- 18149479
TI  - Sulfonamides in pediatrics.

PMID- 18149480
TI  - Physical stigmata of syphilis.

PMID- 18149481
TI  - Miliary lymphocytomata.

PMID- 18149482
TI  - Lupus vulgaris.

PMID- 18149483
TI  - Parakeratosis scutularis?

PMID- 18149484
TI  - Dermatitis nodularis necrotica.

PMID- 18149485
TI  - Recovery of isotopic succinate from urine of rats administered isotopic acetate.

PMID- 18149486
TI  - Use of radiopotassium for detection of minute amounts of desoxycorticosterone.

PMID- 18149487
TI  - Time of appearance of antibodies to brain in the human receiving anti-rabies
      vaccine.

PMID- 18149488
TI  - A plasma factor responsible for in vitro lysis of leucocytes by tuberculoprotein.

PMID- 18149489
TI  - The role of the spleen in radiation injury.

PMID- 18149490
TI  - Proteolytic activity of hemophilic plasma.

PMID- 18149491
TI  - Transfusion of leukocytes and products of disintegrated leukocytes.

PMID- 18149492
TI  - Effect of adreno-corticotrophic hormone upon liver fat and urinary phosphorus in
      normal force-fed rat.

PMID- 18149493
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149494
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149495
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149496
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149498
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149497
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149499
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149500
TI  - Massive dilatation of the left auricle.

PMID- 18149501
TI  - Primary optic atrophy in von Recklinghausen's disease (multiple
      neurofibromatosis).

PMID- 18149502
TI  - The Marchiafava Micheli syndrome; paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.

PMID- 18149503
TI  - Cushing's syndrome and thymic carcinoma.

PMID- 18149504
TI  - A clinical and pathological study of renal disease; nephritis.

PMID- 18149505
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149506
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149507
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149509
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149508
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149510
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149511
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149512
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149513
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149514
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149515
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149516
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149517
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149518
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149519
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149521
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149520
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149522
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149523
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149524
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149525
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149526
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149527
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149528
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149529
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149530
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149531
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149532
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149533
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149534
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149535
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149536
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149537
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149538
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149539
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149540
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149541
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149542
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149543
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149544
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149545
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149546
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149547
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149548
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149550
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149549
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149551
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149552
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149553
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149554
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149555
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149556
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149557
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149558
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149559
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149560
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149561
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149562
TI  - Causes for delay in the treatment of cancer.

PMID- 18149563
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149564
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149565
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149567
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149566
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149568
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149569
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149570
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149571
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149572
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149573
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149574
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149575
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149576
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149577
TI  - WEIGHT distribution of recruits.

PMID- 18149578
TI  - INCIDENCE of acute and chronic nephritis.

PMID- 18149579
TI  - Visual manifestations of head injuries.

PMID- 18149580
TI  - Reiter's syndrome, with a report of a case.

PMID- 18149581
TI  - Amputations.

PMID- 18149582
TI  - An open ward in the management of psychotics.

PMID- 18149583
TI  - Factors in hospital staff planning; the outpatient department.

PMID- 18149584
TI  - Fungus diseases of the feet.

PMID- 18149585
TI  - The Fayne traction appliance for hallux valgus.

PMID- 18149586
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149587
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149588
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149589
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149590
TI  - Refractory phase in cerebral mechanisms.

PMID- 18149591
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149592
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149593
TI  - Growth of the electrical activity of the cortex.

PMID- 18149594
TI  - A brief review of methods used to elicit or accentuate abnormalities in the
      electroencephalogram.

PMID- 18149595
TI  - A simple multilead needle electrode for intracerebral electroencephalographic
      recording.

PMID- 18149596
TI  - Radio transmission of the human electroencephalogram and other
      electrophysiological data.

PMID- 18149597
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149598
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149599
TI  - Neurosis in the factory.

PMID- 18149600
TI  - Infantile gastro enteritis.

PMID- 18149601
TI  - The Turville infinity binocular balance test.

PMID- 18149602
TI  - The stability of improvement in color vision due to training, a report of three
      cases.

PMID- 18149603
TI  - Orthoptic training used in correction of latent hyperopia and exophoria; a case
      report.

PMID- 18149604
TI  - Notes on compoulory health insurance.

PMID- 18149606
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149605
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149607
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149609
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149610
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149608
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149611
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149612
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149613
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149614
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149615
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149616
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149617
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149618
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149619
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149620
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149621
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149622
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149623
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149624
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149625
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149626
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149627
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149629
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149628
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149630
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149631
TI  - One-eyed drivers.

PMID- 18149632
TI  - The orth-fusor as a near point and visual slide testing device.

PMID- 18149633
TI  - Adrenergic blocking agents in the treatment of glaucoma.

PMID- 18149634
TI  - An operation for ptosis utilizing the superior rectus muscle.

PMID- 18149635
TI  - Acute epiglottitis; acute obstructive supraglottic laryngitis in small children
      caused by Hemophilus influenzae, type B.

PMID- 18149636
TI  - Labyrinthine surgery for Meniere's disease.

PMID- 18149637
TI  - Results of the fenestration operation; a 6-year report of the Winthrop Foundation
      for the study of deafness at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary.

PMID- 18149638
TI  - Hearing; a community problem.

PMID- 18149640
TI  - Team surgery in cancer.

PMID- 18149639
TI  - Noise; will it damage your hearing?

PMID- 18149641
TI  - Carcinoma of mandible and lip.

PMID- 18149642
TI  - Carcinoma of nose and upper lip.

PMID- 18149643
TI  - High T waves as an early transient sign in myocardial infarction; report of a
      case showing also auricular flutter.

PMID- 18149644
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149645
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149646
TI  - Communication technics for the hard of hearing.

PMID- 18149647
TI  - A manual on toxic hazards.

PMID- 18149648
TI  - A survey of state fee schedules for industrial eye care.

PMID- 18149649
TI  - The Navy eye-correction, eye-protection program.

PMID- 18149650
TI  - Histopathological investigations on the localization, number, activity and extent
      of otosclerotic foci.

PMID- 18149651
TI  - Chronic otitis media.

PMID- 18149652
TI  - Nasopharyngeal tumours.

PMID- 18149653
TI  - A case of persistent otorrhoea due to chronic infection in a large infra tympanic
      cavity.

PMID- 18149654
TI  - Poliomyelitis-tonsillectomy survey, 1948.

PMID- 18149655
TI  - Two-room audiometry setup for the otologist's office.

PMID- 18149656
TI  - Otolaryngology; what are its restrictions and where are its borderlines?

PMID- 18149657
TI  - Subcutaneous rupture of trachea from larynx by external trauma; with stenosis and
      recovery.

PMID- 18149658
TI  - Scleroma of the larynx, trachea and bronchi.

PMID- 18149659
TI  - The fenestration operation; indications, technique and results.

PMID- 18149660
TI  - Bacterial allergy and the importance of otolaryngological procedures.

PMID- 18149661
TI  - Asphyxia neonatorum and the vernix membrane.

PMID- 18149662
TI  - In vitro studies of lymph nodes involved in Hodgkin's disease; tissue culture
      studies; formation, behavior and significance of the multinucleated giant cell.

PMID- 18149663
TI  - The role of infection in coronary sclerosis of cockerels.

PMID- 18149664
TI  - Role of age in estrogen-induced lymphoid tumors of mice.

PMID- 18149665
TI  - Development of anal ducts and glands with reference to the pathogenesis of
      anorectal disease.

PMID- 18149666
TI  - Histopathologic observations in a fatal case of Q fever.

PMID- 18149667
TI  - The blood cells and the hemopoietic and other organs of dogs giver intravenous
      injections of 2-chloroethyl vesicants.

PMID- 18149668
TI  - Effect of anti-rat-liver serum on rats.

PMID- 18149669
TI  - Significance of ductal sclerosis in Paget's disease; regression of intraductal
      carcinoma.

PMID- 18149670
TI  - Tissue culture staining in situ.

PMID- 18149671
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149672
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149673
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149674
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149675
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149677
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149676
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149678
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149679
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149680
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149681
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149682
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149683
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149684
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149685
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149686
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149687
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149688
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149689
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149690
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149691
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149692
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149693
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149694
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149695
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149696
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149697
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149698
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149699
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149700
TI  - Physiology of the nerves in the bovine mammary gland.

PMID- 18149701
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149702
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149704
TI  - Physiology of the cistern of the bovine mammary gland.

PMID- 18149705
TI  - Some pharmacological actions of piperidine, pyrrolidine, and of pressor
      concentrates from dog urine.

PMID- 18149706
TI  - Studies on the metabolism and mode of action of DDT.

PMID- 18149708
TI  - A contribution to the physiology and pharmacology of Ascaris lumbricoides from
      the pig.

PMID- 18149707
TI  - A study of the toxicity of the protamine, salmine.

PMID- 18149709
TI  - The action of histamine on hydrochloric acid and pepsin secretion in man.

PMID- 18149710
TI  - The effect of antihistamine substances on gastric secretion in man.

PMID- 18149711
TI  - Some observations upon the pharmacological activity of diisopropyl
      fluorophosphonate.

PMID- 18149712
TI  - The toxicity of trichlorethylene.

PMID- 18149713
TI  - The enzymic hydrolysis of triacetin (glyceryl triacetate).

PMID- 18149714
TI  - The assay of anticholinesterase drugs by the chromodacryorrhoea response in rats.

PMID- 18149715
TI  - Some pharmacological properties common to atropine, pethidine, procaine, and
      quinidine.

PMID- 18149716
TI  - Liberation of nor-adrenaline from the suprarenal gland.

PMID- 18149717
TI  - Intracorneal infection as a method for testing antituberculous substances.

PMID- 18149718
TI  - The effect of neoantergan and of benadryl on serum induced myocarditis in
      rabbits.

PMID- 18149719
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149720
TI  - Studies on the reaction between aromatic nitro compounds and active methylene
      groups.

PMID- 18149721
TI  - The metabolism of adrenaline.

PMID- 18149722
TI  - The pharmacology of adrenergic blockade.

PMID- 18149723
TI  - Anticholinesterase drugs.

PMID- 18149725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149724
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149726
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149727
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149728
TI  - Convulsions in childhood.

PMID- 18149729
TI  - The pasteurisation of milk.

PMID- 18149730
TI  - AUREOMYCIN; American conference on a new antibiotic.

PMID- 18149731
TI  - Radioactive materials and their medical uses.

PMID- 18149732
TI  - HEALTH (The) of Scotland.

PMID- 18149733
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149734
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149735
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149736
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149737
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149738
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149742
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149741
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149743
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149744
TI  - Studies on the absorption of iron; experimental studies on the serum iron level
      in the porta vein during iron absorption tests.

PMID- 18149745
TI  - Studies on the absorption of iron; the serum iron curve in rabbits following
      intravenous administration of iron in massive doses.

PMID- 18149746
TI  - The functional organization of the peripheral autonomic innervation.

PMID- 18149747
TI  - Vasomotor reactions in Valsalva's experiment; an electrocardiographic study with
      reference to the effect of smoking.

PMID- 18149748
TI  - Selective adaptation and the off/on-ratio of the retinal on/off-elements.

PMID- 18149749
TI  - Scotopic dominator and state of visual purple in the retina.

PMID- 18149750
TI  - Studies on the role of the cerebrospinal fluid in brain metabolism as measured
      with radioactive phosphate.

PMID- 18149751
TI  - The chemical transmission of vasoconstrictor impulses to the hind limbs of the
      dog.

PMID- 18149752
TI  - The sympathetic vasomotor innervation of the skin of the dog.

PMID- 18149753
TI  - Action of acetylcholine, adrenaline and nor-adrenaline on the coronary blood flow
      of the dog.

PMID- 18149754
TI  - The gastric secretory response to insulin in dogs and cats.

PMID- 18149755
TI  - The electrodialytic method for total cation determination; a critical study.

PMID- 18149756
TI  - Physiological variations and normal values of the total bases in blood serum.

PMID- 18149757
TI  - Determination by means of radioactive blood corpuscles of the crossed blood flow
      between parabiotic mice.

PMID- 18149758
TI  - Effect of sulfa preparations and methyl thiouracil on the urinary output of
      vitamin C in the rat.

PMID- 18149759
TI  - Oxygen consumption of sheep maternal and foetal blood.

PMID- 18149760
TI  - A further note on optical specificity in methylation processes.

PMID- 18149761
TI  - Cation control in human erythrocyte.

PMID- 18149762
TI  - The effect of breathing oxygen at atmospheric pressure on tissue oxygen and
      carbon dioxide tensions.

PMID- 18149764
TI  - Opacity changes in stimulated nerve.

PMID- 18149763
TI  - Activity and drug responses of the sheep uterus in relation to reproductive
      condition.

PMID- 18149765
TI  - Observations on the action of prostigmine on the spinal cord of the cat.

PMID- 18149766
TI  - Effects of dehydration on adult and newborn rats.

PMID- 18149767
TI  - The effect of postural and exercise components on the heart rate during a brief
      step test.

PMID- 18149768
TI  - The effect of the posterior pituitary hormones on the inorganic phosphorus and
      sugar of the blood.

PMID- 18149769
TI  - The metabolic cost of passive cycling movements.

PMID- 18149770
TI  - Observation of the hypophysio-portal vessels of the living rat.

PMID- 18149771
TI  - The causes of serum bradycardia.

PMID- 18149772
TI  - Automatic integrator for volume recorders.

PMID- 18149773
TI  - Demonstration of the muscle pump in the human leg.

PMID- 18149774
TI  - The effect of adrenaline on the demarcation potential of mammalian muscle.

PMID- 18149775
TI  - The fundamental mechanical change in muscle.

PMID- 18149776
TI  - Action of acetylcholine on rabbit auricles in relation to acetylcholine
      synthesis.

PMID- 18149777
TI  - The effect of thermal stimuli on the circulation in the human colon.

PMID- 18149778
TI  - Animal decompression chamber and ancillary equipment.

PMID- 18149779
TI  - Class apparatus for the perfusion of the isolated mamalian heart.

PMID- 18149780
TI  - Nodes of Ranvier in the central nervous system.

PMID- 18149781
TI  - A convenient nerve-muscle preparation from the gracilis of the cat.

PMID- 18149782
TI  - The properties of polymethylene bistrimethylammonium salts.

PMID- 18149783
TI  - A respiration recorder.

PMID- 18149784
TI  - The effect of carbon dioxide on perfused lungs.

PMID- 18149785
TI  - Remedial reading practices in the secondary school.

PMID- 18149786
TI  - Two attitude components in younger boys.

PMID- 18149787
TI  - A study of friendship choices in college in relation to church affiliation, in
      church preferences, family size, and length of enrollment in college.

PMID- 18149788
TI  - The developing personality as a joint function of convergence and divergence.

PMID- 18149789
TI  - Psychological types in married people.

PMID- 18149790
TI  - The height and weight of soldiers in association with scores earned on the Army
      general classification test.

PMID- 18149791
TI  - The American Mexican; the survival of a culture.

PMID- 18149792
TI  - The development of internationalist attitudes; attitude cues and prestige.

PMID- 18149793
TI  - The origin and nature of social life and the biological basis of cooperation.

PMID- 18149794
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149795
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149797
TI  - Informing the public; the written word.

PMID- 18149796
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149799
TI  - A study of asthma in schoolchildren.

PMID- 18149798
TI  - The approach to film making.

PMID- 18149800
TI  - Birth of a community mental health clinic.

PMID- 18149801
TI  - Effects of DDT dusting on domestic rats under colony and field conditions.

PMID- 18149802
TI  - A virulent isolate of Salmonella typhosa 58 (Panama carrier).

PMID- 18149804
TI  - Characteristics of commercial X-ray screens and films.

PMID- 18149803
TI  - Studies of patients discharged from tuberculosis sanatoria; mortality rates
      associated with selected characteristics of the patient population.

PMID- 18149805
TI  - Summary of antimalarial drugs.

PMID- 18149806
TI  - Condition ratings and endurance measures.

PMID- 18149807
TI  - A study of fatigue effects induced by an efficiency test for college women.

PMID- 18149808
TI  - A study of 20 third-grade children exhibiting extreme levels of achievement on
      test of motor proficiency.

PMID- 18149809
TI  - The physiologic effect of abdominal cold packs.

PMID- 18149810
TI  - A study of the degree of transfer between quickening exercises and other
      coordinated movements.

PMID- 18149811
TI  - The basic walking load involved in attending the university as measured by a
      pedometer; the walking load of college women.

PMID- 18149812
TI  - [Public Health Service in 1949].

PMID- 18149813
TI  - [Public Health Service in Poland].

PMID- 18149814
TI  - [Progress of the National Institute of Hygiene in Poland].

PMID- 18149815
TI  - [Internists as regional consultants].

PMID- 18149816
TI  - [Polish Red Cross as a branch of the Public Health Service].

PMID- 18149817
TI  - [Control of the death-rate among the pre-maturely born infants].

PMID- 18149818
TI  - [Central institute of Criminal Psychiatry in USSR].

PMID- 18149819
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149820
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149821
TI  - [Epidemiology in USSR].

PMID- 18149822
TI  - [History of medicine].

PMID- 18149824
TI  - A rontgen-ray microspectrographic investigation of the inflammatory destruction
      of the mastoid bone.

PMID- 18149823
TI  - [Health service in Rumania].

PMID- 18149825
TI  - Some observations upon the radiology of the small intestine in old age.

PMID- 18149826
TI  - The natural history of malignant disease.

PMID- 18149827
TI  - Note on an improvised simultaneous bi-plane fluoroscopy.

PMID- 18149828
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149829
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149830
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149831
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149832
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149833
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149834
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149835
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149836
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149837
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149838
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149839
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149840
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149841
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149842
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149843
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149844
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149845
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149846
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149847
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149848
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149849
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149850
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149851
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149852
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149853
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149854
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149855
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149856
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149857
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149858
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149860
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149861
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149859
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149862
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149863
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149864
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149865
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149866
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149867
TI  - Fundamental principles of thyroidectomy.

PMID- 18149868
TI  - Needle biopsy of the liver in the diagnosis of surgical jaundice.

PMID- 18149869
TI  - Subcapsular nephrectomy; its indications and advantages.

PMID- 18149870
TI  - Placenta accreta with velamentous insertion of the cord; report of a case treated
      by hysterectomy following normal delivery.

PMID- 18149871
TI  - The congenital absence of the pectoralis major muscle in whole or in part and the
      absence of the pectoralis minor muscle (unilateral) report of three cases.

PMID- 18149872
TI  - Lead poisoning in infancy; a case in which two operations were performed on the
      stomach.

PMID- 18149874
TI  - The quadriceps in relation to recovery from injuries of the knee-joint.

PMID- 18149873
TI  - Non-obstructive lesions of the colon.

PMID- 18149875
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149876
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149877
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149878
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149879
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149880
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149881
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149882
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149883
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149884
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149885
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149887
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149886
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149889
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149888
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149890
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149891
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149893
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149894
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149892
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149895
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149896
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149897
TI  - The application of tomography to the problem of sanatorium bed space.

PMID- 18149898
TI  - The diagnosis of lesions of the major bronchi in pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18149899
TI  - A new type of artificial kidney; preliminary clinical report.

PMID- 18149900
TI  - The ectopic kidney; a gynecologic diagnostic problem.

PMID- 18149901
TI  - Abdominal pain (genito-urinary).

PMID- 18149902
TI  - Treatment of Hunner ulcer.

PMID- 18149904
TI  - Multiple urethral calculi.

PMID- 18149903
TI  - Vogt-Koyanagi syndrome; a review of the literature.

PMID- 18149905
TI  - A technique for the accurate determination of sperm motility.

PMID- 18149906
TI  - Today's management of neurosyphilis.

PMID- 18149907
TI  - Podophyllin in condyloma acuminatum.

PMID- 18149909
TI  - The frequency of occurrence of supernumerary sperm in rat ova.

PMID- 18149908
TI  - Acute pemphigus treated with aureomycin.

PMID- 18149910
TI  - A simplified machine for making ground sections of teeth or bone.

PMID- 18149911
TI  - Intravital staining of blood vessels by acid diazo dyes.

PMID- 18149912
TI  - The anatomy of the dorsal aponeurosis of the human finger and its functional
      significance.

PMID- 18149913
TI  - Vacuolation and the release of heparin in mast cells cultivated in vitro.

PMID- 18149914
TI  - Cytological distribution of fat injected intravenously into guinea pigs.

PMID- 18149915
TI  - Histochemical study of alkaline phosphatase in tissue prepared by the freezing
      drying method.

PMID- 18149916
TI  - Conditions effecting the passage of spermatozoa through the utero-tubal junction
      of the rat.

PMID- 18149917
TI  - Histochemical changes in the suprarenal gland of the adult male rat.

PMID- 18149918
TI  - An injection apparatus incorporating a maximum pressure safety device.

PMID- 18149919
TI  - The use of safranin-O for the demonstration of cytoplasmic nucleoproteins.

PMID- 18149920
TI  - Dendritic cells in pigmented human skin.

PMID- 18149921
TI  - A cytoarchitectural investigation into the boundaries of cortical areas 13 and 14
      in the human brain.

PMID- 18149923
TI  - The lower limit of the spinal cord in south Indian foetuses.

PMID- 18149922
TI  - Bones, muscles and vitamin C; the effect of a partial deficiency of vitamin C on
      the repair of bone and muscle in guinea-pigs.

PMID- 18149924
TI  - Chance in anaesthetic investigation.

PMID- 18149925
TI  - Convulsions during anaesthesia.

PMID- 18149926
TI  - Pioneering in anesthesiology.

PMID- 18149927
TI  - Anaesthesia in obstruction of the airway; report on a case of obstructive goitre.

PMID- 18149928
TI  - A case of cardiac arrest during anaesthesia.

PMID- 18149929
TI  - Tubocurarine in the Trendelenburg position.

PMID- 18149930
TI  - Wide-bore endotracheal connections.

PMID- 18149931
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149932
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149933
TI  - The phenomenon of lysogenicity in staphylococci.

PMID- 18149934
TI  - The isolation in eggs of a new filtrable agent which may be the cause of bovine
      lumpy skin disease.

PMID- 18149935
TI  - A method of estimating streptomycin in serum and other body fluids by diffusion
      through agar enclosed in glass tubes.

PMID- 18149936
TI  - The effect of artificial fertilizers and dung on the members of amoebae in
      Rothamsted soils.

PMID- 18149937
TI  - The assimilation of glutamic acid by yeast.

PMID- 18149938
TI  - Adaptation of Sporocytophaga myxococcoides to sugars.

PMID- 18149939
TI  - The lecithinase of Bacillus cereus and its comparison with Clostridium welchii
      alpha-toxin.

PMID- 18149940
TI  - The incidence of penicillin-sensitive variant colonies in penicillinase-producing
      strains of Staphylococcus pyogenes.

PMID- 18149941
TI  - The fermentation of trehalose by yeasts and its taxonomic implications.

PMID- 18149942
TI  - The susceptibility of viruses to ethyl ether.

PMID- 18149943
TI  - The investigation of influenza and related viruses in the electron microscope, by
      a new technique.

PMID- 18149944
TI  - A technique for examining large numbers of bacterial culture filtrates by
      partition chromatography.

PMID- 18149945
TI  - The examination, by partition paper chromatography, of the nitrogen metabolism of
      bacteria.

PMID- 18149946
TI  - On the incidence of cancer in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

PMID- 18149947
TI  - The use of interstitial radon seeds and needles in inoperable lung cancer.

PMID- 18149948
TI  - Carcinoma of the sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal; a clinicopathological
      analysis of 150 cases.

PMID- 18149949
TI  - Endometrial cancer and hepatic cirrhosis.

PMID- 18149950
TI  - The vaginal smear; the ease and difficulty of its evaluation.

PMID- 18149951
TI  - Sclerosing adenosis.

PMID- 18149952
TI  - Exfoliated pancreatic cancer cells in duodenal drainage; a case report.

PMID- 18149953
TI  - Hemologous and heterologous growth of transplants of various tissues during the
      course of development in the mouse.

PMID- 18149954
TI  - Multiple primary tumors in the rabbit.

PMID- 18149955
TI  - Distribution of globulin-bound thyroid fractions of iodine in normal and tumorous
      animals after intravenous administration using radioiodine as a tracer.

PMID- 18149956
TI  - The zone of localization of antibodies; the specific localization of antibodies
      to rat kidney.

PMID- 18149957
TI  - A study of the inhibition of tumor growth in mice and rats with 10-methyl-1,2
      benzanthracene and derivatives related to the nitrogen and sulfur beta
      chloroethyl vesicants.

PMID- 18149958
TI  - Malignant and potentially malignant intrathoracic tumors.

PMID- 18149959
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149960
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149961
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149962
TI  - Influence of sodium chloride upon the actions of desoxycorticosteron acetate.

PMID- 18149963
TI  - Plasma tocopherol levels in cardiac patients.

PMID- 18149964
TI  - The potential differences between multiple central terminals each connected to a
      separate set of limb electrodes.

PMID- 18149965
TI  - Clinical studies of 21 cases of coarctation of the aorta.

PMID- 18149966
TI  - A clinical study of subacute bacterial infection confined to the right side of
      the heart or the pulmonary artery.

PMID- 18149967
TI  - The effect of sympathetic stimulation on auricular flutter.

PMID- 18149968
TI  - Electrocardiographic changes on tilting.

PMID- 18149969
TI  - Quantitative studies on ventilation during inhalation of carbon dioxide in normal
      and emphysematous patients.

PMID- 18149970
TI  - Intracavity and esophageal potentials in right ventricular hypertrophy.

PMID- 18149971
TI  - The electrocardiogram in familial periodic paralysis.

PMID- 18149972
TI  - Complete heart block complicating pregnancy.

PMID- 18149973
TI  - Contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic cor pulmonale; report of a case with
      multiple aneurysms, intravascular bands, and old massive thrombosis of the
      pulmonary artery.

PMID- 18149974
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149975
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149976
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149977
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149978
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149979
TI  - A method of treatment of obliterating endarteriitis, with trophic lesions, in the
      extremities; the eutrophic effect of niacin derivatives.

PMID- 18149980
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149981
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149982
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149983
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149984
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18149985
TI  - Growth studies on Tetrahymena geleii H.

PMID- 18149986
TI  - Studies on proteins from bovine colostrum; the homologous and heterologous
      transfer of ingested protein to the blood stream of the young animal.

PMID- 18149987
TI  - Preparation of cystine from radioactive sulfur.

PMID- 18149988
TI  - Radioactive Lcystine and D-methionine; a study of the resolution of radioactive
      racemates by isotopic dilution.

PMID- 18149989
TI  - Studies on cholinesterase; kinetics of the inhibition of acetylcholine esterase.

PMID- 18149990
TI  - Phosphoglucomutase; purification and properties.

PMID- 18149991
TI  - Phosphoglucomutase; mechanism of action.

PMID- 18149992
TI  - Accumulation of labile phosphate in Staphylococcus aureus grown in the presence
      of penicillin.

PMID- 18149993
TI  - Isolation of some crystalline yellow peptides from enzymic digests of
      dinitrophenyl insulin and dinitrophenyl trypsinogen.

PMID- 18149994
TI  - Metabolism of dehydroisoandrosterone in a woman before and after removal of an
      adrenocortical tumor.

PMID- 18149995
TI  - The veratrine alkaloids; the structure of rubijervine.

PMID- 18149996
TI  - Inhibition of the enzymic oxidation of xanthine and xanthopterin by pteridines.

PMID- 18149997
TI  - Thermal coagulation of serum proteins; the effects of iodoacetate, iodoacetamide,
      and thiol compounds on coagulation.

PMID- 18149998
TI  - The molecular size and shape of the pancreatic proteases; sedimentation studies
      on chymotrypsinogen and on alpha- and gamma-chymotrypsin.

PMID- 18149999
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150000
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150001
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150002
TI  - The kinetics of the amidase and esterase activities of trypsin.

PMID- 18150003
TI  - The metabolism of C14-labeled glucose by the rat diaphragm in vitro.

PMID- 18150004
TI  - The incorporation of labeled lysine into the proteins of guinea pig liver
      homogenate.

PMID- 18150005
TI  - A peptide fraction in liver.

PMID- 18150006
TI  - Metabolic functions of biotin; the role of biotin in bicarbonate utilization by
      Lactobacillus arabinosus studied with C14.

PMID- 18150007
TI  - Metabolic functions of biotin; the fixation of carbon dioxide by normal and
      biotin-deficient rats.

PMID- 18150008
TI  - Photometric measurement of plasma pH.

PMID- 18150009
TI  - Photometric measurement of urine pH.

PMID- 18150010
TI  - Preparation of ribonucleosides from small amounts of ribonucleic acid.

PMID- 18150011
TI  - The use of isotopic carbon in a study of the metabolism of anthranilic acid in
      Neurospora.

PMID- 18150012
TI  - Carnosinase; an enzyme of swine kidney.

PMID- 18150013
TI  - The chemical nature and mode of action of pancreatic carboxypeptidase.

PMID- 18150014
TI  - Papain resolution of dl-tryptophan; optical specificity of carboxypeptidase.

PMID- 18150015
TI  - The effect of thyroid activity on certain anabolic processes studied with the aid
      of deuterium.

PMID- 18150016
TI  - Studies on the cyclophorase system; D-aspartic oxidase.

PMID- 18150017
TI  - The metabolism of acetone by surviving rat liver.

PMID- 18150018
TI  - Electron microscopy of fibrinogen and fibrin.

PMID- 18150019
TI  - A colorimetric method for the determination of peroxidase in plant material.

PMID- 18150020
TI  - A colorimetric method for the determination of cytochrome oxidase.

PMID- 18150021
TI  - Protection of glycolysis in mouse brain homogenates by amides and esters of amino
      acids.

PMID- 18150022
TI  - Microestimation of alpha-amino acids with peri-naphthindan-2,3,4-trione hydrate.

PMID- 18150023
TI  - Direct utilization of maltose by Escherichia coli.

PMID- 18150024
TI  - The utilization of D-glutamic acid by Lactobacillus arabinosus 175.

PMID- 18150025
TI  - Action pattern of crystalline muscle phosphorylase.

PMID- 18150026
TI  - Oxidation of fatty acids and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates by isolated
      rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 18150027
TI  - Ultracentrifugal studies of lipoproteins of human serum.

PMID- 18150028
TI  - Chromatography of purines and pyrimidines on starch columns.

PMID- 18150029
TI  - An isotopic study of porphyrin and hemoglobin metabolism in a case of porphyria.

PMID- 18150030
TI  - The action of insulin on the distribution of galactose in eviscerated
      nephrectomized dogs.

PMID- 18150031
TI  - Radiocolloidal behavior of some fission products.

PMID- 18150032
TI  - Pulse height distribution analyzer.

PMID- 18150033
TI  - Clinical approach to orthodontic therapy.

PMID- 18150034
TI  - A professional man's approach to public relations.

PMID- 18150035
TI  - The past year in dental research.

PMID- 18150036
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150037
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150039
TI  - Water fluorination proves its value.

PMID- 18150038
TI  - The use of cast platinum and baked porcelain in dental restorations.

PMID- 18150040
TI  - The accuracy and practical value of records of condyle path inclination.

PMID- 18150041
TI  - The field of research in dentistry.

PMID- 18150042
TI  - Temperature and humidity control with silicate cement restorations.

PMID- 18150043
TI  - Dental caries data obtained by simplified method and correlated with fluorine
      data in four Wyoming cities.

PMID- 18150044
TI  - Public dental health programs in Switzerland.

PMID- 18150045
TI  - Relation between caries experience and poliomyelitis in Minneapolis school
      children, 1946 epidemic.

PMID- 18150046
TI  - Dental prosthesis is definitely the responsibility of the dentist.

PMID- 18150047
TI  - Ten musts in planning for dental health.

PMID- 18150049
TI  - Fracture of the mandible; report of a case.

PMID- 18150048
TI  - Multiple impactions; a case report.

PMID- 18150050
TI  - Periodontal aspects of partial denture design.

PMID- 18150051
TI  - Surface active agents in dental therapeutics.

PMID- 18150052
TI  - Administration of the dental health program by the State Education Department.

PMID- 18150053
TI  - Alpha and beta amylase.

PMID- 18150054
TI  - [Maxillofacial surgery in Latin America; debriefing].

PMID- 18150055
TI  - [Orthodontics and periodontitis].

PMID- 18150056
TI  - [Harmfulness of toothbrushes today].

PMID- 18150057
TI  - [Tuberculous glossodynia; pathogenetic study and treatment].

PMID- 18150058
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150059
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150060
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150061
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150062
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150063
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150065
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150064
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150066
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150067
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150068
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150069
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150070
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150071
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150072
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150073
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150074
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150075
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150076
TI  - The new ointment bases of the British Pharmocopoeia, 1948.

PMID- 18150077
TI  - A clinical study of eczema of the nipple and areola, and its treatment with
      oestrogenic hormone.

PMID- 18150078
TI  - An effective approach in the treatment of acne.

PMID- 18150079
TI  - A reducing substance in the urine of patients receiving sodium para
      aminobenzoate.

PMID- 18150080
TI  - Inhibition of itchy skin with tetraethylammonium.

PMID- 18150081
TI  - Quality, intensity and field distribution of radiation emitted from a new type of
      low voltage roentgen therapy tube.

PMID- 18150082
TI  - Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn; certain etiologic considerations.

PMID- 18150083
TI  - The combined effect of sulfanilamide and penicillin in treatment of experimental
      Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection of mice.

PMID- 18150084
TI  - Local injections of a preparation of hyaluronidase in the treatment of mucinous
      infiltration of the skin.

PMID- 18150085
TI  - Local injections of a preparation of hyaluronidase in the treatment of localized
      (pretibial) myxedema.

PMID- 18150086
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150087
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150088
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150089
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150090
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150091
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150092
TI  - The secretion test of pancreatic function and its use in steatorrhoea.

PMID- 18150093
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150094
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150095
TI  - Hormonal effects on the nucleic acid and phospholipid turnover of rat liver and
      thymus.

PMID- 18150096
TI  - A modified Pettenkofer reaction for the quantitative estimation of
      dehydroisoandrosterone and its application to analysis of urinary extracts and
      fractionations.

PMID- 18150097
TI  - The relative growth of the thyroid gland in the bovine fetus.

PMID- 18150098
TI  - The accumulation of thyroxine-like and other iodine compounds in the fetal bovine
      thyroid.

PMID- 18150099
TI  - Relationships of diet to the duration of survival, body weight and composition of
      hypophysectomized rats.

PMID- 18150100
TI  - Mode of action of oestrogens on the corpus luteum.

PMID- 18150101
TI  - Quantitative bio-assay of chorionic gonadotrophin with the male frog.

PMID- 18150102
TI  - Comparative activity of thiouracil and other antithyroid compounds in the rhesus
      monkey.

PMID- 18150103
TI  - A note on epithelial metaplasia in the male genital tract.

PMID- 18150104
TI  - A new reagent for the histochemical demonstration of active carbonyl groups; a
      new method for staining ketonic steroids.

PMID- 18150105
TI  - A new reagent for the histochemical demonstration of active carbonyl groups; the
      preparation of 2-hydroxynaphthalene carboxylic and sulfonic acid hydrazides.

PMID- 18150106
TI  - 1-Methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole; an antithyroid compound highly active in man.

PMID- 18150107
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150108
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150110
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150109
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150111
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150112
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150113
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150115
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150114
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150116
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150117
TI  - The physiology of lactation.

PMID- 18150118
TI  - Old age as a social problem.

PMID- 18150119
TI  - Skill and age.

PMID- 18150120
TI  - Technique and economic organisation among primitive peoples.

PMID- 18150122
TI  - Problems of old age.

PMID- 18150121
TI  - Non-linear vibrations.

PMID- 18150123
TI  - The structure of insulin.

PMID- 18150124
TI  - Decimal counters and Greenwich mean time.

PMID- 18150125
TI  - The film in scientific research.

PMID- 18150126
TI  - The scientific film in international life.

PMID- 18150127
TI  - The application of insecticides by aircraft to the control of tsetse flies in
      South Africa.

PMID- 18150128
TI  - Studies of lighting and seeing for the student at home.

PMID- 18150129
TI  - Correction of light-sensitive cells for angle of incidence and spectral quality
      of light.

PMID- 18150130
TI  - Concrete as a protective barrier for gamma rays from radium.

PMID- 18150131
TI  - Transient vibration in an airplane wing obtained by several methods.

PMID- 18150132
TI  - Improved single-unit Schiefer abrasion testing machine.

PMID- 18150133
TI  - The neolithic problem in the prehistory of India.

PMID- 18150134
TI  - Soviet genetics; the real issue.

PMID- 18150135
TI  - Structure of the sperm-nests in the oviduct of the domestic hen.

PMID- 18150136
TI  - Tubular factors in the development of extra-renal azotaemia.

PMID- 18150137
TI  - The resolution/brightness/contrast sensitivity of the eye in certain forms of
      picture reproduction.

PMID- 18150138
TI  - A saline agglutinating Kell antibody.

PMID- 18150139
TI  - D.D.T. resistance in houseflies in Denmark.

PMID- 18150140
TI  - Effects of light intensity and day-length on reproduction in the English sparrow.

PMID- 18150141
TI  - National health insurance.

PMID- 18150142
TI  - Muscle research.

PMID- 18150143
TI  - The social amoebae.

PMID- 18150144
TI  - Walpurgis week in the Soviet Union.

PMID- 18150145
TI  - Aerosols.

PMID- 18150146
TI  - Exploring the ozonosphere.

PMID- 18150147
TI  - New optical glasses.

PMID- 18150149
TI  - The zone of activity of antibodies as determined by the use of radioactive
      tracers.

PMID- 18150148
TI  - The treatment of human thyroid disease with radioactive iodine.

PMID- 18150150
TI  - The anti-borrelia effect of borrelidin.

PMID- 18150151
TI  - Enhancement of penicillin activity by borrelidin.

PMID- 18150152
TI  - Precision colorimetry.

PMID- 18150153
TI  - [Clinical considerations on the possible functional independence of the two
      uterine horns in double uteri].

PMID- 18150154
TI  - [Contribution to the study of the manifestations of Nicolas and Favre disease in
      gynecology].

PMID- 18150155
TI  - [Final three years of activity at the School of Midwifery in Vercelli and
      adjoining hospice ward, 1945-1948].

PMID- 18150156
TI  - The clinical association of macrocytic anemia with intestinal stricture and
      anastomosis.

PMID- 18150157
TI  - The experimental production of macrocytic anemia by operations of the intestinal
      tract.

PMID- 18150158
TI  - The blood counts of the adult albino rat.

PMID- 18150159
TI  - Observations on the effect of an animal protein factor concentrate on persons
      with the macrocytic anemia of pernicious anemia, of nutritional macrocytic anemia
      and of sprue, and on persons with nutritional glossitis.

PMID- 18150160
TI  - Pernicious anemia and related anemias treated with vitamin B12.

PMID- 18150161
TI  - The effect of various anticoagulants on the specific gravity of blood and of
      plasma, and on the hematocrit.

PMID- 18150162
TI  - The Kell-Cellano (K-k) genetic system of human blood factors.

PMID- 18150163
TI  - Buying and reception of goods.

PMID- 18150164
TI  - Pest control.

PMID- 18150165
TI  - The working of joint consultative committees.

PMID- 18150166
TI  - Problems of group administration; a sanatoria group.

PMID- 18150167
TI  - The costs system.

PMID- 18150168
TI  - TELEVISION an aid to teaching surgery.

PMID- 18150169
TI  - Malaria control progress and problems.

PMID- 18150170
TI  - The identification and distribution of Chinese anopheline mosquitoes.

PMID- 18150172
TI  - Anopheles quadrimaculatus activity patterns in the laboratory on untreated and
      DDT-treated surfaces.

PMID- 18150171
TI  - Laboratory studies on the resistance of Anopheles quadrimaculatus to DDT and
      other insecticides.

PMID- 18150173
TI  - Seasonal history of Anopheles quadrimaculatus in the Tennessee Valley.

PMID- 18150174
TI  - Overwintering of Anopheles crucians Wied. in south Carolina.

PMID- 18150175
TI  - The natural occurrence of antithyroid compounds as a cause of simple goiter.

PMID- 18150176
TI  - Clinical angiocardiography; a critical analysis of the indications and findings.

PMID- 18150177
TI  - Polimyelitis; early diagnosis and early management of acute cases.

PMID- 18150178
TI  - Syncope; a review.

PMID- 18150180
TI  - Therapeutic possibilities of para-amino-benzoic acid.

PMID- 18150179
TI  - Comparative studies on the iodine absorption of anayodin, chiniofon, diodoquin,
      and vioform in man.

PMID- 18150181
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150182
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150183
TI  - Relapsing tertian malaria; diagnosis and therapy.

PMID- 18150184
TI  - Vaginal anus in a patient having two normal deliveries.

PMID- 18150185
TI  - Observations on primary coccidioidomycosis.

PMID- 18150186
TI  - Hypersplenism; two cases with leg ulcers treated by splenectomy.

PMID- 18150187
TI  - A case of cystic fibrosis of the pancreas associated with chronic pulmonary
      disease and cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 18150188
TI  - Paralysis due to reduced serum potassium concentration during treatment of
      diabetic acidosis; report of case treated with 33 grams of potassium chloride
      intravenously.

PMID- 18150189
TI  - Sporotrichosis, a protean disease; with report of a disseminated subcutaneous
      gummatous case of the disease.

PMID- 18150190
TI  - The treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis with penicillin and sodium
      paraaminohippurate by continuous intravenous drip.

PMID- 18150192
TI  - Psychotherapy in peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18150191
TI  - Insulin and weight gain in paraplegia.

PMID- 18150193
TI  - Colon surgery; a review.

PMID- 18150194
TI  - The surgically traumatized ureter; surgeon's viewpoint.

PMID- 18150195
TI  - Industrial aspects and management of craniocerebral injuries.

PMID- 18150196
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150197
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150198
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150200
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150199
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150201
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150202
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150203
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150204
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150205
TI  - The spleen and splenectomy.

PMID- 18150206
TI  - Steatorrhoea and glossitis after ileocolostomy; effect of synthetic vitamins of B
      complex, autolysed yeast, and liver extract.

PMID- 18150207
TI  - The prognosis of certain hysterical symptoms.

PMID- 18150208
TI  - Streptomycin in finger infections.

PMID- 18150209
TI  - Perforated gastric ulcer associated with subcapsular haemorrhage of spleen.

PMID- 18150210
TI  - A new surgical suction pump.

PMID- 18150211
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150212
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150213
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150214
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150215
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150216
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150217
TI  - Post cholecystectomy symptoms.

PMID- 18150218
TI  - Subacute bacterial endocarditis treated with penicillin.

PMID- 18150219
TI  - Intravenous procaine; an evaluation of its use in therapy.

PMID- 18150220
TI  - Congenital absence of uterus and vagina; case report.

PMID- 18150221
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150222
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150223
TI  - Chemotherapy of lymphoma and leukemia.

PMID- 18150225
TI  - Clinical applications of radioactive materials.

PMID- 18150224
TI  - Clinical and psychologic aspects of cardiospasm.

PMID- 18150226
TI  - The relationship of anomalies of the crystalline lens to general medicine.

PMID- 18150227
TI  - Thrombosis in the arteriosclerotic limb.

PMID- 18150228
TI  - Uterine retrodisplacements and their management.

PMID- 18150229
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150230
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150231
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150232
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150233
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150234
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150235
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150236
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150237
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150238
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150239
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150240
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150242
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150241
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150243
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150244
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150245
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150246
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150247
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150249
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150248
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150250
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150251
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150252
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150253
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150254
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150255
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150256
TI  - Clinical results of the use of a long intestinal tube of improved design.

PMID- 18150257
TI  - Rehabilitation of the amputee.

PMID- 18150258
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150259
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150260
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150261
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150262
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150263
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150264
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150265
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150266
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150267
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150268
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150270
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150269
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150271
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150272
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150273
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150274
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150275
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150276
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150277
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150278
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150279
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150280
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150281
TI  - Racial incidence of mental disease in Hawaii.

PMID- 18150282
TI  - The cytologic diagnosis of cancer by the smear technic; technical methods.

PMID- 18150283
TI  - Paratyphoid a fever; first proven case in Hawaii.

PMID- 18150284
TI  - Pathology of icterus.

PMID- 18150285
TI  - Liver function tests.

PMID- 18150286
TI  - The pathology of diarrhoea and enteritis in children under 2 years of age.

PMID- 18150287
TI  - The anatomy of the human bronchial tree and pulmonary blood vessels.

PMID- 18150288
TI  - Therapeutic criteria in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18150290
TI  - Present position of radiotherapy in medical practice.

PMID- 18150289
TI  - Diethylstilbestrol in mumps orchitis; prophylactic and therapeutic use.

PMID- 18150291
TI  - Estimation of urinary sodium; a simple test for patients on low sodium diets.

PMID- 18150292
TI  - Some effects of myanesin in psychiatric patients.

PMID- 18150293
TI  - The detection of early cancer by means of periodic examination.

PMID- 18150294
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150295
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150296
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150297
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150298
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150299
TI  - Nutrition and bone disease.

PMID- 18150300
TI  - Torula meningo-encephalitis.

PMID- 18150301
TI  - Morphologic effects of stilbamidine; report of autopsies in three
      stilbamidinetreated cases.

PMID- 18150302
TI  - Insulin resistance; case report.

PMID- 18150304
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150303
TI  - Nucleic acid depolymerization in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 18150305
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150306
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150307
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150308
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150309
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150310
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150311
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150312
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150313
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150314
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150315
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150316
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150317
TI  - Feeding of premature babies.

PMID- 18150318
TI  - Testicular pain; its significance and localisation.

PMID- 18150319
TI  - Sudden death from tetraethylammonium bromide.

PMID- 18150320
TI  - Acute jejunitis; report of a case.

PMID- 18150321
TI  - Modification of Gordh's needle for repeated intravenous injections.

PMID- 18150322
TI  - The chronic sick under new management; experiences in starting a geriatric unit.

PMID- 18150323
TI  - Social medicine in the universities.

PMID- 18150324
TI  - The relation between the nutritional status of children and their food
      consumption.

PMID- 18150325
TI  - Medical sequelae of brain injury; a clinico-pathological study.

PMID- 18150326
TI  - Nutritional disease of the liver.

PMID- 18150327
TI  - An account of, and conclusions drawn from, 50 cases of anaesthesia with d
      tubocurarine chloride adjuvant.

PMID- 18150328
TI  - A case of temporal arteritis.

PMID- 18150329
TI  - The native in relation to the public health.

PMID- 18150330
TI  - Hyperkinetic or over-active babies.

PMID- 18150331
TI  - The making of abdominal incisions.

PMID- 18150332
TI  - The treatment of disseminated sclerosis by prolonged lowering of the blood
      prothrombin level.

PMID- 18150333
TI  - Cooley's anaemia; report of a case.

PMID- 18150334
TI  - Antibiotics in Australian plants and fungi.

PMID- 18150335
TI  - Streptomycin, polymyxin and chloromycetin.

PMID- 18150336
TI  - Recent developments in urology.

PMID- 18150337
TI  - Unusual complications of femoral hernia.

PMID- 18150338
TI  - The modern treatment of depression.

PMID- 18150339
TI  - Some dermatological hazards in the mining industry.

PMID- 18150340
TI  - Chest radiography; the clinical aspect.

PMID- 18150341
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150342
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150343
TI  - The investigation of photo-radiographic pick-up cases.

PMID- 18150344
TI  - Addison's disease.

PMID- 18150345
TI  - Haematuria as a symptom of acute appendicitis.

PMID- 18150346
TI  - Two cases of Bornholm's disease.

PMID- 18150347
TI  - ALLERGY with selected manifestations.

PMID- 18150348
TI  - Spanish psychiatry during the last decade.

PMID- 18150349
TI  - The Bellevue method for the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 18150350
TI  - Evolution of some physiological concepts.

PMID- 18150351
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150352
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150353
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150354
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150355
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150356
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150357
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150359
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150358
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150360
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150361
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150362
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150363
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150364
TI  - The etiology of rheumatic fever; a review of theories and evidence.

PMID- 18150365
TI  - Pulmonary insufficiency; a study of 122 cases of chronic pulmonary emphysema.

PMID- 18150366
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150367
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150368
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150369
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150370
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150371
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150372
TI  - Esophageal atresia with tracheosophageal fistula; epidemiologic and teratologic
      implications.

PMID- 18150373
TI  - Death due to cardiac disease following the use of emetine hydrochloride in
      conditioned-reflex treatment of chronic alcoholism.

PMID- 18150374
TI  - Medical care for the American people; is compulsory health insurance the
      solution?

PMID- 18150375
TI  - Practical aspects of better medical care.

PMID- 18150376
TI  - Psychosurgery.

PMID- 18150377
TI  - Polycythemia vera.

PMID- 18150378
TI  - Psychiatric treatment in psychosomatic illnesses.

PMID- 18150379
TI  - A comparative study of Loffler's and Weingarten's syndromes.

PMID- 18150380
TI  - Leprosy in its relation to the practicing physician.

PMID- 18150381
TI  - Interstitial pregnancy with perforation and intra-abdominal hemorrhage.

PMID- 18150382
TI  - Carcinoma of the female urethra.

PMID- 18150383
TI  - Allergic epilepsy.

PMID- 18150384
TI  - The diagnosis of the commoner parasitic diseases.

PMID- 18150385
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150387
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150386
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150388
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150389
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150390
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150392
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150391
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150393
TI  - [Pathogenesis and prophylaxis of gastric cancer].

PMID- 18150394
TI  - [Determination of the cardiac output and the blood volume in the lungs and in the
      right and left heart by means of colour dilution curves].

PMID- 18150395
TI  - [Electrocardiographic effects of tobacco smoking].

PMID- 18150396
TI  - [Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta].

PMID- 18150397
TI  - [Fatal benign lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 18150398
TI  - [Pronounced eosinophilia in a child].

PMID- 18150399
TI  - [Sedimentation reaction in normal aged persons].

PMID- 18150400
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150401
TI  - [Medicine in industry].

PMID- 18150402
TI  - [Occupational diseases, some topical aspects].

PMID- 18150404
TI  - [Some experiences of health control in industry].

PMID- 18150403
TI  - [How to deal with cases of occupational diseases in relation to the Insurance
      Act].

PMID- 18150405
TI  - [Types of occupational dermatosis].

PMID- 18150406
TI  - [Vanadium pentoxide poisoning].

PMID- 18150407
TI  - [Treatment of verrucae plantares].

PMID- 18150408
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150409
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150410
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150411
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150412
TI  - [X-ray treatment of carcinoma of the cervix].

PMID- 18150413
TI  - [Spinal cord bifurcation in cases of spina bifida].

PMID- 18150414
TI  - SUCTION socket above-knee artificial leg.

PMID- 18150415
TI  - The use of kirksite for metal forming.

PMID- 18150416
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150417
TI  - Ricerche sulla frequenza della microcitemia in Sicilia.

PMID- 18150418
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150419
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150420
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150421
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150423
TI  - [Clinical treatment of dermatosis with Ciba-antistine].

PMID- 18150422
TI  - [Generalized tuberculosis of the lymphatic glands].

PMID- 18150424
TI  - [Influence of penicillin on the production of haemotoxin by Clostridium
      perfringens type A].

PMID- 18150425
TI  - [Toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 18150426
TI  - [Blue sclera syndrome].

PMID- 18150427
TI  - [Thallium poisoning].

PMID- 18150428
TI  - [Reactions of the organisms to the climate of the low sites of highlands].

PMID- 18150430
TI  - [Duplay's sundrome].

PMID- 18150431
TI  - [Foreign bodies in the thorax and their significance in sports].

PMID- 18150429
TI  - [Surgery of prostata, urethra and the testis].

PMID- 18150432
TI  - [Injuries caused by the shuttle in textile industry].

PMID- 18150433
TI  - [Pediatric surgery in France].

PMID- 18150434
TI  - Crohn's disease.

PMID- 18150435
TI  - The clinical value of X-ray pelvimetry.

PMID- 18150436
TI  - The results of partial gastrectomy; a review of the follow-up of 180 cases of
      partial gastrectomy for peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18150437
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150438
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150439
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150440
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150441
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150442
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150443
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150444
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150445
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150446
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150447
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150448
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150449
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150450
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150451
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150452
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150453
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150454
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150455
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150457
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150456
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150458
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150459
TI  - Aureomycin in the treatment of penicillin-resistant staphylococcic bacteremia.

PMID- 18150460
TI  - Pathology of intrapulmonary arteries and arterioles in mitral stenosis.

PMID- 18150461
TI  - Congenital atresia of the esophagus with tracheo-esophageal fistula treated by
      primary esophageal anastomosis; report of eight cases.

PMID- 18150462
TI  - Senile hyaline scleral plaques; report of three cases.

PMID- 18150463
TI  - Streptomycin treatment of ozena.

PMID- 18150464
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150465
TI  - The radioisotopes in medicine.

PMID- 18150466
TI  - An appraisal of the developmental deformities in cleft-palate and cleft-lip
      individuals.

PMID- 18150467
TI  - Axon branching in nerve regeneration and its trophic effect on muscle.

PMID- 18150468
TI  - Work at high altitude; utilization of thiamin and riboflavin at low and high
      dietary intake; effect of work and rest.

PMID- 18150469
TI  - Fecal excretion of nutrients in impaired absorption; an analysis of available
      quantitative data.

PMID- 18150470
TI  - Medical television.

PMID- 18150471
TI  - The heating of human and animal tissues by means of high frequency current of 12
      cms. wavelength (the microtherm).

PMID- 18150472
TI  - The most common dermatoses in clinical practice.

PMID- 18150473
TI  - Sickness and health in Spoon River.

PMID- 18150474
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150475
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150476
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150477
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150478
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150479
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150480
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150481
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150482
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150483
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150484
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150485
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150486
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150487
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150488
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150489
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150490
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150491
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150492
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150493
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150494
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150495
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150496
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150497
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150498
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150499
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150500
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150501
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150502
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150503
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150504
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150506
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150505
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150507
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150508
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150509
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150510
TI  - The increase in weight during infancy after BCG vaccination especially during the
      first 3 months of age.

PMID- 18150511
TI  - Studies on gastric achylia with special regard to neutral red excretion.

PMID- 18150512
TI  - The fate of an intraneural injection as demonstrated by the use of radio-active
      phosphorus.

PMID- 18150513
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150514
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150515
TI  - Shadwell laryngoscope in treatment of asphyxia neonatorum.

PMID- 18150516
TI  - The bovine cervical thymus and its involution.

PMID- 18150517
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150518
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150519
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150520
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150521
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150522
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150523
TI  - Salesmanship and military preventive medicine.

PMID- 18150524
TI  - Frozen foods in the tropics.

PMID- 18150525
TI  - Hospital administration courses in the United States Army.

PMID- 18150526
TI  - Neuropsychiatric nursing.

PMID- 18150527
TI  - Graduate educational program for Army Nurse Corps.

PMID- 18150528
TI  - Rapid test for serum protein alterations.

PMID- 18150529
TI  - Experience with spinal anesthesia in obstetrics.

PMID- 18150530
TI  - Plastic web reconstruction for soft corn of fourth interspace.

PMID- 18150531
TI  - Scoliosis with paraplegia.

PMID- 18150532
TI  - Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia; Albright's syndrome; a review of the literature
      and report of four male cases, two of which were associated with precocious
      puberty.

PMID- 18150533
TI  - Types of displacement in fractures of the femoral neck and observations on
      impaction of fractures.

PMID- 18150534
TI  - The treatment of trochanteric fractures of the femur.

PMID- 18150535
TI  - Bone concavity caused by a ganglion.

PMID- 18150536
TI  - Ischio-femoral arthrodesis of the hip by posterior open approach.

PMID- 18150537
TI  - Neurofibroma of the sole in a case of von Recklinghausen's disease.

PMID- 18150538
TI  - The pathology of osteoclastoma or giant-cell tumour of bone.

PMID- 18150539
TI  - Osteoclastoma; a study of 38 cases.

PMID- 18150541
TI  - Chondro-osteo-dystrophy, Morquio-Brailsford type.

PMID- 18150540
TI  - Treatment of osteoclastoma by radiation.

PMID- 18150542
TI  - Gargoylism.

PMID- 18150543
TI  - Orthopaedic surgery in the 16. and 17. centuries; traction apparatus; the vidian
      pictures.

PMID- 18150544
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150545
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150546
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150547
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150548
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150549
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150550
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150551
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150552
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150554
TI  - Psychiatry in the criminal courts.

PMID- 18150553
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150555
TI  - The tasks of psychiatry.

PMID- 18150556
TI  - The long-term results of injuries of the head; a medical, economical and
      sociological survey.

PMID- 18150557
TI  - The test performance of the encephalopathic.

PMID- 18150558
TI  - Birth injury as a cause of mental defect; the statistical problem.

PMID- 18150559
TI  - A case of hystero-epilepsy successfully treated by deep analytic psychotherapy.

PMID- 18150560
TI  - Clinico-anatomical studies of frontal lobe function based on leucotomy material.

PMID- 18150561
TI  - The effect of leucotomy on creative ability.

PMID- 18150562
TI  - Preliminary report of changes after prefrontal leucotomy.

PMID- 18150563
TI  - The dual personality of Philip Heseltine.

PMID- 18150564
TI  - The electroencephalogram after head injury.

PMID- 18150565
TI  - Varieties of electrical shock therapy.

PMID- 18150566
TI  - Heredofamilial cerebellar ataxia with spastic paralysis and spinal muscular
      atrophy; report of two cases of an unusual syndrome.

PMID- 18150567
TI  - Auditory hallucinations and subvocal speech; objective study in a case of
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 18150569
TI  - Management of neurosyphilis.

PMID- 18150568
TI  - The infusion of fluids into the subarachnoid space of human beings.

PMID- 18150570
TI  - The physiological effects of anesthesia.

PMID- 18150571
TI  - Nursing in India and Pakistan.

PMID- 18150572
TI  - The nurse and spontaneous recovery in schizophrenia.

PMID- 18150574
TI  - Minor disorders in infancy.

PMID- 18150573
TI  - Nursing care in corneal ulcer.

PMID- 18150575
TI  - Colostomy in a child.

PMID- 18150576
TI  - New procedures in gynecological nursing.

PMID- 18150577
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150578
TI  - Kwakzalverij.

PMID- 18150579
TI  - Modern trends in nurse training and nursing practice.

PMID- 18150580
TI  - The snake pit; controversial American film on mental hospital life.

PMID- 18150581
TI  - Anxiety psychoneurosis.

PMID- 18150582
TI  - Pulmonary tuberculosis treated by chemotherapy.

PMID- 18150583
TI  - Ultraviolet irradiation of beef and pork for low temperature storage.

PMID- 18150584
TI  - Some effects on swelling power of wheat starch of Soxhlet extraction with
      methanol and composition of the cooking liquid.

PMID- 18150585
TI  - Rapid determination of collagen in beef by Waring blendor and centrifuge
      technique.

PMID- 18150586
TI  - Solubility of oxygen in solutions of various sugars.

PMID- 18150587
TI  - Effect of sugars on conversion of dehydro ascorbic acid.

PMID- 18150588
TI  - Cooking losses, tenderness, palatability, and thiamine and riboflavin content of
      beef as affected by roasting, pressure saucepan cooking, and broiling.

PMID- 18150589
TI  - Cracked ice and preservation of stored fruits and vegetables.

PMID- 18150590
TI  - An improved microscopic method of examining fatty foods.

PMID- 18150591
TI  - Effect of freezing and freezer storage on the ascorbic acid content of muskmelon,
      grapefruit sections, and strawberry puree.

PMID- 18150592
TI  - Thermal processing of canned foods in tin containers; effect of retorting
      procedures on sterilization values in canned foods.

PMID- 18150593
TI  - Stability of color in fruit juices.

PMID- 18150594
TI  - The utilization of lactose by the mature fowl.

PMID- 18150595
TI  - Vitamin B6 deficiency in the Syrian hamster.

PMID- 18150596
TI  - Urinary excretion of amino acids and peptides by dogs fed protein hydrolysates of
      amino acids.

PMID- 18150597
TI  - The effect of fat on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in normal growing rats
      under a normal dietary regime.

PMID- 18150598
TI  - Purified amino acids as a source of nitrogen for the growing rat.

PMID- 18150599
TI  - The choline requirement of the baby pig.

PMID- 18150600
TI  - The biological value of corn and wheat proteins in the male infant, with a note
      on the utilization of D-tryptophan.

PMID- 18150601
TI  - The availability of vitamins from yeasts; differences in the influence of live
      yeast on the absorption of pure thiamine hydrochloride, pure riboflavin and
      nitrogen by human subjects, and the effect of distribution of the vitamin doses.

PMID- 18150602
TI  - The distribution of thiamine in the embryonated hen egg; the content of the whole
      embryo.

PMID- 18150603
TI  - The influence of high levels of fat with suboptimum levels of riboflavin on the
      growth of chicks.

PMID- 18150604
TI  - Effect of fat in the diet of rats on their growth and their excretion of amino
      acids.

PMID- 18150605
TI  - The distribution of thiamine in the embryonated hen egg; the content of embryonic
      tissues.

PMID- 18150606
TI  - Surgical treatment of tumors and cysts of the orbit.

PMID- 18150607
TI  - The effect of retrobulbar alcohol injection on the eyes of experimental animals.

PMID- 18150608
TI  - Histopathology of interstitial keratitis due to congenital syphilis.

PMID- 18150609
TI  - Streptomycin in clinical ophthalmology.

PMID- 18150610
TI  - Fundus lesions in tuberculous meningitis and miliary pulmonary tuberculosis
      treated with streptomycin (transl.).

PMID- 18150611
TI  - Removal of intraocular nonmagnetic foreign bodies; with a report of six cases.

PMID- 18150612
TI  - Evaluation of aniseikonic case reports.

PMID- 18150614
TI  - Refraction clinic.

PMID- 18150613
TI  - Alnico-5 permanent hand magnet for the removal of magnetic intraocular foreign
      bodies.

PMID- 18150615
TI  - Eyelash buried in clear lens substance.

PMID- 18150616
TI  - Monocular aphakia and exotropia corrected by contact lenses.

PMID- 18150617
TI  - Intraocular nonmagnetic foreign bodies.

PMID- 18150618
TI  - Cerebrovascular resistance and grade of hypertensive retinal findings.

PMID- 18150619
TI  - Exophthalmos and its surgical treatment.

PMID- 18150620
TI  - The effect of measuring driving ability.

PMID- 18150621
TI  - Role of allergy in the epidemiology of the common cold.

PMID- 18150622
TI  - Which is the preferable method of performing the caloric test?

PMID- 18150623
TI  - Benign cysts of the paranasal sinuses.

PMID- 18150624
TI  - Mixed tumor of the region of the head.

PMID- 18150625
TI  - Simplified penicillin nebulizer apparatus.

PMID- 18150626
TI  - Otosclerosis; an index of the literature, with abstracts, for 1947.

PMID- 18150628
TI  - The fenestration operation; early experience.

PMID- 18150627
TI  - Otogenic intracranial hypertension.

PMID- 18150629
TI  - A case of acute laryngo-tracheobronchitis.

PMID- 18150630
TI  - Contribution to the etiology, prevention and treatment of hemorrhages in the
      field of rhinolarygngology.

PMID- 18150631
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150632
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150633
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150634
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150635
TI  - Experimental ovarian tumors in rats.

PMID- 18150636
TI  - On the neurogenesis of so-called granular cell myoblastoma.

PMID- 18150637
TI  - The diffusely enlarged uterus.

PMID- 18150639
TI  - Epidermoid cyst of the spleen; report of a case.

PMID- 18150638
TI  - Observations on the occurrence of varices of the esophagus in routine autopsy
      material.

PMID- 18150640
TI  - Simulated homicide; report of a case of obstructive laryngeal papilloma in a
      child.

PMID- 18150642
TI  - Pulmonary adenomatosis of man; a review of the literature and a report of nine
      cases.

PMID- 18150641
TI  - Wound of recent operation; exploratory laparotomy and excision of portion of
      neoplasm of stomach for biopsy.

PMID- 18150643
TI  - The megakaryocyte; pseudothrombocytes.

PMID- 18150644
TI  - Adrenal pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 18150645
TI  - Effect of tripelennamine hydrochloride on burn shock.

PMID- 18150646
TI  - Meckel's diverticulum with aberrant pancreatic tissue and a polyp containing
      gastric glands.

PMID- 18150647
TI  - Ovomucin, a substrate for the enzyme of influenza virus; ovomucin as an inhibitor
      of haemagglutination by heated Lee virus.

PMID- 18150648
TI  - The application of paper partition chromatography to the production of diphtheria
      toxin; two-dimensional chromatography.

PMID- 18150649
TI  - Laterosporin A and laterosporin B, antibiotics produced by B. laterosporus.

PMID- 18150650
TI  - Antibiotics from Aspergilli.

PMID- 18150651
TI  - The nature of some antibiotics from Aspergilli.

PMID- 18150652
TI  - An antibiotic produced by Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 18150653
TI  - Electron-microscopical studies on the mechanism of lysis and the multiplication
      of bacteriophage of Bact. coli.

PMID- 18150654
TI  - Antibiotics from penicillia.

PMID- 18150655
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150656
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150657
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150658
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150659
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150660
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150661
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150662
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150663
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150664
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150665
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150666
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150667
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150668
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150669
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150670
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150672
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150671
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150673
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150674
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150675
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150676
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150677
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150678
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150679
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150680
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150681
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150682
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150683
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150684
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150685
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150686
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150687
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150688
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150689
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150690
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150691
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150692
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150693
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150694
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150695
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150696
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150697
TI  - Influence of various levels of thiamine intake on physiologic response; thiamine
      requirements and their implications.

PMID- 18150698
TI  - Leiomyoma of the iris; report of a case.

PMID- 18150699
TI  - The formation of the intra-ocular fluids; studies of the urea component of the
      aqueous humour.

PMID- 18150700
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150701
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150702
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150704
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150705
TI  - In vitro effects of metabolite displacers on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 18150706
TI  - The professional practice of pharmacy.

PMID- 18150707
TI  - Basic research progress in the field of dermatologic disorders.

PMID- 18150708
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150709
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150710
TI  - The pharmacology of seven malonyl guanidines.

PMID- 18150711
TI  - Observations on diethylene glycol poisoning in rats and cats.

PMID- 18150712
TI  - Nicotinolytic action of diethylaminoethylphenothiazine (2987 or diparcol).

PMID- 18150713
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150714
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150715
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150716
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150717
TI  - The action of diallylbarbituric acid and of scopolamine on the spinal reflexes of
      the decapitated, the decerebrated and the decorticated cat.

PMID- 18150718
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150719
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150720
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150721
TI  - Action and toxicity of methadone in various animals.

PMID- 18150722
TI  - The effect of beta-halogenated ethylamine derivatives on ventricular fibrillation
      and on the isolated heart.

PMID- 18150723
TI  - The influence of stilboestrol on the size of the adrenal glands.

PMID- 18150724
TI  - Influence of cardiac drugs on cholinesterase.

PMID- 18150725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150726
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150727
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150728
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150729
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150730
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150731
TI  - The antispasmodic action of basic nitriles.

PMID- 18150732
TI  - The effect of diethylaminoethyl ester of 1-phenylcyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid
      hydrochloride, parpanit, on decerebrate rigidity, spinal reflexes and skeletal
      muscle.

PMID- 18150733
TI  - Observations on the development of tolerance during prolonged oral administration
      of dihydroergocornine.

PMID- 18150734
TI  - The development of tolerance in rats to some new synthetic analgesics.

PMID- 18150735
TI  - Pharmacologic and toxicologic studies on diethyl aminoethyl ester of 1-phenyl
      cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, parpanit.

PMID- 18150736
TI  - Plasma neostigmine levels and cholinesterase inhibition in dogs and myasthenic
      patients.

PMID- 18150737
TI  - Influence of striated muscle activity on the lethal dose of k-strophanthoside.

PMID- 18150738
TI  - The failure of 2,3 dithiopropanol to affect acute, systemic uranium poisoning.

PMID- 18150739
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150741
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150740
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150742
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150743
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150744
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150745
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150746
TI  - Compressed tablets; standard dimensions.

PMID- 18150747
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150748
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150749
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150750
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150751
TI  - Lithium; its effect on human spermatozoa, rat testicular tissue and upon rats in
      vivo.

PMID- 18150752
TI  - Acetaldehyde metabolism and liver changes in dogs maintained on a purified diet.

PMID- 18150753
TI  - Effect of caloric restriction on the adrenal response of overiectomized C3H mice.

PMID- 18150754
TI  - Secretion of insulin and of a hyperglycemic substance studied by means of
      pancreatic-femoral cross-circulation experiments.

PMID- 18150755
TI  - Comparative effect of intravenous glucose and adrenalin on blood flow, oxygen
      utilization and glucose retention by hind leg tissues of anesthetized cats.

PMID- 18150756
TI  - Thyroid activity and resistance to histamine-induced peptic ulcer and to acute
      histamine poisoning.

PMID- 18150757
TI  - Control of liver regeneration and nucleic acid content by the thyroid, with
      observations on the effects of pyrimidines.

PMID- 18150758
TI  - Brain and plasma cations and experimental seizures in normal and
      desoxycorticosterone-treated rats.

PMID- 18150759
TI  - Effects of adrenalectomy and of adrenal cortical extract on desoxycorticosterone
      acetate-hypertension in the rat.

PMID- 18150760
TI  - Spread of excitation in the dog heart.

PMID- 18150761
TI  - Extracellular water content of the heart in dogs subjected to hemorrhagic shock
      measured with the radioactive isotope of sodium.

PMID- 18150762
TI  - Vasodepressor responses to morphine following hemorrhagic hypotension.

PMID- 18150763
TI  - Effect of altitude on respiratory flow patterns.

PMID- 18150764
TI  - A comparison of the respiratory activity and histological changes in isolated
      pancreatic tissue.

PMID- 18150765
TI  - Comparison of respiration and glycolysis in the brains of normal and febrile
      rabbits.

PMID- 18150766
TI  - Influence of antipyrine on respiration, glycolysis and cholinesterase activity in
      rat brain.

PMID- 18150767
TI  - Action of methyl fluoroacetate on respiration and potential of nerve.

PMID- 18150768
TI  - Respiratory function and blood flow in the bronchial artery after ligation of the
      pulmonary artery.

PMID- 18150769
TI  - Myenteric reflex.

PMID- 18150770
TI  - Handicapped children.

PMID- 18150771
TI  - The structure of the mind; a review of the results of factor analysis.

PMID- 18150772
TI  - Recall of completed and incompleted activities under varying degrees of stress.

PMID- 18150773
TI  - The relationship between the strength of a habit and the degree of drive present
      during acquisition.

PMID- 18150774
TI  - A study of motivating conditions necessary for secondary reinforcement.

PMID- 18150775
TI  - Loudness of speaking; the effect of heard stimuli on spoken responses.

PMID- 18150776
TI  - A note on the alternation of guesses.

PMID- 18150777
TI  - A further analysis of the variables in cyclical motor learning.

PMID- 18150778
TI  - Correction vs non-correction learning techniques as related to reminiscence in
      serial anticipation learning.

PMID- 18150779
TI  - Transfer to a motor skill from practice on a pictured representation.

PMID- 18150780
TI  - Spread of effect is the spurious result of non-random response tendencies.

PMID- 18150781
TI  - Multiplicity of set as a determinant of perceptual behavior.

PMID- 18150782
TI  - On the application of analysis of variance to GSR data; the selection of an
      appropriate measure.

PMID- 18150783
TI  - A further reduction of sensory factors in stereoscopic depth perception.

PMID- 18150784
TI  - Changes in the attractiveness of activities; the effect of expectation preceding
      performance.

PMID- 18150785
TI  - The experimental situation in psychical research.

PMID- 18150786
TI  - An automatic testing and recording device for experiments in extrasensory
      perception.

PMID- 18150787
TI  - Diagnostic problems in medical mycology.

PMID- 18150788
TI  - Histoplasmin sensitivity among cattle.

PMID- 18150789
TI  - Histoplasmin sensitivity and coccidioidal infection; occurrence of cross
      reaction.

PMID- 18150790
TI  - Isolation of the virus of Newcastle disease from human beings.

PMID- 18150791
TI  - The morbidity survey in public health work.

PMID- 18150793
TI  - The contribution of the survey method to epidemiology.

PMID- 18150792
TI  - A morbidity survey of the population.

PMID- 18150794
TI  - How processing affects nutritive values of grain foods.

PMID- 18150795
TI  - The possible significance of milk and water in the spread of virus infections.

PMID- 18150796
TI  - The dentist in the national program of cancer control.

PMID- 18150797
TI  - The industrial nurse as a health counselor in industry.

PMID- 18150798
TI  - Panel discussion on medical care.

PMID- 18150800
TI  - Bacteria on bank notes.

PMID- 18150799
TI  - Confusion and stupidity in nutrition education.

PMID- 18150801
TI  - Food ways of the young worker.

PMID- 18150802
TI  - Accidents in the home.

PMID- 18150803
TI  - A simple method for determining the streptomycin sensitivity of Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 18150804
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150805
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150806
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150807
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150808
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150809
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150810
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150811
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150812
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150814
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150813
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150815
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150816
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150817
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150818
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150819
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150820
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150821
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150822
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150823
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150824
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150825
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150826
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150827
TI  - Contra-indications of diagnostic X-ray investigations.

PMID- 18150828
TI  - Improvised dental cone.

PMID- 18150829
TI  - Note on the catheterization of the heart.

PMID- 18150830
TI  - NEW diagnostic tube.

PMID- 18150831
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150832
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150833
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150834
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150835
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150836
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150837
TI  - Prefrontal lobotomy in the management of intractable pain.

PMID- 18150838
TI  - Surgical management of instrumental perforation of the esophagus.

PMID- 18150839
TI  - Hemihepatectomy with hepaticojejunostomy for irreparable defects of the bile
      ducts.

PMID- 18150840
TI  - Gastrojejunocolic fistula.

PMID- 18150841
TI  - Phlegmonous cecitis; report of two cases.

PMID- 18150842
TI  - Hidden carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 18150843
TI  - Mediastinal tumors.

PMID- 18150844
TI  - Hernia into the umbilical cord and omphalocele (amniocele) in the newborn.

PMID- 18150845
TI  - Thumb traction technic for reduction of Colles' fracture.

PMID- 18150846
TI  - Classification and treatment of trochanteric fractures.

PMID- 18150847
TI  - Hemipelvectomy for malignant tumors of the bony pelvis and upper part of the
      thigh.

PMID- 18150848
TI  - Carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 18150849
TI  - Congenital anorectal atresia; report of a case.

PMID- 18150850
TI  - Some observations on the pathology and surgical treatment of labyrinthine vertigo
      of non-infective origin.

PMID- 18150851
TI  - Surgical problems involved in breast cancer.

PMID- 18150852
TI  - Liver function tests.

PMID- 18150853
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150854
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150855
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150856
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150858
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150857
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150859
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150860
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150861
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150862
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150863
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150864
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150865
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150866
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150867
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150868
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150869
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150870
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150871
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150872
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150873
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150874
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150875
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150876
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150878
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150877
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150879
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150880
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150881
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150882
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150883
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150884
TI  - Mixed hypernephroid tumors of the kidney (metanephromas).

PMID- 18150885
TI  - Associated kidney and bladder tumors.

PMID- 18150886
TI  - The use of pyrogens in the treatment of lower nephron nephrosis.

PMID- 18150887
TI  - The Trueta renal vascular shunt; an experimental demonstration of neurovascular
      control of the renal circulation in rabbit, cat, dog, and monkey.

PMID- 18150888
TI  - Roentgenographic observation of perforation of the kidney following retrograde
      pyelography.

PMID- 18150889
TI  - An easily sterilizable, flexible cassette with intensifying screens, designed for
      X-ray examination of operatively exposed kidneys.

PMID- 18150890
TI  - A contribution to differential diagnosis of neoplasms of the bladder.

PMID- 18150891
TI  - An analysis of regional variations in the response of the detrusor muscle to
      electrical stimulation of the hypogastric nerves.

PMID- 18150892
TI  - Enuresis; a report of two interesting cases.

PMID- 18150893
TI  - Hypospadias; a method to improve the chordee effect.

PMID- 18150894
TI  - Urethral duplication in a female treated with sclerosing solution.

PMID- 18150895
TI  - Chorio-epithelioma of testicle with report of a case.

PMID- 18150896
TI  - Post-mortem compared with clinical diagnosis of genito-urinary tuberculosis in
      adult males.

PMID- 18150897
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150898
TI  - The number of motile spermatozoa as an index of fertility in man; a study of 406
      semen specimens specimens.

PMID- 18150899
TI  - Sulfadiazine-sulfacetimide mixture in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

PMID- 18150900
TI  - Reports of the North Carolina syphilis studies; an evaluation of case-finding
      measures in multiple episodes of infectious syphilis.

PMID- 18150901
TI  - Serologic activity of dipalmityl lecithin; preliminary report.

PMID- 18150902
TI  - Mass public veneral disease education; Ohio fairs.

PMID- 18150903
TI  - Spectral absorption characteristics of antihistaminic drugs; relationship to
      ultraviolet erythema.

PMID- 18150904
TI  - Experimental collagen disease from hypersensitization to streptococcus toxin.

PMID- 18150905
TI  - Air-borne allergens in the national parks.

PMID- 18150906
TI  - Effects of salicylates and other drugs on experimental serum disease.

PMID- 18150907
TI  - The specificity of blocking antibody induced by grass pollen extracts.

PMID- 18150908
TI  - Studies in bacterial allergy; a brief critical review.

PMID- 18150909
TI  - A single apparatus for the defatting, drying, storage, and extraction of many
      antigenic substances.

PMID- 18150910
TI  - The effect of aminophylline on urticarial skin reactions.

PMID- 18150911
TI  - Contributions to the embryology of the urinary bladder.

PMID- 18150912
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150913
TI  - A case of spina bifida combined with diastematomyely, the anomaly of Chiari and
      hydrocephaly.

PMID- 18150914
TI  - Patterns of the mammalian sexual cycle.

PMID- 18150915
TI  - Histophysiologic studies on sweating.

PMID- 18150916
TI  - The sebaceous glands of the hamster; some cytochemical studies in normal and
      experimental animals.

PMID- 18150917
TI  - Mitotic activity in the liver of the mouse during inanition followed by refeeding
      with different levels of protein.

PMID- 18150918
TI  - Malformation of the atrio-ventricular endocardial cushions of the embryo pig and
      its relation to defects of the conus and truncus arteriosus.

PMID- 18150919
TI  - Thymic involution and regeneration in the albino rat, following injection of acid
      colloidal substances.

PMID- 18150920
TI  - Anoxia and the central nervous system; a review and case report.

PMID- 18150921
TI  - Mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias during cyclopropane anesthesia.

PMID- 18150922
TI  - The mechanism of hyperglycemia during anesthesia; an experimental study.

PMID- 18150923
TI  - Narcosis with pentothal sodium alone compared to narcosis with pentothal sodium
      combined with curare or myanesin.

PMID- 18150924
TI  - Pre-anesthetic hypnosis with rectal pentothal in children.

PMID- 18150925
TI  - The effect of intravenous procaine on the heart.

PMID- 18150926
TI  - The effect of blood pressure rise on the production of cyclopropane-epinephrine
      induced cardiac irregularities.

PMID- 18150927
TI  - The role of the liver in the detoxication of thiopental (pentothal) by man.

PMID- 18150928
TI  - Experience with tetra-ethyl ammonium chloride in peripheral vascular diseases and
      allied conditions in a Veterans hospital.

PMID- 18150929
TI  - Anesthetic management of the patient with thyroid disease.

PMID- 18150930
TI  - A further study of anesthesia with cyclobutane.

PMID- 18150931
TI  - Caudal anesthesia in obstetrics; a combined procaine-pontocaine single injection
      technic.

PMID- 18150932
TI  - Clinical application of desoxyephedrine hydrochloride.

PMID- 18150933
TI  - Hypobaric saddle anesthesia for proctological surgery.

PMID- 18150934
TI  - Nupercaine spinal anesthesia for upper abdominal surgery of long duration.

PMID- 18150935
TI  - Breakage of Magill forceps; a case report.

PMID- 18150936
TI  - Method for determining tracheolaryngeal breath sounds during anesthesia.

PMID- 18150937
TI  - Some physiological effects resulting from added resistance to respiration.

PMID- 18150938
TI  - Toxicity of anti-malarial drugs on flying personnel.

PMID- 18150939
TI  - Hearing standards in airline transport pilots.

PMID- 18150940
TI  - Recovery rate from some of the effects of daily exposures to high altitude in
      rats.

PMID- 18150941
TI  - Analysis of the causes of disqualification of 164,687 applicants rejected for
      aviation training.

PMID- 18150942
TI  - Study of certain blood properties in healthy men transferred from a subtropic to
      a subarctic environment.

PMID- 18150945
TI  - Factors influencing the recovery of biochemical mutants in luminous bacteria.

PMID- 18150948
TI  - Study on toxins and antigens of Shigella dysenteriae; toxicity and antigenicity
      of whole organisms and various fractions of Shigella dysenteriae.

PMID- 18150954
TI  - Zoology and its makers at Indiana University.

PMID- 18150955
TI  - The relation of bio-electric fields to growth.

PMID- 18150956
TI  - Improved methods of activating tapeworm embryos.

PMID- 18150957
TI  - A phenotypical difference in growth of wild rats.

PMID- 18150958
TI  - The relation between photometric turbidity and bacterial concentration.

PMID- 18150959
TI  - Individual characteristics of the bacterial growth responses induced by different
      amino acids.

PMID- 18150960
TI  - The effect of aqueous spleen extract on growth of tumor cells in mice.

PMID- 18150961
TI  - Onset of ossification in the epiphyses and short bones of the extremities in
      chimpanzee.

PMID- 18150962
TI  - A practical method of estimating the mean and standard deviation of truncated
      normal distributions.

PMID- 18150963
TI  - Statistical methods for evaluation of diagnostic and other procedures; an
      objective weeding-out process applicable to material used in surveys of
      diagnostic variability.

PMID- 18150964
TI  - The effect of the change in mortality conditions in an age group on the
      expectation of life at birth.

PMID- 18150965
TI  - A blood pressure study of the natives of Ponape Island, Eastern Carolines.

PMID- 18150966
TI  - Report on a series of illegal abortions induced by physicians.

PMID- 18150967
TI  - Infiltrating adenomatous lesions of the stomach, cecum, and rectum of monkeys
      similar to early human carcinoma and carcinoma in situ.

PMID- 18150968
TI  - A lymphopenia-causing agent, probably a virus, found in mice after injection with
      tumor tissue and with the cell-free filtrates of lymphosarcoma T 86157 (MB).

PMID- 18150969
TI  - Studies on the intracellular composition of livers from rats fed various aminoazo
      dyes; 4-aminoazobenzene, 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 4'-methyl-, and 3'-methyl-4
      dimethyl-aminoazobenzen.

PMID- 18150970
TI  - Effect of low environmental temperature, dinitrophenol, or sodium fluoride on the
      formation of tumors in mice.

PMID- 18150971
TI  - Cancer mortality among males and females in Denmark, England, and Switzerland;
      mortality of accessible and inaccessible cancers in Danish towns and rural areas.

PMID- 18150972
TI  - Cancer mortality among males and females in Denmark, England, and Switzerland;
      incidence of accessible and inaccessible cancers in Danish towns and rural areas.

PMID- 18150973
TI  - Observations on the antiproteolytic reaction of the serum of mice; strain
      variations.

PMID- 18150974
TI  - Natural and immune antibodies in mice of low and high tumor strains.

PMID- 18150975
TI  - The influence of estrogen on cancer incidence and adrenal changes in
      ovariectomized mice on calorie restriction.

PMID- 18150976
TI  - The products of pyrolysis of cholesterol at 360 degrees C. and their relation to
      carcinogens.

PMID- 18150977
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150978
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150979
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150980
TI  - Changes in the axis deviation in bundle branch block with changes in heart
      position.

PMID- 18150981
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150982
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150983
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150984
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18150985
TI  - Symposium on roentgenologic heart volume determinations.

PMID- 18150986
TI  - Roentgenologic determination of the cardiac volume and some of its sources of
      error.

PMID- 18150988
TI  - The selective inhibition of true cholinesterase in vivo.

PMID- 18150992
TI  - Colorimetric determination of potassium by Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent.

PMID- 18150993
TI  - The nicotinamide-saving action of tryptophan and the biosynthesis of nicotinamide
      by the intestinal flora of the rat.

PMID- 18150996
TI  - A biochemical study of Pseudomonas prunicola Wormald; pectin esterase.

PMID- 18150997
TI  - Studies on the absorption of proteins; the amino-acid pattern in the portal
      blood.

PMID- 18150998
TI  - Conjugated amino-acids in portal plasma of dogs after protein feeding.

PMID- 18150999
TI  - The metabolism of sulphonamides; the fate of some N4-n-acyl derivatives of
      ambamide (marfanil) and the sulphone, V 335, in the rabbit.

PMID- 18151002
TI  - The tryptophanase-tryptophan reaction; the nature, characteristics and partial
      purification of the tryptophanase complex.

PMID- 18151003
TI  - Metabolism of polycyclic compounds; formation of 1:2-dihydroxy-1|2
      dihydronaphthalenes.

PMID- 18151005
TI  - The formation of hydrogen carriers by haematin-catalyzed peroxidations; some
      reactions of adrenaline and adrenochrome.

PMID- 18151008
TI  - Genetic control of biochemical synthesis as exemplified by plant genetics; flower
      colours.

PMID- 18151009
TI  - Adaptation, mutation and segregation in relation to the synthesis of enzymes by
      bacteria.

PMID- 18151010
TI  - Non-nucleic acid protein-bound phosphorus.

PMID- 18151011
TI  - Oxidation of the blood group A-substance with the periodate ion.

PMID- 18151012
TI  - Turbidities in the estimation of serum proteins by the biuret method.

PMID- 18151013
TI  - The iron requirement of rumen bacteria.

PMID- 18151014
TI  - Biochemical experiments with radioactive 2:3-dimercaptopropanol.

PMID- 18151015
TI  - p-Aminosalicylic acid estimated as m-aminophenol.

PMID- 18151016
TI  - A simple shaking device for Conway units and similar appliances.

PMID- 18151017
TI  - Exposed dental pulps in an epidemic of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18151018
TI  - Supplementary data supplied to the nutrition group of the Arnhem Land Scientific
      Expedition, 1948.

PMID- 18151019
TI  - Two cases of macrostomia described with some observations on the incidence of
      defective development of the mandibular arch in the sheep.

PMID- 18151021
TI  - Combined impaction of lower premolar and molar.

PMID- 18151020
TI  - Human enamel protein.

PMID- 18151022
TI  - Paget's disease of the maxilla.

PMID- 18151023
TI  - Fatigue studies on some dental resins.

PMID- 18151024
TI  - Cystic compound composite odontome.

PMID- 18151025
TI  - The relation of chest diseases to dental surgery.

PMID- 18151026
TI  - A method for determining the extent of polymerization of acrylic resins and its
      applications for dentures.

PMID- 18151027
TI  - The evolvement of opthalmoprosthesis to civilian requirements.

PMID- 18151028
TI  - Dental infection and extraoral disease.

PMID- 18151029
TI  - Necessity for roentgenographic supplementation of clinical dental examinations,
      with analysis of 100 cases.

PMID- 18151030
TI  - Mandibular movement and articulator occlusion.

PMID- 18151031
TI  - A preliminary method of testing abrasion hardness.

PMID- 18151032
TI  - Provisions for dental treatment in Finland; a review.

PMID- 18151033
TI  - The Swedish national dental program.

PMID- 18151034
TI  - Combined root canal therapy and apicoectomy; a progress report.

PMID- 18151035
TI  - A comparison of depth of anesthesia and toxicity of two and four per cent
      procaine hydrochloride solution.

PMID- 18151036
TI  - Gold solders for dental use.

PMID- 18151037
TI  - The effects of variable factors on crushing strengths of dental amalgams.

PMID- 18151038
TI  - Some biological characteristics of the pathogenic fungi named Paracoccidioides
      brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides cerebriformis.

PMID- 18151039
TI  - Caries incidence reduction by unsupervised use of 27.5% ammonium therapy
      dentifrice.

PMID- 18151040
TI  - The effect of penicillin on dental caries in rats fed on a coarse corn diet.

PMID- 18151041
TI  - Penicillin dentifrice and dental caries experience in children.

PMID- 18151042
TI  - Effect of small amounts of penicillin on the oral bacterial flora.

PMID- 18151043
TI  - Antagonistic relationship between oral organisms.

PMID- 18151044
TI  - Observations on Lactobacillus counts and dental caries in mental patients during
      insulin coma therapy.

PMID- 18151045
TI  - Observations on experimental dental caries; the effect of dietary lactic acid.

PMID- 18151046
TI  - In vitro studies of the dental caries inhibiting properties of some selected
      nitrofuran compounds.

PMID- 18151047
TI  - Dental effects of exposure to fluoride-bearing Dakota sandstone waters at various
      ages and for various lengths of time; status of the permanent teeth of 339
      children aged 11 to 15 years who used such water for 18 months prior to eruption
      of the first permanent molars.

PMID- 18151048
TI  - Fluoride saturation rate of human enamel.

PMID- 18151049
TI  - Studies on the numbers of bacteria in the mouth and their reduction by the use of
      oral antiseptics.

PMID- 18151050
TI  - Halitosis; variations in mouth and total breath odor intensity resulting from
      prophylaxis and antisepsis.

PMID- 18151051
TI  - Deep infections of the face and neck.

PMID- 18151052
TI  - The dentist's role following an atomic bomb explosion.

PMID- 18151053
TI  - Functional appliances.

PMID- 18151054
TI  - Dental specialists.

PMID- 18151055
TI  - Modern hydrocolloid technique for inlays and bridgework.

PMID- 18151056
TI  - Caries prophylaxis; rationale and review.

PMID- 18151057
TI  - A latex rubber matrix for applying sodium fluoride.

PMID- 18151058
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151059
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151060
TI  - Cavity preparation in deciduous teeth; filling materials and technique involved.

PMID- 18151061
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151062
TI  - Two factors in the differentiation of rheumatic and non-rheumatic types of
      Sydenham's chorea; a study of 97 cases.

PMID- 18151063
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151065
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151064
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151066
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151067
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151068
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151069
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151070
TI  - Treatment of early syphilis with penicillin injection in oil and wax U.S. P.;
      report of 153 cases.

PMID- 18151071
TI  - Scleroma; review of literature and first report of multiple familial occurrence
      in the United States.

PMID- 18151072
TI  - Mammalian tyrosinase; melanin formation by ultraviolet irradiation.

PMID- 18151073
TI  - Massive metastasizing meningioma involving the scalp.

PMID- 18151074
TI  - Balanitis xerotica obliterans; report of a case.

PMID- 18151075
TI  - Persistent multiple herpes-like eruption; response to repeated intradermal
      injections of smallpox vaccine.

PMID- 18151076
TI  - A bullous eruption associated with carcinoma of the penis.

PMID- 18151077
TI  - Ringworm of the scalp due to Microsporum audouini during pregnancy.

PMID- 18151078
TI  - Contact dermatitis from streptomycin.

PMID- 18151079
TI  - Lead-containing clay for shielding in roentgen ray treatment of the skin.

PMID- 18151080
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151081
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151082
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151083
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151084
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151085
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151086
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151087
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151088
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151089
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151090
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151091
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151092
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151093
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151094
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151095
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151096
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151097
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151098
TI  - Anal eroticism and certain anorectal syndromes.

PMID- 18151099
TI  - The hemolytic Escherichia coli as a cause of diarrhea.

PMID- 18151100
TI  - A clinical report on the treatment of colonic disorders with polymolecular lactic
      acid crystals combined with lactose.

PMID- 18151101
TI  - Diagnosis of carcinoma of the rectum by cytologic study.

PMID- 18151102
TI  - Some aspects of proctology in Brazil.

PMID- 18151103
TI  - On the preparation of human insulin for experimental use.

PMID- 18151104
TI  - Sympathicotropic (Leydig) cell tumor of the ovary with virilism; report of a
      case.

PMID- 18151105
TI  - Pregnancy in Addison's disease; report of four patients.

PMID- 18151106
TI  - Hormonal alterations in men exposed to heat and cold stress.

PMID- 18151108
TI  - Loss of axillary and pubic hair in a patient with Addison's disease and regular
      menstruation; a case report.

PMID- 18151107
TI  - Changes in urinary uric acid-creatinine ratio after electrically induced
      convulsions in man.

PMID- 18151109
TI  - The metabolism of the estrogens; a review.

PMID- 18151110
TI  - Status of compound 1080 as a rodenticide under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

PMID- 18151111
TI  - Modern drug regulation and the lawyer.

PMID- 18151112
TI  - Food plant sanitation.

PMID- 18151113
TI  - The molding of personality under dictatorship; the importance of the destructive
      drives in the socio-psychological structure of Nazism.

PMID- 18151114
TI  - The comics war.

PMID- 18151115
TI  - Relationship between crime rates and certain population characteristics in
      Minnesota counties.

PMID- 18151116
TI  - The Colchester taxi cab murder.

PMID- 18151117
TI  - Medical ethics and medical etiquette.

PMID- 18151118
TI  - Nullity; incapacity; artificial insemination.

PMID- 18151119
TI  - Relations of respiration and growth in the Avena coleoptile.

PMID- 18151120
TI  - The control of tillering in grasses by auxin.

PMID- 18151121
TI  - The chemical composition of marine algae.

PMID- 18151122
TI  - Physical and chemical properties of gluten; estimation of molecular properties
      using electrophoretic and diffusion data.

PMID- 18151123
TI  - Physiological and biochemical studies in plant metabolism; the respiration of the
      seedling wheat leaf in starvation and ontogeny.

PMID- 18151124
TI  - Louver and louverall systems; design and illumination characteristics.

PMID- 18151125
TI  - TRAINING the research worker.

PMID- 18151126
TI  - Soviet genetics; the real issue.

PMID- 18151127
TI  - The light emitted by europium compounds.

PMID- 18151128
TI  - Transition effect in lead of star-producing radiation.

PMID- 18151129
TI  - Hyperfine structure in the solid state.

PMID- 18151130
TI  - Limit of useful amplification of a galvanometer deflexion.

PMID- 18151131
TI  - Yield value of bentonite suspensions.

PMID- 18151132
TI  - Lanthanon (rare-earth) sodium sulphate precipitations.

PMID- 18151133
TI  - Quantitative inorganic paper chromatography; sub-micro separation and
      determination of aluminium, iron and titanium.

PMID- 18151135
TI  - Difference in structure between the same giant chromosomes from the same larvae
      of Drosophila repleta.

PMID- 18151134
TI  - Action of thiosulphate on the kidney of the cat.

PMID- 18151136
TI  - Nuclear interactions of the particles produced in cosmic ray bursts.

PMID- 18151144
TI  - The administration of alcoholism rehabilitation programs.

PMID- 18151145
TI  - The act of surrender in the therapeutic process with special reference to
      alcoholism.

PMID- 18151146
TI  - Oxygen in the treatment of acute alcoholic intoxication; a preliminary clinical
      report based on the study of 100 cases.

PMID- 18151147
TI  - Group therapy in alcoholism.

PMID- 18151148
TI  - Further improvements in magnetic focusing.

PMID- 18151149
TI  - Instrumentation for nuclear studies with externally focused deuteron beam from
      ten-Mev cyclotron.

PMID- 18151150
TI  - A new method of measuring the stopping power of several materials for alpha
      particles.

PMID- 18151151
TI  - A magnetic field strength meter using the proton magnetic moment.

PMID- 18151152
TI  - A 22-inch Wilson cloud chamber in a magnetic field of 21,700 gauss.

PMID- 18151153
TI  - Differential counting with reversible decade counting circuits.

PMID- 18151154
TI  - A new high sensitivity remanent magnetometer.

PMID- 18151155
TI  - Effect of temperature on the steady-state sensitivity of vacuum radiation
      detectors.

PMID- 18151156
TI  - Modified string flowmeter for measuring breath velocity.

PMID- 18151157
TI  - Ultimate vacua of diffusion pumps.

PMID- 18151158
TI  - Size and form of the foot in men.

PMID- 18151159
TI  - A pedigree showing the incidence of malformation of the nipples.

PMID- 18151160
TI  - The frequency of orthostatic anaemia at different ages.

PMID- 18151161
TI  - Suicide, alcohol and war.

PMID- 18151162
TI  - Developmental pathology; a new field in medicine.

PMID- 18151163
TI  - Saddle block anesthesia.

PMID- 18151164
TI  - A 10-year study of cesarean section in Rochester and Monroe County, 1937 to 1946.

PMID- 18151165
TI  - Ovogenesis in the adult human ovary.

PMID- 18151166
TI  - Perspectives in prematurity; physiological approaches to an obstetric problem.

PMID- 18151167
TI  - Sickle cell anemia and pregnancy.

PMID- 18151168
TI  - Penicillin therapy in the obstetrical patient; a study of its effect on the
      bacterial flora of the postpartum uterus.

PMID- 18151169
TI  - Effect of birth on mentality.

PMID- 18151170
TI  - Statistical study of chorione epithelioma in the Philippine General Hospital.

PMID- 18151171
TI  - Hydatidiform mole followed by postpartum eclampsia and chorionepithelioma, with
      recovery.

PMID- 18151172
TI  - Multiple pregnancies at the Chicago Lying-in Hospital, 1941 to 1946.

PMID- 18151173
TI  - The effects of various estrogenic preparations; the influence of equivalent
      amounts of several estrogens on the vaginal mucosa of nonmenstruating women.

PMID- 18151174
TI  - Myomas during and after the menopause.

PMID- 18151175
TI  - Studies on surviving human placental tissue; a search for pressor and
      antidiuretic factors.

PMID- 18151176
TI  - Clinical evaluation of sulfamerazine in postpartal and postabortal sepsis.

PMID- 18151177
TI  - Hormonal assays in a case of hydatidiform mole.

PMID- 18151178
TI  - Effect of sulfonamide cream on the bacterial flora of the infected vagina and
      cervix.

PMID- 18151179
TI  - Pregnancy subsequent to radical mastectomy of the breast for cancer.

PMID- 18151180
TI  - Clyindroma of the cervix with procidentia.

PMID- 18151182
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151181
TI  - Modern concepts of cervical carcinoma.

PMID- 18151183
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151184
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151185
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151186
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151187
TI  - Two 19. century Italian medals figuring surgical instruments.

PMID- 18151188
TI  - A bibliography of anatomical books published in English before 1800.

PMID- 18151189
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151190
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151191
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151192
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151193
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151195
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151194
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151196
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151197
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151198
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151199
TI  - Precautions in industrial uses of radioactive isotopes.

PMID- 18151200
TI  - Undergraduate medical training in occupational medicine and hygiene.

PMID- 18151201
TI  - Health effects associated with beryllium.

PMID- 18151202
TI  - STATE and industrial health in India.

PMID- 18151203
TI  - Acute pneumonitis in workers exposed to beryllium oxide and beryllium metal.

PMID- 18151204
TI  - The absorption and excretion of fluorides; further observations on metabolism of
      fluorides at high levels of intake.

PMID- 18151205
TI  - Benign pneumoconiosis in a tin oxide recovery plant.

PMID- 18151206
TI  - The physiological response of animals to respiratory exposure to the vapors of
      diisopropylamine.

PMID- 18151207
TI  - Local and systemic effects following skin contact with phenol; a review of the
      literature.

PMID- 18151208
TI  - Observations on the percutaneous absorption of toxaphene in the rabbit and the
      dog.

PMID- 18151209
TI  - Toxicity of thioacetamide in rats.

PMID- 18151210
TI  - The hazards associated with the use of lead arsenate in apple orchards.

PMID- 18151211
TI  - Dust particles and aqueous aerosols; a critical review.

PMID- 18151212
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151213
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151215
TI  - The ambulatory treatment of leg ulcers with pressure bandages.

PMID- 18151214
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151216
TI  - A college course on the medical basis of accident compensation as taught at Swiss
      universities.

PMID- 18151217
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151218
TI  - Vocational preference as related to mental ability.

PMID- 18151219
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151220
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151221
TI  - Manifestations of shock in the fundus of the eye.

PMID- 18151223
TI  - On death certification.

PMID- 18151222
TI  - Inbreeding and several other factors in the diabetes mellitus of Jews.

PMID- 18151224
TI  - Artificial insemination with modified seminal fluid; some biochemical properties
      of seminal hyaluronidase.

PMID- 18151225
TI  - How should one handle the peptic ulcer patient?

PMID- 18151226
TI  - Calcification of the intervertebral disc in a child; report of a case.

PMID- 18151227
TI  - Retrolental fibroplasia; a disease of the eyes in premature infant; with report
      of a case.

PMID- 18151228
TI  - The local treatment of tinea capitis due to Microsporum audouini.

PMID- 18151229
TI  - Bacterial infections of the skin.

PMID- 18151230
TI  - Movements of the eyelids in blinking.

PMID- 18151231
TI  - Penicillin in dentistry.

PMID- 18151232
TI  - Thread worm infestation.

PMID- 18151233
TI  - The treatment of acute dysenteries in outlying rural dispensaries.

PMID- 18151234
TI  - Observations on the use of procaine-penicillin.

PMID- 18151235
TI  - Dysgerminoma of the ovary in a 4-year-old girl with metastases clinically
      simulating Wilms' tumor and adrenal neuroblastoma.

PMID- 18151236
TI  - An oxygen-humidity-aerosol unit for infants.

PMID- 18151237
TI  - Bleeding peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18151238
TI  - Mercury poisoning.

PMID- 18151239
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151240
TI  - Application of infra-red rays in the treatment of certain diseases.

PMID- 18151241
TI  - Carbolic acid in eye diseases.

PMID- 18151242
TI  - A case of hypotension.

PMID- 18151243
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151244
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151245
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151246
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151247
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151248
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151249
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151250
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151251
TI  - Organization of the central nervous control of muscular activity.

PMID- 18151252
TI  - The diagnosis of early acute anterior poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18151253
TI  - Vitamin B12.

PMID- 18151254
TI  - A factor in old hepatitis serum capable of agglutinating chicken red cells.

PMID- 18151255
TI  - Influence of sex upon the lethal effects of an hepatotoxic alkaloid,
      monocrotaline.

PMID- 18151256
TI  - Attempted heterologous transplantation of carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 18151257
TI  - Observations of the effects of tetraethyl pyrophosphate in man, and on its use in
      the treatment of myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 18151258
TI  - Histochemical studies on nucleic acid phosphatase.

PMID- 18151259
TI  - Blood clotting; recent advances.

PMID- 18151260
TI  - The determination of phospholipid phosphorus.

PMID- 18151261
TI  - Agglutination of erythrocytes containing sulphaemoglobin; further evidence of
      specific aggregation.

PMID- 18151262
TI  - The effect of antitoxin on experimental infection with Clostridium novyi
      (oedematiens) in guinea pigs, with a note on active immunization.

PMID- 18151263
TI  - Studies on the effect of some aromatic amidines and other chemical compounds on
      the growth of influenza virus in the embryonated egg.

PMID- 18151264
TI  - An electric cauter as a sterility aid in inoculation of eggs.

PMID- 18151265
TI  - Use of the Fry analyzer for student classes.

PMID- 18151266
TI  - The relationship of serum phosphatases to sex hormones.

PMID- 18151267
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151268
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151269
TI  - Problems in genito-urinary diagnosis and treatment in a community hospital.

PMID- 18151270
TI  - Carcinoma of the cecum in a tuberculous patient.

PMID- 18151271
TI  - Coronary occlusion; three case reports.

PMID- 18151272
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151273
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151274
TI  - Some functional nervous disorders in childhood.

PMID- 18151275
TI  - The discoverers of the thoracic cardiac nerves.

PMID- 18151276
TI  - Electrocardiographic changes following air embolism in man.

PMID- 18151277
TI  - Effect of adrenochrome on spreading action of hyaluronidase and capillary
      permeability.

PMID- 18151278
TI  - Adrenal cortical physiology of spleen grafted and denervated ovaries in the
      mouse.

PMID- 18151279
TI  - The vascular anatomy and collateral circulation of the hindquarters of the dog.

PMID- 18151280
TI  - Hemoglobin content, size and amount of erythrocytes in fishes.

PMID- 18151281
TI  - Experimental fluorosis in rats.

PMID- 18151282
TI  - Transient electrical alternation studied in direct leads from the exposed heart.

PMID- 18151283
TI  - The effect of administration of crystalline chymotrypsin upon placental
      transplants, spontaneous tumors and Jensen sarcoma in rats.

PMID- 18151284
TI  - Correlation of the results of the Beard test with clinical diagnosis of human
      malignancy and their relation to the trophoblastic thesis of malignancy.

PMID- 18151285
TI  - Effect of administration of crystalline chymotrypsin upon the Beard test for
      malignancy.

PMID- 18151286
TI  - Pathogenesis of erythroblastosis fetalis and the Shwartzman phenomenon.

PMID- 18151287
TI  - A high speed tissue homogenizer.

PMID- 18151289
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151290
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151288
TI  - Invisible circulations.

PMID- 18151291
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151292
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151294
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151293
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151295
TI  - Observations in children from evacuated rural settlements.

PMID- 18151296
TI  - The role of the state in the treatment of the healthy and ill child [Hebrew
      text].

PMID- 18151297
TI  - Serum prothrombin and prothrombin consumption.

PMID- 18151298
TI  - Gallbladder diseases as a cause of vestibular vertigo.

PMID- 18151299
TI  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Palestine.

PMID- 18151300
TI  - A brief survey of 25 cases of tick-borne relapsing fever.

PMID- 18151301
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151303
TI  - State-aided cancer diagnostic clinics.

PMID- 18151302
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151304
TI  - Vagotomy in the treatment of gastro-intestinal ulceration.

PMID- 18151305
TI  - X-ray therapy of inflammatory lesions of the eyelids.

PMID- 18151306
TI  - Abdominal pregnancy.

PMID- 18151307
TI  - Chronic right lower quadrant pain with urinary symptoms.

PMID- 18151308
TI  - Intussusception of the appendix.

PMID- 18151309
TI  - Reticulum cell lymphosarcoma of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 18151310
TI  - Cultivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis; a comparison of hydrochloric acid and
      trisodium phosphate in the preparation of sputum and of the use of fluid Dubos
      Davis medium and Betragnani medium.

PMID- 18151311
TI  - Bacteriophage typing of Salmonella typhi; a report of typing in Michigan, 1947
      1948.

PMID- 18151312
TI  - Formation of antibodies in human subjects after the ingestion of heat-killed
      Brucella abortus.

PMID- 18151313
TI  - Laboratory and clinical observations on aerosporin (polymyxin B).

PMID- 18151314
TI  - The coagulation defect in thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 18151315
TI  - The developing (Coombs) test in spherocytic hemolytic anemias; its significance
      for the pathophysiology of spherocytosis and splenic hemolysis.

PMID- 18151316
TI  - Hypertension during blood transfusions for hemorrhagic shock in a patient with
      unilateral renal ischemia.

PMID- 18151317
TI  - The effect of heparin and dicumarol in increasing the coronary flow volume.

PMID- 18151318
TI  - The one-stage and two-stage prothrombin methods in the control of dicumarol
      therapy, with remarks on Ac-globulin.

PMID- 18151319
TI  - The causes for rejections of blood donors; a statistical study.

PMID- 18151320
TI  - Distribution of emetine in tissues.

PMID- 18151321
TI  - The Kepler water test in tabes dorsalis.

PMID- 18151322
TI  - The effect of hyaluronidase on the hematocrit and plasma proteins of the albino
      rat.

PMID- 18151323
TI  - Minimum tryptophane requirement and urinary excretion of tryptophane by normal
      adults.

PMID- 18151324
TI  - Alcohol and pancreatitis; serum amylase determinations in normal individuals
      following ingestion of alcohol.

PMID- 18151325
TI  - Studies on the depression of brain oxidations; biopsy technique and analysis of
      variance in the selection of a pentobarbital concentration.

PMID- 18151326
TI  - The serum esterase in liver disease.

PMID- 18151327
TI  - The conversion of a standard incubator to a carbon dioxide incubator.

PMID- 18151328
TI  - A photometric modification of the hypobromite method for nonprotein nitrogen.

PMID- 18151329
TI  - Standardized reagent for thymol turbidity test.

PMID- 18151330
TI  - Vacuum sampling tube for respiratory cases.

PMID- 18151331
TI  - Cancer of the larynx; report of a case.

PMID- 18151332
TI  - Surgery in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer.

PMID- 18151333
TI  - Myasthenia gravis with thymoma; a case report.

PMID- 18151334
TI  - [Antituberculous vaccination by B.C.G. in the Navy].

PMID- 18151335
TI  - [The rerorma secondary school and doctors].

PMID- 18151336
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151337
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151338
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151340
TI  - Psychotherapy reviewed.

PMID- 18151339
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151341
TI  - Narcotherapy in psychosomatic disorders.

PMID- 18151342
TI  - Acute bacterial endocarditis complicating pregnancy.

PMID- 18151343
TI  - Random relationships of experimental embryology and genetics of pathology.

PMID- 18151344
TI  - New drugs for allergic diseases.

PMID- 18151345
TI  - Antipertussis rabbit serum in 95 cases and 15 contacts; preliminary report.

PMID- 18151346
TI  - Laboratory aids in diagnosis of surgical jaundice.

PMID- 18151347
TI  - The liver glycogen concentration in fasted alloxan diabetic rats.

PMID- 18151348
TI  - On the state of the nation.

PMID- 18151349
TI  - An unusual role of roentgenology in the diagnosis of malignant lesion of the
      stomach; report of a case.

PMID- 18151350
TI  - An analysis of poliomyelitis seen at the 10th General Hospital during the past
      year.

PMID- 18151351
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151352
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151353
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151354
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151355
TI  - The menstrual cycle.

PMID- 18151356
TI  - Return to tone in blood-vessels of the upper limb after sympathectomy.

PMID- 18151357
TI  - Temporal arteritis; report of seven cases.

PMID- 18151358
TI  - A new type of encephalopathy after general anaesthesia.

PMID- 18151359
TI  - Injection treatment of hydrocele.

PMID- 18151360
TI  - Abdominal relaxation with decamethonium iodide (CIO) during caesarean section.

PMID- 18151361
TI  - Food in hospital; basic and special diets.

PMID- 18151362
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151363
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151364
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151365
TI  - Economic status of the specialist.

PMID- 18151366
TI  - Salaried doctors.

PMID- 18151367
TI  - When inflation hits a nation's doctors.

PMID- 18151368
TI  - Hay fever.

PMID- 18151369
TI  - The hypertherm in medicine.

PMID- 18151370
TI  - The Rh antibody specificities found in 115 human anti-Rh sera.

PMID- 18151371
TI  - Social work and the ex-serviceman; the psychiatric problem.

PMID- 18151372
TI  - Testing for the Rh factor in the blood of emergency patients.

PMID- 18151373
TI  - The training of a doctor.

PMID- 18151374
TI  - Child psychiatry.

PMID- 18151375
TI  - An assessment of streptomycin in medical practice.

PMID- 18151376
TI  - An assessment of streptomycin; surgical aspects.

PMID- 18151377
TI  - Some problems in the surgery of the gall-bladder.

PMID- 18151378
TI  - On recent experiences with mechanotherapy of impotence.

PMID- 18151379
TI  - OBESITY.

PMID- 18151380
TI  - The after effects of impotence.

PMID- 18151381
TI  - Control of epidemic ringworm of the scalp.

PMID- 18151382
TI  - Nutrition survey.

PMID- 18151383
TI  - The spectacle habit; some fads and fallacies.

PMID- 18151384
TI  - The resurrectionists; the development of the traffic.

PMID- 18151385
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151386
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151387
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151388
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151389
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151390
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151391
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151392
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151393
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151394
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151395
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151396
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151397
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151398
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151399
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151400
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151401
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151402
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151403
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151404
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151405
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151406
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151407
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151408
TI  - Hypertensive encephalopathy and cerebral arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 18151409
TI  - Amputation in patients with diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18151410
TI  - Cerebral complications resulting from hypertension caused by vasopressor drugs in
      obstetrics.

PMID- 18151411
TI  - Practical aspects of control of dicumarol therapy.

PMID- 18151412
TI  - White and nonwhite maternal mortality in Brooklyn, New York, 1947.

PMID- 18151413
TI  - The salt-poor diet.

PMID- 18151414
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151415
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151416
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151417
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151418
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151419
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151420
TI  - A modification of the slide Rh determination.

PMID- 18151421
TI  - The incidence of multiple primary malignant tumors and a report of a case with
      three primary carcinomata.

PMID- 18151422
TI  - Primary fibrosarcoma of the heart with metastases.

PMID- 18151423
TI  - Cerebral hemorrhage (nontraumatic) in adolescence.

PMID- 18151424
TI  - Acute myelogenous leukemia and pregnancy.

PMID- 18151425
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151426
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151427
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151428
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151429
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151430
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151431
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151432
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151433
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151434
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151435
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151436
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151437
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151438
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151439
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151440
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151441
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151442
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151443
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151444
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151445
TI  - [Research on central localization of narcotics].

PMID- 18151446
TI  - [Prothrombin level in the blood after surgery].

PMID- 18151447
TI  - [Tuberculous meningitis in children treated with streptomycin].

PMID- 18151448
TI  - [System of teaching biology in secondary medical schools in USSR].

PMID- 18151449
TI  - [Surgery of carcinoma of the lungs].

PMID- 18151450
TI  - [Tuberculous meningitis in children treated with streptomycin].

PMID- 18151451
TI  - [Surgery of prostata, urethra and the testis].

PMID- 18151452
TI  - [Atrophia flava hepatis during methylotiouracyl treatment of thyreotoxicosis].

PMID- 18151453
TI  - [Accretion of vagina during pregnancy].

PMID- 18151454
TI  - [Health service in USSR].

PMID- 18151455
TI  - [Pediatric surgery in France].

PMID- 18151457
TI  - [Control of malaria in Moldavia].

PMID- 18151456
TI  - [Health service personnel in USSR].

PMID- 18151458
TI  - Homologous serum hepatitis; a report of three fatal cases.

PMID- 18151459
TI  - A comparative study of the local toxic action of mercurial diuretics.

PMID- 18151460
TI  - Observations on nitrite-induced postural syncope in patients with mental disease.

PMID- 18151461
TI  - Effect of autolyzed yeast, yeast nucleic acid and related substances on body
      temperatures of rats.

PMID- 18151462
TI  - Development of macrocytic erythrocytes in leukemic subjects receiving folic acid
      antagonist, 4-amino-pteroylglutamic acid.

PMID- 18151463
TI  - Effect of heparin on artificial activation in the frog egg.

PMID- 18151464
TI  - Failure of rutin to inhibit hyaluronidase in the albino rat.

PMID- 18151465
TI  - Nu 445 in the treatment of urinary infections due to Gram negative bacilli.

PMID- 18151466
TI  - Metabolic fate of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone in the rabbit and its isolation
      from urine.

PMID- 18151467
TI  - Fractionation of serum cholesterol of chickens.

PMID- 18151468
TI  - Acetaldehyde disappearance and acetoin formation in vitro.

PMID- 18151469
TI  - Effect of folic acid, liver extract, and vitamin B12 on hemoglobin regeneration
      in chicks.

PMID- 18151470
TI  - Influence of chronic morphine poisoning on growth and metabolism of the albino
      rat.

PMID- 18151471
TI  - Value of calcium hypophosphite and other calcium compounds as calcium supplements
      in calcium-low diets.

PMID- 18151472
TI  - Extra-renal removal of hemoglobin from circulation in the rat; effect of
      parenteral bovine albumin.

PMID- 18151473
TI  - Experimental toxoplasmosis; effect of sulfadiazine and antiserum on congenital
      toxoplasmosis in mice.

PMID- 18151474
TI  - Formation of filamentous forms of Newcastle disease virus in hypertonic
      concentration of sodium chloride.

PMID- 18151475
TI  - Effect of acute bradycardia on pulmonary vascular pressures in anesthetized dogs.

PMID- 18151476
TI  - Production of anemia in swine fed purified diets and sulfasuxidine.

PMID- 18151477
TI  - Recording of intracavity potentials through a single lumen, saline filled cardiac
      catheter.

PMID- 18151478
TI  - Reflex modulation of heart rate on closure and opening of an A-V fistula.

PMID- 18151479
TI  - A Newcastle disease virus hemolysin.

PMID- 18151480
TI  - By-passing the right ventricle.

PMID- 18151481
TI  - A new imidazoline derivative with marked adrenolytic properties.

PMID- 18151482
TI  - Effects of desoxypyridoxine and vitamin B6 on development of the chick embryo.

PMID- 18151483
TI  - Failure of human convalescent and hyperimmune monkey poliomyelitis serums to
      neutralize egg adapted Lansing C (M) variant.

PMID- 18151484
TI  - Electron microscopy of tissue cultures infected with the virus of eastern equine
      encephalomyelitis.

PMID- 18151485
TI  - Reimplantation of eyes in fishes (Bahtygobius soporator) with recovery of vision.

PMID- 18151486
TI  - Influence of cold on blood fibrinogen concentration.

PMID- 18151487
TI  - Inhibition of multiplication of influenza virus by extracts of tea.

PMID- 18151488
TI  - Effect of 1-epinephrine and 1-arterenol on egg white edema in the rat.

PMID- 18151489
TI  - Paper chromatographic identification of some N-substituted amino acids.

PMID- 18151490
TI  - Importance of potassium and magnesium in nutrition of the guinea pig.

PMID- 18151491
TI  - A falling sphere method for studying clotting in systems of purified blood
      components.

PMID- 18151492
TI  - A new serological test (inhibition test) for human serum globulin.

PMID- 18151493
TI  - Oxygen consumption studies with intravenous infusions of the combined fat
      emulsion.

PMID- 18151494
TI  - Effect of dibenamine on blood flow and cardiac output in the dog.

PMID- 18151495
TI  - Lymphopenia and the secretion of adrenalin.

PMID- 18151496
TI  - Interaction of swine influenza virus and egg-white inhibitor of virus
      hemagglutination.

PMID- 18151497
TI  - Role of adrenal in uptake of I131 by the thyroid following parenteral
      administration of epinephrine.

PMID- 18151498
TI  - Some chemical and morphological changed elicited in the adrenal by stilbestrol
      and lyophilized anterior pituitary preparation.

PMID- 18151499
TI  - Effect of various drugs on epinephrine-induced pulmonary edema in rabbits.

PMID- 18151500
TI  - Myelination of the hypothalamus and its relation to thermoregulation in the
      hamster.

PMID- 18151501
TI  - Effect of BAL on experimental polyarthritis of rats.

PMID- 18151502
TI  - Pyrogenicity of influenza virus in rabbits.

PMID- 18151503
TI  - Biologic absorption of insolubilized gelatin films.

PMID- 18151504
TI  - Sodium acetate as a source of fixed base.

PMID- 18151505
TI  - A method for assay of serum proteolytic activity.

PMID- 18151506
TI  - Multiplication of the T3 bacteriophage against E coli.

PMID- 18151507
TI  - Effect of chemical irritation of the peritoneum on transmural migration of
      intestinal organisms.

PMID- 18151508
TI  - Transmural migration of intestinal bacteria during peritoneal irrigation in
      uremic dogs.

PMID- 18151509
TI  - Experimental studies on nutrition in tuberculosis; the role of protein in
      resistance to tuberculosis.

PMID- 18151510
TI  - Ante-mortem failure of the aural microphonic in the guinea pig.

PMID- 18151511
TI  - Differences in hemagglutination by strains of influenza virus in presence of egg.
      white and normal serum.

PMID- 18151512
TI  - Effect of tagathen on histamine-induced gastric lesions in guinea pigs.

PMID- 18151513
TI  - Blood flow and oxygen consumption of the brain in coarctation of the aorta.

PMID- 18151514
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151515
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151516
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151517
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151518
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151519
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151520
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151521
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151522
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151523
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151524
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151525
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151526
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151527
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151528
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151530
TI  - Some aspects of pain.

PMID- 18151529
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151531
TI  - The development and assessment of bronchiectasis.

PMID- 18151532
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151533
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151534
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151535
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151536
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151537
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151538
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151539
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151540
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151541
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151542
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151543
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151544
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151545
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151546
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151547
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151548
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151549
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151550
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151551
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151552
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151554
TI  - Some observations on, and methods of, dealing with medical problems when a
      prisoner of war of the Japanese, 1942-1945.

PMID- 18151553
TI  - Military surgery in the 16. century.

PMID- 18151555
TI  - Conservative treatment of large dental cysts.

PMID- 18151556
TI  - Multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 18151557
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151558
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151559
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151560
TI  - Homeopathic philosophy as illustrated in a case of encephalopathy.

PMID- 18151562
TI  - A contribution to the question of the origin of anterior paradiscal defects and
      so-called persisting apophyses in the vertebral bodies.

PMID- 18151561
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151563
TI  - On the treatment of acute and chronic osteomyelitis of the long bones.

PMID- 18151564
TI  - On the treatment of opposition paralysis of the thumb.

PMID- 18151565
TI  - Carpo-metacarpal arthrodesis for opponens paralysis.

PMID- 18151566
TI  - On the chlorine content of human muscle and skeletal tissue, with special
      reference to the degeneration of cartilage.

PMID- 18151567
TI  - Pain in the shoulder girdle from an orthopaedic view-point.

PMID- 18151568
TI  - Chronic rheumatic disease in the elderly.

PMID- 18151569
TI  - The use of calcium succinate and acetyls-salicylic acid in the treatment of
      rheumatic disease.

PMID- 18151570
TI  - Muscular trophy in diseases of the lower motor neuron; contribution to the
      anatomy of the motor units.

PMID- 18151571
TI  - The superiority attitude and rigidity of ideas.

PMID- 18151572
TI  - Lesions of the spinal cord (transverse myelopathy) in achondroplasia.

PMID- 18151573
TI  - Measurement of sensation; vibratory sensation.

PMID- 18151574
TI  - Surgical treatment of sciatica; results 3 to 8 years after operation.

PMID- 18151575
TI  - Intrapeduncular hemorrhage of the brain; successful operative approach, with
      evacuation of clot and a 7 1/4 year observation period.

PMID- 18151576
TI  - The electroencephalogram after injury to the spinal cord in man.

PMID- 18151577
TI  - Psychosis with hematoporphyrinuria; clinical report of a case.

PMID- 18151578
TI  - Muscle spindles in human extrinsic eye muscles.

PMID- 18151579
TI  - On amyotonia congenita.

PMID- 18151580
TI  - The significance of Tinel's sign in peripheral nerve injuries.

PMID- 18151581
TI  - Etat marbre of the thalamus following birth injury.

PMID- 18151582
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151583
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151585
TI  - Combat exhaustion; a descriptive and statistical analysis of causes, symptoms and
      signs.

PMID- 18151584
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151587
TI  - Psychobiologic dysfunction in mental disease.

PMID- 18151586
TI  - A statistical analysis of 480 Army psychiatric casualties.

PMID- 18151588
TI  - Determination of the stability of epinephrine by optical rotation.

PMID- 18151589
TI  - The effects of B vitamins, liver, and yeast on promin toxicity in the rat.

PMID- 18151590
TI  - Unidirectional electro-stimulated convulsive therapy; therapeutic results in 536
      patients.

PMID- 18151591
TI  - Further contribution to the psychodynamics of convulsive treatment.

PMID- 18151592
TI  - Why do nurses nurse?

PMID- 18151593
TI  - Nursing care following prefrontal lobotomy.

PMID- 18151594
TI  - The air-seal device for the tracheotomized respirator patient.

PMID- 18151595
TI  - Child care in a rural area.

PMID- 18151596
TI  - Teaching nutrition to medical students.

PMID- 18151597
TI  - Dietary management in a study of riboflavin requirements.

PMID- 18151598
TI  - New York State nutrition survey; a nutrition survey of public school children.

PMID- 18151599
TI  - Significance of feeding from the viewpoint of child development.

PMID- 18151600
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151602
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151601
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151603
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151604
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151605
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151606
TI  - Myopia; a matter of metabolism?

PMID- 18151608
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151607
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151609
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151610
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151611
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151612
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151613
TI  - Otological aspects of streptomycin therapy.

PMID- 18151614
TI  - Case of tbc meningitis simulating abscess of the brain.

PMID- 18151615
TI  - The risks of haemorrhage in carcinoma of the tongue.

PMID- 18151616
TI  - Inhibition of nucleic acid production in vestibular nerve cells by streptomycin.

PMID- 18151618
TI  - Measurement of cochlear potentials.

PMID- 18151617
TI  - Production of nucleoproteins in the vestibular ganglion.

PMID- 18151619
TI  - The correlation between cytochemical changes in the cochlear ganglion and
      functional tests after acoustic stimulation and trauma.

PMID- 18151620
TI  - Tracheal temperature in laryngectomized patients.

PMID- 18151621
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151622
TI  - Abscess of the frontal lobe secondary to ethmoiditis.

PMID- 18151623
TI  - Surgery of the chronically discharging ear.

PMID- 18151624
TI  - Esophageal varices in Banti's disease; report of two cases in which the condition
      was improved with injection of sclerosing solutions.

PMID- 18151625
TI  - Otosclerosis associated with osteoporosis and labyrinthitis chronica ossificans.

PMID- 18151626
TI  - Unusual otitic foreign bodies; report of two cases.

PMID- 18151627
TI  - pH of the cutaneous surface of the external auditory canal; a study of 27
      infants, 44 children and 60 adults.

PMID- 18151628
TI  - Progress in surgery of the septum.

PMID- 18151629
TI  - The development of the auditory ossicles and the temporal bone; a summary of
      research.

PMID- 18151630
TI  - Han-Schuller-Christian disease and eosinophilic granuloma of the skull.

PMID- 18151631
TI  - Medicolegal examination of bodies recovered from burned buildings.

PMID- 18151632
TI  - Studies on inclusion bodies; acid-fastness of nuclear inclusion bodies that are
      induced by ingestion of lead and bismuth.

PMID- 18151633
TI  - Lecithinase activity in splenic dyscrasias.

PMID- 18151634
TI  - Acute hemolytic anemia associated with elevated titer of cold agglutinins; report
      of case.

PMID- 18151635
TI  - Massive stilbamidine therapy of multiple myeloma; report of case.

PMID- 18151636
TI  - Leiomyoma angiomatosum of the mesentery; report of case.

PMID- 18151637
TI  - Chronic pneumonitis with marked interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, etiology
      undetermined.

PMID- 18151638
TI  - Rapid macroscopic tests for infectious mononucleosis; a method for preservation
      of sheep cells.

PMID- 18151639
TI  - Excretion of silver in a patient with argyrosis; ineffectiveness of treatment
      with BAL.

PMID- 18151640
TI  - Photographic recording of hemolysis using a portable electrocardiograph.

PMID- 18151641
TI  - Texchrome silhouette staining of platelets; morphology in vitro before and during
      coagulation.

PMID- 18151642
TI  - Culture of tubercle bacilli from specimens of gastric juice.

PMID- 18151643
TI  - Use of clorox and trisodium phosphate in demonstration of acid-fast bacilli in
      sputum.

PMID- 18151644
TI  - An accurate pipetting instrument for serologic use.

PMID- 18151645
TI  - An improved blood culture bottle utilizing a solid-and-liquid medium.

PMID- 18151646
TI  - The determination of bromsulphalein in the presence of hemolysis, turbidity and
      bile.

PMID- 18151647
TI  - A source of error in bromsulphalein tests.

PMID- 18151648
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151649
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151650
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151651
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151652
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151653
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151654
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151655
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151656
TI  - A standard system of infant feeding.

PMID- 18151657
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151658
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151659
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151660
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151661
TI  - Practical points in the diagnosis and treatment of infections of the urinary
      passages in childhood.

PMID- 18151663
TI  - Toxic diarrhoea among infants during the siege of Jerusalem in summer 1948.

PMID- 18151662
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151664
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151665
TI  - Specificity of cerebrospinal fluid reactions in various diseases.

PMID- 18151666
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151667
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151668
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151669
TI  - Observations on identical twins.

PMID- 18151670
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151671
TI  - Common colds among nurses in a nursery for young infants.

PMID- 18151673
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151672
TI  - Mass invasion of Salmonellae in a babies' ward.

PMID- 18151674
TI  - Helping parents grow up; the role of the pediatrician in private practice.

PMID- 18151675
TI  - The therapeutic and prophylactic administration of wheat germ oil (vitamin E) in
      infancy and childhood.

PMID- 18151676
TI  - Early dysplasia of the hip.

PMID- 18151677
TI  - The use of rice as a cereal food in infants; a clinical review.

PMID- 18151678
TI  - Clubbing of the fingers.

PMID- 18151679
TI  - The influence of modern therapeutic measures on the mortality rate at Children's
      Hospital during the period from 1936 through 1948.

PMID- 18151680
TI  - Neurological manifestations of shigellosis; report of two cases.

PMID- 18151681
TI  - Empyema as a complication of measles.

PMID- 18151682
TI  - Megacolon.

PMID- 18151683
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151684
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151685
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151687
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151686
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151688
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151689
TI  - [Contribution to the classification of the primary tuberculous processes].

PMID- 18151690
TI  - [Action of sulphate aerosol of 4-6 methyl pyridine on the lung of guinea pig].

PMID- 18151691
TI  - [Interpretation of the electrocardiogram in the normal child].

PMID- 18151692
TI  - [Influence of vitamin B6 administered intravenously, the serum cholinesterase in
      childhood].

PMID- 18151693
TI  - [The tuberculin skin reactions; comparative study of percutaneous testing with
      the Mantoux method].

PMID- 18151694
TI  - [About a case of anemia neonatorum; clinical and pathological contribution].

PMID- 18151695
TI  - [Current status of vaccination against tuberculosis].

PMID- 18151696
TI  - [Current guidelines for treatment of leukemia].

PMID- 18151697
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151698
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151699
TI  - Adsorption analysis of salts of organic acids.

PMID- 18151700
TI  - Acetic acid as an irritant in pyrethrum extracts.

PMID- 18151701
TI  - Observations on the mode of action of metrazol in convulsive doses.

PMID- 18151702
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative determination of peroxides in petrolatum.

PMID- 18151703
TI  - Studies on pharmaceutical powders and the state of subdivision; surface area
      measurements of some pharmaceutical powders by the low-temperature nitrogen
      adsorption isotherm technique.

PMID- 18151704
TI  - Microscopic characters of some of the crystalline sympathomimetic amines.

PMID- 18151705
TI  - Effect of metabolite antagonists on histidine decarboxylase.

PMID- 18151706
TI  - The oxytocic evaluation of posterior pituitary solutions, U.S. P., the guinea-pig
      uterus.

PMID- 18151707
TI  - Fluorometric determination of ketotetrahydropyridines; an improved method for
      urine.

PMID- 18151708
TI  - Determination of heavy metals in somewhat colored solutions.

PMID- 18151709
TI  - Sample size of parenteral solutions for sterility testing.

PMID- 18151710
TI  - Analysis of diisopropylfluorophosphate in oil solution.

PMID- 18151711
TI  - A brief historical survey of Indian drugs of vegetable origin.

PMID- 18151712
TI  - Derivatives of benzoic acid and simple phenols in the chemotherapy of
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 18151713
TI  - The antiadrenolytic action of ergotamine.

PMID- 18151714
TI  - The characterization of the trialkylbarbiturates.

PMID- 18151715
TI  - A note on the microscopic characterization of the polymorphic forms of ouabain.

PMID- 18151716
TI  - A modified Squibb separatory funnel for microanalytical work.

PMID- 18151717
TI  - Anticoagulants.

PMID- 18151718
TI  - The identification of the clinically-important sulphonamides.

PMID- 18151719
TI  - The absorption spectra and ionic dissociation of thiouracil derivatives with
      reference to their anti-thyroid activity.

PMID- 18151720
TI  - The determination of proguanil.

PMID- 18151721
TI  - A note on the conversion of omega-tribromoquinaldine to omega-dibromoquinaldine
      and the production of quinaldic aldehyde.

PMID- 18151722
TI  - A preliminary investigation on the growth of Cephaaelis ipecacuanha (Brot) A.
      Rich, under tropical conditions at Calcutta.

PMID- 18151723
TI  - The preparation of indones.

PMID- 18151724
TI  - Some aspects of pharmacological chemistry.

PMID- 18151725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151726
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151727
TI  - Intravascular pressure as a factor regulating the tone of the small vessels.

PMID- 18151728
TI  - The vasodilator action of adenosine triphosphate.

PMID- 18151729
TI  - Cutaneous vasodilatation elicited by local heating of the anterior hypothalamus
      in cats and dogs.

PMID- 18151730
TI  - An ordinate recorder for measuring drop flow.

PMID- 18151731
TI  - Liberation of adrenaline from the suprarenals caused by bile salts.

PMID- 18151732
TI  - A simplified method for estimating the histaminolytic activity of plasma in
      pregnancy.

PMID- 18151733
TI  - The strong histaminolytic activity of lymph and its bearing on the distribution
      of histamine between lymph and plasma in dogs.

PMID- 18151734
TI  - Accumulation in the canine lymph during reactive hyperaemia of a substance
      contracting the guinea pig's gut which is not histamine.

PMID- 18151735
TI  - Observations on histamine and histaminolysis in pregnancy.

PMID- 18151736
TI  - The histamine sensitivity of smooth muscles in pregnant guinea pigs.

PMID- 18151737
TI  - The action of corticotropic and adrenal cortex hormones on the mammary gland.

PMID- 18151738
TI  - The influence of anoxia on lactate utilization in man after prolonged muscular
      work.

PMID- 18151739
TI  - Measurements of heart output by electro-kymography.

PMID- 18151740
TI  - An evaluation of the cardiovascular effects of certain drugs in hypotensive dogs.

PMID- 18151741
TI  - Excretion of solutes and osmotic work of the resting kidney of hydropenic man.

PMID- 18151742
TI  - Excretion of solutes and osmotic work during osmotic diuresis of hydropenic man;
      the ideal and the proximal and distal tubular work; the biological maximum of
      work.

PMID- 18151743
TI  - Inulin space as a measure of extracellular fluid.

PMID- 18151744
TI  - Rate of entrance of urate and allantoin into the cerebrospinal fluid of the
      Dalmatian and non-Dalmatian dog.

PMID- 18151745
TI  - Reduction of plasma potassium concentration of the dog by vivodialysis and its
      restoration in non-visceral regions.

PMID- 18151746
TI  - Creatinuria from guanidoacetic acid ingestion and its relation to the site of
      action of methyltestosterone.

PMID- 18151747
TI  - Effect of mammalian (posterior lobe) pituitary extract on water balance of frogs
      when placed in different osmotic environments.

PMID- 18151748
TI  - Effect of the blood glucose level on the secretion of the adrenal cortex.

PMID- 18151749
TI  - Action of vitamin P on the stability of connective tissue ground substance.

PMID- 18151750
TI  - Potentiation of twitch tension and prolongation of action potential induced by
      reduction of temperature in rat and frog muscle.

PMID- 18151751
TI  - Oxygen consumption and cooling rates in immersion hypothermia in the dog.

PMID- 18151752
TI  - Man's respiratory response during and after acclimatization to high altitude.

PMID- 18151753
TI  - Inhibition of brain dehydrogenases by anticholinesterases.

PMID- 18151754
TI  - Descending respiratory pathways in the cervical spinal cord.

PMID- 18151755
TI  - Phasic pains induced by cold.

PMID- 18151756
TI  - Electrolyte changes with chronic passive hyperventilation in man.

PMID- 18151757
TI  - Effect of hyperimmune states on human blood pressure response to epinephrine.

PMID- 18151768
TI  - Action of acetylcholine on rabbit auricles in relation to acetylcholine
      synthesis.

PMID- 18151770
TI  - The psychological and social sciences in the national military establishment.

PMID- 18151771
TI  - Basic studies on the supply and demand of research talent.

PMID- 18151772
TI  - Training in clinical psychology; an English point of view.

PMID- 18151773
TI  - William James and psychical research.

PMID- 18151775
TI  - Elwood Worcester and the case for survival.

PMID- 18151774
TI  - Comparison of ESP scores with Rorschachs scored by different workers.

PMID- 18151776
TI  - Some new data on the nature of spinal conditioning.

PMID- 18151777
TI  - Maze learning in the absence of primary reinforcement; a study of secondary
      reinforcement.

PMID- 18151778
TI  - Rate of responding and amount of reinforcement.

PMID- 18151779
TI  - Temperament in chimpanzees; method of analysis.

PMID- 18151780
TI  - The effects of electroconvulsive shocks on gestation and maternal behavior.

PMID- 18151781
TI  - Delayed detour response in the octopus.

PMID- 18151782
TI  - The thyroid and high oxygen poisoning in rats.

PMID- 18151783
TI  - Anesthesia and gastric secretion.

PMID- 18151784
TI  - Behavior resembling spontaneous emissions in the domestic cat.

PMID- 18151785
TI  - A coordinated research in psychotherapy; a nonobjective introduction.

PMID- 18151786
TI  - The development of the parallel studies project.

PMID- 18151787
TI  - An analysis of the relationship between acceptance of and respect for self and
      acceptance of and respect for others in ten counseling cases.

PMID- 18151788
TI  - An investigation into the interrelations between the self concept and feelings
      directed toward other persons and groups.

PMID- 18151789
TI  - Defensive behavior in client-centered therapy.

PMID- 18151790
TI  - A study of reported behavior changes in counseling.

PMID- 18151791
TI  - An analysis of six parallel studies of the therapeutic process.

PMID- 18151792
TI  - The etiologic agent of Chagas' disease in the United States.

PMID- 18151793
TI  - Treatment as a factor in the control of the venereal diseases.

PMID- 18151794
TI  - The psychological significance of geriatric rehabilitation.

PMID- 18151795
TI  - CARE of the new-born; social and practical implications.

PMID- 18151796
TI  - Food ways of the young worker.

PMID- 18151797
TI  - Professional education for cancer control.

PMID- 18151798
TI  - Cancer teaching in medical schools.

PMID- 18151799
TI  - Cancer teaching in dental schools.

PMID- 18151800
TI  - NEW tools for professional cancer education.

PMID- 18151801
TI  - Rabies problems and control.

PMID- 18151802
TI  - Quantitative blood cultures from brucellosis patients and from animals
      experimentally infected with brucella organisms.

PMID- 18151803
TI  - Action of a parasitic amoeba and the antibiotic of a micrococcus on brucella
      cultures.

PMID- 18151804
TI  - A heat-stable, water-soluble brucella allergen; preliminary report.

PMID- 18151805
TI  - A short note on the epidemiology of brucellosis in Puerto Rico.

PMID- 18151806
TI  - The treatment of brucellosis with sulfadiazine and streptomycin.

PMID- 18151807
TI  - Chlorination at Chicago's South District Filtration Plant.

PMID- 18151808
TI  - Simplified amperometric titration apparatus for determining residual chlorine in
      water.

PMID- 18151809
TI  - Principal requirements of cathodic protection systems.

PMID- 18151810
TI  - Cathodic protection equipment; capacities, performance and costs.

PMID- 18151811
TI  - Chemicals used in water & sewage treatment.

PMID- 18151812
TI  - Sewer stabilization via suspension.

PMID- 18151813
TI  - Improved soil percolation test for determining the capacity of soils for leaching
      sewage effluents.

PMID- 18151814
TI  - Special charge formulas for industrial wastes in municipal sewage; a review.

PMID- 18151815
TI  - Rates and regulations for water used in air conditioning.

PMID- 18151816
TI  - Main-line metering of water, sewage and sludge.

PMID- 18151817
TI  - Water waste surveys and leakage correction; with particular reference to the
      pitometer and its use in making such surveys.

PMID- 18151818
TI  - Anthrafilt and its significance.

PMID- 18151819
TI  - Control of algae.

PMID- 18151820
TI  - Activated carbon treatment of an open reservoir.

PMID- 18151821
TI  - Trenching practice.

PMID- 18151822
TI  - Chlorination of sewage.

PMID- 18151824
TI  - Place of fluoroscopy in the diagnosis of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18151823
TI  - Peptic ulcer; the importance of films in diagnosis.

PMID- 18151825
TI  - Gastroscopy in the evaluation of patients with peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18151826
TI  - Evaluation of the effects of radiation on non-malignant lesions of the
      nasopharynx.

PMID- 18151827
TI  - Endocrine factors in hypertension; treatment by roentgen irradiation of the
      pituitary and adrenal regions.

PMID- 18151828
TI  - A rapid quantitative scale method for estimating the percentage concentration of
      priodax in the gallbladder.

PMID- 18151829
TI  - The sensitometry of roentgenographic films and screens.

PMID- 18151830
TI  - Relationships between chemical and biological effects of ionizing radiations.

PMID- 18151831
TI  - Structural differences on bone matrix associated with metabolized radium.

PMID- 18151832
TI  - Individualizing the tumor dose in carcinoma of the uterine cervix by means of a
      simple caliper.

PMID- 18151833
TI  - Effect of continuous radiation on chick embryos and developing chicks; bone
      marrow, lymphoid tissue, and peripheral blood.

PMID- 18151835
TI  - Streptomycin in tuberculosis; clinical experience.

PMID- 18151834
TI  - Use of para-aminosalicylic acid in chronic pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18151836
TI  - Extrapleural pneumonolysis with plombage virus thoracoplasty.

PMID- 18151837
TI  - Pneumoperitoneum therapy in lower zone tuberculosis.

PMID- 18151838
TI  - Carcinoma of the lung with nonmalignant pleural effusion; recovery by
      pneumonectomy.

PMID- 18151839
TI  - Nutrition education in institutions caring for tuberculous patients.

PMID- 18151840
TI  - Sterile homopneumothorax caused by softening and perforation of a pulmonary
      infarct.

PMID- 18151841
TI  - Spontaneous perforation of the normal esophagus.

PMID- 18151842
TI  - Intrathoracic sympathoblastoma.

PMID- 18151843
TI  - Bronchial lavage in tuberculosis.

PMID- 18151844
TI  - Dusts of clinical significance.

PMID- 18151845
TI  - The use of bronchoscopy in bronchiectasis.

PMID- 18151846
TI  - A case of fatal tularemic pneumonia with necropsy.

PMID- 18151847
TI  - Bronchographic observations in collapsed lungs.

PMID- 18151848
TI  - A brief analysis of 50 foreign bodies in the larynx, trachea and bronchi.

PMID- 18151860
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151850
TI  - One-stage resection of carcinoma of the cervical esophagus with subpharyngeal
      esophagogastrostomy; report of a successful case.

PMID- 18151861
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151862
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151863
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151864
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151865
TI  - Some wider aspects of the management of cerebral palsy.

PMID- 18151866
TI  - Ceramics as occupational therapy for patients with suicidal tendencies.

PMID- 18151867
TI  - Effectiveness of the hospital conference in rehabilitation.

PMID- 18151868
TI  - Psychiatric rehabilitation symposium.

PMID- 18151869
TI  - Anterior poliomyelitis; rehabilitation by functional exercises.

PMID- 18151870
TI  - The influence of exercise on intragastric pressure.

PMID- 18151871
TI  - Investigation into the epidemiology of diphtheria in the hygiene study ward at
      Batavia.

PMID- 18151873
TI  - Pancreatic atrophy in infants with fatty liver.

PMID- 18151872
TI  - The nature of immunity against scrub typhus in guinea-pigs.

PMID- 18151874
TI  - The suppressive action of paludrine in benign tertian (vivax) malaria.

PMID- 18151875
TI  - Twofold quinine resistance of Plasmodium gallinaceum, induced by regular
      administration of the drug.

PMID- 18151876
TI  - Preliminary report on the subgenus Nyssorhynchus (Diptera, Culicidae) of Surinam,
      Dutch Guiana.

PMID- 18151877
TI  - Annotated list of mosquitoes of the Netherlands Antilles including French St.
      Martin, with a note on Eutriatoma maculata on Curacao and Bonaire.

PMID- 18151878
TI  - Tricercomonas intestinalis in the Netherlands.

PMID- 18151879
TI  - Haemagglutination through vaccinia virus; the aptitude of buffalo pulp for
      haemagglutination through vaccinia virus.

PMID- 18151880
TI  - Research on the life history of Diphyl-lobothrium ranarum.

PMID- 18151881
TI  - The efficacy of quinacrine and quinine in the treatment of Plasmodium malariae
      infections.

PMID- 18151882
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151883
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151884
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151885
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151886
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151887
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151888
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151889
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151890
TI  - Total cystectomy; a consideration of the technique.

PMID- 18151891
TI  - Unusual examples of urethrocele and ureterocele; operative cure.

PMID- 18151892
TI  - A case of ureterocele complicated by renal and ureteric calculi.

PMID- 18151893
TI  - Experiences with fibrin coagulum in pyelolithotomy.

PMID- 18151894
TI  - Spontaneous perirenal hematoma associated with hypertension.

PMID- 18151895
TI  - Varix of the renal vein; report of a case.

PMID- 18151896
TI  - Uncrossed double ureter with rare intravesical orifice relationship; case report
      with review of literature.

PMID- 18151897
TI  - Ureteroperitoneal anastomosis.

PMID- 18151898
TI  - Papillary carcinoma of ureter and bladder arising after nephrectomy for tumor of
      kidney pelvis.

PMID- 18151899
TI  - Cystitis emphysematosa; case report with a review of literature.

PMID- 18151900
TI  - Pregnancy associated with exstrophy of the bladder.

PMID- 18151901
TI  - Fibroma of tunica vaginalis testis.

PMID- 18151902
TI  - Prognosis of testicular tumors.

PMID- 18151903
TI  - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia as a cause of hematuria; two case reports.

PMID- 18151904
TI  - Intracaine lubricant as a urethral anesthetic.

PMID- 18151905
TI  - UNITED Nations World Health Organization; Interim Commission; Expert Committee on
      Venereal Diseases.

PMID- 18151906
TI  - The medical conduct of a brothel.

PMID- 18151907
TI  - Modern interpretations of serum tests.

PMID- 18151908
TI  - Gonorrhoea and the sulphonamides.

PMID- 18151910
TI  - STATE of the Union regarding commercialized prostitution.

PMID- 18151909
TI  - Advertisements on the treatment of venereal disease and the social history of
      venereal disease.

PMID- 18151911
TI  - MILESTONES in the march against commercialized prostitution, 1946-1949.

PMID- 18151912
TI  - WORLD situation with regard to prostitution.

PMID- 18151913
TI  - Folliculinid life-cycle.

PMID- 18151914
TI  - Morphological and phylogenetic interpretations of the cement glands in the
      Acanthocephala.

PMID- 18151915
TI  - Beryllium inhibition of regeneration; morphological effects of beryllium on
      amputated fore limbs of larval Amblystoma.

PMID- 18151916
TI  - The swim bladder and weberian apparatus of Rhaphiodon vulpinus Agassiz, with
      notes on some additional morphological features.

PMID- 18151917
TI  - Some transformations in asymmetry among Corixidae.

PMID- 18151918
TI  - A comparative study of the reproductive systems of Xironogiton instabilius
      instabilius Moore and Cambarincola philadelphica Leidy (Annelida, Oligochaeta,
      Branchiobdellidae).

PMID- 18151919
TI  - Continuous peridural anesthesia and analgesia for labor, delivery and cesarean
      section.

PMID- 18151920
TI  - Anesthesia and surgery in patients of advanced age.

PMID- 18151921
TI  - Intravenous pentothal-procaine anesthesia.

PMID- 18151922
TI  - Pentothal sodium with procaine for thoracic surgery.

PMID- 18151923
TI  - Status lymphaticus, thymic death and anesthesia in oral surgery.

PMID- 18151924
TI  - Organization of a department of anesthesiology in a large teaching hospital.

PMID- 18151925
TI  - Discrimination of a sound changing gradually in intensity.

PMID- 18151926
TI  - Acid-base balance of rats exposed to reduced barometric pressure.

PMID- 18151927
TI  - Clinical observations on the value of the orthostatic tolerance test in normal
      men.

PMID- 18151928
TI  - Experimental evaluation of the psychiatric interview for prediction of success in
      pilot training.

PMID- 18151929
TI  - An analysis of the effects of aerial transportation on patients.

PMID- 18151930
TI  - Maximum flying time for air crews.

PMID- 18151933
TI  - Demonstration of an interference phenomenon associated with infectious bronchitis
      virus of chickens.

PMID- 18151936
TI  - The reversal of PABA of sulfonamide inhibition of the viruses of lymphogranuloma
      venereum and mouse pneumonitis.

PMID- 18151937
TI  - A serological study of selected species of actinomycetes.

PMID- 18151939
TI  - Two new Salmonella types; Salmonella corvallis and Salmonella colorado.

PMID- 18151940
TI  - Additional properties of the MEFI strain of poliomyelitis virus, especially with
      reference to attempts at cultivation in the chick embryo.

PMID- 18151942
TI  - Factors affecting the elaboration of pigment and polysaccharide by Serratia
      marcescens.

PMID- 18151941
TI  - Vitamin requirements of Bacillus coagulans.

PMID- 18151943
TI  - On the naming of two antibiotics from members of the Bacillus circulans group;
      circulin and polypeptin.

PMID- 18151944
TI  - Studies of wireworm population; some effects of cultivation.

PMID- 18151945
TI  - The adjustment for a natural response rate in probit analysis.

PMID- 18151946
TI  - Dosage-mortality correlation with number treated estimated from a parallel
      sample.

PMID- 18151947
TI  - Note on a problem in probit analysis.

PMID- 18151948
TI  - A simple method for assaying contact toxicities of insecticides, with results of
      tests of some organic compounds against Calandra granaria L.

PMID- 18151949
TI  - Bioassay systems for the pyrethrins; water-base sprays against Aedes aegypti L.
      and other flying insects.

PMID- 18151950
TI  - Bioassay systems for the pyrethrins; the mode of action of pyrethrum synergists.

PMID- 18151951
TI  - The fungistatic activity of ethylenic and acetylenic compounds; the fungistatic
      activity of tetraiodoethylene and related compounds.

PMID- 18151952
TI  - Investigation into the production of bacteriostatic substances by fungi; a
      revision of the testing method.

PMID- 18151953
TI  - The transmission of sugar-beet yellows virus by mechanical inoculation.

PMID- 18151954
TI  - The competition between barley and certain weeds under controlled conditions;
      competition with Agrostis gigantea.

PMID- 18151955
TI  - Comparing individual means in the analysis of variance.

PMID- 18151956
TI  - The analysis of extinction time data in bioassay.

PMID- 18151957
TI  - The general theory of prime-power lattice designs; the analysis for p3 varieties
      in blocks of p plots with more than 3 replicates.

PMID- 18151958
TI  - A relation between the logarithmic, Poisson, and negative binomial series.

PMID- 18151959
TI  - The statistical analysis of insect counts based on the negative binomial
      distribution.

PMID- 18151960
TI  - Heterotopic transplantation of brachial cord segments followed by reimplantation
      into the orthotopic site.

PMID- 18151961
TI  - X-ray diffraction evidence of collagen-type protein fibers in the Echinodermata,
      Coelenterata and Porifera.

PMID- 18151962
TI  - The swimming capacity of Amblystoma larvae following reversal of the embryonic
      hindbrain.

PMID- 18151963
TI  - The induction of aristapedia by nitrogen mustard in Drosophila virilis.

PMID- 18151964
TI  - Copper and ascidian metamorphosis.

PMID- 18151965
TI  - The role of specific macronuclear nodes in the differentiation and the
      maintenance of the oral area in Stentor.

PMID- 18151966
TI  - Scatter analysis techniques applied to anxiety neurotics from a restricted
      culturo-educational environment.

PMID- 18151967
TI  - The structure of the mind.

PMID- 18151968
TI  - The chronic disease study of the California Department of Public Health.

PMID- 18151969
TI  - A health officer survey of a medical care program.

PMID- 18151970
TI  - Training physicians in public health nutrition.

PMID- 18151971
TI  - Use of the university in increasing the expertness of the nurse.

PMID- 18151972
TI  - Laboratory handling of radioisotopes in cancer research.

PMID- 18151973
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151974
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151975
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151976
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151977
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151978
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151979
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151980
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151981
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18151982
TI  - Hypertensive and ischaemic heart disease; a comparative clinical and pathological
      study.

PMID- 18151983
TI  - Sino-auricular block, interference dissociation, and different recovery rates of
      excitation in the bundle branches.

PMID- 18151984
TI  - Electrocardiographic studies in cretins.

PMID- 18151985
TI  - The effects of thiocyanate on basal and supplemental blood pressures.

PMID- 18151986
TI  - Mass miniature radiography in the detection of heart disease.

PMID- 18151987
TI  - The electrocardiogram of posterior cardiac infarction.

PMID- 18151988
TI  - The results of medical and surgical treatment of essential hypertension.

PMID- 18151989
TI  - The types of pulmonary stenosis and their clinical recognition.

PMID- 18151990
TI  - Globulin complexes with oestrogenic acids.

PMID- 18151991
TI  - Caroteniods of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.).

PMID- 18151993
TI  - Accumulation of glutamic acid in isolated brain tissue.

PMID- 18151994
TI  - Displacement chromatography on synthetic ion-exchange resins; separation of
      organic bases and aminoacids using cation-exchange resins.

PMID- 18152006
TI  - Nicotinamide biosynthesis by intestinal bacteria as influenced by
      methyltryptophans.

PMID- 18152008
TI  - The effects of thyroxine and thio-uracil on the secretion of the phosphorus
      compounds normally present in milk.

PMID- 18152009
TI  - Glucuronide synthesis and cell proliferation.

PMID- 18152010
TI  - Metal catalysis of indole production from tryptophan.

PMID- 18152011
TI  - Suggested mechanism for the enzymic breakdown of tryptophan to indole.

PMID- 18152012
TI  - Serum flocculation tests at pH 7.55.

PMID- 18152013
TI  - The properties of beta-glucuronidase.

PMID- 18152014
TI  - The utilization of acetate by the foetus for fatty acid and cholesterol
      synthesis.

PMID- 18152015
TI  - The action of suramin on proteolytic enzymes.

PMID- 18152016
TI  - The action of suramin on some non-proteolytic enzymes.

PMID- 18152017
TI  - Some inhibitors of aerobic phosphorylation.

PMID- 18152018
TI  - Iso-electric precipitation procedures for purification of the pituitary
      diabetogenic factor.

PMID- 18152019
TI  - Chromatography of vitamin A and derivatives on alumina-treated filter paper.

PMID- 18152020
TI  - A comparison of electrical and psychophysical determinations of the spectral
      sensitivity of the human eye.

PMID- 18152021
TI  - Multi-slit spectrometry.

PMID- 18152022
TI  - Measurement of the influence of local adaptation on color matching.

PMID- 18152024
TI  - Visibility on cathode-ray tube screens; signals on a P-7 screen exposed for
      different intervals.

PMID- 18152023
TI  - Visibility on cathode-ray tube screens; the effect of size and shape of pip.

PMID- 18152025
TI  - The spectra of argon, krypton, and xenon between 1.2 and 2.2 microns.

PMID- 18152027
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152026
TI  - Emulsion calibration scale for quantitative spectroscopic analysis.

PMID- 18152028
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152029
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152030
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152031
TI  - The effect of topical applications of potassium fluoride and of the ingestion of
      tablets containing sodium fluoride on the incidence of dental caries.

PMID- 18152032
TI  - An unrecorded form of the simplest type of the dilated composite odontome.

PMID- 18152033
TI  - On the treatment of unreduced bilateral forward dislocation of temporomandibular
      joint.

PMID- 18152034
TI  - A case of pulp survival after accident.

PMID- 18152035
TI  - The effect of organic acids on human tooth enamel.

PMID- 18152036
TI  - Migration of teeth.

PMID- 18152037
TI  - The dentist's contribution toward a complete health service.

PMID- 18152039
TI  - Dentistry and otolaryngology.

PMID- 18152038
TI  - Bruxism; detection and treatment.

PMID- 18152040
TI  - Problems related to mouth rehabilitation and their dento-medical complications.

PMID- 18152041
TI  - Cephalometric roentgenology; history, technics and uses.

PMID- 18152042
TI  - Prosthetic replacement for tissues lost through cancerous lesions.

PMID- 18152043
TI  - Neoplastic lesions of interest to the dental profession.

PMID- 18152044
TI  - Diagnosis of oral tumors.

PMID- 18152045
TI  - Management of hemophilia in dental extractions.

PMID- 18152046
TI  - Subcutaneous emphysema of the face.

PMID- 18152047
TI  - Adamantinoma of the left maxillary area; report of case.

PMID- 18152048
TI  - Fracture of the mandible; report of case.

PMID- 18152049
TI  - A rationale for the treatment of the intrabony pocket; one method of treatment,
      subgingival curettage.

PMID- 18152050
TI  - The importance of high-quality protein.

PMID- 18152051
TI  - Recent development in endocrinology and endocrine regulation of growth.

PMID- 18152052
TI  - The physiology of mandibular movement related to prosthodontia.

PMID- 18152053
TI  - Leukemia; importance of recognition by the dentist.

PMID- 18152054
TI  - Cancer control and the dentist.

PMID- 18152055
TI  - Salivary calculus.

PMID- 18152057
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152056
TI  - Periodontal disease; its cause and cure.

PMID- 18152058
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152059
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152060
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152061
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152062
TI  - Podophyllotoxin.

PMID- 18152063
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of pigmented nevi; consideration of some of the pitfalls.

PMID- 18152064
TI  - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome; a clinical and genetic study.

PMID- 18152065
TI  - Evaluation of bacitracin in local treatment of pyogenic infections.

PMID- 18152066
TI  - Pyogen allergic dermatitis.

PMID- 18152068
TI  - Multiple idiopathic hemorrhagic sarcoma of Kaposi.

PMID- 18152067
TI  - Postoperative gangrene?

PMID- 18152069
TI  - Lichen urticatus caused by dog's fleas.

PMID- 18152071
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152070
TI  - Extensive cavernous hemangioma successfully treated with solid carbon dioxide.

PMID- 18152072
TI  - [Treatment of psoriasis with large doses of vitamin D2].

PMID- 18152073
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152074
TI  - [Ultrasonic waves treatment in dermatology].

PMID- 18152076
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152075
TI  - [Colibacillary phlegmone with subsequent gangrene treated with streptomycin].

PMID- 18152077
TI  - [Proposal of a diet for patients suffering from eczema-dermatitis or urticarial
      complex].

PMID- 18152078
TI  - [Dermatomyositis and penicillin].

PMID- 18152079
TI  - [Hyperkeratotic and rhagadiforme dermatitis caused by tricresolformaline at the
      dentist's].

PMID- 18152080
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152081
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152082
TI  - [Differential clinical diagnosis and therapy of oidio- and dermatofytoonychoses].

PMID- 18152083
TI  - [Occupational acneform dermatoses].

PMID- 18152084
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152085
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152086
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152087
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152088
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152089
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152090
TI  - The preparation and use of Rh hapten.

PMID- 18152091
TI  - The technique of electrocardiography.

PMID- 18152092
TI  - Radioactive isotopes.

PMID- 18152093
TI  - Why write a scientific paper.

PMID- 18152094
TI  - Gastric perforation; a clinicopathologic study.

PMID- 18152095
TI  - A comparative study of the colloidal red test in liver diseases with special
      reference to the zinc turbidity, thymol turbidity and bromsulphalein tests.

PMID- 18152096
TI  - The relationship between the secretions of the gastric mucosa and its morphology
      as shown by biopsy specimens.

PMID- 18152097
TI  - Studies on liver function and blood proteins in allergic individuals.

PMID- 18152098
TI  - Gastroscopic perforation of esophagus and stomach; report of three cases.

PMID- 18152099
TI  - A study of the action of prostigmine on the bowel of human beings.

PMID- 18152100
TI  - Bromsulfalein reactions; clinical and experimental study.

PMID- 18152101
TI  - A case of lipoidosis of the stomach.

PMID- 18152102
TI  - Vagus nerve section for relief of intractable abdominal pain in a case of gastric
      carcinoma.

PMID- 18152103
TI  - Effect of carbon tetrachloride-feeding on estrogen excretion in the normal female
      guinea pig.

PMID- 18152104
TI  - The determination of adrenocortical steroids in human urine.

PMID- 18152105
TI  - The effect of administered adrenal cortical hormones on the liver glycogen of
      normal and scorbutic guinea pigs.

PMID- 18152106
TI  - Induction of psychic estrus in the hamster with progesterone administered via the
      lateral brain ventricle.

PMID- 18152107
TI  - The effect of thyroxine on the female reproductive system in parabiotic rats.

PMID- 18152108
TI  - Histological, cytochemical and physiological observations on the regeneration of
      the rat's adrenal gland following enucleation.

PMID- 18152109
TI  - Changes in serum cholesterol and cholesterol esters in alloxan diabetic rabbits.

PMID- 18152110
TI  - A simplified procedure for thyroidectomy of the new-born rat without concomitant
      parathyroidectomy.

PMID- 18152111
TI  - Specificity of the intrauterine test for progesterone.

PMID- 18152112
TI  - The effect of varying levels of thyroidal stimulation on the ascorbic acid
      content of the adrenal cortex.

PMID- 18152113
TI  - Comparative oral thyroxine-like activity of natural and synthetic thyroproteins
      and of DL-thyroxine studied with the goiter prevention method.

PMID- 18152114
TI  - Occurrence and determination of conjugated sulfates of estrogens in urine from
      pregnant women.

PMID- 18152115
TI  - Pituitary and adreno-cortical relationships to liver regeneration and nucleic
      acids.

PMID- 18152116
TI  - Serological studies on crystalline adrenocorticotrophic hormone; the production
      of antiadrenocorticotrophin.

PMID- 18152117
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152118
TI  - Frozen storage of poultry; effects of some processing factors on quality.

PMID- 18152119
TI  - A semiquantitative method for the detection of acetic anhydride in acetic acid.

PMID- 18152120
TI  - The modified Lambert conformal projection for polar areas.

PMID- 18152121
TI  - The reaction theory of respiratory regulation.

PMID- 18152122
TI  - On some glycoprotein carbohydrates.

PMID- 18152123
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152124
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152125
TI  - The action of quinones on mitosis.

PMID- 18152126
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152127
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152128
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152129
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152130
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152131
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152132
TI  - The effect of thyroxin in thyroidectomized rats treated with methylthiouracyl.

PMID- 18152133
TI  - Action of podophyllin on the number of blood leukocytes.

PMID- 18152134
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152135
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152136
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152137
TI  - The post-crisis in blood-induced Plasmodium lophurae infections in white Pekin
      ducks.

PMID- 18152138
TI  - Second supplementary list of parasitic fungi from Iowa.

PMID- 18152140
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152139
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152141
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152143
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152142
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152144
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152145
TI  - The importance of the family in the prevention of mental illness.

PMID- 18152146
TI  - Social and psychological factors affecting fertility; fertility planning and
      fertility rates by socioeconomic status.

PMID- 18152147
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152148
TI  - Anthropology and human growth.

PMID- 18152149
TI  - A discussion on antibiotic activity of growth factor analogues.

PMID- 18152150
TI  - The heat of activation and the heat of shortening in a muscle twitch.

PMID- 18152151
TI  - The energetics of relaxation in a muscle twitch.

PMID- 18152152
TI  - Work and heat in a muscle twitch.

PMID- 18152153
TI  - The haemoglobins of Ascaris lumbricoides.

PMID- 18152154
TI  - Ascaris haemoglobin as an indicator of the oxygen produced by isolated
      chloroplasts.

PMID- 18152155
TI  - Upper Ordovician trilobites of zonal value in south-east Shropshire.

PMID- 18152156
TI  - Determination of quercetin-like substances in several midwestern plants.

PMID- 18152157
TI  - An hereditary digital anomaly of cattle.

PMID- 18152158
TI  - Reduced penetrance in the inheritance of cortical cataract.

PMID- 18152159
TI  - Dwarf cattle for the tropics.

PMID- 18152160
TI  - [Significance of hysterosalpingography for investigation of sterility].

PMID- 18152161
TI  - [Pelvigraphy with water solution of contrast substance].

PMID- 18152162
TI  - [Aqueous solutions of iodine in hysterosalpingography].

PMID- 18152163
TI  - [Uterosalpingography in animals].

PMID- 18152164
TI  - [Repeated full-term pregnancy after the Strassmann operation].

PMID- 18152165
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152166
TI  - [Length of delivery and the daily rhythm of clinical onset of labor].

PMID- 18152167
TI  - [EKG in normal pregnancy].

PMID- 18152168
TI  - [Experiences with the action of partergine on the course of labor].

PMID- 18152169
TI  - [Rare twin pregnancy and acromegalia].

PMID- 18152170
TI  - [Acute poliomyelitis in pregnancy].

PMID- 18152171
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152172
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152173
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152174
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152175
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152176
TI  - Myelokentric acid and lymphokentric acid in Hodgkins disease.

PMID- 18152178
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152177
TI  - The syndrome of the pseudo-leukemic (pseudo-erythremic) myelosis.

PMID- 18152179
TI  - Dwarf cell (atypical myelogenous) leukemia.

PMID- 18152180
TI  - Medical illustration, ancient and medieval.

PMID- 18152181
TI  - A medical illustrator at work.

PMID- 18152182
TI  - Population and polygamy in 18. century thought.

PMID- 18152183
TI  - Guaiacum, the holy wood from the New World.

PMID- 18152184
TI  - Enlightened 18. century views of the alcohol problem.

PMID- 18152186
TI  - WHAT are the states doing about fire safety in hospitals.

PMID- 18152185
TI  - WHAT'S all this about the deplorable state of nursing schools?

PMID- 18152187
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152188
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152189
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152190
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152191
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152192
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152193
TI  - Modern conception of non-articular rheumatism.

PMID- 18152194
TI  - Relapsing fever in ambulatory practice.

PMID- 18152195
TI  - Dislocation of ulna at the radio-ulnar joint without fracture of radius; report
      on two cases.

PMID- 18152196
TI  - The notification of infectious diseases.

PMID- 18152198
TI  - The pseudomeningitic form of infantile beriberi.

PMID- 18152197
TI  - Studies on the thiamine content of rice, vegetables, and other foods in Bataan
      Province.

PMID- 18152199
TI  - Some chemical properties of Manila tap water and their relation to corrosion of
      the distribution system.

PMID- 18152200
TI  - Streptomycin in whooping cough.

PMID- 18152201
TI  - The electrocardiogram among professionals above the age of 50 without apparent
      cardiac disease.

PMID- 18152202
TI  - The teaching of anatomy.

PMID- 18152203
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152204
TI  - The effects of plasma transfusions in nephrogenic hypoproteinemia.

PMID- 18152205
TI  - On supraventricular extrasystoles.

PMID- 18152206
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152207
TI  - Coronary sclerosis as a symptom of xanthomatosis; Muller's syndrom.

PMID- 18152208
TI  - Hypercitricemia in Addison's disease.

PMID- 18152209
TI  - Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of office gynecology.

PMID- 18152210
TI  - Urinary tract complications in obstetrics and gynecology.

PMID- 18152211
TI  - The inhalation of penicillin dust; its proper role in the management of
      respiratory infections.

PMID- 18152212
TI  - Cutaneous manifestations of systemic diseases.

PMID- 18152213
TI  - Allergic manifestations of the eye and surrounding structures.

PMID- 18152214
TI  - The diagnosis of early acute anterior poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18152215
TI  - Lipemic nephrosis with and without nephritis.

PMID- 18152216
TI  - Mercuhydrin (meralluride) suppositories as a diuretic in congestive heart
      failure.

PMID- 18152217
TI  - Few children need die.

PMID- 18152219
TI  - Hemolytic anemia.

PMID- 18152218
TI  - The general medical practitioner and plastic surgery.

PMID- 18152220
TI  - Pulmonary eosinophilia (tropical eosinophilia).

PMID- 18152221
TI  - Medicine and the state.

PMID- 18152222
TI  - Injection of sulphetrone and diasone in leprosy.

PMID- 18152223
TI  - Control of leprosy in India.

PMID- 18152224
TI  - Stye.

PMID- 18152225
TI  - Streptomycin in a case of tuberculous endometritis.

PMID- 18152226
TI  - The ataxias; a review.

PMID- 18152227
TI  - Radioactive isotopes in the study of peripheral vascular disease; method of
      evaluation of various forms of treatment.

PMID- 18152228
TI  - Clinical studies on dicumarol hypoprothrombinemia and vitamin K preparations;
      superiority of vitamin K1 oxide over menadione sodium bisulfite U.S.P. and
      synkayvite in reversing dicumarol hypoprothrombinemia.

PMID- 18152229
TI  - Endocarditis in main line opium addicts; report on 11 cases.

PMID- 18152230
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152231
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152232
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152233
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152235
TI  - Gynecological aspects of sterility.

PMID- 18152234
TI  - Procedures in the investigation of male fertility.

PMID- 18152236
TI  - The treatment of coronary artery disease.

PMID- 18152237
TI  - Cardiovascular anomalies producing bronchial compression.

PMID- 18152238
TI  - Cardiac disorders in acute glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 18152239
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152240
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152241
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152242
TI  - The symptomatic management of the hay fever patient.

PMID- 18152243
TI  - The role of mitochondria in cellular metabolism.

PMID- 18152244
TI  - Fat in parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 18152245
TI  - The effect of vitamin B12 on hematologic and neurologic disorders in pernicious
      anemia; report of a case.

PMID- 18152246
TI  - Hypersensitivity and diffuse vascular (collagen) diseases.

PMID- 18152247
TI  - Iron metabolism and hemochromatosis.

PMID- 18152248
TI  - The present status of vitamin B12 in pernicious anemia.

PMID- 18152249
TI  - An evaluation of the mumps skin-test in pediatric practice.

PMID- 18152250
TI  - The association of interatrial septal defect and anomalies of the osseous system.

PMID- 18152251
TI  - Simultaneous left and right-sided intracardiac electrocardiography in man; right
      bundle branch block.

PMID- 18152252
TI  - Anomalous atrioventricular excitation produced by catheterization of the normal
      human heart.

PMID- 18152253
TI  - Ergotamine tartrate and the 2-step exercise electrocardiogram in functional heart
      disturbance and in organic heart disease.

PMID- 18152254
TI  - Effect of an adrenolytic compound, dihydroergocornine, on epinephrine-induced
      stimulation of the adrenal cortex.

PMID- 18152255
TI  - Autoantibodies in different phases of human glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 18152257
TI  - Fate of dicumarol in man; relationship between prothrombin time and plasma levels
      of dicumarol.

PMID- 18152256
TI  - A new synthetic anticoagulant (heparinoid) preliminary report of its action in
      humans.

PMID- 18152258
TI  - A method for the preparation of exteriorized skin covered loops of intestine for
      the study of bowel obstruction.

PMID- 18152259
TI  - The biological chemistry of wound healing; effect of blocking the sulfhydryl
      group (-SH) in vivo with iodoacetic acid.

PMID- 18152260
TI  - Starch sponge; a hemostatic agent.

PMID- 18152261
TI  - Management of ascites due to cirrhosis of the liver; the use of rice diet, blood
      and plasma, diuretics and surgery.

PMID- 18152262
TI  - Carbohydrate utilization in surgical patients; the blood lactic acid in pre- and
      post-operative patients after the administration of glucose.

PMID- 18152263
TI  - Studies with the quantitative cephalin cholesterol flocculation reaction; effect
      of variation in temperature at which Hanger reaction occurs; the protein patterns
      of normal and abnormal liver-disease sera.

PMID- 18152264
TI  - Hemophilioid disease; a hemorrhagic disease with prolonged coagulation time and a
      circulating anticoagulant; report of a case in a female.

PMID- 18152265
TI  - Aureomycin and chloromycetin in brucellosis; with special reference to chronic
      brucellosis.

PMID- 18152266
TI  - Response of gastric-dissolved mucoprotein to insulin; a new test for evaluation
      of secretory status of fundal glands and integrity of nervous pathways to the
      stomach.

PMID- 18152268
TI  - The role of proteins in the pathogenesis of renal insufficiency.

PMID- 18152267
TI  - Electrolyte abnormalities in chronic congestive heart failure; effects of
      administration of potassium and sodium salts.

PMID- 18152269
TI  - Treatment of pernicious anemia with animal protein factor concentrates of
      bacterial origin.

PMID- 18152270
TI  - The significance of RS-T elevation in acute coronary insufficiency.

PMID- 18152271
TI  - Some biochemical effects of ionizing radiations.

PMID- 18152272
TI  - Recent advances in the rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 18152273
TI  - Oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula.

PMID- 18152274
TI  - The eye in general medicine.

PMID- 18152275
TI  - Community role in mental hygiene.

PMID- 18152276
TI  - The cerebrospinal fluid; anatomy and physiology.

PMID- 18152277
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152278
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152279
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152280
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152281
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152282
TI  - Ectopia renal.

PMID- 18152284
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152283
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152285
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152286
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152287
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152288
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152289
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152290
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152291
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152292
TI  - Cancer from the family doctor's viewpoint.

PMID- 18152294
TI  - Bronchial asthma.

PMID- 18152293
TI  - Recent advances in the chemical control of insects; a brief review.

PMID- 18152295
TI  - Massive nonfilarial genital elephantiasis; report of a unusual case.

PMID- 18152296
TI  - History taking.

PMID- 18152297
TI  - The practical approach to the sterility problem.

PMID- 18152298
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152299
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152301
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152300
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152302
TI  - Nitrogen mustard therapy in reticuloses and pulmonary neoplasm; a report on 44
      cases.

PMID- 18152303
TI  - A method for the estimation of cholesterol in urine using the Liebermann-Burchard
      colour reaction.

PMID- 18152304
TI  - Mapharside treatment of 56 cases of lupus erythematosus discoides.

PMID- 18152305
TI  - A note on the use of pertussis vaccine in day nurseries.

PMID- 18152306
TI  - Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children treated by skeletal suspension
      traction.

PMID- 18152307
TI  - Malignant exophthalmos; report of case successfully treated by orbital
      decompression.

PMID- 18152308
TI  - Erythroblastosis fetalis; report of two cases.

PMID- 18152309
TI  - A new radical operation for carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 18152310
TI  - Acute cholecystitis.

PMID- 18152311
TI  - The problem of carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 18152312
TI  - Hemostasis during transurethral resection; use of adrenalin and hyaluronidase
      mixture; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18152313
TI  - Some notes about epidemiology and organization of anti-smallpox action [Hebrew
      Text].

PMID- 18152314
TI  - The problems of vaccination against smallpox [Hebrew Text].

PMID- 18152315
TI  - Chapters from old history of smallpox [Hebrew text].

PMID- 18152316
TI  - SMALLPOX in Palestine during the years 1921-1946 [Hebrew text].

PMID- 18152317
TI  - The resorption and action of precipitates of steroid hormones especially estrone
      and progesterone.

PMID- 18152318
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152319
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152320
TI  - Chronic deep Monilia albicans infection of the mucous membrane of the mouth.

PMID- 18152321
TI  - Streptomycin therapy in tuberculosis.

PMID- 18152322
TI  - A report of two cases of kala-azar with delirium as a prominent feature.

PMID- 18152323
TI  - Treatment of kala-azar with pentamidine isothionate; a study of 55 cases.

PMID- 18152324
TI  - Two cases of amoebic liver abscess with complications.

PMID- 18152326
TI  - A case of hemiplegia.

PMID- 18152325
TI  - Diverse findings in a case of fatal peritonitis.

PMID- 18152327
TI  - Pneumonic plague cases in Calcutta and Gaya.

PMID- 18152328
TI  - Arthritis; comments on differential diagnosis and new developments in therapy.

PMID- 18152329
TI  - Resume of skin diseases most commonly seen in general practice.

PMID- 18152330
TI  - Resection of the left auricular appendix; a prophylaxis for recurrent arterial
      emboli.

PMID- 18152331
TI  - Surgical treatment of the cardiac lung; ligation of the inferior vena cava and/
      or tricuspid valvulotomy.

PMID- 18152332
TI  - Nor-epinephrine (arterenol, sympathin N) as a pressor drug.

PMID- 18152333
TI  - Western equine encephalomyelitis in Chicago; report of a patient successfully
      treated with gamma globulin.

PMID- 18152334
TI  - Severe erythema multiforme with intestinal involvement.

PMID- 18152335
TI  - Studies on host-virus interactions in the chick embryo-influenza virus system;
      adsorption and recovery of seed virus.
AB  - Upon injection of active influenza A or B virus into the allantoic cavity of the
      developing chick embryo, an average of only 70 per cent of the agent was adsorbed
      onto the tissue, as measured by the difference between the quantity of virus
      injected and that found free in the allantoic fluid of the injected eggs during
      the constant period. The degree of adsorption was similar, regardless of whether
      10(9) or 10(2) ID(50) of active virus was injected. Attempts to demonstrate the
      adsorbed virus in suspensions of the infected tissue met with partial success
      only in that not more than 1 to 5 per cent of the amount calculated to be
      adsorbed was actually found. All efforts to increase the yield of virus have
      failed. These results led to the suggestion that the seed virus, which
      participates in the propagation, becomes altered in such a way that it no longer
      may be demonstrated by infectivity titrations, whereas the active virus found
      represents superficially adsorbed virus, which does not multiply.

PMID- 18152336
TI  - Studies on host-virus interactions in the chick embryo-influenza virus system;
      the propagation of virus in conjunction with the host cells.
AB  - Experiments have been reported on the propagation of influenza viruses in the
      allantoic membrane of the developing chick embryo during the first infectious
      cycle. After adsorption of the seed virus onto the host cells, only a small
      percentage of it remains demonstrable by infectivity titrations. This amount
      remains constant for 4 hours in the case of infection with PR8 virus, and for 6
      hours in that of infection with Lee virus. Thereafter, a sharp rise in
      infectivity occurs 2 to 3 hours before liberation of the new generations of
      active virus into the allantoic fluid can be detected. Injection of homologous
      virus, inactivated by ultraviolet irradiation, following infection prevents or
      delays the production of virus in the tissues, depending to some extent upon the
      number of ID(50) of active virus used as inoculum. The smaller the dose, the more
      pronounced the inhibitory effect. With increasing delay in the injection of the
      inhibitor, progressively more virus is produced and liberated 6 and 9 hours after
      infection with PR8 and Lee virus, respectively. Thus, production of virus may be
      interrupted by the homologous inhibitor when given up to 3 hours after infection
      with PR8, and up to4(1/2) hours after infection with Lee virus. Since no increase
      in infectivity can bedetected during these 3 and 4(1/2) hour periods in the
      tissues, it is suggested that influenza virus propagates in at least two major
      stages: first, non-infectious, immature virus material is produced which,
      subsequently, is converted into the fully active agent. Presumably the first step
      can be interrupted by the homologous inhibitor, while the second cannot.
      Heterologous irradiated virus, injected after infection of the tissue, exerts
      only a slight inhibitory effect on the production of virus.

PMID- 18152337
TI  - Studies on host-virus interactions in the chick embryo-influenza virus system;
      development of infectivity, hemagglutination, and complement fixation activities
      during the first infectious cycle.
AB  - In agreement with earlier observations the infectivity titer in the allantoic
      fluids of chick embryos injected with influenza A virus remains constant for 5 to
      6 hours before an increase in this activity can be noted. In contrast, the titers
      of hemagglutinin and complement-fixing antigen (virus antigen) have already begun
      to rise after 3 hours. The origin of the hemagglutinating and complement-fixing
      but non-infectious material is still obscure. In the allantoic membrane
      development of both the soluble and virus antigens can be demonstrated after the
      2nd hour of incubation and 1 hour prior to an increase in hemagglutinins and 2
      hours prior to a rise in infectivity. Thus there remain the first 2 hours during
      which no record of virus activity in the tissues can be obtained. Similar
      relationships are noted on dilution of the seed both in the allantoic fluids and
      membranes as long as the various properties reach measurable levels during the
      experimental period of one infectious cycle. Injection of high titered immune
      serum following infection with about 10(9) ID(50) reduces the amount of
      demonstrable seed virus in the allantoic fluid and membrane without significantly
      affecting propagation of the agent in the tissues as measured by infectivity
      titrations. The production of hemagglutinins appears markedly reduced under these
      conditions whereas formation of complement-fixing antigen is only slightly
      delayed and decreased. No definite explanations for the various discrepancies
      between the infectivity and hemagglutination can be given at present.

PMID- 18152338
TI  - Observations on the release of serum fibrinolysin by specific antigen, peptone,
      and certain polysaccharides.
AB  - FORMATION OF FIBRINOLYSIN FROM ITS INACTIVE PRECURSOR IN SERUM WAS OBSERVED UNDER
      THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS: (a) by adding the specific antigen to serum from
      sensitized guinea pigs; (b) by mixing normal guinea pig serum with peptone, agar,
      hyaluronic acid, chondroitinsulfuric acid, glycogen, pneumococcal
      polysaccharides, and heparin. Activation of profibrinolysin by these agents
      differs from chloroform or streptokinase activation in that it requires the
      presence of some serum constituent non-precipitable with the euglobulin fraction
      and destroyed by heating at 56 degrees C. The bearing of these observations on
      the mechanism of anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions is discussed. The
      findings reported support the concept that proteolysis is part of the process
      determining the release of histamine and other toxic products. It is suggested
      that the presence of fibrinokinase may be responsible for the toxicity of serum
      induced in vitro by a number of agents.

PMID- 18152339
TI  - The role of the wax of the tubercle bacillus in establishing delayed
      hypersensitivity, hypersensitivity to a protein antigen, egg albumin.
AB  - Guinea pigs sensitized with egg albumin along with the purified wax fraction of
      the human tubercle bacillus respond with delayed hypersensitive reactivity to the
      protein antigen. Previous publications have reported a similar activity of the
      wax with respect to tuberculoprotein and picryl chloride. The effect is not
      referable to an ordinary adjuvant activity of the bacillary wax, since antibody
      titers are not increased in animals which receive it, and since a known adjuvant,
      water-in-oil emulsion, has no effect with respect to the induction of delayed
      hypersensitivity. This report further extends the role of the tubercle bacillary
      wax in the induction of delayed hypersensitive states.

PMID- 18152340
TI  - Treatment of experimental dietary cirrhosis of the liver in rats.
AB  - Dietary cirrhosis of the liver was produced in 223 rats, and then therapy of the
      condition attempted. Administration of lipotropic factors (casein, methionine,
      choline) was followed not only by reduction of fat infiltration and by
      regeneration of hepatic parenchyma but, by a reduction of the degree of the
      fibrosis. In one group of rats, comparison of sections obtained by biopsy, before
      treatment, with findings at necropsy, after completed therapy, indicated apparent
      reduction of the fibrosis and of the amount of ceroid and considerable
      restoration of architecture. This improvement, however, was obtained neither with
      complete regularity nor in a short time. In very severe cirrhosis, as a rule, the
      effect of a lipotropic diet was disappointing, even after prolonged treatment up
      to 200 to 240 days. It is assumed that factors determining prevention are
      beneficial only to a limited extent in treatment. The therapy of very severe
      cirrhosis may require the interaction of further beneficial factors (nutritional
      and hormonal). Best therapeutic results were obtained by the combination of an
      adequate amount of casein with methionine or liver extract, and by the
      combination of methionine with liver extract. Methionine and thiouracil, both of
      which, singly, are effective in the prevention of dietary hepatic cirrhosis in
      rats, have proved to be less effective for the therapy of cirrhosis, when
      administered together, than methionine given alone for the same purpose. Under
      identical conditions, female rats have shown greater resistance to the production
      of dietary hepatic cirrhosis and a more favorable response to therapeutic dietary
      factors, than male rats.

PMID- 18152341
TI  - The inhibition of surface phagocytosis by the capsular slime layer of
      pneumococcus type III.
AB  - Five strains of type III pneumococcus have been shown to possess wide capsular
      slime layers during the logarithmic phase of growth in serum broth. The slime
      layer stains metachromatically with methylene blue and can be visualized under
      the electron microscope as a fuzzy halo which extends well beyond the surace of
      the capsule proper and causes centrifugates of the organism to be of extremely
      large volume. This outer capsular structure is most readily demonstrated in vivo
      and in nutrient broth containing glucose and serum. It disappears from the
      surface of the cell with aging of the culture, and is easily removed by dilute
      alkali, alcohol, and heat. Exposure of slime-covered type III pneumococci to
      homologous antibody and to type III polysaccharidase reveals that the slime layer
      contains the same type-specific polysaccharide that is present in the rest of the
      capsule. From a type III strain producing a prominent slime layer an intermediate
      mutant has been isolated which forms small non-mucoid colonies on blood agar and
      possesses a relatively small capsule with a barely discernible slime layer. The
      wide slime layer protects virulent type III pneumococci from surface
      phagocytosis. Whenever the type III cells lose their broad slime layer, whether
      from aging of the culture, from mutation, from exposure to injurious chemicals,
      or from the action of type III polysaccharidase, they become susceptible to
      phagocytosis by the surface mechanism. Once phagocyted the type III pneumococci
      are promptly destroyed, even in the absence of antibodies.

PMID- 18152342
TI  - Value of X-ray therapy in orthopedic cases.

PMID- 18152343
TI  - Brucella bacteremia with endocarditis.

PMID- 18152344
TI  - Plasma cell mastitis; report of a case.

PMID- 18152345
TI  - Poliomyelitis; follow-up results of a localized epidemic, 1941; report of 123
      cases.

PMID- 18152346
TI  - Treatment of malignant melanoma.

PMID- 18152347
TI  - A frequently overlooked cause of blindness in infants; congenital glaucoma.

PMID- 18152348
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152349
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152350
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152351
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152352
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152353
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152354
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152355
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152356
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152357
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152358
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152360
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152359
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152361
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152362
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152364
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152365
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152366
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152363
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152367
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152368
TI  - The laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis.

PMID- 18152369
TI  - Endometrioma of the umbilicus.

PMID- 18152370
TI  - Five year results of cancer treatment at the Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital.

PMID- 18152371
TI  - A method of using the chest strap for precordial leads.

PMID- 18152372
TI  - A science writer looks at medicine.

PMID- 18152373
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152375
TI  - Leukorrhea, diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 18152374
TI  - The problem of vagotomy in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18152376
TI  - Dysmenorrhea; recent trends in treatment with a report of 42 cases.

PMID- 18152377
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152378
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152379
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152380
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152381
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152382
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152383
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152384
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152385
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152386
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152387
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152388
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152389
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152390
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152391
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152392
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152393
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152394
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152395
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152396
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152397
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152398
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152400
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152399
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152401
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152402
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152403
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152404
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152405
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152406
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152407
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152408
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152409
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152410
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152411
TI  - Some aspects of psychosomatic medicine of interest to the general practitioner.

PMID- 18152413
TI  - Relapsing pancreatitis.

PMID- 18152412
TI  - Treatment of ulcerative colitis with salicylazosulfapyridine (salazopyrin).

PMID- 18152414
TI  - Pain in cases of gastric perforation.

PMID- 18152415
TI  - Acute renal failure; important objectives in conservative management.

PMID- 18152416
TI  - The problem of essential thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 18152417
TI  - Neuromuscular and joint diseases and the psychosomatic approach.

PMID- 18152418
TI  - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of infections of the urinary tract.

PMID- 18152419
TI  - The combined use of streptomycin and sulfadiazine in the treatment of
      brucellosis.

PMID- 18152420
TI  - Recurrent lymphangitis and cellulitis of the extremities.

PMID- 18152421
TI  - Infertility and its relation to abortion.

PMID- 18152422
TI  - The treatment of parkinsonism and related disorders in general practice.

PMID- 18152423
TI  - Multiple parathyroid adenomas associated with islet-cell tumors of the pancreas;
      report of two cases, with necropsy findings.

PMID- 18152424
TI  - The electrocardiogram in congenital heart disease.

PMID- 18152425
TI  - Blood-group, M-N type and Rh type frequencies in New Caledonians and the Loyalty
      and Pine Islanders.

PMID- 18152426
TI  - Simplified calculations for the estimation of gene frequencies for the rhesus
      factor and an application to partially classified data.

PMID- 18152427
TI  - Anaesthesia in general practice; pre-operative considerations.

PMID- 18152429
TI  - Tuberculous empyema.

PMID- 18152428
TI  - A psychiatric centenary, 1848 to 1948.

PMID- 18152430
TI  - Some aspects of fluid therapy in oto-laryngology.

PMID- 18152431
TI  - A case of a superior sulcus tumour.

PMID- 18152433
TI  - Chronic thyreotoxic myopathy, with the report of a case including
      electromyographic studies.

PMID- 18152432
TI  - Pancreatico-duodenal resection, with report of a case.

PMID- 18152434
TI  - Continuous postural drainage; an essential principle in the treatment of diseases
      of the respiratory tract.

PMID- 18152435
TI  - A double resection of the large bowel for malignant disease.

PMID- 18152437
TI  - Modern trends in the treatment of venereal diseases.

PMID- 18152436
TI  - Fibroma of the ovary with ascites.

PMID- 18152438
TI  - Duties of a port medical officer; a brief survey.

PMID- 18152439
TI  - The value of physiotherapy in general practice; a talk on electrical treatments.

PMID- 18152440
TI  - Chest radiography; the clinical aspect.

PMID- 18152441
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152442
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152443
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152444
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152445
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152446
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152447
TI  - Sympathetic block and sympathectomy in obliterative vascular diseases.

PMID- 18152448
TI  - Coarctation of the aorta; diagnosis and surgical technic.

PMID- 18152449
TI  - The surgery of embolism.

PMID- 18152450
TI  - Dicumarol in the therapy of acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 18152451
TI  - Pregnancy complicated by diabetes insipidus.

PMID- 18152452
TI  - Of the physician and his patient.

PMID- 18152453
TI  - Pediatric toxicology; principles of therapy.

PMID- 18152454
TI  - Insulin and diabetes.

PMID- 18152455
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152456
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152457
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152458
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152459
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152460
TI  - International College of Surgeons.

PMID- 18152461
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152462
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152463
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152464
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152465
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152466
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152467
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152468
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152469
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152470
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152471
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152472
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152473
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152474
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152475
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152476
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152477
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152478
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152479
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152480
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152481
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152483
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152482
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152484
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152485
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152486
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152487
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152488
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152489
TI  - Migrating thrombophlebitis associated with carcinoma.

PMID- 18152491
TI  - Prophylaxis and treatment of heat-reaction states.

PMID- 18152490
TI  - Suprarenal hemorrhage in pregnancy; report of a case with a review of the
      literature.

PMID- 18152492
TI  - Preventive medicine.

PMID- 18152493
TI  - Fibrosarcoma of femur, invading knee joint.

PMID- 18152494
TI  - The role of therapeutic exercises in the treatment of low back pain.

PMID- 18152495
TI  - A critical appraisal of spinal analgesia and anesthesia for obstetrics.

PMID- 18152496
TI  - Inhalation anesthesis in obstetrics.

PMID- 18152497
TI  - The obstetrician's view of modern anesthesiology.

PMID- 18152498
TI  - Report of clinical anesthesia in gynecologic surgery.

PMID- 18152499
TI  - Quantitative pharmacologic studies with pentothal.

PMID- 18152500
TI  - Use of intravenous quinidine during clinical anesthesia for treatment of acute
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 18152501
TI  - The recognition and management of cardiac and circulatory emergencies during
      anesthesia.

PMID- 18152502
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy with a study of an associated clinical syndrome.

PMID- 18152503
TI  - Subcutaneous cysts of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18152504
TI  - Torsion of the omentum.

PMID- 18152505
TI  - The Brenner tumor.

PMID- 18152506
TI  - Adenoma of Bartholin's gland.

PMID- 18152508
TI  - Sterility.

PMID- 18152507
TI  - Surgical principles in the care of the severely burned.

PMID- 18152509
TI  - Functional uterine bleeding.

PMID- 18152510
TI  - Common benign lesions of the cervix.

PMID- 18152511
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152512
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152513
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152514
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152515
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152516
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152517
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152518
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152519
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152520
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152521
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152522
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152523
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152524
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152525
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152526
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152528
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152527
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152529
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152530
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152531
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152532
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152533
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152534
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152535
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152536
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152537
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152538
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152539
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152540
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152541
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152542
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152543
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152544
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152545
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152546
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152547
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152548
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152549
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152550
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152551
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152552
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152553
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152554
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152555
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152556
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152557
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152558
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152559
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152560
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152561
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152562
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152563
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152564
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152565
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152566
TI  - [New possibilities of nitrogen mustard treatments].

PMID- 18152567
TI  - [Penicillin treatment of actinomycosis].

PMID- 18152568
TI  - [Gregoire's method of the drainage of pleura in infants].

PMID- 18152569
TI  - [Treatment of chronic alcoholism with a sensitizing drug].

PMID- 18152570
TI  - [Organization of the surgical clinic of the new university of Lodz].

PMID- 18152571
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152573
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152572
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152574
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152575
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152576
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152577
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152578
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152579
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152580
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152581
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152582
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152583
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152584
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152585
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152586
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152587
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152588
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152589
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152590
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152591
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152592
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152593
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152594
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152595
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152596
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152597
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152598
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152599
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152600
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152601
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152602
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152603
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152604
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152605
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152606
TI  - Bleeding into the arterial intimae; its relation to vascular disease.

PMID- 18152607
TI  - Cure of chronic vivax malaria with pentaquine and status of immunity thereafter.

PMID- 18152608
TI  - Comparative evaluation of extremity and precordial leads in the diagnosis of
      acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 18152609
TI  - Experiences with the cytologic method in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.

PMID- 18152610
TI  - Onlay bone grafts without fixation.

PMID- 18152612
TI  - Effect of pancreatic juice on the gallbladder.

PMID- 18152611
TI  - Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis.

PMID- 18152613
TI  - Benign and malignant epithelial tumors of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 18152614
TI  - Morbid factors in experimental appendicitis.

PMID- 18152615
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152616
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152617
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152618
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152619
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152620
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152621
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152622
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152623
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152624
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152625
TI  - Centenarians; the syndrome of normal senility.

PMID- 18152626
TI  - The cost of medical care.

PMID- 18152627
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152628
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152629
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152630
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152631
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152632
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152633
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152634
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152635
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152636
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152637
TI  - Extrapleural thoracoplasty early in caseopneumonic tuberculosis.

PMID- 18152638
TI  - The combined procedure of vagotomy and partial gastric resection in the treatment
      of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18152639
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152640
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152641
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152642
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152643
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152644
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152646
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152645
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152648
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152647
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152649
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152650
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152651
TI  - A case of diphtheria presenting some unusual features.

PMID- 18152652
TI  - Head injuries.

PMID- 18152653
TI  - Present day treatment of diabetes.

PMID- 18152655
TI  - Chemotherapy and poliomyelitis; the use of darvisul on human subjects.

PMID- 18152654
TI  - Certain epidemiologic aspects of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18152656
TI  - Decline in streptococcic infections.

PMID- 18152657
TI  - The Rh antibody problem; differentiations of agglutinins, agglutinoids, and
      cryptagglutinoids.

PMID- 18152658
TI  - Modern management of acute abdominal conditions requiring surgery; the general
      practitioner's viewpoint.

PMID- 18152659
TI  - The present status of methionine.

PMID- 18152660
TI  - Recent research on penicillin action.

PMID- 18152661
TI  - Modern interpretation of cataract.

PMID- 18152662
TI  - Influence of anti-organ sera upon metabolic processes; influence of chick anti
      brain serum upon oxygen consumption of chick-brain homogenates.

PMID- 18152663
TI  - Frequency of cancer in 7,500 routine autopsies performed over a period of 43
      years at the University of Texas Medical Branch.

PMID- 18152664
TI  - Wilms tumor with unusual hematological findings in an infant 40 days old.

PMID- 18152666
TI  - The evaluation of anti-brain sera by tissue culture methods.

PMID- 18152665
TI  - Comparative bacteriostatic effect of aureomycin and streptomycin for Brucella.

PMID- 18152668
TI  - Outlook for improved drug therapy in geriatrics.

PMID- 18152667
TI  - Influence of anti-organ sera upon metabolic processes; the effect of antireticulo
      endothelial immune sera upon the dehydrogenase systems.

PMID- 18152669
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152670
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152671
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152672
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152673
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152674
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152675
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152676
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152677
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152679
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152678
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152680
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152682
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152681
TI  - Observations on the effect of antihistaminic compounds on the corneal reflex of
      rabbits.

PMID- 18152683
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152684
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152685
TI  - Vascular hypertension.

PMID- 18152686
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of carpal injuries.

PMID- 18152687
TI  - Acute thrombocytopenic purpura following massive hormone therapy in a pregnant
      diabetic.

PMID- 18152688
TI  - Influence of stilbamidine in multiple myeloma with pre-existing renal
      involvement; case report.

PMID- 18152689
TI  - The role of the liver in blood circulation.

PMID- 18152690
TI  - Surgical treatment of acute gallbladder in the first 72 hours.

PMID- 18152691
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152692
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152693
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152694
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152695
TI  - Osteoporosis of the pelvic bones (acute bone atrophy of Sudeck).

PMID- 18152697
TI  - Cervical stump in subtotal hysterectomy.

PMID- 18152696
TI  - Acute appendicitis in infants and children under 10 years of age.

PMID- 18152698
TI  - Refraction grievances; their cause and cure.

PMID- 18152699
TI  - The treatment of strabismus.

PMID- 18152700
TI  - Recent advances in the surgical treatment of colon and rectal disease.

PMID- 18152701
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152702
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152704
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152705
TI  - Subacute bacterial endocarditis; treatment with sulfonamides and penicillin.

PMID- 18152706
TI  - Prolonged rest vs ambulatory treatment of rheumatic fever.

PMID- 18152707
TI  - Tularemia in Wisconsin.

PMID- 18152709
TI  - A sick list without diagnoses.

PMID- 18152708
TI  - Atropine and physostigmine substitutes.

PMID- 18152710
TI  - Technicians' training at San Diego.

PMID- 18152711
TI  - Required reporting of casualties in the field.

PMID- 18152712
TI  - Emergency Medical Department facilities.

PMID- 18152713
TI  - Blood counts as diagnostic aids.

PMID- 18152714
TI  - Causalgia.

PMID- 18152715
TI  - Forecast of availability of Medical Department personnel.

PMID- 18152716
TI  - Elimination of undesirable personnel.

PMID- 18152717
TI  - Technical training facilities available in the European Command.

PMID- 18152718
TI  - Sanitation.

PMID- 18152719
TI  - Preparation and submission of medical records and reports.

PMID- 18152720
TI  - Veterinary service; EUCOM.

PMID- 18152721
TI  - Anomalies of the gallbladder and bile ducts.

PMID- 18152722
TI  - Carcinoma of the pancreas and ampullary region.

PMID- 18152723
TI  - The surgical treatment of intractable pain.

PMID- 18152724
TI  - Continuous sympathetic block; a new technique.

PMID- 18152725
TI  - Wounds of the chest.

PMID- 18152727
TI  - A note on cancer of the skin.

PMID- 18152726
TI  - Some fly larvae parasitic in man with particular reference to Manitoba.

PMID- 18152728
TI  - Factors in hospital staff planning; ancillary services.

PMID- 18152729
TI  - Posture and perverted physiology.

PMID- 18152730
TI  - Pseudoangina pectoris.

PMID- 18152731
TI  - Diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18152732
TI  - The osteopathic management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

PMID- 18152733
TI  - Neonatal asphyxia.

PMID- 18152734
TI  - Physiology of early ambulation.

PMID- 18152736
TI  - Hydrocephalus; a cause of dystocia.

PMID- 18152735
TI  - Repair of third degree lacerations of the perineum.

PMID- 18152737
TI  - Bound chlorine in casein and in tissue proteins.

PMID- 18152738
TI  - The growth mechanism of the epiphyseal cartilage in the light of experimental
      observations.

PMID- 18152739
TI  - Coxa vara congenita or infantum with pseudarthrosis in the neck of the femur.

PMID- 18152740
TI  - On the internal structure of the motor cells of the anterior horns and its
      changes in poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18152741
TI  - Notes on the histochemical aspect of the changes of the spinal motor cells in
      anoxia, vitamin E deficiency and poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18152742
TI  - On the treatment of radial palsy by tendon transplantation.

PMID- 18152743
TI  - On osteosynthesis in the treatment of pseudarthrosis of the femoral neck.

PMID- 18152744
TI  - A contribution to the treatment of pseudarthrosis of the femoral neck.

PMID- 18152745
TI  - Fractures of the carpal bones, with particular references to the scaphoid.

PMID- 18152746
TI  - Conservative treatment of clavicular fractures.

PMID- 18152747
TI  - On the technique and possibilities of reconstructive hand surgery.

PMID- 18152748
TI  - A simple instrument for a modified Bankart's operation for recurrent dislocation
      of the shoulder.

PMID- 18152750
TI  - On treatment of osteochondrosis of the spine by spinal fusion.

PMID- 18152749
TI  - The effect of tetraethyl ammonium bromide on dysbasia arteriosclerotica.

PMID- 18152751
TI  - Fracture of the astragalus.

PMID- 18152752
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152753
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152754
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152755
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152756
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152757
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152758
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152759
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152760
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152761
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152762
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152763
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152764
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152765
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152766
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152767
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152768
TI  - Developments in the New York State program for the institutional care of the
      mentally defective.

PMID- 18152769
TI  - Administrative practices to provide better psychiatric care of mental defectives.

PMID- 18152770
TI  - An occupational vocabulary for retarded adolescents.

PMID- 18152772
TI  - Is the brain-injured a mental defective?

PMID- 18152771
TI  - Phenylpyruvic acid factor in mental deficiency and mental illness.

PMID- 18152773
TI  - Birthweight and intelligence.

PMID- 18152774
TI  - The use of community resources in a small community to aid the future adjustment
      on mentally deficient cases.

PMID- 18152775
TI  - Some considerations of parental reactions to institutionalization of defective
      children.

PMID- 18152776
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152777
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152778
TI  - Interpretation of the electromyogram.

PMID- 18152779
TI  - Chronic rheumatic encephalitis; torsion dystonia and Hallervorden-Spatz disease.

PMID- 18152780
TI  - Acid phosphatase in the senile brain.

PMID- 18152781
TI  - Efficacy of the brief clinical interview method in predicting adjustments; 5 year
      follow-up study of 304 Army inductees.

PMID- 18152782
TI  - Folie a deux (psychosis of association).

PMID- 18152783
TI  - Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on diuretic response to water in psychotic
      patients.

PMID- 18152784
TI  - Tetraethylammonium chloride in treatment of herpes zoster and intercostal
      neuralgia.

PMID- 18152785
TI  - Neurologic manifestations associated with vitamin A deficiency in young ducks; a
      clinical and pathologic study.

PMID- 18152786
TI  - Injuries to the skull and brain in ancient Egypt; some notes on the mechanism;
      nature, and effects of cranial injuries from predynastic times to the end of the
      Ptolemaic period.

PMID- 18152787
TI  - Analysis of electroencephalographic findings in 40 cases of verified brain tumor;
      electroencephalographic findings in malignant cerebral gliomas.

PMID- 18152788
TI  - Anterior sacral meningocele; survey of literature and report of case.

PMID- 18152789
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152790
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152791
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152792
TI  - Structure and process in social relations.

PMID- 18152793
TI  - Human symbiosis.

PMID- 18152795
TI  - Boricua; a study of language, transculturation, and politics.

PMID- 18152794
TI  - Therapeutic readiness in child psychiatry.

PMID- 18152796
TI  - German words, German personality and protestantism again.

PMID- 18152797
TI  - Frontal lobotomy in Sweden.

PMID- 18152798
TI  - Dietary intakes of vitamin C in Iceland.

PMID- 18152799
TI  - Lambing in relation to the diet of the pregnant ewe.

PMID- 18152800
TI  - The losses of edible food due to plate waste, in army dining halls.

PMID- 18152801
TI  - Diet and resistance to experimental tuberculosis in mice.

PMID- 18152802
TI  - Antibody production in pyridoxin-deficient rats.

PMID- 18152803
TI  - Food poisoning with special reference to the foods concerned.

PMID- 18152804
TI  - Diet and disease of the liver.

PMID- 18152805
TI  - Nutrition and disease in veterinary research.

PMID- 18152806
TI  - Anti-B-vitamins.

PMID- 18152808
TI  - The rachitogenic effect of yeast.

PMID- 18152807
TI  - Phytic acid.

PMID- 18152809
TI  - Imbalance of fat-soluble vitamins.

PMID- 18152810
TI  - Toxoplasmosis, a summary of the disease with report of a case.

PMID- 18152811
TI  - Vascular changes in diabetes with particular reference to the retinal vessels;
      preliminary report.

PMID- 18152812
TI  - Contact lenses; an analysis of the results of use.

PMID- 18152813
TI  - The nature of the malignant choroidal melanomata.

PMID- 18152814
TI  - Interstitial keratitis occurring in a case of Reiter's disease.

PMID- 18152815
TI  - The nose of the pugilist.

PMID- 18152816
TI  - Correction of deep frown lines through intranasal incision.

PMID- 18152817
TI  - Allergies induced by cosmetics.

PMID- 18152818
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152819
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152820
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152821
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152822
TI  - A static and dynamic muscle schema.

PMID- 18152823
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152824
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152825
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152826
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152827
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152828
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152830
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152829
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152831
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152832
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152833
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152835
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152834
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152836
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152837
TI  - The blind-spot method in remedial reading.

PMID- 18152838
TI  - Aspects of asthenopia in industrial optometry.

PMID- 18152839
TI  - Fusion vs confusion; the philosophy of a visual skills training optometrist.

PMID- 18152840
TI  - Routine prescribing for the advanced presbyope.

PMID- 18152841
TI  - Preformed contact lenses.

PMID- 18152843
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152842
TI  - Congenital abnormalities of the eye.

PMID- 18152844
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152845
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152846
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152847
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152848
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152849
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152850
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152851
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152852
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152854
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152853
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152855
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152857
TI  - Histochemical studies in Gaucher's disease.

PMID- 18152856
TI  - The reaction produced in the pulmonary arteries by emboli of cotton fibers.

PMID- 18152858
TI  - A transplantable splenic tumor rich in mast cells; observations on mast cells in
      varied neoplasms.

PMID- 18152859
TI  - Sebaceous glands in normal and neoplastic parotid glands; possible significance
      of sebaceous glands in respect to the origin of tumors of the salivary glands.

PMID- 18152860
TI  - Combined liver cell and bile duct carcinoma.

PMID- 18152861
TI  - Pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 18152862
TI  - Histopathology of ovarian pseudomucinous cystadenoma.

PMID- 18152863
TI  - The topographic pathology of the cerebral lesions of acute poliomyelitis in man;
      the medulla oblongata.

PMID- 18152864
TI  - The recovery of skeletal muscle fibers from acute ischemia as determined by
      histologic and chemical methods.

PMID- 18152865
TI  - Blood cysts on the heart valves of infants.

PMID- 18152866
TI  - Calcification of the myocardium; a pathologic study of 13 cases.

PMID- 18152867
TI  - Lipid fractions of human adrenal glands.

PMID- 18152868
TI  - Action of iodine on goiters previously treated with thiouracil.

PMID- 18152869
TI  - Deposition and fate of plutonium, uranium and their fission products inhaled as
      aerosols by rats and man.

PMID- 18152870
TI  - New elastic fibers formed in the wall of the gallbladder in disease of the
      gallbladder; pathologic, clinical and roentgenologic data concerning a hitherto
      neglected lesion.

PMID- 18152871
TI  - Pathogenesis of experimental hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in the dog.

PMID- 18152872
TI  - Adenoma of ceruminous gland in the dog.

PMID- 18152873
TI  - Effect of experimental thiamine deficiency on the heart of the rhesus monkey.

PMID- 18152874
TI  - Psychosomatic symptoms resulting from the impact of war; observations in civilian
      medical practice.

PMID- 18152875
TI  - Streptomycin therapy in tuberculous meningitis.

PMID- 18152876
TI  - Treatment of infantile congenital syphilis; results with aqueous penicillin alone
      in 60 infants followed for an average of 2 years after treatment.

PMID- 18152877
TI  - Comparison of vitamin B1 levels in mothers and their newborn infants.

PMID- 18152878
TI  - Urinary glycocyamine, creatine and creatinine; their excretion by normal infants
      and children.

PMID- 18152879
TI  - Xanthoma of the stomach.

PMID- 18152880
TI  - The Edwin Smith surgical papyrus.

PMID- 18152881
TI  - Use of portacaval anastomosis in portal cirrhosis.

PMID- 18152882
TI  - Pseudohemophilia or chronic thrombasthenia.

PMID- 18152883
TI  - Treatment of jejunal ulcer; a comparative follow-up study.

PMID- 18152884
TI  - Situs inversus totalis; a statistical review of data on 76 cases with special
      reference to disease of the biliary tract.

PMID- 18152886
TI  - Recurrent paroxysmal tachycardia in a young infant.

PMID- 18152885
TI  - Pinworm infection and childhood behavior.

PMID- 18152887
TI  - Osteoma cutis.

PMID- 18152888
TI  - The baby's diaper with suggestions for its improvement.

PMID- 18152889
TI  - Streptomycin in the treatment of Hemophilus influenzae laryngotracheobronchitis.

PMID- 18152890
TI  - Primary ovarian agensis.

PMID- 18152891
TI  - Sudden and unexpected natural death in infants and young children.

PMID- 18152892
TI  - Pneumonia in infancy caused by Friedlander's bacillus.

PMID- 18152893
TI  - Erythema multiforme exudativum; Stevens-Johnson syndrome; cardiovascular and
      central nervous system involvement.

PMID- 18152894
TI  - The differential diagnosis of rheumatic fever and infections of the central
      nervous system.

PMID- 18152895
TI  - The emotional problems and education of hospitalized children.

PMID- 18152896
TI  - Hycodan (dihydrocodlinone) poisoning; complete recovery following an initial coma
      of 15 hours in a 3-year-old child.

PMID- 18152897
TI  - Fatal homologous serum hepatitis in a young infant; case report with necropsy
      studies.

PMID- 18152898
TI  - Poliomyelitis and acute salicylism.

PMID- 18152899
TI  - Gaucher's disease.

PMID- 18152900
TI  - Foreign body in bronchi.

PMID- 18152901
TI  - CHLORAMPHENICOL, new antibiotic.

PMID- 18152902
TI  - Medicine, today and tomorrow.

PMID- 18152903
TI  - The pharmaceutical industry and cancer research.

PMID- 18152904
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152905
TI  - Pharmacological properties of quinine methochloride.

PMID- 18152906
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152907
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152908
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152909
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152910
TI  - A toxicologic study of sodium malonate.

PMID- 18152911
TI  - Observations on the alpha (orthocresol) ether of glycerol (myanesin).

PMID- 18152912
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152913
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152914
TI  - An antagonism between trypaflavine and lanthanum ions.

PMID- 18152915
TI  - The effect of agar on the bacteriostatic activities of acridine.

PMID- 18152916
TI  - Density, specific gravity and weight per mil.

PMID- 18152917
TI  - Curare.

PMID- 18152918
TI  - Magic growth of Ferula.

PMID- 18152919
TI  - A further simplification in the use of isotonic diluting solutions.

PMID- 18152920
TI  - New Jersey pharmacy and American history.

PMID- 18152921
TI  - A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments.

PMID- 18152923
TI  - Studies of the metabolism of gallium.

PMID- 18152922
TI  - The inhibition of acid phosphatase of sheep brain.

PMID- 18152924
TI  - The effect of liver damage on the activity of g-strophanthin in the rat.

PMID- 18152925
TI  - Further observations on the effect of prolonged thiopental (pentothal) anesthesia
      on metabolism of carbohydrates and of proteins in dogs.

PMID- 18152926
TI  - The pharmacology of 3-(N-piperidyl)-1-phenyl-1-cyclohexyl-1-propanol hydrochloric
      acid (artane) and related compounds; new antispasmodic agents.

PMID- 18152927
TI  - The effects of naphthoquinones on glycolysis in muscle extracts.

PMID- 18152928
TI  - The effects of amidines and related compounds on glycolysis in muscle extracts.

PMID- 18152929
TI  - Amino aciduria in uranium poisoning; the use of the amino-acid nitrogen to
      creatinine ratio in spot samples of urine.

PMID- 18152930
TI  - The effect of nitrogen mustard on certain synthetic reactions in vitro.

PMID- 18152931
TI  - Effects of phenobarbital on oxygen consumption of brain slices.

PMID- 18152932
TI  - Pharmacological studies on the hypnotic, 2-ethyl-3-propylglycidamide.

PMID- 18152933
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152934
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152935
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152936
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152937
TI  - Studies on local anesthetics; pharmacological properties of homologues and
      isomers of xylocain (alkyl amino-acyl derivatives).

PMID- 18152938
TI  - Adaptation factors to weak light-adaptation of isolated retinal elements.

PMID- 18152939
TI  - Further investigations on the transformation of histidine and related substances
      to creatine by animal tissue in vitro.

PMID- 18152940
TI  - A respiration valve with insignificant dead space.

PMID- 18152941
TI  - On the presence of erythropoietins in the plasma from sheep foetuses during the
      latter half of gestation.

PMID- 18152942
TI  - Effect of dihydroergotamine on the oxygen consumption; experiments on cats.

PMID- 18152943
TI  - Impulses from a cutaneous receptor with slow adaptation and low mechanical
      threshold.

PMID- 18152944
TI  - Ischaemic paralysis of a uniform nerve.

PMID- 18152945
TI  - What is industrial psychology?

PMID- 18152946
TI  - Vocational guidance in Warrington.

PMID- 18152947
TI  - Determination of optimal test length to maximize the multiple correlation.

PMID- 18152948
TI  - A method of matrix analysis of group structure.

PMID- 18152949
TI  - Application of the concept of simple structure to Alexander's data.

PMID- 18152950
TI  - Development of a method for increasing the utility of multiple correlations by
      considering both testing time and test validity.

PMID- 18152951
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152952
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152953
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152954
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152955
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152956
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152957
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152958
TI  - The campaign against tuberculosis in the Swedish defense forces.

PMID- 18152959
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152960
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152961
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152962
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152963
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152964
TI  - The epidemiology of poliomyelitis with particular reference to the County of
      Dorset and the 1947 epidemic.

PMID- 18152966
TI  - Survey of cemetery memorial industry in Indiana.

PMID- 18152965
TI  - Finding cancer's vulnerable spot.

PMID- 18152967
TI  - Trends in public health nursing.

PMID- 18152968
TI  - Why meat spoils; the need for sanitation in the meat industry.

PMID- 18152969
TI  - The effect of chlorinated hydrocarbons on hydrogen sulfide production.

PMID- 18152970
TI  - Coliform death rates resulting from chlorination of raw sewage.

PMID- 18152971
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152972
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18152973
TI  - The possibilities and limitations of roentgen diagnosis.

PMID- 18152974
TI  - The roentgen findings in intracranial mass lesions.

PMID- 18152975
TI  - The roentgenologic diagnosis of prolapsed gastric mucosa.

PMID- 18152976
TI  - Arachnodactyly (marfan's syndrome) two case reports with etiological
      implications.

PMID- 18152977
TI  - The quantitative evaluation of bone density.

PMID- 18152978
TI  - Subacute (pseudotuberculous, giant cell) thyroiditis and its treatment.

PMID- 18152979
TI  - Sarcoma of the uterus; a report of nine cases.

PMID- 18152980
TI  - Studies on the metabolism of radioisotopes by various fungi and bacteria; the
      distribution of organisms containing radioiodine (I131) in the animal body.

PMID- 18152981
TI  - Portable projector for roentgenograms.

PMID- 18152982
TI  - The technique of angiocardiography.

PMID- 18152983
TI  - Simple technique in radiographic examinations of obstetrical cases.

PMID- 18152984
TI  - The preparation and posing of children for X-ray examination.

PMID- 18152985
TI  - Roentgen ray protection and irradiation hazards due to over-exposure.

PMID- 18152986
TI  - A method for placing both antero-posterior and lateral projections of the lumbar
      area on one film.

PMID- 18152987
TI  - A different approach to hot weather film processing.

PMID- 18152988
TI  - A simple questionnaire for the taking of histories in cases of cancer.

PMID- 18152989
TI  - Vagotomy and the anatomic variations in the vagus nerve.

PMID- 18152990
TI  - Treatment of acute peritonitis with aureomycin.

PMID- 18152991
TI  - Injection into the intercostal nerves for the relief of postoperative pain.

PMID- 18152992
TI  - Arthrodesis of the ankle joint.

PMID- 18152993
TI  - Cryptomenorrhea congenital and acquired.

PMID- 18152994
TI  - Recent experiences with the corkscrew bolt in fractures of the hip.

PMID- 18152995
TI  - Injection of mandibular nerve and gasserian ganglion; an anatomic study.

PMID- 18152996
TI  - Clinical manifestations of the sympathetic reflex arc.

PMID- 18152997
TI  - Gastrojejunocolic fistula.

PMID- 18152998
TI  - Mistakes in the diagnosis of cancer.

PMID- 18152999
TI  - Giant follicular lymphoblastoma of the appendix.

PMID- 18153000
TI  - Hematoma of the scrotum.

PMID- 18153001
TI  - Instrument for precise formation of the tube graft and French flap.

PMID- 18153002
TI  - Congenital cystic disease of the lung in infants and in children.

PMID- 18153003
TI  - Bleeding peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18153004
TI  - Effect of application of several antibacterial substances on healing of wounds.

PMID- 18153005
TI  - Costoclavicular compression; relation to the scalenus anticus and cervical rib
      syndromes.

PMID- 18153006
TI  - Retrocaval ureter.

PMID- 18153007
TI  - Acute mesenteric lymphadenitis.

PMID- 18153008
TI  - Severe interference with bile flow in primary hepatitis; its significance in the
      differential diagnosis of jaundice.

PMID- 18153009
TI  - Submucous lipomas of the colon.

PMID- 18153010
TI  - Bleeding control and absorption of synthetic adhesives; a second report.

PMID- 18153011
TI  - Multiple primary tumors with fibrosarcoma and coexisting carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 18153012
TI  - Intra-arterial administration of penicillin with special reference to bone marrow
      concentration; an experimental study.

PMID- 18153013
TI  - Remarks on anaesthetics.

PMID- 18153014
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153015
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153016
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153017
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153018
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153019
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153020
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153022
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153021
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153023
TI  - The patient's view of occupational therapy.

PMID- 18153024
TI  - Infantile paralysis; what does it mean to the patient?

PMID- 18153025
TI  - Occupational therapy in pediatrics.

PMID- 18153026
TI  - Rehabilitation of the injured chest.

PMID- 18153027
TI  - The importance of stabilization.

PMID- 18153029
TI  - Modern U.S.W. generator for diathermy.

PMID- 18153028
TI  - Burns and the physiotherapist.

PMID- 18153030
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153031
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153032
TI  - The pattern of the literature of amebiasis, 1932-1947; a commentary on trends.

PMID- 18153033
TI  - Suggestions for the future.

PMID- 18153034
TI  - The tropics and the white man.

PMID- 18153035
TI  - The occurrence of Endamoeba polecki, Prowazek 1912, in Macaca mulatta and in man.

PMID- 18153036
TI  - The effect of certain arsenicals on natural infections of Endamoeba histolytica
      and of Endamoeba polecki in Macaca mulatta.

PMID- 18153037
TI  - Chemotherapy of experimental Endamoeba histolytica infection in dogs.

PMID- 18153038
TI  - Endemic fulminating amebic dysentery.

PMID- 18153039
TI  - Parenteral use of camoquin hydrochloride as an antimalarial.

PMID- 18153040
TI  - Trypanosoma equiperdum, Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma hippicum infections in
      avian hosts.

PMID- 18153041
TI  - The susceptibility of African wild animals to yellow fever.

PMID- 18153042
TI  - Phthalylsulfacetimide (thalamyd) in cholera.

PMID- 18153043
TI  - A laboratory epidemiological study of certain infectious diseases in Liberia.

PMID- 18153044
TI  - Tropical disease problems among veterans of World War II.

PMID- 18153045
TI  - Incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi, Chagas, in Triatoma Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in
      Texas.

PMID- 18153046
TI  - Bird malaria parasites found in Malay Peninsula.

PMID- 18153047
TI  - The effect of chloroquine diphosphate on malaria splenomegaly.

PMID- 18153048
TI  - The inflammatory reaction to toxoplasma in the omentum and peritoneal fluid of
      the mouse.

PMID- 18153049
TI  - A study of human salmonellosis in North and South America.

PMID- 18153050
TI  - Plague among wild rodents in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico.

PMID- 18153051
TI  - Sheep and goats in the epidemiology of Q fever in northern California.

PMID- 18153052
TI  - Analyses from a tropical epidemic of poliomyelitis which occurred in Florida and
      Cuba in 1946.

PMID- 18153053
TI  - The invasion of small forests by yellow fever virus as indicated by immunity in
      Cebus monkeys.

PMID- 18153054
TI  - Comparative efficacy of certain South American Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes as
      laboratory vectors of yellow fever.

PMID- 18153055
TI  - Methods of pinworm diagnosis.

PMID- 18153056
TI  - Treatment of Loa loa infections with hetrazan.

PMID- 18153057
TI  - An intensive treatment regimen of vesical schistosomiasis with fuadin.

PMID- 18153058
TI  - A tropical chigger, Eutrombicula batatas Linn. attacking man in California.

PMID- 18153059
TI  - A note on Giemsa stains.

PMID- 18153060
TI  - Tuberculosis of the eye.

PMID- 18153061
TI  - The tuberculosis service in Denmark.

PMID- 18153062
TI  - The future treatment of non-pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 18153063
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153064
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153065
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153066
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153067
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153068
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153069
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153070
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153071
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153072
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153073
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153074
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153075
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153076
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153077
TI  - Primary serous pleural effusion.

PMID- 18153078
TI  - Irregular discharges.

PMID- 18153079
TI  - Medical aspects of the social problem.

PMID- 18153080
TI  - The repression of prostitution and control of venereal disease.

PMID- 18153081
TI  - An interpretation of the sex factor in human life.

PMID- 18153082
TI  - The responsibility of the school for sex education.

PMID- 18153083
TI  - Matrology and patrology as university courses.

PMID- 18153084
TI  - VENEREAL disease control in Poland.

PMID- 18153085
TI  - The sex ratio of human stillbirths at each month of uterogestation and at
      conception.

PMID- 18153086
TI  - The reliability of the photogrammetric method of anthropometry, with a
      description of a miniature camera technique.

PMID- 18153087
TI  - An aircraft camera technique with flash or tungsten lighting.

PMID- 18153088
TI  - The cranio-facial fragment of Australopithecus prometheus.

PMID- 18153090
TI  - A study of the racial ancestry of the Mississippi college Negro.

PMID- 18153089
TI  - Racial and sexual differences in the frontal curvature and its relation to
      metopism.

PMID- 18153091
TI  - The first pelvic bones of Australopithecus prometheus; preliminary note.

PMID- 18153092
TI  - Studies on North American helminths of the genus Capillaria Zeder, 1800
      (Nematoda) capillarids from mammals.

PMID- 18153093
TI  - Studies on North American helminths of the genus Capillaria Zeder, 1800
      (Nematoda) additional capillarids from mammals with keys to the North American
      mammalian species.

PMID- 18153094
TI  - Studies on North American helminths of the genus capillaria Zeder, 1800
      (Nematoda) capillarids from the lower digestive tract of North American birds.

PMID- 18153095
TI  - Schistosome dermatitis in Seattle, Washington.

PMID- 18153096
TI  - Thyroid condition of chickens and development of parasitic nematodes.

PMID- 18153097
TI  - The comparative effect of some sulfonamides on experimental trichinosis in white
      mice.

PMID- 18153098
TI  - The early larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 in the snail host,
      Australorbis glabratus (Say, 1818).

PMID- 18153099
TI  - Post-cercarial development of Schistosoma mansoni in the rabbit and hamster after
      intraperitoneal and percutaneous infection.

PMID- 18153100
TI  - A new genus and species of mite from the nasal cavity of the ring-billed gull
      (Acarina, Epidermoptidae).

PMID- 18153101
TI  - On a larval nematode from an insect with a note on the genera Thubunaea Seurat,
      1914 and physalopteroides Wu and Liu, 1940.

PMID- 18153102
TI  - A critical study of North American cestodes of the genus Andrya with special
      reference to A. macrocephala Douthitt, 1915 (Cestoda:Anoplocephalidea).

PMID- 18153103
TI  - Studies on bovine gastro-intestinal parasites; additional infection experiments
      with the hookworm (Bunostomum phlebotomum) in the calf.

PMID- 18153104
TI  - On the precursors of the fertilization and the hyaline membranes in the egg of
      the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

PMID- 18153105
TI  - The protective action of cations on the membrane-forming capacity of echinoderm
      eggs.

PMID- 18153106
TI  - Effects of ultra-rapid and of slow freezing and thawing on mammalian
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 18153107
TI  - Radioactive sodium permeability and exchange in frog eggs.

PMID- 18153108
TI  - Studies in the regulation of blood-sugar concentration in crustaceans; normal
      values and experimental hyperglycemia in Libinia emarginata.

PMID- 18153109
TI  - Ovarian inhibition by a sinus-gland principle in the fiddler crab.

PMID- 18153110
TI  - Piperazine dihydrochloride and glycylglycine as non-toxic buffers in distilled
      water and in sea water.

PMID- 18153111
TI  - Chromatophorotropins in the central nervous organs of the crab, Hemigrapsus
      oregonensis.

PMID- 18153112
TI  - Some effects of centrifuging upon protoplasmic streaming in Elodea.

PMID- 18153113
TI  - The presence of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the ciliate Colpidium campylum.

PMID- 18153114
TI  - Gametogenesis in the oyster under conditions of depressed salinity.

PMID- 18153115
TI  - Form and growth in the development of a Scyphomedusa.

PMID- 18153116
TI  - Fundamental principles in oxidation-reduction.

PMID- 18153117
TI  - A study of the form and growth of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun.

PMID- 18153118
TI  - Definition and quantitative expression of ageing.

PMID- 18153119
TI  - The leucocytes in regenerating limbs of Triturus viridescens.

PMID- 18153120
TI  - The effect on embryos and young of rainbow trout from exposing the parent fish to
      X-rays.

PMID- 18153121
TI  - Biological problems and immunochemistry.

PMID- 18153122
TI  - Systematics, evolution, and anthropology in the light of immunology.

PMID- 18153123
TI  - The concept of homology in the light of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates.

PMID- 18153124
TI  - The measurement of coronary blood flow, oxygen consumption, and efficiency of the
      left ventricle in man.

PMID- 18153125
TI  - The role of desiccated thyroid and potassium iodide in the cholesterol-induced
      atherosclerosis of the chicken.

PMID- 18153126
TI  - Production of arteriosclerosis in dogs by cholesterol and thiouracil feeding.

PMID- 18153127
TI  - Surgical treatment of aneurysms.

PMID- 18153128
TI  - Plasma and blood infusion following myocardial infarction.

PMID- 18153129
TI  - The sounds and murmurs in coarctation of the aorta; a study by auscultation and
      phonocardiography.

PMID- 18153130
TI  - Interatrial septal defect.

PMID- 18153131
TI  - Observations on the potential variations of the cavities of the right side of the
      human heart.

PMID- 18153132
TI  - Duration of the Q-T interval in normal pregnant women.

PMID- 18153133
TI  - Isolated myocarditis in newborn and young infants.

PMID- 18153134
TI  - Time variable osmotic pressures produced by coupled reactions as a possible cause
      of cell division.

PMID- 18153135
TI  - A note on the diffusion drag forces.

PMID- 18153136
TI  - Note on a case of nonlinear diffusion.

PMID- 18153137
TI  - On the velocity of conduction in nerve fibers with saltatory transmission.

PMID- 18153138
TI  - The steady state kinetics of some biological systems.

PMID- 18153139
TI  - Relative reactivities of the geometrical isomers of hexachlorcyclohexane.

PMID- 18153140
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153141
TI  - Influence of the amino acid; dextrose reaction on growth of lactic acid bacteria.

PMID- 18153142
TI  - Nitrolysis of hexamethylenetetramine; nitrolysis of 1,5-endomethylene-3,7-dinitro
      1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane.

PMID- 18153143
TI  - Nitrolysis of hexamethylenetetramine; preparation of pure cyclonite.

PMID- 18153144
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153145
TI  - Molecular weight determination by isothermic microdistillation.

PMID- 18153146
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153147
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153148
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153149
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153150
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153151
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153152
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153153
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153154
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153155
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153156
TI  - Education for nuclear engineering.

PMID- 18153157
TI  - Preparation and use of neutron sources.

PMID- 18153158
TI  - Current ideas about mesons.

PMID- 18153159
TI  - Derivation and integration of the pile-kinetic equations.

PMID- 18153160
TI  - Adamantinomas of the jaw.

PMID- 18153161
TI  - A survey of the support given by the Oslo Health Insurance Office for social
      dental service in the years 1942-1947.

PMID- 18153162
TI  - The use of a mobile source of light in radiography.

PMID- 18153163
TI  - The buffer value of saliva and its relation to dental caries.

PMID- 18153164
TI  - The importance of simplicity in orthodontic mechanism and some essential
      requirements of such appliances.

PMID- 18153165
TI  - Orthodontics and a prescribed therapy.

PMID- 18153166
TI  - Principle of the variation factors and their influence upon the somatic
      deviations.

PMID- 18153167
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153168
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153169
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153170
TI  - A fact-finding investigation concerning the dentures and relevant matters of pure
      blood aboriginal children in central Australia.

PMID- 18153171
TI  - Operative correction of mandibular protrusion and asymmetry.

PMID- 18153172
TI  - A test for the end-point of decalcification of histological specimens.

PMID- 18153174
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153173
TI  - Aids to chairside technique in precision dentistry; the indirect impression and
      bite in inlay and crown and bridge technique.

PMID- 18153175
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153177
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153176
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153178
TI  - The porcelain jacket crown on malaligned, malposed and abnormally spaced teeth.

PMID- 18153179
TI  - Movable-removable bridgework.

PMID- 18153180
TI  - Bilateral fracture of an edentulous mandible immobilized with circumferential
      wires.

PMID- 18153181
TI  - Calculus in Wharton's duct complicated by cellulitis of the face.

PMID- 18153182
TI  - Fluoride publicity.

PMID- 18153183
TI  - The mandibular injection.

PMID- 18153184
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153186
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153185
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153187
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153188
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153189
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153190
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153191
TI  - Changes in the serum globulin content in the development of and the recovery from
      early syphilis.

PMID- 18153192
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153193
TI  - Secondary Bacillus pyocyaneus infection treated with streptomycin in a patient
      with neoarsphenamine dermatitis.

PMID- 18153194
TI  - Keratocystomatosis (Melczer) based on hypersensitivity to coal tar.

PMID- 18153195
TI  - Case of necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum.

PMID- 18153198
TI  - Case of Buerger's disease.

PMID- 18153197
TI  - Case of lichen striatus.

PMID- 18153196
TI  - Cases of occupational acne.

PMID- 18153199
TI  - Demonstration of spirochaetes in puncture fluid from axillary lymph glands of two
      cases of pityriasis rosea (mercuric-sulfide stain).

PMID- 18153200
TI  - Case of toxicoderma with pigmentation (fixed drug eruption).

PMID- 18153201
TI  - The incidence rate of syphilis among sailors.

PMID- 18153202
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153203
TI  - The histology of granuloma annulare compared with that of the necrobiotic nodules
      of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18153204
TI  - Acanthosis nigricans associated with bronchial carcinoma; report of two cases.

PMID- 18153205
TI  - [Behcet's syndrome].

PMID- 18153206
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153208
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153207
TI  - [Contemporary therapy of syphilitic expectant mothers].

PMID- 18153209
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153210
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153211
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153212
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153213
TI  - An evaluation of human serum albumin in the treatment of cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 18153214
TI  - The effect of human serum albumin, mercurial diuretics, and a low sodium diet on
      sodium excretion in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 18153216
TI  - The effects of dihydroergocornine on the circulation in the extremities of man.

PMID- 18153217
TI  - Studies of coproporphyrin; the per diem excretion and isomer distribution in the
      urine in infectious hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, and mechanical jaundice.

PMID- 18153218
TI  - Studies on vasomotor tone; the effect of the tetraethylammonium ion on the
      peripheral blood flow of normal subjects.

PMID- 18153219
TI  - The effect of anoxic anoxia on the human kidney.

PMID- 18153221
TI  - Concentration-time course in the plasma of man of radio-mercury introduced as a
      mercurial diuretic.

PMID- 18153226
TI  - Treatment of nephrosis with concentrated human serum albumin; effects on the
      proteins of body fluids.

PMID- 18153227
TI  - Mucolytic enzyme systems; inhibition of hyaluronidase by human blood serum during
      the normal menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

PMID- 18153228
TI  - Studies on amino acid excretion in man; amino acid levels in plasma and urine of
      normal man fed diets of varying protein content.

PMID- 18153229
TI  - Factors in the treatment of Laennec's cirrhosis; clinical and histological
      changes observed during a control period of bed-rest, alcohol withdrawal, and a
      minimal basic diet.

PMID- 18153231
TI  - Response of citric acid levels of normal adults and children to intramuscular
      injection of epinephrine.

PMID- 18153232
TI  - Studies of the effects of flavonoids on roentgen irradiation disease; comparison
      of the protective influence of some flavonoids and vitamin C in dogs.

PMID- 18153233
TI  - The plasma viscosity in pulmonary tuberculosis and rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 18153234
TI  - Clinical research as a career.

PMID- 18153235
TI  - The phenomenon of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18153236
TI  - Hyperinsulinism; a factor in the neuroses.

PMID- 18153237
TI  - Methionine.

PMID- 18153238
TI  - Effects of bone meal on oral structures in pregnancy.

PMID- 18153239
TI  - Observations of biliary-pancreatic dynamics in a normal human.

PMID- 18153240
TI  - Flocculation tests in the diagnosis of hepato-biliary disease.

PMID- 18153241
TI  - Glucose tolerance in patients with a peptic ulcer.

PMID- 18153242
TI  - Meckel's diverticulum.

PMID- 18153243
TI  - Fluid in the lesser omental sac as a cause of extra-gastric pressure defect.

PMID- 18153244
TI  - The gastric distention test in chronic gastritis.

PMID- 18153245
TI  - The control of esophageal hemorrhage by pneumatic tamponade and thrombin.

PMID- 18153246
TI  - Gastric and duodenal ulcer; similarities and differences.

PMID- 18153247
TI  - Recent studies on the mechanism of hydrochloric acid formation by the gastric
      glands.

PMID- 18153248
TI  - Duodenal ulcer; is the hypersecretion psychosomatic?

PMID- 18153249
TI  - Nervous storm due to pheochromocytomas.

PMID- 18153250
TI  - Empyema of the residual ureter.

PMID- 18153251
TI  - Genito-urinary aspects of early filariasis.

PMID- 18153252
TI  - Artificial insemination of poultry.

PMID- 18153253
TI  - Bovine mastitis in Bihar.

PMID- 18153254
TI  - Rabies in mongoose.

PMID- 18153255
TI  - Cysticercus cellulosae; their incidence in canines.

PMID- 18153256
TI  - Is the hypersecretion observed in duodenal ulcer patients due to excessive vagal
      stimuli to the stomach?

PMID- 18153257
TI  - Effects of the administration of thiouracil to dogs.

PMID- 18153258
TI  - Goitrogenic effect of aminothiazole and reactions of thymus and lympoid tissue.

PMID- 18153259
TI  - Depigmentation in Rana temporaria tadpoles as a result of methylthiouracil
      treatment.

PMID- 18153260
TI  - The metabolic response to thyroid depressant drugs in animals maintained in a
      cold environment.

PMID- 18153261
TI  - Urinary pregnanediol estimation as a test for pregnancy.

PMID- 18153262
TI  - Effect of chronic inanition on the gonadotrophic content of the pituitary gland.

PMID- 18153263
TI  - Fertilization and the transport of gametes in the pseudopregnant rabbit.

PMID- 18153264
TI  - Fructose and citric acid assay in the secretions of the accessory glands of
      reproduction as indicator tests of male sex hormone activity.

PMID- 18153265
TI  - Influence of methyltestosterone upon the endocrine kidney.

PMID- 18153266
TI  - The influence of age and sex on the life span of adrenalectomized rats.

PMID- 18153267
TI  - The fragmentation of eggs following induced ovulation in immature rats.

PMID- 18153268
TI  - The urinary excretion of neutral 17-ketosteroids in childhood.

PMID- 18153269
TI  - The effect of diethylstilboestrol administration during pregnancy upon the
      urinary excretion of pregnanediol and natural oestrogens.

PMID- 18153270
TI  - Further observations on the effects of adrenalectomy on lactating rats studied by
      the paired-feeding technique.

PMID- 18153271
TI  - Some aspects of the brain phosphorus metabolism after hypophysectomy.

PMID- 18153272
TI  - Treatment of intermittent claudication with testosterone.

PMID- 18153273
TI  - Relative growth of the mammary gland in the normal, gonadectomized and
      adrenalectomized rat.

PMID- 18153274
TI  - The art of science; a reply to Redfield.

PMID- 18153275
TI  - The productivity of social scientists.

PMID- 18153277
TI  - STUDENTS' dissertations in sociology.

PMID- 18153276
TI  - Rural social organization and co-operative labor.

PMID- 18153278
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153279
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153280
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153281
TI  - A few fresh-water micro-organisms.

PMID- 18153282
TI  - The demonstration of cellular elements by the use of filters in photomicroscopy.

PMID- 18153283
TI  - An aid for close range clinical photographs.

PMID- 18153284
TI  - Intra-oral photography; the value of correct patient-photographer relationship.

PMID- 18153285
TI  - Giant molecules.

PMID- 18153286
TI  - Orientation and methods of communication of the honey bee and its sensitivity to
      the polarization of the light.

PMID- 18153287
TI  - Reduction of optical reflectivity of glass surfaces resulting from ion
      bombardment.

PMID- 18153288
TI  - Structure of cosmic-ray air showers.

PMID- 18153289
TI  - Crystal structure of cytidine.

PMID- 18153290
TI  - Structure of flavoglaucin and auroglaucin.

PMID- 18153291
TI  - A method for determining the ratio of the Michaelis constants of an enzyme with
      respect to two substrates.

PMID- 18153292
TI  - Evolution of the giraffe.

PMID- 18153293
TI  - D.D.T. as a residual insecticide against Anopheles maculipennis.

PMID- 18153294
TI  - Control of pigment migration in crustaceans.

PMID- 18153297
TI  - International exchange of scientists.

PMID- 18153298
TI  - Physicochemical behaviour of cytoplasm.

PMID- 18153299
TI  - Chemical research laboratory.

PMID- 18153300
TI  - Statistical methods in detergency investigations.

PMID- 18153301
TI  - Detection of centers of symmetry by an X-ray method.

PMID- 18153302
TI  - Importance of trace elements in nutrition.

PMID- 18153303
TI  - The mathematics of communication.

PMID- 18153304
TI  - Allergic mechanisms in nervous disease.

PMID- 18153305
TI  - Schizophrenia and stress.

PMID- 18153306
TI  - IN Cleveland, curious children (and adults) examine the human animal.

PMID- 18153308
TI  - HUMAN geography.

PMID- 18153307
TI  - Penicillin's new cousin.

PMID- 18153309
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153310
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153311
TI  - Science, psychiatry, survival.

PMID- 18153312
TI  - Non-profit health insurance to meet America's needs.

PMID- 18153313
TI  - Scientific analysis or fear in human relations.

PMID- 18153314
TI  - MARRIAGES fewer this year.

PMID- 18153315
TI  - DROWNINGS most frequent in July.

PMID- 18153316
TI  - A new copepod (Cyclopoida: Clausidiidae) parasitic on mud shrimps in Louisiana.

PMID- 18153317
TI  - A new species of trematode, Podocotyle gibbonsia, from tide pool fishes of
      Monterey Bay, California.

PMID- 18153318
TI  - Effects of allyl isothiocyanate upon Spirostomum ambiguum.

PMID- 18153319
TI  - An easy method for the preparation of en face view of small nematodes.

PMID- 18153320
TI  - The effects of ultra-violet radiations on Spirostomum ambiguum.

PMID- 18153321
TI  - Some morphological and histological studies of the developing compound eye in the
      vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 18153323
TI  - Lysenko's Marxist genetics; science or religion?

PMID- 18153322
TI  - The population problems in India and Pakistan.

PMID- 18153324
TI  - The genetics controversy in the U.S.S.R.; a bibliographic survey.

PMID- 18153325
TI  - [Contribution to the prevention of postoperative urinary retention after
      gynecological operations].

PMID- 18153326
TI  - [Bladder changes in the treatment of cancer of the cervix].

PMID- 18153327
TI  - [Stones in the bladder and doubled ureters].

PMID- 18153328
TI  - [Intrauterine use of the follicular hormone].

PMID- 18153329
TI  - [Optimal pH for the growth of Candida albicans, Robin, Berkhout].

PMID- 18153330
TI  - [Influence of boric acid on strains of the genus Candida].

PMID- 18153331
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of boric compounds on mycoses].

PMID- 18153332
TI  - [Treatment of vaginal discharge with paravaginal anaesthetic block].

PMID- 18153333
TI  - [Ematosalpinge simulating the hematocele lonely].

PMID- 18153334
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153335
TI  - [Cardiovascular diseases and major operations of gynecology].

PMID- 18153336
TI  - [Early experiments with Trilene in obstetric analgesia].

PMID- 18153337
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153338
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153339
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153340
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153341
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153342
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153343
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153344
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153345
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153346
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153347
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153348
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153349
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153350
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153351
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153352
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153353
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153354
TI  - [Genital malformations; uterus bicornis rudimentarius solidus with fibroid,
      vaginal rudimentary; disorder receptivity].

PMID- 18153355
TI  - [Syphilis and fetal death].

PMID- 18153356
TI  - [Pelvic tumors, hydrothorax and ascites].

PMID- 18153357
TI  - [Mono-amniotic twin pregnancy].

PMID- 18153358
TI  - [Sickle cell anemia complicated by pregnancy].

PMID- 18153359
TI  - [On the incidence of fetal erythroblastosis].

PMID- 18153360
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153361
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153362
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153363
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153364
TI  - The determination of heparin in blood.

PMID- 18153365
TI  - The medical audit; what can it achieve?

PMID- 18153366
TI  - Some aspects of atomic defense.

PMID- 18153367
TI  - Further studies of the immunological properties of polysaccharides from Serratia
      marcescens (Bacillus prodigiosus) nature of the antigenic action and the antibody
      response in mice.

PMID- 18153368
TI  - Influence of mode of immunization on the relationship between the development of
      tissue titers and the release of hemolysins in vitro.

PMID- 18153369
TI  - The immunochemistry of allergens; the relationship of carbohydrate to the
      antigenic properties of the allergenic protein from cottonseed.

PMID- 18153370
TI  - Prophylactic use of schistosomal antigen.

PMID- 18153371
TI  - Some quantitative aspects of immune hemolysis.

PMID- 18153372
TI  - Rift Valley fever; accidental infections among laboratory workers.

PMID- 18153373
TI  - Quantitative studies on induction of active immunity to smooth, V form Salmonella
      typhosa; a comparison of antigenicity of heat-killed and Formalin-killed
      bacterial suspensions.

PMID- 18153374
TI  - The use of adjuvants in the production of Rh antisera in animals.

PMID- 18153375
TI  - The effect of various dyes in vitro and in vivo upon influenza virus infection in
      mice.

PMID- 18153376
TI  - Ingenious and unusual devices for use in industrial medical departments.

PMID- 18153377
TI  - Are annual physical examinations in the automobile industry desirable?

PMID- 18153378
TI  - Industrial medical potentials; a time and job analysis of medicine in industry.

PMID- 18153379
TI  - Herniated intervertebral disk.

PMID- 18153380
TI  - Basis of approvals of medical services in industry.

PMID- 18153381
TI  - Nutritional factors affecting the toxicity of some aromatic hydrocarbons with
      special reference to benzene and nitrobenzene compounds; a review.

PMID- 18153382
TI  - Occupational poisoning by alkyl mercury compounds.

PMID- 18153383
TI  - Human problems in industrial machine design.

PMID- 18153384
TI  - Effect of para-aminobenzoic acid on the in vivo oxidation of hemoglobin.

PMID- 18153385
TI  - Physiologic response of animals exposed to air-borne ketene.

PMID- 18153386
TI  - Cutaneous cleansing for industrial workers.

PMID- 18153387
TI  - Medical control of beryllium poisoning.

PMID- 18153388
TI  - Clinical manifestations of intercapillary glomerulosclerosis in diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 18153389
TI  - Experiences with the Kolff artificial kidney.

PMID- 18153390
TI  - Acute urinary suppression; observations in 22 patients.

PMID- 18153391
TI  - Clinical and metabolic study of 11-dehydro-17-hydroxycorticosterone acetate
      (Kendall compound E) in hypertension, Addison's disease and diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 18153392
TI  - Role of the neurohypophysis in the pathogenesis of hypertension and some allied
      disorders associated with aging.

PMID- 18153393
TI  - Origin and nature of antibiotics.

PMID- 18153394
TI  - Progressive hepatic disease.

PMID- 18153395
TI  - Chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 18153396
TI  - Megaloblastic bone marrow in liver disease.

PMID- 18153397
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153399
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153398
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153401
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153400
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153402
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153403
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153405
TI  - [The biological evaluation of Digitalis purpurea].

PMID- 18153404
TI  - [Considerations on cardiac events in 150 avitaminotics in the General Hospital].

PMID- 18153406
TI  - [Critical study of the functional tests of the stomach and intestine].

PMID- 18153407
TI  - [Standard stool test for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites].

PMID- 18153408
TI  - Nutritional disease in India.

PMID- 18153409
TI  - Facts and fads about food and nutrition.

PMID- 18153410
TI  - Aetiology of early vitamins-deficiency states.

PMID- 18153411
TI  - Evaluation of nutritional status.

PMID- 18153412
TI  - Nutritional background in psychological inadequacies in children.

PMID- 18153413
TI  - Nutrition in surgery.

PMID- 18153415
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153414
TI  - Vitamins and their relation to cardiovascular disorders.

PMID- 18153416
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153417
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153418
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153419
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153420
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153421
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153422
TI  - The mind of mechanical man.

PMID- 18153423
TI  - Injuries to the superior longitudinal sinus.

PMID- 18153424
TI  - A case of bilateral pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 18153425
TI  - Aplastic anaemia following neoarsphenamine.

PMID- 18153426
TI  - Histamine headache.

PMID- 18153427
TI  - A case of arteriovenous aneurysm.

PMID- 18153428
TI  - Continuous suction; a new hydrodynamic method.

PMID- 18153429
TI  - Ogilvie's syndrome.

PMID- 18153430
TI  - An authoritarian panacea.

PMID- 18153431
TI  - The context of themes.

PMID- 18153432
TI  - The Chatelperron skulk, a rediscovered human skull-cap from the French early
      Upper Palaeolithic.

PMID- 18153434
TI  - Acute infectious lymphocytosis; review of the literature and report of a case.

PMID- 18153433
TI  - Causes of death of infants delivered by cesarean section; an analyses of the
      cases of 512 babies born during a 20 year period.

PMID- 18153435
TI  - Squamous carcinoma of the cervix with extensions or metastasis, to the fundus of
      the uterus.

PMID- 18153436
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153437
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153438
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153439
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153440
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153441
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153442
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153443
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153444
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153445
TI  - Arterial transfusion.

PMID- 18153446
TI  - Treatment of congestive heart failure.

PMID- 18153447
TI  - Malignant hypertension.

PMID- 18153448
TI  - Actinomycosis of the abdominal viscera.

PMID- 18153449
TI  - Lower nephron nephrosis.

PMID- 18153450
TI  - The in vitro digestion of casein and the determination of some of the amino acids
      in the cleavage products.

PMID- 18153451
TI  - The electroencephalogram as a diagnostic adjunct; an analysis of 500 tracings.

PMID- 18153452
TI  - Retroperitoneal liposarcoma; a case report.

PMID- 18153453
TI  - Preservation of fertility in calcareous tuberculous seminal vesiculitis.

PMID- 18153454
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153455
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153456
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153457
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153458
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153459
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153460
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153461
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153462
TI  - What's new in gastroenterology.

PMID- 18153463
TI  - What's new in orthopedics.

PMID- 18153464
TI  - What's new in gynecology.

PMID- 18153465
TI  - The effect of vitamin B12 on the anemia and combined system disease of addisonian
      pernicious anemia.
AB  - The effect of the parenteral administration of vitamin B(12) has been observed in
      eight patients with Addisonian pernicious anemia. Vitamin B(12) in initial doses
      of 50 micrograms or 25 micrograms induced satisfactory reticulocyte response and
      a return of erythrocyte count to within normal range in 60 days. In only two of
      the patients were secondary reticulocyte responses induced on a second injection
      of vitamin B(12). Concurrently with the hemopoietic response, the bone marrow
      changed from megaloblastic hyperplasia to normoblastic distribution. The
      paresthesias associated with combined system disease as well as disturbances in
      position sense and locomotor function may be entirely relieved or greatly
      diminished following injections of vitamin B(12). Maintenance injections of
      vitamin B(12) may be from 30 to 50 micrograms at intervals of one month, the
      amount depending upon the individual case. Vitamin B(12) may be used without
      untoward symptoms in patients previously sensitive to liver extract.

PMID- 18153466
TI  - Psychotherapy of functional dermatoses; its value and limitations as applied to
      neurodermatitis.
AB  - Etiologically, neurodermatitis is interpreted as an often manifestly hereditary
      diathesis which is frequently complicated and exacerbated by disturbances of the
      patient's emotional and psychic structure. The following traits are commonly
      exhibited, singly or in combination: a tendency toward excitability and an
      exaggerated capacity for response to stimuli, polyvalent dermal hypersensitivity,
      a propensity to vascular disturbances, a personality somewhat obsessional in
      structure and evidence of deep-seated emotional conflict. Shallow psychotherapy,
      an indispensable adjunct to the treatment of neurodermatitis, can be successfully
      applied by any dermatologic physician adequately endowed with patience, sympathy
      and tact. This method does not achieve a cure, but, properly applied, it can
      immeasurably improve the patient's lot.

PMID- 18153467
TI  - The changing outlook in coronary disease.
AB  - The statistical prognosis for patients who survive a first attack of coronary
      thrombosis, as regards both life expectancy and ability to return to normal
      activity, has been greatly improved in recent years. In the light of advances in
      understanding of the physiology of the heart and improvements in therapeutic
      methods, physicians must reevaluate ideas of what a patient should be permitted
      to do after recovery from an initial attack. Often a return to normal pursuits
      may be better for the patient than drastic restriction of activity, particularly
      because of the psychological and emotional effects of invalidism. In deciding
      what advice to give on this score, the physician should consider in each case not
      only the actual amount of coronary circulation but such factors as the patient's
      temperament, type of occupation and economic status. The goal should be to guide
      each patient back to usefulness within the limits of his cardiac reserve.

PMID- 18153468
TI  - Primary systemic amyloidosis.

PMID- 18153469
TI  - Violent reaction to phenolphthalein.

PMID- 18153470
TI  - Primary biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 18153471
TI  - Anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 18153472
TI  - The use of BCG.

PMID- 18153473
TI  - Some unanswered questions in clinical allergy.

PMID- 18153474
TI  - Organization of a combined dermatological-radiotherapeutic centre in the Canadian
      army overseas.

PMID- 18153475
TI  - Some industrial injuries of the shoulder joint.

PMID- 18153476
TI  - Aspects of perennial allergic rhinitis and asthma in childhood.

PMID- 18153477
TI  - Modified Denis Browne operation for hypospadias.

PMID- 18153478
TI  - A survey of 16 cases of malignant melanoma of uveal tract.

PMID- 18153479
TI  - Subaortic stenosis in an adult.

PMID- 18153480
TI  - Labour complicated by cervical atresia.

PMID- 18153481
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153482
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153483
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153484
TI  - Acute salpingitis.

PMID- 18153485
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153486
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153487
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153488
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153489
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153491
TI  - [Uretero-intestinal transplantation].

PMID- 18153490
TI  - Surgery of the sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 18153492
TI  - [From mercury to streptomycin; evolution of chemotherapy].

PMID- 18153493
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153494
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153495
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153496
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153497
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153498
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153499
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153500
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153501
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153502
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153503
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153504
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153505
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153506
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153507
TI  - Dilatation of the cervix and curettage of the uterus.

PMID- 18153509
TI  - Surgical repair of inguinal hernia based upon closure of internal inguinal
      sphincter.

PMID- 18153508
TI  - Incidence of malignancy in nontoxic nodular thyroid disease.

PMID- 18153510
TI  - Diverticulitis resulting in sigmoido-salpingal fistula.

PMID- 18153511
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma and hypernephroma occurring in the same kidney; a case
      report with a review of the literature.

PMID- 18153512
TI  - Rupture of the uterus.

PMID- 18153513
TI  - Technic of the pregnandiol precipitation test.

PMID- 18153514
TI  - Migraine in the female treated with methyl testosterone; observations in 35
      patients.

PMID- 18153515
TI  - The beneficial effect of pregnancy on human peptic ulcer and the beneficial anti
      ulcer effect of the pituitary-adrenal complex on experimental ulcers; a possible
      explanation.

PMID- 18153516
TI  - Subdural empyema probably secondary to infected chronic subdural hematoma; case
      report.

PMID- 18153517
TI  - The depressive effect of desiccated thyroid on I131 metabolism; a preliminary
      report.

PMID- 18153518
TI  - Unifying library resources within a general hospital.

PMID- 18153519
TI  - [Early surgery in acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 18153520
TI  - [New technique of complement fixation for Chagas disease; quantitative reaction
      with gelled antigen of cultures of Trypanosoma cruzi].

PMID- 18153521
TI  - [Experiments upon the conservation and virulence of a neurotropic virus; West
      Nile virus].

PMID- 18153522
TI  - [Trachoma, its epidemiology and prevention].

PMID- 18153523
TI  - [Cardiology in the United States of America].

PMID- 18153524
TI  - [Contribution to the study of surgical cure of varix of the lower limbs].

PMID- 18153525
TI  - [Therapeutic results obtained with streptomycin in cases of cutaneous
      tuberculosis, four cases treated].

PMID- 18153526
TI  - [Congenital heart disease].

PMID- 18153527
TI  - Some recent advances in cardiology.

PMID- 18153528
TI  - Diagnosis and therapy of congenital heart disease.

PMID- 18153529
TI  - An investigation into the varieties of Mycobacterium tuberculosis concerned in
      human non-pulmonary tuberculosis in Ireland.

PMID- 18153530
TI  - Report on BCG vaccination in St. Ultan's Hospital.

PMID- 18153531
TI  - Benign tumors of the breast.

PMID- 18153532
TI  - Peripheral nerve injuries from administration of penicillin; report of four
      clinical cases.

PMID- 18153533
TI  - Extradural hematoma in infancy and childhood.

PMID- 18153534
TI  - The problem of medical care for Navajo Indians.

PMID- 18153535
TI  - Treatment of paraplegia resulting from trauma to the spinal cord.

PMID- 18153536
TI  - A fatal reaction to methapyrilene.

PMID- 18153537
TI  - The allergic patient.

PMID- 18153538
TI  - An adolescent gynecological clinic; pertinent observations.

PMID- 18153539
TI  - Rheumatic fever with multiple manifestations.

PMID- 18153540
TI  - Stilbestrol in habitual and threatened abortion.

PMID- 18153541
TI  - A survey of cesarean sections performed at the New York Infirmary, 1940-1948.

PMID- 18153542
TI  - Treatment of hypertension with the rice diet.

PMID- 18153543
TI  - Epilepsy and hypoglycemia; their relation.

PMID- 18153544
TI  - The Rh factor and related subjects.

PMID- 18153545
TI  - Skiagram studies on the heart of athletes in health and in disease.

PMID- 18153546
TI  - Monocytic leukaemia with a report of two cases.

PMID- 18153547
TI  - Cysts of the spleen.

PMID- 18153549
TI  - The effect of treatment on the prognosis of late latent syphilis.

PMID- 18153548
TI  - On the theoretical background for the anticoagulant attack on thrombosis.

PMID- 18153550
TI  - Carcinoma of the prostate gland.

PMID- 18153552
TI  - Primary fibrositis.

PMID- 18153551
TI  - The value on the newer chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of leukemia and
      allied diseases.

PMID- 18153553
TI  - Q fever; historical review and present status.

PMID- 18153554
TI  - The visual study of heart vibrations and sounds as transmitted through the
      precordium.

PMID- 18153555
TI  - Chronic gastro-duodenal ulceration.

PMID- 18153556
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153557
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153559
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153558
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153560
TI  - Renal tumors; report of 24 cases, 1932-1948.

PMID- 18153561
TI  - Renal collapse following cholecystectomy with recovery; a case report.

PMID- 18153562
TI  - Pediatrics and its appeal to the general practitioner.

PMID- 18153563
TI  - Streptomycin in the treatment of tuberculosis.

PMID- 18153564
TI  - The use of the male Philippine Rana vittigera Wiegmann in the diagnosis of
      pregnancy.

PMID- 18153565
TI  - Biochemical studies on tuberculosis; the sedimentation rate as an index of
      protein deficiency rather than of the infectious activity in tuberculosis.

PMID- 18153567
TI  - Treatment of syphilis in infants and young children.

PMID- 18153566
TI  - Extract of the wings of the Philippine butterfly, Terias hecabe Linnaeus, a new
      antibiotic for malaria.

PMID- 18153568
TI  - Iron deficiency anemia in Bataan Province.

PMID- 18153569
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153570
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153571
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153572
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153573
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153574
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153575
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153576
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153577
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153578
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153579
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153580
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153581
TI  - Social factors in obstetrics.

PMID- 18153582
TI  - Some therapeutic and neurological aspects of peripheral nerve injuries.

PMID- 18153583
TI  - Haemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-A antibodies.

PMID- 18153584
TI  - Streptomycin in the treatment of actinomycosis; report on three cases.

PMID- 18153585
TI  - Intestinal actinomycosis treated with streptomycin.

PMID- 18153586
TI  - Treatment of hay-fever by injection of nasal mucosa with alcohol.

PMID- 18153587
TI  - Diphtheria prophylaxis in very young infants.

PMID- 18153588
TI  - REPORT of the Royal Commission on Population.

PMID- 18153589
TI  - Sensitivity to liver.

PMID- 18153590
TI  - Mind and mechanism.

PMID- 18153591
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153592
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153593
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153594
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153595
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153596
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153597
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153598
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153600
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153599
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153601
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153602
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153603
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153604
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153605
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153606
TI  - Localized myxedema.

PMID- 18153607
TI  - Bronchial asthma; a review of 405 cases.

PMID- 18153608
TI  - The problem of cancer diagnosis.

PMID- 18153609
TI  - [Hypertension].

PMID- 18153610
TI  - [Lentiginosis profuse, congenital pulmonary stenosis; epileptiform seizures].

PMID- 18153612
TI  - Meet the medical columnists.

PMID- 18153611
TI  - [Erythropoietic substances, the folic acid and vitamin B12 group].

PMID- 18153613
TI  - Your study habits.

PMID- 18153614
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153615
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153616
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153617
TI  - The place of hydrostatic pressure in the treatment of intussusception.

PMID- 18153619
TI  - The treatment of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis.

PMID- 18153618
TI  - The blocking of antibodies in vivo; preliminary investigation.

PMID- 18153620
TI  - Delayed labour.

PMID- 18153621
TI  - Hyperlipaemia with secondary xanthomatosis in chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 18153622
TI  - Tests to control horn flies with new insecticides.

PMID- 18153623
TI  - Two butoxypolypropylene glycol compounds as fly repellents for livestock.

PMID- 18153624
TI  - Parathion for control of pests of ornamental and flowering plants.

PMID- 18153625
TI  - Control of black fly larvae in Alaskan streams by aerial applications of DDT.

PMID- 18153626
TI  - Actinomycosis of or surrounding an ovary.

PMID- 18153627
TI  - Rheumatism research.

PMID- 18153629
TI  - The frozen shoulder.

PMID- 18153628
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 18153630
TI  - Drugs in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 18153631
TI  - The hepatoendothelial and hepatoepithelial system; a new method of diagnosis and
      specific treatment of diseases of the liver.

PMID- 18153632
TI  - Studies of glaucoma.

PMID- 18153633
TI  - First aid; transport.

PMID- 18153634
TI  - Four centuries of the plague in England.

PMID- 18153635
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153636
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153637
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153638
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153639
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153640
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153641
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153642
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153643
TI  - Medical science under dictatorship.

PMID- 18153644
TI  - Diagnosis of early carcinoma of the cervix by sponge biopsy.

PMID- 18153645
TI  - Dihydrostreptomycin in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with particular
      reference to its toxicity as compared with that of streptomycin.

PMID- 18153646
TI  - Fractures of the distal end of the radius complicated by fractures of the carpal
      scaphoid.

PMID- 18153647
TI  - Cirrhosis of liver, alcoholic type, acutely progressive.

PMID- 18153648
TI  - Carcinoma of ascending colon, with metastases to brain, liver lung and lymph
      nodes.

PMID- 18153649
TI  - A case of reflex sympathetic dystrophy relieved by sympathectomy.

PMID- 18153650
TI  - The correlation between clinical estimation and laboratory determination of
      functional pulmonary capacity.

PMID- 18153651
TI  - Clinical experiences with the Rh factor in obstetrics.

PMID- 18153652
TI  - Streptomycin in the Negro with tuberculosis.

PMID- 18153653
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of common vesicular lesions of the hands and feet.

PMID- 18153654
TI  - Preoperative care of patients for intraocular surgery.

PMID- 18153655
TI  - Acute bacterial endocarditis of Salmonella origin.

PMID- 18153656
TI  - Polyneuritis with facial diplegia syndrome developing during antirabies
      vaccination.

PMID- 18153657
TI  - Studies on the plasma levels of vitamin A and carotene in diabetes mellitus and
      in cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 18153658
TI  - Specific immunization against tuberculosis and its application in New Zealand.

PMID- 18153659
TI  - Immunization against tuberculosis and its application to indigenous Pacific
      peoples.

PMID- 18153660
TI  - The care of the premature baby.

PMID- 18153661
TI  - Contractual and testamentary capacity; report of a case.

PMID- 18153662
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153663
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153664
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153665
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153666
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153667
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153668
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153669
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153670
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153671
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153672
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153673
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153674
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153675
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153676
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153677
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153678
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153679
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153680
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153681
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153682
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153683
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153684
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153685
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153686
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153688
TI  - Three suggestions for medical graduates.

PMID- 18153689
TI  - Some indications for sympathectomy.

PMID- 18153687
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153690
TI  - Appendicitis in old age; a clinical study of 53 cases in patients over 60 years
      of age.

PMID- 18153691
TI  - Omental infarction simulating acute appendicitis.

PMID- 18153692
TI  - Some factors having no relation to the production of electrocardiographic
      evidence of left ventricular strain.

PMID- 18153693
TI  - Electrocardiographic booby traps.

PMID- 18153694
TI  - The use of sulfonamide and antibiotic drugs in otolaryngology.

PMID- 18153695
TI  - Primary spontaneous pneumohemothorax; with the report of a case.

PMID- 18153696
TI  - The painful stiff shoulder.

PMID- 18153697
TI  - The coroner in court.

PMID- 18153698
TI  - The cancer clinic in a small hospital.

PMID- 18153699
TI  - Epidural spinal abscess.

PMID- 18153700
TI  - Fat necrosis of omentum with perforated duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 18153701
TI  - Hyperinsulinism caused by islet cell adenoma; review of the literature and report
      of a successful surgical case.

PMID- 18153702
TI  - Mesenteric cyst; case report of successful removal without resection of adjacent
      bowel in infant.

PMID- 18153703
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153704
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153705
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153706
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153707
TI  - [Oligobiopsy].

PMID- 18153708
TI  - [Electrocoagulation treatment of malignant tumor of the vulva].

PMID- 18153709
TI  - [Hormonal factor in the etiology and treatment of the cancer of the mammary
      glands].

PMID- 18153710
TI  - [Progress in diagnosis and treatment of the cancer of the breast].

PMID- 18153711
TI  - [Treatment of neoplasms of genito-urinary tract].

PMID- 18153712
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153713
TI  - Examination of the blood.

PMID- 18153714
TI  - Throat swabs.

PMID- 18153716
TI  - Blood cultures.

PMID- 18153715
TI  - Glycosuria.

PMID- 18153717
TI  - Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 18153718
TI  - The A.B.C. of geriatrics.

PMID- 18153719
TI  - The estimation of haemoglobin.

PMID- 18153720
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153721
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153722
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153723
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153724
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153725
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153726
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153727
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153728
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153729
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153730
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153731
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153732
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153733
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153734
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153735
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153736
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153737
TI  - Increase in resistance of tubercle bacilli to sodium p-aminosalicylic acid;
      observations on cultures isolated from patients during chemotherapy.

PMID- 18153738
TI  - A polythene prosthesis to replace the lung after pneumonectomy.

PMID- 18153739
TI  - The origin and evolution of diagnostic procedures with reference to diseases of
      the heart and circulation; the pulse.

PMID- 18153740
TI  - Cough and asthma.

PMID- 18153741
TI  - Discussion on the pathological features of cortical necrosis of the kidney and
      allied conditions associated with pregnancy.

PMID- 18153742
TI  - Vault-suspension.

PMID- 18153743
TI  - Some aspects of non-gonococcal infections of the genital tract.

PMID- 18153744
TI  - Birth conditions and dental deformities.

PMID- 18153745
TI  - Discussion on immunity responses in the young with special reference to
      diphtheria.

PMID- 18153746
TI  - Eighteenth century medical care; a study of Roxburghshire.

PMID- 18153747
TI  - Extensions of the tympanic cavity.

PMID- 18153748
TI  - The aetiology of swimmers' exostoses of the external auditory canals and of
      associated changes in hearing.

PMID- 18153749
TI  - Demonstration of the human labyrinth and its related structures in perspex.

PMID- 18153750
TI  - Discussion on the surgery of portal hypertension.
AB  - IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION, THREE PROBLEMS PRESENT: (1)
      mesenteric venous thrombosis, (2) haemorrhage from the alimentary tract, and (3)
      ascites.

PMID- 18153751
TI  - The retro-orbital tissues as a site of outflow of cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 18153752
TI  - Discussion on ophthalmic photography.

PMID- 18153753
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153754
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153755
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153756
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153757
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153758
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153759
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153760
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153761
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153762
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153763
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153764
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153765
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153766
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153767
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153768
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153769
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153770
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153771
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153772
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153773
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153774
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153775
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153776
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153777
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153778
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153779
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153780
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153781
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153782
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153783
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153784
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153785
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153786
TI  - Recent trends in surgery of the thorax.

PMID- 18153787
TI  - Ruptured intervertebral discs; diagnosis and treatment; clinical aspects.

PMID- 18153788
TI  - Anesthesia in operations for ruptured intervertebral discs.

PMID- 18153789
TI  - Unusual complication of ureterolithotomy.

PMID- 18153790
TI  - National health plans; British and American.

PMID- 18153791
TI  - Clinical value of electroencephalography.

PMID- 18153792
TI  - Myxoedema.

PMID- 18153793
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153794
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153795
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153796
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153797
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153798
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153799
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153800
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153801
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153802
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153803
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153804
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153805
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153807
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153806
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153808
TI  - Why medical education is so expensive.

PMID- 18153809
TI  - Psychosomatic medicine; notes on treatment.

PMID- 18153810
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153811
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153812
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153813
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153814
TI  - Carbamates in the chemotherapy of leukemia; the relationship between chemical
      structure and anti-leukemic action of a series of urethan derivatives.

PMID- 18153815
TI  - The effect of local roentgen irradiation on the biological behavior of a
      transplantable mouse carcinoma; increased frequency of pulmonary metastasis.

PMID- 18153816
TI  - A new method for the histochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase.

PMID- 18153817
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153819
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153818
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153820
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153821
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153822
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153823
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153824
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153825
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153826
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153827
TI  - Triple and quadruple rhythms of the heart.

PMID- 18153828
TI  - Why dermatology.

PMID- 18153829
TI  - Tuberculous meningitis.

PMID- 18153830
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153831
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153832
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153833
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153834
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153835
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153836
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153837
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153838
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153839
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153840
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153841
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153842
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153843
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153844
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153845
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153846
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153847
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153848
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153850
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153851
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153849
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153852
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153853
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153854
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153855
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153856
TI  - MEDICAL Department officer shortage, fiscal year, 1950.

PMID- 18153857
TI  - MONTHLY cycle in the reported venereal disease incidence rate in the United
      States.

PMID- 18153858
TI  - RECENT incidence of venereal disease.

PMID- 18153859
TI  - SOME medical aspects of atomic warfare.

PMID- 18153860
TI  - ROLE of a hospital dental officer.

PMID- 18153861
TI  - Electrical activity of the brain.

PMID- 18153862
TI  - Psychiatry attacks fatigue.

PMID- 18153863
TI  - The surgical management of massive hemorrhage from gastric and duodenal ulcers.

PMID- 18153864
TI  - SCHEDULE for processing applications for Medical and Dental Corps, Regular Army.

PMID- 18153865
TI  - POISONS and antidotes (tab.).

PMID- 18153866
TI  - Treatment and diagnosis of severe infantile diarrhea.

PMID- 18153867
TI  - Laboratory procedures.

PMID- 18153868
TI  - Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis; an evaluation of present methods.

PMID- 18153869
TI  - Psychiatric rehabilitation; a follow-up study of 200 cases.

PMID- 18153870
TI  - Urinary extravasation proximal to the triangular ligament.

PMID- 18153871
TI  - Routine sigmoidoscopy; a review of 300 consecutive examinations.

PMID- 18153872
TI  - Malignancies of the sigmoid colon.

PMID- 18153873
TI  - Fulminant epidemic hepatitis; report of a case in an infant.

PMID- 18153874
TI  - Creeping eruption; report of a case with Loeffler's syndrome.

PMID- 18153875
TI  - Leukonychia totalis; review and report of a case.

PMID- 18153876
TI  - Tsutsugamushi disease; report of a case.

PMID- 18153877
TI  - Pyloric stenosis in binovular twin boys.

PMID- 18153878
TI  - Congenital talipes equinovarus; treatment with the modified Denis Browne splint.

PMID- 18153879
TI  - The pathology of acute alcoholism.

PMID- 18153880
TI  - A method for serum albumin determination.

PMID- 18153881
TI  - Some recent advances in aviation medicine.

PMID- 18153882
TI  - Acute appendicitis with suppurative pylethrombophlebitis.

PMID- 18153883
TI  - NEW portable X-ray stereoscope.

PMID- 18153884
TI  - The electrocardiogram in clinical medicine.

PMID- 18153885
TI  - Management of some of the more common dermatoses.

PMID- 18153886
TI  - Congenital atresia of the bile duct in infancy with report of a case.

PMID- 18153887
TI  - The diagnosis, classification and treatment of macrocytic anemias.

PMID- 18153888
TI  - Bronchiectasis.

PMID- 18153889
TI  - Specialization in medicine; what is orthopaedic surgery?

PMID- 18153890
TI  - Control of bone growth by epiphyseal stapling; a preliminary report.

PMID- 18153891
TI  - Prediction of unequal growth of the lower extremities in anterior poliomyelitis.

PMID- 18153892
TI  - Effect of diathermy (short wave and microwave) on bone growth in the albino rat.

PMID- 18153893
TI  - Conservative treatment of functional disorders of the feet in the adolescent and
      adult.

PMID- 18153894
TI  - Tibial torsion.

PMID- 18153896
TI  - Changes in elastic adipose tissue.

PMID- 18153895
TI  - The pathology of neural-arch defects; a dissection study.

PMID- 18153897
TI  - The etiology of trochanteric fractures of the femur.

PMID- 18153898
TI  - Acute traumatic posterior dislocation of an intervertebral disc with paralysis.

PMID- 18153899
TI  - Congenital posterior angulation of the tibia.

PMID- 18153900
TI  - Closed drainage of the knee joint following arthrotomy.

PMID- 18153901
TI  - External skeletal fixation in the treatment of fractures of the tibia.

PMID- 18153902
TI  - Pathological changes found in material removed at operation in Legg-Calve-Perthes
      disease.

PMID- 18153903
TI  - The disc syndrome; results of the conservative care of patients with positive
      myelograms.

PMID- 18153904
TI  - Osteochondromatosis.

PMID- 18153905
TI  - Vitallium-cup arthroplasty of the hip joint; an end-result study.

PMID- 18153906
TI  - A study of the tensile strength of the menisci of the knee.

PMID- 18153907
TI  - Radiation osteitis of the ribs; report of a case with fractures appearing 4 1/2
      and 11 years after therapy.

PMID- 18153908
TI  - The treatment of non-union of fractures of the medial malleolus.

PMID- 18153909
TI  - Isolated fracture of the coracoid, process.

PMID- 18153910
TI  - Forceps for grasping and holding bone plates.

PMID- 18153911
TI  - Legg-Perthes disease and slipped epiphysis in the same patient; a case report.

PMID- 18153912
TI  - Trigger thumb in infants.

PMID- 18153913
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153915
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153914
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153916
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153917
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153918
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153919
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153920
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153921
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153922
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153923
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153924
TI  - Pick's disease.

PMID- 18153925
TI  - Pathologic changes in the central nervous system resulting from experimentally
      produced hyper-pyrexia.

PMID- 18153926
TI  - Encephalo-trigeminal angiomatosis (Sturge-Weber's disease) a case report.

PMID- 18153927
TI  - Nodular dermatomyositis; a pathologic study.

PMID- 18153928
TI  - Hepato-lenticular degeneration; a case associated with postero-lateral column
      degeneration.

PMID- 18153929
TI  - Early plasma cell formation in acute herpetic encephalitis.

PMID- 18153930
TI  - Maintenance of mental health.

PMID- 18153931
TI  - The criminal law and sexual offenders.

PMID- 18153932
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153933
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153934
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153935
TI  - The role of identification in the training of psychiatrists.

PMID- 18153936
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153937
TI  - Electromyographic study of the motor system in man.

PMID- 18153938
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153939
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153940
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153941
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153942
TI  - The pathological changes in Huntington's chorea and their relation to the chorea
      mechanism.

PMID- 18153943
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153944
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153945
TI  - The effects of repeated inhalations of illuminating gas on the brain.

PMID- 18153947
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153948
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153946
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153949
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153950
TI  - [Not Available].

PMID- 18153951
TI  - Role of the hormones in human sexuality.

PMID- 18153952
TI  - Responsivity of schizophrenic men to pituitary adrenocorticotrophin.

PMID- 18153953
TI  - Inheritance of electroencephalogram patterns in children with behavior disorders.

PMID- 18153954
TI  - Tertian malaria and anxiety.

PMID- 18153955
TI  - Dream scintillations.

PMID- 18153956
TI  - Mind, unconscious mind, and brain.

PMID- 18153957
TI  - The diagnosis of orbital tumors by angiography.

PMID- 18153958
TI  - A surgical treatment for pterygium based on new concepts as to its nature.

PMID- 18153959
TI  - Amputation neuroma in the orbit.

PMID- 18153960
TI  - The role of ciliary and superior cervical ganglia in ocular tension.

PMID- 18153961
TI  - The epidemiology of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.

PMID- 18153962
TI  - Accommodative defect following atmospheric concussion.

PMID- 18153963
TI  - Temporal subconjunctival hemorrhages as a complication of rhinoplastic
      procedures.

PMID- 18153964
TI  - Cilia in the anterior chamber with a report of a case.

PMID- 18153965
TI  - Postoperative wound infection cured by penicillin.

PMID- 18153966
TI  - A new orbital implant.

PMID- 18153967
TI  - Retinal detachment diagnosed as retrobulbar neuritis.

PMID- 18153968
TI  - The pupillary near reflex; the relation of pupillary diameter to accommodation
      and the various components of convergence.

PMID- 18153969
TI  - [Young women discharged from reform schools: from deviance to decency?].

PMID- 18153970
TI  - Sir Albert Howard and the forestry roots of the organic farming movement.

PMID- 18153971
TI  - [In the shadow of the banana plantations: small-scale growers and ecological
      transformations on the north coast of Honduras, 1870-1950].

PMID- 18153972
TI  - Mortality in Ghent, 1850-1950: a social analysis of death.

PMID- 18153973
TI  - By the numbers. Largest post-acute-care companies ranked by 2006 net revenue,
      based on Modern Healthcare's 2007 Post-Acute-Care survey.

PMID- 18153974
TI  - Containing nuclearism.

PMID- 18153975
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies and side-effect management.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies are increasingly becoming a standard part of clinical
      cancer treatment. Eight monoclonal antibodies are approved by the Food and Drug
      Administration for the treatment of cancer in the United States. Oncology nurses
      are expected to be familiar with these agents, their indications, and their
      adverse effects, to provide appropriate care and symptom management to patients
      receiving these agents, and to adequately educate patients and families about
      these treatments and their specific and overlapping side effects. Monoclonal
      antibody mechanisms of action and indications, infusion guidelines, and symptom
      management are outlined in this article.

PMID- 18153976
TI  - A patient on targeted therapy: cetuximab.

PMID- 18153977
TI  - Prechemotherapy assessment of neutropenic risk.
AB  - Chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) predisposes patients to life
      threatening infections and typically requires hospitalization. The goal was to
      investigate whether a risk assessment tool aligned with national guidelines could
      help identify patients at risk of FN and reduce FN-related hospitalizations.
      Beginning in October 2004, oncology nurses applied the new risk assessment tool
      to all patients initiating chemotherapy or a new regimen. Patients at risk for FN
      received prophylactic colony-stimulating factor. Charts for 189 patients
      receiving chemotherapy in fiscal year 2005 (FY05) were compared with charts of
      155 patients receiving chemotherapy in FY04, before the tool was implemented. The
      incidence of FN-related hospitalization declined by 78%, from 9.7% in FY04 to
      2.1% in FY05 (P = .003). Total hospital days decreased from 117 to 24. Routine
      systematic evaluation by oncology nurses improves recognition of patients at risk
      of FN and substantially reduces FN-related hospitalization.

PMID- 18153978
TI  - Assessing cancer pain in the adult patient.
AB  - The high prevalence of pain in the cancer population underscores why pain
      management is integral to comprehensive cancer care. How well pain is controlled
      can have a profound effect on the cancer experience for both patient and family.
      The goals of pain assessment are to prevent pain if possible, and to identify
      pain immediately should it occur. This can be facilitated by standardized
      screening of all cancer patients for pain, on a routine basis, across care
      settings. A comprehensive assessment of pain follows if a patient reports pain
      that is not being adequately managed. Oncology nurses play a huge role in pain
      assessment and management throughout the course of a patient's disease. A basic
      understanding of the types of pain seen in the cancer population as well as
      inferred neurophysiologic pain mechanisms and temporal patterns of pain can help
      focus the pain assessment. This in turn will lead to targeted pain management
      strategies.

PMID- 18153979
TI  - Educating patients about pain management.

PMID- 18153980
TI  - Improving adherence to endocrine therapies: the role of advanced practice nurses.
AB  - With the trend toward the use of oral rather than intravenous therapies for
      cancer, nonadherence to treatment has become an increasing concern. Advanced
      practice nurses are in a good position to assess and monitor adherence to oral
      endocrine therapies. Research on adherence has been limited; to date there are no
      specific published guidelines for ensuring adherence to endocrine regimens.
      However, studies have identified many factors that may lead to nonadherence,
      including demographic, social, and psychological characteristics of the patient;
      characteristics of the disease and the treatment regimen; and the nature and
      quality of the patient/clinician relationship. These factors provide a framework
      that advanced practice nurses can use to identify potential problems and to work
      collaboratively with patients.

PMID- 18153981
TI  - [Organization of care in oncologic urology in the framework of cancer care].

PMID- 18153983
TI  - [Principles of classification of TNM standards of urogenital tumors].

PMID- 18153982
TI  - [Methodology of recommendations].

PMID- 18153984
TI  - [Standardized calculation in the pathology of urologic cancers].

PMID- 18153985
TI  - [Competitive morbidity in urologic cancer].

PMID- 18153986
TI  - [Testicular tumors].

PMID- 18153987
TI  - [Penile tumors].

PMID- 18153988
TI  - [Urothelial tumors].

PMID- 18153989
TI  - [Kidney tumors].

PMID- 18153990
TI  - [Malignant subrenal tumors in adults].

PMID- 18153991
TI  - [Retroperitoneal sarcomas].

PMID- 18153993
TI  - Method validation for the determination of lead in raw cow's milk by
      electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
AB  - In this study, lead in raw cow's milk has been determined by validated
      electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) with Zeeman-effect
      background correction. Maximum pyrolysis and optimum atomization temperatures of
      lead were determined in the presence of modifiers. Pd + Mg(NO3)2 has been found a
      powerful modifier mixture for the determination of lead. The analytical
      parameters of the method such as limit of detection, limit of quantification and
      the effect of interfering ions have been investigated. The detection limit
      (3sigma) achieved by the method was calculated to be 0.62 ng/mL for Pb.
      Repeatability of the method evaluated as the relative standard deviation of 16-17
      replicates using 5 ng/mL, under optimum experimental conditions were about 1.5%
      for synthetic sample solution and about 3% for real sample (N = 5). The described
      method has been validated by analyzing certified reference material (BCR-CRM 150)
      and by comparing the results with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma
      mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The validated method was applied to raw cow's milk
      samples produced in 7 different regions of Turkey in 2003-2004. Raw cow's milk
      contained a mean (range) of 31.4 (2.5 - 313) microg kg(-1) lead with a relative
      error below 2%.

PMID- 18153992
TI  - [Prostatic cancers].

PMID- 18153994
TI  - Synthesis and characteristics of macroporous epoxy resin-triethylenetetramine
      polymer modified by sodium chloroacetate for copper chelation in aqueous
      solution.
AB  - A novel macroporous resin was prepared from an epoxy resin and
      triethylenetetramine (TETA) via a polymerization using micro-phase separation. In
      this novel method the polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) was used as solvent in the
      initial stage and a phase-separation reagent at later stage of the polymerization
      was firstly adopted. The resin was modified by sodium chloroacetate and the
      carboxyl groups were introduced. Its structure was characterized by Fourier
      transform-infrared spectra (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
      respectively. The adsorption-desorption characteristics of the resin for Cu(II)
      in aqueous solution were investigated in detail using ICP-AES. The interaction
      between the metal ion and the resin was found to be depended upon the acidity of
      the medium. The prepared resin is strongly chelating and exhibits a chelating
      ability that can remove cupric ion in waste water treatment.

PMID- 18153995
TI  - The electrochemical behavior and direct determination of tyrosine at a glassy
      carbon electrode modified with poly (9-aminoacridine).
AB  - 9-Aminoacridine was firstly immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon
      electrode to form a poly (9-aminoacridine) film modified electrode. The results
      demonstrated that the modified electrode exhibited a high degree of catalytic
      activity towards the oxidation of tyrosine and can resolve the interference of
      tryptophan in the determination of tyrosine. Compared with the bare electrode,
      the peak current had obviously increased, and the peak potential had shifted in a
      negative direction. Under the optimum conditions, a linear response to tyrosine
      was observed in the concentration of 1.0 x 10(-6) -2.8 x 10(-3) M, with a
      correlation coefficient of 0.9987, and a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 1.0 x 10(
      7) M. The modified electrode has been successfully applied to determine the
      concentration of tyrosine in composite amino acid injections; and it displays
      excellent repeatability and high sensitivity. The proposed sensor has promising
      features such as ease of fabrication, good reproducibility, high stability and
      low cost. And most of all, it has good selectivity.

PMID- 18153996
TI  - The effects of some operational parameters in photodegradation of benzylamine and
      aniline and their kinetics in aqueous suspension of TiO2 and Pt -loaded TiO2.
AB  - Photocatalytic degradation of benzylamine and aniline on TiO2, Pt-modified TiO2,
      ZnO and ZnS in aqueous solution has been investigated. The degradation of the
      compounds follows a pseudo-first-order kinetics according to Langmuir-Hinshelwood
      model. The degradation process of benzylamine and aniline was evaluated by
      ninhydrin spectrophotometric method using UV-visible spectrophotometer in
      lambda(max) = 538 and 525 nm, respectively. The results showed the order of
      Pt/TiO2 > TiO2 > ZnO > ZnS for photocatalytic activity. In addition increasing of
      the Pt-loading was found to enhance the degradation rate of the compounds up to
      the optimal amount of 5 wt. % onto the surface of TiO2 so that the rates of
      degradation were increased about two times. Rate constants for photodegradation
      of benzylamine and aniline were found to be 1.4 x 10(-3) min(-1) and 0.7 x 10(-3)
      min(-1) for TiO2 as photocatalyst, while 2.7 x 10(-3) min(-1) and 1.7 x 10(-3)
      min(-1) for (5 wt.%) Pt/TiO2 as photocatalyst. Running the reactions in various
      pH (5-11), indicated that the pH = 8 and 10 or Higher are the optimum pH for
      photocatalytic degradation of benzylamine and aniline respectively. The effects
      of some other parameters such as amount of photocatalyst, flux of oxygen and
      irradiation time were evaluated. Furthermore, the Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate
      constant k(r) and adsorption constant K(A) for the titled compounds are reported.

PMID- 18153997
TI  - Measurements of lower carbonyls and hydrocarbons at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard.
AB  - Measurements of gaseous organic compounds were carried out near Ny-Alesund, in
      the Norwegian Arctic, during September 2004. Twenty alkanes, alkenes and aromatic
      hydrocarbons from ethane to toluene and six aldehydes and ketones from
      formaldehyde to butanal, were identified and quantified in air samples.
      Hydrocarbons showed a quite uniform distribution, with ethane being by far the
      most abundant component (> 1 ppb), followed by propane (> 0.4 ppb) and butanes (>
      0.3 ppb), while for unsaturated homologues, except ethene, concentrations never
      exceeding 0.05 ppb were observed. This distribution confirmed that hydrocarbon
      depletion during the transport time from Europe into the Arctic was depending
      upon their atmospheric lifetimes, calculated relatively to the OH reactivity
      scale. The presence of short lived hydrocarbons could be associated to local
      sources of anthropogenic and/or biogenic origin. Although the local air
      photochemistry played a primary role in the production of lower aldehydes in late
      summer, the observed mixing ratios of formaldehyde (in the 0.25 - 0.50 ppb range)
      could not be fully explained by known gas-phase chemistry. In this case
      additional sources, such as fluxes of formaldehyde from snow pack to the
      atmosphere and/or local anthropogenic activities, were to be taken into
      consideration. The possible influences of these sources on HCHO mixing ratios
      were analysed by means of a backward-trajectory circulation model.

PMID- 18153998
TI  - Determination of trace concentrations of elements in high purity tellurium by
      radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometer (RF-GDOES).
AB  - A method was established for the determination of trace impurities in high purity
      tellurium (Te) 99.9999 (6N) by radio frequency glow discharge optical emission
      spectrometry (RF-GDOES). The optimized parameters are power, argon pressure, pre
      integration time, analysis time and selection of wavelength. Nine elements Se,
      Ca, Mg, Si, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb were analysed in 6N Te, out of which only three
      elemental peaks (Se, Ca, and Mg) were detected and the remaining six elements (
      Si, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb) were below detection levels. Finally, the method was
      evaluated by the analysis of the above traces using inductively coupled plasma
      mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and was found to be satisfactory. The detection limits
      for most of the elements were below 10 ng/g and R.S.D. was around 10%, which
      indicated that this method could fully satisfy the requirements for the trace
      analysis in high purity Te metal.

PMID- 18153999
TI  - Digestion of titanium bearing geologic materials involving microwaves.
AB  - An environmentally friendly and rapid digestion procedure involving 10 mL of acid
      mixture (HNO3 : HCl : HF = 2:2:1) for 0.1 g of sample in closed vessel microwave
      digester following heating program : 250W for 10 min., hold time 2 min., 600 W
      for 17 min, and Ventilation time 10 min was developed. The operating parameters
      were varied and optimized by factorial design approach using "Steepest Ascent"
      method. The validity of the recommended digestion procedure were examined by
      analyzing several well characterized standard reference materials such as diabase
      (W2), basalt (BIR-1, JB-3, BHVO-1), granite (G2), gabbro (JGb-1), Mn-nodule (Nod
      A-1, Nod-P-1), sediment (STSD-4, LKSD-2), limestone (KH-2), soil (SAu-1),
      ilmenite (IGS-31), rutile (IGS-32), Zircon (IGS-35) and titanium dioxide (SRM
      154b) employing both inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP
      AES) and well known spectrophotometric method. An excellent agreement between the
      methods and the certified values of standard reference materials suggest that the
      digestion procedure can be used for quality control and allied purposes.

PMID- 18154000
TI  - Potentiometric membrane sensor for the selective determination of pethidine in
      pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids.
AB  - The construction and general performance characteristics of a novel
      potentiometric PVC membrane sensor based on pethidine-phosphomolybdate as
      electroactive material for the determination of pethidine are described. This
      sensor exhibits fast, stable and near-Nernstain response 55.24 +/- 0.1, over the
      concentration range 1.10(-2)-1.10(-5)M for pethidine-phosphomolybdate over pH 2
      7. No interferences are caused by many organic, inorganic cations, alkaloids and
      amino acids. The sensor proved useful for determining pethidine in pure forms,
      pharmaceutical injections and monitoring the content uniformity assay of
      ampoules. The designed sensor also show good accuracy for the determination of
      pethidine in biological fluids.

PMID- 18154001
TI  - Rapid determination of volatile constituents in safflower by microwave
      distillation and simultaneous solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - In this paper, microwave distillation and solid-phase microextraction coupled
      with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MD-SPME/GC-MS) was developed for the
      analysis of essential components in safflower. Using the MD-SPME technique, the
      isolation, extraction and concentration of volatile compounds in safflower were
      carried out in only one step. Some parameters affecting the extraction efficiency
      such as SPME fiber coating, microwave power, irradiation time and the volume of
      water added were optimized. The optimal experiment parameters obtained were: 65
      microm CW/DVB SPME fiber, a microwave power of 400 W, an irradiation time of 3
      min and water volume of 1 mL. The proposed method has been compared with
      conventional steam distillation (SD) for extraction of essential oil compounds in
      safflower. Using MD-SPME followed by GC-MS, 32 compounds in safflower were
      separated and identified, which mainly included paeonol, alpha-asarone, beta
      asarone, 1-methyl-4-(2-propenyl)-benzene and diethenyl-benzene, whereas only 18
      compounds were separated and identified by conventional SD followed by GC-MS. The
      relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) values of less than 10% show that the
      proposed method has good reproducibility. The results show that MD-SPME/GC-MS is
      a simple, rapid, effective method for the analysis of volatile oil components in
      safflower.

PMID- 18154002
TI  - An investigation on calcium (II) oxalate as solubility and universal standard.
AB  - The investigation on calcium (II) oxalate is carried out in order to study its
      solubility in different ionic media. In the same conditions the protonation
      constants of oxalate and the stability of complex species have been determined.
      As the stoichiometric composition of the solid calcium (II) oxalate prepared for
      the investigation was accurately checked, the salt CaC2O4 x H2O is proposed as
      universal (chelometry, redox, acidimetry) standard. Results of titrations support
      this possibility.

PMID- 18154003
TI  - 4-(N,N-diethylamino) benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone in the spectrophotometric
      determination of palladium.
AB  - 4-(N,N-diethylamino)benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone(DEABT) is proposed as a
      sensitive and selective analytical reagent for the spectrophotometric
      determination of palladium(II). The reagent reacts with palladium (II) in a
      potassium hydrogen phthalate-hydrochloric acid buffer of pH 3.0, to form a yellow
      complex. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range up to 3.60 microgmL(-1).
      The optimum concentration range for minimum photometric error as determined by
      Ringbom plot method is 0.36 - 3.24 microg mL(-1). The yellow Pd(II)-DEABT complex
      shows a maximum absorbance at 408 nm, with molar absorptivity of 3.33 x 10(4) dm3
      mol(-1) cm(-1) and Sandell's sensitivity of the complex from Beer's data, for D =
      0.001, is 0.0032 microg cm(-2). The composition of the Pd(II)-DEABT complex is
      found to be 1:2 (M:L). The interference of various cations and anions in the
      method were studied. The proposed method was successfully used for the
      determination of Pd(II) in alloys, catalysts, complexes and model mixtures with a
      fair degree of accuracy.

PMID- 18154004
TI  - Spectrophotometric characterisation of surface lakewater samples: implications
      for the quantification of nitrate and the properties of dissolved organic matter.
AB  - Filtered lakewater samples, mainly collected in the province of Torino (Piedmont,
      NW Italy) were characterised from a spectrophotometric point of view. Spectral
      data were then used for the direct determination of nitrate by three-wavelength
      photometry, which should account for the spectral interference by dissolved
      organic matter (DOM), and the results compared with nitrate quantification by ion
      chromatography. The spectrophotometric method proved very suitable for nitrate
      measurement, with unity slope (micro +/- sigma = 0.99 +/- 0.03) of the
      correlation plot (spectral vs. ion chromatography data) up to 0.1 mM nitrate, and
      with r2 = 0.97 for 26 data points. Lakewater spectra were also used for the
      characterisation of DOM by means of the specific absorption at 285 and 254 nm
      (absorbance vs. NPOC, the latter to quantify the DOM amount), and the E2/E3 and
      E3/E4 indexes. The latter two make only use of radiation absorption data (250 vs.
      365 and 300 vs. 400 nm). It could be concluded that lakewater DOM is mainly
      composed of autochthonous material (biologically produced aliphatic compounds and
      only a minor fraction of aromatic groups), with generally low molecular weight
      and degree of aromaticity. Some exceptions could be found in high-mountain lakes,
      but it should also be considered that NPOC measurement cannot be avoided if DOM
      origin is to be studied. From the absorption spectrum alone it is possible to get
      indication on the aromaticity degree of radiation-absorbing DOM, but most of the
      autochthonous DOM would escape spectrophotometric characterisation.

PMID- 18154005
TI  - Energy-dispersive and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron microscopy of
      new quininium-plastic membrane electrodes.
AB  - New quininium (Qn) plastic membrane electrodes of the conventional type were
      constructed and characterized. They are based on incorporation of Qn-reineckate
      (QnRn) ion-pair, Qn-phosphotungstate (Qn3-PT), or Qn-phosphomolybdate (Qn3PM) ion
      associate into a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane. The electrodes are selective for
      Qn and have been successfully used for the determination of Qn2SO4 in
      pharmaceutical tablets. Nevertheless, they showed, as almost all other ion
      selective electrodes, limited life times. Energy dispersive- (EDS) and X-ray
      photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), as well as electron microscopy were applied to
      investigate the cause of this limitation in the life times of the electrodes. The
      results indicated that the electrodes lose their activity after prolonged soaking
      as a result of leaching of the ion exchanger from the membranes into the test
      solution in addition to deformation at the surface of the expired electrode.

PMID- 18154006
TI  - The degradation products of aniline in the solutions with ozone and kinetic
      investigations.
AB  - Aromatic compounds are extensively used in several industries and can cause
      pollution in water sources. This work aims at examining the degradability of
      aniline in aqueous solutions by ozone-induced cleavage, and at determining the
      kinetics of the cited cleavage reactions. Aniline was prepared in four different
      concentrations and the flow rate of ozone supplied to each solution was selected.
      Aniline solutions were ozonated at low and high pH, so as to compare both
      molecular and hydroxyl free radical mechanisms, respectively. The main identified
      aromatic by-products were nitrobenzene and azobenzene when the experiment was
      carried out at acidic pH. Formation of nitrobenzene, azobenzene, azoxybenzene and
      2-pyridine carboxylic acid (picolinic acid) was observed when the ozonization was
      carried out at basic pH. All the aromatic by-products found were less toxic than
      the raw materials. The pseudo-first-order constants in aniline concentrations
      were calculated.

PMID- 18154007
TI  - Hydrocephalus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

PMID- 18154008
TI  - Idiopathic hydrocephalus in children and idiopathic intracranial hypertension in
      adults: two manifestations of the same pathophysiological process?
AB  - OBJECT: Both idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in adults and idiopathic
      hydrocephalus in children have been shown to involve elevations in venous
      pressure that resolve once the cerebrospinal fluid pressure is reduced. It has
      been assumed that the venous pressure elevations in both conditions are not
      hemodynamically significant, but measurement of venous collateral flow in IIH has
      shown these pressure elevations to be of consequence. The authors used the same
      methodology to see if the venous pressure elevations noted in childhood
      hydrocephalus are important. METHODS: Fourteen patients with idiopathic childhood
      hydrocephalus underwent magnetic resonance imaging with flow quantification. The
      degree of ventricular enlargement, total blood inflow, and superior
      sagittal/straight sinus outflow was measured. The degree of collateral venous
      flow was calculated for each venous territory. The findings were compared with
      findings in 14 age-matched controls. RESULTS: In children with hydrocephalus the
      cerebral blood inflow was normal, but the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and
      straight sinus outflows were reduced by 27% and 38%, respectively, compared with
      measurements in controls (p = 0.03 and 0.002). These findings suggest that
      approximately 150 ml of blood per minute was returning via collateral channels
      from that portion of the brain drained by the SSS, and 60 ml/minute was returning
      from collaterals in the deep venous territory. CONCLUSIONS: Similarly to patients
      with IIH, children with hydrocephalus show a significant elevation in collateral
      venous flow, indicating that the same venous pathophysiological process may be
      operating in both conditions. Whether or not the ventricles dilate may depend on
      the differences in brain compliance between adults and children.

PMID- 18154009
TI  - Survival of shunts.

PMID- 18154010
TI  - A mathematical model of survival in a newly inserted ventricular shunt.
AB  - OBJECT: The object of this study was to mathematically model the prognosis of a
      newly inserted shunt in pediatric or adult patients with hydrocephalus. METHODS:
      A structured search was performed of the English-language literature for case
      series reporting shunt failure, patient mortality, and shunt removal rates after
      shunt insertion. A metaanalytic model was constructed to pool data from multiple
      studies and to predict the outcome of a shunt after insertion. Separate models
      were used to predict shunt survival rates for children (patients < 17 years old)
      and adults. RESULTS: Shunt survival rates in children and adults were calculated
      for 1 year (64.2 and 80.1%, respectively), 5 years (49.4 and 60.2%,
      respectively), and the median (4.9 and 7.3 years, respectively). The longer-term
      rates predicted by the model agree closely with those reported in the literature.
      CONCLUSIONS: This model gives a comprehensive view of the fate of a shunt for
      hydrocephalus after insertion. The advantages of this model compared with Kaplan
      Meier survival curves are discussed. The model used in this study may provide
      useful prognostic information and aid in the early evaluation of new shunt
      designs and techniques.

PMID- 18154011
TI  - Hypoplasia of C-1 in children with Down syndrome.

PMID- 18154012
TI  - Occult spinal canal stenosis due to C-1 hypoplasia in children with Down
      syndrome.
AB  - OBJECT: Little has been published about subclinical spinal canal stenosis due to
      C-1 hypoplasia in patients with Down syndrome. In this paper the authors
      performed a matched comparison study with cross-sectional survey to investigate
      occult spinal canal stenosis due to C-1 hypoplasia in children with Down
      syndrome. METHODS: A total of 102 children with Down syndrome ranging in age from
      10 to 15 years were matched according to age and physique with 176 normal
      children. In all participants, the anteroposterior (AP) diameter of C-1 and the
      atlas-dens interval (ADI) were measured on plain lateral x-ray images of the
      cervical spine. The cross-sectional area of the atlas was also measured from a
      cross-sectional computed tomography image of C-1. RESULTS: Eight children (6.7%)
      with Down syndrome developed atlantoaxial subluxation associated with myelopathy.
      The difference in the ADI between the patients and controls was not statistically
      significant. The average AP diameter of the atlas and the spinal canal area along
      the cross-section of the atlas were significantly smaller in children with Down
      syndrome than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Atlantoaxial instability
      and occult spinal canal stenosis due to C-1 hypoplasia in patients with Down
      syndrome may significantly increase the risk of myelopathy.

PMID- 18154013
TI  - Spinal deformity and pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors.

PMID- 18154014
TI  - Risk factors for progressive spinal deformity following resection of
      intramedullary spinal cord tumors in children: an analysis of 161 consecutive
      cases.
AB  - OBJECT: Gross-total resection of pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors
      (IMSCTs) can be achieved in the majority of cases, with preservation of long-term
      neurological function. However, progressive spinal deformity requiring subsequent
      fusion occurs in many cases. It remains unknown which subgroups of patients have
      the greatest risk for progressive spinal deformity. METHODS: Data for 161
      patients undergoing resection of IMSCTs at a single institution were
      retrospectively collected and analyzed with regard to the development of
      progressive spinal deformity requiring fusion and patient functional status
      (based on the modified McCormick Scale [mMS] and Karnofsky Performance Scale
      [KPS]) by conducting telephone interviews corroborated by medical records. The
      independent association of all clinical, radiographic, and operative variables to
      subsequent progressive spinal deformity was assessed using multivariate logistic
      regression analysis. RESULTS: Patients were a mean of 8.6 +/- 5.7 years old at
      the time of surgery. The tumor spanned a mean of six +/- three spinal levels.
      Preoperative scoliotic deformity was present in 56 cases (35%). Seventy-six
      patients (47%) had undergone a previous biopsy procedure, and 28 (17%) a prior
      resection. Gross-total resection (> 95%) was achieved in 122 cases (76%). A
      median of 9 years (range 1-21) after surgery, progressive spinal deformity
      requiring fusion developed in 43 patients (27%). The median functional scores at
      the last follow-up were worse in patients who required fusion compared with those
      who did not (mMS: 3 compared with 2, p = 0.006; KPS: 80 compared with 90, p =
      0.04) despite similar mMS scores between the groups at 3 months postoperatively.
      An age less than 13 years, preoperative scoliotic deformity (Cobb angle > 10
      degrees), involvement of the thoracolumbar junction, and tumor-associated syrinx
      independently increased the odds of a postoperative progressive deformity
      requiring fusion 4.4-, 3.2-, 2.6-, and 3.4-fold, respectively (p < 0.05). Each
      subsequent resection increased the odds of a progressive deformity 1.8-fold (p <
      0.05). Symptoms lasting less than 1 month before resection decreased the odds of
      spinal deformity requiring fusion ninefold (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Progressive
      spinal deformity requiring fusion occurred in 27% of children undergoing
      resection of an IMSCT and was associated with a decreased functional status.
      Preoperative scoliotic deformity, an increasing number of resections, an age less
      than 13 years, tumor-associated syrinx, and surgery spanning the thoracolumbar
      junction increased the risk for progressive spinal deformity. Patients possessing
      one or more of these characteristics should be monitored closely for progressive
      spinal deformity following surgery.

PMID- 18154015
TI  - Intractable pediatric temporal lobe epilepsy in the United States: examination of
      race, age, sex, and insurance status as factors predicting receipt of resective
      treatment.
AB  - OBJECT: For patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (ITLE), resection of
      the temporal lobe has been proven to be far superior to continued medical
      management. The goal of this study was to evaluate on a national level whether
      race and other sociodemographic factors are predictors of receipt of resective
      treatment for pediatric ITLE. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed
      using the Kids' Inpatient Database covering the period of 1997 through 2003. Only
      children admitted for resection for ITLE (ICD-9-CM 345.41, 345.51; primary
      procedure code 01.53) were included. Variables studied included patient race,
      age, sex, and primary payer. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses revealed no
      significant difference in the odds of undergoing resection for ITLE for black
      children compared with nonblack children (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% confidence
      interval [CI] 0.28-1.53, p = 0.327), or between female and male children (OR
      1.11, 95% CI 0.76-1.63, p = 0.586). Older children were more likely to undergo
      resection for ITLE (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11, p < 0.001 per 1 year increase in
      age), as were children with private insurance (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.34-3.63, p =
      0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In this first nationwide analysis of pediatric ITLE, older
      age and private insurance status independently predicted which children were more
      likely to receive surgical treatment for ITLE on a national level, whereas sex
      did not. Black children with ITLE were no less likely to receive surgical
      intervention than nonblack children. Future nationwide analyses will be required
      to determine whether these trends for pediatric ITLE surgery remain stable over
      time.

PMID- 18154016
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of cerebrospinal fluid shunt failure and definition of
      instability among shunt-treated patients with hydrocephalus.
AB  - OBJECT: The authors undertook the present study to estimate the number of
      operations that patients with hydrocephalus will require within 10 years of
      diagnosis based on published survival data for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts.
      METHODS: Survival data for CSF shunts from several previously published sources
      were formatted as life tables spanning a 10-year period in monthly intervals. The
      monthly sequence of fractions of shunts failing was taken as the basis for a
      Monte Carlo simulation. Month by month for each virtual patient the computer
      simulation called up a random number between 0 and 1. If the random number was
      greater than the fraction of shunts failing in that monthly interval, the shunt
      survived. If the random number was less than or equal to the fraction of shunts
      failing in that interval, the shunt failed. When a virtual patient's shunt
      failed, that patient was returned to the first interval in the life table and
      began again. For every virtual patient this process continued for 120 months, and
      the number of shunt operations during the 10-year epoch was counted. Probability
      distributions were estimated for numbers of shunt operations. Expected numbers of
      shunt operations were calculated, as were the 95th and 99th percentiles. RESULTS:
      Four sources of CSF shunt survival data were used. Expected numbers of shunt
      operations ranged between 2.43 and 3.93 over 10 years. Estimated 95th percentiles
      ranged between five and 11, and estimated 99th percentiles ranged between eight
      and 15. CONCLUSIONS: New patients with hydrocephalus can expect to undergo
      between two and four operations for insertion or revision of CSF shunts in the
      first 10 years after diagnosis. Patients who undergo more than 15 shunt
      operations in 10 years are statistical outliers. A focused study of such patients
      may yield useful suggestions for complication avoidance and improvement in the
      quality of life of children with hydrocephalus.

PMID- 18154017
TI  - Gamma Knife surgery for intracranial arteriovenous malformations in children: a
      retrospective study in 103 patients.
AB  - OBJECT: This retrospective study was designed to study the outcome in children
      with intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated with Gamma Knife
      surgery (GKS). METHODS: One hundred and forty-two children were treated with GKS
      at the authors' institution between April 1997 and March 2006; of these, 103
      patients with a mean follow-up of 26.4 months (range 6-96 months) were included.
      The mean age at presentation was 13.9 years (range 3-18 years). Eighty-six (83%)
      patients presented with hemorrhage. In 57 children the AVMs were Spetzler-Martin
      Grade I or II, and in 46 the AVMs were Grades III, IV, or V. The mean volume of
      the AVMs was 2.4 ml (range 0.04-23.3 ml). The mean marginal dose administered was
      24.4 Gy (range 15-27 Gy). Follow-up angiography was advised at 2 years after GKS
      and yearly thereafter. In patients with residual AVMs, follow-up angiography was
      advised yearly until 4 years after GKS. If residual AVM was present, even on a
      follow-up angiogram obtained 4 years postsurgery, the GKS was considered a
      failure. RESULTS: Complete obliteration of the AVM was documented in 34 (87%) of
      the 39 patients with complete angiographic follow-up. The 3- and 4-year actuarial
      rates of nidus obliteration were 66 and 86% respectively. Three patients (2.9%)
      experienced bleeding during the latency period, and symptomatic radiation-induced
      edema was noted in four patients (3.8%). A significantly higher incidence of
      radiation edema was noted in patients with AVM volumes greater than 3 ml and in
      patients with Spetzler-Martin Grade IV and V AVMs. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma Knife
      radiosurgery is an effective modality for the treatment of intracranial AVMs in
      children, yielding high obliteration rates and low complication rates.

PMID- 18154018
TI  - Brain herniation through an internal subdural membrane: a rare complication seen
      with chronic subdural hematomas in children. Case report.
AB  - The authors report an unusual case of cortical herniation into a chronic subdural
      hematoma (SDH). The patient was successfully treated with good outcome. A 4-month
      old boy with a history of macrocrania and very large bilateral chronic SDHs
      underwent subduroperitoneal shunt treatment shortly after presentation. Eight
      months later he developed a new-onset seizure disorder, which was localized by
      electroencephalography to the right frontal region. Neuroimaging demonstrated the
      development of a focal herniation of the brain through a subdural membrane into
      the subdural space. The patient underwent a craniotomy to resect the seizure
      focus and the herniated cortex. The subdural shunt was subsequently replaced.
      After 2 years of follow-up, the patient remains free of seizures, is on no
      medication regimen, and is neurologically and developmentally normal. To the
      authors' knowledge, this is only the fourth report in the medical literature of
      cortical herniation through a chronic subdural membrane and the first in which
      successful treatment with a good outcome is described.

PMID- 18154019
TI  - Treatment of multiple arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients with
      hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and spontaneous hemorrhage. Report of two
      cases.
AB  - Due to inheritance of an autosomal dominant genetic mutation, patients with
      hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HTT) have an increased risk of harboring a
      cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM). They are also significantly more
      likely to have multiple AVMs. The natural history of AVMs in patients with HHT as
      well as their rate of hemorrhage is not clearly defined. Furthermore, spontaneous
      regression of such lesions has been reported. Treatment of cerebral AVMs in
      patients with HHT presents a particular challenge, especially with detection of
      incidental lesions following screening of asymptomatic patients. The management
      of HHT in two pediatric patients in whom hemorrhaging from a cerebral AVM
      occurred but who also had other lesions is presented here. Both patients were
      treated with stereotactic radiosurgery.

PMID- 18154020
TI  - A novel syndrome of cerebral cavernous malformation and Greig
      cephalopolysyndactyly. Laboratory investigation.
AB  - OBJECT: Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS) is one of a spectrum of
      overlapping clinical syndromes resulting from mutations in the gene GLI3 on
      chromosome 7p. Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is caused by mutations in
      three distinct genes, including Malcavernin (CCM2), which also maps to chromosome
      7p and is located 2.8 Mbp from GLI3. The authors describe a new syndrome that
      combines the vascular lesions characteristic of CCM with the hallmarks of GCPS,
      including polydactyly, hypertelorism, and developmental delay. METHODS: The
      authors used high-resolution array-based comparative genome hybridization (CGH)
      analysis to characterize the 3 million-bp deletion on chromosome 7 that accounts
      for this novel clinical presentation. A 4-year-old girl presented with
      polydactyly, hypertelorism, and developmental delay and was also found to have
      multiple CCMs after suffering a seizure. RESULTS. Genetic analysis using array
      based CGH revealed a deletion affecting multiple genes in the 7p14-13 locus, the
      interval that includes both CCM2 and GLI3. Quantitative real-time polymerase
      chain reaction (RT-PCR) on genomic DNA confirmed this genomic lesion.
      CONCLUSIONS: A novel syndrome, combining features of CCM and GCPS, can be added
      to the group of entities that result from deleterious genetic variants involving
      GLI3, including GCPS, acrocallosal syndrome, Pallister-Hall syndrome, and
      contiguous gene syndrome. The deletion responsible for this new entity can be
      easily detected using either array-based chromosomal analysis or quantitative RT
      PCR.

PMID- 18154021
TI  - Progressive brainstem compression in an infant with neurocutaneous melanosis and
      Dandy-Walker complex following ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for
      hydrocephalus. Case report.
AB  - Neurocutaneous melanosis (NM) coexisting with the Dandy-Walker complex (DWC) is a
      rare condition, with fewer than 15 cases reported in the literature. The authors
      present a case of an infant with NM and DWC suffering from progressive brainstem
      compression following ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement for
      hydrocephalus. This 1-year-old boy with congenital melanocytic nevi had met
      normal developmental milestones until the age of 11 months, when he began
      regressing in ambulation and language function. Intractable vomiting had
      developed 1 week later. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain revealed DWC
      with hydrocephalus, and spinal MR images demonstrated a proliferative process
      within the meninges, consistent with NM. The patient underwent right frontal VP
      shunt placement resulting in immediate symptom relief, but 3 weeks later became
      irritable, increasingly lethargic, unable to pull to stand, and unable to
      tolerate solid food without choking. Due to these symptoms and intractable
      vomiting, the patient presented to the authors' institution. Brain MR imaging
      revealed a new-onset diffuse cystic process with anterior and posterior brainstem
      compression, marked kinking of the cervicomedullary junction, melanocyte
      pigmentation of the left temporal lobe, diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement, and
      no evidence of hydrocephalus. Consistent with these imaging findings, the degree
      of brainstem involvement upon gross visualization predictably deterred resection
      attempts beyond those necessary for biopsy. Pathological examination revealed
      diffuse melanocytosis, and the family decided not to pursue aggressive measures
      postoperatively. This report indicates the potential for rapid intracranial
      manifestation of diffuse melanocytosis in NM patients. Although the prognosis is
      poor, early neurosurgical involvement in these patients may provide tissue
      diagnosis and the potential for decompression if the process is caught early in
      its course.

PMID- 18154022
TI  - Dynamic cervicomedullary cord compression and alterations in cerebrospinal fluid
      dynamics in children with achondroplasia. Report of four cases.
AB  - Achondroplasia is the most common of the heritable skeletal dysplasias.
      Compression at the cervicomedullary junction can result in myelopathy, hypotonia,
      sleep apnea, and even sudden death. However, most children with achondroplasia do
      not suffer from severe neurological symptoms and achieve normal motor and
      intellectual development without surgical intervention. At the authors'
      institution, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow
      studies have been incorporated in the assessment of children with achondroplasia
      for cervicomedullary junction compression. The authors recently identified four
      children with achondroplasia who had normal findings on MR imaging and flow
      studies obtained in the neutral position. On flexion studies, however, three had
      complete blockage of CSF flow, and more dramatic posterior cervicomedullary
      compression was demonstrated on extension studies. Some of these patients had
      severe neurological abnormalities and sleep apnea, while others just developed
      headaches and/or had apnea episodes when sleeping or in a car seat. Three
      children underwent decompressive surgery with dramatic improvement or resolution
      of signs and symptoms. The fourth patient had increased CSF pressure on MR images
      obtained in the flexed position, possibly due to venous outflow obstruction. Her
      condition improved dramatically after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
      The increased risk of dynamic cord compression and alterations in CSF dynamics in
      patients with achondroplasia constitute indications for surgical intervention.

PMID- 18154023
TI  - Detection of important venous collaterals by computed tomography venogram in
      multisutural synostosis. Case report and review of the literature.
AB  - The authors describe the novel use of computed tomography (CT) venography in the
      preoperative evaluation of a child with Crouzon syndrome who was being considered
      for Chiari decompression. This 18-month-old girl presented with hydrocephalus
      (treated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt) and persistent symptomatic Chiari
      malformation and associated syrinx. A CT venogram was obtained because of the
      well-described relationship between multisutural craniosynostosis and abnormal
      intracranial-to-extracranial venous drainage. The CT venogram showed widely
      dilated vertebral and paravertebral veins located in the paraspinous muscles of
      the craniocervical junction. Because of the risk of massive intraoperative blood
      loss and/or occlusion of important collateral draining veins leading to
      intracranial venous hypertension and intractably raised intracranial pressure,
      the planned posterior fossa decompression was not performed. Computed tomography
      venography is an easily obtained study that we recommend in the evaluation of
      children with multisutural craniosynostosis prior to cranial surgical
      interventions.

PMID- 18154024
TI  - Huge hemispheric intraparenchymal cyst caused by Taenia multiceps in a child.
      Case report.
AB  - The authors report an unusual case of a huge intraparenchymal cyst in a 4-year
      old girl caused by Taenia multiceps infection. After surgical removal of the
      cyst, the child recovered completely. Brain infestation by coenurus is a rare
      disease, mainly reported in Africa, with a few case reports from patients in
      developed countries. Humans, especially young children, become intermediate hosts
      by ingesting eggs passed in the excrement of a definitive host, usually
      carnivores. In such cases, high mortality and morbidity rates have been reported.
      These rates decreased after the introduction of the modem neuroradiological
      techniques of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 18154025
TI  - Congenital supratentorial cystic hemangioblastoma. Case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Supratentorial hemangioblastomas are rarely encountered tumors even in the
      pediatric population; an extensive review of the literature has revealed
      approximately 118 cases. However, only five of these occurred in infants, and
      three occurred during the first 2 months of life. A 5-week-old boy presented with
      emesis, irritability, a bulging anterior fontanelle, and a head circumference
      that had gradually expanded since birth. His medical and family histories were
      uninformative in terms of cancer or inherited diseases. Magnetic resonance
      imaging demonstrated a large loculated cyst with a heterogeneous contrast
      enhancing 3-cm nodule, first pushing the left frontal and parietal lobes and then
      displacing into this region. After being exposed via a left frontoparietal
      craniotomy, the cyst was evacuated by a soft drain, and then the mass was totally
      excised. The histopathological diagnosis was a reticular variant of
      hemangioblastoma. Given that von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene mutations may be
      associated with hemangioblastomas, sequencing analysis of the VHL gene was
      performed; sequencing of the three exons of the VHL gene showed no exonic
      mutations. Clinical and neuroimaging follow-up of the patient have revealed an
      improved health status during the last 23 months. The authors reviewed the
      literature concerning congenital supratentorial hemangioblastomas, and they
      discuss the clinical and histopathological characteristics and differential
      diagnosis associated with such lesions.

PMID- 18154026
TI  - Preservation of a subcutaneous pocket for vagus nerve stimulation pulse generator
      during magnetoencephalography. Technical note.
AB  - Patients with epilepsy and an implanted vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) device who
      are referred for consideration of definitive epilepsy surgery (removal of the
      epileptogenic cortex) may require magnetoencephalography (MEG), a study requiring
      explantation of the pulse generator, as part of their evaluation. Nonetheless,
      these patients may not wish to abandon palliative VNS therapy should definitive
      surgery prove unsuccessful or impossible. To avoid obliteration of the pocket by
      scar tissue after the pulse generator is explanted, the authors have preserved
      the dead space in several patients with insertion of a similarly sized silicone
      block. This block is easily replaced with the pulse generator if continued VNS
      therapy is appropriate, and is left in place in patients who appear to no longer
      require VNS therapy. Upon completion of MEG, if pulse generator replacement
      proves desirable, atraumatic retrieval of the electrode connector pin and body is
      easy. Silicone block implantation during what may prove to be temporary device
      explantation facilitates reuse of the original pulse generator implantation site
      and atraumatic distal electrode wire retrieval.

PMID- 18154027
TI  - Craniopharyngioma marsupialization. Case illustration.

PMID- 18154028
TI  - [Predicting sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C patients
      treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin using a novel highly sensitive
      Real-time detection PCR assay].
AB  - The Abbott Real Time HCV assay (lower limit of detection 12 IU/ml) was developed
      as a highly sensitive HCV RNA quantitative assay using real-time detection
      PCR(RTD-PCR). We assessed whether the new assay more effectively predicts
      sustained virological response (SVR) than conventional PCR (PCR) in 38 chronic
      hepatitis patients infected with HCV genotype 1b and treated with pegylated
      interferon alpha2b plus ribavirin. Sixteen patients reached SVR, 10 patients
      relapsed, 9 patients did not respond, 3 patients discontinued treatment. Positive
      predictive value (PPV) for SVR of undetectable HCV RNA at W4, 8, 12 by RTD-PCR
      and PCR was (100% vs. 100% at W4), (100% vs. 100% at W8), (83.3% vs. 72.7% at
      W12). HCV RNA undetectable at W12 had a higher PPV for SVR when measured by RTD
      PCR than by conventional PCR.

PMID- 18154029
TI  - [Analysis of hypofibrinogenemias found on routine coagulation screening tests and
      identification of heterozygous dysfibrinogenemia or fibrinogen deficiency].
AB  - We analyzed the clinical factors resulting in hypofibrinogenemia, which is
      defined as less than 100mg/dl of plasma fibrinogen values determined by a
      procedure based on the Thrombin-time method. Within a 12-month period, we assayed
      5,746 patients (19,309 plasmas) and found 113 patients (1.97%) with
      hypofibrinogenemia. We categorized these patients as having decreased synthesis
      of fibrinogen (less than 3.0g/dl of albumin, 140 IU/l of Cholinesterase, and/or
      50% on Hepaplastin Test), increased consumption of fibrinogen (more than 10
      microg/ml of FDP D-dimer), known side effect of L-asparaginase administration, or
      other causes. Details are follows: 1) decreased synthesis: 26 patients, suspected
      of decreased synthesis (albumin: 3.1-3.4 g/dl): 4 patients, 2) increased
      consumption: 15 patients, suspected of increased consumption (FDP D-dimer: 5.0
      9.9 g/dl): 1 case, 3) decreased synthesis combined with increased consumption: 24
      patients, suspected of decreased synthesis and/or suspected of increased
      consumption: 14 patients, 4) side-effect of L-asparaginase administration: 24
      patients, 5) heterozygous dysfibrinogenemia: 1 patient, 6) heterozygous
      fibrinogen deficiency: 1 patient, suspected of heterozygous fibrinogen
      deficiency: 1 patient, 7) unidentified: 2 patients with West syndrome treated
      with a combination of ACTH and valproic acid. Three patients with
      dysfibrinogenemia or fibrinogen deficiency showed normal or slightly prolonged PT
      values and normal APTT values. These data and our previous reports suggest that
      heterozygous patients with dysfibrinogenemia or fibrinogen deficiency do not
      demonstrate markedly prolonged PT and APTT values, differing from patients with
      afibrinogenemia.

PMID- 18154030
TI  - [Influence of monoclonal antibodies to human neutrophil antigens, HNA-1a/b and
      HNA-2a on phagocytosis].
AB  - Neutrophil antibodies frequently cause severe conditions such as transfusion
      related acute lung injury, alloimmune/autoimmune neutropenia. As it was thought
      that surviving neutrophils would also be damaged from antibodies binding with the
      neutrophil membrane, we studied the functional influence of neutrophil antibodies
      on natural phagocytosis and immune phagocytosis by using neutrophil-specific
      monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), TAG1: HNA-la on FgammaRIIIb, TAG2: HNA-1b on
      FgammaRIIIa/b, TAG3: FgammaRIIIa/b and TAG4: HNA-2a. In an inhibition assay of
      carbon particle phagocytosis as a representation of natural phagocytosis,
      neutrophils binding with TAG3 or TAG4 were inhibited from carbon particle
      phagocytosis by 42.5% and 53.2% (% inhibition), respectively, but in an
      inhibition assay using TAG3 MoAb, HNA-2a strongly positive neutrophils were more
      weakly inhibited than HNA-2a weak-positive neutrophils, 39.2% and 54.0% (%
      inhibition), respectively. These results suggested that HNA-2a salvaged the
      inhibition process of natural phagocytosis by anti-FcgammaRIII antibodies. These
      results also suggested that natural phagocytosis would be inhibited when
      antibodies combined with every antigen on the cell membrane. In an inhibition
      assay of EA-rosette formation as a representation of immune phagocytosis,
      FcgammaRIII-specific MoAbs, TAG1, TAG2 and TAG3 inhibited EA-rosette formation,
      but HNA-2a-specific MoAb, TAG4, did not markedly inhibit EA-rosette formation. It
      was thought that neutrophil immune-phagocytosis would be inhibited by antibodies
      binding with FcgammaRIII, and that HNA-2a was not related to immune phagocytosis.
      Further investigation of the relationship between clinical symptoms and antibody
      specificity or antibody quantity is needed.

PMID- 18154031
TI  - [Peritoneal lavage diagnosis with TRC (transcription reverse transcription
      concerted reaction) system for prediction of peritoneal recurrence in gastric
      cancer].
AB  - Peritoneal dissemination is the most frequent recurrent type in advanced gastric
      cancer. Therefore, the early detection or prediction of peritoneal dissemination
      is important for the management of patients with advanced gastric cancer.
      Cytological examination with peritoneal lavage fluids obtained at surgery is
      widely used for the detection of peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer.
      However, the sensitivity of the conventional method is not enough for the
      prediction of peritoneal recurrence. Recently, molecular diagnosis for detection
      of cancer cells has been widely studied as the sensitive method for detection of
      cancer micrometastasis in patients with malignancies including gastric cancer. In
      this study, novel genetic diagnosis with TRC (transcription reverse transcription
      concerted reaction) system for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA
      (Tosoh corporation, Tokyo, Japan) has been introduced for peritoneal lavage
      diagnosis. We assessed the sensitivity and reproducibility of the test using the
      diluted gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, the results of TRC with peritoneal
      lavage fluids obtained from gastric cancer patients has been compared with
      results of conventional cytology and RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase
      chain reaction).

PMID- 18154032
TI  - [Improvement of sensitivity in the second generation HCV core antigen assay by a
      novel concentration method using polyethylene glycol (PEG)].
AB  - A HCV core antigen (Ag) detection assay system, Lumipulse Ortho HCV Ag has been
      developed and is commercially available in Japan with a lower detection level
      limit of 50 fmol/l, which is equivalent to 20 KIU/ml in PCR quantitative assay.
      HCV core Ag assay has an advantage of broader dynamic range compared with PCR
      assay, however the sensitivity is lower than PCR. We developed a novel HCV core
      Ag concentration method using polyethylene glycol (PEG), which can improve the
      sensitivity five times better than the original assay. The reproducibility was
      examined by consecutive five-time measurement of HCV patients serum, in which the
      results of HCV core Ag original and concentrated method were 56.8 +/- 8.1 fmol/l
      (mean +/- SD), CV 14.2% and 322.9 +/- 45.5 fmol/l CV 14.0%, respectively. The
      assay results of HCV negative samples in original HCV core Ag were all 0.1 fmol/l
      and the results were same even in the concentration method. The results of
      concentration method were 5.7 times higher than original assay, which was almost
      equal to theoretical rate as expected. The assay results of serially diluted
      samples were also as same as expected data in both original and concentration
      assay. We confirmed that the sensitivity of HCV core Ag concentration method had
      almost as same sensitivity as PCR high range assay in the competitive assay study
      using the serially monitored samples of five HCV patients during interferon
      therapy. A novel concentration method using PEG in HCV core Ag assay system seems
      to be useful for assessing and monitoring interferon treatment for HCV.

PMID- 18154033
TI  - [Amounts of sweat and salt loss due to sweating during a three-hour badminton
      practice in summer].
AB  - In 7 men and 5 women, we measured the amounts of sweat and fluid intake, and the
      ionic composition of sweat during a 3-hour badminton practice in summer. The
      amount of sweat was calculated as follows; body weight before practice (g)--body
      weight after practice (g)--urine volume (ml) +fluid intake (ml). We collected
      sweat by covering the non-dominant forearm with a plastic bag. The amounts of
      sweat and fluid intake during the 3-hour practice were 1809 +/- 715ml (mean +/-
      SD) and 658 +/- 344ml, respectively. Weight loss after the practice was 2.0 +/-
      0.9% of their weight before the practice. The Na(+) and Cl(-) levels of the sweat
      about 30 min after the start of practice were 66 +/- 34 mEq/l and 54 +/- 32mEq/l,
      respectively. There was no significant difference between those ionic levels of
      the sweat about 30 min after the start of practice and those about 30 min before
      the end of practice. The sum of Na(+) and Cl(-) loss into sweat during a 3-hour
      practice session was supposed to be 6.9 +/- 5.3g, and to be above 10 g in 4 of 7
      men, assuming that there were no regional differences in the ionic composition of
      sweat. The findings suggested that most of the participants should take more
      fluid and some of them might need salt intake during the practice.

PMID- 18154034
TI  - [Preheparin lipoprotein lipase mass and apolipoproteinC-III ratio helps identify
      postprandial triglyceride metabolic marker].
AB  - Serum lipid profiles have usually been evaluated using blood specimen in fasting
      state. However, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is important risk factor for
      atherosclerosis. In the present study, we determined several parameters of
      triglyceride (TG) metabolism in healthy volunteers. Serum concentrations of TG in
      fasting state correlated negative the ratio of preheparin serum lipoprotein
      lipase mass (pLPL) and apoC-III (pLPL/apoC-III) in both fasting (r = -0.771, p <
      0.0001) and postprandial (r = -0.640, p < 0.0001) state. To exclude the effect of
      high density lipoprotein (HDL) in serum, we purified the fraction of TG rich
      lipoprotein (TRL) using ultracentrifugation method 3 healthy volunteers with
      postprandial state. The pLPL/apoC-III was reduced constantly during postprandial
      state in all volunteers. These findings suggest that pLPL/apoC-III may be a
      useful marker for evaluation of TG metabolism using postprandial blood specimens.

PMID- 18154035
TI  - [Comparison between blood culture and in-situ hybridization of bacteria].
AB  - We compared blood culture and in situ hybridization method (Hybrisep) to detect
      bacteria in blood samples. One thousand and two hundred and sixty nine blood
      culture samples were tested in 2003 in our hospital. One hundred and sixty seven
      samples (13.1%) were positive for bacteria. Total number of detected bacteria was
      178. Of 178 bacteria, 49.4% was gram positive, 32.6% was gram negative, 13.5% was
      Candida spp., and 4.5% was anaerobic. Twenty five samples were tested with both
      blood culture and Hybrisep. Three samples were positive for both methods, and 13
      samples were negative for both methods. The identical results were obtained in
      64% of samples. Although the microscopic determination of positive signals in
      Hybrisep requires trained skills, Hybrisep may be a rapid and sensitive method
      providing valuable information to diagnose sepsis with an automated equipment and
      an increased number of probes.

PMID- 18154036
TI  - [Outline of the revision of ISO 15189 and accreditation of medical laboratory for
      specified health checkup].
AB  - GOAL which accredited medical laboratory aims at is to continue "offering useful
      laboratory's service for patient medicine and treatment or the health of the
      nation". The medical laboratory, administers a quality management system, is
      competent technically and offers laboratory's service to satisfy the needs of all
      patients and clinicians taking responsibility for the medical testing and
      treatment. International standard ISO 15189 is a tool to embody thought of its
      basic quality and scientific grounds about the test result, and it was published
      in 2003. A revision for one part was considered to be it, and it was published
      afterwards for ISO 15189: 2,007 in this April. On the other hand, Ministry of
      Health, Labour and Welfare announced that all insurance members from 40 years old
      to 74 years old must have a checkup by the specified health checkup that paid its
      attention to visceral fat type obesity from April, 2008. And, in a standard
      health checkup program, it is shown that it strengthens the quality assurance
      management of laboratory carrying out medical testing. ISO 15189 which prescribed
      quality and competence of medical laboratory is an excellent standard, and it is
      hoped that it can offer high quality medical testing data with using quality
      management system. Here, I explain both outline of revised ISO 15189 and
      accreditation of the medical laboratory for specified health checkup using with
      this standard.

PMID- 18154037
TI  - [Diagnostic tests approved by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (November
      2007)].

PMID- 18154038
TI  - [Glia as targets for antidepressants: an involvement in glial cell line-derived
      neurotrophic factor].
AB  - Recently, clinical and animal studies have shown that neuronal and glial
      plasticity are important for the therapeutic action of antidepressants. Thus, it
      has been suggested that neurotrophic factors or growth factors, which are potent
      regulators for neuronal and glial plasticity, might be involved in the effect of
      antidepressants. Post-mortem studies provide evidence for glial reduction in
      different brain areas in mood disorders. Therefore, we focused on glial cell line
      derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in mood disorders, because GDNF plays an
      important role in neurogenesis and high-ordered brain function, such as learning
      and memory. GDNF family ligands have shown promise of efficacy for
      neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, suggesting that GDNF
      family ligands exist in the closest position to clinical development for
      treatment of diseases of the central nervous system. We reported that total GDNF
      levels in whole blood in patients with mood disorders were significantly lower
      than those in healthy control subjects (Takebayashi et al, 2006), and
      antidepressants increased GDNF production through monoamine-independent
      activation of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and extracellular signal-regulated
      kinase (ERK) in glial cells (Hisaoka et al, 2007). Clarifying the monoamine
      independent novel target of antidepressants in glia might contribute to the
      development of more efficient therapeutics for depression.

PMID- 18154039
TI  - [Behavioral analysis of chronic exposure to diphenylarsinic and associated
      influence on central nervous systems].
AB  - It has been clinically reported that chronic exposure to diphenylarsinic acid
      (DPAA) induced prominent cerebellar symptoms in apartment building residents in
      Kamisu, Japan. The aim of the present study was then to investigate the effect of
      chronic treatment with DPAA on the central motor impairment in mice. In the
      present study, we found that chronic in vivo exposure to a high dose of DPAA
      induced motor impairment in adult mice. This impairment was reversed by
      withdrawal following chronic DPAA treatment. The [35S]GTPgammaS binding assay
      showed the down-regulation of the dopamine receptor function in the striatum in
      adult mice treated with DPAA. We also found that neonatal exposure to a low dose
      of DPAA induced motor learning impairment in mice. Furthermore, treatment with an
      extremely low dose of DPAA caused the activation of caspase-3, the increase in
      glial fibrillary acidic protein-like immunoreactivity (IR) and the reduction in
      levels of myelin-associated glycoprotein-IR in mouse cerebellum neuron/glia co
      cultures. In addition, we found that neonatal exposure to a low dose of DPAA
      induced anxiogenic behavior in a plus maze in mice. Taken together, these results
      suggest that chronic treatment with DPAA may induce motor impairment in adult
      mice. Moreover, neonatal exposure to DPAA leads to the irreversible motor
      impairment associated with abnormalities in the cerebellum.

PMID- 18154040
TI  - [Determinants for diagnosis of young women with and without chilliness].
AB  - Chilliness in women is a symptom of menopause, but there is increasing evidence
      that young women also suffer from chilliness, which can lead to mental problems
      such as insomnia and mood disorders. We elucidated methodological issues related
      to recognizing young women suffering from chilliness. Ninety-seven female
      university students were divided into two groups by their self-awareness of
      chilliness. Using a new questionnaire, we evaluated the severity of their
      physical, mental and chilliness-related complaints. We also measured several
      physical parameters (BMI, body fat ratio, basal metabolism, blood pressure). The
      peripheral circulation dynamics were measured using a laser tissue blood
      flowmeter, while recovery of the skin surface temperature after mild cold-water
      immersion was determined using thermography. There were significant differences
      in the severity of the chilliness-related complaints, peripheral circulation
      dynamics, skin surface temperature, and the rate of skin surface temperature
      recovery between the control and chilliness groups. Using these items,
      discriminant analysis using the Mahalanobis generalized distance revealed that
      the discrimination hit ratio was approximately 84.5%, while the misclassification
      ratio was approximately 16.3%. We suggest that both the rate of skin surface
      temperature recovery after mild cold stress and the severity of chilliness
      related complaints are essential items for discriminating between participants
      with and without chilliness.

PMID- 18154041
TI  - [Ion channels and action potentials in olfactory receptor cells].
AB  - The first step in olfactory sensation involves the binding of odorant molecules
      to specific receptor proteins on the ciliary surface of olfactory receptor cells
      (ORCs). Odorant receptors coupled to G-proteins activate adenylyl cyclase leading
      to the generation of cAMP, which directly gates a cyclic nucleotide-gated
      cationic channel in the ciliary membrane. This initial excitation causes a slow
      and graded depolarizing voltage change, which is encoded into a train of action
      potentials. Action potentials of ORCs are generated by voltage-gated Na- currents
      and T-type Ca2- currents in the somatic membrane. Isolated ORCs that have lost
      their cilia during the dissociation procedure are known to exhibit spike
      frequency accommodation by injecting the steady current. This raises the
      possibility that somatic ionic channels in ORCs may serve for odor adaptation at
      the level of spike encoding, although odor adaptation is mainly accomplished by
      the ciliary transduction machinery. This review discusses current knowledge
      concerning the mechanisms of spike generation in ORCs. It also reviews how
      neurotransmitters and hormones modulate ionic currents and action potentials in
      ORCs.

PMID- 18154042
TI  - [Localization and function of the brainstem neuronal mechanism for respiratory
      control].
AB  - Recently, the neural mechanism of respiratory control in the brainstem has been
      extensively analyzed mainly in vitro. A neuronal group in the ventrolateral
      medulla, the ventral respiratory group (VRG), is important in respiratory rhythm
      and pattern generation. A small region in the rostral VRG, the pre-Botzinger
      Complex (pre-BotC), is the kernel of respiratory rhythmogenesis. A novel region
      ventrolateral to the facial nucleus, the para-facial respiratory group (pFRG),
      was found and has been considered to also generate respiratory rhythm. These two
      oscillators, pre-BotC and pFRG, are coupled and synchronized. In central
      chemoreception, small cells surrounding fine vessels in the most superficial
      layer in the rostral ventral medulla are considered to be primary chemoreceptor
      cells. Currently, several kinds of neurotransmitters, including glutamic acid,
      serotonin, ATP and acetylcholine, are considered to play important roles in the
      signal transduction from chemoreceptor cells to the VRG and other parts of the
      respiratory neuronal network. The mechanism of respiratory suppression by opioids
      is the blockade of excitatory drive to the pre-BotC. Although recently we have
      elucidated that propofol, widely used intravenous anesthetics, suppresses
      respiratory output through the activation of GABAA receptor, the mechanism of
      respiratory depression by inhalation anesthetics remains unknown.

PMID- 18154043
TI  - [Neuronal migration in the adult brain].
AB  - Production of new neurons in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and in the dentate
      gyrus (DG) continues into adulthood. In this paper, we will review our recent
      studies on migration and survival of new neurons in the adult mouse brain.
      Neuroblasts generated in the SVZ migrate in chains rostrally toward the olfactory
      bulb (OB), where they are differentiated into olfactory interneurons. The precise
      mechanisms controlling neuroblast migration remain unclear. We have recently
      demonstrated that neuroblast migration parallels cerebrospinal fluid flow caused
      by integrated beating of ependymal cilia. While SVZ neuroblasts migrate only
      toward the OB under physiological conditions, we found that they could reach
      striatum in a mouse model of focal ischemia. The majority of these newly
      generated neurons die before they are integrated into the neuronal circuit, even
      under physiological conditions. We found that long-term administration of
      donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor clinically used for the treatment of
      Alzheimer's disease, promotes the survival of newly-generated neurons in the OB
      and the DG. Although there are a lot of subjects to be elucidated, understanding
      the comprehensive mechanism of adult neurogenesis should be useful for developing
      successful regenerative therapies for neuropsychological diseases in the future.

PMID- 18154044
TI  - [Actual questions of improvement of military hospitals's work in medical service
      of Armed Forces of Russian Federation].
AB  - The article presents the conception of medical maintenance of Armed Forces of RF
      on the period up to 2012 year, which defines organizational, financial, socially
      juridical bases of building of medical service of Armed Forces of RF and of
      medical maintenance during war and peace. The mission of creating double-level
      system of medical maintenance for Armed Forces of RF presupposes resubjection of
      military-medical institution of central control of types, branches of forces, of
      principal and central governances to the Chief of Main Military Medical
      Governance of Defense Establishment of RF, and the others--to chiefs of different
      medical services of military command and navy, on the area they are dislocated.
      The change-over to the double-level system permits optimize the infrastructure of
      the medical service of Armed Forces of RF with reduction of backup institutions,
      diagnostically-therapeutic units.

PMID- 18154045
TI  - [State and direction of improvement of health survey system in the Armed Forces].

PMID- 18154046
TI  - [Organization of surgical measure in military hospitals].
AB  - The reform of military health service intends a clear organization of medical
      attendance, and, first of all, surgical one, particularly in military hospitals
      with different patient capacity. Seeing it leaders of surgery units in medical
      service got the task to elaborate the standards of realization of surgical
      attendance for military hospitals with different patient capacity during peaceful
      time, correctly execute all orders on preparation of military surgeons, enroot
      new high-quality and expensive types of maintenance into practice. Optimization
      and standardization of processes of surgical maintenance in Defense Establishment
      of Russian Federation, of tasks in the sphere of staff politics and of teaching
      process, modernization of technical equipment of medical service and enrooting
      new high-quality methods in practice allows augment the effectiveness of surgical
      attendance in military hospitals with different patient capacity.

PMID- 18154047
TI  - [Actual problems of organization of medical provision for military hospitals in
      now-day's condition and the way of there solution].
AB  - Affording of qualified and specialized medical attendance in military hospitals
      is possible only in condition of presence of medical techniques and medical
      equipment in indispensable quantity. The units of medical supply have as a task
      to provide military hospitals by medical equipment. Nowadays the task of reoutfit
      of military hospitals by new medical equipment is one of the most significant for
      the medical service of Armed Forces. This task is prearrangely carrying into
      effect on the base of advanced program. The main purpose of this program is
      elevating of comprehensibility and quality of medical attendance. More, reoutfit
      of military hospitals permits effectuate a high-quality medical attendance, and
      permits medical service to participate in important national project "Health".
      The order fixed 215 norms and standards, including 1524 items of medical
      equipment. The price of medical equipment, included in the norms of supply of
      military-medical institutions of Armed Forces, is 18 mlrd of rubles.

PMID- 18154048
TI  - [About the augmentation of role of prophylaxis of chronic tonsillitis's storm at
      duty servicemen].

PMID- 18154049
TI  - [Contemporary state and perspectives of evolution of Leading Military Clinical
      Hospital of N.N. Burdenko].

PMID- 18154050
TI  - [Regional clinical hospital, it's role in territorial system of medical
      arrangement of Moscow military command].

PMID- 18154051
TI  - [Optimization of work of Teaching Hospital of Voronezh of Moscow military command
      in territorial system of medical arrangement].

PMID- 18154052
TI  - [Frequency of appearance and morbiden characteristics of non-polypoid formation
      of large bowel].

PMID- 18154053
TI  - [Treatment of cerebrovascular diseases and depressive disorders connected with
      them].

PMID- 18154054
TI  - [Prophylaxis of infection inside the hospital in prophilaxis-medical institutions
      of Defense Establishment of Russian Federation].

PMID- 18154056
TI  - [Actual problems of organization of medical provision for military hospitals in
      now-day's condition and the way of there solution].

PMID- 18154055
TI  - [Experience of using of molecularly-biological methods of detection of dangerous
      germs of infections, rare on territory of Russian Federation].

PMID- 18154057
TI  - [System of sanatorium treatment of Armed Forces of Russian Federation celebrates
      the 85th anniversary].

PMID- 18154058
TI  - [Military-navy clinical hospital of the Pacific Ocean celebrates the 135th
      anniversary].

PMID- 18154059
TI  - [Otorhinolaryngological unit of LMCH of Burdenko N.N. celebrates the 110th
      anniversary].

PMID- 18154061
TI  - [Methodical approaches to rate setting of the quantity of medical personal in
      medical-therapeutic institutes of Military of Defense of Russian Federation].
AB  - Rational use of forces and facilities of military--medical service of the Defense
      Ministry of the Russian Federation (DM of the RF) in now-day's conditions is
      considered as a priority direction of reforming of the state public health
      services. On this background for stationary treatment-and-prophylactic institutes
      (DM of the RF) rate setting of work of the medical personnel has a special value.
      Rate setting includes designing and creation in medical institutions of such
      conditions at which medical aid will be rendered the most qualitatively and
      effectively.

PMID- 18154060
TI  - [Frostbites amongst service men, participants of contreterroristic operations on
      North Caucasus (1994-1996, 1999-2001)].
AB  - In clause the analysis of the rendering medical help military is reflected in
      article with frostbites in military conflict on North Caucasus (1994-1996, 1999
      2001). Efficient rendering medical help military with frostbites possible only
      under simultaneous observance united principle on terminological glances and
      provision to receivership approach to organizations of the rendering medical help
      damaged military. It is generalised and analysed own experience of the rendering
      medical help military with frostbites during military conflict on territory of
      the Chechen Republic (2003-2005).

PMID- 18154062
TI  - [Several questions about medical-psychological help to the victims of crisis
      situations].

PMID- 18154063
TI  - [New approach to the primary prophylactics of the foot mycoses of service men].

PMID- 18154064
TI  - [About the algorithm of endoscopical operations on general bilious duct, taking
      into consideration his anatomical peculiarities].

PMID- 18154065
TI  - [Pulmonology of the individuals of call-up age].
AB  - In 1999-2001 400 patients in Saratov have been surveyed. The persons directed by
      the military-medical commissions of military registration and enlistment offices,
      have made 60.7% (243 patients). This group was a basis of research. Comparison of
      results of inspection of the recruits, suffering a bronchial asthma of a various
      degree of expressiveness, has allowed to precise already existing group
      differentually-diagnostic criteria of the easiest (incidental), easy
      (persistency) and middle-acuity forms of disease in a stage of remission. When
      traditional clinically-functional differences disappear, crucial importance is
      leaded away to the retrospective estimation of character and intensity of
      anamnestics dynamics, rather high probability of positive results of loading
      tests for revealing latent infringements FVD, big frequency and expressiveness of
      the phenomena of pollinosis and other allergic processes (neurodermatitis and
      etc.).

PMID- 18154066
TI  - [Dynamics of effectiveness of intraoperational cardio-protection in condition of
      cardio-surgical operations with long-term global myocardial ischemia].

PMID- 18154067
TI  - [The analysis of structural changes and functional characteristics in condition
      of vascular cerebral lesions].
AB  - To 61 patient with vascular diseases of a brain the analysis of structurally
      functional changes and degrees of conformity to their clinical manifestations is
      conducted. For 53 patients the correlative connection between clinicotopical and
      neurophysiological data was detected. In 8 cases the outcomes under the clinical
      data corresponded to topical consept about localization of the lesion focus.
      However, the signs of discrepancy were detected by comparison them with
      neurovisualization methods. Taking into consideration the obtained data the
      assumption about a capability of secondary neurodynamic focuses formation is
      permissible in patients with cerebral vessel lesions.

PMID- 18154068
TI  - [Place of antacid specimen in treatment of acid-dependent diseases].

PMID- 18154069
TI  - [Role of the family in professional adaptation of flying personal].

PMID- 18154070
TI  - [Sergey Petrovich Botkin and military-field therapy (to the 175th aniversary)].

PMID- 18154071
TI  - [Destiny of professor-surgeon V.F. Vojno-Yasenetsky (archiepiskop Luka)].

PMID- 18154072
TI  - [The 50th anniversary of cosmic era on pages of "Military-medicine magazine" (to
      the 185th anniversary of magazine)].

PMID- 18154073
TI  - [Central military sanatorium celebrates the 85th anniversary].

PMID- 18154074
TI  - [The pages of life of D.D. Kuvshinsky].

PMID- 18154075
TI  - [An avirulent vibrio cholerae strain--producer of the cholera toxin B subunit:
      obtaining and molecular genetic analysis].
AB  - The conjugative recombinant plasmid pIEM3 (KmR TcR) was constructed in order to
      introduce the cloned ctxB gene encoding the cholera toxin B subunit into the
      Vibrio cholerae cells. The plasmid was obtained as a result of co-integration of
      two plasmids: a conjugative plasmid, pIEM1(KmR), carrying mini-kan transposon and
      IS1 element, as well as the pCTdelta27(TcR) plasmid that is a derivative of the
      pBR322 which carries the cloned ctxB gene. The avirulent Vibrio cholerae strain
      eltor biovar deprived (according to the PCR analysis) of the key structural and
      regulatory pathogenicity genes and carrying a mutation in a single gene of the O1
      antigen was chosen as the pIEM3 plasmid carrier strain. The cointegrate
      uncoupling was shown to take place in 5% the cholera vibrio cells followed by
      retention of only the multi-copy pCTdelta7 plasmid. This event leads to the
      formation of the TcRKmS clones characterized by high levels of the cholera toxin
      secreted B subunit production (10 to 14 microg/ml), one of these (KM93) being
      selected as a strain-producer of the protein. Molecular-genetic and biochemical
      assays were used to elucidate peculiar features of inheritance and expression of
      the cloned ctxAB gene within the KM93 cells. The expression of the cloned ctxB
      gene was shown to be independent of the presence of the toxR, tcpP, tcpH, toxT
      regulatory genes suggesting the existence of some other mechanisms that might
      exert their control over the transcriptional activity of the cholera toxin B
      subunit gene. Effective production of the cholera toxin B subunit would be also
      observed if the constructed producer strain was cultured under the conditions of
      industrial process. This indicates a possibility of its employment as a source of
      this protein involved in manufacturing cholera immunodiagnostic and prophylactic
      preparations.

PMID- 18154076
TI  - [Molecular genetic monitoring of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis using PCR O
      genotyping].
AB  - Irkutsk PCR O-genotyping of 117 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O:1-O:4
      strains isolated in Siberia and Far East was performed. These methods allowed
      both O-genotype and its variants (a, b, c) to be detected. It was demonstrated
      that three Y. pseudotuberculosis O-genotypes were circulated in Siberia (O:1a,
      O:1b and 0:3) and six genotypes (O:1a, O:1b, O:1c, O:2a, O:3 and O:4b) were
      circulated at Far East. Genotype O:1b dominates at both regions (87.8%). PCR
      algorithm for identification of Y. pseudotuberculosis O-genotypes having epidemic
      significance was developed. The identification of the etiological agent O
      genotype without bacteriological isolation of the stimulus is possible by PCR
      analysis of the clinical material.

PMID- 18154077
TI  - [A contribution to the nomenclature and classification of chlamydiae].
AB  - The results of molecular-genetic study of typical specimens of the genus
      Chlamydophila of the family Chlamydiaceae from the FSE FCTRSA collection of
      microorganisms are considered for the purpose of their taxonomy based on
      comparative analysis by the omp1-, omp2-, 16S rRNA-, and 23S rRNA-genes and by
      the presence of extrachromosomal plasmid with corresponding fragments of the
      genomes officially registered species of chlamydiae. According to the omp1-RFLP
      AluI-profile, the Rostinovo-70, 250, PP-87, and KC-93 strains were characterized
      by new genotype of chlamydiae (genotype G). The new omp2-RFLP-AluI-profile of
      chlamydiae on carrying out the comparative analysis of Rostinovo-70, 250, PP-87
      and KC-93 strains by omp2-gene was characterized. On the basis of the species
      identification of chlamydiae by genetical and ecological criteria, the chlamydia
      strains Rostinovo-70, 250, PP-87, and KC-93 can be included in the new chlamydia
      species Chlamydophila parapsittaci sp. nov. It was suggested to combine into a
      new species the following strains of Chlamydophila psittaci: WC, NJ1, 92-1293,
      TT3, 7344/2, GD, CT1, Par1, 84/2334, R54, VS225, 777B15, and Prk/Daruma.

PMID- 18154078
TI  - [Identification of the agents of coccidioidomycosis using polymerase chain
      reaction].
AB  - Two pairs of primers for diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis using the method of PCR
      were constructed. One pair was used for identification of the two species of
      Coccidioides (C. immitis and C. posadasil) on the basis of MBP-1 gene. The other
      pair was chosen on the basis of SOWgp82 gene, which encodes an immunodominant,
      spherule outer wall glycoprotein for detecting only C. posadasii. The used
      primers allowed the agents of coccidioidomycosis to be detected using PCR with
      high sensitivity and specificity. The effective method of isolation of fungus DNA
      from soil contaminated with arthroconidia of Coccidioides spp. was developed. It
      includes guanidinthiocyanate-phenol-chloroform deproteinization followed by DNA
      purification using nuclear sorption.

PMID- 18154079
TI  - [Heterogeneity of the gene P83/100 of Borrelia borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
      complex].
AB  - The 35 full-length Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex a83/100 gene
      nucleotide sequences were determined. High level of homology was observed in the
      nucleotide sequences corresponding to the strains and isolates of Borrelia
      fzelii. The analysis of the nucleotide sequences revealed two groups of Borrelia
      garinii. The most variable p83/100 gene region containing species-typical
      insertions and deletions was demonstrated to be included into the region where
      the antigenic determinants of protein were encoded. According to the data
      obtained in this work, the modification of the P83/100 protein structure and
      immunological properties could be suggested to exist even within species. The
      results of this work could be used for receiving recombinant P83/100 proteins
      useful for diagnostic applications.

PMID- 18154080
TI  - [Streptococcus agalactiae sak0192 gene contains direct repeats and spacers that
      are genetic markers for characterizing the strains].
AB  - A new approach to differentiation of the Streptococcus agalactiae strains was
      suggested. The approach is based on the nucleotide polymorphism of the sak0192
      gene containing variable number of 16 bp direct repeats and 44 bp spacer regions
      in different S. Agalactiae strains. In general, the direct repeats were
      identical, while the spacers were variable. Overall, the structure of the sak0192
      gene of S. Agalactiae was analogous to direct repeat cluster of Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis and Streptococcus pyogenes. The applicability of the sak0192 gene
      polymorphism as a novel genetic marker to identification of S. Agalactiae and
      differentiation of the strains was demonstrated.

PMID- 18154081
TI  - [Bone marrow as an organ of erythrocyte destruction in hematological disorders].
AB  - Bone marrow of patients with hematological diseases contains a great number of
      erythroclasic clusters characterized by exocytic lysis of the constituent
      erythrocytes by cluster-forming myelocaryocytes including erythrocaryocytes. The
      content of erythroclasic clusters with exocytic lysis of erythrocytes varied from
      21% of total erythroclasic clusters in bone marrow of patients with aplastic
      anemia to 81% in bone marrow of patients with an active phase of acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia showing high intensity of hemolysis in the bone marrow.
      Most intensive lysis of erythrocytes in erythroclasic clusters took place in the
      bone marrow of patients in an active stage of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and
      patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. At the time of the investigation tens of
      thousands of erythrocytes were undergoing destruction in erythroclasic clusters
      in one mcl of bone marrow of such patients. These findings confirm the idea of
      the bone marrow as an organ of erythrocyte destruction.

PMID- 18154082
TI  - [Modification of antitumor chemotherapy toxicity in exposure to millimetric waves
      in experiment].

PMID- 18154083
TI  - [Diabetic complications in rats in long-term modeling of type I diabetes
      mellitus].
AB  - Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM-1) was modeled by a single intraperitoneal injection
      of streptozotocine (STZ) in a dose 65 mg/kg in two groups of Wistar rats: control
      (n=6) and test (n=14). Clinical and pathomorphological examinations of different
      organs were conducted for 4.5 months. It was found that the above model
      represents clinical picture and vascular diabetic complications (microangiopathy
      with parenchymal lesions) accompanied with destruction and depression of spleen
      activity. It is shown that rats, more resistant to the toxic action of STZ
      restore the ability for regeneration of the pancreatic islets and regress of
      glycemia and angiopathy, for positive changes in splenic structure and function.

PMID- 18154084
TI  - [Development of encephalitis in modeling of acute hemorrhagic stroke--a new
      variant of a somatic complication].
AB  - We studied immunological and morphological changes in rat brain in an acute
      period of experimental hemorrhagic stroke (HS). The latter was induced
      mechanically by the method of A. N. Makarenko et al (the area of destruction in
      the rat brain was 0.15-0.2 mm3 in the internal capsule (c.i.) of both
      hemispheres) in 105 noninbred white male and female mice (body mass 18-22 g) and
      20 Wistar rats (body mass 200-220 g). The rats were decapitated on day 1, 3, 10.
      HS modeling in mice is accompanied with immune disorders: high production of
      hemagglutinating antibodies in parallel with low titer of hemolysines,
      significant reduction of thymic mass and intensification of delayed type
      hypersensitivity. Besides changes typical for an acute period of HS, histological
      studies of the brain revealed encephalitic lesions located both near HS foci and
      far from them in 10 test animals of 14 on days 3-10. We observed signs of
      productive ependymitis and focal vasculitis (capillaritis). The infiltrates
      consisted primarily of microglyal cells and lymphocytes. In the controls such
      changes occurred in 1 of 6 rats. The results show that in an acute period of HS
      in rats their brain may be affected with activated latent infection and
      encephalitis. The same phenomenon may be observed in humans.

PMID- 18154085
TI  - [A neuroprotective effect of the herbal drug neurofit in alcoholic intoxication].
AB  - Our studies show that a combined herbal medicine neurofit has a pronounced
      neuroprotective effect in experimental alcoholic intoxication. The principal
      mechanism of this neuroprotective effect lies in neurofit ability to inhibit
      lipid peroxidation and stimulate the antioxidant system.

PMID- 18154086
TI  - [Effect of oxymethyluracil on lipid peroxidation and functional-metabolic indices
      of the liver in intoxication of old rats with tetrachlormethane].

PMID- 18154087
TI  - [Multimodal neuronavigation and intraoperative ultrasound visualization in the
      surgery of intracranial tumors].
AB  - The author presents an analysis of using neuronavigation and intraoperative
      ultrasound in 317 patients after surgical treatment of intracranial tumors. High
      efficacy of the intraoperative ultrasound visualization has been shown in the
      detection of remaining parts of the intracranial tumor, improved radical surgery
      and less lesion to the brain. The strategy of using neuronavigation and
      intraoperative ultrasound visualization with the tumor size (volume) taken into
      consideration has been developed.

PMID- 18154088
TI  - [Surgical treatment of patients with postinfarction aneurysm of the left
      ventricle in combination with atherosclerotic lesion of the lower extremity
      arteries].
AB  - Examinations and operations on 36 ischemic heart disease patients with
      postinfarction aneurysm of the left ventricle (PIALV) in combination with
      hemodynamically significant obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower extremity
      arteries were performed in the clinic during the period from 1995 through 2005.
      The first stage of the treatment included resection of PIALV and myocardium
      revascularization. Positive results were obtained in all 36 patients at the first
      stage of surgical treatment, without ischemia of the myocardium being observed in
      the postoperative period. The contractive function of the left ventricle as an
      ejection fraction due to resection of PIALV and its plasty was on average 17%
      greater, which created favorable conditions for the following stage of surgical
      treatment. At the second stage of surgery an individual approach was used for
      patients with generalized atherosclerotic lesions of the lower extremities with
      special reference to specific clinical picture, as well as non-standard surgical
      methods. Among the nonstandard surgical methods there were transprosthetic
      aortotomic shunts and the method of a reverse formation of anastomoses.

PMID- 18154089
TI  - [Complex treatment of venous trophic ulcers of the lower extremities].
AB  - Under observation there were 189 patients with trophic ulcers of the lower
      extremities of venous genesis (CEAP VI class). In 78 patients conservative
      treatment was used with the low intensity laser radiation. Complex treatment
      consisted of preliminary preparing the ulcers and the following correction of the
      venous blood flow was used in 111 patients. 82 patients were treated by
      traditional methods disregarding the data of ultrasonic diagnosis. Laser therapy
      of ulcers by our original techniques and correction of the venous blood flow
      using new technologies and considering the data of duplex scanning was used in 29
      patients, the best nearest and long-term results of the treatment being obtained
      in patients of this clinical group.

PMID- 18154090
TI  - [An analysis of main causes of low efficiency of rendering care for pyo-necrotic
      complications of syndrome of the diabetic foot].
AB  - In the city of Chelyabinsk during 1996 through 2003 there was growing incidence
      of necrotic complications of syndrome of the diabetic foot (SDF) from 26.0 up to
      50.5 per 100 000 adults (p < or = 0.001). According to prognosis the incidence of
      SDF will grow by 2010 more than two times (R2 = 0.9849). Comparison of
      effectiveness of surgical treatment on Diabetological centers (1st group) and non
      specialized institutions (2nd group) has shown that lethality in the first group
      was 4.2%, in the second group--9.7%. In the first group the frequency of high
      amputations decreased from 31.3% in 1996 to 12.3% in 2005 (p < 0.05). As a whole,
      organizational, diagnostic and medical defects of treatment were noted in 89.5
      out of 100 patients in both groups, the errors in specialized institutions being
      made 5.7 times more rarely than in non-specialized ones, that speaks well to
      specialized Diabetological centers.

PMID- 18154091
TI  - [Effects of short-term immunosuppression on the engraftment of skin transplants
      at syndrome of the diabetic foot].
AB  - Effects of a single administration of small doses of 5-fluorouracil on results of
      skin plasty for syndrome of the diabetic foot were studied in 61 patients who had
      undergone local operations for pyo-necrotic diseases of the foot against the
      background of diabetes mellitus. The completion phase of their treatment was free
      dermal plasty with a split skin graft. Administration of 5-fluorouracil during
      the plasty operation was found to be accompanied by less marked inflammatory
      reaction in the transplant bed and in the graft. The frequency and square surface
      of lysis in the transplanted dermal skin graft were considerably lowered.

PMID- 18154092
TI  - [The nearest and long-term results of surgical treatment of patients with scarry
      strictures of the esophagus after chemical burn].
AB  - Results of esophagoplasty (small intestine--5, stomach--35, colon--40) were
      studied in 80 patients with scarry stricture of the esophagus. The development of
      cancer in the burned esophagus was established in 3 out of 5 patients in 35-45
      years after operation. Good and satisfactory results were obtained in 97.8% of
      the patients within the period from 5 to 17 years after gastro- and
      coloesophagoplasty. Unsatisfactory results were found in 3.2%. Total lethality
      after esophagoplasty was 12.5%.

PMID- 18154093
TI  - [Experimental and clinical grounds for using 30% solution of ethyl alcohol for
      chemical denervation of the gastric acid-producing zone].
AB  - Experiments were performed in 18 male rats followed by a histological
      investigation of the obtained material. The application of the 30% solution of
      ethyl alcohol was proved to cause irreversible dystrophic alterations of nerve
      fibers in the gastric wall when injected subserously and there were no
      irreversible destructive alterations in other organ tissues. Results of treatment
      of 82 patients with perforated pyloro-duodenal ulcers after suturing the
      perforated opening in combination with chemical denervation of the gastric acid
      producing zone with 30% solution of ethyl alcohol injected subserously were
      analyzed. Reliably decreased acid-proteolytic activity of the gastric body was
      found to result in stable remission and low percentage of recurrent diseases. The
      method can be recommended for wide practical use due to its simplicity and low
      percentage of recurrences of ulcer disease of the duodenum against the background
      of preserved helicobacteriosis of the stomach.

PMID- 18154094
TI  - [Plasma technologies in treatment of purulent wounds].
AB  - The article is devoted to using plasma flow for treatment of purulent wounds. The
      authors have shown an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, stimulating effect of
      plasma radiation on the basis of clinical methods of control of the wound process
      in 143 patients (hypothermia, pain syndrome in rest, the presence of purulent
      discharge, edema, granulation tissue).

PMID- 18154095
TI  - [Potentialities of multispiral computed tomography in the diagnostics of
      pathological alterations of the colon].
AB  - The work describes an experience with using different methods of multispiral
      computed tomography in the diagnosis and differential diagnostics of pathological
      changes in the colon of patients of colonoproctological profile. Methodical
      variations of the computed tomography investigations are described in patients
      with localization of tumors in different parts of the intestine.

PMID- 18154096
TI  - [Potentials of computed-tomography colonography with added investigations of the
      abdominal cavity and small pelvis in the diagnosis of diseases of the colon,
      assessment of dissemination of the pathological process].
AB  - The aim of the investigation was an assessment of potentials of computed
      tomography colonography (CTC) in diagnosis of diseases of the colon. CTC was made
      in 125 patients. The investigation was performed after special preparation of the
      patients for purgation of the colon. The patient was in the supine and prone
      position. After introduction of room air in the colon the axial sections were
      laid from the diaphragm cupola to the pelvic floor. The obtained data were
      estimated and the reconstructions were fulfilled using special software.
      Pathological alterations or anatomical specific features of the colon were
      detected in 86 out of 125 cases (68.8%), in 26 of the cases (28.6%) a conclusion
      was made of malignant tumors in the colon according to the data of CTC. The data
      obtained by CTC were compared with the data of fibrocolonoscopy, rectomanoscopy,
      irrigoscopy and histological investigation. In most cases the coincidence of the
      findings was noted.

PMID- 18154097
TI  - [Use of the method of transcanal endoscopic microsurgery in treatment of tumors
      of the rectum].
AB  - The method of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is in use now for treatment
      of benign tumors of the rectum, and in some cases for early forms of cancer of
      the same localization, equally with traditional surgical methods such as
      transanal and endoscopic dissection. Immediate and long-term results of treatment
      of three groups of patients operated on by the methods in question were compared
      to establish the effectiveness of the methods. It was shown that TEM was more
      precise, had less number of intra- and postoperative complications and
      considerably rarer recurrences.

PMID- 18154098
TI  - [Technology of hernioplasty of inguinal hernia using miniapproach].
AB  - A new method of treatment of inguinal hernias is proposed. The method is based on
      projecting the inguinal ring onto the skin under the USI control and using
      suprainguinal preperitoneal oblique-transverse miniapproach, dissection of the
      hernia sac, fixing the mesh explant in the preperitoneal space by pi-shaped
      sutures, thus making the operative trauma minimal and improving the
      rehabilitation of the operated patients. The clinical topographic-anatomical and
      ultrasonic methods of investigation were used. The technology was applied in the
      operative treatment of 89 patients with inguinal hernias. Six episodes of
      recurrence were noted in the 1-4 year period following the displacement of the
      mesh explant because of the absence of fixation and little size of the mesh. The
      proposed technology is an alternative to video-laparoscopic methods of treatment.

PMID- 18154099
TI  - [Surgical prophylactics of injuries of the recurrent laryngeal nerves during
      operations for diseases of the thyroid gland].
AB  - The work presents an analysis of specific features of surgical anatomy of
      recurrent laryngeal nerves in 676 patients operated in the City Center of
      endocrine surgery and oncology of St. Petersburg for different diseases of the
      thyroid gland (TG) during the period from 01.01.2005 to 15.07.2006 mainly by one
      and the same surgeon. In the course of 696 operations 718 recurrent laryngeal
      nerves were detected, verified, separated in the neck from the subclavian area to
      the place of entering into the larynx, and photo-video documented. In 656 cases
      the disease of TG was primary, and in 40 cases--recurrent. The investigation
      performed allowed the development and use of reliable methods of prophylactics
      and treatment of recurrent laryngeal nerves injured in patients during operations
      for different diseases of TG, carcinoma of this organ included. The optimal
      places of detection and identification were determined as well as the ways of
      separation of these nerves from the surrounding tissues. The surgical anatomy of
      the recurrent laryngeal nerves in the neck was studied. The role, place and
      effectiveness of electrophysiological monitoring were established. The
      corrections introduced in the technique of thyroidectomies in 4110 patients
      resulted in lowered incidence of postoperative pareses of the laryngeal muscles
      from 0.91% to 0.56% during the period from 2001 to 2006.

PMID- 18154100
TI  - [Secondary hyperparathyroidism: incidence, clinical presentations, treatment].
AB  - Prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) was studied in 235 patients
      treated by program hemodialysis. SHPT was diagnosed according to recommendations
      of K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines with the parathyroid hormone (PTH) level
      higher than 300 pg/ml. In the beginning of replacement renal therapy with
      hemodialysis the secondary hyperparathyroidism of different degree was found in
      145 patients (61.7%): mild form (PTH from 300 to 450 pg/ml) in 37.8%, medium (PTH
      from 450 to 1000 pg/ml) in 40.5%, severe (PTH more than 1000 pg/ml) in 21.7%.
      Normal indices of PTH were determined in 70 patients. In 20 patients the
      parathyroid hormone was less than 120 pg/ml and they had symptoms of adynamic
      disease of the bones. In the group of patients observed for 4 years (n = 80) the
      incidence of SHPT became less against the background of treatment from 60.0% to
      37.0%. Relatively satisfactory results of conservative treatment can be explained
      by predominance of patients with less than 5 years of CRF. The therapy was more
      effective in patients with mild and medium forms of SHPT. In patients with severe
      SHPT (PTH more than 1000 pg/ml) the effect was partial and 77.0% of these
      patients needed surgical treatment.

PMID- 18154101
TI  - [An analysis of hospital mortality of casualties with combined cerebro-cranial
      traumas in St. Petersburg and problems of the quality of medical care].
AB  - Clinico-statistical characterization of 661 subjects who died from combined
      cerebro-cranial traumas in hospitals of St. Petersburg in 2004 is presented with
      an analysis of the quality of medical care rendered to them. Most of those
      subjects had severe combined injuries with dominating or markedly seen signs of
      combined cerebro-cranial traumas. The main cause of death was most frequently a
      severe combined trauma of the body (52%) and different complications of trauma
      disease (36.3%). In the process of complex expert assessment of the quality of
      medical care each case was referred to one of three categories of outcomes:
      avoidable, conventionally avoidable and unavoidable. The groups of subjects with
      avoidable and conventionally avoidable outcomes (53.6%) are considered to be a
      substantial reserve for improvement of the results of treatment of combined
      cerebro-cranial traumas.

PMID- 18154102
TI  - [Surgical method in treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth cavity and
      oral part of the pharynx].
AB  - Surgical method of treatment was used in 194 patients with tumors of the mouth
      cavity and oral part of the pharynx. Combined treatment (radiation therapy and
      operation in various combinations) was used in 110 of these patients and in 84
      patients the treatment was complex (polychemotherapy + operation + postoperative
      course of radiation therapy). Comparative characterization of operations
      fulfilled on the initial focus has shown that the number of function-saving
      operations in the group of patients treated by complex methods was 86.9%, and in
      the group of patients treated by combined methods it was 70.9%. It can be
      explained by a higher degree of tumor regression under the influence of neo
      adjuvant polychemotherapy than under the action of preoperative course of
      radiation therapy as well as due to the development of a number of function
      saving operations which could be used in patients after a course of neo-adjuvant
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 18154103
TI  - [Transabdominal ultrtasonic investigation of the upper parts of the gastro
      intestinal tract in diagnostics of ulcer disease and decision on the strategy
      before and after surgery].
AB  - The authors present an analysis of results of the diagnostics and treatment of
      293 patients admitted to the Alexandrovskaya hospital of St. Petersburg in 1995
      2005 for gastroduodenal ulcer, including 202 patients after operative treatment.
      The morpho-functional state of the upper parts of the gastro-intestinal tract was
      assessed by the method of transabdominal sonography of the stomach and duodenum
      with a convection transducer 5 MHz in on-line regimen. The informative value of
      the method corresponds to the reference diagnostics method, sensitivity of the
      method was 91%, specificity--95%. The ultrasound investigation of the stomach and
      duodenum is a highly efficient method of diagnostics of the morpho-functional
      state of the gastro-duodenal system giving a reliable interpretation of the local
      morphological and functional changes, ulcer disease included, corresponding to
      the efficiency of the reference diagnostics methods. The sonography allows a
      dynamic control of the treatment process, assessment of the alterations after
      surgery on the stomach and duodenum and decision on the exact surgical strategy.

PMID- 18154104
TI  - [Pseudocoronary syndrome in patients with gallbladder pathology].
AB  - An analysis of 14 clinical observations of patients with a pseudocoronary variant
      of cholecystocardial syndrome against the background of acute cholecystitis and
      cholelithiasis was made. An incidence of the pseudocoronary syndrome in patients
      with the pathology in question was precisely estimated. A method of coding using
      the "Minnesota code" was used for the first time for the estimation of ECG in
      such category of patients.

PMID- 18154105
TI  - [Prosthesis of the anterior abdominal wall in treatment of gigantic ventral
      hernias].
AB  - Radical operations for gigantic ventral hernias were performed on 75 patients
      using alloplasty with polypropylene gauze which were placed on the posterior
      leaves of the rectal abdominal muscle sheaths or by the method of sublay with a
      partial or complete suture of the hernia hilus. An original method of covering
      the prosthesis with a flap of the anterior wall of the rectal abdominal muscle is
      described. Complications after operation were noted in 9 (12%) patients. The
      follow-up period was from 1 to 5 years. Recurrent hernia was found in 1 patient
      (1.3%).

PMID- 18154106
TI  - [Nephrectomy by an endovideosurgical access].
AB  - The results of nephrectomy for hydronephrosis and arteriolosclerotic kidney
      performed by open (30), laparoscopic (22) and lumboscopic (27) accesses were
      compared. The advantages of the endovideosurgical method of operation were
      statistically proved by the indices of invasiveness of surgery. No difference
      between the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal accesses in nephrectomy was
      found.

PMID- 18154107
TI  - [Improved technique of amputation of the femur].
AB  - The author proposes an improved technique of amputation at the femur level. It
      consists in using the circular suture up to the intersection of the femur muscles
      for hemostasis and covering the bone stump, draining the stump through a special
      puncture in the posterior surface of the femur, and an intracutaneous absorbable
      suture.

PMID- 18154108
TI  - [The current state of the problem of incompetence of esophageal anastomoses after
      operations for cancer of the esophagus and esophago-gastric passage].

PMID- 18154109
TI  - [On the choice of an adequate volume of operation on the lymphatic apparatus in
      lung cancer depending on the tumor localization].

PMID- 18154110
TI  - [Potential of lignin application in development of new antitumor drugs].

PMID- 18154111
TI  - [Infantile mortality from malignant tumors in Russia (1965-2005)].

PMID- 18154112
TI  - [Properties of mammary fat in breast cancer patients: topographic, systemic and
      environmental factors].
AB  - Breast cancer course may be influenced by a profile of steroids and peptides
      produced by mammary fat. The study was concerned with assessment of hormonal
      (leptin and adiponectin production, adipocyte diameter and aromatase level) and
      progenotoxic factors which characterize DNA damage (8-OHdG) and such cancer
      promoters as tumor necrosis (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO),
      thiobarbiturate reactive products (TRP), macrophage/histiocyte infiltration,
      estrogen 4-hydroxylase expression (CYP1B1) in mammary fat located 1.5-2 cm or not
      less than 5 cm away from tumor edge. Thirty-three pairs of mammary fat samples
      from 23 menopausal and 10 cycling patients were used. Closer proximity of mammary
      fat involved intensified biosynthesis of estrogens (as shown by aromatase level)
      and their conversion to catechol derivatives (as shown by CYP1B1 concentration)
      as well as accumulation of 8-OH-dG. Smoking and hyperglycemic patients and those
      with considerable mammary fat volume revealed accumulations of anti-inflammatory
      and progenotoxic cytokines (IL-6 or TNF-alpha). Hence, hormonal/progenotoxic
      ratio in mammary fat can be identified both by topographic, systemic and
      environmental factors.

PMID- 18154113
TI  - [Role of palliative surgery in complex treatment for disseminated breast cancer].
AB  - An assessment was undertaken of survival and prognosis in 30 patients with
      primary disseminated breast tumors which disintegrated following palliative
      mastectomy carried out for sanitary purposes. That resulted in significant
      improvement in general condition, higher hemoglobulin and lowered intoxication
      which in turn made medication and radiotherapy possible: chemotherapy (4-6
      cycles) followed by hormonal therapy (22-73.3%), hormonal therapy (8-26.7%), and
      radiotherapy for surgical scar (16-53.3%). All patients were followed up for 18
      months (median--3.8 years). Tumor progression at different stages was detected in
      12 (40%); local recurrences--8 out of them (26.7%). By the time of investigation,
      9 (20%) out of 30, had died of tumor progression while 21 (80%) continued their
      treatment at the Institute's Clinic. Mean survival was 21.5 +/-2.2 months (median
      -19 (8-60+)). Our method proved effective due to high survival (median--18
      months) and significant improvement in quality of life. However, visceral
      metastases (p = 0.02) and tumor growth duration (p = 0.05) were of prognostic
      significance. Such characteristics as presence or absence of estrogen and
      progesterone receptors of tumor, histological pattern, and anemia appeared
      insignificant, as far as prognosis was concerned. Function chi2 difference was
      highly significant (Cox) (p = 0.00013).

PMID- 18154115
TI  - [Extent of destructive changes in tumor parenchyma of breast cancer patients of
      various age].
AB  - Extent of viable tumor parenchyma and necrotic tissue as well as grade of tumor
      cell apoptosis were assessed using histological samples from 377 patients with
      invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. No preoperative chemo- or radiotherapy
      was given. Patients of varying age were examined for destructive changes in tumor
      nodes both in absence and presence of regional metastases. The highest viability
      was registered in patients aged 30-39 years. There was a reverse correlation
      between age, on the one hand, and extent of intact tumor parenchyma, on the
      other. Similarly, the same age group revealed relatively pronounced destructive
      changes such as necrosis and apoptosis which are generally characteristic of
      younger age. There was a significant relationship between extent of destructive
      changes and malignant anaplasia.

PMID- 18154114
TI  - [Immunohistochemical assay of cellular cycle markers: an alternative to chip
      diagnosis of breast cancer].
AB  - A new method of evaluation of immunohistochemical markers of cellular cycle (K
      67, topoisomerase-II-alpha, P21/wafl), adhesion molecules (E-cadherin, CD33v6),
      oncoprotein HER-2, and estrogen and progesterone receptors of tumor is presented.
      High-precision count of tumor cells, which express each marker, was carried out
      using serial paraffin sections and Leica CTR5000 morphometric station and Leica
      Quin Plus program, to identify tumor sensitivity to anthracyclines and taxanes.
      Proliferative potential, tumor sensitivity to key chemical drugs and prognosis
      were evaluated on the basis of the evidence obtained and, in particular, the role
      of the proteins under study played in cellular cycle.

PMID- 18154116
TI  - [Novel procedure for preoperative diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma].
AB  - Our study has shown that evaluation of marker genes SFTPB and TFF3 expression
      using fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodal alterations is an effective
      means of differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. When used on
      molecular level, it may detect the disease before clinical signs develop or
      ultrasound examination is carried out.

PMID- 18154117
TI  - [Regularities of relapse and metastasis of signet ring cell carcinoma of the
      stomach following combined and surgical treatment].
AB  - Characteristics of recurrence and metastatic development of signet ring cell
      carcinoma of the stomach were studied in 59 cases after combined and surgical
      treatment. Peritoneal dissemination appeared to be the most frequent pattern of
      tumor progression. It accounted for 55% of all relapses and occurred in 27% of
      patients even without extension through serous membrane (pT2). Metastasizing
      through the lymphatic viae was fairly frequent mostly in cases of peritoneal
      carcinomatosis while blood flow-related dissemination was not. Subtotal resection
      in patients with early-stage signet ring cell carcinoma (pT1) was justified
      because local recurrences are extremely rare in that pathology. Since (pT2-4)
      stump relapse is fairly frequent (14-16%), the operation of choice was
      gastrectomy, whatever site of tumor. Regional metastasis recurrence was 20% among
      patients with relapsing tumor. It usually co-occurred with distant metastases
      and, therefore, was less clinically significant. However, when concomitant with
      local recurrence, it ruled out radical treatment. Preoperative radiotherapy was
      followed by a significant drop in regional metastasis recurrence rate (4.5 and
      13.3%, p = 0.04).

PMID- 18154118
TI  - [Insulin-like factor of growth (IGFI), insulin-like growth factor binding protein
      3 (IGFBP3) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) in patients with
      locally-advanced and metastatic cancer of prostate].
AB  - The paper deals with a study of growth factors in blood serum from patients with
      locally-advanced and metastatic cancer of prostate prior to treatment. Twelve
      months after diagnosis was made, the data were compared with the initial indices.
      Immunoenzymatic assay was used in combination with the existing standard
      procedures of examination of cancer patients. Data were compared with clinico
      morphological and serologic evidence on tumor process using medico-biological
      statistics.

PMID- 18154119
TI  - [Detection of genetic mutations in clinical specimens from cancer patients:
      comparison of NIRCA and SSCP scanning methods].
AB  - Specimens of tumor with K-RAS mutations were used to compare SSCP and NIRCA
      efficiencies in screening long target regions for dispersed point mutations. K
      RAS mutations were detected in 5 out of 10 tumor tissue samples from colorectal
      cancer patients (in codon 12-4 and codon 13-1). Mutant alleles occurred most
      frequently in adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon and rectum. Both methods
      proved equally efficient. In certain situations, they may be combined or used as
      complementary. NIRCA is suitable for screening relatively long sequences (up to
      1kb) while SSCP is less sophisticated, robust and allows for mutant bands to be
      extracted from polyacrylamide gel when required.

PMID- 18154120
TI  - [Lighting effect on spontaneous tumor development in female rats].
AB  - The investigation is concerned with effects of lighting--12hr light/12hr dark
      (standard), natural lighting in the Russian North-West, constant illumination and
      light deprivation--on life span and spontaneous tumor development in female LIO
      rats. Constant and North-West lighting involved premature aging, shorter mean
      (13.5 and 25%) and maximum life span (by 9 and 7 months, respectively) and a
      significant increase in spontaneous tumor development rate as compared with
      standard lighting. Light deprivation resulted in a longer maximum life span and
      significant (2.1 times) drop in tumor incidence.

PMID- 18154121
TI  - [Effect of apolipoprotein A-1 containing steroid hormones on DNA and protein
      biosynthesis in cells of ascitic hepatoma HA-1].
AB  - The rate of DNA and protein biosynthesis in murine hepatoma HA-1 was accelerated
      when steroid hormones, containing a reduced delta4,3-keto group in the A-ring,
      were used in combination with apolipoprotein A-1. That was demonstrated for
      apolipoprotein A-1 complexes with dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone
      sulfate and tetrahydrocortisol. Apolipoprotein A-1 complexes serve as a vehicle
      for steroids penetration into cells to influence protein biosynthesis.

PMID- 18154122
TI  - [Inhibition of tumor growth in rat liver induced by tumor-specific transfer
      factor].
AB  - A transfer factor (TF) specific to antigens of Geren's carcinoma in rat was
      developed using an original model of intraorganic growth. Intravenous injection
      (1pg/g body) inhibited primary tumor node growth in the liver by 78% and blocked
      dissemination to peritoneal viscera. Its effect was due to an immunospecific
      component promoting antitumor immunological response. The latter presented as
      generation of cytotoxic effector cells, vascular disorders in tumor parenchyma
      thus blocking tumor cell proliferation. Possible applications of tumor-specific
      TF for biotherapy of cancer patients are discussed.

PMID- 18154123
TI  - [Means of improvement of surgical treatment for oropharyngeal planocellular
      carcinoma].
AB  - A new technique of intraoperative bolus-assisted administration of chemical drugs
      for oropharyngeal carcinoma has been developed. In tongue tumor, the lingual
      artery was ligated at the site of origin from the external carotid artery and
      catheter was installed after venous flow was blocked. Bolus was used to
      administer 5-fluorouracyl intraoperatively before and after removal of primary
      tumor. The external carotid artery was ligated at a site above the origin of the
      upper thyroid artery after venous flow was blocked and paracervical fat excised
      when tumor site was at the back of the oral cavity, oropharynx or in cases of
      locally advanced cancer. Subsequently, depending on tumor site, catheter was
      installed into the external carotid artery trunk at a site below the origin of
      the lingual artery, the external carotid artery was ligated once more at a site
      above the origin of the facial artery, and bolus was used to administer 5
      fluorouracyl intraoperatively before and after removal of primary tumor.
      According to the end results, relapse occurred after 28 months instead of 12 and
      survival improved within the first 2 years after surgery.

PMID- 18154124
TI  - [Effectiveness of different regimes of combined treatment (cisplatin+
      radiotherapy) for intraoral and oropharyngeal cancer].
AB  - Three regimes of combined treatment for intraoral and oropharyngeal cancer were
      compared. In group A, cisplatin 6 mg/m2 was given intravenously, daily; group B-
      40 mg/m2, weekly; group C--100 mg/m2, once in 3 weeks. All patients
      simultaneously received distant radiation therapy in a standard fractionated dose
      of 2 Gy per fraction, 5 times a week, up to TTD of 68-70 Gy. Among relatively
      frequent side-effects were granulocytopenia, asthenia and stomatitis. Overall
      immediate effectiveness was: group A--100%, group B--96% and group C--100%. The
      rates of complete tumor resorption were: group A--27.3%, group B--19.2% and group
      C--16.7%.

PMID- 18154125
TI  - [Treatment for locally-advanced rectal cancer].

PMID- 18154126
TI  - [Local ultrasound hyperthermia as a component of radiotherapy for osteogenic
      sarcoma of tubular bones in children and adolescents].
AB  - An evaluation of the end results of combined treatment for osteogenic sarcoma by
      standard chemoradiotherapy (n = 66) and novel thermochemical therapy (n = 108)
      using local ultrasound hyperthermia (total number--174) demonstrated their
      dependence on the temperature range in target tumor tissues. Use of
      subhypertemperatures of 39--41-45 deg.C (TTD--36 Gy) did not improve the results
      of treatment. However, 41-45 deg.C (TTD--36 Gy) was followed by a significant
      increase in 3- and 5-year survival and improved quality of life in cured patients
      as compared with those receiving standard radiotherapy (TTD--60-110 Gy).
      Hyperthermic therapeutic effect in osteogenic sarcoma depends on certain
      conditions. Effective temperatures can generally be reached in patients with
      relatively large-size tumors and rather thin coats of subcutaneous fat.

PMID- 18154127
TI  - [Dicarbamin--an effective protector of myelodepression in combined treatment for
      Hodgkin's disease].
AB  - Clinical trials were carried out of the protective action of dicarbamin in 33
      patients with Hodgkin's disease (13 males and 20 females, average age--31 years).
      They received standard chemotherapy ABVD (doxorubicin--25 mg/m2, bleomycin--10
      mg/m2, vinblastine--6 mg/m2, dacarbazine--375 mg/m2, intravenously, on days 1 and
      15 of each cycle, every 4 weeks. Patients suffering neutropenia after the first
      injection of the cytostatic drugs were given dicarbamin 100 mg/day on day 5
      before a second administration. Treatment with dicarbamin continued for 15 days.
      Its protective effect was reported in 27 patients (81.8%). Leukocyte and
      granulocyte count before dicarbamin was 3.74 +/- 0.25 x 10(9)/l and 1.42 +/- 0.17
      x 10(9)/l, respectively. On completion of the polychemotherapeutic cycle, the
      indices rose to 5.0 +/- 0.28 x 10(9)/13 and 2.49 +/- 0.25 x 10(9)/l,
      respectively. The beneficial effect of dicarbamin was also demonstrated by a
      quick recovery of leukocyte levels than in controls (p > 0.5). After the next
      cycle of polychemotherapy (ABVD) plus dicarbamin was given for Hodgkin's disease
      and grade III-IV leuko- and granulocytopenia, leukocyte and granulocyte
      concentrations returned back to normal which indicated the protective action of
      dicarbamin.

PMID- 18154128
TI  - [Continuous influx of newly transformed cells as a source of tumor clonal
      heterogeneity].

PMID- 18154129
TI  - [Pulmonary epitheloid hemangioendothelioma].

PMID- 18154130
TI  - [Analysis of reticulocytes: manual microscopy, flow analyzers or image analyzers?
      (analytical review)].
AB  - Three procedures for determining the quantity and composition of reticulocytes
      (visual analysis during manual microscopy; flow cytometry, semi-automatic
      analysis using a computerized microscopy unit) are compared. The errors
      characteristics for each procedure and the reasons why manual analysis still
      remains most used are discussed. The paper points out that it is impossible to
      draw a conclusion on the accuracy of the procedures, by using the values of the
      correlation coefficient. Evidence is provided for the thesis that the statistical
      accuracy may be achieved only when the image analyzer of a computerized
      microscopy unit is employed, therefore this procedure is recommended for use as a
      reference one. The characteristics of a procedure for analyzing reticulocytes by
      means of a MEKOS-Ts2 computerized microscopy unit are presented.

PMID- 18154131
TI  - [Plasma dehydratation self-organization in patients with coronary heart].
AB  - The functional morphology of biological fluids is a basically new branch of
      science, which is based on the study of a result of phase change processes in the
      substrate under study. The paper shows the specific features of plasma spatial
      organization in patients with chronic and acute coronary heart disease (CHD). The
      findings may be used as an additional criterion for the differential diagnosis of
      the above forms of CHD and open up a new line in the diagnosis and risk
      stratification in CHD patients.

PMID- 18154132
TI  - [Erythrocytes: structure, functions, clinical diagnostic value (a lecture)].

PMID- 18154133
TI  - [Microflora formation in the newborn in maternity hospitals and neonatal
      abnormality units].
AB  - The basic sources of pyoseptic infection pathogens are infected and colonized
      neonatal infants in maternity hospitals. Microbiological monitoring revealed the
      specific features of biocenosis formation in the newborn in the "Mother and Baby"
      units, resuscitative departments (RD), intensive care units, and neonatal
      abnormality departments (NAD). Irrespective of the conditions of hospital stay,
      methicillin-resistant S. epidermis (MRSE) and Enterococcus faecium were prevalent
      in the neonatal microbial landscape. Colonization with the normal flora in the
      newborn actively treated with antibiotics is difficult in RD, at the same time
      there is a significant infection with the mycotic flora. Broad-spectrum beta
      lactamase producing Klebsiela pneumonia strains have received wide acceptance in
      NAD.

PMID- 18154135
TI  - [Normal ranges and accuracy of laboratory analyses].
AB  - For many reasons, it is impossible to make a distinction between the laboratory
      indices of health and disease (to establish the normal ranges); there is always
      an uncertainty portion wherein the result of an analysis allows the conclusion to
      be made only with a definitive probability. The real uncertainty (i.e.
      inaccuracy) of an analysis extends this portion. The generally recognized
      recommendations on blood glucose and cholesterol should be taken as a model,
      which identifies three zones: 1) health; 2) disease; and 3) intermediate one when
      well-being cannot be stated, but a significant disease is absent. The uncertainty
      of the result of analysis is best assessed by the statistical shift scattering
      method that characterizes the wide spectrum of not only analytical, but also some
      preanalytical errors. The ranges of normal values (a reference interval)
      established by a traditional population-based study may be taken only as interim
      ones, by introducing the half-width intermediate zone of one shift scatter.

PMID- 18154136
TI  - [Metabolic syndrome as a precursor of diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular
      diseases].

PMID- 18154137
TI  - [Metabolic syndrome in patients with gastrointestinal diseases].
AB  - AIM: To study gastrointestinal pathology in patients with metabolic syndrome
      (MS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examination of 536 patients with MS and
      gastrointestinal diseases included clinical tests, biochemical hepatic tests,
      determination of blood lipid spectrum, x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum,
      colon, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, ultrasonic investigation of the liver, gall
      bladder and pancreas. 56 patients have undergone puncture biopsy of the liver.
      RESULTS: Esophageal, hepatic and biliary, pancreatic, colon diseases were
      detected in 72, 64, 18 and 74%, respectively. Clinical manifestations of these
      associated diseases had no definite symptoms and were characterized by cross-over
      syndromes. CONCLUSION: MS patients with gastrointestinal diseases showed
      polymorbidity. Treatment of the above diseases should be supplemented with drug
      correction of MS.

PMID- 18154138
TI  - [Metabolic syndrome and a course of osteoarthrosis].
AB  - AIM: To compare osteoarthritis (OA) course in patients with metabolic syndrome
      (MS) and those free of MS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The presence and completeness of
      MS according to 2005 criteria were studied in 1350 OA patients (mean age 52.65 +/
      11.31 years). Most of the patients were women (74%) and persons over 45 years of
      age (80%). RESULTS: MS was detected in 82.3% examinees with OA. MS was complete
      in 62.56%. MS-free OA was separately comorbid with arterial hypertension, obesity
      and diabetes mellitus. OA patients with MS had earlier clinical symptoms of OA,
      its longer duration, prevalence of generalized disease, more frequent development
      of knee joint synovitis and periarthritis, more intensive pain in the joints. OA
      patients with MS were more frequently affected with cardiovascular,
      gastrointestinal, renal and thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus and complications
      of these diseases. This resulted in 2.5 times greater nosological load on the
      patients. 20% patients with OA were declared invalid, most of them (266, 90.17%)
      had MS. CONCLUSION: Relationship of OA symptoms with metabolic factors may point
      to participation of the latter in the development and progression of OA.

PMID- 18154139
TI  - [Metabolic syndrome and erectile dysfunction].
AB  - AIM: To study aspects of erectile dysfunction (ED) pathogenesis in patients with
      metabolic syndrome (MS) and its diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Epidemiology of
      ED in MS patients was studied by determination of MS prevalence among patients
      with organic ED (MS diagnosis according to NCEP/ATP III criteria), questionnaire
      assessment of erectile function in MS patients observed by the cardiologist or
      therapist. ED patients with MS (n = 385) entered the study group. Patients with
      organic ED free of MS (n = 210) entered the control group. A complex andrologic
      examination was made to analyse vascular, neurological and hormonal disorders.
      RESULTS: About 46.4% patients with organic ED had clinical symptoms of MS while
      57.02% patients with MS had ED. In the study group ED arose earlier than in the
      controls (43.46 +/- 9.87 and 50.38 +/- 13.35 years, respectively; p < 0.05) and
      stood longer (6.36 +/- 4.13 and 3.55 +/- 3.27 years; p < 0.05). From the study
      group half of the patients had severe ED. Among the controls cases of severe ED
      were 2 times less frequent. ED in MS was primarily of arteriogenic nature. Blood
      androgens levels were subnormal in 36.36% patients, neurogenic disorders occurred
      in 42.2% cases. Endothelial dysfunction was a leading pathogenetic mechanism of
      ED development in MS. CONCLUSION: MS patients often have ED. The presence of MS
      entails a severe course and earlier onset of ED.

PMID- 18154140
TI  - [A comparative analysis of normodipin and spirapril effects on intravascular
      activity of platelets in patients with metabolic syndrome].
AB  - AIM: To study effects of two hypotensive drugs--normodipin and spirapril--on
      intravascular activity of platelets in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).
      MATERIAL AND METHODS: Normodipin was given to 25 patients with MS for 3 months,
      spirapril--to 20 patients for 3 months. The effect was evaluated by changes in
      lipid peroxidation in plasm and platelets, antioxidant defense of liquid blood
      and platelets, intravascular activity of platelets. RESULTS: Administration of
      normodipin in MS patients had a positive effect on lipid peroxidation and
      normalized intravascular activity of platelets. Such pronounced positive effects
      on lipid peroxidation of plasm and platelets as well as on intravascular activity
      of the latter were not registered after use of spirapril. CONCLUSION:
      Optimization of platelet function in MS patients can be achieved with long-term
      normodipin treatment.

PMID- 18154141
TI  - [Obesity in adolescents. Results of Russian epidemiological trial].
AB  - AIM: To study prevalence of overweight and obesity among Russian 12-17 year-olds.
      MATERIAL AND METHODS; A total of 11977 adolescents (forms 6-11) from schools
      randomly selected for one-stage trial were examined. The protocol included
      filling in questionnaires, measurements of body mass, height, waste
      circumference. Overweight and obesity were verified by international BMI criteria
      regarding age and gender. Statistic processing was made with SPSS program
      package. RESULTS: The analysis covered 10223 questionnaires (46.5% boys, 53.5%
      girls). Overweight was registered in 11.8%. Of them, 2.3% had obesity. Overall
      incidence of overweight and obesity in Russia among 12-17-year-old girls is 7.7
      and 1.6%, among boys 8.7 and 2.5% cases, respectively. Both in girls and boys
      overweight is maximal in 12-13 years (15.5-12.1%), it goes down to 7.7% to 17
      years. Obesity at the age of 12 years is recorded in 3.1% adolescents, at the age
      of 17 years--in 1.4%. CONCLUSION: Sedentary life style and improper nutrition are
      leading causes of obesity in adolescence.

PMID- 18154142
TI  - [Obesity and bronchial asthma: new insight (review)].

PMID- 18154143
TI  - [Xenical--a modern perspective drug for the treatment of obesity (review)].

PMID- 18154144
TI  - [Metabolic and hemodynamic effects of combined treatment with metformine and
      rosiglitasone (avandium) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and high
      cardiovascular risk].
AB  - AIM: To study efficiacy of 24-week combined therapy with metformin and
      rosiglitasone in correction of metabolic parameters, blood pressure and total
      cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. MATERIAL AND
      METHODS: Blood pressure, body mass, glycemia and blood lipids, hyperinsulinemia,
      fat mass were studied in 30 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and
      hypertension on metformine treatment in a dose 1500 mg/day. When they entered the
      trial, metformine treatment was combined with rosiglitasone in a dose 4 mg/day.
      The combined treatment continued for 24 weeks. RESULTS: The above combination
      significantly improved carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The levels of fasting
      and postprandial glycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin resistance index
      significantly reduced. Both total and visceral fat tissue mass diminished.
      Improvement was seen in 24-h blood pressure monitoring data and intracardiac
      hemodynamics. Total cardiovascular risk decreased by three scales. Side effects
      were not registered. CONCLUSION: Combined use of metformine and rosiglitasone in
      patients with diabetes type 2 is pathogenetically sound, highly effective and
      safe.

PMID- 18154145
TI  - [Current status of problems in prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus
      (review)].

PMID- 18154146
TI  - [Correction of cardiovascular pathology in men with age-dependent androgen
      deficiency (review)].

PMID- 18154147
TI  - [Chronic low cardiac output and depression (review)].

PMID- 18154148
TI  - [Somatogenic and somatogenically provoked psychoses in hematologic malignancies.
      Typology and therapy of somatogenic psychoses in hematologic malignancies].
AB  - AIM: To specify clinical typology and develop therapeutic approaches to
      somatogenic psychoses (SP) in hematologic malignancy (HM). MATERIAL AND METHODS:
      Clinical assessment was made in 118 patients with SP corresponding to diagnostic
      rubric F05 or F06 in International Disease Classification 10. RESULTS: Three
      types of SP in HM were identified: delirium (n = 73, 61.9%), aberration and
      somatogenically provoked attacks of schizophrenia (n = 7, 5.9%). Clinical picture
      and conditions of the above diseases onset in HM patients are described. Delirium
      developing in HM is characterized by subclinical psychoses, endogenomorphic
      psychoses. Endogenomorphic psychoses in the sample were represented by
      hallucinative-paranoid and depressive- delirious psychoses. CONCLUSION: SP
      classification proposed directly influences the choice of treatment methods.
      Psychotropic drugs with known clinical activity with wide-spectrum therapeutic
      action are effective in the above patients.

PMID- 18154149
TI  - [Chronic prostatitis--risk factor in development of prostatic cancer (review)].

PMID- 18154150
TI  - [Combination of two forms of chronic leukemia and solid tumor in one patient].

PMID- 18154151
TI  - [Two cases of histiocytosis X of the lungs].

PMID- 18154152
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of elderly patients with cardiovascular
      diseases comorbid with depression (results of a multicenter prospective trial
      COORDINATA)].

PMID- 18154153
TI  - [Subvalvular stenosis of the pulmonary artery--congenital valvular disease or
      cardiomyopathy?].

PMID- 18154154
TI  - [High risk arterial hypertension: the role of angiotensin II receptor blockers].

PMID- 18154155
TI  - [Anticoagulants of indirect action in therapeutic practice].

PMID- 18154156
TI  - [Perspective look of dividual medical divisional battalion].

PMID- 18154157
TI  - [Investigation of possibility of personal determination of human race type on the
      base anthropological data (According to the materials from Northern Eurasia)].
AB  - The article presents different methods and the technology of individual
      prognostication of anthropological variants of a person (big race, small race,
      anthropological type) with utilization frequencies of finding of different
      anthropological signs. It's expediently to range the basic rules of diagnostics
      of anthropological variant according to hierarchic principle. At first the
      individual diagnostics is conducted as regards to big anthropological
      subdivisions, usually to big races, occupying great geographical areas. Then the
      system of basic rules is used, developed specially for this area. This system
      permits to attribute a person to different divided anthropological subdivisions-
      small races, regional anthropological types and etc. The authors made a
      conclusion about the probability and possibility of using developed methods and
      the technology for diagnostics of anthropological type for person's
      determination.

PMID- 18154158
TI  - [New agent of prophylaxis of foot mycosis of servicemen].

PMID- 18154159
TI  - [Medicinal and diagnostic laparoscopy in conditions of appendicitis].
AB  - The article presents the results of analyze of diagnostic laparoscopy on the
      example of 1028 patients with clinical characters of appendicitis, diagnosis of
      682 patients (66.3%) is conformed. 667 patients (99.3%) had transformation of
      laparoscopy from diagnostic to medicinal. Postoperative prearranged sanitational
      laparoscopy was conducted with 28 patients (4.5%), including 1 time--21 patients,
      2 times--6 patients, 3 times--patient. 24 patients had different complications
      (intraperitoneal hemorrhage, commissural and paralytic terminal ileuses,
      abscesses and infiltrates of abdominal cavity, infiltrates of anterior abdominal
      wall, subcutaneous eventration of small intestinal loop). There were no lethal
      outcomes. Average day in a hospital in conditions of acute appendicitis is 4.2
      day, in conditions of chronic appendicitis--3.1 day.

PMID- 18154160
TI  - [Experience of clinical using of new litostripper during the treatment of
      ureteral calculus].

PMID- 18154161
TI  - [Antibacterial therapy of out-hospital pneumonia in military prophylaxis-treat-29
      ment institutions and hospitals].

PMID- 18154162
TI  - [Discussable questions of non-typical endoscopical papillothomiya].
AB  - The article is dedicated to non-typical methods of operation of endoscopical
      papillothomiya. The article presents the history of elaboration of different
      methods of non-typical endoscopical papillothomiya, the results of analyze of
      data from the literature with a survey of discussable items about the necessity,
      effectiveness and safety of non-typical methods of endocsopical papillothomiya.
      The authors offered the classification of these methods, defined the conditions
      of using and gave the data of their own researches of effectiveness and frequency
      of complications during the process of operation of endoscopical papillothomiya
      by non-typical methods.

PMID- 18154163
TI  - [Valuation of myocardial disfunction, of life quality and survival value of
      patients chronic heart weakness, in dependence of order of constant
      electrocardiostimulation].

PMID- 18154164
TI  - [Modern problems of therapy of urogenital trichomoniasis].

PMID- 18154165
TI  - [Using of computer electroencephalography during the examination of sufferers
      from explosive hurts].

PMID- 18154166
TI  - [Experience of using of food additive "Nutricon" for the correction of lipidic
      metabolism of air staff in 55 condition of military hospital].

PMID- 18154167
TI  - [State of juridical base of the system of medical supply and problems of it's
      actualization].

PMID- 18154168
TI  - [Results and success of common work of medical service Armed Forces of RF and
      native industry].

PMID- 18154169
TI  - [Contribution of "Military-Medical magazine" in medical support of Red Army
      during the Great Patriotic War (up to celebration of 185th anniversary of the
      magazine)].

PMID- 18154170
TI  - [Historical aspects of organization of medical support of Red Army during the
      period end of 1920-beginning of 1930 years].

PMID- 18154171
TI  - [Arterial hypertension in extreme situations].
AB  - Wartime arterial hypertension (AH) is AH that debuts or changes its character
      under the influence of specific wartime factors or military labor. The features
      of wartime AH were determined. They included the following: AH incidence during
      war grows; AH incidence in the battlefront servicemen is higher than in those who
      serve on the home front; there is a direct correlation between AH prevalence and
      how often the person participates in the battles; the patients are relatively
      young. Acute AH forms usually debuted as a result of extremely strong of
      lingering stressful factors. Acute AH development was characteristic of subjects
      having family predisposition to hypertensive reactions. The clinical picture of
      acute AH had features of a hypertensive crisis, frequent complications of which
      were acute cardiac insufficiency and/or acute hypertensive encephalopathy, which
      required urgent medical aid. AH was resistant to pharmacotherapy. Further on,
      high AH level remained, crises occurred, and lesions of target organs progressed.
      The features of AH in military operators were characterized by medium, high, and
      very high risk of complications. II and III degrees of AH prevailed. The main
      risk factors in patients with workplace arterial hypertension (WAH), in addition
      to emotional tension, often were smoking, family background, hyperlipidemia,
      excessive body weight (metabolic syndrome). In 87% of patients with WPAH
      behavioral type A was revealed, mostly with medium or prominent elevation of the
      level of personal, reactive, and total anxiety. Persons with prognostically
      unfavorable 24-hour profiles of BP--non-dippers and night-peakers--prevailed (p <
      0.001). Imidazoline receptor agonists (moxonidine) in patients with WAH
      normalized BP level. Twenty-four-hour BP profiles became normal in 90% of the WAP
      patients. Positive antihypertensive effects of moxonidine in patients with WAP
      become clear after 12 weeks of drug application; the psychological status becomes
      normal too.

PMID- 18154172
TI  - [Low blood bilirubin level: possible diagnostic and prognostic importance].
AB  - The review deals with the problem of a possible physiological role of bilirubin
      as an endogenous anti-oxidant. The author considers low blood bilirubin level to
      be a risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD) as well as a phenomenon
      observed in seasonal depression, diseases accompanied by non-hemolytic anemia
      etc. Mean bilirubin level in blood in such cases is within a narrow interval,
      between 0 and 10 mcmol/l. Circulating bilirubin is considered to protect human
      tissues from peroxidation of organic compounds, lipids first of all. Mechanisms
      that give rise to this phenomenon are probably diverse and not well-studied yet.
      Processes of the formation of free oxygen and peroxide radicals are known to take
      place in numerous pathological conditions. Low bilirubin level in blood may prove
      to be a significant marker for the evaluation of the general anti-oxidant status
      of the human organism. This parameter may, alone or in combination with other
      factors, make it possible to distinguish individuals with a risk of CAD as well
      as to predict the appearance or peculiarities of certain diseases.

PMID- 18154173
TI  - [Irritable bowel syndrome: current state of the problem and perspectives].
AB  - The review presents generalized results of studied conducted by Russian and
      foreign researchers during the last years and dedicated to the problem of the
      etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and principles of
      treatment of patients with irritated bowel syndrome (IBS), based upon Roman
      criteria I to 111 (1994-2006); disputable issues of the nosology and terminology
      are discussed; the substantiation of the use of pharmaceuticals belonging to
      different groups for treatment of IBS is adduced.

PMID- 18154174
TI  - [Long-term consequences of external gamma-radiation according to the results of
      the observation of the personnel of the first atomic power plant in the country].
AB  - The authors present a brief review of the results of many-year research into the
      clinical effects, consequences, and outcomes of occupational external gamma
      radiation in a wide dose range. Chronic external gamma-radiation does not cause
      radiation-induced effects when it does not exceed the limit of the yearly dose
      for personnel. Tendency for cytopenia in peripheral blood (leukothrombocytopenia)
      appears when the maximum yearly dose is not less than 25 to 50. The conventional
      threshold for the development of chronic radiation disease is a maximum yearly
      dose of 0.73 Gy, and total (accumulated) dose of 1.43 Gy. Long-term consequences
      of exposure to high-dose radiation are incomplete recovery of the hemopoietic
      system (moderate general bone marrow hypoplasia or partial hypoplasia of
      granulocytopoiesis), compensated at the level of the organism, as well as a
      defect in the reestablishment of cell-mediated immunity in cases of high power of
      radiation (more than 2.5 Gy per year) and high accumulated dose (more than 4.5
      Gy). Consequences of acute radiation disease were radiation-induced cataracts (a
      dose of not less than 4 Gy), and incomplete reestablishment of hemopoietic system
      according to myelograms, in sole cases. The indicator of the fact that an
      exposure to radiation took place is an elevated frequency of stable chromosomal
      aberrations in immunocompetent cells--lymphocytes--even after 45 to 50 years
      after the contact was discontinued. Local dermal lesions, the range and severity
      of which depend on the degree of the lesion in the acute period, remain long
      after local radiation exposures.

PMID- 18154175
TI  - [Parameters of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, and cardiovascular remodeling
      in patients with primary arterial hypertension].
AB  - The aim of the investigation was to study correlations between 24-hour blood
      pressure (BP) values and structural and functional remodeling of the
      cardiovascular system in patients with primary arterial hypertension (AH), in men
      and women separately. The subjects of the study were 158 patients with primary AH
      aged 39 to 68 years, including 84 males and 74 females. Twenty-four hour BP
      monitoring, two-dimensional Doppler echo CG, and duplex scanning of the carotids
      were performed. Linear correlation was used for statistical analysis. The data
      evidence a correlation between average 24-hour BP (ABP), one the one hand, and
      ABP time index, interventricular septum thickness (IVST), posterior left
      ventricular wall thickness (PLVT), and carotid intima-media complex thickness
      (CIMTC), on the other, in women. There was a reverse correlation between pulse BP
      and ejection fraction (EF), and a direct one with parameters of heart and
      vascular remodeling, such as IVST, PLVT, LV myocardial mass (MM), LVMM index, and
      IMTC in women. In men, changes in such 24-hour BP parameters, as BP variability
      and the degree of nocturnal BP decrease, leads to earlier myocardial remodeling
      with a decrease in contractility vs. women.

PMID- 18154176
TI  - [The influence of intracardiac asynchronism on the clinical course of chronic
      cardiac insufficiency].
AB  - Intracardiac asynchronism presents systolic and/or diastolic dyscoordination in
      different myocardial areas within one and/or between different cardiac chambers.
      QRS complex widening is the marker of electric asynchronism. In 1/3 of patients
      with chronic cardiac insufficiency (CCI), the width of QRS complex is more than
      120 msec. sixty-five CCI patients (56 men aged 63.7 +/- 7.3 years and 9 women
      aged 66.8 +/- 8.2 years) were divided into two groups: the group with a wide QRS
      (more than 120 msec) and the group with a narrow QRS (less than 120 msec), 30 and
      35 patients, respectively. In the group with a wide QRS, 96.6% of patients
      suffered from clinically significant CCI (functional class III to IV); in the
      other group it was observed in 65.7% of patients. The patients were observed
      during three years. CCI dynamics was evaluated, quality of life was assessed
      using the Russian version of SF questionnaire, and three-year survival rate was
      assessed by Kaplan-Meyer method. The presence of electric asynchronism in a form
      of a wide QRS complex promotes CCI progression, accompanied by CCI functional
      class deterioration as well as clinical worsening and decreased physical exercise
      tolerance according to 6-min walking test. The frequency of seeking medical aid
      was significantly higher among patients with a wide QRS complex.

PMID- 18154177
TI  - [The condition of pulmonary protective functions in patients with pneumonia
      accompanied by chronic viral hepatitis B].
AB  - Two groups of patients with pneumonia were observed: the main group consisted of
      patients with pneumonia accompanied by chronic viral hepatitis B (CVHB), and the
      control group contained patients without CVHB. Main group patients displayed
      higher activity of lysosomal and redox enzymes, as well as imbalance in the
      proteinase-inhibitory system and bronchial lavage phospholipid spectrum.
      Concomitant CVHB impaired the protective function of the lungs and thus delayed
      the resolution of pneumonia.

PMID- 18154178
TI  - [Melatonin production in thrombocytes and their functional activity in patients
      with aspirin asthma].
AB  - The aim of the investigation was to study melatonin production in thrombocytes
      and their functional activity in correlation with 6-sulfatoximelatonin (6-SOM)
      urinary excretion in patients with aspirin-induced bronchial asthma (AIBA). Forty
      three patients with bronchial asthma (BA) were examined. The main group consisted
      of 26 AIBA patients; the comparison group consisted of 17 BA patients with no
      intolerance to aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; 30
      practically healthy individuals constituted the control group. The study found no
      melatonin production in thrombocytes of AIBA patients: only 13.0 +/- 1.3% of
      platelets expressed melatonin, while in healthy people 97.7 +/- 0.6% of the cells
      did. Besides, daytime urinary excretion of 6-SOM, the main melatonin metabolite,
      was lower in AIBA patients. Lower daytime and higher nighttime melatonin
      production in AIBA patients correlated with the acceleration of the 1st phase and
      increased intensity of thrombocyte aggregation, which evidences high thrombocyte
      reactivity to the inducing agent. The presence of a pathologic reaction of
      thrombocytes to exogenous melatonin, manifesting by changes in the 1st stage of
      aggregation, suggests the presence of pathology in thrombocyte membrane-receptor
      complex and the calcium homeostasis of the cell, which determines constant
      activation and the participation of thrombocytes in the development of asthmatic
      syndrome.

PMID- 18154179
TI  - [The state of the intestinal microflora of patients with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease and obesity].
AB  - The aim of the study was to reveal the epidemiological features of disturbances
      in the intestinal microflora of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease suffering from excessive body weight (BW) or obesity. One hundred and
      fourteen COPD patients were examined. The diagnosis and the degree of severity
      were established according to GOLD program (2003) criteria. The COPD patients
      were distributed into three groups according to body mass index (BMI) (WHO
      classification, 1997): group I consisted of 36 patients with normal BW (a BMI of
      19 to 25 kg/m2); group 2 consisted of 30 patients with excessive BW (a BMI of 25
      to 29.9 kg/m2; 48 obese patients (a BMI of more than 30 kg/m2) constituted group
      3. Changes in the intestinal microbiocenosis were found in most of the COPD
      patients; stages I and II of microbiological disturbances prevailed. Obesity, in
      addition to the severity of the degree and its phase, was a risk factor,
      determining the character and degree of disturbances in the intestinal
      microflora. The severity of dysbiotic intestinal changes was proportional to the
      degree of obesity.

PMID- 18154180
TI  - [Chronic venous insufficiency. Pathogenesis and modern diagnostic possibilities].
AB  - Ultrasound angioscanning is one of modern highly effective diagnostic techniques
      in trophic lesion stage of varicose disease. This technique allows for reliable
      determination of the levels and character of pathological venous refluxes, having
      significant impact on the course of the disease and leading to chronic venous
      insufficiency (CVI). The authors revealed the leading role of profound venous
      valvular insufficiency in the progress of CVI, stressing the necessity for its
      correction. They point out to the causes of low horizontal venous-venous refluxes
      and valvular insufficiency of gastrocnemius muscle-venous sinuses leading to
      isolated insufficiency in the distal segments of posterior tibial veins, which
      intensifies CVI progress at the account of disturbances in the functioning of
      tibial muscular-venous pump.

PMID- 18154181
TI  - [Specifics of apoptotic activity and expression of regulatory molecules (Ki-67,
      Bcl-2) of gastric mucosal epitheliocytes, in the process of Correa's cascade].
AB  - The subjects of the study were 104 patients with Helicobacter pylori (HP)
      associated gastric pathology, including 30 patients with gastric ulcer (GU), 30
      patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), 20 patients with CAG plus
      adenomatous polyps (AP), and 24 patients with gastric cancer (GC). All the
      subjects were examined dynamically; the comparison group consisted of 12
      practically healthy people. The study revealed that GU, CAG, AP, and GC were
      consequent stages of gastric mucosal epithelial cell regeneration disorder which
      manifested by the fact that the apoptotic activity of these cells was lower than
      their proliferation rate, and this difference grew with time; the reflection of
      this was the growth of Ki-67 and Bcl-2 expression. HP eradication improved the
      process of cell regeneration. Epithelial cell apoptosis/proliferation ratio
      tended to normalize, which suggests that the processes of mucosal atrophy and
      metaplasia, and initial signs of gastric mucosal dysplasia in patients with HP
      associated pathology may be reversible.

PMID- 18154182
TI  - [Clinical significance of the functional and structural changes in the intestines
      in chronic cholecystitis].
AB  - The aim of the study was to determine the clinical significance of intestinal
      functional and structural alterations in biliary pathology. Clinical, endoscopic,
      morphological, and morphometric methods were used. The subjects of the study were
      62 patients with functional gall bladder disorder, 90 patients with chronic
      calculous cholecystitis, and 90 patients who had undergone cholecystectomy for
      cholelithiasis. The study found that biliary lithogenesis was associated with
      intestinal dysbiosis, changes in the qualitative density of erythrocytes
      immunopositive to motilin and substance P, and inflammatory changes in the
      intestines. After cholecystectomy, changes in intestinal microecology progressed,
      inflammatory and atrophic changes in the intestinal mucosa appeared or deepened,
      the qualitative density of erythrocytes immunopositive to motilin and substance P
      decreased, and colon polyps appeared more frequently.

PMID- 18154183
TI  - [Improvement of extracorporeal shockwave cholelithotripsy in the comprehensive
      treatment of cholelithiasis].
AB  - The method of shockwave distant lithotripsy (DL) has been used since 1985.
      However, many facets of this problem have not been solved yet, because large
      fragments of the stone remain after its destruction, and focused shock waves
      (FSW) damage the gallbladder (GB). The aim of this study was to determine
      possibilities of effective distant destruction of gall stones, to reveal negative
      consequences of the effects of FSW on the gallbladder (GB) and the surrounding
      tissues, as well as development and perfection of DL technique. The established
      parameters of FSW were used to develop the new Lithotriptor Compact. By now, 53
      patients with cholelithiasis aged 18 to 55 have been treated by DC. The procedure
      was performed without general anesthesia. A thousand to 3500 shockwave impulses
      were applied to each stone. All patients had received litholytic therapy and
      treatment directed towards metabolic normalization, the functional state of the
      GB, and prevention of recurrent stone formation, prior to DL. In total, 116 DL
      sessions (2.2 sessions per a patient) were performed. A positive effect as a
      result of the complex treatment of cholelithiasis using DL method was achieved in
      47 (88.7%) of the patients. There were no complications. In 3 patients (5.7%)
      recurrence of gallstones was found two years after DL sessions. Correctly
      selected parameters of FSW and DL technology allow for effective destruction of
      GB stones, while conservative therapy favors their passage through the biliary
      tract and fast litholysis of remaining stone fragments.

PMID- 18154184
TI  - [The character and structure of infectious complications in patients with chronic
      renal failure, who received or did not receive replacement therapy
      (hemodialysis)].
AB  - The subjects of the study were 176 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) (101
      men; 75 women) aged 17 to 81. Stage I CRF was found in 46 patients, stage II CRF-
      in 69 patients, and stage III CRF--in 61 patients. Thirty-one patients with stage
      III CRF received program hemodialysis. Chronic glomerulonephritis was the main
      cause of CRF. With the progress of CRF, the frequency of infectious complications
      grew up to 2.2% in stage I, 7.2% in stage II, and 36.1% in stage III. The rate of
      infectious complications was higher in patients on program dialysis vs. patients
      without it: 51.6 and 20%, respectively. Pneumonia was the most frequent
      complication regardless CRF stage.

PMID- 18154185
TI  - [The evaluation of cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women with osteopenia].
AB  - The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of the most important
      cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women in correlation with bone
      mineral density (BMD). A hundred and fifty postmenopausal women were included in
      a case control study. The subjects were distributed into three equal groups:
      normal bone mass; osteopenia; non-complicated osteoporosis. BMD was measured with
      lumbar double-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cardiovascular risk factors were
      assessed. The level of triglycerides was significantly higher in patients with
      osteoporosis vs. subjects with normal BMD. Arterial hypertension and a 10-year
      fatal risk of more than 0% were significantly more prevalent in the group with
      normal BMD. Osteoporosis presents an independent cardiovascular risk factor.
      Postmenopausal women with decreased BMD should be considered to have a higher
      risk of cardiovascular events, because standard risk scales do not take BMD into
      account.

PMID- 18154186
TI  - [The evaluation of the gastroprotective effect of sucralfate in Helicobacter
      pylori-associated gastric ulcer].
AB  - The purpose of the investigation was to study the effects of sucralfate on the
      biochemical composition as well as the anti-radicals and antioxidative activity
      (ARA; AOA) of the gastric supra-epithelial mucosal layer (GSEML) in patients with
      Helicobacter pylori (HP)-associated gastric ulcer (GU). A hundred patients
      suffering from HP-associated GU were examined. The biochemical composition as
      well as the ARA and AOA of the GSEML were studied before and after eradication
      therapy as well as after additional administration of sucralfate. Biochemical and
      chemoluminescence techniques were used. All the patients with HP-associated GU
      displayed significant changes in all the mentioned parameters vs. healthy
      persons, which consisted in the secretion of premature glycoproteins and elevated
      ARA and AOA of the native gastric mucus. Effective antisecretory and eradication
      therapy by triple regimen recommended by Maastricht consensus-2 (2000), with
      ulcerous defect scarring, did not normalize the biochemical composition of the
      GSEML. Additional administration of sucralfate led to positive changes in ARA and
      AOA, as well as the biochemical composition of the GSEML.

PMID- 18154187
TI  - [The effectiveness of antibiotics in typical and atypical pneumonias depending on
      combination with glucocorticosteroids].
AB  - Sixty-seven cases of prolonged pneumonia were analyzed. The study found that in
      cases with a typical onset the efficacy of antibiotics with predominantly
      bactericidal activity was much higher when they were administered in combination
      with glucocorticosteroids (GCS); bacteriostatic preparations were not used in
      such cases. In prolonged pneumonia with an atypical onset the efficacy of mainly
      bacteriostatic antibiotics was significantly higher than that of bactericidal
      ones, but the efficacy of both did not increase when they were combined with GCS.
      The use of GCS in addition to antibiotics shortens the time to pneumonia
      resolution in cases with both typical and atypical onset, regardless the
      character of antibacterial therapy.

PMID- 18154188
TI  - [A case of primary hyperparathyroidism in clinical practice].
AB  - The article presents a classic case of primary hyperparathyroidism with a variety
      of clinical "masks" and diagnoses.

PMID- 18154189
TI  - Metabolic consequences of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.
AB  - Insulin is a pleiotropic hormone that exerts a multitude of effects on metabolism
      and various cellular processes in the body. The main metabolic actions of insulin
      are to stimulate glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and the heart and to suppress
      the production of glucose and very-low-density lipoprotein in the liver. Other
      metabolic effects of insulin include inhibition of glucose release from the
      liver, inhibition of the release of free fatty acids (FFAs) from adipose tissue,
      and stimulation of the process by which amino acids are incorporated into
      protein. Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition in which defects in the action of
      insulin are such that normal levels of insulin do not trigger the signal for
      glucose absorption. An excess of FFAs is implicated in the pathogenesis of IR.
      The effects of this condition can have profound pathophysiologic effects on
      various organs and tissues of the body. For example, IR is associated with
      impaired insulin signaling, impaired fibrinolysis, and inflammation. The clinical
      consequences include hyperglycemia-induced tissue damage, hypertension,
      dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Pharmacotherapies
      that target IR include metformin and the thiazolidinediones. Endocannabinoid
      antagonists, agents that target obesity and associated cardiovascular and
      metabolic risk factors, are currently being developed.

PMID- 18154190
TI  - Identification and classification of nonconformities in molded and tubular glass
      containers for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Technical report No. S-3 2007.

PMID- 18154191
TI  - AOA's position against use of placebos for pain management in end-of-life care.
AB  - A number of organizations have advised against the use of placebo substitution,
      including the American Pain Society, Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research,
      World Health Organization, Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program, Joint
      Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, Education for Physicians
      on End-of-Life Care Project (cosponsored by the American Medical Association and
      The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation), American Nursing Association, and the
      American Society of Pain Management Nurses. This white paper describes the
      literature and rationale in support of the American Osteopathic Association's
      (AOA's) position on the controversial subject of the use of placebos for pain
      management in terminally ill patients.

PMID- 18154192
TI  - Pain management in end-of-life care.
AB  - Pain management in end-of-life care presents a unique set of opportunities for
      patients and physicians. Physicians will encounter patients at the end of life
      regardless of type of specialty practice. Symptom relief is the concern of all
      physicians. Knowledge of "total pain" concepts along with basic end-of-life pain
      management offers much to patients and their families. Osteopathic principles and
      treatment philosophy complement quality pain management in end-of-life care.
      Physicians providing supportive care can assist patients and their families with
      comfort at the end of life. Good pain management at the end of life enhances the
      patient-physician relationship.

PMID- 18154193
TI  - Management of pain in older adults.
AB  - The elderly are often untreated or undertreated for pain. Barriers to effective
      management include challenges to proper assessment of pain; underreporting on the
      part of patients; atypical manifestations of pain in the elderly; a need for
      increased appreciation of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes of
      aging; and misconceptions about tolerance and addiction to opioids. Physicians
      can effectively manage pain in the elderly by understanding different types of
      pain (nociceptive and neuropathic), and appropriate use of nonopioid, opioid, and
      adjuvant medications. Opioids have become more widely accepted for treating older
      adults who have persistent pain, but their use requires physicians have an
      understanding of prevention and management of side effects, opioid titration and
      withdrawal, and careful monitoring. Placebo use is unwarranted and unethical.
      Nonpharmacologic approaches to pain management are essential and include
      osteopathic manipulative treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy, exercise, and
      spiritual interventions. The holistic and interdisciplinary approach of
      osteopathic medicine offers an approach that can optimize effective pain
      management in older adults.

PMID- 18154194
TI  - Prescribing methadone for pain management in end-of-life care.
AB  - Methadone hydrochloride is an effective, inexpensive, and relatively safe opioid
      to use in the treatment of patients with chronic pain. It is especially effective
      in management of pain during the final stages of life, as it is the only long
      acting analgesic available in liquid form. However, because methadone has a long
      half-life, individual wide variations, and potential for accumulation and
      overdosage, physicians must judiciously and conscientiously prescribe it. Also,
      they should closely monitor patients during the titration phase and educate them
      with regard to basic pharmacologic properties and potential side effects. A plan
      to start at low doses and proceed slowly is applicable to methadone.

PMID- 18154195
TI  - Partnering with hospice to improve pain management in the nursing home setting.
AB  - People are living longer but are dying with more disabilities, often in nursing
      homes. Identification of those who are dying needs to be quicker to allow
      discussion of goals of care and to meet their individual needs at a higher level.
      Pain is pervasive and undertreated in general, but institutionalized individuals
      are even at greater risk of receiving inadequate analgesia. Competing goals of
      providing good-quality palliative care while meeting federal and state
      expectations of improving or maintaining function can create dilemmas for those
      caring for terminally ill patients in nursing homes. Physicians play a critical
      role in improving communication between the family and the healthcare team during
      the transition from rehabilitative to palliative care. Hospice can be a valuable
      partner in the delivery of excellent pain and symptom management in end-of-life
      care.

PMID- 18154196
TI  - Prostate cancer.

PMID- 18154197
TI  - Overview of prostate cancer in indigenous black Africans and blacks of African
      ancestry in diaspora 1935-2007.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To carry out an overview of prostate cancer in indigenous back
      Africans in sub-Saharan Africa and blacks of African ancestry in diaspora. DATA
      SOURCE: Review of all published literature on prostate cancer on indigenous black
      Africans and Africans in diaspora was carried out through medline and index
      medicus searches. DATA SELECTION: Published data of prostate cancer in indigenous
      black Africans and black men in diaspora from 1935-2007 were included in the
      review. DATA EXTRACTION: Abstracts of articles identified were assessed, read and
      analysed to determine their possible suitability and relevance to the title under
      review. DATA SYNTHESIS: After establishing relevance from the abstract, the
      entire paper was read, and the significant points included in the review.
      CONCLUSION: Prostate cancer incidence and magnitude in black Africans was grossly
      misunderstood and underestimated in the past. Prostate cancer incidence is on the
      increase and currently is perhaps the most common urological malignancy affecting
      black Africans. Its incidence and clinical characteristics is similar to that of
      the Africans in diaspora but different from all other races. There currently
      exists significant evidence which suggests a common enhancing genetic
      predisposition in black men to prostate cancer. There is very urgent need for
      further investigation of this phenomenon through randomised controlled
      multicentre studies involving indigenous black Africans and black men in
      diaspora.

PMID- 18154198
TI  - Open simple prostatectomy and blood transfusion in Nairobi.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Open simple prostatectomy has long been associated with large blood
      losses; hence allogeneic blood transfusion in this procedure is a standard
      practice world over. A review of literature suggests significant association
      between perioperative blood loss accompanying open simple prostatectomy and
      certain patient factors. The shortage of blood and blood products in our blood
      transfusion centres as well as the alarming risks of transfusion reactions and
      disease dissemination demanded a review of these factors with the aim of reducing
      morbidity associated with peri-operative blood loss and blood transfusion.
      OBJECTIVES: To assess blood loss, determine blood transfusion rate, and define
      some of the factors associated with peri-operative blood loss and blood
      transfusion in open simple prostatectomy. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study.
      SETTINGS: The urology units of Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya. RESULTS: Ninety
      five patients who underwent open simple prostatectomy for benign prostatic
      hyperplasia were enrolled into the study. Their median age was 70 years (Range 50
      to 97). The mean decrease in haemoglobin concentration, which was the main
      indicator of peri-operative blood loss, was 2.1 g/dl (+/- 1.4). The peri
      operative blood transfusion rate was 36.8 %. Twenty four (68.6%) of the patients
      who received either one or two units of blood had a pre-operative haemoglobin
      level above 13.5g/ dl and a post-operative haemoglobin level above 11.5 g/dl,
      while 11 (31.4%) had severe peri-operative bleeding, that necessitated immediate
      surgical re-intervention. A total of 68 units of blood was transfused, 42 (61.8%)
      allogeneic and 26 (38.2%) autollogous blood. The post-operative median
      hospitalisation time was eight days (Range 4 to 35). There were two (2.1%) post
      operative deaths and both patients had intractable intra- and post-operative
      bleeding, massive blood transfusion and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.
      The factors that were significantly associated with peri-operative blood loss and
      blood transfusion in open simple prostatectomy were patient's aged above 70
      years, pre-operative use of acetylsalicylate or warfarin sodium, pre-operative
      systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg, general anaesthesia, Freyer's
      (transvesical) technique and the weight of resected prostatic tissue above 70
      grams. CONCLUSION: Open simple prostatectomy performed under spinal anaesthesia
      using Millin's (retropubic) technique is associated with minimal blood loss. The
      perioperative blood transfusion rate was 36.8%.

PMID- 18154199
TI  - The management of early prostate cancer: a review.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To carry out a review of the management of early (clinically
      localised) prostate cancer. DATA SOURCE: Review of all published literature on
      the management of early prostate cancer was carried out through medline and index
      medicus searches. DATA SELECTION: Published data of the management of early
      prostate cancer over the last three decades were included in the review. DATA
      EXTRACTION: Abstracts of articles identified were assessed, read and analysed to
      determine their relevance to the title under review. DATA SYNTHESIS: After
      establishing relevance from the abstract, the entire paper was read, and the
      significant points included in the review. CONCLUSION: Greater number of men are
      currently being diagnosed with early prostate cancer. This is due to widespread
      use of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) screening available worldwide. Radical
      treatment including radical prostatectomy and radical radiation therapy have
      proven curative value for a significant number of men with localised disease.
      Survival outcomes indicate that radical prostatectomy offers more reliable cure
      than radiation therapy for clinically localised disease. Immediate treatment
      related morbidity of radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy is currently
      quite low. Both treatment methods have similar impact on erectile function and
      continence. Rectal complications are however unique to radiation therapy.
      Surgical and radiation therapy delivery techniques should be further improved to
      reduce treatment related morbidity and quality of life outcomes.

PMID- 18154200
TI  - Descriptive case series of patients presenting with cancer of the prostate and
      their management at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study clinical prostate cancer in this locality with particular
      interest in incidence, clinical presentation and treatment. DESIGN: A descriptive
      prospective study. SETTING: Kenyatta National Referral and Teaching Hospital
      affiliated to College of Health Sciences of the University of Nairobi between
      November 1998 and October 1999. PATIENTS: Sixty five patients with clinical
      prostate cancer were included in the study. RESULTS: Age was reliably confirmed
      in 64 out of the 65 patients. 87.5% of the patients were aged over 61 years with
      a peak incidence in the 66-70 year age group and a mean age of 67 years. Crude
      hospital incidence of 76.5 patients per 100,000 patients and a crude hospital
      death rate of 5.8 patients per 100,000 patients is reported. The majority of
      patients (87.5%) presented late with advanced disease stages III(C) and IV(D)
      prostate cancer. CONCLUSION: The crude hospital incidence of cancer of the
      prostate is on the increase in this locality with a finding of 76.5 per hundred
      thousand patients, higher than that reported by earlier researchers in this
      locality and elsewhere. This study suggests that prostate cancer incidence and
      the magnitude of risk in our locality must have been grossly underestimated in
      the past. The prostate cancer rate in Kenyans may be as great as noted in black
      men in the United States, Jamaica, Nigeria and Cameroon which may suggest some
      common enhancing genetic predisposition. There is need to further investigate
      this phenomenon. Cancer of the prostate in this locality presents late with
      clinically advanced disease.

PMID- 18154201
TI  - An update on the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To obtain an update of the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. DATA
      SOURCE: Review of all published literature on advanced prostate cancer was
      carried out through medline and index medicus search. DATA SELECTION: Published
      data on advanced prostate cancer from June 2005 to June 2007 was included in the
      review. DATA EXTRACTION: Abstracts of articles identified were assessed, read and
      analysed to determine relevance to the title under review. DATA SYNTHESIS: After
      establishing relevance from the abstract, the entire paper was read, and
      significant points included in the review. CONCLUSION: The mainstay of treatment
      of advanced prostate cancer remains hormone withdrawal. The introduction of
      docetaxel based chemotherapy has caused a paradigm shift.

PMID- 18154202
TI  - Early postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing prostatectomy for benign
      prostatic hyperplasia at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe early postoperative complications of prostatectomy.
      DESIGN: A descriptive prospective study. SETTING: Kenyatta National Hospital
      between 6th October 2003 and 21st June 2004. SUBJECTS: Eighty five men undergoing
      prostatectomy for the relief of lower urinary tract obstruction due to benign
      prostatic hyperplasia. Procedures included suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy,
      retropubic prostatectomy and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). MAIN
      OUTCOME MEASURES: Co-morbidity, intra-operative and early postoperative
      complications, need for re-operation, 30-day mortality, duration of postoperative
      catheterisation, and duration of postoperative hospital stay. RESULTS: Eighty
      five patients were included in the study and their age range was 46-85 years
      (mean 66 years). Sixty nine (81%) of the patients underwent open prostatectomy,
      and sixteen (19%) underwent TURP. Twenty six patients had co-existing medical
      conditions, the most common being hypertension (29%) and diabetes mellitus (13%).
      The most common intra-operative complication during prostatectomy was haemorrhage
      which occurred in ten patients (11.8%). One patient had perforation of the
      bladder during transurethral resection and required a laparotomy to repair the
      bladder. Wound sepsis was the most common postoperative complication following
      open prostatectomy (35%, n = 69), and an association was found between wound
      sepsis and diabetes mellitus. Complications common to both open prostatectomy and
      TURP were urinary tract infection (15%), clot retention (10%), pyrexia (10%) and
      pneumonia (8.2%). Three patients (4.4 %) required re-operation due to
      complications related to wound sepsis. The duration of postoperative
      catheterisation ranged from 1-14 days (mean 6.66 days) while postoperative
      hospital stay ranged from 3-24 days (mean 8.16 days). There was no postoperative
      mortality at 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Open prostatectomy is the most performed
      procedure for the relief of lower urinary tract obstruction due to benign
      prostatic hyperplasia at Kenyatta National Hospital. Wound sepsis is the
      commonest early postoperative complication and the presence of diabetes mellitus
      significantly increases the risk of development of wound sepsis.

PMID- 18154203
TI  - Cancer vaccines: a new frontier in prevention and treatment.
AB  - Vaccines have been exceptionally effective against diseases such as smallpox,
      measles, chickenpox, and polio. They are among the safest and most cost-effective
      agents for disease prevention. In recent years, vaccination has been considered
      for other diseases, including AIDS and cancer. Cancer vaccines can be categorized
      as preventive or therapeutic. Preventive vaccines, which are commercially
      available for cervical cancer and liver cancer, block infection with the
      causative agents of human papillomavirus and hepatitis B virus, respectively. The
      benefit of cancer treatment vaccines lies in their ability to "boost" the immune
      system response to cancer cells, which is generally low. Using vaccines in the
      treatment of cancer is relatively new, however, and chiefly experimental.
      Therapeutic vaccines for breast, lung, colon, skin, renal, prostate, and other
      cancers are now being investigated in clinical trials. Oncology nurses may play a
      significant role in reducing barriers to uptake of preventive vaccines among the
      general public and in increasing patients' acceptance of therapeutic cancer
      vaccines.

PMID- 18154204
TI  - Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: high-risk management.

PMID- 18154205
TI  - Psychiatry consultation in a patient with early breast cancer.

PMID- 18154206
TI  - Secondary breast cancer in a woman treated for Hodgkin lymphoma as a child.

PMID- 18154207
TI  - Understanding and treating cancer-related fatigue.
AB  - Fatigue is the most common side effect of cancer and its treatment, and it
      frequently goes unrecognized and untreated. While the exact etiology of fatigue
      is unclear, numerous contributing factors that worsen fatigue can be clinically
      addressed. Substantial research supports physical exercise as an intervention for
      fatigue.

PMID- 18154208
TI  - Erythropoietin-stimulating agents: new data yield new insights.

PMID- 18154209
TI  - Histone deacetylase inhibitors.

PMID- 18154210
TI  - What you need to know about fever and neutropenia.

PMID- 18154211
TI  - Myelodysplastic syndromes: diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical
      management.
AB  - Innovations in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment of the
      myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have provided several new therapeutic options and
      renewed hope for patients with the disease. Optimal treatment requires careful
      evaluation of each patient using newly established criteria. Identifying the
      common symptoms in the MDS patient, integrating new therapies with novel
      mechanisms of anti-tumor activity and unique toxicity profiles, and developing
      tools to assist patients receiving these treatments have created unique
      challenges for the oncology nurse. Many of the emerging therapies have shown
      promise in tumor response and may be administered over extended periods of time.
      Most allow patients to be treated in an outpatient setting. This article will
      explore the diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical management of patients
      with MDS.

PMID- 18154212
TI  - Clinical presentation and pathophysiology of EGFRI dermatologic toxicities.
AB  - This review summarizes the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of the
      cutaneous toxicities associated with EGFR inhibition. Such effects include
      papulopustular reactions, xerosis, pruritus, fissures, nail changes, hair
      changes, telangiectasias, hyperpigmentation, and mucositis. Most management
      strategies for these toxicities have been based on anecdotal experience; clinical
      trials are needed to provide uniform characterization to allow for evidence-based
      treatment strategies.

PMID- 18154213
TI  - Clinical research of EGFR inhibitors and related dermatologic toxicities.
AB  - An acneiform-like skin toxicity is commonly observed in patients with solid
      tumors treated with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs). This
      symptomatic rash is related to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition
      in the skin. A positive relation between the presence and severity of treatment
      related rash and survival has been consistently observed with all EGFRIs approved
      for clinical use. These findings suggest that rash may be a useful surrogate
      marker of successful EGFR inhibition and clinical benefit and therefore of
      possible use in identifying patients most likely to benefit from therapy, as well
      as to guide dose adjustments. Increasing drug dose until skin toxicity appears is
      being studied. Further studies are needed to thoroughly evaluate the value of
      skin toxicity as a surrogate marker for clinical benefit. Current treatments of
      the skin toxicity are empirical and oriented toward mitigating symptoms and not
      validated by well-controlled clinical trials. Rational treatments based on the
      biological mechanisms of the skin toxicity must be developed and tested in well
      controlled clinical trials.

PMID- 18154214
TI  - Clinical management of EGFRI dermatologic toxicities: US perspective.
AB  - Management of dermatologic toxicities from epidermal growth-factor receptor
      inhibitors (EGFRIs) is best tailored to the type of skin lesions present, extent
      of body surface involvement, and anatomic location affected. Although few
      randomized trials have been undertaken to address treatment of skin, hair, or
      nail side effects to this class of drugs, some basic principles of therapy based
      on experience of referral centers can help mitigate these toxicities and ensure
      consistent EGFRI administration and maintenance of patient quality of life.
      Patient education as to the expected EGFRI side effects and early physician
      intervention when these side effects appear can improve outcomes. Two
      dermatologists who treat high numbers of patients affected by these EGFRI-induced
      cutaneous side effects submit their recommendations for management.

PMID- 18154215
TI  - Clinical management of EGFRI dermatologic toxicities: the nursing perspective.
AB  - All nursing personnel actively participate in the nursing process, with the
      registered nurse taking primary responsibility. Five steps in the nursing process
      include assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Health
      care professionals have more than 10 years of experience with EGFR inhibitors in
      the oncology setting. To date, the application of the nursing process to assist
      in patient management has not been previously published or thoroughly described
      in the literature. This article will apply the nursing process utilizing current
      recommendations regarding the assessment and management of dermatologic
      toxicities associated with EGFR inhibitors.

PMID- 18154216
TI  - Clinical management of EGFRI-associated dermatologic toxicities: pharmacy
      perspective.
AB  - This article describes agents used to treat the dermatologic toxicities commonly
      seen during therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Therapeutic
      options include topical emollients, antibiotics, corticosteroids, and other
      agents for supportive care. While medical approaches to these adverse reactions
      are still in a "learning phase," continued experience will provide further
      insight into effective management strategies.

PMID- 18154217
TI  - Dermatologic toxicities associated with EGFR inhibitors: the clinical
      psychologist's perspective. Impact on health-related quality of life and
      implications for clinical management of psychological sequelae.
AB  - Dermatologic toxicities associated with EGFR inhibitors can have a profound
      impact on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQL) and may interfere with
      treatment adherence. We interviewed 20 patients and 12 expert clinicians to
      identify the most bothersome aspects of dermatologic toxicities to better
      understand the impact on patients' HRQL Patients and expert clinicians reported
      that dermatologic toxicities have an impact on patients' physical, functional,
      emotional, and social well-being. Patients identified the physical discomfort as
      having the most impact on their HRQL, specifically the sensations of pain,
      burning, and skin sensitivity. Patients experienced worry, frustration, and
      depression because of their dermatologic symptoms and reported withdrawing from
      social activities. Cognitive behavioral strategies such as guided imagery and
      symptom reframing (eg, rash means treatment is working) may provide patients with
      valuable skills for the management of this physical discomfort. Cognitive
      behavioral strategies may also be useful in helping patients manage anxiety and
      depression associated with any changes in their social function caused by skin
      rash, as well as distress associated with having a cancer diagnosis.

PMID- 18154218
TI  - Relevance of the COBRA trial in current psoriasis practice.
AB  - The goal of psoriasis therapy is shifting from an emphasis on the short-term
      management of severe outbreaks to the maintenance of continuous long-term
      control. Topical corticosteroids play an important role in all of the therapeutic
      strategies used. The Clobex Spray Community-Based Research Assessment (COBRA)
      trial involved 455 community dermatologists throughout the United States who
      participated in a multicenter, 4-week, open-label, observational, community-based
      trial of twice-daily clobetasol propionate spray 0.05% as monotherapy or as an
      addition to a treatment regimen present at the time of study entry.
      Dermatologists were allowed to select study participants based on their own
      professional judgment, which resulted in the largest number of study participants
      ever enrolled in a psoriasis community-based trial, with 2488 subjects enrolled
      from 455 investigational sites. Of the total population, 1254 subjects with
      moderate to severe plaque psoriasis treated with clobetasol propionate spray
      0.05% twice daily as monotherapy and 731 subjects treated with clobetasol
      propionate spray 0.05% twice daily in addition to an existing regimen were
      evaluated for efficacy with at least one follow-up visit. Data from this trial
      suggest that superpotent topical corticosteroids are appropriate for use as
      monotherapy and when added to existing therapeutic regimens. The effectiveness
      and tolerability results from this study suggest that clobetasol propionate spray
      0.05% is a potent, well-tolerated, and versatile topical therapy for moderate to
      severe plaque psoriasis that may be used in a diverse range of settings to help
      dermatologists optimize response to therapy.

PMID- 18154219
TI  - Topical monotherapy with clobetasol propionate spray 0.05% in the COBRA trial.
AB  - The Clobex Spray Community-Based Research Assessment (COBRA) trial, a large, 4
      week, open-label, observational trial, evaluated the use of twice-daily
      clobetasol propionate spray 0.05% in subjects with moderate to severe plaque
      psoriasis affecting 3% to 20% body surface area (BSA). The study was designed to
      augment existing phase 3 clinical trial data. In this trial, 1254 subjects in the
      effectiveness-evaluable (EE) population were treated with clobetasol propionate
      spray 0.05% as monotherapy. Clinical effectiveness was evaluated at weeks 2 and 4
      using a 6-point target plaque severity (TPS) scale and 7-point investigators'
      global assessment of improvement (GAI) scale. Psoriasis TPS at week 0 (baseline)
      was rated as moderate to severe in more than 90% of subjects. After 2 weeks of
      clobetasol propionate spray 0.05% monotherapy, statistically significant
      improvement in TPS was seen at weeks 2 and 4 (P < .001). In addition,
      statistically significant improvement was seen at week 4 versus week 2 (P < .001)
      using the GAI scale. Clobetasol propionate spray 0.05% monotherapy was well
      tolerated as assessed by erythema, peeling/scaling, dryness, stinging/burning,
      telangiectasia, skin atrophy, pruritus, and folliculitis. Skin and subcutaneous
      tissue disorders as well as general disorders and application-site conditions
      defined as possibly or probably related to therapy occurred in 1.0% and less than
      1.0% of subjects, respectively. In addition, more than 90% of subjects were
      reported by investigators as being very satisfied or somewhat satisfied with
      their treatment at week 4. Based on these data, clobetasol propionate spray 0.05%
      is an effective and convenient topical monotherapy for moderate to severe plaque
      psoriasis.

PMID- 18154220
TI  - Effectiveness of clobetasol propionate spray 0.05% added to other stable
      treatments: add-on therapy in the COBRA trial.
AB  - Controlled clinical trials provide important information about medications.
      However, although controlled clinical trials typically assess the use of a
      medication by itself or in a single combination, combinations and adjunctive use
      of multiple medications frequently are used in the care of patients with
      psoriasis. The Clobex Spray Community-Based Research Assessment (COBRA) trial, a
      large, 4-week, open-label, observational, community-based trial, assessed the use
      of twice-daily clobetasol propionate spray 0.05% as an add-on therapy to an
      existing therapeutic regimen in subjects (n = 731) with moderate to severe plaque
      psoriasis affecting 3% to 20% body surface area (BSA). The key outcome measures
      were the change in target plaque severity (TPS) and investigators' global
      assessment of improvement (GAI) at week 4. Tolerability, quality of life (QOL),
      and subject satisfaction also were assessed. After 4 weeks of treatment, 80.0% of
      subjects in the add-on therapy group were clear or almost clear, according to the
      TPS scale, or had an improvement in severity from baseline by 2 grades (P <
      .001); 62.0% of subjects were completely cleared or almost completely cleared at
      week 4 according to the GAI scale (P < .001). Tolerability ratings of severe for
      erythema, peeling/ scaling, dryness, and stinging/burning occurred in less than
      1.0% of subjects at week 4, and a rating of moderate occurred in only 1.6% to
      4.1% of subjects. In addition, 94.0% of subjects in the add-on therapy group were
      reported as being very satisfied or somewhat satisfied with their therapy at week
      4. Clobetasol propionate spray 0.05% was highly effective and well-tolerated as
      part of a wide range of therapeutic strategies.

PMID- 18154221
TI  - The evolving role of topical treatments in adjunctive therapy for moderate to
      severe plaque psoriasis.
AB  - The Clobex Spray Community-Based Research Assessment (COBRA) trial was a 4-week,
      open-label, observational, community-based trial that evaluated the use of twice
      daily clobetasol propionate spray 0.05% either as monotherapy (n = 1254,
      effectiveness-evaluable [EE] population) or therapy added on to an existing
      regimen (n = 731, EE population) in subjects with moderate to severe plaque
      psoriasis. The key outcome measures were the change in target plaque severity
      (TPS) rating between weeks 0 (baseline) and 4 and the investigators' global
      assessment of improvement (GAI) rating at 4 weeks. This article focuses on
      clobetasol spray 0.05% when it is added to the 5 most commonly used treatment
      regimens in the COBRA trial add-on therapy group. Among the group of subjects
      receiving clobetasol propionate spray 0.05% as add-on therapy, the most common
      ongoing treatment was a biologic agent. The other more common ongoing treatments
      were topical calcipotriene, oral antipsoriatic agents, other topical
      corticosteroids (non-class 1), and topical calcipotriene plus other topical
      corticosteroids. Similar rates of treatment success (clear or almost clear) were
      seen in the subgroup analysis for each of the add-on regimens when assessed by
      both the TPS and GAI scales. On the TPS scale, success rates at week 4 were 76.0%
      to 84.0% for clobetasol propionate spray 0.05% added to biologic agents, topical
      calcipotriene, oral antipsoriatic agents, other topical corticosteroids, or
      topical calcipotriene plus other topical corticosteroids. It is notable that in
      subjects who were being treated with a variety of agents, the addition of
      clobetasol propionate spray 0.05% during the course of the study resulted in
      improvements in disease severity.

PMID- 18154222
TI  - The degree of planning: an indicator of the potential success of health education
      programs.
AB  - Evaluation is a major challenge in the field of health promotion and health
      education. Since the degree to which a project is planned often guarantees its
      potential success, the evaluation process should make it possible to answer
      different questions related to stages of project implementation. The goal of this
      study was to develop a planning tool to help health professionals and community
      workers judge the potential success of health education interventions based on
      the extent to which they are planned and to test the tool in real intervention
      evaluations. Educational interventions examined in this study were targeted
      primarily at the promotion and adoption of behaviour reducing the risk of human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. The conceptual framework of
      "intervention mapping" served as the basis for developing the tool. Experts were
      consulted to identify criteria that would make it possible to evaluate the extent
      to which different stages of the model were accomplished. The tool was tested for
      reliability. Data from 123 projects were then collected and analyzed. The process
      for the development of the tool made it possible to identify 40 planning
      criteria, broken down into the 19 tasks of intervention mapping model.
      Reliability test results were highly satisfactory. The overall average score for
      project planning was 12.7 out of 40. The degree to which different stages were
      planned varied considerably. For example, only 15% of projects had developed
      their objective matrices properly, whereas 80% were assured proper support for
      their implementation. Thirty-nine percent of the projects were satisfactorily
      available for evaluation. This exercise made it possible to construct an
      interesting tool for identifying strengths and weaknesses of intervention
      planning. Various promoters might find this tool useful for increasing the
      potential success of their initiatives.

PMID- 18154223
TI  - Changing cultures: enhancing mental health and wellbeing of refugee young people
      through education and training.
AB  - Many refugee people and others entering Australia under the Humanitarian Program,
      have experienced extremely stressful and disrupted lives prior to arrival. A
      major difficulty experienced by a significant number of refugee young people is
      their lack of formal education before arrival. It directly affects their ability
      to start connecting to their new society and constructing a new life. The level
      of ease with which young people can move into the education and training system
      and begin to establish a meaningful career pathway has a huge impact on their
      successful settlement and stable mental health. This paper describes the Changing
      Cultures Project, a three-year project, which explored models of appropriate and
      accessible education and training for refugee and newly arrived young people that
      would enhance their mental health. The Changing Cultures Project was a
      partnership between the education, health and settlement sectors. This paper
      describes the program and system response to the health, settlement, education
      and vocational issues facing refugee young people using a mental health promotion
      framework and reflective practice. We discuss how the refugee youth programs met
      a broad range of needs as well as providing language, literacy and basic
      education to newly arrived young people. While working in an environment of
      changing policy and public opinion regarding refugee issues, the Project
      delivered successful outcomes at the program and organisational levels for
      refugee young people by addressing issues of program development and delivery,
      organisational development and capacity building and community development and
      evaluation.

PMID- 18154224
TI  - Changing communities, changing spaces: the challenges of health promotion
      outreach in cyberspace.
AB  - This article is a case study of an Internet chat room outreach project in Perth,
      Western Australia. The CyberReach project sought to adapt current peer based
      health promotion outreach, training and supervision frameworks to an online
      outreach setting in a way that was effective and supported by the online
      community. It targeted marginalised groups to trial the provision of online
      mental and sexual health promotion incorporating a participatory action research
      model into its development and implementation. Three 6-week trial periods were
      conducted and significant changes were made in response to changes in the online
      environment and to improve sustainability and effectiveness of the protocols.
      Four themes arose from CyberReach's experience: online group processes are unique
      due to the creation of extensive personal networks and occurrence of disclosure
      without face-to-face contact across potentially large geographic barriers;
      flexibility is required to adapt to technological changes and online community
      flux; enforcing boundaries and delineating peer education from therapeutic
      support can be challenging when only using text-based communication; and Internet
      outreach can be time intensive with small returns in actual community engagement
      and constant technological up-skilling of staff may be required. Based on the
      project's experiences we offer the following recommendations when planning
      similar Internet outreach strategies: Funding and planning groups need to be
      aware that the Internet environment is constantly changing and planning and
      funding arrangements need to reflect a capacity to remain flexible; Programs need
      to be firmly connected to the communities they are outreaching therefore a peer
      based education component is strongly encouraged; Careful consideration should be
      taken regarding data collection so that the environment and the individuals
      within are respected; Further research needs to be conducted to understand the
      styles and approaches of different online interactions, and the relative
      influence of technical platforms, gender and age.

PMID- 18154225
TI  - Effectiveness of a preventive educational programme on the oral health of
      preschool children.
AB  - The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a preventive-educational
      programme in a group of preschool children. The study's population group
      comprised 58 four-year-old children, with a mean age of 4.17 +/- 0.27. Plaque
      index and gingival index were determined, and a dental examination was performed.
      The children were randomly assigned to one of two groups: experimental and
      control. The experimental group received the educational component of the
      programme which was for children, parents and teachers. The preventive programme
      was applied to both groups and included topical application of 1.23% acidulated
      fluoride phosphate, pH 3.5, every 6 months. Outcomes were measured on day 8 and
      after 6 and 12 months under similar conditions to those at baseline. Results
      showed a significant decrease in gingival index and plaque index values and no
      significant increase in decay in the experimental group. The control group showed
      a significant increase in gingival index, plaque index, and decayed surfaces.

PMID- 18154226
TI  - Training practitioners in evidence-based chronic disease prevention for global
      health.
AB  - Too often, public health decisions are based on short-term demands rather than
      long-term research and objectives. Policies and programmes are sometimes
      developed around anecdotal evidence. The Evidence-Based Public Health (EBPH)
      programme trains public health practitioners to use a comprehensive, scientific
      approach when developing and evaluating chronic disease programmes. Begun in
      2002, the EBPH programme is an international collaboration. The course is
      organized in seven parts to teach skills in: 1) assessing a community's needs; 2)
      quantifying the issue; 3) developing a concise statement of the issue; 4)
      determining what is known about the issue by reviewing the scientific literature;
      5) developing and prioritizing programme and policy options; 6) developing an
      action plan and implementing interventions; and 7) evaluating the programme or
      policy. The course takes an applied approach and emphasizes information that is
      readily available to busy practitioners, relying on experiential learning and
      includes lectures, practice exercises, and case studies. It focuses n using
      evidence-based tools and encourages participants to add to the evidence base in
      areas where intervention knowledge is sparse. Through this training programme, we
      educated practitioners from 38 countries in 4 continents. This article describes
      the evolution of the parent course and describes experiences implementing the
      course in the Russian Federation, Lithuania, and Chile. Lessons learned from
      replication of the course include the need to build a "critical mass" of public
      health officials trained in EBPH within each country and the importance of
      international, collaborative networks. Scientific and technologic advances
      provide unprecedented opportunities for public health professionals to enhance
      the practice of EBPH. To take full advantage of new technology and tools and to
      combat new health challenges, public health practitioners must continually
      improve their skills.

PMID- 18154227
TI  - Primary care at the Alaska Native Medical Center: a fully deployed "new model" of
      primary care.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Beginning in the 1940s health care for Alaska Native people was
      delivered by the United States Indian Health Service. The transition to Alaska
      Native ownership was completed in 1998-9 with the transfer of the Alaska Native
      Medical Center to Alaska Native corporations. METHODS: The Native leaders of
      Southcentral Foundation made a conscious decision to redesign the medical primary
      care system around the core premise of optimizing long-term, trusting,
      accountable relationships. The medical system was reoriented to optimize these
      relationships, assure whole system intentional and integrated design, and remove
      barriers to these relationship being formed. RESULTS: . The transformed system
      allowed Alaska Native individuals and families to choose a primary care provider,
      enter into long-term trusting relationship with the provider, and partner in the
      journey towards wellness. It was a fully integrated approach that used every part
      of the system to best advantage, put the power in the hands of the individual and
      family, and effectively focused on the underlying determinants of health.
      CONCLUSIONS: The primary care system created and managed by Southcentral
      Foundation at the Alaska Native Medical Center demonstrated a system built on
      similar premises to the "New Model" of family medicine.

PMID- 18154228
TI  - Improved and expanded pharmacy care in rural Alaska through telepharmacy and
      alternative methods demonstration project.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To describe innovative use of technology to improve the level of
      pharmacy care in remote villages in rural Alaska. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional
      study. METHODS: The Alaska Native Medical Center and outlying health clinics
      formed the Southcentral Foundation Pharmacy Network to provide pharmacy services
      to Native and non-Native patients living in the rural Anchorage Service Unit. The
      Alaska Native Medical Center served as the central pharmacy, purchasing drugs on
      behalf of the network and dispensing those drugs to patients of the network. In
      April 2003, four remote pharmacies began a 6 month comparison of two different
      telepharmacy equipment systems. The systems were assessed for various factors
      such as hardware and software capabilities and the customer support offered. The
      program was then expanded to include 12 participating sites. RESULTS: During
      fiscal year 2006, 22665 prescriptions were processed utilizing telepharmacy and
      prospective pharmacist review. There were 990 documented pharmacist consultations
      and interventions (4.4% of all prescriptions processed). CONCLUSIONS:
      Incorporation of recent technological advancements enabled the pharmacy
      department of the Alaska Native Medical Center to improve and expand the
      provision of pharmacy services to rural, isolated communities. Based upon the
      success of the program, future sites are being targeted for telepharmacy
      inclusion.

PMID- 18154229
TI  - Southcentral Foundation tobacco cessation initiative.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To describe the development of a comprehensive tobacco cessation
      program for Alaska Native and American Indian patients in a primary care setting
      utilizing current evidence-based guidelines. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional.
      METHODS: A multidisciplinary team was assembled with representation from various
      departments including customers of the health care system to develop the tobacco
      cessation program. Feedback and guidance from the team were implemented and quit
      rates were calculated. RESULTS: In April 2005 the point prevalence of quitting
      among the 322 patients enrolled in the tobacco cessation program for 6 months was
      21.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Recognized clinical interventions that reduce tobacco use
      were effective in reducing tobacco use among the Alaska Native and American
      Indian patients enrolled in the tobacco cessation program. Initial results with
      respect to the quit rate and tobacco use screening rate provide a baseline for
      future work.

PMID- 18154230
TI  - Pilot study of methods to measure saliva cotinine in Alaska Native women during
      pregnancy.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate NicAlert immunoassay test strips and liquid
      chromatography atmospheric-pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry
      (LC/MS/MS) for the measurement of saliva cotinine levels in pregnant Alaska
      Native women. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Pregnant women
      completed a questionnaire about their tobacco use during pregnancy and that of
      others in the same household. Saliva samples were collected and tested using
      LC/MS/ MS and NicAlert immunoassay test strips. RESULTS: Seventy-one women
      participated; 18 reported using tobacco products during pregnancy. Sixteen women
      reported smoking within the last 7 days of the interview. Median cotinine
      concentrations in the women who reported smoking in the last 7 days were 94.5
      ng/mL using LC/MS/MS (N = 13) and 87.5 ng/mL using NicAlert (N = 11). Twenty-two
      women reported that they did not use tobacco and had no exposure to secondhand
      smoke. Median cotinine concentrations among those with no reported exposure to
      secondhand smoke were 0.0605 ng/mL using LC/MS/MS (N = 18) and 4.38 ng/mL using
      NicAlert (N = 17). CONCLUSION: NicAlert strips can be used to quickly distinguish
      between users and nonusers of tobacco, but they are not adequately sensitive to
      detect and quantify lower concentrations of cotinine among nonsmokers with
      secondhand exposure. A more sensitive method such as LC/MS/MS is required for
      that purpose.

PMID- 18154231
TI  - Cardiovascular disease risk factor screening among Alaska Native women: the
      traditions of the heart project.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To describe tobacco use, obesity and overweight, high blood pressure,
      high blood cholesterol and impaired glucose tolerance in Alaska Native and
      American Indian women living in the Anchorage area. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional
      evaluation of women enrolled in the Traditions of the Heart program. METHODS:
      Traditions of the Heart was a randomized controlled trial of an intervention to
      reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Starting in October 2000,
      Southcentral Foundation provided a 12-week group lifestyle intervention to
      eligible Alaska Native and American Indian women aged 40 to 64 residing in the
      Anchorage area. The study included assessment of biochemical and behavioral risk
      factors for cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: Of the 1334 women who enrolled
      between October 2000 and July 2005, 33.5% were current smokers, 78.8% were
      overweight or obese, 10.9% were hypertensive, 21.4% had elevated total
      cholesterol, and 5.6% had fasting glucose concentrations > or = 126 mg/dL.
      CONCLUSIONS: The women in this study had many risk factors for cardiovascular
      disease. Interventions are needed to reduce these risk factors among Alaska
      Native women.

PMID- 18154232
TI  - The Southcentral Foundation depression collaborative.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To describe a collaborative between a primary care clinic and a
      behavioral health clinic to treat depression among Alaska Native and American
      Indian patients. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Protocols for
      screening and intervention are described. The Patient Health Questionnaire
      identified individuals as negative or positive for DSM-IV depression. A
      computerized medical record was queried for descriptive data. Distribution of
      depression symptoms and diagnoses, antidepressant prescription, and service
      utilization highlight successes and weaknesses. RESULTS: Of those screened (n =
      14,648), 17.2% (n = 2,534) screened positive for depression. A little more than
      half (57%) of positives were prescribed antidepressant medications. Roughly 55%
      of patients who initially screened positive scored negative for depression after
      follow-up. Less than half (42%) of patients who initially screened positive had
      received specialty behavioral health care or a mood disorder diagnosis during the
      previous year. CONCLUSIONS: This program successfully identified and treated the
      depressive symptoms of many Alaska Native and American Indian patients who had
      not presented for specialty care and had not previously been diagnosed as
      depressed. Implementing similar programs elsewhere may help address depression as
      a significant health concern in the Alaska Native and American Indian population.
      Recommendations for future investigation are delineated to guide program
      improvement efforts and add to the general health disparities literature.

PMID- 18154233
TI  - Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and suicidality in a healthcare setting.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To present a clinical case report and provide a review of the
      available literature on fetal alcohol syndrome and the fetal alcohol spectrum
      disorders and suicidality to highlight important implications for providers.
      STUDY DESIGN: A case report and literature review. RESULTS: Almost 6% of
      adolescents evaluated by the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders diagnostic clinic
      at the Alaska Native Medical Center had been seen for self-harm related
      consultation. CONCLUSIONS: Persons with the fetal alcohol syndrome and the fetal
      alcohol spectrum disorders, as a result of their disability, demonstrate
      characteristics or features that are commonly thought to be risk factors for
      suicide-such as mental illness, alcohol and other drug abuse, impulsivity,
      history of trauma or abuse, and employment and relationship/social difficulties.
      These persons may experience mental health problems, including suicidal ideation
      and attempts, over the course of their life times.

PMID- 18154234
TI  - Tactical combat casualty care 2007: evolving concepts and battlefield experience.
AB  - The Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) project begun by the Naval Special
      Warfare Command and continued by the U.S. Special Operations Command developed a
      set of tactically appropriate battlefield trauma care guidelines that were
      initially published in 1996. Transition of these guidelines into use throughout
      the Department of Defense has been ongoing since that time. The need for updates
      to the TCCC guidelines was recognized early on and has been carried out by the
      Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care established and operated by the Naval
      Operational Medicine Institute. The evolution of these guidelines from the 1996
      recommendations to the present is described. Numerous reports in the medical
      literature and collected from combat first responders have documented that TCCC
      is saving lives on the battlefield and improving the tactical flow of missions on
      which casualties have occurred. Present challenges to the optimized
      implementation of TCCC in U.S. combat units include the need to expedite
      transition of new TCCC techniques and technologies to deploying units, to provide
      TCCC training for all U.S. combatants, and to ensure adequate funding for the
      Committee on TCCC.

PMID- 18154235
TI  - Combination treatment approaches and novel therapies for lymphoma.

PMID- 18154236
TI  - E-learning answers: real-time nurse manager orientation. New curriculum offers
      nurses instant access to training.

PMID- 18154237
TI  - Techno-advantages of the virtual ICU. How can telemedicine positively impact your
      health system?

PMID- 18154238
TI  - Smart pumps and synergy. A forward-thinking conversion is helping one hospital
      reduce i.v. medication errors and enhance staff collaboration.

PMID- 18154239
TI  - Automated workforce tracking keeps you flexible. Open shift management increases
      staff satisfaction by enhancing visibility.

PMID- 18154240
TI  - [Chagas disease in 1909 and in 2006].

PMID- 18154241
TI  - [Acute Chagas disease in Colombia: a rarely suspected disease. Report of 10 cases
      presented during the 2002-2005 period].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: In Colombia, reported cases of acute Chagas disease are sporadic.
      OBJECTIVE: Ten cases were described that had been reported to the Parasitology
      Laboratory of the Colombian National Health Institute between December 2002 and
      November 2005. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Information from clinical records,
      epidemiological report forms, laboratory and blood tests was collated. In
      addition the following data were compiled: demographic variables, clinical
      findings, results of laboratory tests and other exams (such as peripheral blood
      smears), IFAT for IgG antibodies, isolation in culture medium, inoculation in
      mice, polymerase chain reaction tests and isoenzyme eletrophoresis. RESULTS: All
      the cases presented in known endemic areas for Chagas disease transmission in
      Colombia. Three cases were from Putumayo Province, two each from the provinces of
      Arauca, Casanare, Norte de Santander and one from Santander Province. The
      probable mode of transmission was vector-borne. Seven cases presented in adults
      aged 18 to 50, three in children aged 6 months to 2 years. Seven were male and
      three were female. The most frequent symptom was fever in nine cases. Signs of
      portal of entry were rare; only one patient presented a possible Romahia's sign.
      Three patients presented myocarditis, two acute cardiac failure and one cardiac
      tamponade. Parasitemia was evident in nine cases; five had positive IgG
      serological tests; five cases were confirmed through parasite isolation;
      isoenzyme electrophoresis showed Trypanosoma cruzi group I. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical
      variability prevailed. In none of the cases was a clinical diagnosis suspected.
      The diagnosis was made and confirmed through laboratory tests alone. The results
      highlight the importance of including this disease in the differential diagnosis
      of febrile syndrome in endemic regions due to its good response to etiological
      treatment and thereby preventing its progression to the chronic phase.

PMID- 18154242
TI  - [Expression of markers on dendritic cells from chronic chagasic patients
      stimulated with the KMP-11 protein and the K1 peptide from Trypanosoma cruzi].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The kinetoplastid membrane protein 11, KMP-11, from Trypanosoma
      cruzi elicits humoral and cellular immunity in mice that protects them from
      infection against further parasite challenge. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the
      expression of surface markers on dendritic cells from chronic chagasic patients
      and healthy individuals, in response to the KMP-11 protein from Trypanosoma cruzi
      and its N-terminal peptide K1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Monocyte-derived dendritic
      cells from seven chronic chagasic patients and seven healthy individuals were
      stimulated with the KMP-11 protein and the K1 peptide. Seven days after
      culturing, the CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR membrane expression as well as the
      production of cytokines were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Neither KMP-11
      protein nor K1 peptide elicited the expression of the maturation marker CD83 on
      dendritic cells of patients or healthy control individuals. Dendritic cells from
      chronic chagasic patients exposed to K1 and LPS at the same time presented a
      significant reduction in CD86 and CD83 membrane expression in contrast to the
      cells exposed to LPS alone, whereas dendritic cells from healthy individuals did
      not show this behavior. The secretion of interleukin-12 was decreased in the
      cultures of dendritic cells from chronic chagasic patients but not from healthy
      controls. CONCLUSIONS: KMP-1 1 protein does not affect the maturation of
      dendritic cells, but in the presence of LPS the K1 peptide leads to a decreased
      expression of CD86 and CD83 as well as interleukin-12 production, This phenomenon
      may be associated with an impaired T cell stimulation.

PMID- 18154243
TI  - [Population structure and genetic variability of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera:
      reduviidae) from different geographic areas of Colombia].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Rhodnius prolixus is the most important vector of Chagas disease in
      Colombia. Genetic characterization of this species is useful to understand its
      potential of dispersion. The distribution of the vector and the genetic
      population structure are important factors for the adequate implementation of
      control programs and epidemiological surveillance of Chagas disease. OBJECTIVE:
      Genetic relationships were established for populations of R. prolixus collected
      from several habitat types and representative geographic areas of Colombia. A
      second aim was to assess its population genetic structure and dispersion across
      Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Genetic comparisons were made from three
      domestic populations of R. prolixus from (1) Tolima Province, (2) Cundinamarca
      Province and (3) the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta in northern Colombia, and (4)
      one sylvatic population from Casanare. Two molecular techniques were used to
      evaluate the genetic structure of these populations-analysis of the ITS-2 of
      ribosomal DNA by PCR/RFLP and RAPDs. RESULTS: Rhodnius prolixus shows a moderate
      genetic variability (Fst 0.06-0.15). Among domestic populations, the migration
      rates found were adequate (Nm >1) to maintain gene flow. A moderate to large
      degree of genetic differentiation was observed between the sylvatic population
      from Casanare and the domestic populations from the centre of the country (Tolima
      and Cundinamarca). CONCLUSION: The domestic populations of R. prolixus are
      homogeneous because genetic flow exists between them, and this is favourable to
      chemical control, while the sylvatic population clusters apart from the domestic
      populations. Hence the need to study the genetic structure of the sylvatic foci,
      their possible dispersion routes and the epidemiological risk that they
      represents.

PMID- 18154244
TI  - [Myocardial cellular damage and the activity of the mitochondrial ATP synthase in
      rats infected with a Colombian strain of Trypanosoma cruzi].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease is the main cause of cardiomyopathy in endemic
      regions of Latin America. Alterations in the cardiac mitochondrial energy
      metabolism caused by Trypanosoma cruzi can be involved in the development of this
      cardiomyopathy during the course of Chagas disease. OBJECTIVE: The cellular
      injury of the rat myocardium was investigated in rats infected with the Colombian
      Mg8 strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. The activity of mitochondrial ATP synthase was
      measured to determine the relationship heart damage with the energy metabolism.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of five rats each were infected with
      tripomastigotes, with 1 group of 6 rats serving as controls. The course of
      infection was characterized by parasitological, histopathological and molecular
      studies. The mitochondrial ATP synthase activity of the myocardium was evaluated
      in all rats. RESULTS: Peak parasitaemia (day 26 post infection) and the time of
      parasite clearance from circulating blood (day 60 post infection) were determined
      for acute and chronic phase models. The histopathological and molecular results
      showed that the Colombian Mg8 strain has tropism to the cardiac tissue and causes
      considerable cellular injury of the myocardium in rats during both phases.
      Despite the lesions observed in infected rats, no statistical difference in the
      activity of the mitochondrial ATPsynthase was observed between them and the non
      infected rats. CONCLUSION: Mitochondrial energy metabolism of the cardiomyocites
      does not appear to change during cellular injury of rat myocardium associated
      with infection by the Colombian Mg8 T. cruzi strain.

PMID- 18154245
TI  - [Analysis of polymorphisms in the trypanothione reductase and cruzipain genes in
      Colombian strains of Trypanosoma cruzi].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Genetic studies of Trypanosoma cruzi have tried to establish
      relations between genetic variants and their biological characteristics, such as
      clinical manifestations, host or geographic origin. However, much controversy
      exists on the associations between the commonly used DNA markers with group,
      clinical characteristics and disease epidemiology. OBJECTIVE: In this study
      determined the variability of the genes that code for the proteins trypanothione
      reductase and cruzipain, both involved in the infection and survival of the
      parasite in the mammalian host, was studied and the association between genetic
      polymorphism and biological and geographic sources in Colombian T. cruzi strains
      was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The genotypes for each of six SNPs (single
      nucleotide polymorphisms) for trypanothione reductase and eight SNPs for
      cruzipain genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment
      length polymorphism in 36 T. cruzi Colombian stocks from several regions and
      biological origins. RESULTS: Three genotypes were identified for trypanothione
      reductase with Acy I and Hae III enzymes and six genotypes for cruzipain with the
      Rsa I, Ban I and Bsu 361 enzymes. CONCLUSIONS: For trypanothione reductase, an
      association was not established with biological or geographical origin; however,
      alleles at positions 102 and 210 allowed discrimination with groups I and II. For
      cruzipain, specific genotypes were associated with group, biological and
      geographic origin. The usefulness of molecular markers on these genes was
      demonstrated for the determination and differentiation of genetic varieties in T.
      cruzi.

PMID- 18154246
TI  - [Biological and genetic characterization of two Colombian clones of Trypanosoma
      cruzi groups I and II].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Genetic differences between T. cruzi I and T. cruzi ll may
      determine differences in their tissue tropism in the vertebrate host and may also
      be responsible for the differences in clinical manifestations of Chagas disease.
      OBJECTIVE: Two Colombian clones of the T. cruzi groups I and II were
      characterized biologically and genetically in a murine model. MATERIALS AND
      METHODS: Strains Cas15 and AF1 belonging to the T. cruzi groups I and II were
      cloned in semisolid medium. A clone of each strain and a mix of both were used to
      infect mice; the mice were subsequently sacrificed at selected post-infection
      intervals. In order to identify the parasite presence in blood and organs, two
      methods were used (a) microhematocrit and (b) polymerase chain reaction with
      primers for satellite DNA and the intergenic region of miniexon. RESULTS: The T.
      cruzi I clone was more infectious, with a preferential tropism observed in heart,
      rectum and skeletal muscle, whereas clone T. cruzi II exhibited a preferential
      tropism for spleen and liver. During the infection with the clone mixture a
      predominance of the T. cruzi I clone over clone II in blood as well as in organs
      was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results corroborate that the genetic differences
      between the T. cruzi groups correlate with their tissue tropism, and can play an
      essential role in explaining the clinical manifestations of Chagas disease
      observed in Colombia.

PMID- 18154247
TI  - [Toxic effect of beta-cipermethrin, deltamethrin and fenitrothion in colonies of
      Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) and Triatoma maculata (Erichson, 1848)
      (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The susceptibility to insecticides of triatomine species must be
      evaluated because of their involvement in the transmission of the Chagas disease.
      In each region with Chagas endemicity, evaluation of insecticide response is
      necessary to predict the success of the control campaigns. OBJECTIVE: The
      baseline susceptibility was determined for the active principles deltamethrin,
      beta-cypermethrin and fenitrothion in nymphs of first and fifth instar of
      Triatoma dimidiata and nymphs of first instar of Triatoma maculata. MATERIALS AND
      METHODS: The insecticide activity in triatomines was evaluated by the technique
      of topical application. RESULTS: The values of the LD50 in nymphs of first instar
      for T. maculata, expressed in nanograms per insect (ng/i), were 0.07, 0.05 and
      4.12 for deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin and fenitrothion respectively. The
      corresponding LD99 values were 1.08, 0.37 and 17.89 ng/i. In T. dimidiata, the
      LD50 values were 0.44, 0.46 and 16.45 ng/i; the LD99 values were 2.22, 1.97 and
      36.07 ng/i. In nymphs of fifth instar T. dimidiata, the LD50 values were 510.7,
      1623.6 and 838.9 ng/i; the LD99 values were 9607.5, 11,717.9 and 1525.0 ng/i,
      respectively. CONCLUSION: In first instar nymphs of T. dimidiata and T. maculata,
      the pyrethroid insecticides were more effective; in fifth instar nymphs of T.
      dimidiata, the effectiveness of the pyrethroids and the organophosphate differed
      in the LD50 comparison--the nymphs required much higher doses compared with the
      other triatomines and suggested a low susceptibility. The LD99 for the
      organophosphate (fenitrothion) was significantly lower and may indicate its
      greater effectiveness in field. Studies of synergistic effects amonst
      insecticides are important to clarify the role of biochemical mechanisms that
      determine tolerance to the pyrethroids. Insecticide tolerance represents a new
      challenge for control campaigns in the Andean and Central American countries
      where Chagas disease is endemic.

PMID- 18154248
TI  - [Comparison of a PCR test based on the histone H2A/SIRE genes with classical
      serological tests for the diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease in Colombian
      patients].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of Chagas disease in its latent and chronic phase is
      difficult because of the low parasitemia levels. Therefore, serological and
      molecular techniques are necessary to achieve an appropriate diagnosis.
      OBJECTIVE: The polymerase chain reaction based on the amplification of the SIRE
      element inserted into H2A encoding genes was compared with classical serological
      tests for the diagnosis of Chagas disease in Colombian patients. MATERIALS AND
      METHODS: An agreement study was carried out by comparing the PCR with ELISA
      (enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay) and IFAT (indirect immunofluorescence)
      tests. In addition, the PCR sensitivity and specificity were determined. A sample
      of 156 individuals was tested with the H2A PCR primers after a Chagas disease
      classification based on clinical, epidemiological and serological data associated
      with each patient. In addition, 97 out of 156 samples were also compared with the
      S35/S36 PCR primers. RESULTS: Eighty-nine of 156 samples (57%) were positive by
      both IFAT and ELISA and 84 (53.8%) presented the expected 234 bp amplification
      fragment. The sensitivity of the TcH2AF/ R PCR was 88% (95% C.I.: 75%--95%) and
      its specificity 92.5% (95% C.I.: 87.7%--97.2%). The kappa index for concordance
      between serological tests and TcH2AF/R PCR was 0.8 (95% C.I.: 73%--86%), and
      between the TcH2AF/R and S35/S36 PCR primers was 0.9 (95% C.I.: 84%-96%). These
      indices indicated a "good" and "almost perfect" agreement, respectively.
      CONCLUSIONS: The TcH2AF/R PCR is a promising diagnostic tool for the detection of
      T. cruzi and is suggested as a tool complementary to the classical serological
      tests.

PMID- 18154249
TI  - [Antennal phenotype variation in sylvatic, peridomestic and domestic populations
      of Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from Santander, Colombia].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Triatoma dimidiata is one of the widely distributed triatomines in
      Colombia. The phenotype of the antenna is a characteristic of populations that
      can differ among habitats and can give information concerning its biology and
      behavior. This information in turn can be used in the development of new
      methodological proposals for its control. OBJECTIVE: The behavior of populations
      of Triatoma dimidiate was studied in several different habitats, using the
      antennal phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mechanoreceptor and three
      chemoreceptors were compared in the antennae of 60 Triatoma dimidiata adults from
      several defined habitats in Santander, using unvariate and multivariate analyses.
      RESULTS: The multivariate analysis differentiated the female populations
      significantly. These differences were associated with variations in the number of
      thick-walled trichoids and with the numerical increase of the thin walled
      trichoids in habitats close to human housing. The males, with a larger number of
      sensilla and thin walled trichoids, were not differentiated significantly,
      although, similar tendencies were observed. Sexual dimorphism was clear in these
      characters in the total population, but less pronounced in the domestic
      populations. CONCLUSIONS: The antennal sensilla patterns were useful in the
      intraspecific differentiation of Triatoma dimidiata in different habitats. The
      differences in the female population shed light on new sensorial arrangements for
      the exploration of the habitat, in contrast with the male populations that,
      because of their great capacity for dispersion, were not differentiated in the
      distinct habitats. The differences in sensilla patterns between females from
      urban areas and those from rural surroundings may be a simple and efficient
      marker of the origin of individual Triatominae attempting to colonize new
      habitats.

PMID- 18154250
TI  - [Comparison of feeding and defecation patterns of Rhodnius colombiensis and
      Rhodnius prolixus(Hempitera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) under laboratory
      conditions].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Rhodnius colombiensis occasionally comes into human dwellings and
      consequently its role as an important potential vector in the transmission of
      American trypanosomiasis has been suggested. OBJECTIVE: The potential role of R.
      colombiensis as vector was defined by comparing the feeding and defecation
      patterns between R. colombiensis and R. prolixus, the main domiciliary vector of
      Trypanosoma cruzi in Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. For each developmental
      stage of R. colombiensis and R. prolixus the following data were collected: (1)
      time of feeding initiation, (2) the time for reaching the repletion, (3) the
      number of interruptions and defecations during the feeding, (4) the time between
      the end of the feeding and the first defecation, (5) the number of defecations
      during 10, 60 and 95 minutes of observation after feeding, and (6) the quantity
      of blood ingested. RESULTS: The mean time of feeding initiation of the fifth
      instar nymphs, males and females, showed significant differences between the two
      species. The average of insects that defecated within 10 minutes after feeding
      was higher for each successive stage of R. prolixus and showed significant
      differences with Rhodnius colombiensis. In contrast, the mean weight of blood
      ingested by each stage of R. colombiensis and R. prolixus was significantly
      different between the N1, N2, N5 and females of these species. CONCLUSION:
      Rhodnius colombiensis produced fewer defecations than R. prolixus during feeding.
      A higher percentage of R. prolixus defecated within 10, 60 and 95 minutes after
      feeding. However, R. colombiensis remains a longer time in contact with the
      vertebrate host, thus raising the probability of its role in transmission
      considering its occasional entry to human dwellings and its higher prevalences of
      infection withT. cruzi and T. rangeli.

PMID- 18154251
TI  - [Trypanosoma rangeli parasite-vector-vertebrate interactions and their
      relationship to the systematics and epidemiology of American trypanosomiasis].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Trypanosoma rangeli is a species of trypanosome second to T. cruzi,
      that is infective to humans in Latin America. Variability in the biological,
      biochemical and molecular characteristics between different isolates isolates of
      this parasite have been recorded. OBJECTIVE: Morphological and molecular
      characteristics were recorded from strains of T. rangeli that were isolated from
      different species of Rhodnius and maintained in different vertebrate species.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen strains of T. rangeli were isolated from R.
      prolixus, R. pallescens and R. colombiensis in Colombia, R. ecuadoriensis in Peru
      and R. pallescens in Panama. Polymorphism of blood trypomastigotes in ICR mice
      was evaluated and pleomorphism of P53 strain of T. rangeli KP1(-) inoculated in
      mouse, marsupial and canine was studied. RAPD analysis (randomly amplified
      polymorphic DNA analysis) of 12 strains isolated from four species of Rhodnius
      was performed. RESULT: Based on the total length of blood trypomastigotes, three
      discrete groups were observed. The P53 strain showed significant differences in
      the size of blood trypomastigotes in mouse, marsupial and canine. RAPD analysis
      showed that the strains segregated into two branches corresponding to strains of
      T. rangeli KP1(+) and T. rangeli KP1(-). All strains of T. rangeli KP1(-)
      clustered according to the species of Rhodnius from which they were isolated.
      CONCLUSION: These data reveal, for the first time, a close association amongst T.
      rangeli strains and Rhodnius species, confirming that each species of Rhodnius
      transmits to vertebrate hosts a parasite population with clear phenotypic and
      genotypic differences. This is further evidence that supports the concept of
      clonal evolution of these parasites.

PMID- 18154252
TI  - [Comparison of the life cycles of Rhodnius colombiensis Moreno, Jurberg & Galvao,
      1999 and R. prolixus Stal, 1872 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) under
      laboratory conditions].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Rhodnius colombiensis is a sylvatic triatomine associated with wine
      palm trees (Attalea butyracea) in the high basin of the Magdalena river
      (Colombia). The frequent invasion of these vectors into human dwellings and the
      high prevalences of natural infection with Trypanosoma cruzi of these insects
      suggest an important role in the transmission of Chagas disease. OBJECTIVE: The
      length of the life cycles of R. colombiensis and R. prolixus under laboratory
      conditions were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-two individuals for each
      species were studied. The mean duration time of each stage, the number of
      bloodmeals for each stage, the percentage of mortality, the cause of death, the
      mean of eggs laid by female, the number of fertile eggs and the longevity of
      adults were recorded. RESULTS: The mean duration time of all stages of R.
      colombiensis was higher than in R. prolixus, producing significant differences in
      the overall time from egg to adult. The mean of total eggs and fertile eggs
      showed significant differences, being higher in R. prolixus than in R.
      colombiensis. The total mortality was 31.5% for R. colombiensis and 6.5% for R.
      prolixus. The longevity of females was higher in R. prolixus. CONCLUSIONS: The
      stages of R. prolixus are of relatively short duration. In general, the nymphs
      take fewer bloodmeals than R. colombiensis, the adults take more bloodmeals and
      oviposit a larger number of fertile eggs, and females have a greater longevity.
      These parameters indicated that R. prolixus has superior reproductive success in
      comparison with R. colombiensis under the experimental conditions used. These new
      life cycle data of R. colombiensis will be useful for maintenance of laboratory
      colonies.

PMID- 18154253
TI  - [Seroprevalence of Chagas disease and associated risk factors in a population of
      Morroa, Sucre].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease is a major public health problem in Latin America.
      In Colombia, a large area has the ecoepidemiological conditions which favor the
      active transmition of this infection. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken in a
      population from the municipality of Morroa, Sucre Province, to evaluate risk
      factors and to determine the seroprevalence to Chagas disease. MATERIALS AND
      METHODS: A questionnaire was given to a sample population of 122 people classed
      as rural (n=76) or urban area (n=46). A serological screening was undertaken by
      Elisa test, with confirmation of seropositives with IHA (Chagatest) and
      parasitological confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Four
      people were positive by Elisa test (3.3%); however, they were negative by IHA and
      PCR. One of the four positives by Elisa was positive by indirect immuno
      flourescence (IFAT) as well. The sample showed a low presence of seropositives
      against Trypanosoma cruzi. However, the presence of parasite could not be
      confirmed by the PCR test. The main risk factors were houses thatched with palm
      roofs, clay floors, wood walls, and presence of domestic animal reservoirs.
      CONCLUSIONS: The study population presented risk factors for the establishment of
      active transmission. The presence of triatomines must be verified in this area
      and establishment of control measures are necessary for preventiving the
      resurgence of the Chagas disease in Morroa.

PMID- 18154254
TI  - [Electrophoretic patterns of salivary hemeproteins (nitrophorines) of Rhodnius
      colombiensis and R. prolixus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Salivary hemeprotein electrophoresis in starch gels is a recent
      technique used for differentiation of Rhodnius species with great phenotypic
      similarity. Furthermore, populations of the same species can be differentiated
      from geographically separated locales. Of the 15 described Rhodnius species in
      Latin America, at least eight have been reported in Colombia. OBJECTIVE: To use
      the salivary hemeproteins electrophoresis for R. prolixus and R. colombiensis
      identification. These two species are phenotypically similar and have overlapping
      domestic and sylvatic cycles where they occur in the upper basin of the Magdalena
      river, Central Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The content of salivary glands of
      each insect was subjected to starch gel electrophoresis using glycine buffer, and
      the bands were revealed with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine. Band patterns were
      photographically recorded. RESULTS: Electrophoretic patterns of salivary
      hemeproteins of R. prolixus and R. colombiensis were able to unequivocally
      differentiate the two species. CONCLUSION: The usefulness of the starch gel
      technique for distinguishing between R. prolixus and R. colombiensis was
      demonstrated as an additional tool to the morphometric and molecular methods
      already in use for differentiation of these two species.

PMID- 18154255
TI  - [Updated geographical distribution and ecoepidemiology of the triatomine fauna
      (Reduviidae: Triatominae) in Colombia].
AB  - Information concerning triatomine records from provinces and municipalities was
      accumulated-including data indicating natural infections with trypanosomatides
      that has been previously published or reported by Colombian provincial health
      services and research institutes. Altitude appeared to be the main factor
      responsible for the distribution of the insects. Illustrations summarize the
      information provided by the above records. A triatomine fauna classification is
      presented that corresponds to the eco-epidemiological conditions of the country,
      considering altitude as the factor determining the geographical distribution of
      these vectors. Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma dimidiata, Triatoma maculata and
      Triatoma venosa are considered the major transmission risk species in Colombia,
      according to the frequency in which they are reported inside dwellings and
      peridomiciliary areas. Entomological surveillance providess a necessary tool to
      reinforce the control strategies for Chagas disease. This also allows the
      evaluation of transmission risk that the sylvatic triatomines represent in
      Colombia.

PMID- 18154256
TI  - Catalyzing chemical bonding--the WIKI way.

PMID- 18154260
TI  - Progress toward establishing an open access molecular screening capability in the
      Australasian region.

PMID- 18154261
TI  - Arthur Kornberg (1918-2007): a man of more than just two cultures.

PMID- 18154262
TI  - Michelle Chang: putting the pieces together with synthetic biology.

PMID- 18154263
TI  - Click imaging of biochemical processes in living systems.
AB  - Understanding the function of biomolecules is crucially dependent on observing
      the dynamics of their biosynthesis, distribution, and metabolism in their native
      environment at the cellular and organismal levels rather than their behavior in
      the isolated samples. Small bioorthogonal functional groups that cause minimal,
      if any, perturbations of the native structure and function of the target molecule
      under physiological conditions and react selectively with an appropriately
      derivatized probe could function as chemical handles that allow selective
      visualization of the target molecule in the complex biological milieu. Small and
      generally unreactive, organic azides are ideally suited for this task: they can
      be carried unnoticed through multiple biosynthetic steps only to be revealed,
      when desired, by action of a suitably derivatized visualization label.

PMID- 18154264
TI  - Fragment-based ligand discovery meets phage display.
AB  - In a powerful complement to traditional ligand discovery methods such as high
      throughput screening, fragment-based ligand discovery methods identify ligands
      piece by piece. A recent advance combines the concepts of fragment-based ligand
      discovery with phage-display technology to yield bivalent kinase inhibitors with
      high potency and specificity.

PMID- 18154265
TI  - An adrenaline (and gold?) rush for the GPCR community.
AB  - G-Protein-coupled receptors are one of the largest protein families found in
      metazoans. Using several novel strategies, the first atomic resolution structures
      of a receptor that is activated by a diffusible ligand have been determined.

PMID- 18154266
TI  - An oxazole-based small-molecule Stat3 inhibitor modulates Stat3 stability and
      processing and induces antitumor cell effects.
AB  - Stat3 is hyperactivated in many human tumors and represents a valid target for
      anticancer drug design. We present a novel small-molecule Stat3 inhibitor, S3I
      M2001, and describe the dynamics of intracellular processing of activated Stat3
      within the context of the biochemical and biological effects of the Stat3
      inhibitor. S3I-M2001 is an oxazole-based peptidomimetic of the Stat3 Src homology
      (SH) 2 domain-binding phosphotyrosine peptide that selectively disrupts active
      Stat3:Stat3 dimers. Consequently, hyperactivated Stat3, which hitherto occurs as
      "dotlike" structures of nuclear bodies, undergoes an early aggregation into
      nonfunctional perinuclear aggresomes and a late-phase proteasome-mediated
      degradation in malignant cells treated with S3I-M2001. Thus, S3I-M2001 inhibited
      Stat3-dependent transcriptional regulation of tumor survival genes, such as Bcl
      xL. Furthermore, Stat3-dependent malignant transformation, survival, and
      migration and invasion of mouse and human cancer cells harboring persistently
      activated Stat3 were inhibited by S3I-M2001. Finally, S3I-M2001 inhibited growth
      of human breast tumor xenografts. The study identifies a novel Stat3 inhibitor,
      S3I-M2001, with antitumor cell effects mediated in part through a biphasic loss
      of functional Stat3. The study represents the first on intracellular Stat3
      stability and processing following inhibition by a small molecule that has
      significant antitumor activity.

PMID- 18154267
TI  - Rationally designed inhibitors identify STAT3 N-domain as a promising anticancer
      drug target.
AB  - Activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is
      frequently detected in many cancer types. Activated STAT3 may participate in
      oncogenesis by stimulating cell proliferation and resisting apoptosis, as well as
      promoting tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and migration. Many STAT3-dependent
      cellular responses are mediated through interactions with other proteins, and the
      amino-terminal domain (N-domain) of STAT3 was proposed to be responsible for
      this. Our NMR studies revealed that synthetic analogs of the STAT4 second alpha
      helix bind to the N-domain and perturb its structure. Structural data available
      for the STAT4 N-domain was used for the rational design of STAT3 helix 2 analogs
      with enhanced biological activity. Cell-permeable derivatives of the STAT3 second
      helix were found to directly and specifically bind to STAT3 but not STAT1 as
      determined by FRET analysis in cells expressing GFP-STAT3 and GFP-STAT1.
      Furthermore, they potently induced apoptotic death in breast cancer cells but not
      normal breast cells or STAT3-deficient fibroblasts. The inhibitors caused
      significant changes in the mitochondrial potential of cancer cells, leading to
      cell death. These compounds not only are promising drug candidates but also offer
      a convenient tool for studying the mechanisms of action of STAT transcription
      factors and have facilitated our understanding of the crucial role of the N
      domain in STAT3 function.

PMID- 18154268
TI  - A 10,000 member PNA-encoded peptide library for profiling tyrosine kinases.
AB  - A 10,000 member peptide nucleic acid (PNA) encoded peptide library was prepared,
      treated with the Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl), and decoded using a DNA
      microarray and a fluorescently labeled secondary antiphosphotyrosine antibody. A
      dual-color approach ensured internal referencing for each and every member of the
      library and the generation of robust data sets. Analysis identified 155 peptides
      (out of 10,000) that were strongly phosphorylated by Abl in full agreement with
      known Abl specificities. BLAST analysis identified known cellular Abl substrates
      such as c-Jun amino-terminal kinase as well as new potential target proteins such
      as the G-protein coupled receptor kinase 6 and diacylglycerol kinase gamma. To
      illustrate the generalization of this approach, two other tyrosine kinases, human
      epidermal growth factor 2 (Her2) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
      2/kinase insert domain protein receptor (VEGFR2/KDR), were profiled allowing
      characterization of specific peptide sequences known to interact with these
      kinases; under these conditions Her2 was demonstrated to have a marked preference
      for D-proline perhaps offering a unique means of targeting and inhibiting this
      kinase.

PMID- 18154270
TI  - Acremine G, dimeric metabolite from cultures of Acremonium byssoides A20.
AB  - A new dimeric fungal metabolite, racemic acremine G, was isolated from cultures
      of the fungus Acremonium byssoides A20, along with the known acremines A-F. Its
      structure was elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. A
      possible biosynthetic pathway is discussed. Acremine G mildly inhibited the
      growth of sporangia of Plasmopara viticola.

PMID- 18154272
TI  - Nitric oxide production inhibitory activity of flavonoids contained in trunk
      exudates of Dalbergia sissoo.
AB  - Methanolic extracts of trunk exudates of Dalbergia sissoo yielded two new open
      chain neoflavonoids (1, 2), a new flavonoid (3), a new flavanone (4), and 26
      known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic
      analyses. The ability of the isolated compounds to prevent nitric oxide (NO)
      production by LPS-stimulated J774.1 cells was also studied. All of the isolated
      compounds except 4, formononetin, and zenognosin B exhibited significant activity
      in a concentration-dependent manner. Compounds 2 and 3 were among the most potent
      NO production inhibitors, with IC50 values of 3.19 and 6.22 microM, respectively,
      and compound 1 had an IC50 of 31.6 microM.

PMID- 18154269
TI  - Mechanisms of resistance to an amino acid antibiotic that targets translation.
AB  - Structural and functional diversity among the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases prevent
      infiltration of the genetic code by noncognate amino acids. To explore whether
      these same features distinguish the synthetases as potential sources of
      resistance against antibiotic amino acid analogues, we investigated bacterial
      growth inhibition by S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine (AEC). Wild-type lysyl-tRNA
      synthetase (LysRS) and a series of active site variants were screened for their
      ability to restore growth of an Escherichia coli LysRS null strain at increasing
      concentrations of AEC. While wild-type E. coli growth is completely inhibited at
      5 microM AEC, two LysRS variants, Y280F and F426W, provided substantial
      resistance and allowed E. coli to grow in the presence of up to 1 mM AEC.
      Elevated resistance did not reflect changes in the kinetics of amino acid
      activation or tRNA (Lys) aminoacylation, which showed at best 4-6-fold
      improvements, but instead correlated with the binding affinity for AEC, which was
      decreased approximately 50-fold in the LysRS variants. In addition to changes in
      LysRS, AEC resistance has also been attributed to mutations in the L box
      riboswitch, which regulates expression of the lysC gene, encoding aspartokinase.
      The Y280F and F426W LysRS mutants contained wild-type L box riboswitches that
      responded normally to AEC in vitro, indicating that LysRS is the primary cellular
      target of this antibiotic. These findings suggest that the AEC resistance
      conferred by L box mutations is an indirect effect resulting from derepression of
      lysC expression and increased cellular pools of lysine, which results in more
      effective competition with AEC for binding to LysRS.

PMID- 18154271
TI  - Sodium pancratistatin 3,4-o-cyclic phosphate, a water-soluble synthetic
      derivative of pancratistatin, is highly effective in a human colon tumor model.
AB  - Sodium pancratistatin 3,4- O-cyclic phosphate ( 2) is a novel water-soluble
      synthetic derivative of pancratistatin ( 1), a natural alkaloid constituent of
      Amaryllidaceae plants, that exhibits good cytostatic and antineoplastic activity
      but is highly insoluble. Unlike most other natural alkaloids it does not act by
      binding to tubulin, and its mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated.
      Here the efficacy of 2 in a human colon adenocarcinoma model, DLD-1, and some
      understanding of its mode of action are investigated. Agreeing with previous
      studies, low cytotoxicity in vitro was seen for 2 with IC 50's of 253 and 19.7
      microM for 1 and 96 h exposures, respectively. However in vivo the compound
      caused statistically significant tumor growth delays ( p < 0.01) at its maximum
      tolerated dose, and significant vascular shutdown and tumor necrosis were
      observed. Like 1, the compound appeared to have an unconventional mechanism of
      action with no effect on microtubule structure, yet causing a G 2/M block, while
      it was seen to disrupt mitochondrial function. The mechanism of action of 1 and 2
      appears to be similar. Thus compound 2, being considerably more soluble than 1,
      has good potential as an anticancer agent, and further investigation is
      warranted.

PMID- 18154273
TI  - High-affinity uranyl-specific antibodies suitable for cellular imaging.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have proved to be valuable models for the study of
      protein-metal interactions, and previous reports have described very specific
      antibodies to chelated metal ions, including uranyl. We raised specific mAbs
      against UO2(2+)-DCP-BSA (DCP, 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid) to
      generate new sets of antibodies that might cross-react with various complexed
      forms of uranyl in different environments for further application in the field of
      toxicology. Using counter-screening with UO2(2+)-DCP-casein, we selected two
      highly specific mAbs against uranyl-DCP ( K D 10-100 pM): U04S and U08S.
      Competitive assays in the presence of different metal ions (UO2(2+), Fe (3+),
      Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ca2+) showed that uranyl in solution can act as a good
      competitor, suggesting some antibody ability to cross-react with chelating groups
      other than DCP in the UO2(2+) equatorial coordination plane. Interestingly, one
      of the antibodies could be used for revealing uranyl cations in cell samples.
      Fluorescence activated cell sorting analyses after immunolabeling revealed the
      interaction of uranyl with human kidney cells HK2. The intracellular accumulation
      of uranyl could be directly visualized by metal-immunostaining using fluorescent
      labeled mAb. Our results suggest that U04S mAb epitopes mostly include the uranyl
      fraction and its paratopes can accommodate a wide variety of chelating groups.

PMID- 18154274
TI  - Direct coupling of ionic liquid based single-drop microextraction and GC/MS.
AB  - The use of ionic liquids as extracting media in single-drop liquid-phase
      microextraction (SDME) and its direct coupling to gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometry (GC/MS) is presented. For this purpose, a new removable interface
      that enables the introduction of the extracted analytes into the GC system, while
      preventing the ionic liquid from entering the column, has been developed. The
      determination of three representative pollutants in water samples has been used
      as a model analytical problem in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the
      proposed interface. The analytes (dichloromethane, p-xylene, and n-undecane) were
      coextracted from the aqueous sample in a 2-microL drop of 1-butyl-3
      methylimidazolium hexaflourophosphate. Then, the syringe used to perform the SDME
      was directly introduced into the interface, which was held at 140 degrees C in
      order to achieve a complete volatilization of the target compounds. After the
      injection, the ionic liquid was retained in the interface, while a carrier gas
      transferred the volatilized analytes into the GC inlet. The optimization of the
      operational variables affecting the new interface (temperature, carrier flow
      rate, sample volume and injection technique) was accomplished. The analytes could
      be determined with detection limits in the low-nanogram per milliliter
      concentration range, and the relative standard deviations were between 3.3 and
      4.4%.

PMID- 18154275
TI  - The benzophenone S1(n,pi*) --> T1(n,pi*) states intersystem crossing
      reinvestigated by ultrafast absorption spectroscopy and multivariate curve
      resolution.
AB  - The well-known benzophenone intersystem crossing from S(1)(n,pi*) to T(1)(n,pi*)
      states, for which direct transition is forbidden by El-Sayed rules, is
      reinvestigated by subpicosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy and
      effective data analysis for various excitation wavelengths and solvents.
      Multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares analysis is used to
      perform bilinear decomposition of the time-resolved spectra into pure spectra of
      overlapping transient species and their associated time-dependent concentrations.
      The results suggest the implication of an intermediate (IS) in the relaxation
      process of the S(1) state. Therefore, a two step kinetic model, S(1) --> IS -->
      T(1), is successfully implemented as an additional constraint in the soft
      modeling algorithm. Although this intermediate, which has a spectrum similar to
      the one of T(1)(n,pi*) state, could be artificially induced by vibrational
      relaxation, it is tentatively assigned to a hot T(1)(n,pi*) triplet state. Two
      characteristic times are reported for the transition S(1) --> IS and IS --> T(1),
      approximately 6.5 ps and approximately 10 ps respectively, without any influence
      of the solvent. Moreover, an excitation wavelength effect is discovered
      suggesting the participation of unrelaxed singlet states in the overall process.
      To go further discussing the spectroscopic relevancy of IS and to rationalize the
      expected involvement of the T(2)(pi,pi*) state, we also investigate 4
      methoxybenzophenone. For this neighboring molecule, triplet energy level is
      tunable through solvent polarity and a clear correlation is established between
      the intermediate resolved by multivariate data analysis and the presence of a
      T(2)(pi,pi*) above the T(1)(n,pi*) triplet. It is therefore proposed that the
      benzophenone intermediate species is a T(1)(n,pi*) high vibrational level in
      interaction with T(2)(pi,pi*) state.

PMID- 18154276
TI  - Photoisomerization of cis,cis- to trans,trans-1,4-diaryl-1,3-butadienes in the
      solid state: the bicycle-pedal mechanism.
AB  - The photoisomerizations of crystalline or powdered cis,cis-1,4-diphenyl- and 1,4
      di(o-tolyl)-1,3-butadienes (cc-DPB and cc-DTB) to the trans,trans isomers were
      studied at room temperature. The progress of the reactions was monitored by
      fluorescence spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, (1)H NMR, and high
      performance liquid chromatography. Conversions to the trans,trans isomers were as
      high as 90% for cc-DPB and 20% for cc-DTB. Formation of the cis,trans isomers,
      the sole products obtained in solution and in very viscous glassy media at 77 K,
      is completely suppressed in the solid state. The observed two-bond
      photoisomerizations are explained by the bicycle-pedal (BP) photoisomerization
      mechanism. X-ray structure determinations show that o-methyl substitution causes
      a widening of the phenyl/diene dihedral angles from 40 degrees to 56 degrees and
      decreases the number of conformers in the crystal from two in cc-DPB to one in cc
      DTB. The two conformers of cc-DPB molecules exist in crystals in edge-to-face
      alternating arrays, one of which has the two phenyls in parallel planes and the
      other in roughly perpendicular planes. The edge-to-face relationship is
      maintained in cc-DTB, but only the conformer with the o-tolyl groups in parallel
      planes is present. The time evolutions of fluorescence spectra measured in the
      course of the photoreaction show remarkable similarities, despite the different
      molecular conformations and crystal packing arrangements. Principal component
      analyses of the spectral matrices indicate the formation of discrete components,
      suggesting that the two-bond photoisomerizations proceed in stages involving
      molecules in different microcrystal environments. The structureless appearances
      of the initial fluorescence spectra show that the reactions are in part diabatic.
      The BP mechanism can account for the observations if the bicycle-pedal motion
      began in the excited state, S(1), and were completed in the ground state, S(0).
      Analysis of void spaces in the crystal lattice reveals much less compact packing
      of cc-DPB than of cc-DTB molecules, possibly explaining the much higher
      conversions to photoproduct from cc-DPB.

PMID- 18154277
TI  - Microwave catalysis through rotationally hot reactive species.
AB  - In this contribution we propose a novel physical mechanism for microwave
      catalysis based on rotationally excited reactive species and verify its validity
      through a computer simulation of a realistic chemical reaction-neutral ester
      hydrolysis. This nonequilibrium system is formally described by introducing
      rotational temperature, which is higher than the translational temperature. A
      Born-Oppenheimer surface was constructed on the density functional theory level
      and applied to a modified Monte Carlo scheme. The simulation gave a reduced
      activation free energy when the rotational temperature was higher than the
      translational temperature, which constitutes a catalytic effect. For example, our
      calculation predicts that with rotational and translational temperatures of 310
      and 300 K, respectively, the reaction should proceed 4.5 times faster than when
      both temperatures are 300 K. Moreover, this microwave catalytic effect is less
      pronounced at higher temperatures, which may have serious implications for the
      interaction of microwaves with living organisms in the context of widespread
      mobile telephony.

PMID- 18154278
TI  - Lewis acid-base interactions in weakly bound formaldehyde complexes with CO2,
      HCN, and FCN: considerations on the cooperative H-bonding effects.
AB  - Ab initio quantum chemistry calculations reveal that HCN and mainly FCN can form
      Lewis acid-base complexes with formaldehyde associated with cooperative H bonds,
      as first noticed by Wallen et al. (Blatchford, M. A.; Raveendran, P.; Wallen, S.
      L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 14818-14819) for CO2-philic materials under
      supercritical conditions. The present results, obtained with MP2(Full)/aug-cc
      pVDZ calculations, show that the degeneracy of the nu(2) mode in free HCN or FCN
      is removed upon complexation in the same fashion as that of CO2. The splitting of
      these bands along with the electron structure analysis provides substantial
      evidence of the interaction of electron lone pairs of the carbonyl oxygen with
      the electron-deficient carbon atom of the cyanides. Also, this work investigates
      the role of H bonds acting as additional stabilizing interactions in the
      complexes by performing the energetic and geometric characterization.

PMID- 18154279
TI  - Observation of entropic effect on conformation changes of complex systems under
      well-controlled temperature conditions.
AB  - We report direct observation of an entropic effect in determining the folding of
      a linear dicarboxylate dianion with a flexible aliphatic chain [(-)O(2)C
      (CH(2))(6)-CO(2)(-)] by photoelectron spectroscopy as a function of temperature
      (18-300 K) and degree of solvation from 1 to 18 water molecules. A folding
      transition is observed to occur at 16 solvent water molecules at room temperature
      and at 14 solvent molecules below 120 K due to the entropic effect. The (-)O(2)C
      (CH(2))(6)-CO(2)(-)(H(2)O)(14) hydrated cluster exhibits interesting temperature
      dependent behaviors, and its ratio of folded over linear conformations can be
      precisely controlled as a function of temperature, yielding the enthalpy and
      entropy differences between the two conformations. A folding barrier is observed
      at very low temperatures, resulting in kinetic trapping of the linear
      conformation. The current work provides a simple model system to study the
      dynamics and entropic effect in complex systems and may be important for
      understanding the hydration and conformation changes of biological molecules.

PMID- 18154280
TI  - Receptor-based virtual ligand screening for the identification of novel CDC25
      phosphatase inhibitors.
AB  - CDC25 phosphatases play critical roles in cell cycle regulation and are
      attractive targets for anticancer therapies. Several small non-peptide molecules
      are known to inhibit CDC25, but many of them appear to form a covalent bond with
      the enzyme or act through oxidation of the thiolate group of the catalytic
      cysteine. Structure-based virtual ligand screening computations were performed
      with FRED, Surflex, and LigandFit, a compound collection of over 310,000 druglike
      molecules and the crystal structure of CDC25B in order to identify novel classes
      of ligands. In vitro experiments carried out on a selected list of 1500 molecules
      led to the discovery of 99 compounds able to inhibit CDC25B activity at 100
      microM. Further docking computations were applied, allowing us to propose a
      binding mode for the most potent molecule (IC50 = 13 microM). Our best compounds
      represent promising new classes of CDC25 inhibitors that also exhibit
      antiproliferative properties.

PMID- 18154281
TI  - Solvent effects on internal conversions and intersystem crossings: the
      radiationless de-excitation of acrolein in water.
AB  - An extended version of the averaged solvent electrostatic potential from
      molecular dynamics data (ASEP/MD) method oriented to the study of the solvent
      effects on internal conversion and intersystem crossing processes is presented.
      The method allows for the location of crossing points between free energy
      surfaces both in equilibrium and in frozen solvent conditions. The ground and
      excited states of the solute molecule are described at the complete active space
      self-consistent field (CASSCF) level while the solvent structure is obtained from
      molecular dynamics simulations. As an application, we studied the nonradiative de
      excitation of s-trans-acrolein 1(n --> pi*) in aqueous solution. We found that
      the solvent modifies the relative stability of the different crossing points but
      not enough as to alter the relative order of stability with respect to the in
      vacuo situation. The relaxation through an equilibrium path involves a strong
      solvent reorganization. On the contrary, the nonequilibrium path does not involve
      solvent motion and the de-excitation could proceed with the same speed as in
      vacuo.

PMID- 18154283
TI  - Trotter-based simulation of quantum-classical dynamics.
AB  - Quantum rate processes in condensed phase systems are often computed by combining
      quantum and classical descriptions of the dynamics. An algorithm for simulating
      the quantum-classical Liouville equation, which describes the dynamics of a
      quantum subsystem coupled to a classical bath, is presented in this paper. The
      algorithm is based on a Trotter decomposition of the quantum-classical
      propagator, in conjunction with Monte Carlo sampling of quantum transitions, to
      yield a surface-hopping representation of the dynamics. An expression for the
      nonadiabatic propagator that is responsible for quantum transitions and
      associated bath momentum changes is derived in a form that is convenient for
      Monte Carlo sampling and exactly conserves the total energy of the system in
      individual trajectories. The expectation values of operators or quantum
      correlation functions can be evaluated by initial sampling of quantum states and
      use of quantum-classical Liouville dynamics for the time evolution. The algorithm
      is tested by calculations on the spin-boson model, for which exact quantum
      results are available, and is shown to reproduce the exact results for stronger
      nonadiabatic coupling and much longer times using fewer trajectories than other
      schemes for simulating quantum-classical Liouville dynamics.

PMID- 18154282
TI  - Prediction of salt and mutational effects on the association rate of U1A protein
      and U1 small nuclear RNA stem/loop II.
AB  - We have developed a computational approach for predicting protein-protein
      association rates (Alsallaq and Zhou, Structure 2007, 15, 215). Here we expand
      the range of applicability of this approach to protein-RNA binding and report the
      first results for protein-RNA binding rates predicted from atomistic modeling.
      The system studied is the U1A protein and stem/loop II of the U1 small nuclear
      RNA. Experimentally it was observed that the binding rate is significantly
      reduced by increasing salt concentration while the dissociation changes little
      with salt concentration, and charges distant from the binding site make marginal
      contribution to the binding rate. These observations are rationalized. Moreover,
      predicted effects of salt and charge mutations are found to be in quantitative
      agreement with experimental results.

PMID- 18154284
TI  - Light scattering and luminescence studies on self-aggregation behavior of
      amphiphilic copolymer micelles.
AB  - The self-aggregation behavior of three amphiphilic graft copolymers, oligo(9,9
      dihexyl)fluorence-graft-poly(ethylene oxide) (OHF-g-PEO), with different
      architectures was studied by dynamic and static light scattering (DLS and SLS) in
      combination with fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy
      (TEM). The formation of self-assembled polymeric micelles was confirmed by SLS
      and TEM. DLS and SLS analyses showed that the architecture of graft copolymers
      has a dramatic effect on critical aggregation concentration (CAC), micelle size
      distribution, apparent aggregation number (Nagg app), and apparent molecular
      weight of polymer aggregates (Mw,agg app). An architecture-dependent excimer
      emission, resulting from the pi-pi stacking of the oligofluorene backbones, was
      also observed from the photoluminescence spectra of the micelle aqueous
      solutions, which indicated a strong intermolecular interaction among the
      polymeric molecules. The excimer emission was further investigated by time
      resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.

PMID- 18154285
TI  - Concentration effects in "single-molecule" spectroscopy.
AB  - A concentration as low as 0.1 molecule per observation volume may not be small
      enough for single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency
      measurements of molecules diffusing through a laser spot. This result follows
      from a rigorous theory that takes many molecules into account. We consider the
      distributions of the number of photons (photon counting histograms) and show that
      multiple-molecule effects are pronounced at large photon counts even at low
      concentrations. FRET efficiency distributions reveal multiple-molecule effects at
      large threshold values. This might be misinterpreted as multiple conformational
      states. Multiple-molecule effects strongly depend on the brightness of
      fluorophores. A simple test is suggested to determine parameters for which the
      single-molecule description is applicable.

PMID- 18154286
TI  - Influence of substrate treatment on self-organized pattern formation by langmuir
      blodgett transfer.
AB  - Mesoscopic stripe patterns can be obtained by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) transfer of
      l-alpha-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) onto solid substrates. In order to
      investigate the influence of substrates on the pattern formation, silicon slides
      treated by different cleaning processes were taken as model systems. A shift in
      the transfer pressure range for patterning was observed between plasma- and RCA
      treated silicon. This can be explained with a model of equivalent states and
      taking into account the influence of microscale water films on the substrates.

PMID- 18154287
TI  - Strength of Calpha-H...O=C hydrogen bonds in transmembrane proteins.
AB  - A large number of Calpha-H...O contacts are present in transmembrane protein
      structures, but contribution of such interactions to protein stability is still
      not well understood. According to previous ab initio quantum calculations, the
      stabilization energy of a Calpha-H...O contact is about 2-3 kcal/mol. However,
      experimental studies on two different Calpha-H...O hydrogen bonds present in
      transmembrane proteins lead to conclusions that one contact is only weakly
      stabilizing and the other is not even stabilizing. We note that most previous
      computational studies were on optimized geometries of isolated molecules, but the
      experimental measurements were on those in the structural context of
      transmembrane proteins. In the present study, 263 Calpha-H...O=C contacts in
      alpha-helical transmembrane proteins were extracted from X-ray crystal
      structures, and interaction energies were calculated with quantum mechanical
      methods. The average stabilization energy of a Calpha-H...O=C interaction was
      computed to be 1.4 kcal/mol. About 13% of contacts were stabilizing by more than
      3 kcal/mol, and about 11% were destabilizing. Analysis of the relationships
      between energy and structure revealed four interaction patterns: three types of
      attractive cases in which additional Calpha-H...O or N-H...O contact is present
      and a type of repulsive case in which repulsion between two carbonyl oxygen atoms
      occur. Contribution of Calpha-H...O=C contacts to protein stability is roughly
      estimated to be greater than 5 kcal/mol per helix pair for about 16% of
      transmembrane helices but for only 3% of soluble protein helices. The
      contribution would be larger if Calpha-H...O contacts involving side chain oxygen
      were also considered.

PMID- 18154288
TI  - Electronic structure of the acetonitrile and acetonitrile dimer anions: a
      topological investigation.
AB  - Acetonitrile molecules are known for their intriguing ability to accommodate an
      excess electron in either a diffuse dipole-bound orbital, away from the valence
      electrons, or in its valence orbitals, depending on the environment. In this
      work, we report a computational investigation of the monomer and dimer
      acetonitrile anions, with the main goal of gaining further insight into the
      unusual electronic structure of these species. To this end, the topology of the
      electron density distribution has been examined in detail with the quantum theory
      of atoms in molecules (AIM). The excess electron is found to affect the topology
      of the electron density very differently for two dipole-bound-electron isomers of
      the acetonitrile dimer anion: for the head-to-tail isomer, the electron density
      simply decays away from the atomic nuclei, and the presence of the excess
      electron only manifests itself in the Laplacian of the electron density as a very
      diffuse region of "dipole-bound" charge concentration; in contrast, for the
      "solvated-electron" head-to-head isomer, a maximum of electron density without a
      corresponding atomic nucleus is observed, which topologically corresponds to a
      pseudo-atom of electron density. The acetonitrile dimer appears to be the
      smallest solvent cluster anion to exhibit such a non-nuclear attractor due to the
      presence of a solvated electron. Although the "solvated-electron" isomer is
      thermodynamically less stable than the head-to-tail isomer at 0 K, its floppy
      nature leads to a higher vibrational entropy that makes it the most stable
      acetonitrile dimer, anionic or neutral, above 150 K. As for the acetonitrile
      dimer anion with a valence-bound electron, its structure is characterized by
      acetonitrile molecules connected to each other at the cyanide carbon atoms; the
      AIM analysis reveals that, although this C-C bond is relatively weak, with an
      estimated bond order of 0.6, it possesses genuine covalent character and is not a
      "pseudo-bond" as previously speculated. We also report the first multireference
      electronic structure calculations of the valence-bound-electron acetonitrile
      monomer and dimer anions, the highest-level calculations of these species to
      date. The acetonitrile radical anion is unstable in the gas phase and is
      topologically characterized by a radical-like nonbonded charge concentration
      located at the cyanide carbon atom. Based on the results of the AIM analysis, the
      previously proposed resonance description of the valence-bound-electron
      acetonitrile anion is refined, and a new resonance description of the dimer anion
      is proposed. Overall, this work demonstrates the rich topological variety of the
      excess electron interacting with acetonitrile molecules, which manifests itself
      as charge concentrations, pseudo-atoms, and covalent bonds.

PMID- 18154289
TI  - An application of the "coloring problem": structure-composition-bonding
      relationships in the magnetocaloric materials LaFe13-xSix.
AB  - The LaFe(13)-(x)Si(x) (1.0 < or = x < or = 5.0) series is studied experimentally
      and theoretically to gain possible understanding for the relationships among
      geometrical structure, chemical composition, magnetic behavior, and physical
      properties as related to the magnetocaloric effect in these compounds. As the Si
      concentration increases, LaFe(13)-(x)Si(x) exhibits a structural transformation
      from the cubic NaZn(13) structure type to a tetragonal derivative due primarily
      to preferential ordering of Fe and Si atoms. At room temperature, LaFe(13)
      (x)Si(x) crystallize in the cubic structure for the range 1 < or = x < or = 2.6
      and in the tetragonal for 3.2 < or = x < or = 5. In the range 2.6 < or = x < or =
      3.2, it shows a two-phase mixture. Temperature-dependent single-crystal X-ray
      diffraction experiments near the corresponding Curie temperatures were performed
      on the room-temperature cubic phases to examine the origin of the large
      isothermal magnetic entropy changes. A thorough statistical and structural
      analysis of the data indicates that the noncentrosymmetric F43c space group
      provides a more adequate atomic arrangement than the centrosymmetric Fm3c space
      group. This change in space group leads to divergence for specific sets of Fe-Fe
      distances below the Curie temperature that arises from tilting of Fe-centered
      [Fe(12)-(x)Si(x)] icosahedra. The noncentrosymmetric space group also agrees with
      the predominance of icosahedral clusters lacking local inversion symmetry. From
      extended Huckel and tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital (TB-LMTO) electronic
      structure calculations on various model structures, the F43c model is more
      energetically favorable than the Fm3c model. Extended Huckel calculations on
      various icosahedral [Fe(12)-(n)Si(n)] (n = 1-5) clusters and TB-LMTO calculations
      on "LaFe(13)," LaFe(11)Si(2), and LaFe(9)Si(4) have also been carried out to
      study the effects of a main group element (Si) on stabilizing the cubic NaZn(13)
      type structure, influencing the transformation between cubic and tetragonal
      symmetries, and to study relationships among their chemical bonding and magnetic
      properties.

PMID- 18154290
TI  - Insertion of CO2, ketones, and aldehydes into the C-Li bond of 1,3,5-triaza-7
      phosphaadamantan-6-yllithium.
AB  - The synthesis and structures of a series of new water-soluble phosphine ligands
      based on 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) are described. Insertion of
      aldehydes or ketones into the C-Li bond of 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantan-6
      yllithium (PTA-Li) resulted in the formation of a series of slightly water
      soluble beta-phosphino alcohols (PTA-CRR'OH, R = C6H5, C(6)H(4)OCH(3),
      ferrocenyl; R' = H, C(6)H(5), C(6)H(4)OCH(3)) derived from the heterocyclic
      phosphine PTA. Insertion of CO(2) yielded the highly water-soluble carboxylate
      PTA-CO(2)Li, S(2)5 degrees approximately 800 g/L. The compounds have been fully
      characterized in the solid state by X-ray crystallography and in solution by
      multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The addition of PTA-Li to symmetric ketones
      results in a racemic mixture of PTA-CR(2)OH ligands with a single resonance in
      the (31)P{(1)H} NMR spectrum between -95 and -97 ppm. The addition of PTA-Li to
      aldehydes results in a mixture of diasteromeric compounds, PTA-CHROH, with two
      (31)P{(1)H} NMR resonances between -100 and -106 ppm. Three (eta(6)
      arene)RuCl(2)(PTA-CRR'OH) complexes of these ligands were synthesized and
      characterized, with the ligands binding in a kappa1 coordination mode. All the
      ligands and ruthenium complexes are slightly soluble in water with S25 degrees =
      3.9-11.1 g/L for the PTA-CRR'OH ligands and S(25) degrees = 3.3-14.1 g/L for the
      (eta(6)-arene)RuCl(2)(PTA-CRR'OH) complexes.

PMID- 18154291
TI  - Understanding inflections and steps in carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms in
      metal-organic frameworks.

PMID- 18154294
TI  - Effective concentration as a tool for quantitatively addressing preorganization
      in multicomponent assemblies: application to the selective complexation of
      lanthanide cations.
AB  - The beneficial entropic effect, which may be expected from the connection of
      three tridentate binding units to a strain-free covalent tripod for complexing
      nine-coordinate cations (Mz+ = Ca2+, La3+, Eu3+, Lu3+), is quantitatively
      analyzed by using a simple thermodynamic additive model. The switch from pure
      intermolecular binding processes, characterizing the formation of the triple
      helical complexes [M(L2)3]z+, to a combination of inter- and intramolecular
      complexation events in [M(L8)]z+ shows that the ideal structural fit observed in
      [M(L8)]z+ indeed masks large energetic constraints. This limitation is evidenced
      by the faint effective concentrations, ceff, which control the intramolecular
      ring-closing reactions operating in [M(L8)]z+. This predominence of the
      thermodynamic approach over the usual structural analysis agrees with the
      hierarchical relationships linking energetics and structures. Its simple
      estimation by using a single microscopic parameter, ceff, opens novel
      perspectives for the molecular tuning of specific receptors for the recognition
      of large cations, a crucial point for the programming of heterometallic f-f
      complexes under thermodynamic control.

PMID- 18154295
TI  - Efficient control of pi-alkyne and vinylidene complex pathways for the W(CO)5(L)
      catalyzed synthesis of two types of nitrogen-containing bicyclic compounds.
AB  - When omega-acetylenic dienol silyl ethers containing NMs part in the tether were
      treated with a catalytic amount of W(CO)6 under photoirradiation, 2
      azabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes were obtained in good yield via pi-alkyne complexes. On
      the other hand, treatment of the same substrates with a catalytic amount of
      W(CO)6 in the presence of n-Bu3N under the same reaction conditions gave 3
      azabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes in good yield exclusively via vinylidene complexes.
      Thus, the pi-alkyne and vinylidene complex pathways are easily controlled by
      using a catalytic amount of W(CO)5(L) and an amine.

PMID- 18154296
TI  - Ionophilic phosphines: versatile ligands for ionic liquid biphasic catalysis.
AB  - Phosphine ligands bearing an imidazolium fragment were easily prepared by one
      step radical chain addition of secondary phosphines to allyl or vinyl imidazolium
      salts. These ligands were used to prepare new ionophilic second generation Grubbs
      type catalysts. The catalyst immobilized in 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium ILs
      shows good catalytic activity in RCM reactions of several substrates and,
      depending on the media employed, is stable up to eight cycles.

PMID- 18154297
TI  - Synthesis of multisubstituted 2-(dihydrofuran-2(3H)-ylidene)acetates via
      intramolecular carboalkoxylation by platinum-olefin catalyst system.
AB  - The cyclization of 6-(1-alkoxyethyl)hex-2-ynoates in the presence of a platinum
      olefin catalyst system gave the corresponding multisubstituted 2-(dihydrofuran
      2(3H)-ylidene)acetates in good to high yields. The Z/E selectivity is controlled
      by the electronic property of the ester group; the 2,2,2-trichloroethyl ester led
      to the Z isomer, while the phenyl ester gave the E isomer.

PMID- 18154298
TI  - Synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted piperazines by a diastereoselective palladium
      catalyzed hydroamination reaction.
AB  - A highly diastereoselective intramolecular hydroamination is the key step in a
      modular synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted piperazines. The requisite hydroamination
      substrates were prepared in excellent yields by nucleophilic displacement of
      cyclic sulfamidates derived from amino acids. A variety of alkyl and aryl
      substituents at the 2-position were tolerated. The stereochemistry of the
      piperazines was determined to be trans by X-ray crystallography, which also
      showed the preferred conformation of the 2,6-disubstituted piperazine to be a
      twist-boat due to A(1,3) strain.

PMID- 18154299
TI  - 3-bromozinc propenyl esters: an experimental and theoretical study of the unique
      stereocrossover observed in their addition to aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes.
AB  - We report the results of a combined experimental and theoretical study on the
      reaction of 3-bromopropenyl acetate in the presence of zinc with three different
      aldehydes (i.e., benzaldehyde, 2-methylpropanal, and cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde).
      A 80% de in favor of the anti product has been experimentally observed with both
      saturated aldehydes, while for benzaldehyde, a 1:1 syn/anti ratio has been found.
      DFT computations show the existence of three eta1-allylic organozinc complexes
      [gamma-(Z)-5a, gamma-(E)-5a, and alpha-5a], very close in energy. Only gamma-(Z)
      5a and gamma-(E)-5a lead to the observed product. The computational investigation
      of the reaction of these allylic organozinc complexes with benzaldehyde and 2
      methylpropanal demonstrates in both cases the existence of two competitive
      reaction paths leading to the syn and anti adducts, respectively. An anti
      preference has been found for 2-methylpropanal with both gamma-(Z)-5a and gamma
      (E)-5a species (a diastereoselectivity larger than 80% is predicted), in
      agreement with the experiment. With benzaldehyde, while the reaction of gamma-(Z)
      5a retains an anti-stereopreference (de = 70%), that involving gamma-(E)-5a is
      characterized by two degenerate transition states. In this case, the agreement
      between computations and experiments would be satisfactory under the assumption
      that the initial oxidative addition affords the gamma-(E)-5a zinc complex only.
      Additional MP2 computations have demonstrated that pi-stacking interactions can
      play a significant role in determining the relative energy of the transition
      states leading to the syn and anti products.

PMID- 18154300
TI  - Stable ion NMR and GIAO-DFT study of novel cations from 8,16
      dicyano[2.2]metacyclophanedienes and from strategically substituted/benzannelated
      dihydropyrenes: charge-induced tropicity modulation and pi-switching.
AB  - The dicyanometacyclophanediene 1 is diprotonated at the cyano groups (1H2 2+) in
      various superacid media. Upon quenching, intact 1 and the ring-closed CPD 2 were
      obtained in a 3:2 or 3:1 ratio, depending on the superacid system. Compound 2
      undergoes ring opening in the superacid to give the ipso-monoprotonated 2H+,
      which on quenching furnishes 1-cyanopyrene as a major product together with 2 and
      1. The dication 3 2+, with strongly deshielded internal methyls, was generated
      from the epoxyannulene 3. Ketones 4-6 and ester 7 are O/C diprotonated to give
      paratropic carboxonium-annulenium dications (4H2 2+, 5H2 2+, 6H2 2+, and 7H2 2+,
      respectively). Ester 8 gives a trication by two-electron oxidation and O
      protonation. Conjugated carboxylic acid 9 gives a mixture of two dications by CO
      and ring protonation. The dibromo derivatives 10 and 11 form carboxonium ions,
      whereas the monobromo derivative 12 is O/C diprotonated to give an oxonium
      annulenium dication. Charge delocalization modes and tropicity in the resulting
      species are evaluated by NMR and GIAO-DFT. Facile formation of 2 from 1 in
      quenching experiments indicates that thermal closing can be achieved with the
      diprotonated dinitrile, without imposing skeletal rearrangement.

PMID- 18154301
TI  - Suppressing the thermal metacyclophanediene to dihydropyrene isomerization:
      synthesis and rearrangement of 8,16-dicyano[2.2]metacyclophane-1,9-diene and
      evidence supporting the proposed biradicaloid mechanism.
AB  - Synthesis of 8,16-dicyano-anti-[2.2]metacyclophane-1,9-diene, 1b, was achieved in
      five steps from 1,3-bis(bromomethyl)benzonitrile. Unlike most
      metacyclophanedienes which easily thermally isomerize (tau 1/2 = minutes to days
      at 20 degrees C) to dihydropyrenes 2, dinitrile 1b shows no tendency to convert
      thermally to 2b at room temperature (tau 1/2 > 30 years), consistent with
      predictions based on calculation of activation barriers. Irradiation of
      cyclophanediene 1b with UV light readily forms the dinitriledihydropyrene 2b,
      which unexpectedly shows a much more facile (50 degrees C) 1,5-sigmatropic
      rearrangement of the internal nitrile groups to give dihydropyrenes 9b and then
      10b than is the case for internal methyl substituents, 2a, which forms 9a at
      temperatures above 190 degrees C. Synthesis of the 2-formyl derivative 1c and the
      2-naphthoyl derivative 1d are also described. These substituents were predicted
      to lower the activation barrier for the thermal closing reaction to the
      corresponding dihydropyrenes, and experimental evidence supports these
      calculations.

PMID- 18154302
TI  - A highly selective tandem cross-coupling of gem-dihaloolefins for a modular,
      efficient synthesis of highly functionalized indoles.
AB  - A highly efficient method of indole synthesis using gem-dihalovinylaniline
      substrates and an organoboron reagent was developed via a Pd-catalyzed tandem
      intramolecular amination and an intermolecular Suzuki coupling. Aryl, alkenyl,
      and alkyl boron reagents are all successfully employed, making for a versatile
      modular approach. The reaction tolerates a variety of substitution patterns on
      the aniline leading to indoles with group at C2-C7. The orthogonal approach of
      the sequential copper- and palladium-mediated synthesis of 1,2-diarylindoles
      exploited the wide availability of diverse organoboron reagents.

PMID- 18154303
TI  - Chair to boat interconversion and face to face interactions in isomeric aryl
      substituted perhydrocyclopentaquinolizines.
AB  - The structure and the conformation of the two isomeric 3,5-di(4
      methoxyphenyl)perhydrocyclopenta[ij]quinolizines 1 and 2 have been determined by
      a combination of NOE experiments, analysis of vicinal J coupling constants, and
      DFT computations. The two aryl rings were found to exhibit a face to face
      disposition, and variable-temperature NMR spectra allowed the determination of
      the corresponding rotation barriers, as well as chair to boat and nitrogen
      inversion processes of the quinolizine rings. The structure and the conformation
      of the two corresponding ammonium salts 1-H+ and 2-H+ were also obtained in
      solution by the same techniques: in addition, their solid-state structures were
      determined by X-ray diffraction.

PMID- 18154304
TI  - Synthesis and evaluation of derrubone and select analogues.
AB  - Recently, we reported that the natural product derrubone exhibits Hsp90
      inhibitory activity. Due to its unique architectural scaffold and proposed rapid
      assembly, the synthesis of this natural product was pursued with the aim of
      identifying structure--activity relationships. Synthesis of the natural product
      was accomplished in eight highly convergent steps, which led to a facile method
      for the construction of related compounds. Biological evaluation of derrubone and
      its analogues identified several compounds that exhibit low micromolar inhibitory
      activity against breast and colon cancer cell lines.

PMID- 18154305
TI  - Solid-contact electrochemical polyion sensors for monitoring peptidase
      activities.
AB  - We report here on improved solid-contact electrochemical polyion sensors for the
      detection of polyion protamine. The polymeric membrane sensors were fabricated
      with a conducting polymer as an ion-electron transduction layer. We observed that
      decreasing the magnitude of the applied current pulse caused a significant
      improvement of the sensor sensitivity to low protamine levels. The protamine
      sensors exhibited a stable and reversible response to protamine concentrations
      ranging from 0.05 to 30 mg L-1. The sensors were used for monitoring peptidase
      activities utilizing galvanostatically controlled solid-contact membrane sensors.
      The polyion protamine was used as a substrate to detect the activity of the
      protease trypsin. The enzyme activity was continuously monitored by measuring the
      protamine concentration as it is cleaved by enzyme into smaller fragments to
      which the sensor is less sensitive. In the presence of a given level of protamine
      the initial rate of reaction can be linearly related to the trypsin activity
      within a 0-5 U mL-1 concentration range. The interference with the enzymatic
      reaction product arginine was specifically examined.

PMID- 18154307
TI  - Thermodynamic basis for the stabilities of three CutA1s from Pyrococcus
      horikoshii,Thermus thermophilus, and Oryza sativa, with unusually high
      denaturation temperatures.
AB  - In order to elucidate the stabilization mechanism of CutA1 from Pyrococcus
      horikoshii (PhCutA1) with a denaturation temperature of nearly 150 degrees C,
      GuHCl denaturation and heat denaturation were examined at neutral and acidic pHs.
      As a comparison, CutA1 proteins from Thermus thermophilus (TtCutA1) and Oryza
      sativa (OsCutA1) were also examined, which have lower optimum growth temperatures
      of 75 and 28 degrees C, respectively, than that (98 degrees C) of P. horikoshii.
      GuHCl-induced unfolding and refolding curves of the three proteins showed
      hysteresis effects due to an unusually slow unfolding rate. The midpoints of
      refolding for PhCutA1, TtCutA1 and OsCutA1 were 5.7 M, 3.3 M, and 2.3 M GuHCl,
      respectively, at pH 8.0 and 37 degrees C. DSC experiments with TtCutA1 and
      OsCutA1 showed that the denaturation temperatures were remarkably high, 112.8 and
      97.3 degrees C, respectively, at pH 7.0 and that the good heat reversibility was
      amenable to thermodynamic analyses. At acidic pH, TtCutA1 showed higher stability
      to both heat and denaturant than PhCutA1. Combined with the data for DSC and
      denaturant denaturation, the unfolding Gibbs energy of PhCutA1 could be depicted
      as a function of temperature. It was experimentally revealed that (1) the
      unusually high stability of PhCutA1 basically originates from a common trimer
      structure of the three proteins, (2) the stability of PhCutA1 is superior to
      those of the other two CutA1s over all temperatures above 0 degrees C at neutral
      pH, due to the decrease in both enthalpy and entropy, and (3) ion pairs of
      PhCutA1 contribute to the unusually high stability at neutral pH.

PMID- 18154306
TI  - Detection of kinase translocation using microfluidic electroporative flow
      cytometry.
AB  - Directed localization of kinases within cells is important for their activation
      and involvement in signal transduction. Detection of these events has been
      largely carried out based on imaging of a low number of cells and subcellular
      fractionation/Western blotting. These conventional techniques either lack the
      high throughput desired for probing an entire cell population or provide only the
      average behaviors of cell populations without information from single cells. Here
      we demonstrate a new tool, referred to as microfluidic electroporative flow
      cytometry, to detect the translocation of an EGFP-tagged tyrosine kinase, Syk, to
      the plasma membrane in B cells at the level of the cell population. We combine
      electroporation with flow cytometry and observe the release of intracellular
      kinase out of the cells during electroporation. We found that the release of the
      kinase was strongly influenced by its subcellular localization. Cells stimulated
      through the antigen receptor have a fraction of the kinase at the plasma membrane
      and retain more kinase after electroporation than do cells without stimulation
      and translocation. We are able to differentiate a cell population with
      translocation from one without it with the information collected from individual
      cells of the entire population. This technique potentially allows detection of
      protein translocation at the single-cell level. Due to the frequent involvement
      of kinase translocations in disease processes such as oncogenesis, our approach
      will have utility for kinase-related drug discovery and tumor diagnosis and
      staging.

PMID- 18154308
TI  - Template-assembled triple-helical peptide molecules: mimicry of collagen by
      molecular architecture and integrin-specific cell adhesion.
AB  - Most proteins fold into specific structures to exert their biological functions,
      and therefore the creation of protein-like molecular architecture is a
      fundamental prerequisite toward realizing a novel biologically active protein
      like biomaterial. To do this with an artificial collagen, we have engineered a
      peptide template characterized by its collagen-like primary structure composed of
      Gly-Phe-Gly-Glu-Glu-Gly sequence to assemble (Pro-Hyp-Gly)n (n = 3 and 5) into
      triple-helical conformations that resemble the native structure of collagen. The
      peptide template has three carboxyl groups connected to the N-termini of three
      collagen peptides. The coupling was accomplished by a simple and direct branching
      protocol without complex strategies. A series of biophysical studies, including
      melting curve analyses and CD and NMR spectroscopy, demonstrated the presence of
      stable triple-helical conformation in the template-assembled (Pro-Hyp-Gly)3 and
      (Pro-Hyp-Gly)5 solution. Conversely, nontemplated peptides showed no evidence of
      assembly of triple-helical structure. A cell binding sequence (Gly-Phe-Hyp-Gly
      Glu-Arg) derived from the collagen alpha1(I) chain was incorporated to mimic the
      integrin-specific cell adhesion of collagen. Cell adhesion and inhibition assays
      and immunofluorescence staining revealed a correlation of triple-helical
      conformation with cellular recognition of collagen mimetics in an integrin
      specific way. This study offers a robust strategy for engineering native-like
      peptide-based biomaterials, fully composed of only amino acids, by maintaining
      protein conformation integrity and biological activity.

PMID- 18154309
TI  - Function of MoaB proteins in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum and tungsten
      cofactors.
AB  - Molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) enzymes catalyze important redox reactions in
      the global carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles. Except in nitrogenases both
      metals are exclusively associated with a unique metal-binding pterin (MPT) that
      is synthesized by a conserved multistep biosynthetic pathway, which ends with the
      insertion and thereby biological activation of the respective element. Although
      the biosynthesis of Mo cofactors has been intensively studied in various systems,
      the biogenesis of W-containing enzymes, mostly found in archaea, is poorly
      understood. Here, we describe the function of the Pyrococcus furiosus MoaB
      protein that is homologous to bacterial (such as MogA) and eukaryotic proteins
      (such as Cnx1) involved in the final steps of Mo cofactor synthesis. MoaB
      reconstituted the function of the homologous Escherichia coli MogA protein and
      catalyzes the adenylylation of MPT in a Mg2+ and ATP-dependent way. At room
      temperature reaction velocity was similar to that of the previously described
      plant Cnx1G domain, but it was increased up to 20-fold at 80 degrees C. Metal and
      nucleotide specificity for MPT adenylylation is well conserved between W and Mo
      cofactor synthesis. Thermostability of MoaB is believed to rely on its hexameric
      structure, whereas homologous mesophilic MogA-related proteins form trimers.
      Comparison of P. furiosus MoaB to E. coli MoaB and MogA revealed that only MogA
      is able to catalyze MPT adenylylation, whereas E. coli MoaB is inactive. In
      summary, MogA, Cnx1G, and MoaB proteins exhibit the same adenylyl transfer
      activity essential for metal insertion in W or Mo cofactor maturation.

PMID- 18154310
TI  - Nonlinear microrheology: bulk stresses versus direct interactions.
AB  - In passive microrheology, the linear viscoelastic properties of complex fluids
      are inferred from the Brownian motion of colloidal tracer particles. Active (but
      gentle) forcing may also be used to obtain such linear-response information. More
      significant forcing may drive the material significantly out of equilibrium, thus
      potentially providing a window into the nonlinear response properties of the
      material. In leaving the linear-response regime, however, the theoretical
      underpinning for passive microrheology is lost, and a variety of issues arise.
      Most generally, what exactly can be measured, and how can such measurements be
      interpreted? Here we motivate and discuss a variety of theoretical issues facing
      the interpretation of active microrheology. First, in the continuum limit, the
      inhomogeneous velocity field around the probe gives rise to rheological
      inhomogeneities, whereupon an assumed generalized Stokes drag yields a weighted
      average of the viscosities around the probe rather than the (homogeneous)
      viscosity measured macroscopically. We then explicitly treat the material
      microstructure using a model system (a large colloidal probe pulled through a
      dilute suspension of small bath particles). We examine the different sources of
      stress upon the probe particle (e.g., direct probe-bath collisions as well as
      microstructural deformations within the bulk suspension) and discuss their analog
      (or lack thereof) in the corresponding macrorheological system. We discuss
      several crucial issues for the interpretation of nonlinear microrheology: (1) how
      to interpret the inhomogeneous and nonviscometric nature of the deformation field
      around the probe, (2) the distinction between direct and bulk stresses and their
      deconvolution, and (3) the (Lagrangian) time-dependent nature of the stress
      histories experienced by material elements as they advect past the probe. Having
      identified these issues, we briefly discuss adaptations of the basic technique to
      recover bulk rheology more faithfully. Whereas we specifically discuss a model
      colloidal suspension, we ultimately envision a technique capable of measuring the
      nonlinear rheology of general materials.

PMID- 18154311
TI  - A topography/chemical composition gradient polystyrene surface: toward the
      investigation of the relationship between surface wettability and surface
      structure and chemical composition.
AB  - In this paper, we have prepared of a topography/chemical composition gradient
      polystyrene (PS) surface, i.e., an orthogonal gradient surface, to investigate
      the relationship between surface wettability and surface structure and chemical
      composition. The prepared surface shows a one-dimensional gradient in wettability
      in the x, y, and diagonal directions, including hydrophobic to hydrophilic,
      superhydrophobic to hydrophobic, superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic gradients,
      and so forth. These one-dimensional gradients have different gradient values,
      gradient range, and contact angle hysteresis, which lie on both the surface
      roughness and the surface compositions. From the trend of variation of contact
      angle hysteresis, it can be concluded that the transition from the Cassie's model
      to the Wenzel's model occurs both by decreasing surface roughness and by
      increasing surface hydrophilic compositions. Moreover, the transition is more
      effective via changing surface chemical composition than changing surface
      roughness herein.

PMID- 18154312
TI  - Novel "lipid-flow chip" configuration to determine donor-to-acceptor ratio
      dependent fluorescence resonance energy transfer efficiency.
AB  - We report on the determination of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)
      efficiency, which is dependent on the donor-to-acceptor (D-A) ratio, by using a
      new type of microchannel device called a "lipid-flow chip". The chip comprises
      two supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) that self-spread from either side of 10
      microm wide straight lines and carry molecules embedded in them. We first show
      that the diffusion process that occurs when the two SLBs collide with each other
      in the channel and form a unified SLB can be expressed by a one-dimensional
      diffusion equation. Next we describe a method for determining the FRET efficiency
      between NBD (donor) and Texas Red (acceptor) from observations using the lipid
      flow chip by employing a one-dimensional diffusion model. The advantages of our
      method are that all the D-A ratios are achieved in one chip, and a large number
      of data are recorded in one chip. The FRET efficiency varies depending on the D-A
      ratio under conditions whereby the concentration of the sum of the donors and
      acceptors is constant. The Forster radius is also estimated from our results
      using a known model describing two-dimensional FRET systems, which yields a
      radius consistent with the previously reported value for NBD and Texas Red.

PMID- 18154313
TI  - Functionalized silicone nanofilaments: a novel material for selective protein
      enrichment.
AB  - We present a simple and versatile technique of tailoring functionalized surface
      structures for protein enrichment and purification applications based on a
      superhydrophobic silicone nanofilament coating. Using amino and carboxyl group
      containing silanes, silicone nanofilament templates were chemically modified to
      mimic anionic and cationic exchange resins. Investigations on the selectivity of
      the functionalized surfaces toward adsorption of charged model proteins were
      carried out by means of fluorescence techniques. Due to a high contact area
      resulting from the nanoroughness of the coating, excellent protein retention
      characteristics under various conditions were found. The surfaces were shown to
      be highly stable and reusable over several retention-elution cycles. Especially
      the full optical transparency and the possibility to use glass substrates as
      support material open new opportunities for the development of optical
      biosensors, open geometry microfluidics, or lab-on-a-chip devices.

PMID- 18154314
TI  - Improved surface modification approach for micromechanical biosensors.
AB  - We have investigated the sensing performance of protein-based microcantilever
      biosensors prepared from multiple surface conjugation chemistries. The 11
      mercaptoundecanoic acid monolayers were prepared according to both traditional
      and modified processes. In three protein-based biosensors, the modified process
      improved microcantilever sensing performance by increasing the bending amplitude,
      a critical step toward developing a cost-effective microcantilever-based sensor
      platform for medical diagnostics and environmental and drug screening
      applications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated that
      proteins immobilized on the microcantilever surface using the modified chemistry
      approach formed a compact layer.

PMID- 18154315
TI  - Raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized graphene sheets.
AB  - We investigate Raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized graphene sheets
      with epoxy and hydroxyl groups and Stone-Wales and 5-8-5 defects by first
      principles calculations to interpret our experimental results. Only the
      alternating pattern of single-double carbon bonds within the sp2 carbon ribbons
      provides a satisfactory explanation for the experimentally observed blue shift of
      the G band of the Raman spectra relative to graphite. To obtain these single
      double bonds, it is necessary to have sp3 carbons on the edges of a zigzag carbon
      ribbon.

PMID- 18154316
TI  - Metal-enhanced fluorescence of chlorophylls in single light-harvesting complexes.
AB  - Ensemble and single-molecule spectroscopy demonstrates that both emission and
      absorption of peridinin-chlorophyll-protein photosynthetic antennae can be
      largely enhanced through plasmonic interactions. We find up to 18-fold increase
      of the chlorophyll fluorescence for complexes placed near a silver metal layer.
      This enhancement, which leaves no measurable effects on the protein structure, is
      observed when exciting either chlorophyll or carotenoid and is attributed
      predominantly to an increase of the excitation rate in the antenna. The
      enhancement mechanism comes from plasmon-induced amplification of electromagnetic
      fields inside the complex. This result is an important step toward applying
      plasmonic nanostructures for controlling the optical response of complex
      biomolecules and improving the design and functioning of artificial light
      harvesting systems.

PMID- 18154317
TI  - Unusually strong H-bonding to the heme ligand and fast geminate recombination
      dynamics of the carbon monoxide complex of Bacillus subtilis truncated
      hemoglobin.
AB  - The active site of the oxygen-avid truncated hemoglobin from Bacillus subtilis
      has been characterized by infrared absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopies,
      and the dynamics of CO rebinding after photolysis has been investigated by
      picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Resonance Raman experiments on the
      CO bound adduct revealed the presence of two Fe-CO stretching bands at 545 and
      520 cm-1, respectively. Accordingly, two C-O stretching bands at 1924 and 1888 cm
      1 were observed in infrared absorption and resonance Raman measurements. The very
      low C-O stretching frequency at 1888 cm-1 (corresponding to the extremely high RR
      stretching frequency at 545 cm-1) indicates unusually strong hydrogen bonding
      between CO and distal residues. On the basis of a comparison with other truncated
      hemoglobin it is envisaged that the two CO conformers are determined by specific
      interactions with the TrpG8 and TyrB10 residues. Mutation of TrpG8 to Leu deeply
      alters the hydrogen-bonding network giving rise mainly to a CO conformer
      characterized by a Fe-CO stretching band at 489 cm-1 and a CO stretching band at
      1958 cm-1. Picosecond laser photolysis experiments carried out on the CO bound
      adduct revealed dynamical processes that take place within a few nanoseconds
      after photolysis. Picosecond dynamics is largely dominated by CO geminate
      rebinding and is consistent with strong H-bonding contributions of TyrB10 and
      TrpG8 to ligand stabilization.

PMID- 18154318
TI  - NMR analysis of interaction of LqhalphaIT scorpion toxin with a peptide
      corresponding to the D4/S3-S4 loop of insect para voltage-gated sodium channel.
AB  - Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) are large transmembrane proteins that
      initiate action potential in electrically excitable cells. This central role in
      the nervous system has made them a primary target for a large number of
      neurotoxins. Scorpion alpha-neurotoxins bind to Navs with high affinity and slow
      their inactivation, causing a prolonged action potential. Despite the similarity
      in their mode of action and three-dimensional structure, alpha-toxins exhibit
      great variations in selectivity toward insect and mammalian Navs, suggesting
      differences in the binding surfaces of the toxins and the channels. The scorpion
      alpha-toxin binding site, termed neurotoxin receptor site 3, has been shown to
      involve the extracellular S3-S4 loop in domain 4 of the alpha-subunit of voltage
      gated sodium channels (D4/S3-S4). In this study, the binding site for peptides
      corresponding to the D4/S3-S4 loop of the para insect Nav was mapped on the
      highly insecticidal alpha-neurotoxin, LqhalphaIT, from the scorpion Leiurus
      quinquestriatus hebraeus, by following changes in the toxin amide 1H and 15N
      chemical shifts upon binding. This analysis suggests that the five-residue turn
      (residues LqK8-LqC12) of LqhalphaIT and those residues in its vicinity interact
      with the D4/S3-S4 loop of Nav. Residues LqR18, LqW38, and LqA39 could also form a
      patch contributing to the interaction with D4/S3-S4. Moreover, a new bioactive
      residue, LqV13, was identified as being important for Nav binding and
      specifically for the interaction with the D4/S3-S4 loop. The contribution of
      LqV13 to NaV binding was further verified by mutagenesis. Future studies
      involving other extracellular regions of Navs are required for further
      characterization of the structure of the LqhalphaIT-Navs binding site.

PMID- 18154320
TI  - Structure of alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase from Streptococcus sp.: a template
      for the mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase.
AB  - The FAD-dependent alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase (GlpO) from Enterococcus
      casseliflavus and Streptococcus sp. was originally studied as a soluble
      flavoprotein oxidase; surprisingly, the GlpO sequence is 30-43% identical to
      those of the alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases (GlpDs) from mitochondrial and
      bacterial sources. The structure of a deletion mutant of Streptococcus sp. GlpO
      (GlpODelta, lacking a 50-residue insert that includes a flexible surface region)
      has been determined using multiwavelength anomalous dispersion data and refined
      at 2.3 A resolution. Using the GlpODelta structure as a search model, we have
      also determined the intact GlpO structure, as refined at 2.4 A resolution. The
      first two domains of the GlpO fold are most closely related to those of the
      flavoprotein glycine oxidase, where they function in FAD binding and substrate
      binding, respectively; the GlpO C-terminal domain consists of two helix bundles
      and is not closely related to any known structure. The flexible surface region in
      intact GlpO corresponds to a segment of missing electron density that links the
      substrate-binding domain to a betabetaalpha element of the FAD-binding domain. In
      accordance with earlier biochemical studies (stabilizations of the covalent FAD
      N5-sulfite adduct and p-quinonoid form of 8-mercapto-FAD), Ile430-N, Thr431-N,
      and Thr431-OG are hydrogen bonded to FAD-O2alpha in GlpODelta, stabilizing the
      negative charge in these two modified flavins and facilitating transfer of a
      hydride to FAD-N5 (from Glp) as well. Active-site overlays with the glycine
      oxidase-N-acetylglycine and d-amino acid oxidase-d-alanine complexes demonstrate
      that Arg346 of GlpODelta is structurally equivalent to Arg302 and Arg285,
      respectively; in both cases, these residues interact directly with the amino acid
      substrate or inhibitor carboxylate. The structural and functional divergence
      between GlpO and the bacterial and mitochondrial GlpDs is also discussed.

PMID- 18154319
TI  - Efficient removal of formamidopyrimidines by 8-oxoguanine glycosylases.
AB  - Under conditions of oxidative stress, the formamidopyrimidine lesions (FapyG and
      FapyA) are formed in competition with the corresponding 8-oxopurines (OG and OA)
      from a common intermediate. In order to reveal features of the repair of these
      lesions, and the potential contribution of repair in mitigating or exacerbating
      the mutagenic properties of Fapy lesions, their excision by three glycosylases,
      Fpg, hOGG1 and Ntg1, was examined in various base pair contexts under single
      turnover conditions. FapyG was removed at least as efficiently as OG by all three
      glycosylases. In addition, the rates of removal of FapyG by Fpg and hOGG1 were
      influenced by their base pair partner, with preference for removal when base
      paired with the correct Watson-Crick partner C. With the FapyA lesion, Fpg and
      Ntg1 catalyze its removal more readily than OG opposite all four natural bases.
      In contrast, the removal of FapyA by hOGG1 was not as robust as FapyG or OG, and
      was only significant when the lesion was paired with C. The discrimination by the
      various glycosylases with respect to the opposing base was highly dependent on
      the identity of the lesion. OG induced the greatest selectivity against its
      removal when part of a promutagenic base pair. The superb activity of the various
      OG glycosylases toward removal of FapyG and FapyA in vitro suggests that these
      enzymes may act upon these oxidized lesions in vivo. The differences in the
      activity of the various glycosylases for removal of FapyG and FapyA compared to
      OG in nonmutagenic versus promutagenic base pair contexts may serve to alter the
      mutagenic profiles of these lesions in vivo.

PMID- 18154321
TI  - Differential GATA factor stabilities: implications for chromatin occupancy by
      structurally similar transcription factors.
AB  - Whereas the transcription factors GATA-1 and GATA-2 function both uniquely and
      redundantly to control blood cell development, the process termed hematopoiesis,
      mechanisms underlying their unique versus common functions are poorly understood.
      We used two independent assays to demonstrate that GATA-1 is considerably more
      stable than GATA-2 in multiple cellular contexts, even though both factors are
      subject to degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Studies with GATA
      factor mutants and novel chimeric GATA factors provided evidence that both GATA-1
      and GATA-2 have highly unstable zinc finger core modules. The GATA-1 and GATA-2 N
      termini both confer stabilization to their respective zinc finger core modules.
      In contrast, the GATA-1 and GATA-2 C-termini confer stabilization and
      destabilization, respectively. As GATA-2 stabilization via proteasome inhibition
      impairs the capacity of GATA-1 to displace GATA-2 from endogenous chromatin
      sites, we propose that differential GATA factor stability is an important
      determinant of chromatin target site occupancy and therefore the establishment of
      genetic networks that control hematopoiesis.

PMID- 18154322
TI  - Formation of phenoxy and cyclopentadienyl radicals from the gas-phase pyrolysis
      of phenol.
AB  - The formation of radicals from the gas-phase pyrolysis of phenol over a
      temperature range of 400-1000 degrees C was studied using the technique of low
      temperature matrix isolation electron paramagnetic resonance (LTMI EPR). Cooling
      the reactor effluent in a CO2 carrier gas to 77 K produces a cryogenic matrix
      that exhibits complex EPR spectra. However, annealing by slowly raising the
      matrix temperature yielded well-resolved, identifiable spectra. All annealed
      spectra over the temperature range of 700-1000 degrees C resulted in the
      generation of EPR spectra with six lines, hyperfine splitting constant
      approximately 6.0 G, g = 2.00430, and peak-to-peak width approximately 3 G that
      was readily assignable, based on comparison with the literature and theoretical
      calculations, as that of cyclopentadienyl radical. Annihilation procedures along
      with microwave power saturation experiments helped to clearly identify phenoxy
      radicals in the same temperature region. Conclusive identifications of
      cyclopentadienyl and phenoxy radicals were based on pure spectra of these
      radicals under the same experimental conditions generated from suitable
      precursors. Cyclopentadienyl is clearly the dominant radical at temperatures
      above 700 degrees C and is observed at temperatures as low as 400 degrees C. The
      low-temperature formation is attributed to heterogeneous initiation of phenol
      decomposition under very low pressure conditions. The high cyclopentadienyl to
      phenoxy ratio was consistent with the results of reaction kinetic modeling
      calculations using the CHEMKIN kinetic package and a phenol pyrolysis model
      adapted from the literature.

PMID- 18154323
TI  - Rotamerism, tautomerism, and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer in 2
      (4'-N,N-diethylamino-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazoles: novel benzimidazoles
      undergoing excited-state intramolecular coupled proton and charge transfer.
AB  - The solvent and temperature dependence of the phototautomerization of 1-methyl-2
      (2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (4) and the novel compounds 2-(4'-amino-2'
      hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (1), 2-(4'-N,N-diethylamino-2'
      hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (2), and 1-methyl-2-(4'-N,N-diethylamino-2'
      hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (3), together with the ground-state rotamerism and
      tautomerism of these new compounds, have been studied by UV-vis absorption
      spectroscopy and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. A
      solvent-modulated rotameric and tautomeric equilibrium is observed in the ground
      state for 1, 2, and 3. In cyclohexane, these compounds mainly exist as a planar
      syn normal form, with the hydroxyl group hydrogen-bonded to the benzimidazole N3.
      In ethanol, the syn form is in equilibrium with its planar anti rotamer (for 1
      and 2), with the phenyl ring rotated 180 degrees about the C2-C1' bond and with a
      nonplanar rotamer for compound 3. In aqueous solution, a tautomeric equilibrium
      is established between the anti normal form (or the nonplanar rotamer for 3) and
      the tautomer (with the hydroxyl proton transferred to the benzimidazole N3). The
      syn normal form of these compounds undergoes in all the solvents an excited-state
      intramolecular proton-transfer process from the hydroxyl group to the
      benzimidazole N3 to yield the excited tautomer. The tautomer fluorescence quantum
      yield of 2, 3, and 4 shows a temperature-, polarity-, and viscosity-dependent
      radiationless deactivation, connected with a large-amplitude conformational
      motion. We conclude that this excited-state conformational change experienced by
      the tautomer is associated with an intramolecular charge transfer from the
      deprotonated dialkylaminophenol or phenol (donor) to the protonated benzimidazole
      (acceptor), affording a nonfluorescent charge-transfer tautomer. Therefore, these
      compounds undergo an excited-state intramolecular coupled proton- and charge
      transfer process.

PMID- 18154324
TI  - Intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in alkyl and silyl ethers: experimental
      and theoretical analysis.
AB  - We have investigated the electronic impact of the R protecting group (TBS or PMB)
      in the conformational equilibrium of alpha-methyl substituted alcohols 1 (R =
      TBS) and 2 (R = PMB). The conformational analysis and (1)H NMR experiments for
      alcohols 1 and 2 reflect the tendency for the existence of hydrogen-bonded
      conformations. The intrinsic low basicity of silyl ethers does not affect the
      capacity of the oxygen attached to the silicon atom in forming intramolecular
      hydrogen bonds. We showed that the extents of the hydrogen bonds in silyl and
      alkyl ethers are determined by several properties, such as orbital interactions,
      lone pair hybridizations, and lone pair energies, and not just by the electronic
      occupancy of the donor atom. The populational analysis of NBO allowed
      understanding the intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the OH group
      and oxygen bonded to silicon as well as to alkyl ethers, concluding that there
      are distinct lone pair contributions.

PMID- 18154325
TI  - Torsion-vibration coupling in methanol: diabatic behavior in the CH overtone
      region.
AB  - Through a fit to methanol CH overtone data, a previously developed 4-dimensional
      torsion-vibration Hamiltonian is extended to high CH stretch excitation as well
      as to high torsional excitation. The strength of the torsion-vibration coupling
      is found to increase with CH stretch excitation. Systematic patterns of near
      degeneracy (3-, 4-, and 6-fold) are found in different regions of quantum number
      space. In the region of the CH fundamentals, an approximate a diabatic separation
      of the torsion (slow degree of freedom) from the CH stretches (fast degrees of
      freedom) accounts for the pattern of the energy levels and for the signs of the
      torsional tunneling splittings. For the higher CH overtones (v(CH) > or = 4), a
      diabatic representation accounts for the torsional structure obtained from the
      fully coupled calculation and for certain trends found in the pattern of the
      energy levels.

PMID- 18154326
TI  - Studies of the thermodynamic properties of hydrogen gas in bulk water.
AB  - The thermodynamic properties of hydrogen gas in liquid water are investigated
      using Monte Carlo molecular simulation and the quasichemical theory of liquids.
      The free energy of hydrogen hydration obtained by Monte Carlo simulations agrees
      well with the experimental result, indicating that the classical force fields
      used in this work provide an adequate description of intermolecular interactions
      in the aqueous hydrogen system. Two estimates of the hydration free energy for
      hydrogen made within the framework of the quasichemical theory also agree
      reasonably well with experiment provided local anharmonic motions and distant
      interactions with explicit solvent are treated. Both quasichemical estimates
      indicate that the hydration free energy results from a balance between chemical
      association and molecular packing. Additionally, the results suggest that the
      molecular packing term is almost equally driven by unfavorable enthalpic and
      entropic components.

PMID- 18154327
TI  - Effect of chain conformational change on micelle structures: experimental studies
      and molecular dynamics simulations.
AB  - The effect of chain conformation change on the self-assembly behavior of
      poly(gamma-benzyl- l-glutamate)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PBLG-b-PEG) was
      studied both experimentally by transmission electron microscopy, laser light
      scattering, and circular dichroism and computationally using molecular dynamics
      (MD) simulation. It was found that, by introducing trifluoroacetic acid to the
      PBLG-b-PEG solution, the conformation of the PBLG chain transforms from alpha
      helix to random coil, which results in a change of the micelle structures formed
      by PBLG-b-PEG from rod to sphere. Meanwhile, the MD simulations were performed by
      using Brownian dynamics on the self-assembly behavior of model AB-type diblock
      copolymers with various chain rigidities of the A-block. The results show that,
      by decreasing the fraction of rigid chain conformation of the A-block, which
      corresponds to the helix-coil transition in the PBLG-b-PEG sample, the aggregate
      structure transforms from rod to sphere. The MD simulations also provide chain
      packing information in the micelles. On the basis of both experimental and MD
      simulation results, the mechanism regarding the effect of the conformation change
      of the polypeptide block copolymer on its self-association behavior is suggested.

PMID- 18154328
TI  - PbS sub-micrometer structures with anisotropic shape: ribbons, wires, octapods,
      and hollowed cubes.
AB  - The current paper discusses the preparation, characterization, and clarification
      of the growth mechanism of PbS wires, ribbons, octapods, and hollowed cubes.
      Those sub-micrometer structures were prepared by a thermal decomposition of a uni
      precursor {[Pb(S(2)CNEt(2))(2)](2)}, using either ethylene diamine (en) or
      ethylene glycol (eg) as an intermediate reagent, as well as surfactants. The
      growth in eg produced mainly ribbons and square plates, while the growth in en
      solutions produced wires at the lower temperatures (80 degrees C) and octapods
      and hollowed cubes at elevated temperatures (117 degrees C). The experimental
      observations suggest that the obtained morphologies are primarily determined by
      the nucleation phase and the subsequent growth kinetics. The growth process
      developed according to the characteristic habit and subsequent branching
      processes. The characteristic habit was controlled by the surface energy of the
      facets and their modulation by the solvent molecules. The branching process was
      determined by a delicate balance between kinetic and thermodynamic processes, and
      it was controlled by the variation of the temperature and duration of the
      reactions.

PMID- 18154329
TI  - Facile synthesis of troilite.
AB  - Low-temperature synthetic pathways can result in crystallization of metastable
      materials. These methods have been widely explored for the preparation of metal
      oxides. Adaptation of nonhydrolytic sol-gel chemistry to non-oxide systems offers
      an elegant route to transition-metal sulfides. The method can be exploited for
      the facile and reproducible synthesis of iron sulfide crystallizing in the
      troilite structure. This phase is only found in meteorites and planets and has
      previously been obtained by high-temperature or high-energy ball-milling methods.
      "Nonhydrolytic" sol-gel processing results in direct crystallization of troilite
      with no need for further calcination.

PMID- 18154330
TI  - Creation of a nonsymmetric dimethanolpyridine ligand: a rare Zn(salphen) template
      effect.
AB  - An interesting reversible, templated synthesis of unsymmetrical pyridine-ligated
      Zn complexes has been observed in solution and solid-state phases when
      Zn(salphen) complexes are reacted with methanol-substituted pyridine substrates.
      The X-ray molecular structure of an unusual Zn(3) supramolecular assembly is
      reported, in which the central Zn atom is embedded in a distorted octahedral
      geometry and each of the single anionic O atoms of the pyridine groups
      coordinates to a Zn(salphen) unit.

PMID- 18154331
TI  - Influence of the d-Electron Count on CO binding by three-coordinate
      [(tBu2PCH2SiMe2)2N]Fe, -Co, and -Ni.
AB  - Reduction of (PNP)MCl [PNP = ((t)Bu(2)PCH(2)SiMe(2))(2)N] with Mg gives three
      coordinate, T-shaped (PNP)M for M = Fe(S = 3/2) and Ni. Their reactivity was
      tested toward CO; Ni binds one CO, but only reversibly (i.e., CO is completely
      lost in vacuum), and has a CO stretching frequency showing effective back
      donation by NiI. The structure of (PNP)Ni(CO) is intermediate between planar and
      tetrahedral, in contrast to the planar d8 analogue, (PNP)Co(CO). This structural
      reorganization on carbonylation changes the singly occupied molecular orbital
      from having negligible phosphorus character [no P hyperfine structure in the
      electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of (PNP)Ni] to having enough P
      character to have a triplet structure in the EPR spectrum of the CO. The presence
      of one fewer electron in (PNP)Fe (vs the Co analogue) leads to binding of two CO,
      and (PNP)Fe(CO)(2) is characterized as a spin doublet with square-pyramidal
      structure. Density functional theory calculations strengthen the understanding of
      the structural and spectroscopic changes along this dn series (n = 7-9).

PMID- 18154332
TI  - Simulation of the pressure and temperature folding/unfolding equilibrium of a
      small RNA hairpin.
AB  - We report molecular dynamics simulations of the equilibrium folding/unfolding
      thermodynamics of the RNA tetraloop in explicit solvent. A replica exchange
      molecular dynamics study of the r(CGUUGCCG) oligomer that forms a hairpin is
      performed for 226 ns per replica, using 52 replicas. We are able to show the
      unbiased folding of all replicas starting from extended conformations. The
      equilibrium pressure-temperature free energy of folding, DeltaG(P,T), is
      calculated from the averaged energy, pressure, and specific volume change upon
      folding of the oligomer as a function of T at constant volume. We find that this
      oligomer is destabilized by increasing hydrostatic pressure, similar to the
      behavior of globular proteins.

PMID- 18154333
TI  - Photovoltaic charge generation visualized at the nanoscale: a proof of principle.
AB  - We report for the first time a nanoscale resolved proof of principle of the
      photovoltaic activity in phase-segregated electron acceptor-donor blend
      architectures as obtained by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The explored length
      scale is truly important for organic solar cells since it is comparable to the
      mean exciton diffusion length. We chose a blend of regioregular poly(3
      hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and N,N'-bis(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4:9,10
      perylenebis(dicarboximide) (PDI) as model systems, acting as electron donor and
      electron acceptor, respectively. In this work, we demonstrate that the same type
      of molecular assemblies, obtained from a given electron-accepting material on the
      same sample, shows different surface potential changes upon white-light
      illumination when in physical contact with the donor materials or isolated from
      it. Although excitons are generated by light absorption in all the PDI clusters,
      we unambiguously proved that only the ones which are in physical contact with
      P3HT exhibit an appreciable charge transfer because of the existence of a
      complementary electron donor phase. Such a direct observation is novel and of
      general applicability and can also be extended to other bicomponent materials for
      plastic photovoltaics.

PMID- 18154334
TI  - Gold nanoparticle size controlled by polymeric Au(I) thiolate precursor size.
AB  - We developed a method in preparing size-controllable gold nanoparticles (Au NPs,
      2-6 nm) capped with glutathione by varying the pH (between 5.5 and 8.0) of the
      solution before reduction. This method is based on the formation of polymeric
      nanoparticle precursors, Au(I)-glutathione polymers, which change size and
      density depending on the pH. Dynamic light scattering, size exclusion
      chromatography, and UV-vis spectroscopy results suggest that lower pH values
      favor larger and denser polymeric precursors and higher pH values favor smaller
      and less dense precursors. Consequently, the larger precursors led to the
      formation of larger Au NPs, whereas smaller precursors led to the formation of
      smaller Au NPs. Using this strategy, Au NPs functionalized with nickel(II)
      nitriloacetate (Ni-NTA) group were prepared by a mixed-ligand approach. These Ni
      NTA functionalized Au NPs exhibited specific binding to 6x-histidine-tagged
      Adenovirus serotype 12 knob proteins, demonstrating their utility in biomolecular
      labeling applications.

PMID- 18154336
TI  - Paramagnetic relaxation-based 19f MRI probe to detect protease activity.
AB  - A novel design principle for 19F MRI probes detecting protease activity was
      developed. This principle is based on 19F MRI signal quenching by the
      intramolecular paramagnetic effect from Gd3+. The intramolecular Gd3+
      dramatically attenuated the 19F probe signal, and the paramagnetic effect was
      cancelled by the probe hydrolyzation by caspase-3. Using this probe, it was shown
      that the probe could detect caspase-3 activity spatially from a phantom image
      using 19F MRI.

PMID- 18154337
TI  - Size limitations for the formation of ordered striped nanoparticles.
AB  - A combination of immiscible molecules in the ligand shell of a gold nanoparticle
      (NP) has been shown to phase separate into a rippled structure; this phase
      separation can be used to direct the assembly of the NPs into chains. Here we
      demonstrate that only NPs within a certain size range can form chains, and we
      conclude that the rippled morphology of the ligand shell also exists only within
      that given size range. We corroborate this result with simulations of the ligand
      arrangement on NPs of various sizes.

PMID- 18154338
TI  - Low-level self-assembly of open framework based on three different polyhedra:
      metal-organic analogue of face-centered cubic dodecaboride.
AB  - Dinuclear paddlewheels linked by 5-methylisophthalate and dabco act as 5
      connecting nodes to form a highly symmetric open framework based on three
      different Archimedean polyhedra.

PMID- 18154339
TI  - Matrix isolation chemistry in a porous metal-organic framework: photochemical
      substitutions of N2 and H2 in Zn4O[(eta6-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate)Cr(CO)3]3.
AB  - Reaction of the microporous metal-organic framework Zn4O(BDC)3 (BDC2- = 1,4
      benzenedicarboxylate) with Cr(CO)6 at 140 degrees C in a 6:1 mixture of
      dibutylether and THF affords Zn4O[(BDC)Cr(CO)3]3 (1). This compound retains the
      porous cubic structure of the parent framework, but features Cr(CO)3 groups
      attached in an eta6 fashion to all of the benzene rings. Compound 1 is also
      microporous, exhibiting a BET surface area of 2130 m2/g. It can be fully
      decarbonylated by heating at 200 degrees C, but the resulting gray solid (2)
      shows little affinity for N2 or H2 at 298 K, suggesting aggregation of the
      chromium atoms. In contrast, photolysis of 1 using 450-nm light in an atmosphere
      of N2 or H2 produces solids with infrared spectra indicative of
      Zn4O[(BDC)Cr(CO)2(N2)]3 (3) and Zn4O[(BDC)Cr(CO)2(H2)]3 (4). Under an N2
      atmosphere, compound 4 completely converts into compound 3 over the course of 12
      h, demonstrating the lability of the Cr0-H2 bond. Owing to isolation of the metal
      centers within the rigid, evacuable framework structures, the N2- and H2
      substituted compounds show greatly enhanced stability relative to molecular
      analogues generated in frozen gas matrices or supercritical fluid solutions.

PMID- 18154340
TI  - Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of 2,3,5-trisubstituted pyrroles.
AB  - Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of N-Boc-protected pyrroles proceeded with
      high enantioselectivity by using a ruthenium catalyst modified with a trans
      chelating chiral bisphosphine PhTRAP. The ruthenium catalyst prepared from
      Ru(eta3-methallyl)2(cod) and (S,S)-(R,R)-PhTRAP in the presence of triethylamine
      was the most enantioselective for the asymmetric hydrogenation of methyl pyrrole
      2-carboxylate, giving the desired (S)-proline derivative with 79% ee in 92%
      yield. Moreover, 2,3,5-trisubstituted pyrroles bearing a large substituent at the
      5-position were hydrogenated with 93-99.7% ee. The asymmetric reduction of 4,5
      dimethylpyrrole-2-carboxylate gave only all-cis isomer and created three chiral
      centers with high degree of stereocontrol in a single process. This is the first
      highly enantioselective reduction of pyrroles.

PMID- 18154341
TI  - L-Enantiomers of transition state analogue inhibitors bound to human purine
      nucleoside phosphorylase.
AB  - Human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) was crystallized with transition
      state analogue inhibitors Immucillin-H and DADMe-Immucillin-H synthesized with
      ribosyl mimics of l-stereochemistry. The inhibitors demonstrate that major
      driving forces for tight binding of these analogues are the leaving group
      interaction and the cationic mimicry of the transition state, even though large
      geometric changes occur with d-Immucillins and l-Immucillins bound to human PNP.

PMID- 18154343
TI  - A metathesis-based approach to the synthesis of 2-pyridones and pyridines.
AB  - The ring-closing metathesis reaction has been successfully employed to form a
      range of dihydropyridone intermediates, which are in the correct oxidation state
      to undergo a base-induced elimination to reveal the aromatic 2-pyridone. This
      mild and novel approach to six-membered heteroaromatic compounds then provides
      access to a wide variety of substituted pyridines in excellent overall yield.

PMID- 18154344
TI  - Synthesis of polysubstituted N-H pyrroles from vinyl azides and 1,3-dicarbonyl
      compounds.
AB  - Two synthetic methods for tetra- and trisubstituted N-H pyrroles are presented:
      (i) the thermal pyrrole formation by the reaction of vinyl azides with 1,3
      dicarbonyl compounds via the 1,2-addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to 2H
      azirine intermediates generated in situ from vinyl azides; (ii) the Cu(II)
      catalyzed synthesis of pyrroles from alpha-ethoxycarbonyl vinyl azides and ethyl
      acetoacetate through the 1,4-addition reaction of the acetoacetate to the vinyl
      azides. By applying these two methods, regioisomeric pyrroles can be prepared
      selectively starting from the same vinyl azides.

PMID- 18154345
TI  - Thermal rearrangement of 2-bromooxazolines to 2-bromoisocyanates.
AB  - A unprecedented thermally induced rearrangement of 2-bromo-4-substituted
      oxazolines into 2-bromoisocyanates with high selectivity has been observed.
      Isolated yields of 85-90% were obtained with 2-bromo-4-phenyloxazoline, 2-bromo-4
      isopropyloxazoline, or 2-bromo-4,4-dimethyloxazoline. In addition, chiral
      aziridinecarboxamides or 2-aminooxazolines could be selectively obtained from the
      corresponding 2-bromo isocyanate depending on reaction conditions.

PMID- 18154346
TI  - New chelating stilbazonium-like dyes from Michler's ketone.
AB  - A series of "push-pull" salts substituted with an electron-donating bis(N,N
      dimethyl)aniline unit and different electron-withdrawing methyl or chelating
      pyridinium units have been designed and synthesized from Michler's ketone. The
      spectroscopic and electronic properties were investigated and compared to their
      DAST homologues. The studies revealed that a lower HOMO-LUMO gap is obtained in
      all cases, showing the ability of our donor to increase the "push-pull" effect.
      Two chromophores with a terpyridine as acceptor end group have also been
      prepared.

PMID- 18154347
TI  - Optimized formation of detergent micelles of beta-carotene and retinal production
      using recombinant human beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase.
AB  - The formation of beta-carotene detergent micelles and their conversion into
      retinal by recombinant human beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase was
      optimized under aqueous conditions. Toluene was the most hydrophobic among the
      organic solvents tested; thus, it was used to dissolve beta-carotene, which is a
      hydrophobic compound. Tween 80 was selected as the detergent because it supported
      the highest level of retinal production among all of the detergents tested. The
      maximum production of retinal was achieved in detergent micelles containing 200
      mg/L of beta-carotene and 2.4% (w/v) Tween 80. Under these conditions, the
      recombinant enzyme produced 97 mg/L of retinal after 16 h with a conversion yield
      of 48.5% (w/w). The amount of retinal produced, which is the highest ever
      reported, is a result of the ability of our system to dissolve large amounts of
      beta-carotene.

PMID- 18154348
TI  - Quesnoin, a novel pentacyclic ent-diterpene from 55 million years Old Oise Amber.
AB  - Amber, fossilized tree resin, found at the Oise River area of the Paris basin
      (France) was dated as being 55 million years old. Quesnoin, a novel unique pure
      organic compound, was isolated from Oise amber. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic
      analysis indicated an unknown diterpene skeleton, quesnane. The absolute
      configurations of the eight chiral centers of quesnoin were determined to be 4S,
      5S, 8R, 9S, 10S, 13S, 14R, and 16S by chiral auxiliary (R)- and (S)-phenylglycine
      methyl ester derivatization. Quesnoin allowed us to disclose the tree producer,
      corresponding to modern Hymenaea oblongifolia, Fabaceae, a subfamily of
      Caesalpiniaceae, one of the oldest angiosperm. The presence of the Amazon
      rainforest tree, H. oblongifolia, indicated that the climate of the Paris basin
      might have been tropical in the early Eocene period, 55 million years ago.

PMID- 18154349
TI  - N-isopropylsulfinylimines as useful intermediates in the synthesis of chiral
      amines: expeditive asymmetric synthesis of the calcimimetic (+)-NPS R-568.
AB  - An efficient and high-yielding approach for the asymmetric synthesis of
      calcimimetic (+)-NPS R-568 (1) has been developed. The key step of the synthesis
      is the highly diastereoselective addition of methyl Grignard to the (SS,E)-N-(3
      methoxybenzylidene)-2-propanesulfinamide [5(S)], which afforded a single
      diastereoisomer in high yield in short reaction time.

PMID- 18154350
TI  - Star-shaped mesogens of triazine-based dendrons and dendrimers as unconventional
      columnar liquid crystals.
AB  - Dendrons Gn-Cl and Gn-NH (n = 2-4) and novel dendrimers Gn-N approximately N-Gn
      (n = 2-4) based on triazine and piperazine units were efficiently prepared in
      good yields without employing the protection and deprotection processes and are
      fully characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and
      mass spectroscopy. These compounds are transparent and possess good thermal
      stability. G4-Cl shows a monotropic columnar phase in a narrow range with a
      coexisting crystalline phase. Dendron G4-NH shows a rectangular column-phase, and
      dendrimer G4-N approximately N-G4 exhibits a monotropic hexagonal columnar phase.
      These identifications were supported by the polarizing optical scope and powder
      XRD studies.

PMID- 18154352
TI  - Direct one-pot synthesis of phenanthrenes via Suzuki-Miyaura coupling/aldol
      condensation cascade reaction.
AB  - We have developed an efficient cascade reaction, a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling
      followed by an aldol condensation, for the construction of phenanthrene
      derivatives using microwave irradiation. For example, the reaction of methyl 2
      bromophenylacetamide with 2-formylphenylboronic acid in the presence of a
      palladium catalyst and a base provided a biaryl intermediate, which underwent in
      situ cyclization to afford the corresponding phenanthrene in high yield.

PMID- 18154351
TI  - Highly efficient cucurbit[8]uril-templated intramolecular photocycloaddition of 2
      naphthalene-labeled poly(ethylene glycol) in aqueous solution.
AB  - The photodimerization of water-insoluble 2-naphthalene-labeled poly(ethyl glycol)
      (N-Pn-N) in cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) aqueous solution was investigated. UV-vis,
      fluorescence, and 1H NMR analysis reveal that CB[8] can encapsulate N-Pn-N to
      make a stable 1:1 inclusion complex N-Pn-N@CB[8] in aqueous solution. Irradiation
      of N-Pn-N in the CB[8] aqueous solution results in intramolecular
      photocycloaddition with remarkable selectivity and efficiency, whereas no
      photodimer could be detected in host-free solution.

PMID- 18154353
TI  - Unexpected solid-state photochemistry of an alpha-thiophenyl-alpha'-thiophenyl
      S,S-dioxo-substituted ketone.
AB  - Samples of 2,4-dimethyl-2-(thiophen-3-yl)-4-(thiophen-3-yl-S,S-dioxo)pentan-3-one
      2 were obtained by controlled MCPBA oxidation of 2,4-dimethyl-2,4-di(thiophen-3
      yl)pentan-3-one 1. Rather than the expected photodecarbonylation, UV--vis
      irradiation of 2 led to the intramolecular 2 + 2 photocycloaddition product 5 in
      quantitative yields (by GC and NMR) both in solution and in crystalline solid
      state. Detailed X-ray powder diffraction analyses revealed that the solid-state
      reaction of sulfone 2 occurs with a loss of long-range order despite retaining
      some birefringence under polarized microscopy.

PMID- 18154354
TI  - Thermal rearrangement of {[2-(Arylmethylene)cyclopropyl]methyl}(phenyl)sulfanes
      and selanes.
AB  - {[2-(Arylmethylene)cyclopropyl]methyl}(phenyl)sulfanes and {[2
      (arylmethylene)cyclopropyl]methyl}(phenyl)selanes, generated in situ from 2
      (arylmethylene)cyclopropylcarbinols with sodium benzenethiolate and sodium
      benzeneselenolate, could undergo rearrangement upon heating to afford (2
      arylmethylidenebut-3-enyl)(phenyl)sulfanes and (2-arylmethylidenebut-3
      enyl)(phenyl)selanes, in good to excellent yields as mixtures of E- and Z
      isomers, respectively. A radical rearrangement was proposed on the basis of
      control experiments for this process.

PMID- 18154355
TI  - Synthesis of a key precursor for orienticin C and model study on ruthenium
      mediated macrocyclization.
AB  - A tripeptido--arene--ruthenium complex was prepared as a key precursor for the
      projected synthesis of orienticin C, demonstrating that the
      cyclopentadienylruthenium moiety can be attached to a chloroarene in the presence
      of multiple functionality. The ruthenium-mediated intramolecular SNAr reaction
      for formation of the required diaryl ether linkage was successfully tested on a
      model system.

PMID- 18154356
TI  - Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of functionalized tetraarylphosphonium salts.
AB  - An efficient method to synthesize functionalized tetraarylphosphonium salts is
      described. This palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction between aryl iodides,
      bromides, or triflates and triphenylphosphine generates phosphonium salts in high
      yields. The coupling is compatible with a variety of functional groups such as
      alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, and amides.

PMID- 18154357
TI  - An efficient approach for monofluorination via aqueous fluorolactonization
      reaction of 2,3-allenoic acids with selectfluor.
AB  - We have developed a convenient method for the efficient monofluorination via the
      electrophilic fluorocyclization reaction of 2,3-allenoic acids with Selectfluor
      in MeCN in the presence of 10 equiv of H2O or even in pure water to afford beta
      fluorobutenolides in moderate to high yields.

PMID- 18154358
TI  - Self-sorting dimerization of tetraurea calix[4]arenes.
AB  - Calix[4]arenes substituted by four urea functions are self-complementary
      molecules that spontaneously combine in apolar solvents in the presence of an
      ammonium salt to form dimeric capsules held together by a belt of hydrogen bonds.
      In the presence of tetraethylammonium salts, the Et4N+ cation is included as a
      guest. The sorting between dimeric capsules formed in a mixture of calix[4]arenes
      directly depends on the steric crowding of the substituents grafted on the urea
      groups whether aromatic derivatives or aliphatic chains linking urea functions in
      mono-, di-, or tetraloop structures. Simple rules allow one to anticipate which
      capsules will be exclusively formed when calix[4]arenes are mixed in different
      proportions. The stabilization of the dimeric structures by hydrogen bonds is
      thwarted by the overlaps of aliphatic loops and/or by bulky groups that cannot
      pass through these loops. Despite the structural similarity of the calixarenes,
      the exclusive formation of dimers of well-defined compositions and clear
      titration breaks are observed by electrospray mass spectrometry. This technique
      yields reliable information on stoichiometries and composition despite
      measurements in the gas phase rather than in solution and it does not suffer from
      excessive peak overlaps in contrast with NMR.

PMID- 18154359
TI  - The histamine N-methyltransferase T105I polymorphism affects active site
      structure and dynamics.
AB  - Histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) is the primary enzyme responsible for
      inactivating histamine in the mammalian brain. The human HNMT gene contains a
      common threonine-isoleucine polymorphism at residue 105, distal from the active
      site. The 105I variant has decreased activity and lower protein levels than the
      105T protein. Crystal structures of both variants have been determined but reveal
      little regarding how the T105I polymorphism affects activity. We performed
      molecular dynamics simulations for both 105T and 105I at 37 degrees C to explore
      the structural and dynamic consequences of the polymorphism. The simulations
      indicate that replacing Thr with the larger Ile residue leads to greater burial
      of residue 105 and heightened intramolecular interactions between residue 105 and
      residues within helix alpha3 and strand beta3. This altered, tighter packing is
      translated to the active site, resulting in the reorientation of several
      cosubstrate-binding residues. The simulations also show that the hydrophobic
      histamine-binding domain in both proteins undergoes a large-scale breathing
      motion that exposes key catalytic residues and lowers the hydrophobicity of the
      substrate-binding site.

PMID- 18154360
TI  - Structural analysis of the catalytic mechanism and stereoselectivity in
      Streptomyces coelicolor alditol oxidase.
AB  - Alditol oxidase (AldO) from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) is a soluble monomeric
      flavin-dependent oxidase that performs selective oxidation of the terminal
      primary hydroxyl group of several alditols. Here, we report the crystal structure
      of the recombinant enzyme in its native state and in complex with both six-carbon
      (mannitol and sorbitol) and five-carbon substrates (xylitol). AldO shares the
      same folding topology of the members of the vanillyl-alcohol oxidase family of
      flavoenzymes and exhibits a covalently linked FAD which is located at the bottom
      of a funnel-shaped pocket that forms the active site. The high resolution of the
      three-dimensional structures highlights a well-defined hydrogen-bonding network
      that tightly constrains the substrate in the productive conformation for
      catalysis. Substrate binding occurs through a lock-and-key mechanism and does not
      induce conformational changes with respect to the ligand-free protein. A network
      of charged residues is proposed to favor catalysis through stabilization of the
      deprotonated form of the substrate. A His side chain acts as back door that
      "pushes" the substrate-reactive carbon atom toward the N5-C4a locus of the
      flavin. Analysis of the three-dimensional structure reveals possible pathways for
      diffusion of molecular oxygen and a small cavity on the re side of the flavin
      that may host oxygen during FAD reoxidation. These features combined with the
      tight shape of the catalytic site provide insights into the mechanism of AldO
      mediated regioselective oxidation reactions and its substrate specificity.

PMID- 18154361
TI  - Binding mechanisms of PEGylated ligands reveal multiple effects of the PEG
      scaffold.
AB  - A series of synthetic ligands consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), capped
      on one or both ends with the hapten 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP), were previously
      shown to be potent inhibitors of cellular activation in RBL mast cells stimulated
      by a multivalent antigen [Baird, E. J., Holowka, D., Coates, G. W., and Baird, B.
      (2003) Biochemistry 42, 12739-12748]. In this study, we systematically
      investigated the effect of increasing length of the PEG scaffold on the binding
      of these monovalent and bivalent ligands to anti-DNP IgE in solution. Our
      analysis reveals evidence for an energetically favorable interaction between two
      monovalent ligands bound to the same receptor, when the PEG molecular mass
      exceeds approximately 5 kDa. Additionally, for ligands with much higher molecular
      masses (>10 kDa PEG), the binding of a single ligand apparently leads to a steric
      exclusion of the second binding site by the bulky PEG scaffold. These results are
      further corroborated by data from an alternate fluorescence-based assay that we
      developed to quantify the capacity of these ligands to displace a small hapten
      bound to IgE. This new assay monitors the displacement of a small, receptor-bound
      hapten by a competitive monovalent ligand and thus quantifies the competitive
      inhibition offered by a monovalent ligand. We also show that, for bivalent
      ligands, inhibitory capacity is correlated with the capacity to form effective
      intramolecular cross-links with IgE.

PMID- 18154363
TI  - Electrochemical glucose biosensors.

PMID- 18154362
TI  - A biosensor of S100A4 metastasis factor activation: inhibitor screening and
      cellular activation dynamics.
AB  - S100A4, a member of the S100 family of Ca2+-binding proteins, displays elevated
      expression in malignant human tumors compared with benign tumors, and increased
      expression correlates strongly with poor patient survival. S100A4 has a direct
      role in metastatic progression, likely due to the modulation of actomyosin
      cytoskeletal dynamics, which results in increased cellular motility. We developed
      a fluorescent biosensor (Mero-S100A4) that reports on the Ca2+-bound, activated
      form of S100A4. Direct attachment of a novel solvatochromatic reporter dye to
      S100A4 results in a sensor that, upon activation, undergoes a 3-fold enhancement
      in fluorescence, thus providing a sensitive assay for use in vitro and in vivo.
      In cells, localized activation of S100A4 at the cell periphery is observed during
      random migration and following stimulation with lysophosphatidic acid, a known
      activator of cell motility and proliferation. Additionally, a screen against a
      library of FDA-approved drugs with the biosensor identified an array of
      phenothiazines as inhibitors of myosin-II associated S100A4 function. These data
      demonstrate the utility of the new biosensor both for drug discovery and for
      probing the cellular dynamics controlled by the S100A4 metastasis factor.

PMID- 18154364
TI  - Self-assembly of virus-structured high surface area nanomaterials and their
      application as battery electrodes.
AB  - High area nickel and cobalt surfaces were assembled using modified Tobacco mosaic
      virus (TMV) templates. Rod-shaped TMV templates (300 x 18 nm) engineered to
      encode unique cysteine residues were self-assembled onto gold patterned surfaces
      in a vertically oriented fashion, producing a >10-fold increase in surface area.
      Electroless deposition of ionic metals onto surface-assembled virus templates
      produced uniform metal coatings up to 40 nm in thickness. Within a nickel-zinc
      battery system, the incorporation of virus-assembled electrode surfaces more than
      doubled the total electrode capacity. When combined, these findings demonstrate
      that surface-assembled virus templates provide a robust platform for the
      fabrication of oriented high surface area materials.

PMID- 18154365
TI  - Directed three-dimensional patterning of self-assembled peptide fibrils.
AB  - Molecular self-assembly is emerging as a viable "bottom-up" approach for
      fabricating nanostructures. Self-assembled biomolecular structures are
      particularly attractive, due to their versatile chemistry, molecular recognition
      properties, and biocompatibility. Among them, amyloid protein and peptide fibrils
      are self-assembled nanostructures with unique physical and chemical stability,
      formed from quite simple building blocks; their ability to work as a template for
      the fabrication of low resistance, conducting nanowires has already been
      demonstrated. The precise positioning of peptide-based nanostructures is an
      essential part of their use in technological applications, and their controlled
      assembly, positioning, and integration into microsystems is a problem of
      considerable current interest. To date, their positioning has been limited to
      their placement on flat surfaces or to the fabrication of peptide arrays. Here,
      we propose a new method for the precise, three-dimensional patterning of amyloid
      fibrils. The technique, which combines femtosecond laser technology and biotin
      avidin mediated assembly on a polymeric matrix, can be applied in a wide variety
      of fields, from molecular electronics to tissue engineering.

PMID- 18154366
TI  - Size limits on doping phosphorus into silicon nanocrystals.
AB  - We studied the electronic properties of phosphorus-doped silicon nanocrystals
      using the real-space first-principles pseudopotential method. We simulated
      nanocrystals with a diameter of up to 6 nm and made a direct comparison with
      experimental measurement for the first time for these systems. Our calculated
      size dependence of hyperfine splitting was in excellent agreement with
      experimental data. We also found a critical nanocrystal size below which we
      predicted that the dopant will be ejected to the surface.

PMID- 18154368
TI  - Photon-trap spectroscopy of mass-selected ions in an ion trap: optical absorption
      and magneto-optical effects.
AB  - A novel experimental technique has been developed to observe a trace of optical
      absorption of free mass-selected ions. The technique combines a linear radio
      frequency ion trap with a high-finesse optical cavity to perform cavity ring-down
      spectroscopy (photon-trap spectroscopy for generality), where the storage
      lifetime of photons in the cavity provides a sensitivity high enough to probe the
      trapped ions. Absorption spectra of the manganese ion Mn(+) are presented,
      showing hyperfine structures for the (7)P(2,3,4)<--(7)S(3) transitions in the
      ultraviolet range. Implementation of a solenoidal magnet allows us to observe the
      Zeeman splitting and the Faraday rotation as well.

PMID- 18154369
TI  - Vibronic transitions in large molecular systems: rigorous prescreening conditions
      for Franck-Condon factors.
AB  - In this work, rigorous prescreening conditions for the calculation of Franck
      Condon factors (FCFs) are derived and implemented. These factors play an
      important role in numerous applications including the prediction and simulation
      of vibronic spectra, electron transfer rates, and nonradiative transition
      probabilities. For larger systems it is crucial to calculate only relevant FCFs,
      as the computational burden becomes otherwise prohibitive due to the sheer number
      of Franck-Condon integrals. By exploiting rigorous prescreening criteria one can
      significantly reduce the computational effort and systematically refine results
      to the desired target accuracy. In this work, such criteria are derived via the
      use of sum rules obtained through a coherent state generating function for the
      FCFs in the harmonic oscillator approximation, following the prescription of
      Doktorov et al. These sum rules allow efficient and rigorous prescreening prior
      to the calculation of entire batches of Franck-Condon integrals, reducing the
      subsequent computational burden. To illustrate the benefit of employing such
      conditions, they are applied in this work to calculate FC profiles for vibronic
      spectra of formic acid, thymine, anthracene, and a polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbon derivative containing about 450 vibrational degrees of freedom. Since
      the prescreening step gives stringent upper and lower bounds for the loss of FC
      intensity in these spectra arising from the neglected FCFs, the present approach
      renders most previous a priori selection schemes obsolete and has the potential
      to complement or even replace other approximate treatments.

PMID- 18154370
TI  - Multiple scaling replica exchange for the conformational sampling of biomolecules
      in explicit water.
AB  - A multiple scaling replica exchange method for the efficient conformational
      sampling of biomolecular systems in explicit solvent is presented. The method is
      a combination of the replica exchange with solute tempering (REST) technique and
      a Tsallis biasing potential. The Tsallis biasing increases the sampling
      efficiency, while the REST minimizes the number of replicas needed. Unbiased
      statistics can be obtained by reweighting of the data using a weighted histogram
      analysis technique. The method is illustrated by its application to a ten residue
      peptide in explicit water.

PMID- 18154371
TI  - Spin contamination for Hartree-Fock, optimized effective potential, and density
      functional approximations.
AB  - In an earlier paper [S. Thanos and A. K. Theophilou J. Chem. Phys. 124, 204109
      (2006)], we found an explicit formula for the expansion of a Slater determinant
      |Phi(M)> in terms of eigenstates of S(2). In this paper, we use the same formula
      to determine the spin contamination S(con) of the unrestricted single determinant
      approximations, i.e., Hartree-Fock, optimized effective potential, and density
      functional theory. We derived an expression which gives S(con) in terms of the
      overlap of the spatial parts of the spin up and spin down "corresponding"
      orbitals. It was found that S(con) does not depend on M, the eigenvalue of S(z),
      at least for the lower order approximations, i.e., when |<phi(i)|phi(i')>| is
      large. In this case, the predominant coefficient of the expansion assumes its
      maximum value when S=M. However, for the class of solutions that
      |<phi(i)|phi(i')>| is small, the spin L of the largest coefficient increases with
      the number of unpaired electrons. We also derived the explicit form of the
      expansion states.

PMID- 18154372
TI  - Excitations of atomic fragments arising in the exothermic (n;q) reactions of
      light atoms with slow neutrons.
AB  - We have developed the closed procedure for evaluating the final state
      probabilities in atomic fragments which arise during exothermic (n;t)-, (n;alpha)
      , and (n;p)-nuclear reactions in some light atoms with slow neutrons. The
      procedure includes the two consecutive steps: (1) computation of the final state
      probabilities based on the sudden approximation and (2) evaluation of various
      transition probabilities between the states obtained at the first step.

PMID- 18154373
TI  - Geometry optimization for peptides and proteins: comparison of Cartesian and
      internal coordinates.
AB  - We present the results of several benchmarks comparing the relative efficiency of
      different coordinate systems in optimizing polypeptide geometries. Cartesian,
      natural internal, and primitive internal coordinates are employed in quasi-Newton
      minimization for a variety of biomolecules. The peptides and proteins used in
      these benchmarks range in size from 16 to 999 residues. They vary in complexity
      from polyalanine helices to a beta-barrel enzyme. We find that the relative
      performance of the different coordinate systems depends on the parameters of the
      optimization method, the starting point for the optimization, and the size of the
      system studied. In general, internal coordinates were found to be advantageous
      for small peptides. For larger structures, Cartesians appear to be more efficient
      for empirical potentials where the energy and gradient can be evaluated
      relatively quickly compared to the cost of the coordinate transformations.

PMID- 18154374
TI  - Dyson orbitals for ionization from the ground and electronically excited states
      within equation-of-motion coupled-cluster formalism: theory, implementation, and
      examples.
AB  - Implementation of Dyson orbitals for coupled-cluster and equation-of-motion
      coupled-cluster wave functions with single and double substitutions is described
      and demonstrated by examples. Both ionizations from the ground and electronically
      excited states are considered. Dyson orbitals are necessary for calculating
      electronic factors of angular distributions of photoelectrons, Compton profiles,
      electron momentum spectra, etc, and can be interpreted as states of the leaving
      electron. Formally, Dyson orbitals represent the overlap between an initial N
      electron wave function and the N-1 electron wave function of the corresponding
      ionized system. For the ground state ionization, Dyson orbitals are often similar
      to the corresponding Hartree-Fock molecular orbitals (MOs); however, for
      ionization from electronically excited states Dyson orbitals include
      contributions from several MOs and their shapes are more complex. The theory is
      applied to calculating the Dyson orbitals for ionization of formaldehyde from the
      ground and electronically excited states. Partial-wave analysis is employed to
      compute the probabilities to find the ejected electron in different angular
      momentum states using the freestanding and Coulomb wave representations of the
      ionized electron. Rydberg states are shown to yield higher angular momentum
      electrons, as compared to valence states of the same symmetry. Likewise, faster
      photoelectrons are most likely to have higher angular momentum.

PMID- 18154375
TI  - Real-time propagation of the reduced one-electron density matrix in atom-centered
      Gaussian orbitals: application to absorption spectra of silicon clusters.
AB  - We solve the time-dependent density functional theory equation by propagating the
      reduced one-electron density matrix in real-time domain. The efficiency of
      several standard solvers such as the short-iterative Krylov-subspace propagator,
      the low-order Magnus integration method with the matrix polynomial (MP) or
      Chebyshev matrix polynomial (CMP) expansion of the evolution operator, and Runge
      Kutta algorithm are assessed. Fast methods for summing MP and CMP are implemented
      to speed the calculation of the matrix exponential. It is found that the
      exponential propagators can tolerate large time step size and retain the
      computational accuracy whereas the Krylov-subspace algorithm is a little inferior
      for a larger time step size compared with the second-order Magnus integration
      method with the MP/CMP expansion of the evolution operator in both weak and
      intense fields. As an application, we calculate the absorption spectra of
      hydrogen-passivated silicon nanoparticles Si(29)H(x). The popular hybrid and
      generalized gradient approximation exchange-correlation functionals are applied.
      We find that the experimental spectra can be reproduced by using B3LYP and that
      the silicon particles with sizes of 1 nm and the optical excitations at 3.7, 4.0,
      and 4.6 eV may consist of 29 Si atoms surrounded by 24 hydrogen atoms.

PMID- 18154376
TI  - A theoretical study of the low-lying excited electronic states of thiocarbonyl
      chlorofluoride and their dissociation pathways.
AB  - The spectroscopic constants for the ground (X (1)A(1)) and low-lying triplet and
      singlet excited states (a (3)A("),A (1)A("),B (1)A(')) of thiocarbonyl
      chlorofluoride (ClFCS) were obtained using the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster
      singles and doubles method. The calculated vibrational frequencies of the
      electronic states were within 4% of the experimental values for 21 of the
      frequencies, but four calculated frequencies were 20%-40% away from the
      corresponding experimentally reported values, suggesting the need to reexamine
      previous experimental spectra. The spectroscopic properties of the radical
      fragments (FCS, ClCS, and CClF) were also studied, and the correlation diagram
      between the excited electronic states of ClFCS and possible combinations of
      dissociation fragments were obtained. The potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the
      excited electronic states of ClFCS along possible dissociation pathways were also
      studied. The main qualitative dynamical features of the S(1)(A (1)A("))<--S(2)(B
      (1)A(')) fluorescence of ClFCS, which may occur in spite of the small barrier (8
      kcalmol) on the S(2) PES to the dissociation of C-Cl bond, are discussed.

PMID- 18154377
TI  - Electron binding energies and Dyson orbitals of Al5Om- (m=3,4,5) and Al5O5H2-.
AB  - Photoelectron spectra of Al(5)O(m)(-) (m=3-5) and of the anion produced by the
      dissociative adsorption of a water molecule by Al(5)O(4)(-) are interpreted with
      density-functional geometry optimizations and electron-propagator calculations of
      vertical electron detachment energies. For Al(5)O(3)(-), Al(5)O(4)(-), and
      Al(5)O(5)H(2)(-), the observed signals may be attributed to the most stable
      isomer of each anion. For Al(5)O(5)(-), the features in the photoelectron
      spectrum are due to three almost isoenergetic isomers.

PMID- 18154378
TI  - Simulation of the photodeactivation of formamide in the nO-pi* and pi-pi* states:
      an ab initio on-the-fly surface-hopping dynamics study.
AB  - The short-time photodynamics (1 ps) of formamide in its low-lying singlet excited
      n(O)-pi(*) and pi-pi(*) states have been investigated by the direct trajectory
      surface-hopping method based on multiconfigurational ab initio calculations. The
      simulations showed that in both states, the primary deactivation process is C-N
      bond dissociation. In the ground state, the energy is transferred to (a)
      translational motion of the HCO and NH(2) fragments, (b) additional C-H
      dissociation from the vibrationally hot HCO fragment, or (c) formation of NH(3)
      and CO. In addition to the C-N dissociation pathway, C-O bond fission is found to
      be an additional primary deactivation path in the pi-pi(*) dynamics. From
      fractional occupations of trajectories, lifetimes of formamide were estimated:
      tau(S(1))=441 fs and tau(S(2))=66 fs.

PMID- 18154379
TI  - Hydrogen transfer dynamics in a photoexcited phenol/ammonia (1:3) cluster studied
      by picosecond time-resolved UV-IR-UV ion dip spectroscopy.
AB  - The picosecond time-resolved IR spectra of phenol/ammonia (1:3) cluster were
      measured by UV-IR-UV ion dip spectroscopy. The time-resolved IR spectra of the
      reaction products of the excited state hydrogen transfer were observed. From the
      different time evolution of two vibrational bands at 3180 and 3250 cm(-1), it was
      found that two isomers of hydrogenated ammonia radical cluster .NH(4)(NH(3))(2)
      coexist in the reaction products. The time evolution was also measured in the
      near-IR region, which corresponds to 3p-3s Rydberg transition of
      .NH(4)(NH(3))(2); a clear wavelength dependence was found. From the observed
      results, we concluded that (1) there is a memory effect of the parent cluster,
      which initially forms a metastable product, .NH(4)-NH(3)-NH(3), and (2) the
      metastable product isomerizes successively to the most stable product, NH(3)
      .NH(4)-NH(3). The time constant for OH cleaving, the isomerization, and its back
      reaction were determined by rate-equation analysis to be 24, 6, and 9 ps,
      respectively.

PMID- 18154380
TI  - Comprehensive photoelectron spectroscopic study of anionic clusters of anthracene
      and its alkyl derivatives: electronic structures bridging molecules to bulk.
AB  - The evolution of the electronic structure of molecular aggregates is investigated
      using anion photoelectron (PE) spectroscopy for anionic clusters of anthracene
      (Ac) and its alkyl derivatives: 1-methylanthracene (1MA), 2-methylanthracene
      (2MA), 9-methylanthracene (9MA), 9,10-dimethylanthracene (DMA), and 2-tert
      butylanthracene (2TBA). For their monomer anions (n=1), electron affinities are
      confined to the range from 0.47 to 0.59 eV and are well reproduced by density
      functional theory calculations, showing the isoelectronic character of these
      molecules. For cluster anions (n=2-100) of Ac and 2MA, two types of isomers I and
      II coexist over a wide size range: isomers I and II-1 (4< or =n<30) or isomers I
      and II-2 (n> or = approximately 40 for Ac and n> or = approximately 55 for 2MA).
      However, for the other alkyl-substituted Ac cluster anions (i.e., 1MA, 9MA, DMA,
      and 2TBA), only isomer I is exclusively formed, and neither isomer II-1 nor II-2
      is observed. The vertical detachment energies (VDEs) of isomer I in all the
      anionic clusters depend almost linearly on n(-1/3). In contrast, the VDEs of
      isomers II-1 (n> or =14) and II-2 (n=40-100), appeared only in Ac and 2MA cluster
      anions, remain constant with n and are approximately 0.5 eV lower than those of
      isomer I. The PE spectra revealed the characteristics of each isomer: isomer I
      possesses a monomeric anion core that is gradually embedded into the interior of
      the cluster with increasing n. On the other hand, isomers II-1 and II-2 possess a
      multimeric (perhaps tetrameric) anion core, but they differ in the number of
      layers from which they are made up; monolayer (isomer II-1) and multilayers
      (isomer II-2) of a two-dimensionally ordered, finite herringbone-type structure,
      in which electron attachment produces only little geometrical rearrangement.
      Moreover, the agreement of the constant VDEs of isomer II-2 with the bulk data
      demonstrates the largely localized nature of the electronic polarization around
      the excess charge in a crystal-like environment, where about 50 molecules provide
      a charge stabilization energy comparable to the bulk.

PMID- 18154381
TI  - The far-infrared spectra of neutral and cationic niobium clusters: Nb5 0/+ to Nb9
      0+.
AB  - Far-infrared absorption spectra of small neutral and cationic niobium clusters
      containing five to nine Nb atoms have been obtained by multiple photon
      dissociation spectroscopy of their argon complexes. The experimental far-IR
      spectra are recorded in the 85-600 cm(-1) region and cover the range of the
      structure-specific vibrational fundamentals, i.e., the finger-print range, for
      these metal clusters. The experiments are accompanied by quantum chemical
      calculations employing the density-functional theory. A comparison of the
      experimental and calculated far-IR spectra allows to identify the cluster
      structures. Although the experimental spectra for clusters containing five, six,
      eight, and nine Nb atoms are very different for cationic and neutral clusters,
      the comparison with theory reveals that, nevertheless, the overall geometries for
      cations and neutrals are very similar, except for Nb(6) (0+).

PMID- 18154382
TI  - Experimental vibrational spectra of gas-phase tantalum cluster cations.
AB  - We present gas-phase infrared spectra of tantalum cluster cations containing 6-20
      atoms. Infrared multiple photon dissociation of their complexes with argon atoms
      is used to obtain vibrational spectra in the region between 90 and 305 cm(-1).
      Many spectra have features in common with the vibrational spectra of the lighter
      homologs, vanadium and niobium, pointing to a common cluster growth mechanism.

PMID- 18154383
TI  - Multidimensional Franck-Condon simulations of photodetachment spectra for the
      formate-water cluster anion: investigating H atom transfer along the HCOOH+OH
      reaction coordinate.
AB  - A new multidimensional Franck-Condon (FC) simulation methodology was applied to
      an anionic-neutral cluster transition for the first time to investigate the use
      of photodetachment spectroscopy of the HCOO(-).H(2)O anion as a means to study
      the HCOO.H(2)O and HCOOH.OH neutral clusters. For the HCOO(-).H(2)O to HCOO.H(2)O
      transition, vibrationally resolved simulated spectra were obtained across the
      threshold detachment region, indicating that photodetachment spectroscopy of the
      respective anionic cluster should provide detailed structural information on the
      bifurcated HCOO.H(2)O neutral cluster. The simulations predict that the
      photodetachment spectra should display prominent progressions of both the
      intermolecular stretch and the in-plane OCO bending mode. In contrast, for the
      HCOO(-).H(2)O to HCOOH.OH transition, the vibronic FC simulations resulted in
      transitions with negligible intensities, despite the fact that the geometries of
      the respective anionic and neutral systems were similar. The low FC intensities
      were traced to the large off-diagonal elements of the Duschinsky matrix for this
      transition, which arise due to the considerable differences in the vibrational
      wave functions following hydrogen transfer.

PMID- 18154384
TI  - Hydrogen bonding lights up overtones in pyrazoles.
AB  - The spectral complexity in the NH stretching mode of hydrogen-bonded pyrazoles is
      traced back to an extensive Fermi resonance system involving combinations and
      overtones of at least four aromatic ring modes with significant in plane hydride
      bending character. The couplings are shown to be inherent in the monomer, but
      hydrogen bonding is required to bring them into resonance with the NH stretching
      chromophore. A cost-efficient variational "monomers-in-clusters" model is
      presented and applied to a five-dimensional subspace of pyrazole. Spectra of
      substituted pyrazoles confirm the robustness of the coupling, which remains dark
      in strained dimers, but lights up in linearly hydrogen-bonded trimers.

PMID- 18154385
TI  - Oscillator strengths of the Mulliken, Swan, Ballik-Ramsay, Phillips, and d3Pi g<-
      c 3Sigma u+ systems of C2 calculated by MRCI methods utilizing a biorthogonal
      transformation of CASSCF orbitals.
AB  - Ab initio oscillator strengths and lifetimes for the D (1)Sigma(u) (+)<--X
      (1)Sigma(g) (+) Mulliken system of C(2) are reported. The calculations were
      carried out at the MRCI level of theory with Davidson's correction using aug-cc
      pV6Z basis sets and include core and core-valence correlation as well as
      relativistic corrections, computed with aug-cc-pCVQZ and cc-pVQZ bases,
      respectively. The MRCI calculations of transition moments utilize a biorthogonal
      transformation of the CASSCF orbitals. This approach was also employed to
      recompute the transition moments of the Swan, Ballik-Ramsay, Phillips, and d
      (3)Pi(g)<--c (3)Sigma(u) (+) systems of C(2), which were the subject of our
      previous study [D. L. Kokkin et al., J. Chem. Phys. 126, 084302 (2007)],
      resulting in an improved set of oscillator strengths for the latter systems as
      well. The oscillator strength of the Mulliken origin band, f(00) (DA), was
      calculated to be 0.0535, in excellent agreement with the accepted astronomical
      value of 0.054.

PMID- 18154386
TI  - Energetics and metastability of the adenine dication observed in proton-adenine
      collisions.
AB  - We present here a study that deals with the correlated fragmentation of a doubly
      charged adenine molecular target induced by a 100 keV proton beam. We have
      elucidated part of the dissociation dynamics for several channels and have
      obtained the corresponding kinetic energy released values. We have extracted
      activation energies by combining our experimental data with computations using
      the ab initio GAMESS code. We have observed metastability patterns against
      fragmentation, for which we have extracted the temporal mechanism (one or two
      steps). Subsequently, we have obtained lifetimes in the 100-200 ns range. In the
      simplest case of two-body fragmentation with the emission of mass 28, the
      determination of transition states and reaction paths has showed that emission of
      the H-C-N-H fragment is preferred to that of C-N-H(2). From the calculated
      activation barriers and lifetimes, we have deduced an equivalent temperature of
      the dication that we have compared with the existing models.

PMID- 18154387
TI  - A density functional study of YnAl (n=1-14) clusters.
AB  - The geometries, stabilities, and electronic and magnetic properties of Y(n)Al
      (n=1-14) clusters have been systematically investigated by using density
      functional theory with generalized gradient approximation. The growth pattern for
      different sized Y(n)Al (n=1-14) clusters is Al-substituted Y(n+1) clusters and it
      keeps the similar frameworks of the most stable Y(n+1) clusters except for Y(9)Al
      cluster. The Al atom substituted the surface atom of the Y(n+1) clusters for n<9.
      Starting from n=9, the Al atom completely falls into the center of the Y-frame.
      The Al atom substituted the center atom of the Y(n+1) clusters to form the Al
      encapsulated Y(n) geometries for n>9. The calculated results manifest that doping
      of the Al atom contributes to strengthen the stabilities of the yttrium
      framework. In addition, the relative stability of Y(12)Al is the strongest among
      all different sized Y(n)Al clusters, which might stem from its highly symmetric
      geometry. Mulliken population analysis shows that the charges always transfer
      from Y atoms to Al atom in all different sized clusters. Doping of the Al atom
      decreases the average magnetic moments of most Y(n) clusters. Especially, the
      magnetic moment is completely quenched after doping Al in the Y(13), which is
      ascribed to the disappearance of the ininerant 4d electron spin exchange effect.
      Finally, the frontier orbitals properties of Y(n)Al are also discussed.

PMID- 18154388
TI  - A transition state wave packet study of the H+CH4 reaction.
AB  - Transition state wave packet calculations have been carried out to obtain the
      thermal rate constants for the H+CH(4) reaction on the Jordan-Gilbert potential
      energy surface. The eight-dimensional model for the X+YCZ(3) type of reaction was
      employed by restricting the nonreacting CZ(3) group under a C(3V) symmetry. We
      calculated the cumulative reaction probability for the total angular momentum
      J=0, from which the thermal rate constants were obtained for the temperature
      range between 250 and 500 K by employing the J-K shifting approximation. It is
      found that the eight-dimensional rate constants agree very well with the seven
      dimensional ones, in which the CH bond length in the nonreacting CH(3) group is
      fixed, suggesting that the additional mode for the symmetry stretching in CH(3)
      group does not have any important effect on the reaction within the temperature
      range considered here. The present transition state wave packet results agree
      well with rate constants obtained from the previous seven dimensional initial
      state selected wave packet study, indicating the consistence of the treatments
      involved in these two studies. On the other hand, it is found that the energy
      threshold for the cumulative reaction probability for J=0 from the present study
      is higher than that from the full dimensional multiconfiguration time-dependent
      Hartree study by about 0.06 eV, resulting in severe discrepancy between the
      present rate constants and the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree results.

PMID- 18154389
TI  - Theoretical predictions of nuclear magnetic resonance parameters in a novel
      organo-xenon species: chemical shifts and nuclear quadrupole couplings in HXeCCH.
AB  - We calibrate the methodology for the calculation of nuclear magnetic resonance
      (NMR) properties in novel organo-xenon compounds. The available state-of-the-art
      quantum-chemical approaches are combined and applied to the HXeCCH molecule as
      the model system. The studied properties are (129)Xe, (1)H, and (13)C chemical
      shifts and shielding anisotropies, as well as (131)Xe and (2)H nuclear quadrupole
      coupling constants. The aim is to obtain, as accurately as currently possible,
      converged results with respect to the basis set, electron correlation, and
      relativistic effects, including the coupling of relativity and correlation. This
      is done, on one hand, by nonrelativistic correlated ab initio calculations up to
      the CCSD(T) level and, on the other hand, for chemical shifts and shielding
      anisotropies by the leading-order relativistic Breit-Pauli perturbation theory
      (BPPT) with correlated ab initio and density-functional theory (DFT) reference
      states. BPPT at the uncorrelated Hartree-Fock level as well as the corresponding
      fully relativistic Dirac-Hartree-Fock method are found to be inapplicable due to
      a dramatic overestimation of relativistic effects, implying the influence of
      triplet instability in this multiply bonded system. In contrast, the fully
      relativistic second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory method can be
      applied for the quadrupole coupling, which is a ground-state electric property.
      The performance of DFT with various exchange-correlation functionals is found to
      be inadequate for the nonrelativistic shifts and shielding anisotropies as
      compared to the CCSD(T) results. The relativistic BPPT corrections to these
      quantities can, however, be reasonably predicted by DFT, due to the improved
      triplet excitation spectrum as compared to the Hartree-Fock method, as well as
      error cancellation within the five main BPPT contributions. We establish three
      computationally feasible models with characteristic error margins for future
      calculations of larger organo-xenon compounds to guide forthcoming experimental
      NMR efforts. The predicted (129)Xe chemical shift in HXeCCH is in a novel range
      for this nucleus, between weakly bonded or solvated atomic xenon and xenon in the
      hitherto characterized molecules.

PMID- 18154391
TI  - The hyperfine interaction in the A 2Pi1/2 and X 2Sigma+ states of ytterbium
      monofluoride.
AB  - The fine and hyperfine interaction parameters in the A (2)Pi(1/2)(v=0) and X
      (2)Sigma(+)(v=0) states of the odd metal nuclear spin isotopologues of ytterbium
      monofluoride, (171)YbF and (173)YbF, have been determined from an analysis of
      high-resolution laser induced fluorescence spectra of the A (2)Pi(12)<--X
      (2)Sigma(+)(0,0) band. The observed ground X (2)Sigma(+)(v=0) state
      (171)Yb(I=1/2) Fermi contact parameter is significantly smaller than that
      determined from the matrix isolation electron spin resonance measurement [Van Zee
      et al., J. Phys. Chem. 82, 1192 (1978)]. An interpretation of the (173,171)Yb
      magnetic hyperfine and nuclear electric quadrupole coupling parameters is given.

PMID- 18154390
TI  - Entropy-driven population distributions in a prototypical molecule with two
      flexible side chains: O-(2-acetamidoethyl)-N-acetyltyramine.
AB  - Resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI), resonant ion-dip infrared (RIDIR), and UV
      UV hole-burning spectroscopies have been employed to obtain conformation-specific
      infrared and ultraviolet spectra under supersonic expansion conditions for O-(2
      acetamidoethyl)-N-acetyltyramine (OANAT), a doubly substituted aromatic in which
      amide-containing alkyl and alkoxy side chains are located in para positions on a
      phenyl ring. For comparison, three single-chain analogs were also studied: (i) N
      phenethyl-acetamide (NPEA), (ii) N-(p-methoxyphenethyl-acetamide) (NMPEA), and
      (iii) N-(2-phenoxyethyl)-acetamide (NPOEA). Six conformations of OANAT have been
      resolved, with S(0)-S(1) origins ranging from 34,536 to 35,711 cm(-1), denoted A
      F, respectively. RIDIR spectra show that conformers A-C each possess an intense,
      broadened amide NH stretch fundamental shifted below 3400 cm(-1), indicative of
      the presence of an interchain H bond, while conformers D-F have both amide NH
      stretch fundamentals in the 3480-3495 cm(-1) region, consistent with independent
      chain structures with two free NH groups. NPEA has a single conformer with S(0)
      S(1) origin at 37,618 cm(-1). NMPEA has three conformers, two that dominate the
      R2P1 spectrum, with origin transitions between 35,580 and 35,632 cm(-1). Four
      conformations, one dominate and three minor, of NPOEA have been resolved with
      origins between 35,654 and 36,423 cm(-1). To aid the making of conformational
      assignments, the geometries of low-lying structures of all four molecules have
      been optimized and the associated harmonic vibrational frequencies calculated
      using density functional theory (DFT) and RIMP2 methods. The S(0)-S(1) adiabatic
      excitation energies have been calculated using the RICC2 method and vertical
      excitation energies using single-point time-dependent DFT. The sensitivity of the
      S(0)-S(1) energy separation in OANAT and NPOEA primarily arises from different
      orientations of the chain attached to the phenoxy group. Using the results of the
      single-chain analogs, tentative assignments have been made for the observed
      conformers of OANAT. The RIMP2 calculations predict that interchain H-bonded
      conformers of OANAT are 25-30 kJ/mol more stable than the extended-chain
      structures. However, the free energies of the interchain H-bonded and extended
      structures calculated at the preexpansion temperature (450 K) differ by less than
      10 kJ/mol, and the number of extended structures far outweighs the number of H
      bonded conformers. This entropy-driven effect explains the presence of the
      independent-chain conformers in the expansion, and cautions future studies that
      rely solely on relative energies of conformers in considering possible
      assignments.

PMID- 18154392
TI  - Density functional theory for the photoionization dynamics of uracil.
AB  - Photoionization dynamics of the RNA base uracil is studied in the framework of
      density functional theory. The photoionization calculations take advantage of a
      newly developed parallel version of a multicentric approach to the calculation of
      the electronic continuum spectrum which uses a set of B-spline radial basis
      functions and a Kohn-Sham density functional Hamiltonian. Both valence and core
      ionizations are considered. Scattering resonances in selected single-particle
      ionization channels are classified by the symmetry of the resonant state and the
      peak energy position in the photoelectron kinetic energy scale; the present
      results highlight once more the site specificity of core ionization processes. We
      further suggest that the resonant structures previously characterized in low
      energy electron collision experiments are partly shifted below threshold by the
      photoionization processes. A critical evaluation of the theoretical results
      provides a guide for future experimental work on similar biosystems.

PMID- 18154393
TI  - Infrared absorption of gaseous CH3OO detected with a step-scan Fourier-transform
      spectrometer.
AB  - CH(3)OO radicals were produced upon irradiation of a flowing mixture of CH(3)I
      and O(2) with a KrF excimer laser at 248 nm. A step-scan Fourier-transform
      spectrometer coupled with a multipass absorption cell was employed to record
      temporally resolved IR absorption spectra of reaction intermediates. Transient
      absorption bands with origins at 3033, 2954, 1453, 1408, 1183, 1117, 3020, and
      1441 cm(-1) are assigned to nu(1)-nu(6), nu(9), and nu(10) modes of CH(3)OO,
      respectively, close to wavenumbers reported for CH(3)OO isolated in solid Ar.
      Calculations with density-functional theory (B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ) predicted the
      geometry and the vibrational wavenumbers of CH(3)OO; the vibrational wavenumbers
      and relative IR intensities of CH(3)OO agree satisfactorily with these observed
      features. The rotational contours of IR spectra of CH(3)OO, simulated based on
      ratios of predicted rotational parameters for the upper and lower states and on
      experimental rotational parameters of the ground state, agree satisfactorily with
      experimental results; the mixing ratios of a-, b-, and c-types of rotational
      structures were evaluated based on the direction of dipole derivatives predicted
      quantum chemically. A feature at 995 cm(-1), ascribed to CH(3)OOI from a
      secondary reaction of CH(3)OO with I, was also observed.

PMID- 18154394
TI  - A theoretical study on the frequency-dependent electric conductivity of
      electrolyte solutions.
AB  - The theory on the ultrasonic absorption of electrolyte solutions we have proposed
      previously [T. Yamaguchi et al., J. Chem. Phys. 126, 144505 (2007)] is extended
      to calculate the frequency-dependent electric conductivity of the solution. The
      ionic contribution of the dielectric relaxation spectrum is obtained at the same
      time. The theory is able to handle the contributions of both the ion-pair
      dynamics and the relaxation of ionic atmosphere, as is the case of ultrasonic
      absorption. The effect of the barrier height between the contact and solvent
      separated ion pairs is investigated in detail. It is clarified that the
      competition between the dissociation and reorientational relaxation rates of the
      contact ion pair is an important factor for the ion pair to be regarded as the
      ion pair in terms of ionic conductivity.

PMID- 18154395
TI  - Calculation of two-dimensional infrared spectra of ultrafast chemical exchange
      with numerical Langevin simulations.
AB  - We combine numerical Langevin simulations with numerical integration of the
      Schrodinger equation to calculate two-dimensional infrared spectra of ultrafast
      chemical exchange. This provides a tool to model and interpret such spectra of
      molecules undergoing chemical processes, such as isomerization and solvent
      exchange reactions. Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy has already been used
      to extract reaction rates for ultrafast chemical reactions. We demonstrate that
      these spectra are not only sensitive to the rates, but also to the finite
      duration of the exchange. This is emphasised by comparing with the popular Kubo
      two-state jump models, which do not account for finite exchange times.

PMID- 18154396
TI  - On the collective network of ionic liquid/water mixtures. I. Orientational
      structure.
AB  - In this work, the collective structure of aqueous solutions of ionic liquids was
      studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Various concentrations of 1
      butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate and TIP3P water were simulated at
      the very same size of the simulation box. For the analysis, the ternary system
      cation/anion/water was subdivided into binary networks. The local structure of
      each of these six networks is investigated by atom-atom radial distribution
      functions as well as by the so-called g coefficients, which reveal the mutual
      orientation of the network constituting partners. Furthermore, the collective
      structure of the whole samples was characterized by the contribution of each
      species to the static dielectric constant epsilon(omega=0) and to the Kirkwood
      G(K) factor. The combination of the analysis tools mentioned above provides
      knowledge about the cross-linking of the ionic species with the dipolar water.
      Thereby, the interplay between charge-charge and hydrogen bond networks is
      analyzed in detail.

PMID- 18154397
TI  - The vibrational spectra of protonated water clusters: a benchmark for self
      consistent-charge density-functional tight binding.
AB  - Proton transfers are involved in many chemical processes in solution and in
      biological systems. Although water molecules have been known to transiently
      facilitate proton transfers, the possibility that water molecules may serve as
      the "storage site" for proton in biological systems has only been raised in
      recent years. To characterize the structural and possibly the dynamic nature of
      these protonated water clusters, it is important to use effective computational
      techniques to properly interpret experimental spectroscopic measurements of
      condensed phase systems. Bearing this goal in mind, we systematically benchmark
      the self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) method for
      the description of vibrational spectra of protonated water clusters in the gas
      phase, which became available only recently with infrared multiphoton
      photodissociation and infrared predissociation spectroscopic experiments. It is
      found that SCC-DFTB qualitatively reproduces the important features in the
      vibrational spectra of protonated water clusters, especially concerning the
      characteristic signatures of clusters of various sizes. In agreement with recent
      ab initio molecular dynamics studies, it is found that dynamical effects play an
      important role in determining the vibrational properties of these water clusters.
      Considering computational efficiency, these benchmark calculations suggest that
      the SCC-DFTB/molecular mechanical approach can be an effective tool for probing
      the structural and dynamic features of protonated water molecules in biomolecular
      systems.

PMID- 18154398
TI  - Tuning intramolecular anharmonic vibrational coupling in 4-nitroaniline by
      solvent-solute interaction.
AB  - Applying a combined experimental and theoretical approach we demonstrate that
      doublets of the nu(s)(NO(2)) band of 4-nitroaniline which have been observed in
      several environments originate from Fermi resonances. Changes of the line shapes
      typical for Fermi resonances are reported also for other isotopomers of 4
      nitroaniline, however, for each of them in different solvents and solvent
      mixtures. Simulations of the infrared spectra based on the solvatochromic
      frequency shifts of the nu(s)(NO(2)) vibration determined experimentally together
      with calculated cubic couplings with overtones and combination bands account for
      the experimental findings.

PMID- 18154399
TI  - Density fingering in spatially modulated Hele-Shaw cells.
AB  - Density fingering of the chlorite-tetrathionate reaction has been studied
      experimentally in a periodically heterogeneous Hele-Shaw cell where the
      heterogeneity is introduced in the form of spatial modulation of gap width along
      the front. Depending on the spatial wavelength, gap width, and chemical
      composition, three types of cellular structures have been observed. The initial
      evolution is characterized by dispersion curves, while the long time behavior is
      described by the change in the autocorrelation function of the front profile and
      in the mixing length of the patterns.

PMID- 18154400
TI  - Patchy sticky hard spheres: analytical study and Monte Carlo simulations.
AB  - We consider a fluid of hard spheres bearing one or two uniform circular adhesive
      patches, distributed so as not to overlap. Two spheres interact via a "sticky"
      Baxter potential if the line joining the centers of the two spheres intersects a
      patch on each sphere, and via a hard sphere potential otherwise. We analyze the
      location of the fluid-fluid transition and of the percolation line as a function
      of the size of the patch (the fractional coverage of the sphere's surface) and of
      the number of patches within a virial expansion up to third order and within the
      first two terms (C0 and C1) of a class of closures Cn hinging on a density
      expansion of the direct correlation function. We find that the locations of the
      two lines depend sensitively on both the total adhesive coverage and its
      distribution. The treatment is almost fully analytical within the chosen
      approximate theory. We test our findings by means of specialized Monte Carlo
      simulations and find the main qualitative features of the critical behavior to be
      well captured in spite of the low density perturbative nature of the closure. The
      introduction of anisotropic attractions into a model suspension of spherical
      particles is a first step toward a more realistic description of globular
      proteins in solution.

PMID- 18154401
TI  - Solvent-averaged potentials for alkali-, earth alkali-, and alkylammonium halide
      aqueous solutions.
AB  - We derive effective, solvent-free ion-ion potentials for alkali-, earth alkali-,
      and alkylammonium halide aqueous solutions. The implicit solvent potentials are
      parametrized to reproduce experimental osmotic coefficients. The modeling
      approach minimizes the amount of input required from atomistic (force field)
      models, which usually predict large variations in the effective ion-ion
      potentials at short distances. For the smaller ion species, the reported
      potentials are composed of a Coulomb and a Weeks-Chandler-Andersen term. For
      larger ions, we find that an additional, attractive potential is required at the
      contact minimum, which is related to solvent degrees of freedom that are usually
      not accounted for in standard electrostatics models. The reported potentials
      provide a simple and accurate force field for use in molecular dynamics and Monte
      Carlo simulations of (poly-)electrolyte systems.

PMID- 18154402
TI  - Homogeneous nucleation and growth in supersaturated zinc vapor investigated by
      molecular dynamics simulation.
AB  - Homogeneous nucleation and growth of zinc from supersaturated vapor are
      investigated by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations in the temperature
      range from 400 to 800 K and for a supersaturation ranging from log S=2 to 11.
      Argon is added to the vapor phase as carrier gas to remove the latent heat from
      the forming zinc clusters. A new parametrization of the embedded atom method for
      zinc is employed for the interaction potential model. The simulation data are
      analyzed with respect to the nucleation rates and the critical cluster sizes by
      two different methods, namely, the threshold method of Yasuoka and Matsumoto [J.
      Chem. Phys. 109, 8451 (1998)] and the mean first passage time method for
      nucleation by Wedekind et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 126, 134103 (2007)]. The nucleation
      rates obtained by these methods differ approximately by one order of magnitude.
      Classical nucleation theory fails to describe the simulation data as well as the
      experimental data. The size of the critical cluster obtained by the mean first
      passage time method is significantly larger than that obtained from the
      nucleation theorem.

PMID- 18154403
TI  - Validation of NMR relaxation exchange time measurements in porous media.
AB  - Two-dimensional T(2)-T(2) NMR relaxation exchange spectroscopy has been applied
      to model porous media composed of mixtures of nonporous borosilicate and soda
      lime glass spheres in water. The spheres had a mean diameter of 100 microm, thus
      providing an approximately constant characteristic pore dimension throughout the
      structures, while the use of two glass types ensured that water in different pore
      space regions had significantly different T(2) relaxation rates. The packed beds
      were constructed in various ways with controlled glass type domain sizes to
      rigorously validate a model for region-to-region exchange of water. From the
      determined exchange times, the corresponding length scales were calculated based
      on the molecular self-diffusion of water; these agreed to better than +/-25% with
      the expected domain sizes. Furthermore, exchange distances on the order of the
      pore size were observed in thoroughly mixed systems. Depending on the relaxation
      rates present in the sample, this technique can provide estimates of length
      scales ranging from microns to millimeters.

PMID- 18154404
TI  - Pulsed field gradient NMR study of phenol binding and exchange in dispersions of
      hollow polyelectrolyte capsules.
AB  - The distribution and exchange dynamics of phenol molecules in colloidal
      dispersions of submicron hollow polymeric capsules is investigated by pulsed
      field gradient NMR (PFG-NMR). The capsules are prepared by layer-by-layer
      assembly of polyelectrolyte multilayers on silica particles, followed by
      dissolution of the silica core. In capsule dispersion, (1)H PFG echo decays of
      phenol are single exponentials, implying fast exchange of phenol between a free
      site and a capsule-bound site. However, apparent diffusion coefficients extracted
      from the echo decays depend on the diffusion time, which is typically not the
      case for the fast exchange limit. We attribute this to a particular regime, where
      apparent diffusion coefficients are observed, which arise from the signal of free
      phenol only but are influenced by exchange with molecules bound to the capsule,
      which exhibit a very fast spin relaxation. Indeed, relaxation rates of phenol are
      strongly enhanced in the presence of capsules, indicating binding to the capsule
      wall rather than encapsulation in the interior. We present a quantitative
      analysis in terms of a combined diffusion-relaxation model, where exchange times
      can be determined from diffusion and spin relaxation experiments even in this
      particular regime, where the bound site acts as a relaxation sink. The result of
      the analysis yields exchange times between free phenol and phenol bound to the
      capsule wall, which are on the order of 30 ms and thus slower than the diffusion
      controlled limit. From bound and free fractions an adsorption isotherm of phenol
      to the capsule wall is extracted. The binding mechanism and the exchange
      mechanism are discussed. The introduction of the global analysis of diffusion as
      well as relaxation echo decays presented here is of large relevance for
      adsorption dynamics in colloidal systems or other systems, where the standard
      diffusion echo decay analysis is complicated by rapidly relaxing boundary
      conditions.

PMID- 18154405
TI  - Surface species produced in the radiolysis of zirconia nanoparticles.
AB  - Modifications to water-zirconia nanoparticle interfaces induced by gamma
      irradiation have been examined using diffuse reflection infrared Fourier
      transform (DRIFT), Raman scattering, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
      techniques. Spectroscopy with in situ heating was used to probe variations in the
      dissociatively bound chemisorbed water on the zirconia nanoparticles following
      evaporation of the physisorbed water. DRIFT spectra show that the bridged Zr-OH
      Zr species decreases relative to the terminal Zr-OH species upon irradiation. No
      variation is observed with Raman scattering, indicating that the zirconia
      morphology is unchanged. EPR measurements suggest the possible formation of the
      superoxide ion, presumably by modification of the surface OH groups. Trapped
      electrons and interstitial H atoms are also observed by EPR.

PMID- 18154406
TI  - Effects of geometrical characteristics of surface roughness on droplet wetting.
AB  - Surface roughness is known to alter the wettability on a solid substrate. In
      general, either Wenzel or Cassie-Baxter theory is adopted to describe the
      apparent contact angle. Following the minimum free energy pathway associated with
      the imbibition process, we have derived a generalized expression for the apparent
      contact angle on a textured surface and the liquid-gas contact area within the
      groove that plays a key role. Depending on the geometrical characteristics of the
      grooves, the surface wetting falls into three regimes: (i) single stable state
      which is either Wenzel (completely wetted roughness) or Cassie-Baxter (completely
      nonwetted roughness) state, (ii) two stable states (Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter)
      separated by an energy barrier, and (iii) single stable state with partially
      wetted roughness. The sufficient condition for each regime is derived and several
      groove geometries are given to show the free energy path. Alteration in the
      geometric parameters may lead to the wetting crossover. We also show that the
      Cassie-Baxter can occur at a hydrophilic surface for particular pore shapes.

PMID- 18154408
TI  - Insight into the adsorption competition and the relationship between dissociation
      and association reactions in ammonia synthesis.
AB  - Ammonia synthesis on three metal surfaces (Zr, Ru, and Pd) is investigated using
      density functional theory calculations. In addition to N(2) dissociation, all the
      transition states of the hydrogenation reactions from N to NH(3) are located and
      the reaction energy profiles at both low and high surface coverages are compared
      and analyzed. The following are found: (i) Surface coverage effect on
      dissociation reactions is more significant than that on association reactions.
      (ii) The difference between N and H chemisorption energies, the so-called
      chemisorption energy gap which is a measure of adsorption competition, is vital
      to the reactivity of the catalysts. (iii) The hydrogenation barriers can
      considerably affect the overall rate of ammonia synthesis. A simple model to
      describe the relationship between dissociation and association reactions is
      proposed.

PMID- 18154407
TI  - The structural and electronic properties of Ag-adsorbed (SiO2)n (n=1-7) clusters.
AB  - Equilibrium geometries, charge distributions, stabilities, and electronic
      properties of the Ag-adsorbed (SiO(2))(n) (n=1-7) clusters have been investigated
      using density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation for
      exchange-correlation functional. The results show that the Ag atom preferably
      binds to silicon atom with dangling bond in nearly a fixed direction, and the
      incoming Ag atoms tend to cluster on the existing Ag cluster leading to the
      formation of Ag islands. The adsorbed Ag atom only causes charge redistributions
      of the atoms near itself. The effect of the adsorbed Ag atom on the bonding
      natures and structural features of the silica clusters is minor, attributing to
      the tendency of stability order of Ag(SiO(2))(n) (n=1-7) clusters in consistent
      with silica clusters. In addition, the energy gaps between the highest occupied
      and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals remarkably decrease compared with the
      pure (SiO(2))(n) (n=1-7) clusters, eventually approaching the near infrared
      radiation region. This suggests that these small clusters may be an alternative
      material which has a similar functionality in treating cancer to the large gold
      coated silica nanoshells and the small Au(3)(SiO(2))(3) cluster.

PMID- 18154409
TI  - Pathway to copolymer collapse in dilute solution: uniform versus random
      distribution of comonomers.
AB  - Monte Carlo simulations show that copolymers with uniformly (or periodically)
      distributed sticky comonomers collapse "cooperatively," abruptly forming a
      compact intermediate comprising a monomer shell surrounding a core of the
      aggregated comonomers. In comparison, random copolymers collapse through a
      relatively less-compact intermediate comprising a comonomer core surrounded by a
      fluffy monomer shell that densifies over a wide temperature range. This
      difference between the collapse pathways for random and uniform copolymers
      persists to higher chain lengths, where uniform copolymers tend to form multiple
      comonomer cores. In this paper, we describe the formation of such an intermediate
      state, and the subsequent collapse, by recognizing that these arise from the
      expected balance between comonomer aggregation enthalpy and loop formation
      entropy dictated by the chain microstructure.

PMID- 18154410
TI  - Brownian dynamics simulations of polyelectrolyte adsorption in shear flow with
      hydrodynamic interaction.
AB  - The adsorption of single polyelectrolyte molecules in shear flow is studied using
      Brownian dynamics simulations with hydrodynamic interaction (HI). Simulations are
      performed with bead-rod and bead-spring chains, and electrostatic interactions
      are incorporated through a screened Coulombic potential with excluded volume
      accounted for by the repulsive part of a Lennard-Jones potential. A correction to
      the Rotne-Prager-Yamakawa tensor is derived that accounts for the presence of a
      planar wall. The simulations show that migration away from an uncharged wall,
      which is due to bead-wall HI, is enhanced by increases in the strength of flow
      and intrachain electrostatic repulsion, consistent with kinetic theory
      predictions. When the wall and polyelectrolyte are oppositely charged, chain
      behavior depends on the strength of electrostatic screening. For strong
      screening, chains get depleted from a region close to the wall and the thickness
      of this depletion layer scales as N(1/3)Wi(2/3) at high Wi, where N is the chain
      length and Wi is the Weissenberg number. At intermediate screening, bead-wall
      electrostatic attraction competes with bead-wall HI, and it is found that there
      is a critical Weissenberg number for desorption which scales as N(-1/2)kappa(
      3)(l(B)|sigmaq|)(3/2), where kappa is the inverse screening length, l(B) is the
      Bjerrum length, sigma is the surface charge density, and q is the bead charge.
      When the screening is weak, adsorbed chains are observed to align in the
      vorticity direction at low shear rates due to the effects of repulsive
      intramolecular interactions. At higher shear rates, the chains align in the flow
      direction. The simulation method and results of this work are expected to be
      useful for a number of applications in biophysics and materials science in which
      polyelectrolyte adsorption plays a key role.

PMID- 18154411
TI  - A group contribution method for associating chain molecules based on the
      statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT-gamma).
AB  - A predictive group-contribution statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT-gamma)
      is developed by extending the molecular-based SAFT-VR equation of state [A. Gil
      Villegas et al. J. Chem. Phys. 106, 4168 (1997)] to treat heteronuclear molecules
      which are formed from fused segments of different types. Our models are thus a
      heteronuclear generalization of the standard models used within SAFT, comparable
      to the optimized potentials for the liquid state OPLS models commonly used in
      molecular simulation; an advantage of our SAFT-gamma over simulation is that an
      algebraic description for the thermodynamic properties of the model molecules can
      be developed. In our SAFT-gamma approach, each functional group in the molecule
      is modeled as a united-atom spherical (square-well) segment. The different groups
      are thus characterized by size (diameter), energy (well depth) and range
      parameters representing the dispersive interaction, and by shape factor
      parameters (which denote the extent to which each group contributes to the
      overall molecular properties). For associating groups a number of bonding sites
      are included on the segment: in this case the site types, the number of sites of
      each type, and the appropriate association energy and range parameters also have
      to be specified. A number of chemical families (n-alkanes, branched alkanes, n
      alkylbenzenes, mono- and diunsaturated hydrocarbons, and n-alkan-1-ols) are
      treated in order to assess the quality of the SAFT-gamma description of the vapor
      liquid equilibria and to estimate the parameters of various functional groups.
      The group parameters for the functional groups present in these compounds (CH(3),
      CH(2), CH(3)CH, ACH, ACCH(2), CH(2)=, CH=, and OH) together with the unlike
      energy parameters between groups of different types are obtained from an optimal
      description of the pure component phase equilibria. The approach is found to
      describe accurately the vapor-liquid equilibria with an overall %AAD of 3.60% for
      the vapor pressure and 0.86% for the saturated liquid density. The fluid phase
      equilibria of some larger compounds comprising these groups, which are not
      included in the optimization database and some binary mixtures are examined to
      confirm the predictive capability of the SAFT-gamma approach. A key advantage of
      our method is that the binary interaction parameters between groups can be
      estimated directly from an examination of pure components alone. This means that
      as a first approximation the fluid-phase equilibria of mixtures of compounds
      comprising the groups considered can be predicted without the need for any
      adjustment of the binary interaction parameters (which is common in other
      approaches). The special case of molecular models comprising tangentially bonded
      (all-atom and united-atom) segments is considered separately; we comment on the
      adequacy of such models in representing the properties of real molecules.

PMID- 18154414
TI  - Definition and etiology of metabolic syndrome.

PMID- 18154415
TI  - Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism
      with metabolic syndrome in Iranians with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism has
      been shown to be associated with diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery
      diseases, and diabetic nephropathy. The objective of this study was to
      investigate whether angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion
      polymorphism is associated with metabolic syndrome in Iranians with type 2
      diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A total of 170 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
      and 91 control subjects were studied. The angiotensin-converting enzyme
      insertion/deletion polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
      utilizing specific primers. The definition and criteria of metabolic syndrome
      used in this study matched that proposed in 1998 World Health Organization
      classification. RESULTS: Of 170 patients studied, 119 (70%) fulfilled the
      criteria for metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of angiotensin-converting enzyme
      genotype in the control subjects with DD, ID, and II genotype was 13.2%, 47.3%,
      and 39.5%, respectively. In patients with metabolic syndrome, the prevalence was
      26.9%, 56.3%, and 16.8%, respectively; in patients without metabolic syndrome, it
      was 21.6%, 62.7%, and 15.7%, respectively. The angiotensin-converting enzyme
      insertion/deletion polymorphism was not significantly associated with presence of
      metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes (P=0.711). The frequency of
      DD genotype in the metabolic syndrome group (26.9%) was higher than that (21.6%)
      in those without metabolic syndrome (P=0.447) and the control group (13.2%,
      P=0.02). The frequency of D allele in metabolic syndrome patients was 55.1% as
      compared to those patients without metabolic syndrome (52.9%, P=0.72) and the
      control subjects (36.8%, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: It seems that the DD genotype
      and/or D allele of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene may increase the risk for
      developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, but not metabolic syndrome.

PMID- 18154416
TI  - Overweight adolescents: a group at risk for metabolic syndrome (Tehran adolescent
      obesity study).
AB  - BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome not only is a serious problem for adults, but is
      also afflicting an increasing number of children and adolescents. This syndrome
      is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The
      aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a
      sample of Iranian adolescents. METHODS: A total of 554 overweight adolescents
      (aged 11 - 17 years) participated in a community-based cross sectional survey.
      Anthropometric examinations including height, weight, body mass index, and blood
      pressure were assessed. A fasting blood sample was taken for measurement of
      glucose and lipid profile. Metabolic syndrome was determined by the definition
      released by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III,
      which was modified for age. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome
      was 26.6%. There was no gender difference in the distribution of metabolic
      syndrome. When stratified by body mass index, 22.5% were overweight (BMI> or
      =95th percentile) besides having the criteria for metabolic syndrome, while the
      remaining 4.1% of the adolescents were at risk for overweight (BMI between 85th
      and 95th percentile) together with metabolic syndrome. Hypertriglyceridemia was
      the most common and high-density lipoprotein was the least common constituent of
      metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: This study suggests a high prevalence of
      metabolic syndrome among overweight Iranian adolescents. This poses a serious
      threat to the current and future health of Iranian youth.

PMID- 18154417
TI  - Needle-knife fistulotomy versus standard method for cannulation of common bile
      duct: a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with endoscopic
      sphincterotomy has become widely available for the treatment of pancreatobiliary
      diseases; however, it has mortality and complications. The aim of this study was
      to compare the success rates and complications of two different methods of common
      bile duct cannulation. METHODS: From June 2003 though February 2004, patients who
      were candidates for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and/or
      endoscopic sphincterotomy were randomly divided into two groups: standard
      cannulation (group A) and suprapapillary needle-knife fistulotomy (group B).
      Postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis, cholangitis,
      bleeding, and perforation were evaluated. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighteen cases
      (86 males and 132 females with a mean+/-SD age of 56.2+/-17.5 years) were
      enrolled in this study. Group A, contained 112 patients and group B included 106
      patients. In group A, the final cannulation success was achieved in 100 patients
      (89.3%). Cannulation was successful in 88 patients (83.0%) in group B. Difficulty
      in cannulation occurred more frequently in group A (25.5% vs. 2.6%, P=0.002).
      There were two patients in group B and three patients in group A who developed
      pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Perforation
      occurred in one patient in group B, which was improved with medical support.
      Bleeding and cholangitis were not occurred in any of the groups. The overall
      complication rate was 3/112 in group A and 3/106 in group B. CONCLUSION: Needle
      knife fistulotomy is safe and can be applied as an effective alternative to
      standard technique for common bile duct cannulation in expert hands.

PMID- 18154418
TI  - Clinical and laboratory findings in neurobrucellosis: review of 31 cases.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Neurobrucellosis is an uncommon complication of brucellosis. The
      clinical features of neurobrucellosis vary greatly and, in general, tend to be
      chronic. Many of the laboratory procedures usually employed in the diagnosis of
      brucellosis frequently give negative results. For these reasons, and because
      brucellosis is a disease, which is both treatable and curable, the degree of
      suspicion must be high, especially in endemic areas, so that an early diagnosis
      can be made to allow suitable treatment to be established. METHODS: A
      retrospective analysis of 31 cases of neurobrucellosis was carried out. RESULTS:
      Meningitis and meningoencephalitis were the most common form of neurobrucellosis
      in our patients. The most commonly-used antibiotics were combinations of
      rifampin, doxycycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. CONCLUSION: The
      differential diagnosis of neurobrucellosis is wide. However, the disease should
      be ruled out in all patients who develop unexplained neurological symptoms,
      especially in those who live in endemic areas.

PMID- 18154419
TI  - Cyclosporine in the treatment of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Therapeutic approach to patients with idiopathic
      membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is still controversial. Because it is
      more common in developing countries, the studies about it are limited. METHODS:
      We used cyclosporine to treat 18 patients with membranoproliferative
      glomerulonephritis who were resistant to other treatment protocols such as using
      aspirin, dipyridamole, or steroids. All patients were treated with cyclosporine
      plus low-dose prednisone and were followed for an average 108 weeks. RESULTS:
      Partial or complete remission of proteinuria occurred in 94% of the patients
      (P<0.01). Relapse occurred in one (14.2%) of remitters after discontinuation of
      the drug. But the remainder stayed in remission to the end of the observation
      period. There was a 507% decrease in the baseline creatinine clearance in one
      patient (5.5%). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that cyclosporine may be an
      effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of resistant idiopathic
      membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Although the response is appeared later
      than other types of glomerulonephritis, but a long-term decrease in proteinuria
      and preservation of filtration function were observed in a significant proportion
      of the treated patients.

PMID- 18154420
TI  - Management of cystic craniopharyngiomas with intracavitary irradiation with 32P.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cystic craniopharyngiomas are the most frequent intracranial neoplasm
      of nonglial origin in children. Follow-up data were analyzed to assess the value
      of intracavitary irradiation with stereotactically applied 32P radioisotopes for
      the treatment of patients with craniopharyngioma cysts admitted to Shohada
      Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between 1998 and 2005. METHODS: Patients with
      predominantly cystic craniopharyngiomas, who underwent stereotactic intracavitary
      irradiation, were followed for tumor response and complications. Beta-emitting
      32P isotopes were injected into cysts using a computed tomography-guided and
      computer-assisted three-dimensional stereotactic treatment planning and
      application system. The cumulative dose to the inner surface of the cyst wall was
      250 Gy. RESULTS: Twenty-two (12 females and 10 males) patients with a mean+/-SD
      age of 14.0+/-6.6 (range: six to 35) years were studied. The tumor response rate
      gained with 32P-labeled chromic phosphate was 73% (16 of 22 cysts). The mean+/-SD
      survival after intracavitary irradiation was 25.4+/-6.8 (95% CI: 12.0 - 38.7)
      months. CONCLUSION: Intracavitary irradiation using 32P is highly effective in
      the treatment of cystic craniopharyngiomas. In patients with solitary cyst
      treated exclusively with this method, it has been the only necessary therapy over
      a long period. It seems reasonable to recommend intracavitary irradiation as the
      initial treatment for selected patients and as palliative therapy in those with
      recurrence.

PMID- 18154421
TI  - Evaluation of hematopoietic chimerism following allogeneic peripheral blood stem
      cell transplantation with amelogenin marker.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Monitoring the engraftment of donor cells after allogeneic stem cell
      transplantation is important for the early diagnosis of graft failure or relapse
      of disease. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the application of
      the amelogenin gene for the assessment of chimerism in samples of patients who
      had received a sex-mismatched stem cell transplantation. METHODS: A polymerase
      chain reaction technique was developed using a set of amelogenin gene primers
      alone and/or in combination with short tandem repeats primers and was preformed
      on blood and/or bone marrow aspiration samples of 30 recipient patients after
      transplantation. The technique was then set up as a routine procedure, from
      September 2000 through April 2006, more than 1400 samples taken from 300 stem
      cell transplantation patients suffering from different types of leukemia and
      nonmalignant hematologic disorders were evaluated for detection of chimerism
      after transplantation. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the test was as low as 1 - 2%.
      The ratio of X/Y fragments was as the mixed chimerism. In 90% of the patients,
      amelogenin marker was as informative as short tandem repeats markers, as
      confirmed by the clinical outcome. In 5% of the patients, when there was no pre-
      bone marrow transplantation sample from either donor or recipient, the
      applicability of this assay became crucial to our treating physicians.
      CONCLUSION: The application of the amelogenin marker alone or in combination with
      the short tandem repeats system can be used for relative quantitative analysis of
      mixed chimerism and for observing kinetics of engraftment in patients who have
      sex-mismatched bone marrow transplantation. Amelogenin polymerase chain reaction
      analysis showed an excellent correlation with the short tandem repeats-polymerase
      chain reaction results.

PMID- 18154422
TI  - Differential effects of long-chain fatty acids and clofibrate on gene expression
      profiles in cardiomyocytes.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The link between dietary fat and coronary heart disease has attracted
      much attention since the effect of long-chain fatty acids on gene transcription
      has been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of
      long-chain fatty acids and clofibrate on mRNA levels of specific lipid metabolism
      related genes and to determine their effects on global transcriptome levels in a
      cardiovascular cell-line. METHODS: After culturing P19CL6 cells with long-chain
      fatty acids or clofibrate, the expression levels of heart-type fatty-acid binding
      protein and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARalpha,beta,gamma)
      were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Additionally,
      global transcriptome profiles were compared using microarray analysis. RESULTS:
      Long-chain fatty acids significantly increased the abundance of PPAR and PPAR.
      Moreover, microarray analysis showed that the effects of linoleic and -linolenic
      acids, and clofibrate were similar but differed from those of palmitic and oleic
      acids. CONCLUSION: These findings show that cellular responses to polyunsaturated
      fatty acids differ from those observed with saturated and monounsaturated fatty
      acids.

PMID- 18154423
TI  - Obturator bypass as an alternative technique for revascularization in patients
      with infected femoral pseudoaneurysms.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Management of the infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysm has remained
      controversial. Although common femoral artery ligation and local debridement is
      an acceptable approach, some patients need revascularization for the treatment of
      leg ischemia or intermittent claudication. In this study, we report obturator
      bypass as an alternative technique that has been done at Sina Hospital, Tehran,
      Iran during a 10-year period. METHODS: This was a retrospective study and the
      data were obtained from the patients' medical records. RESULTS: Ten obturator
      bypasses were done on nine patients. Two cases had previous history of ligation
      of the femoral artery branches. One death and two forefoot amputations occurred.
      CONCLUSION: Femoral artery ligation has been suggested as the treatment of choice
      for the management of infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysms. Among the extra
      anatomic bypasses, the obturator bypass is an acceptable alternative with
      favorable results.

PMID- 18154424
TI  - Serum inhibin B concentration as a prognostic factor for prediction of sperm
      retrieval in testis biopsy of patients with azoospermia.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to determine if serum inhibin B
      concentration can predict spermatogenesis in azoospermic infertile men. METHODS:
      This cross-sectional study included 70 patients with male-factor infertility
      referred to Alvand and Vali-e-Asr Infertility Centers, Tehran, Iran. All patients
      had azoospermia. Standard evaluation consisted of history and physical
      examination with extreme attention to sexual history and testis examination
      including testis size, consistency, and presence of varicocele. Laboratory
      evaluation done for all cases consisted of FSH, testosterone, LH, prolactin, and
      inhibin B. Testis biopsy was performed in all cases with acceptable testis volume
      and FSH. The mean inhibin B level was compared in groups with positive and
      negative sperm retrieval. RESULTS: The mean+/-SEM age of 70 azoospermic patients
      was 32.1+/-6.2 (range: 20 - 50) years. All couples had primary infertility with a
      mean+/-SEM duration of infertility of 74.3+/-7.7 months. The mean+/-SEM
      testicular volume was 10.14+/-0.75 mL. The mean+/-SEM FSH and LH levels were
      17.55+/-1.68, and 11.33+/-0.99 mIU/mL, respectively. The mean+/-SEM serum
      prolactin and testosterone levels were 308.77+/-17.35 and 5.45+/-0.91 ng/dL,
      respectively. The mean+/-SEM serum inhibin B concentration was 138.23+/-28.58
      (range: 15 - 1500) pg/mL. Sperm was not retrieved in 82% of the patients; in 13%
      of the cases, biopsy revealed spermatogenesis. The mean+/-SEM serum FSH level of
      positive and negative groups was 9.78+/-2.13 and 22.56+/-2.46 mIU/mL,
      respectively (P<0.05). The mean serum LH, prolactin, and testosterone levels were
      not statistically different between the two groups. The mean+/-SEM serum inhibin
      B was 129+/-45.46, and 158.93+/-47.24 pg/mL in positive and negative groups,
      respectively (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Inhibin B concentration is not an appropriate
      predicting factor for testicular spermatogenesis.

PMID- 18154425
TI  - The effect of high and low glycemic index diets on urinary chromium in healthy
      individuals: a cross-over study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Insufficient dietary intake of chromium as an essential nutrient
      leads to signs and symptoms that are similar to those observed for diabetes and
      cardiovascular diseases. We postulate that in healthy individuals, urinary
      chromium excretion following a high glycemic index diet is higher than after a
      low glycemic index diet. METHODS: A sequential randomized controlled cross-over
      study was carried out at the Metabolic Unit of Nutrition Department of King's
      College London. Sixteen healthy individuals aged 18 - 60 years were recruited
      from 26 volunteers. A low or high glycemic index diet (as the main meals/day) was
      given to the volunteers over six days. Fasting blood glucose and insulin changes
      were determined and 24-hr urine samples were collected to measure chromium
      excretion before intervention and every second day within each treatment with a
      one wash-out period using Dynamic Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass
      Spectrometer. RESULTS: During the six-day diet study, there were no significant
      differences in 24-hr urinary chromium losses between the two groups following the
      low glycemic index (0.58+/-0.08 microg/24 hr) and high glycemic index diets
      (0.48+/-0.06 microg/24 hr). However, during day six there was a trend towards
      greater loss of chromium after the high glycemic index diet (0.73+/-0.1 microg/24
      hr) in comparison with the low glycemic index diet (0.54+/-0.07 microg/24 hr).
      CONCLUSION: Evidence that urinary chromium loses following the high glycemic
      index diets have not been clearly demonstrated in normal subjects. These results
      suggest that chromium excretion may need to be observed for longer than six days
      to address this question.

PMID- 18154426
TI  - Neurotoxic disorders of organophosphorus compounds and their managements.
AB  - Organophosphorus compounds have been used as pesticides and as chemical warfare
      nerve agents. The mechanism of toxicity of organophosphorus compounds is the
      inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, which results in accumulation of
      acetylcholine and the continued stimulation of acetylcholine receptors.
      Therefore, they are also called anticholinesterase agents. Organophosphorus
      pesticides have largely been used worldwide, and poisoning by these agents,
      particularly in developing countries, is a serious health problem.
      Organophosphorus nerve agents were used by Iraqi army against Iranian combatants
      and even civilian population in 1983 - 1988. They were also used for chemical
      terrorism in Japan in 1994 - 1995. Their use is still a constant threat to the
      population. Therefore, medical and health professionals should be aware and learn
      more about the toxicology and proper management of organophosphorus poisoning.
      Determination of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity in blood
      remains a mainstay for the fast initial screening of organophosphorus compounds
      but lacks sensitivity and specificity. Quantitative analysis of organophosphorus
      compounds and their degradation products in plasma and urine by mass
      spectrometric methods may prove exposure but is expensive and is limited to
      specialized laboratories. However, history of exposure to organophosphorous
      compounds and clinical manifestations of a cholinergic syndrome are sufficient
      for management of the affected patients. The standard management of poisoning
      with organophosphorous compounds consists of decontamination, and injection of
      atropine sulfate with an oxime. Recent advances on treatment of organophosphorus
      pesticides poisoning revealed that blood alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate
      and also magnesium sulfate as adjunctive therapies are promising. Patients who
      receive prompt proper treatment usually recover from acute toxicity but may
      suffer from neurologic complications.

PMID- 18154427
TI  - The effect of methylprednisolone pulse-therapy plus oral cyclosporine in the
      treatment of alopecia totalis and universalis.
AB  - The exact etiology of alopecia areata is still unknown, and no completely
      effective treatment has been established. The use of oral steroids for treating
      this disorder is controversial and may have potential side effects. Relapses are
      also common upon withdrawal of the medication. The objective of this study was to
      evaluate the therapeutic and side effects of pulse-therapy with
      methylprednisolone combined with oral cyclosporine in severe alopecia areata,
      defined as alopecia totalis and universalis. Six patients with alopecia totalis
      and 12 patients with alopecia universalis were referred to our center. The
      patients were treated with monthly intravenous methylprednisolone in doses of 500
      mg for three days and oral cyclosporine (2.5 mg/kg/day) for five to eight months.
      Responses were categorized as: "adequate" (i.e., hair regrowth on > or =70% of
      the affected area) and "inadequate" (i.e., hair regrowth on <70% of the affected
      area). Adequate response was observed in six (33%) patients: three with alopecia
      totalis and 3 with alopecia universalis. Responses were better in patients with
      alopecia totalis, age >20 years, negative history of atopy, negative family
      history of alopecia areata, presence of nail pitting, and pruritus in the
      affected area. No cases of relapses and no severe side effects were observed.
      Patients with severe and resistant alopecia areata, if properly selected, may
      benefit from intravenous methylprednisolone pulse-therapy plus oral cyclosporine.

PMID- 18154428
TI  - Bicycle-related injuries in Tehran.
AB  - Herein, we reviewed the pattern and mechanisms of injuries resulting from bicycle
      accidents in Tehran. During one year of trauma registry in six general hospitals,
      8,000 trauma patients who had sustained injuries within a week before admission
      and hospitalized for more than 24 hours were studied. Bicycle injuries comprised
      2.1% (n=170) of all cases admitted during the studied period. Males were injured
      more often than females (M:F ratio=8:1). Seventy-seven point one percent of the
      patients were younger than 20 years. None of the patients had used helmets while
      being injured. A considerable proportion of accidents occurred between 6 and 8
      PM. The most common season of bicycle accidents were summer (55.2%) and spring
      (24.8%). Seventy-six (44.7%) patients sustained injuries in collision with other
      vehicles (cars, motorcycles, etc). Four patients died of severe head injuries.
      Thirteen (8.1%) patients had injury severity score of >16 (severe injury). The
      mean duration of hospital stay was 5.2 (range: 1 - 52) days. Due to the fatal
      nature of head injuries and high incidence of fall/overturn injuries among
      bicycle riders, helmets should be worn by all riders, particularly young
      children. In addition, allocating a separate cycle path may reduce severe bicycle
      injuries.

PMID- 18154429
TI  - The early presentation of atrial myxoma with acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Atrial myxoma as a rare benign heart tumor can cause acute coronary syndrome via
      coronary embolization. In this report, we present a 54-year-old woman who
      presented with acute inferior myocardial infarction. In further evaluation a 2.5
      x 3 x 4 cm mass was found in the left atrium. The mass was excised surgically and
      its pathology was compatible with myxoma. After resection, the patient was
      discharged with a favorable outcome.

PMID- 18154430
TI  - Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy.
AB  - Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy is a distinctive, cutaneous small vessel
      leukocytoclastic vasculitis of young children with dramatic characteristic skin
      findings. It is characterized by low- grade fever, erythematous edema, and
      purpuric lesions mainly on the face and extremities. Visceral involvement is
      uncommon, and spontaneous recovery usually occurs within one to three weeks
      without sequelae. The main differential diagnosis is Henoch-Schonlein purpura. We
      report this case to highlight the condition and emphasize its benign nature. We
      describe a classic case of acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy, and comment on the
      clinical features, pathology, treatment, and prognosis. The disease has
      spontaneous recovery without sequelae.

PMID- 18154431
TI  - Left somatosensory cortex tumor presented with radicular hand pain and
      paresthesia.
AB  - Concurrent lesions in the brain and spinal cord, which can produce similar
      symptoms are truly confusing situations. Herein, we report on a 56-year-old woman
      who suffered from an intermittent radicular pain and paresthesia in her right
      upper limb and mild headache. Imaging showed a cervical vertebral disc herniation
      and a small round tumor of the somatosensory cortex with clear border, considered
      as a little meningioma, which could be followed. To deal with these two
      concurrent lesions, we faced a challenging condition.

PMID- 18154432
TI  - Adenoid ameloblastoma with dentinoid: a case report.
AB  - Adenoid ameloblastoma with dentinoid is a rare odontogenic tumor showing
      histopathologic features similar to ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic
      tumor along with hard tissue formation. In this report, a 19-year-old female with
      a maxillary tumor, microscopically consistent with previously reported cases of
      adenoid ameloblastoma with dentinoid is presented.

PMID- 18154433
TI  - Photoclinic. Dermoid cyst.

PMID- 18154434
TI  - Gondishapur School of Medicine: the most important medical center in antiquity.
AB  - Iran has a rich civilization and a long history during which medical science
      flourished at specific periods. For instance, medicine blossomed in Sassanids era
      (226 - 652 AD). One of the most remarkable cultural and scientific centers of
      Sassanids era was the city of Gondishapur located in the south-west Iran in Shah
      Abad near Susa in Khuzestan Province. The city was rebuilt in the third century
      AD, whereupon it soon became the most important scientific focal point of the
      ancient world. Gondishapur Medical School was a renowned cosmopolitan institution
      and had a crucial impact upon the further development of Islamic medicine.
      Actually, at this school, the Greek, Persian, and Indian medical heritage was
      conserved, developed, and it was then transferred to the Islamic world and
      subsequently to the West. Gondishapur Hospital was also an excellent model for
      establishment of hospitals especially in the Islamic countries. Presented here is
      a brief account of the foundation of Gondishapur School of Medicine and its role
      in promoting medical science in antiquity.

PMID- 18154438
TI  - [Evaluation of beta-D-glucan density in blood after drinking an extraction
      element of Agaricus blazei murill].
AB  - beta-D-Glucan (beta-G) measurement in blood is useful for prompt diagnosis,
      selection of treatment and therapeutic evaluation for deep fungal infection. A
      patient with high beta-G blood was not improved by strong anti-fungal treatment
      in our hospital, and the beta-G levels in the blood fell immediately after
      discontinuing ingestion of the agaricus mushroom extracted element (sennseiro).
      To verify the elevation of beta-G concentration in the blood after intake of an
      agaricus mushroom extraction element, beta-G concentration in the blood was
      measured 4 days after 9 volunteers drank 2 g of agaricus mushroom extraction
      element, "SSG plus 35" twice a day for 3 days. A low value of beta-G in blood was
      detected in one person (11.1%), which demonstrated that beta-G concentration in
      the blood increased by oral ingestion of the agaricus element although the reason
      was unclear why it was detected in only one person. Taken together, when high
      beta-D-glucan is identified by uncertain cause or in spite of enough anti-fungal
      medication, it is necessary to confirm whether a patient has ingested health food
      containing an agaricus mushroom element or other fungus elements to avoid
      needless treatment with anti-fungal medicine.

PMID- 18154436
TI  - Induced pluripotent cells mimicking human embryonic stem cells.

PMID- 18154439
TI  - [Laboratory-based evaluation of TOX A/B QUIK CHEK "NISSUI" to detect toxins A and
      B of clostridium difficile].
AB  - The TOX A/B QUIK CHEK "NISSUI" which detects both toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B
      (TcdB) of Clostridium difficile in stool specimens through immunochromatography
      was first approved to be released in Japan, and we evaluated its accuracy. In the
      evaluation, the TOX A/B QUIK CHEK "NISSUI" could correctly detect TcdA and TcdB
      in solution and in stool specimens spiked with culture broth of TcdA and/or TcdB
      producing isolates of C. difficile. The minimum detectable concentrations for
      TcdA and TcdB were determined to be < or =0.32 ng/ml and < or =0.63 ng/ml,
      respectively. The TOX A/B QUIK CHEK "NISSUI" gave the consistent results with the
      colon-endoscopic diagnosis, that is, all the 10 stool specimens from the patients
      with pseudomembranous colitis were read as being positive, but negative for five
      patients without any C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD). Of 10 positive stool
      specimens, one was read as being negative by the commercially available test
      reagents that can detect only TcdA. In clinical evaluation, a total of 240 stool
      specimens were tested. Of these, the TOX A/B QUIK CHEK "NISSUI" gave 19 positive
      results, and TcdA and/or TcdB-producing strains of C. difficile were successfully
      isolated from all the positive stool specimens, except one. Whereas, of 221
      negative stool specimens, 28 isolates of C. difficile were recovered and 11
      isolates were identified as TcdA and/or TcdB-producing strains. With these
      results, it can be concluded that the TOX A/B QUIK CHEK "NISSUI" can correctly
      detect both TcdA and TcdB of C. difficile, and should be promptly applied to
      clinical microbiology laboratory to make a definite diagnosis of CDAD,
      particularly for the CDAD caused by the TcdA-negative but TcdB-positive mutant
      strains.

PMID- 18154440
TI  - Development of latex turbidimetric immunoassay for rapid and sensitive detection
      of influenza virus.
AB  - For the rapid and sensitive detection of influenza A and B viruses, a latex
      turbidimetric immunoassay (LTIA) was developed using latex reagents prepared by
      the sensitization of anti-influenza A or B monoclonal antibodies on latex
      particles. We measured the immunoreactivity of these latex reagents to influenza
      A and B viral antigens. The sensitivity and specificity of LTIA and reverse
      transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of these
      viruses in clinical specimens (96 nasal swabs) were compared. The absorbance
      change in the latex agglutination reaction increased for each latex reagent with
      increasing concentration of the viral antigens. Reaction curves were obtained
      with each concentration of viral antigens for 5 min. The effective concentration
      ranges were 0-10 microg/ml for influenza A and 0-20 microg/ml for influenza B.
      The LTIA using clinical specimens revealed 8 positive and 73 negative results for
      influenza A and 15 positive and 52 negative results for influenza B. The
      sensitivities and specificities were 89% (8/9) and 84% (73/87), respectively, for
      influenza A and 100% (15/15) and 64% (52/81), respectively, for influenza B. The
      corresponding positive predictive values (PPV) were 36% (8/22) for influenza A
      and 34% (15/44) for influenza B. The negative predictive values (NPV) were
      approximately 99% (73/74) for influenza A and 100% (52/52) for influenza B. The
      LTIA is a rapid and sensitive method for detection of the influenza virus; It can
      be used for high throughput assay by automatic measurement and can potentially be
      used during influenza pandemics.

PMID- 18154441
TI  - [Cloning of Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin gene and extracellular expression
      in Escherichia coli].
AB  - Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen
      that widely propagets in the soil and the gastrointestinal tract of human and
      animals. This bacteria causes food poisoning, gas gangrene and other various
      range of infectious diseases. But there is no standard diagnosis method of C.
      perfringens. In order to develop a new type of immunoassay for clinical purpose,
      we studied expression and extracellular secretion of recombinant alpha-toxin
      having enzyme activity in E. coli expression system. Cloning was carried out
      after PCR amplification from C. perfringens GAI 94074 which was clinical isolate.
      Three kinds of fragment were cloned using pET100/D-TOPO vector. These fragments
      coded for ribosome binding site, signal peptide, and alpha-toxin gene
      respectively. Recombinant pET100 plasmid transformed into TOP 10 cells and the
      obtained plasmids were transformed into BL21 (DE3) cells. Then, the transformants
      were induced expression with IPTG. In conclusion, we successfully cloned,
      expressed and exteracellular secreted C. perfringens alpha-toxin containing
      signal peptide. Biologically, the obtained recombinant protein was positive for
      phospholipase C activity.

PMID- 18154442
TI  - Towards an economic evidence base for pharmacogenetics: consideration of outcomes
      is key.

PMID- 18154443
TI  - Ultra-high-throughput sequencing, microarray-based genomic selection and
      pharmacogenomics.

PMID- 18154445
TI  - New applications of microarray data analysis: integrating genetics with 'Omics'.
      Organized by the Cambridge Healthtech Institute, 15-17 August 2007, Washington
      DC, USA.

PMID- 18154446
TI  - Global analysis of genetic variation in SLCO1B1.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), encoded by
      the SLCO1B1 gene, mediates the hepatic uptake of endogenous compounds and
      xenobiotics, including drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the
      diversity of the SLCO1B1 gene at the global level. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
      Distribution of SLCO1B1 alleles was determined in 941 individuals from 52
      populations comprising Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Europe, Oceania and the
      Americas. DNA samples were genotyped at 12 variant sites spanning the entire gene
      by TaqMan 5 nuclease allelic discrimination assays. RESULTS: The frequency of the
      low-activity c.521T>C variant varied markedly between populations. The lowest
      frequencies were observed in Oceania (0.0%; 95% CI: 0.0-6.4%) and sub-Saharan
      Africa (1.9%; 95% CI: 0.7-4.8%), and the highest frequencies observed in American
      native populations (24%; 95% CI: 18-32%) and Europe (18%; 95% CI: 14-23%).
      Moreover, the c.521C allele (r = 0.505, p < 0.001) and the *1B (c.388G-c.521T; r
      = -0.405, p = 0.006) and *15 (c.388G-c.521C; r = 0.510, p < 0.001) haplotype
      frequencies correlated significantly with latitude in the northern hemisphere.
      Overall, SLCO1B1 genetic distances correlated significantly with geographic
      distances between populations, assuming likely routes of human migration out of
      Africa via five waypoints (r = 0.235, p = 0.001). SLCO1B1 diversity was generally
      far greater within than between populations. CONCLUSION: Functionally significant
      variants of SLCO1B1 are widely distributed and occur at high frequencies around
      the world. SLCO1B1 diversity is greater within than between populations, and
      genetic variation in SLCO1B1 is generally similar to that observed for other
      autosomal markers. However, selective pressure may have acted on SLCO1B1 during
      human dispersal favoring low-activity variants in the north.

PMID- 18154447
TI  - Pathway analysis tools and toxicogenomics reference databases for risk
      assessment.
AB  - The pharmaceutical industry has begun to leverage a range of new technologies
      (proteomics, pharmacogenomics, metabolomics and molecular toxicology [e.g.,
      toxicogenomics]) and analysis tools that are becoming increasingly integrated in
      the area of drug discovery and development. The approach of analyzing the vast
      amount of toxicogenomics data generated using molecular pathway and networks
      analysis tools in combination with analysis of reference data will be the main
      focus of this review. We will demonstrate how this combined approach can increase
      the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to chemical-induced
      toxicity and application of this knowledge to compound risk assessment. We will
      provide an example of the insights achieved through a molecular toxicology
      analysis based on the well-known hepatotoxicant lipopolysaccharide to illustrate
      the utility of these new tools in the analysis of complex data sets, both in vivo
      and in vitro. The ultimate objective is a better lead selection process that
      improves the chances for success across the different stages of drug discovery
      and development.

PMID- 18154448
TI  - EGF-receptor targeting with monoclonal antibodies in colorectal carcinomas:
      rationale for a pharmacogenomic approach.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies directed against the EGF-receptor (EGFR) have recently been
      approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with
      EGFR-positive tumors at immunohistochemistry (IHC). Surprisingly, data
      demonstrate a lack of correlation between the tumor's EGFR expression at IHC and
      outcome. Indeed, as pointed out from small experiences, patients with EGFR-IHC
      negative metastatic CRC have the same chance as EGFR-IHC-positive patients to
      benefit from an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, underlying the importance of
      different, more reliable, selection criteria. In particular, the identification
      of such predictive factors is important as these agents are expensive, have side
      effects and are really only effective in a minority of patients. Several
      potential clinical and biological predictive markers of activity and/or efficacy
      for such agents have been evaluated in retrospective series with promising
      results. Moving from clinical data suggesting that there could be a subpopulation
      of CRC patients that are more liable to benefit from anti-EGFR monoclonal
      antibodies, here we review major studies on determinants of outcome in this
      field.

PMID- 18154449
TI  - Pharmacogenetics of the constitutive androstane receptor.
AB  - The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a member of the NR1I group of nuclear
      hormone receptors, has been implicated in regulating the expression of genes that
      are critical in xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism, uptake and elimination as
      well as genes involved in various other physiological processes. Hence,
      functional variation in CAR associated with its expression and/or activity can
      influence the transcriptional activation of its target genes and could contribute
      to the observed variation in drug response and toxicity. Moreover,
      coadministration of agents that are also CAR activators contributes to clinically
      relevant drug-drug interactions in patients receiving certain combination
      therapies. This review will discuss the functional significance of known genetic
      variants in CAR and the most common alternatively spliced isoforms of CAR. We
      will also discuss the influence of gender and ethnicity on CAR and its target
      genes. Although genetic polymorphisms in CAR may have an indirect effect on drug
      disposition, understanding the association of genetic polymorphisms in CAR with
      the expression of its target genes might help us to better understand the
      molecular mechanisms underlying the interindividual variation in drug disposition
      in addition to drug-drug interactions.

PMID- 18154450
TI  - Pharmacogenetics of aspirin-intolerant asthma.
AB  - Leukotriene overproduction is the major characteristic of aspirin-intolerant
      asthma (AIA). Most studies examining the molecular genetic mechanisms of AIA have
      focused on leukotriene-related genes, including ALOX5, LTC4S, TXA2R and
      prostanoid-receptor genes. One study suggested that the human leukocyte antigen
      (HLA) allele DPB1*0301 may be a genetic marker for the AIA phenotype in European
      and Asian populations, and HLA-DPB1*0301 has been suggested as a useful genetic
      marker for predicting more favorable responders to leukotriene-receptor
      antagonists for long-term management of AIA. Although several reports have
      indicated possible associations between genetic polymorphisms and variable
      responses to leukotriene modifiers in nonaspirin sensitive asthmatic patients,
      few have suggested relationships between such genetic polymorphisms and variable
      responses to asthma drugs in AIA patients.

PMID- 18154451
TI  - Genetic polymorphisms of human cytosol glutathione S-transferases and prostate
      cancer.
AB  - Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in the metabolism of a wide range
      of carcinogenic chemicals. In humans, cytosol GSTs are divided into eight
      classes: alpha (GSTA), mu (GSTM), pi (GSTP), theta (GSTT), tau (GSTZ), sigma
      (GSTS), omicron (GSTO) and kappa (GSTK). The allelic polymorphism of these
      enzymes is associated with variations in enzyme activity; hence, it may affect
      the concentration of activated carcinogenic chemicals in the body. In addition to
      the metabolism of chemical carcinogens, GSTs metabolize steroid hormones,
      compounds in the diet and other agents potentially involved in prostate
      carcinogenesis. Three genetic polymorphisms of GSTs, GSTM1*0 (null), GSTT1*0
      (null) and GSTP1 A313G, have been well documented. No consistent associations
      between GSTM1, GSTT1 or GSTP1 genotypes and prostate cancer have been observed.
      Recent meta-analysis reports show that these polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and
      GSTP1 are unlikely to be major determinants of susceptibility to prostate cancer.

PMID- 18154452
TI  - ABC multidrug transporters: structure, function and role in chemoresistance.
AB  - Three ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-superfamily multidrug efflux pumps are known to
      be responsible for chemoresistance; P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), MRP1 (ABCC1) and
      ABCG2 (BCRP). These transporters play an important role in normal physiology by
      protecting tissues from toxic xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites. Hydrophobic
      amphipathic compounds, including many clinically used drugs, interact with the
      substrate-binding pocket of these proteins via flexible hydrophobic and H-bonding
      interactions. These efflux pumps are expressed in many human tumors, where they
      likely contribute to resistance to chemotherapy treatment. However, the use of
      efflux-pump modulators in clinical cancer treatment has proved disappointing.
      Single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABC drug-efflux pumps may play a role in
      responses to drug therapy and disease susceptibility. The effect of various
      genotypes and haplotypes on the expression and function of these proteins is not
      yet clear, and their true impact remains controversial.

PMID- 18154453
TI  - A method for HLA genotyping using the specific cleavage of DNA-rN1-DNA/DNA with
      RNase HII from Chlamydia pneumoniae.
AB  - Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provide a great opportunity for the study
      of human disease and bacterial drug resistance. However, many SNP typing
      techniques require dedicated instruments and high cost. Here, we develop a novel
      method for SNP genotyping based on specific cleavage properties of RNase HII from
      Chlamydia pneumoniae (CpRNase HII), termed the "CpRNase HII-based method."
      CpRNase HII cleaves the DNA-rN(1)-DNA/DNA duplex at the 5'-side of the
      ribonucleotide (rN(1) = one ribonucleotide). Moreover, the cleavage efficiencies
      of the perfectly matched DNA-rN(1)-DNA/DNA duplexes are higher than those
      carrying a mismatched ribonucleotide. DNA-rN(1)-DNA fragments are modified with a
      fluorophore at the 5'-end and a quencher at the 3'-end to generate molecular
      beacons (MBs), which hybridize with single-stranded DNA (analyte) to be cleaved
      by CpRNase HII. As perfectly matched duplexes can be cleaved efficiently and
      mismatched duplexes cannot, CpRNase HII-catalyzed reactions can differentiate
      between one-nucleotide variations on the DNA-rN(1)-DNA/DNA duplexes. We have
      validated this method with nine SNPs of the HLA gene, which were successfully
      determined by endpoint measurements of fluorescence intensity. The new method is
      simple and effective, because the design of MBs is easy, and all steps of the
      genotyping consist of simple additions of solutions and incubation. This method
      will be suitable for large-scale genotyping.

PMID- 18154457
TI  - A brief definition of regenerative medicine.

PMID- 18154460
TI  - Endotoxin-induced silencing of mesoderm induction and functional differentiation:
      role of HMGB1 in pluripotency and infection.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Mechanisms underpinning Gram-negative bacterial vaginosis-induced
      birth anomalies are obscure. Ethical issues limit such studies on peri
      implantation-stage human embryos. Here we have used embryoid bodies (EBs) as an
      in vitro model to examine the effect of Gram-negative bacterial
      endotoxins/lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the faithful induction of germ lineages
      during embryogenesis. The role of LPS-inducible cytokine and pluripotency-related
      DNA-binding protein HMGB1 was also studied in these EBs. METHODS: EBs derived
      from the human embryonic stem cell line HUES9 were exposed to 12.5 pg/ml of LPS
      for 48 h. The expression profile of the ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm and
      trophectoderm lineage markers, such as beta III-tubulin, GATA4, BMP2, Brachury
      and beta-hCG, were studied, by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Inhibition of
      mesoderm induction was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis for hANP, cTnT, ABCG2, GATA2,
      BMP4 and HAND1. Osteoblast differentiation was induced in the EBs, and confirmed
      by von Kosa and Alizarin red staining. A comet assay was also carried out to
      assess the degree of apoptosis in these EBs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We found
      that the LPS-treated EBs were selectively silenced for mesoderm markers and
      failed to differentiate into functional osteoblasts. HMGB1 expression was absent
      in the normal EBs and was found to be localized in the cytoplasm of the LPS
      treated EBs. Overall, our data indicate that endotoxin-induced HMGB1 expression
      in the peri-implantation-stage embryos can bring about severe birth defects of,
      for example, the bone and heart. This study also indicates that HMGB1 could be
      involved in maintenance of pluripotency in the human embryonic stem cells by
      impeding their differentiation.

PMID- 18154461
TI  - Blood into beta-cells: can adult stem cells be used as a therapy for Type 1
      diabetes?
AB  - In the past 10 years there have been substantial developments in adult stem cell
      research, and the transplantation of these cells now holds great promise for
      regenerative medicine, such as in the treatment of Type 1 diabetes. A large
      proportion of studies have focused on stem cells sourced from hematopoietic
      tissues: bone marrow, umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood. Attempts to
      transdifferentiate these cells into insulin-producing cells, both in vivo and in
      vitro, have produced conflicting results. Although insulin production and
      normalization of blood glucose levels have been described in some studies, the
      true mechanism of stem cell plasticity remains in question - are the functional
      changes seen due to true transdifferentiation or do they result from cell fusion
      or other factors? There is evidence that stem cell plasticity is a true
      phenomenon, but whether it will ever be of therapeutic benefit for Type 1
      diabetes remains uncertain.

PMID- 18154462
TI  - Advanced jet protocols for directly engineering living cells: a genesis to
      alternative biohandling approaches for the life sciences.
AB  - Processing methodologies possessing the ability to directly handle living cells
      imply tremendous possibilities for a whole host of applications in the
      regenerative and therapeutic medicinal themes of R&D. Most cell-handling
      techniques have, in the past, been unearthed in the physical sciences, which have
      subsequently undergone rapid development for a plethora of applications within
      the life sciences. In this review, the author wishes to introduce current and
      swiftly emerging direct cell-handling jet protocols whilst identifying their
      advantages and disadvantages in comparison to each approach. The article extends
      to elucidating their applicability for a few life science-based research themes,
      where these protocols are currently undergoing intense investigation. It is the
      opinion of this author that these protocols generate a range of opportunities for
      the life sciences, which have previously not been explored and hence could have
      an overwhelming affect in a biological and clinical standpoint. These methods and
      protocols have evidently bridged the physical with the life sciences during this
      endeavor.

PMID- 18154463
TI  - Regenerative biology: a historical perspective and modern applications.
AB  - Chronic diseases are both common and deadly. Due to the limitations of
      conventional therapies for chronic diseases such as advanced heart failure and
      diabetes mellitus, recent interest has been directed towards regenerative
      medicine. In this review, we examine the history of regenerative biology and
      emphasize the dynamic and multidisciplinary growth of this field. We highlight
      the spectrum of adult tissues that have a remarkable regenerative capacity (i.e.,
      skeletal muscle) versus those that have a more limited regenerative capacity
      (i.e., heart). We further emphasize the use of relevant contemporary models for
      the study of regenerative biology (i.e., pancreatic regeneration), which
      highlight both the challenges for this field of study and the potential for
      regenerative medicine, including the use of cell-based strategies, to
      revolutionize medical therapies for chronic diseases.

PMID- 18154464
TI  - Logistics of stem cell isolation, preparation and delivery for heart repair:
      concerns of clinicians, manufacturers, investors and public health.
AB  - Recent developments in stem cell (SC) research challenge the long-held paradigm
      that the human heart cannot be repaired. While SC therapies for cardiac disease
      may not be available as soon as the public believes, it is important for
      investors, providers and clients to begin considering the expertise and
      facilities SC therapies may eventually require. Here we review several logistical
      issues that are integral to the development and delivery of SC therapy for
      cardiac disease. In the near future, quality control measures and sources of
      progenitor cells will be key determinants of treatment costs and clinical and
      research infrastructures. SC research and therapeutic development will yield
      greatest payoffs for patients and investors if insurance coverage can be obtained
      for therapeutic applications. This will require rigorous FDA review and approval
      for therapeutic use and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services coverage
      decisions.

PMID- 18154465
TI  - Organ printing: promises and challenges.
AB  - Organ printing or biomedical application of rapid prototyping, also defined as
      additive layer-by-layer biomanufacturing, is an emerging transforming technology
      that has potential for surpassing traditional solid scaffold-based tissue
      engineering. Organ printing has certain advantages: it is an automated approach
      that offers a pathway for scalable reproducible mass production of tissue
      engineered products; it allows a precised simultaneous 3D positioning of several
      cell types; it enables creation tissue with a high level of cell density; it can
      solve the problem of vascularization in thick tissue constructs; finally, organ
      printing can be done in situ. The ultimate goal of organ-printing technology is
      to fabricate 3D vascularized functional living human organs suitable for clinical
      implantation. The main practical outcomes of organ-printing technology are
      industrial scalable robotic biofabrication of complex human tissues and organs,
      automated tissue-based in vitro assays for clinical diagnostics, drug discovery
      and drug toxicity, and complex in vitro models of human diseases. This article
      describes conceptual framework and recent developments in organ-printing
      technology, outlines main technological barriers and challenges, and presents
      potential future practical applications.

PMID- 18154466
TI  - hESCCO: development of good practice models for hES cell derivation.
AB  - One response of the UK research community to the public sensitivity and
      logistical complexity of embryo donation to stem cell research has been the
      formation of a national network of 'human embryonic stem cell coordinators'
      (hESCCO). The aim of hESCCO is to contribute to the formation and implementation
      of national standards for hES cell derivation and banking, in particular the
      ethical protocols for patient information and informed consent. The hESCCO
      project is an innovative practical intervention within the broader attempt to
      establish greater transparency, consistency, efficiency and standardization of
      hES derivation in the UK. A major outcome of the hESCCO initiative has been the
      drafting and implementation of a national consent form. The lessons learned in
      this context may be relevant to other practitioners and regulators as a model of
      best practice in hES cell derivation.

PMID- 18154467
TI  - Pluristem Therapeutics, Inc.
AB  - Pluristem Therapeutics, Inc., based in Haifa, Israel, is a regenerative,
      biotherapeutics Company dedicated to the commercialization of nonpersonalized
      (allogeneic) cell therapy products. The Company is expanding noncontroversial
      placental-derived mesenchymal stem cells via a proprietary 3D process, named
      PluriX, into therapeutics for a variety of degenerative, malignant and autoimmune
      disorders. Pluristem will be conducting Phase I trials in the USA with its first
      product, PLX-I, which addresses the global shortfall of matched tissue for bone
      marrow transplantation by improving the engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells
      contained in umbilical cord blood.

PMID- 18154468
TI  - 2006 national clinical pharmacy services survey: clinical pharmacy services,
      collaborative drug management, medication errors, and pharmacy technology.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent of 15 hospital-based clinical pharmacy
      services, 51 different drugs managed under protocol by pharmacists, medication
      errors, and pharmacy technology in United States hospitals. DESIGN: A survey was
      mailed, as well as sent electronically, to pharmacists in 2893 hospitals.
      RESULTS: A total of 1125 surveys were returned (38.9% response rate). The 1125
      hospitals had 14,315,506 patients admitted, which represented 45.7% of the
      31,324,496 admissions to all U.S. hospitals in 2006. The proportion of clinical
      pharmacy services provided by Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals was higher compared
      with non-VA hospitals. In all hospitals, the clinical pharmacy services with the
      greatest growth from 1989-2006 were pharmacist-provided admission drug histories
      (300% increase), pharmacist participation on medical rounds (292.3% increase),
      drug protocol management (208% increase), pharmacist-conducted clinical research
      (166.7% increase), pharmacist-provided drug information (150% increase), and
      pharmacist-provided pharmacokinetic consultation (117.5% increase). A total of
      864 hospitals (76.8%) had pharmacists providing drug protocol management
      (collaborative drug management). Pharmacists managed a mean +/- SD of 9.18 +/-
      10.23 different drugs/hospital (7932 protocols). Drugs commonly managed included
      aminoglycosides (64.4% of hospitals), vancomycin (63.8%), warfarin (37.8%), low
      molecular-weight heparins (32.7%), unfractionated heparin (30.0%),
      fluoroquinolones (30.0%), antiparkinsonian drugs (22.8%), proton pump inhibitors
      (22.7%), human immunodeficiency virus drugs (21.9%), and cephalosporins (19.7%).
      The mean number of medication errors reported/hospital increased by 151.4%
      between 1995 and 2006. The percentage of patients who experienced a medication
      error increased from 4.7% to 6.5% between 1995 and 2006 (a 38.3% increase). A
      total of 220 hospitals (19.6%) had computerized prescriber order entry systems,
      263 (23.4%) had bar coding for drug administration, and 439 (39.0%) used robotics
      for dispensing. CONCLUSION: This study provides continuing evidence of the growth
      and value of clinical pharmacy services and clinical pharmacists in our nation's
      hospitals. These data will guide hospital pharmacy directors and clinical
      coordinators in allocating resources to optimally meet their patients' needs.

PMID- 18154469
TI  - Use of a combination of class III and class Ic antiarrhythmic agents in patients
      with electrical storm.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of the combination of class III and
      class Ic antiarrhythmic agents in suppressing an electrical storm in patients
      with and without a transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).
      DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review. SETTING: Arrhythmia service of an
      academic medical center in Zerifin, Israel. PATIENTS: Ten patients who
      experienced an electrical storm that was not effectively treated with amiodarone
      or sotalol monotherapy between December 15, 1999, and June 13, 2007. MEASUREMENTS
      AND MAIN RESULTS: The medical records of 152 patients who received an ICD during
      the study period were reviewed. Twenty patients experienced an electrical storm,
      an arrhythmia defined as more than two episodes of hemodynamically unstable
      ventricular tachycardia during a 24- hour period. Ten of the 20 patients
      responded favorably to amiodarone or sotalol monotherapy (class III
      antiarrhythmics), but in 10 patients, the combination of a class III and a class
      Ic antiarrhythmic agent was needed to effectively eliminate the electrical storm.
      Of the 10 patients who required both agents, two (20%) developed an electrical
      storm before implantation of their ICD. In another patient who had ongoing
      ischemia, ventricular tachycardia recurred, but the drug combination decreased
      the number of ventricular arrhythmia episodes. One patient with dilated
      cardiomyopathy had one recurrence of ventricular tachycardia, which was
      terminated with antitachycardia pacing. Three patients died during a mean +/- SD
      follow-up of 8.7 +/- 9.9 months. CONCLUSION: Electrical storm can be acutely
      treated with the combination of a class III and a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent
      when a class III agent alone is insufficient and when radiofrequency ablation is
      not an option. Patients receiving this drug combination can be discharged from
      the hospital only if they have an ICD.

PMID- 18154470
TI  - Quality of anticoagulation care in patients discharged from a pharmacist-managed
      anticoagulation clinic after stabilization of warfarin therapy.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine if transitioning patients from a pharmacist-
      managed anticoagulation clinic after stabilization of warfarin therapy to
      physician-managed care alters the quality of anticoagulation care. DESIGN:
      Retrospective medical record review. SETTING: Pharmacist-managed, urban academic
      medical center-based outpatient anticoagulation clinic. PATIENTS: Forty patients
      who were stabilized on warfarin therapy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Quality
      of anticoagulation care was measured by percentage of international normalized
      ratios (INRs) in target range, anticoagulation-related health care visits, and
      responses to satisfaction surveys. A significant decrease in anticoagulation
      control was observed on transition to physician-managed care. Before transition,
      76% of all INRs were in target range versus 48% after transition (p<0.0001,
      chi(2) test). When performing paired analysis, a median 75% of each patient's
      INRs were therapeutic before transition compared with 36.5% after (p<0.0001,
      Wilcoxon signed rank test). Thirty-two percent of first INR values measured after
      transition from the clinic were in target range, and the median time to first
      follow-up INR was 41 days. The number of INR values above 4.5 and below 1.5
      increased significantly after transition from the anticoagulation clinic
      (p<0.0001 and p=0.01, respectively, chi(2) test). Before transition from the
      anticoagulation clinic, two anticoagulation-related emergency department visits
      were reported in one patient. After transition, 13 cases of additional medical
      care were reported among seven patients; seven of the 13 cases required an office
      visit with the physician, and six resulted in emergency room evaluation. None of
      these cases resulted in hospitalization. Patient satisfaction with clinical care
      provided by the anticoagulation clinic was significantly higher before
      transition. CONCLUSION: Transition of patients from a pharmacist-managed
      anticoagulation clinic back to physician-managed anticoagulation care after
      stabilization of warfarin therapy was associated with a significant decrease in
      INR control, increased medical care related to anticoagulation, and decreased
      patient satisfaction.

PMID- 18154471
TI  - Risk of hospitalization for acute pancreatitis associated with conventional and
      atypical antipsychotics: a population-based case-control study.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of atypical and conventional
      antipsychotics with the risk of hospitalization for acute pancreatitis. DESIGN:
      Population-based, case-control study. DATA SOURCE: Health care databases of
      Northern Denmark. PATIENTS: A total of 3083 adults hospitalized with acute
      pancreatitis (case patients) and 30,830 control subjects. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
      RESULTS: Controls were selected from the general population by using risk-set
      sampling and were matched to case patients by age and sex. The date of the case
      patients' admission for acute pancreatitis was used as the index date for the
      matched control subjects. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to
      estimate rate ratios (RRs) for hospitalization due to acute pancreatitis in
      current users (0-90 days before admission or index date) and former users (> 90
      days before admission or index date) of atypical and conventional antipsychotics
      compared with nonusers of the respective antipsychotics, while controlling for
      covariates and stratifying by age. Fifteen case patients (0.5%) were current
      users of atypical antipsychotics, and 128 case patients (4.2%) were current users
      of conventional antipsychotics. Adjusted RRs for current use and former use of
      atypical antipsychotics were 0.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3-1.1) and 0.3
      (95% CI 0.1-0.9), respectively. A trend was noted for increasing risk of
      hospitalization due to acute pancreatitis with decreasing potency of conventional
      antipsychotics, with adjusted RRs of 1.2 (95% CI 0.7-2.0) for high-potency, 1.5
      (95% CI 1.0-2.2) for intermediate-potency, and 2.8 (95% CI 2.0-3.8) for low
      potency conventional antipsychotics, which was largely age-modified with an
      adjusted RR of 5.2 (95% CI 3.2-8.5) in patients younger than 60 years, compared
      with an adjusted RR of 1.5 (95% CI 0.9-2.5) in older users. Former use of
      conventional antipsychotics of any kind was associated with an adjusted RR of 1.6
      (95% CI 1.4-1.9). CONCLUSIONS: Current use of low-potency conventional, but not
      atypical, antipsychotics was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization
      for acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 18154454
TI  - Bioconjugation of oligonucleotides for treating liver fibrosis.
AB  - Liver fibrosis results from chronic liver injury due to hepatitis B and C,
      excessive alcohol ingestion, and metal ion overload. Fibrosis culminates in
      cirrhosis and results in liver failure. Therefore, a potent antifibrotic therapy
      is urgently needed to reverse scarring and eliminate progression to cirrhosis.
      Although activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) remain the principle cell type
      responsible for liver fibrosis, perivascular fibroblasts of portal and central
      veins as well as periductular fibroblasts are other sources of fibrogenic cells.
      This review will critically discuss various treatment strategies for liver
      fibrosis, including prevention of liver injury, reduction of inflammation,
      inhibition of HSC activation, degradation of scar matrix, and inhibition of
      aberrant collagen synthesis. Oligonucleotides (ODNs) are short, single-stranded
      nucleic acids, which disrupt expression of target protein by binding to
      complementary mRNA or forming triplex with genomic DNA. Triplex forming
      oligonucleotides (TFOs) provide an attractive strategy for treating liver
      fibrosis. A series of TFOs have been developed for inhibiting the transcription
      of alpha1(I) collagen gene, which opens a new area for antifibrotic drugs. There
      will be in-depth discussion on the use of TFOs and how different bioconjugation
      strategies can be utilized for their site-specific delivery to HSCs or
      hepatocytes for enhanced antifibrotic activities. Various insights developed in
      individual strategy and the need for multipronged approaches will also be
      discussed.

PMID- 18154472
TI  - Association of galactose single-point test levels and phenytoin metabolic
      polymorphisms with gingival hyperplasia in patients receiving long-term phenytoin
      therapy.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the occurrence or severity of gingival
      hyperplasia is associated with liver function test results or phenytoin
      metabolism. DESIGN: Prospective analysis. SETTING: University-affiliated medical
      center in Taipei, Taiwan. PATIENTS: Sixty-six patients (mean age 37.9 yrs) with
      epilepsy who were receiving phenytoin for more than 1 year. Intervention. Four
      blood samples were drawn from each patient for liver function testing,
      concentrations of phenytoin and its metabolites R-5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-5
      phenylhydantoin (R-HPPH) and S-HPPH, and genotyping of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9
      and 2C19. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of phenytoin and
      its metabolites were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography
      method. The CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain
      reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Conventional liver
      function assays and a quantitative liver function test--galactose single-point
      (GSP) measurement--were performed. Statistical analyses were performed to
      evaluate the association between liver function test results as well as metabolic
      phenotype and the occurrence and severity of gingival hyperplasia. Among liver
      function tests, only GSP levels showed a significant difference between patients
      with and those without gingival hyperplasia. Patients with an elevated GSP level
      (> or = 280 microg/ml) had a significantly higher odds ratio (OR 4.51) for the
      occurrence of gingival hyperplasia. In addition, increased R-HPPH (OR 1.02) and
      phenytoin (OR 1.09) concentrations were associated with an increased occurrence
      of gingival hyperplasia. However, only increased GSP and R-HPPH concentrations
      had significantly higher ORs (2.84 and 1.02, respectively) associated with the
      severity of gingival hyperplasia. Although mean +/- SD plasma R-HPPH
      concentration was significantly lower in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers compared with
      CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 extensive metabolizers and CYP2C9 poor metabolizers (30.38 +/-
      16.73 vs 68.22 +/- 44.75 and 78.95 +/- 51.67 microg/ml, respectively), no
      significant association between genotype and gingival hyperplasia was found.
      CONCLUSION: Increased GSP, phenytoin, and R-HPPH concentrations were associated
      with increased occurrence of phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia; only
      increased GSP and R-HPPH concentrations were associated with increased severity
      of this adverse effect.

PMID- 18154473
TI  - Significant decrease in nelfinavir systemic exposure after omeprazole
      coadministration in healthy subjects.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of omeprazole on the multiple-dose (steady
      state) pharmacokinetics and safety of nelfinavir, and to evaluate the safety and
      tolerability of nelfinavir when administered alone and with omeprazole. DESIGN:
      Open-label, two-period, single-fixed-sequence study. SETTING: Clinical research
      unit of a large, teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty healthy volunteers (mean
      age 26 +/- 9 yrs, range 18-48 yrs). Intervention. Subjects received nelfinavir
      1250 mg every 12 hours for 4 days (period 1). After a 7-day washout period,
      subjects were coadministered nelfinavir 1250 mg every 12 hours and omeprazole 40
      mg every 24 hours for 4 days (period 2). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The
      pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir and its active metabolite M8 were determined on
      day 4 of both periods. Plasma samples were assayed by a high-performance liquid
      chromatography-ultraviolet method for nelfinavir and M8 concentrations, and
      noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by using analytical
      software. In the presence of omeprazole, nelfinavir area under the concentration
      time curve over the dosing interval (AUC(tau)), maximum observed plasma
      concentration (C(max)), and minimum observed plasma concentration (C(min)) were
      reduced by an average of 36%, 37%, and 39%, respectively, relative to
      administration of nelfinavir alone. The AUC(tau), C(max), and C(min) of M8 were
      reduced by an average of 92%, 89%, and 75%, respectively. The slopes of the
      terminal elimination phase of nelfinavir and M8 plasma concentration-time curves
      were similar between treatments. Nelfinavir was well tolerated when administered
      alone and when coadministered with omeprazole. CONCLUSION: The observed reduction
      in the systemic exposure to both nelfinavir and its active metabolite M8 after
      coadministration with omeprazole could result in loss of virologic control and
      potential emergence of drug resistance. Hence, omeprazole should not be
      coadministered to patients taking nelfinavir.

PMID- 18154474
TI  - Use of dexmedetomidine in the pediatric intensive care unit.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety, effectiveness, and dosing of
      dexmedetomidine in intensive care infants and children who require sedation, and
      the rationale for patient selection. DESIGN: Prospective observational study.
      SETTING: Eleven-bed pediatric intensive care unit in a university-affiliated
      children's hospital. PATIENTS: Seventeen infants and children who received
      dexmedetomidine consecutively between May 4, 2005, and May 4, 2006. MEASUREMENTS
      AND MAIN RESULTS: Data were collected on demographics, blood pressure and heart
      rate measurements, and adverse effects. The rationale for dexmedetomidine use,
      its dosing, use of other sedatives, and treatment duration were also recorded.
      Twenty treatment courses in 17 patients (median age 5 mo, range 1 mo-17 yrs) were
      evaluated. Ten patients (59%) had chronic neurologic impairments (including Down
      syndrome in nine [53%]). Thirteen (76%) had undergone cardiac surgery, two (12%)
      had respiratory failure, one (6%) had endocarditis, and one (6%) had undergone
      scoliosis repair. In 15 (75%) of 20 cases, dexmedetomidine was started to
      minimize the use of midazolam before extubation; in 13 (87%) of these cases, the
      patients were extubated within 24 hours. The remaining patients could not
      tolerate midazolam, and dexmedetomidine was used as an alternative. No loading
      doses were given. The mean +/- SD starting dose was 0.2 +/- 0.2 microg/kg/hour,
      with a maximum of 0.5 +/- 0.2 microg/kg/hour. Mean +/- SD duration was 32 +/- 21
      hours (range 3-75 hrs); 10 courses exceeded 24 hours. Mean arterial pressures
      before and after starting treatment were not significantly different (p=0.76),
      nor were values at discontinuation (p=0.31) or 12 hours later (p=0.29). No
      significant differences were noted in heart rate at the start (p=0.09), at
      discontinuation (p=0.06), or 12 hours later (p=0.17). One patient (6%) developed
      hypotension; no other adverse effects were noted. CONCLUSION: With careful
      patient selection and a conservative approach to dosing, dexmedetomidine was a
      useful sedative in children requiring mechanical ventilation. It allowed for a
      reduction or elimination of other sedatives, and it was particularly useful in
      children with chronic neurologic impairments. Dexmedetomidine was well tolerated,
      with no clinically significant effects on blood pressure or heart rate.

PMID- 18154475
TI  - Oral voriconazole for empiric antifungal treatment in patients with uncomplicated
      febrile neutropenia.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the success rate and toxicity profile of oral
      voriconazole when used as empiric antifungal therapy in patients with
      uncomplicated persistent neutropenic fever. DESIGN: Retrospective medical record
      review. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty-seven patients who
      received oral voriconazole as empiric antifungal treatment during 31 episodes of
      persistent neutropenic fever between August 1, 2003, and April 1, 2006.
      MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data were collected on patient demographics,
      diagnosis, cancer treatment plan, voriconazole regimen, dates of voriconazole
      treatment, other antibiotics administered during the episode of fever, and
      adverse events. Patient survival data from at least 3 months of follow-up were
      also collected. Treatment success, which was defined as survival to the
      resolution of fever without a need to change antibiotics and without new fungal
      infections, was also determined. Median duration of therapy was 11 days (range 2
      54 days). No patient discontinued the drug because of toxicity. The success rate
      was 55% (95% confidence interval [CI] 36-73%). For all patients, 90-day survival
      from the start of voriconazole treatment was 81% (95% CI 63-93%). Neither
      treatment success nor 90-day survival rates differed significantly when they were
      compared by the route used for loading doses or by the presence of a possible
      invasive fungal infection at the start of voriconazole therapy. CONCLUSION: Oral
      voriconazole appears to be a safe empiric antifungal treatment with an
      encouraging rate of activity for patients with neutropenia and uncomplicated
      persistent fever. Further research, including randomized controlled trials
      comparing the efficacy of intravenous versus oral voriconazole, is needed.

PMID- 18154476
TI  - Early clinical experience with anidulafungin at a large tertiary care medical
      center.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate early clinical experience with anidulafungin.
      DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Large, university-affiliated,
      tertiary care medical center. PATIENTS: All patients receiving anidulafungin
      between July 15, 2006, and January 15, 2007. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
      Thirty-five patients received at least one dose of anidulafungin. Safety and
      tolerability were evaluated in all patients; efficacy outcomes were assessed in
      13 patients who had a documented fungal infection and received anidulafungin for
      a minimum of 5 days. Common conditions at baseline were hepatic dysfunction (25
      patients [71%]), severe sepsis (17 patients [49%]), and solid organ or
      hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (10 patients [29%]). Eight patients (23%)
      were receiving drugs with the potential to interact with echinocandins other than
      anidulafungin. Seventeen (49%) of the 35 patients received anidulafungin as
      empiric antifungal therapy. Anidulafungin was used to treat invasive candidiasis
      in seven patients (20%) and candidemia in 10 patients (29%); Candida albicans or
      Candida glabrata was isolated most frequently in these two infections combined (7
      isolates each [41%]/17 infections). A favorable efficacy outcome was noted in 10
      (77%) of 13 evaluable patients. One patient developed breakthrough Candida
      parapsilosis fungemia while receiving anidulafungin. Overall, anidulafungin was
      well tolerated, with only one patient having an infusion- related reaction.
      Anidulafungin was also well tolerated among patients receiving concomitant
      metronidazole. CONCLUSION: Anidulafungin was well tolerated and produced
      favorable outcomes in the majority of the patients evaluated. The availability of
      anidulafungin makes it a feasible option for antifungal therapy, particularly in
      patients who have hepatic dysfunction and in those who are receiving drugs than
      can interact with other echinocandins.

PMID- 18154477
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of an indinavir-ritonavir-fosamprenavir regimen in patients with
      human immunodeficiency virus.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetic compatibility of a ritonavir
      boosted indinavir-fosamprenavir combination among patients with human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN: Single-center, nonrandomized, prospective,
      multiple-dose, two-phase pharmacokinetic study. SETTING: University research
      center. PATIENTS: Eight adult patients with HIV infection who had been receiving
      and tolerating indinavir 800 mg-ritonavir 100 mg twice/day for at least 2 weeks.
      Intervention. After 12-hour pharmacokinetic sampling was performed on all
      patients (period A), fosamprenavir (a prodrug of amprenavir) 700 mg twice/day was
      coadministered for 5 days, with a repeat 12-hour pharmacokinetic sampling
      performed on the fifth day (period B). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
      Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for indinavir, ritonavir, and
      amprenavir: area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to 12 hours after
      dosing (AUC(0-12)), maximum plasma concentration (C(max)), and 12-hour plasma
      concentration (C(12)). For each parameter, the geometric mean, as well as the
      geometric mean ratio (GMR) comparing period B with period A, were calculated.
      Indinavir C(max) was lowered by 20% (GMR 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67
      0.96), AUC(0-12) was lowered by 6% (GMR 0.94, 95% CI 0.74-1.21), and C(12) was
      increased by 28% (GMR 1.28, 95% CI 0.78-2.10). Ritonavir AUC(0-12) was 20% lower
      (GMR 0.80, 95% CI 0.54-1.19), C(max) was 15% lower (GMR 0.85, 95% CI 0.55-1.32),
      and C(12) was 7% lower (GMR 0.93, 95% CI 0.49-1.76). With the exception of
      indinavir C(max), the changes in indinavir and ritonavir pharmacokinetic
      parameters observed after fosamprenavir coadministration were not statistically
      significant. The geometric means of amprenavir AUC(0-12), C(max), and C(12) were
      41,517 ng*hour/ml (95% CI 30,317-56,854 ng*hr/ml), 5572 ng/ml (95% CI 4330-7170
      ng/ml), and 2421 ng/ml (95% CI 1578-3712 ng/ml), respectively. CONCLUSION: The
      combination of indinavir 800 mg-ritonavir 100 mg-fosamprenavir 700 mg twice/day
      appears to be devoid of a clinically significant drug-drug interaction and should
      be evaluated as an alternative regimen in salvage HIV treatment. This combination
      may be suitable as part of a background regimen to optimize the therapeutic
      benefit of newer classes of antiretroviral agents such as the integrase and
      coreceptor inhibitors in the treatment of multidrug-resistant viruses.

PMID- 18154478
TI  - Prevalence of and risk factors for dysglycemia in patients receiving gatifloxacin
      and levofloxacin in an outpatient setting.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of dysglycemia (hypoglycemia or
      hyperglycemia) associated with oral levofloxacin and gatifloxacin therapy in an
      outpatient setting, and to determine the characteristics of patients who
      developed dysglycemia while receiving either fluoroquinolone. DESIGN:
      Retrospective medical record review. SETTING: Outpatient clinic of a Veterans
      Affairs teaching hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 1573 patients who received oral
      levofloxacin (343 patients), gatifloxacin (589 patients), or azithromycin (as a
      control, 641 patients) between June 1, 2004, and May 31, 2006. MEASUREMENTS AND
      MAIN RESULTS: Dysglycemia occurred in 33 patients: 13 (2.2%), 9 (2.6%), and 11
      (1.7%), respectively, of those in the gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and
      azithromycin groups. Of 13 patients who experienced a hyperglycemic event, 11
      (84.6%) had diabetes mellitus. After adjustment for confounding factors, neither
      levofloxacin nor gatifloxacin were associated with increased odds of developing a
      dysglycemic event compared with azithromycin. Multivariate analysis demonstrated
      that lack of downward dosage adjustment based on creatinine clearance (odds ratio
      [OR] 10.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.8-27.6), presence of diabetes (OR 17.1,
      95% CI 3.1-94.9), or treatment with insulin (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.8-15.7) or
      sulfonylureas (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.3-10.4) independently increased dysglycemia risk.
      Obesity (body mass index > or = 30 kg/m(2)) was independently protective (OR
      0.22, 95% CI 0.09-0.55) against dysglycemic events. CONCLUSION: Levofloxacin and
      gatifloxacin were not significantly associated with increased dysglycemic events
      compared with azithromycin. Lack of downward fluoroquinolone dosage adjustment
      for renal function, presence of diabetes, and treatment with insulin or
      sulfonylureas each independently increased the risk of dysglycemia. Obesity was
      independently protective against dysglycemia. More data are needed on the
      contributing effects of diabetes, fluoroquinolone dosage, and concomitant drug
      therapy so that an appropriate risk-management strategy can be developed.

PMID- 18154480
TI  - Practical pharmacologic aspects of therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest.
AB  - Abstract Therapeutic hypothermia has emerged as an effective means of improving
      neurologic outcomes among cardiac arrest survivors. To achieve optimal results,
      clinicians must understand and anticipate potential adverse effects of cooling
      and provide rigorous monitoring and/or pharmacologic interventions as
      appropriate. Using pharmacotherapy to counter adverse effects of cooling or to
      treat an intrinsic process under hypothermic conditions requires understanding
      how hypothermia will influence the clinical effects of the drug, including the
      drug's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The pharmacologic aspects of
      therapeutic hypothermia in relation to physiology and adverse effects are
      reviewed.

PMID- 18154479
TI  - Integrase inhibitors: a new treatment option for patients with human
      immunodeficiency virus infection.
AB  - The emergence of antiretroviral drug resistance in patients infected by the human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has prompted efforts to develop new antiretrovirals
      that differ from existing agents with regard to mechanism of action and
      resistance profiles. We evaluated the literature regarding a new class of
      antiretrovirals, the integrase inhibitors. A MEDLINE search (January 1996-May
      2007) was performed to identify relevant clinical trials and review articles;
      abstracts from HIV conferences were also searched. Raltegravir (MK-0518) and
      elvitegravir (GS-9137) are the two integrase inhibitors in late-phase
      development. These agents prevent viral DNA integration into the CD4(+) cell
      chromosome. Both drugs showed potent antiviral activity in large clinical trials
      that were performed in treatment-experienced, multidrug-resistant patients.
      Promising results have also been seen in an initial dose-ranging study with
      raltegravir in treatment-naive patients. Preliminary data describe integrase
      inhibitor resistance profiles, but more data are needed in this area. Both agents
      were well tolerated in clinical trials, with favorable pharmaco-kinetic profiles
      for once- or twice-daily dosing. Raltegravir and elvitegravir differ in their
      metabolism, resulting in distinct drug-interaction profiles for each agent. Based
      on available data, this new class of antiretrovirals will soon be widely used in
      antiretroviral-experienced patients infected with HIV. In the future, this class
      of drugs may become a reasonable treatment option for antiretroviral-naive
      patients, but more data are needed in that patient population.

PMID- 18154481
TI  - Benefits and risks of aprotinin use during cardiac surgery.
AB  - Aprotinin is a serine protease inhibitor with antithrombotic, antifibrinolytic,
      and antiinflammatory effects. It is effective in reducing bleeding and the need
      for blood transfusions after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
      Additional benefits, such as cerebral protection, are hypothesized but not yet
      thoroughly substantiated. The safety of aprotinin has been questioned based on a
      phase IV analysis of large data sets, including patients undergoing cardiac
      surgery. Potential risks including increased occurrences of stroke, myocardial
      infarction, renal failure, and death are implied by these analyses; however,
      adequate study group matching is lacking from these nonrandomized, retrospective
      studies. In October 2007, a large randomized controlled trial comparing
      antifibrinolytics in patients undergoing cardiac surgery was stopped after a
      preliminary analysis suggested a trend toward an increase in all-cause 30-day
      mortality associated with aprotinin. Subsequently, the manufacturer of aprotinin
      temporarily suspended marketing and halted all shipment of aprotinin on a
      worldwide basis. Pending a complete analysis of this study, the use of aprotinin
      could be considered as one component of a blood conservation strategy. After
      contemplating the benefits and risks of this controversial drug, clinicians
      should reserve its use for patients at high risk for postoperative blood loss.

PMID- 18154482
TI  - New therapeutic strategies with combined renin-angiotensin system inhibitors for
      pediatric nephropathy.
AB  - Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors may delay progression of several
      chronic kidney diseases in adults. Two classes of RAS inhibitors--angiotensin
      converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)-
      have been shown to have renoprotective abilities. Despite their different
      mechanisms of action, these two drug classes appear to have comparable
      antiproteinuric and renoprotective properties. Preliminary investigations suggest
      that combination therapy with an ACE inhibitor and ARB offers additional benefit.
      Only a few studies with these drugs for treatment of pediatric nephrology have
      been conducted; however, their results are encouraging. Additional clinical
      trials are needed to confirm these results.

PMID- 18154483
TI  - Efficacy of aminophylline for treatment of recurrent symptomatic bradycardia
      after spinal cord injury.
AB  - Cardiac dysrhythmias and cardiac arrest can occur after acute spinal cord injury
      (SCI). Disrupted sympathetic innervation after SCI results in unopposed
      parasympathetic activity leading to baseline bradycardia. Hence, vagal
      stimulation can result in episodes of exaggerated symptomatic bradycardia. Data
      supporting pharmacologic intervention for treatment of symptomatic bradycardia
      after SCI are limited. We describe a patient who sustained a high cervical SCI
      and subsequently developed episodic symptomatic bradycardia. The addition of
      aminophylline to the patient's therapeutic regimen was associated with resolution
      of the bradycardia. Throughout her treatment course, the patient's serum
      theophylline concentrations were 1.9-3.4 mg/L. These levels were consistent with
      those identified in other case reports describing treatment with methylxanthines
      to prevent episodic bradycardia after SCI. Our understanding of drug
      pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with acute SCI is limited and
      provides an ideal opportunity for further study in this area.

PMID- 18154484
TI  - Depressive disorder associated with mycophenolate mofetil.
AB  - Immunosuppressive pharmacologic agents are associated with a diverse array of
      adverse drug reactions. One of these agents, mycophenolate mofetil, is indicated
      for prevention of allogeneic organ transplant rejection and has recently been
      evaluated for treatment of autoimmune disease states, including myasthenia
      gravis. Although the prescribing information for mycophenolate mofetil reports
      depression as an adverse event, no descriptions of the onset or manifestation of
      this idiosyncratic reaction have been published. This case report describes a 64
      year-old woman with myasthenia gravis who received mycophenolate mofetil and
      developed a severe depressive disorder requiring hospitalization 4 days after the
      start of therapy. The drug was discontinued, and she was treated with sertraline,
      quetiapine, and clonazepam. Within 2 days after mycophenolate mofetil
      discontinuation, the patient's depressive symptoms had markedly improved. Eight
      days later, mycophenolate mofetil was reintroduced under direct observation.
      After day 2 of this rechallenge, the patient reported a substantial increase in
      her depressive symptoms. Treatment was discontinued again, with improvement in
      the patient's symptoms within 2 days. Use of the Naranjo adverse drug reaction
      probability scale indicated a probable relationship between the patient's
      development of depression and mycophenolate mofetil therapy. Future evaluations
      of mycophenolate mofetil should include an assessment of psychological adverse
      effects. In addition, postmarketing surveillance should be encouraged to further
      delineate the association between depression and mycophenolate mofetil therapy.

PMID- 18154485
TI  - Cancer chemoprevention through dietary antioxidants: progress and promise.
AB  - It is estimated that nearly one-third of all cancer deaths in the United States
      could be prevented through appropriate dietary modification. Various dietary
      antioxidants have shown considerable promise as effective agents for cancer
      prevention by reducing oxidative stress which has been implicated in the
      development of many diseases, including cancer. Therefore, for reducing the
      incidence of cancer, modifications in dietary habits, especially by increasing
      consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants, are increasingly
      advocated. Accumulating research evidence suggests that many dietary factors may
      be used alone or in combination with traditional chemotherapeutic agents to
      prevent the occurrence of cancer, their metastatic spread, or even to treat
      cancer. The reduced cancer risk and lack of toxicity associated with high intake
      of fruits and vegetables suggest that specific concentrations of antioxidant
      agents from these dietary sources may produce cancer chemopreventive effects
      without causing significant levels of toxicity. This review presents an extensive
      analysis of the key findings from studies on the effects of dietary antioxidants
      such as tea polyphenols, curcumin, genistein, resveratrol, lycopene, pomegranate,
      and lupeol against cancers of the skin, prostate, breast, lung, and liver. This
      research is also leading to the identification of novel cancer drug targets.

PMID- 18154486
TI  - Modified directly observed therapy: sustained self-reported adherence and HIV
      health status.

PMID- 18154487
TI  - Highly active antiretroviral therapy as the sole treatment for AIDS-related
      primary central nervous system lymphoma: a case report with implications for
      treatment.
AB  - A 40-year-old male presented to medical attention with Pneumocystis jiroveci
      pneumonia and HIV infection. His CD4+ count was 18 cells per microliter and his
      HIV viral load (VL) was more than 400,000 copies milliliter. After 3 weeks of
      antibiotic therapy, he continued to have global cognitive deficits. A brain
      imaging study showed a right temporal mass, which on biopsy proved to be primary
      central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). He began highly active antiretroviral
      therapy (HAART) but declined palliative whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Four
      months later, his CD4+ count had improved to 153 cells per microliter and his HIV
      VL was less than 75 copies per milliliter. At 36 months follow-up, he remained in
      complete remission (CR). Through a literature review, we identified 4 additional
      PCNSL patients who achieved prolonged remission after the initiation of HAART.
      One patient required WBRT and ventriculo-peritoneal shunting for signs and
      symptoms of obstructive hydrocephalus. The other 3 patients presented with stable
      neurologic findings and were treated with HAART alone. The median initial CD4+
      count for these patients was 50 cells per microliter (range, 2 to 220 cells per
      microliter). All 5 remained in CR with a median follow-up of 23.5 (range, 13 to
      36) months. For patients who present with PCNSL as their initial AIDS-defining
      event, stable neurologic findings, and effective HAART options, initial treatment
      with HAART alone may be possible, reserving WBRT and corticosteroids for those
      who show signs of impending neurologic demise. Chemotherapy and other novel
      approaches could also be considered for selected patients with lesser degrees of
      immune suppression and high baseline functional status.

PMID- 18154488
TI  - Does HIV infection alter the incidence or pathology of Helicobacter pylori
      infection?
AB  - Gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort is a common complaint among patients infected
      with HIV. GI symptoms can be caused by a myriad of factors including but not
      limited to coinfections, antiretroviral therapy, medications for opportunistic
      infections, and nutritional status. Some researchers have hypothesized that
      Helicobacter pylori infection may be more common among HIV-infected patients as a
      result of immune suppression. An increased incidence of H. pylori infection would
      contribute to the prevalence of GI complaints in this population. Several
      epidemiologic studies have examined the relationship between H. pylori infection
      and HIV. While studies have generally reported conflicting results that may be
      related to the use of varied study designs, some identifiable patterns can be
      discerned. It does appear that the incidence of H. pylori infection is lower
      among patients with AIDS compared to matched HIV-infected and -uninfected
      controls. This review discusses the various epidemiologic trials that have been
      conducted in this area and describes the potential physiologic mechanisms to
      explain these findings. The clinical applicability of these studies as well as
      limitations are also discussed. A greater number of well-designed and controlled
      trials are needed before any definitive conclusions regarding these diseases can
      be made, until such time clinicians should be aware of the potential issues
      regarding H. pylori screening and management in the context of HIV. Research in
      this area might also provide information relating to HIV-associated GI changes
      and the role of these changes in HIV pathogenesis.

PMID- 18154489
TI  - Initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy with newer protease inhibitors is
      associated with better survival compared to first-generation protease inhibitors
      or nevirapine.
AB  - The high prevalence of comorbidity among HIV-infected patients in care such as
      hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection and mental illness may contribute to
      increased toxicity and decreased adherence to highly active antiretroviral
      therapy (HAART). Newer HAART regimens have less toxicity and better dosing
      characteristics than first-generation regimens, but it is not known whether they
      are associated with improved clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to
      examine the effect of patient factors and initial HAART regimen on survival among
      HIV-infected patients in routine care. We conducted an observational study of all
      HAART-naive patients in the University of Washington HIV cohort who initiated
      HAART between January 1996 and October 2005. Cox survival analyses were used to
      examine the association between time to death and treatment with first-generation
      protease inhibitors (PIs; indinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir), newer PIs
      (amprenavir, atazanavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir), efavirenz, or nevirapine,
      controlling for baseline characteristics, and calendar period. Of 694 patients,
      84 (12%) died. In adjusted analyses, patients treated with a first-generation PI
      (hazard ratio [HR] 1.9, p = 0.04) or nevirapine (HR 2.0, p = 0.046) had twice the
      risk of death compared with those receiving a newer PI. Survival for patients
      treated with efavirenz did not differ from those receiving a newer PI (HR 1.1, p
      = 0.8). Greater disease severity (HR 1.7, p = 0.03), hepatitis C virus (HCV; HR
      1.6, p = 0.05), and depression (HR 2.0, p = 0.007) were independent predictors of
      increased mortality. This study demonstrates significant improvement in survival
      among patients initiating HAART with newer PIs compared to first-generation PIs
      or nevirapine, and highlights the complexity of patient factors affecting the
      clinical outcomes of treatment.

PMID- 18154490
TI  - Spanish validation of the HIV dementia scale in women.
AB  - HIV infection is increasing in minority groups, particularly in African American
      and Hispanic women. Although the incidence of HIV dementia has decreased since
      the advent of highly active antiretroviral treatment, prevalence of
      neurocognitive complications has increased as patients are now living longer.
      This study's purpose was to determine the psychometric properties of the Spanish
      language HIV Dementia Scale (HDS) in a group of HIV-infected women. We recruited
      96 women: 60 HIV-seropositive and 36 HIV-seronegative. Modification of the HDS
      into a Spanish-language version consisted of translating the instructions,
      substituting four words in Spanish (gato, media, azul, pina), increasing 1 second
      in the psychomotor speed because the Spanish alphabet has more letters than the
      English alphabet, and not offering clues for memory recall. Cognitive impairment
      (CI) was defined according to the modified American Academy of Neurology HIV
      dementia criteria including an asymptomatic CI group. Statistical analysis
      consisted of analysis of variance to determine group differences and receiver
      operator characteristics (ROC) to determine the optimal cutoff point for the
      screening of CI. HDS-Spanish total score and subscores for psychomotor speed and
      memory recall showed significant differences between HIV-seronegative and women
      with HIV-dementia (p < 0.001) and between HIV-seropositive women with normal
      cognition and those with HIV-dementia (p < 0.001). The optimal cutoff point of 13
      or less had performance characteristics of 87% sensitivity and 46% specificity
      for HIV-associated CI (50.0% positive predictive value, 85.0% negative predictive
      value). The HDS-Spanish translation offers a useful screening tool with value for
      the identification of Hispanic women at risk of developing HIV-associated
      symptomatic neurocognitive disturbances.

PMID- 18154491
TI  - Major depression in patients with HIV/AIDS and substance abuse.
AB  - Previous research has been inconsistent in documenting a strong relationship
      between depression and HIV/AIDS, although a recent meta-analysis of studies
      examining this issue indicates that rates of depression are modestly higher for
      this population. For the current study, conducted from 2001-2004, we sought to
      examine rates and types of depressive symptoms in a cohort of patients receiving
      HIV care at two urban medical centers. These patients were participants in an
      intervention study examining adherence and mental health in persons triply
      diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, and HIV/AIDS.
      Nearly three quarters of these participants were people of color, two thirds
      described their sexual orientation as heterosexual, and the vast majority were
      unemployed. We sought to examine the relationship of depression to patients'
      adherence to antiretroviral medication regimens (highly active antiretroviral
      therapy [HAART]). Results obtained from structured clinical interviews and self
      report questionnaires indicated that study participants experienced high rates of
      depressive symptoms, and that 72.9% of participants met criteria for major
      depressive disorder (MDD). The results of this study offer a detailed view of the
      incidence and nature of MDDs and depressive symptoms for an urban sample of
      substance-abusing adults with HIV/AIDS. Given the degree to which depressive
      symptoms and MDD appear to be prevalent for this group, as well as the
      observation that these symptoms are amenable to treatment, future research should
      focus on identifying helpful strategies and interventions for treating these
      symptoms, effective ways of providing linkages to care, and ways in which
      standardized assessment and treatment protocols might be adapted to better suit
      this population.

PMID- 18154492
TI  - Male patient perceptions of HIV stigma in health care contexts.
AB  - Individuals living with HIV may have a heightened sensitivity to the behaviors of
      others that may signal bias or discrimination. Identifying and avoiding these
      potentially problematic behaviors may be especially important for service
      providers, such as health care personnel, who regularly interact with HIV
      positive clientele. This study examines the experiences of 50 male American
      military veterans living with HIV and their perceptions of HIV stigma within
      health care contexts. Participants described a variety of behaviors performed by
      health care personnel that they perceived to be indicative of HIV stigma, ranging
      from ambiguous nonverbal cues (e.g., minimal eye contact) to blatant
      discrimination (e.g., physical abuse of HIV-positive patients). These findings
      extend previous research on HIV stigma in health care settings by (1) focusing on
      health care personnel's actual behaviors rather than their attitudes and beliefs
      about HIV-positive patients, (2) including patients' perceptions regarding the
      behaviors of both clinical and nonclinical health care personnel, and (3)
      identifying behaviors patients perceive as stigmatizing that are unique to health
      care contexts. Combined, these findings provide health care personnel a tangible
      list of behaviors that should either be avoided or further explained to HIV
      positive patients, as they may be interpreted as stigmatizing.

PMID- 18154493
TI  - Women's HIV disclosure to immediate family.
AB  - Previous researchers have comprehensively documented rates of HIV disclosure to
      family at discrete time periods yet none have taken a dynamic approach to this
      phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to address the trajectory of HIV
      serostatus disclosure to family members over time. Time to disclosure was
      analyzed from data provided by 125 primarily single (48.8%), HIV-positive African
      American (68%) adult women. Data collection occurred between 2001 and 2006.
      Results indicated that women were most likely to disclose their HIV status within
      the first seven years after diagnosis, and mothers and sisters were most likely
      to be told. Rates of disclosure were not significantly impacted by indicators of
      disease progression, frequency of contact, physical proximity, or relationship
      satisfaction. The results of this study are discussed in comparison to previous
      disclosure research, and clinical implications are provided.

PMID- 18154494
TI  - Initial outcomes of an emergency department rapid HIV testing program in western
      Kenya.
AB  - This paper reports the initial operational outcomes of an emergency department
      based HIV testing program in a high-prevalence and resource-limited setting by
      describing (1) the number and percentage of patients approached, tested, and
      found to be HIV positive and (2) the linkage of care to the HIV clinic. A
      retrospective log and chart review of the initial 5 months (January 2006 to April
      2006) of the HIV testing program was performed. Patients were selected for HIV
      testing by routine screening and by provider initiated referrals. Out of the 1371
      patients who were approached for HIV testing, 1339 (97.7%) patients were tested
      for HIV. Three hundred twelve (22.7%) of the patients tested were HIV positive.
      Within a sample group of patients newly diagnosed with HIV in the department, 82%
      were compliant with their initial HIV clinic visit and 65% were compliant with a
      1-month follow-up visit. The implementation of an emergency department-based HIV
      testing program in a high HIV prevalence and resource poor country is feasible
      with a high percentage of patients accepting HIV testing and a high percentage of
      positive patients presenting to follow-up care. Establishment of rapid HIV
      testing in emergency departments can identify significant numbers of HIV-positive
      patients who would otherwise remain undiagnosed and provides an education
      opportunity for those patients who are HIV negative.

PMID- 18154497
TI  - The evolution of a cognitive psychologist: a journey from simple behaviors to
      complex mental acts.
AB  - The author summarizes his evolving interests from conditioning studies within a
      behaviorist orientation, thence to human memory, knowledge representation, and
      narrative understanding and memory. Arguing that the study of skilled reading
      provides a microcosm for revealing cognitive processes, he illustrates this by
      reviewing his research on the use of spatial priming to investigate readers' on
      line updating of their situational models of texts. Conceptual entities close to
      the reader's focus of attention within the model are readily retrieved. Retrieval
      speed from memory declines with the probed object's distance from the current
      focus and decays with time elapsed in the narrative since the item was last in
      focus. The focus effect varies with the character's perspective, his status in
      the story, his active goals, and other factors. The results are accommodated
      within an associative network model distinguishing just-read sentences in short
      term memory from activated portions of long-term memory structures to which they
      refer.

PMID- 18154498
TI  - Addiction and the brain antireward system.
AB  - A neurobiological model of the brain emotional systems has been proposed to
      explain the persistent changes in motivation that are associated with
      vulnerability to relapse in addiction, and this model may generalize to other
      psychopathology associated with dysregulated motivational systems. In this
      framework, addiction is conceptualized as a cycle of decreased function of brain
      reward systems and recruitment of antireward systems that progressively worsen,
      resulting in the compulsive use of drugs. Counteradaptive processes, such as
      opponent process, that are part of the normal homeostatic limitation of reward
      function fail to return within the normal homeostatic range and are hypothesized
      to repeatedly drive the allostatic state. Excessive drug taking thus results in
      not only the short-term amelioration of the reward deficit but also suppression
      of the antireward system. However, in the long term, there is worsening of the
      underlying neurochemical dysregulations that ultimately form an allostatic state
      (decreased dopamine and opioid peptide function, increased corticotropin
      releasing factor activity). This allostatic state is hypothesized to be reflected
      in a chronic deviation of reward set point that is fueled not only by
      dysregulation of reward circuits per se but also by recruitment of brain and
      hormonal stress responses. Vulnerability to addiction may involve genetic
      comorbidity and developmental factors at the molecular, cellular, or
      neurocircuitry levels that sensitize the brain antireward systems.

PMID- 18154499
TI  - The brain, appetite, and obesity.
AB  - Food intake and energy expenditure are controlled by complex, redundant, and
      distributed neural systems that reflect the fundamental biological importance of
      adequate nutrient supply and energy balance. Much progress has been made in
      identifying the various hormonal and neural mechanisms by which the brain informs
      itself about availability of ingested and stored nutrients and, in turn,
      generates behavioral, autonomic, and endocrine output. While hypothalamus and
      caudal brainstem play crucial roles in this homeostatic function, areas in the
      cortex and limbic system are important for processing information regarding prior
      experience with food, reward, and emotion, as well as social and environmental
      context. Most vertebrates can store a considerable amount of energy as fat for
      later use, and this ability has now become one of the major health risks for many
      human populations. The predisposition to develop obesity can theoretically result
      from any pathological malfunction or lack of adaptation to changing environments
      of this highly complex system.

PMID- 18154500
TI  - Color in complex scenes.
AB  - The appearance of an object or surface depends strongly on the light from other
      objects and surfaces in view. This review focuses on color in complex scenes,
      which have regions of different colors in view simultaneously and/or
      successively, as in natural viewing. Two fundamental properties distinguish the
      chromatic representation evoked by a complex scene from the representation for an
      isolated patch of light. First, in complex scenes, the color of an object is not
      fully determined by the light from that object reaching the eye. Second, the
      chromatic representation of a complex scene contributes not only to hue,
      saturation, and brightness, but also to other percepts such as shape, texture,
      and object segmentation. These two properties are cornerstones of this review,
      which examines color perception with context that varies over space or time,
      including color constancy, and chromatic contributions to such percepts as
      orientation, contour, depth, and motion.

PMID- 18154501
TI  - Relativity of remembering: why the laws of memory vanished.
AB  - For 120 years, cognitive psychologists have sought general laws of learning and
      memory. In this review I conclude that none has stood the test of time. No
      empirical law withstands manipulation across the four sets of factors that
      Jenkins (1979) identified as critical to memory experiments: types of subjects,
      kinds of events to be remembered, manipulation of encoding conditions, and
      variations in test conditions. Another factor affecting many phenomena is whether
      a manipulation of conditions occurs in randomized, within-subjects designs rather
      than between-subjects (or within-subject, blocked) designs. The fact that simple
      laws do not hold reveals the complex, interactive nature of memory phenomena.
      Nonetheless, the science of memory is robust, with most findings easily
      replicated under the same conditions as originally used, but when other variables
      are manipulated, effects may disappear or reverse. These same points are probably
      true of psychological research in most, if not all, domains.

PMID- 18154502
TI  - Dual-processing accounts of reasoning, judgment, and social cognition.
AB  - This article reviews a diverse set of proposals for dual processing in higher
      cognition within largely disconnected literatures in cognitive and social
      psychology. All these theories have in common the distinction between cognitive
      processes that are fast, automatic, and unconscious and those that are slow,
      deliberative, and conscious. A number of authors have recently suggested that
      there may be two architecturally (and evolutionarily) distinct cognitive systems
      underlying these dual-process accounts. However, it emerges that (a) there are
      multiple kinds of implicit processes described by different theorists and (b) not
      all of the proposed attributes of the two kinds of processing can be sensibly
      mapped on to two systems as currently conceived. It is suggested that while some
      dual-process theories are concerned with parallel competing processes involving
      explicit and implicit knowledge systems, others are concerned with the influence
      of preconscious processes that contextualize and shape deliberative reasoning and
      decision-making.

PMID- 18154503
TI  - The education of dyslexic children from childhood to young adulthood.
AB  - The past two decades have witnessed an explosion in our understanding of dyslexia
      (or specific reading disability), the most common and most carefully studied of
      the learning disabilities. We first review the core concepts of dyslexia: its
      definition, prevalence, and developmental course. Next we examine the cognitive
      model of dyslexia, especially the phonological theory, and review empiric data
      suggesting genetic and neurobiological influences on the development of dyslexia.
      With the scientific underpinnings of dyslexia serving as a foundation, we turn
      our attention to evidence-based approaches to diagnosis and treatment, including
      interventions and accommodations. Teaching reading represents a major focus. We
      first review those reading interventions effective in early grades, and then
      review interventions for older students. To date the preponderance of
      intervention studies have focused on word-level reading; newer studies are
      beginning to examine reading interventions that have gone beyond word reading to
      affect reading fluency and reading comprehension. The article concludes with a
      discussion of the critical role of accommodations for dyslexic students and the
      recent neurobiological evidence supporting the need for such accommodations.

PMID- 18154504
TI  - Children's social competence in cultural context.
AB  - Social initiative and behavioral control represent two major dimensions of
      children's social competence. Cultural norms and values with respect to these
      dimensions may affect the exhibition, meaning, and development of specific social
      behaviors such as sociability, shyness-inhibition, cooperation-compliance, and
      aggression-defiance, as well as the quality and function of social relationships.
      The culturally guided social interaction processes including evaluations and
      responses likely serve as an important mediator of cultural influence on
      children's social behaviors, relationships, and developmental patterns. In this
      article, we review research on children's social functioning and peer
      relationships in different cultures from an integrative contextual-developmental
      perspective. We also review research on the implications of the macro-level
      social and cultural changes that are happening in many societies for
      socialization and development of social competence.

PMID- 18154506
TI  - Characterization of transgene integration loci in transformed Madin Darby bovine
      kidney cells.
AB  - Generation of transgenic animals is invaluable for both basic and applied
      research, as it enables the production of biologically active proteins and
      immunologically compatible organs for xenotransplantation, improvement of
      livestock production traits, and establishment of animal models of human disease.
      However, transgene expression is commonly highly variable, even among cell lines
      independently transformed with the same construct. Consequently, a great number
      of transfections and screening is needed to achieve transgenic cell lines showing
      expected phenotype. In this study, we sequenced transgene-host DNA junctions of
      transgene integration loci in 26 independently transformed Madin Darby bovine
      kidney (MDBK) cell lines produced by direct liposome transfection. For 15 rescued
      clones, sequences were of sufficient length and quality to determine
      unambiguously the position of integration in the bovine genome. Results revealed
      that transgenes were integrated in 12 different chromosomes, suggesting that
      there was no chromosomal preference for insertion of exogenous DNA. Most
      integration events occurred into transcriptionally active regions. No correlation
      was found between integration into transcribed sequences and the expression level
      of the beta-gal transgene.

PMID- 18154507
TI  - Transgenesis and nuclear transfer using porcine embryonic germ cells.
AB  - Embryonic germ (EG) cells are undifferentiated stem cells isolated from cultured
      primordial germ cells (PGC). Porcine EG cell lines with capacities of both in
      vitro and in vivo differentiation have been established. Because EG cells can be
      cultured indefinitely in an undifferentiated state, they may be more suitable for
      nuclear donor cells in nuclear transfer (NT) than somatic cells that have limited
      lifespan in primary culture. Use of EG cells could be particularly advantageous
      to provide an inexhaustible source of transgenic cells for NT. In this study the
      efficiencies of transgenesis and NT using porcine fetal fibroblasts and EG cells
      were compared. The rate of development to the blastocyst stage was significantly
      higher in EG cell NT than somatic cell NT (94 of 518, 18.2% vs. 72 of 501,
      14.4%). To investigate if EG cells can be used for transgenesis in pigs, green
      fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was introduced into porcine EG cells. Nuclear
      transfer embryos using transfected EG cells gave rise to blastocysts (29 of 137,
      21.2%) expressing GFP based on observation under fluorescence microscope. The
      results obtained from the present study suggest that EG cell NT may have
      advantages over somatic cell NT, and transgenic pigs may be produced using EG
      cells.

PMID- 18154508
TI  - Piglets born from vitrified cloned blastocysts produced with a simplified method
      of delipation and nuclear transfer.
AB  - Successful cryopreservation of porcine embryos offers a promising perspective in
      the fields of agriculture, animal science, and human medical research. The
      objective of the present work was to establish a system facilitating the
      cryopreservation of porcine embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer
      (SCNT). Several key techniques including micromanipulator-based enucleation,
      noninvasive delipation, zona-free fusion, and activation were combined with high
      efficiency. After a partial zona digestion and high-speed centrifugation, 89.8+/
      2.1% (mean+/-SEM) of enucleated oocytes were successfully delipated. Delipated
      cytoplasts were incubated for an additional 0.5 or 2 h before fusion with somatic
      cells. After activation and 6 days of in vitro culture, no significant difference
      in the rate of blastocysts per reconstructed embryo was observed between the two
      groups (33.1+/-1.8% and 26.0+/-4.3% for 0.5 and 2 h recovery time, respectively).
      Cryopreservation of the blastocysts was performed with a Cryotop device and
      factory-prepared vitrification and warming solutions. One hundred fifty-five
      vitrified SCNT embryos were transferred surgically into two recipient sows to
      test their developmental capacity in vivo. One recipient became pregnant and
      delivered six piglets. In conclusion, our simplified delipation and SCNT
      procedure resulted in viable piglets after vitrification and embryo transfer at
      the blastocyst stage.

PMID- 18154509
TI  - DNA methylation status in somatic and placenta cells of cloned cats.
AB  - We recently produced 11 cloned kittens by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)
      using fibroblasts from a feline fetus (donor A, three kittens), an adult domestic
      cat (donor B, one kitten), and a deaf adult Turkish Angora cat (donor C, seven
      kittens). Two kittens were stillborn and three died a month after birth. The
      donor C-derived kittens did not share their donor's eye color or deafness. To
      test whether this and the low cloning success rate are due to epigenetic
      modifications, we compared the methylation of somatic and placental cells from
      the cloned cats and domestic normal cats by bisulfite mutagenesis sequencing
      analysis. The DNA methylation of somatic cells from the cloned kittens ranged
      from 78.0% to 88.9%, and did not differ significantly depending on whether they
      were stillborn, died early after birth, or were healthy. Donors B and C showed
      similar levels of methylation (77.0% and 79.1%, respectively), as did somatic
      cells from normal domestic and Turkish Angora cats (range, 75.7-88.0%). However,
      donor A showed less methylation (70.6%) than the somatic cells from the kittens
      derived from it (range, 82.2-88.9%). Moreover, placental cells from three donor C
      derived kittens showed significantly higher DNA methylation (range, 76.7-80.5%)
      than placental cells from normal domestic cats (range, 64.2-74.9%). Thus,
      methylation of satellite regions in somatic cells may not be responsible for the
      stillbirth, early death, or different eye and hearing attributes of cloned cats.
      However, hypermethylation in the placenta of cloned cats may be responsible for
      low success rates in cloning cats.

PMID- 18154510
TI  - A mouse and embryonic stem cell derived from a single embryo.
AB  - Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a good material for the study of mammalian
      development, production of genetically modified animals, and drug discovery
      because they proliferate infinitely while maintaining a multilineage
      differentiation potency and a normal karyotype. However, ethical considerations
      limit the use of human embryos for the establishment of ESCs. Recently, ESCs have
      been produced from blastomeres divided by biopsy in mice and humans. The method
      is expected to be less controversial because it does not destroy the embryo.
      However, no one has yet produced both a pup and an ESC from a single embryo.
      Here, we describe the production of individual/ESC pairs from each of three
      embryos out of 20 attempts, and is thus considered efficient. Blastomere-derived
      ESC could differentiate some types of tissues and contribute to chimera mouse.
      These results show that each blastomere at two-cell stage possesses pluripotency
      and separated blastomeres maintain viability to develop to a pup or pluripotent
      ESC.

PMID- 18154511
TI  - Comparative gene expression analysis of bovine nuclear-transferred embryos with
      different developmental potential by cDNA microarray and real-time PCR to
      determine genes that might reflect calf normality.
AB  - Placental abnormalities are the main factor in the high incidence of somatic cell
      clone abnormalities. The expression of several trophoblast cell-specific
      molecules is enhanced during gestational days 7 to 14. To determine the possible
      genes whose expression patterns might reflect calf normality, we first compared
      the gene expression profiles on day 15 between in vitro-fertilized (IVF) embryos
      and two types of somatic cell nuclear-transferred embryos with either a high
      (FNT) or low (CNT) incidence of neonatal abnormalities using a cDNA microarray
      containing 16 of 21 placenta-specific genes developed from tissues collected
      across gestation. To identify significant genes from the screening of day 15
      embryos, genes with a less than two-fold difference in expression between IVF and
      CNT embryos, and those with a greater than two-fold difference between IVF and
      FNT and between CNT and FNT were considered to contribute to clone abnormalities.
      These two comparisons revealed 18 down-regulated and 18 upregulated genes of the
      1722 genes examined. We then examined the expression levels of 10 genes with
      known functions in eight-cell and blastocyst-stage embryos by real-time PCR. The
      mRNA expression pattern of interferon (IFN)-tau, a trophectoderm-related gene,
      differed between IVF, CNT, and FNT eight-cell embryos; few or none of the IVF or
      CNT eight-cell embryos expressed IFN-tau mRNA, but all eight-cell FNT embryos
      expressed IFN-tau. IFN-tau mRNA expression was significantly higher in IVF
      blastocysts, however, than in nuclear-transferred blastocysts. Average IFN-tau
      mRNA expression in FNT blastocysts was not different from that in CNT
      blastocysts, due to one CNT blastocyst with high expression. The precise relation
      between early expression of IFN-tau mRNA and inferior developmental potential in
      cloned embryos should be examined further.

PMID- 18154512
TI  - Rat embryonic stem-like (ES-like) cells can contribute to extraembryonic tissues
      in vivo.
AB  - Despite significant advances achieved through gene targeting in mouse embryonic
      stem (ES) cells, this technology is presently only available in mice. Because the
      rat is a species of undeniable importance to biomedical research, attempts at
      derivation of rat ES cell lines have been ongoing for many years; however, the
      putative rat ES cell lines that have been reported to date have not yet displayed
      the ability to contribute in vivo to developing tissues following embryo
      injection. In contrast to previous studies, we describe herein the successful
      derivation and characterization of rat ES-like cell lines that not only express
      markers of undifferentiated cells, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and stage
      specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) cell surface antigen, but also retain
      expression of Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1) a homeodomain transcription factor and
      molecular marker of pluripotent cells. Notably, these rat ES-like cells, when
      injected into blastocysts transferred to pseudopregnant females, can contribute
      to developing extraembryonic tissues. This report demonstrates for the first time
      that rat ES-like cells can be derived efficiently, can express a panel of
      pluripotent cell markers, can be genetically modified in vitro and cryopreserved,
      and importantly, are capable of contributing to extraembryonic tissues in vivo.

PMID- 18154513
TI  - Efficient transfection of primarily cultured porcine embryonic fibroblasts using
      the Amaxa Nucleofection system.
AB  - Porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEF) are important as donor cells for nuclear
      transfer for generation of genetically modified pigs. In this study, we
      determined an optimal protocol for transfection of PEF with the Amaxa
      Nucleofection system, which directly transfers DNA into the nucleus of cells, and
      compared its efficiency with conventional lipofection and electroporation. Cell
      survival and transfection efficiency were assessed using dye-exclusion assay and
      a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter construct, respectively. Our optimized
      nucleofection parameters yielded survival rates above 60%. Under these
      conditions, FACS analysis demonstrated that 79% of surviving cells exhibited
      transgene expression 48 h after nucleofection when program U23 was used. This
      efficiency was higher than that of transfection of PEFs with electroporation (ca.
      3-53%) or lipofection (ca. 3-8%). Transfected cells could be expanded as stably
      transgene-expressing clones over a month. When porcine nuclear transfer (NT) was
      performed using stable transformant expressing GFP as a donor cell, 5-6% of
      reconstituted embryos developed to blastocysts, from which 30-50% of embryos
      exhibited NT-embryo-derived green fluorescence. Under the conditions evaluated,
      nucleofection exhibited higher efficiency than conventional electroporation and
      lipofection, and may be a useful alternative for generation of genetically
      engineered pigs through nuclear transfer.

PMID- 18154514
TI  - In vitro differentiation of male mouse embryonic stem cells into both presumptive
      sperm cells and oocytes.
AB  - Pioneer work in male mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells differentiation into germ
      cells (GC) showed generations of male or female gametes in separate experiments,
      using genetically manipulated or preselected ES cells. In an attempt to produce
      both types of gametes from male mouse ES cells without any genetic manipulation
      or preselection, we induce the differentiation by retinoic acid (RA) within
      nonadherent embryoid bodies (EB). It seems that gamete-like cell formation occurs
      in the correct manner based on the expression of early and late GC-specific genes
      such as Oct-4, Mvh, Stella, Dazl, Piwil 2, Pdrd 1, Rex 14, Rnf 17, Bmp8b,
      Acrosin, Stra-8, Haprin, LH-R, Gdf9, Zp3, Zp2, Sycp1, and Sycp3.
      Immunofluorescence analysis of morphologically well-formed GC and presumptive
      gametes showed positive labeling for SSEA1, Oct-4, EMA-1, FE-J1, Dazl, Fragilis,
      Mvh, Acrosin, and acetylated alpha-tubulin. Conventional cytogenetic and FISH
      analysis indicated a chromosome reduction in ES-derived GC. Our data suggest that
      ES cells with XY chromosomes can produce under the same experimental conditions
      both types of presumptive gametes, and this production depends on their
      positional and temporal information within the EB context.

PMID- 18154515
TI  - Genetic modification of embryonic stem cells with VEGF enhances cell survival and
      improves cardiac function.
AB  - Cardiac stem cell therapy remains hampered by acute donor cell death
      posttransplantation and the lack of reliable methods for tracking cell survival
      in vivo. We hypothesize that cells transfected with inducible vascular
      endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF(165)) can improve their survival as monitored
      by novel molecular imaging techniques. Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells were
      transfected with an inducible, bidirectional tetracycline (Bi-Tet) promoter
      driving VEGF(165) and renilla luciferase (Rluc). Addition of doxycycline induced
      Bi-Tet expression of VEGF(165) and Rluc significantly compared to baseline
      (p<0.05). Expression of VEGF(165) enhanced ES cell proliferation and inhibited
      apoptosis as determined by Annexin-V staining. For noninvasive imaging, ES cells
      were transduced with a double fusion (DF) reporter gene consisting of firefly
      luciferase and enhanced green fluorescence protein (Fluc-eGFP). There was a
      robust correlation between cell number and Fluc activity (R(2)=0.99). Analysis by
      immunostaining, histology, and RT-PCR confirmed that expression of Bi-Tet and DF
      systems did not affect ES cell self-renewal or pluripotency. ES cells were
      differentiated into beating embryoid bodies expressing cardiac markers such as
      troponin, Nkx2.5, and beta-MHC. Afterward, 5 x 10(5) cells obtained from these
      beating embryoid bodies or saline were injected into the myocardium of SV129 mice
      (n=36) following ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery.
      Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and echocardiography showed that VEGF(165)
      induction led to significant improvements in both transplanted cell survival and
      cardiac function (p<0.05). This is the first study to demonstrate imaging of
      embryonic stem cell-mediated gene therapy targeting cardiovascular disease. With
      further validation, this platform may have broad applications for current basic
      research and further clinical studies.

PMID- 18154516
TI  - A comparison of two in vitro maturation media for use with adult porcine oocytes
      for adult somatic cell nuclear transfer.
AB  - Two media used to mature adult porcine oocytes for somatic cell nuclear transfer
      were compared. In the first experiment, parthenogenetic embryos were produced
      using a maturation medium used by us previously to clone pigs (OMM199) and that
      described by Kuhholzer et al. (2001) to transport oocytes overnight (BOMED).
      There was no difference in maturation rates between the two different media.
      However, BOMED medium increased the percentage of parthenogenetic embryos that
      developed to the blastocyst stage compared with OMM199 (49% vs. 29%,
      respectively). In a second experiment, BOMED medium increased the percentage of
      SCNT embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage compared with OMM199 (22% vs.
      8%, respectively). The efficiency of our cloning protocol using adult oocytes
      matured in BOMED medium was then determined by transferring SCNT embryos
      reconstructed using adult fibroblasts to synchronized recipients. Primary
      cultures of adult fibroblasts were obtained from two adult male pigs and used for
      SCNT (passages 2-4). Between 82 and 146 fused couplets were transferred to seven
      recipients synchronized 1 day behind the embryos. Five recipients (71% pregnancy
      rate) subsequently farrowed a total of 23 piglets (4.4 average litter size).
      Overall efficiencies (liveborn/embryos transferred) were 3.2% for all transfers
      and 4.3% for animals that gave birth.

PMID- 18154517
TI  - Early development in utero of bovine nuclear transfer embryos using early G1 and
      G0 phase cells.
AB  - Bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) embryos can develop to normal calves,
      but the success rates are still quite low. Recently, enhanced development of
      bovine NT embryos to full term has been achieved using fibroblasts at the early
      G1 phase instead of cells at the quiescent (G0) phase. In the present study, we
      examined the morphological development in utero of NT embryos using early G1
      phase cells (eG1-NT embryos) and G0 phase cells (G0-NT embryos). We produced eG1-
      and G0-NT blastocysts, and then they were transferred to recipient heifers for
      transient development in utero up to day 14 of gestation. In vitro-fertilized
      (IVF), parthenogenetic and artificially inseminated (AI) embryos were used as
      controls. The rate of formation of embryonic disks of the recovered embryos was
      the same among the groups of eG1-NT, IVF, and AI embryos (p>0.05). The formation
      rate in eG1-NT embryos was significantly higher than that in G0-NT embryos
      (p<0.05). The lengths of eG1-NT embryos were the same as those of IVF,
      parthenogenetic, and AI embryos (p>0.05), but significantly shorter than those of
      G0-NT embryos (p<0.01). We conclude that the morphological development of day 14
      embryos derived from eG1-NT embryos was mostly similar to that of AI embryos, but
      that the morphological development of G0-NT embryos was abnormally large and
      different from that of AI and eG1-NT embryos.

PMID- 18154518
TI  - Ex vivo characteristics of human amniotic membrane-derived stem cells.
AB  - Cells were isolated from four human amniotic membranes, and their biological
      characteristics analyzed during ex vivo expansion. Morphologically homogenous
      populations of fibroblast-like cells were obtained from the second or third
      passage. Under the appropriate culture conditions, these human amniotic membrane
      derived mesenchymal cells (HAM) were shown to differentiate into adipocytes,
      osteocytes, chondrocytes and neuronal cells, as visualized by Oil Red O, von
      Kossa, alcian blue, anti-Neu N, and anti-Gal C antibody staining, respectively.
      Immunophenotype analysis of HAM cells revealed the presence of antigens for SSEA
      3, SSEA-4, collagen type-I, -II, -III, -IV, -XII, fibronectin, alpha-SMA,
      vimentin, desmin, cytokeratin18 (CK18), HCAM-1, fibroblast surface protein, and
      human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ABC. ICAM-1 protein was weakly detectable, and
      proteins of TRA-1-60, VCAM-1, von Willebrand factor, PECAM-1, and HLA DR were not
      detected. HAM cells reached senescence after 14.5+/-0.9 passages, over a period
      of 146.8+/-8.9 days, and underwent an average of 36.9 4.7 population doublings.
      RT-PCR analysis showed that all four HAM cell lines consistently expressed genes
      of Oct-4, Rex-1, SCF, NCAM, nestin, BMP-4, GATA-4, HNF-4alpha, vimentin, and
      CK18, regardless of the passage number. The genes of Brachyury, FGF-5, Pax-6, and
      BMP2 were never expressed. Strikingly, alpha-fetoprotein (alphaFP), HLA ABC, and
      HLA DR genes were expressed in an earlier passage but not expressed in later
      passages. Telomerase activity of two HAM lines was discernable upon the third
      passage. These observations strongly suggest that HAM might be immune-privileged
      and, thus, advantageous as therapeutic cells.

PMID- 18154519
TI  - Angiogenesis in day-30 bovine pregnancies derived from nuclear transfer.
AB  - Impaired placental angiogenesis during early pregnancy may result in placental
      defects that adversely affect development of nuclear-transfer (NT) embryos later
      in pregnancy. These experiments were designed to quantify and compare development
      of placental microvasculature and expression of genes associated with
      angiogenesis, including members of the VEGF and angiopoietin (Ang) families, in
      maternal and embryonic placental tissues of day 30 bovine concepti derived from
      NT or in vitro fertilization (IVF) followed by in vivo development to the
      blastocyst stage in the sheep oviduct. Microvascular volume density (MVD) within
      the caruncular tissues, as determined using Periodic Acid-Schiff's staining as
      well as immunohistochemical staining for von Willebrand's factor, was not
      different between NT- and IVF- derived pregnancies. Expression of genes
      implicated in angiogenic mechanisms, including VEGF-A and -C, placental growth
      factor (PlGF), VEGF receptors (Flt-1, Flk-1, and Flt-4), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1),
      Ang2, Tie1, Tie2, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), were determined. In chorio
      allantoic membranes, levels of PlGF transcripts were significantly lower in NT-
      than IVF-derived tissues (p<0.05), whereas HIF-1alpha transcription in chorio
      allantoic membranes of cloned concepti was higher at p<0.10. Caruncular
      expression of HIF-1alpha and Ang1 also was increased in NT-derived pregnancies at
      p <or= 0.10. Immunohistochemical staining of caruncular tissues for VEGF-A and
      the Flt-1 receptor revealed few differences in protein expression between NT- and
      IVF-derived pregnancies. These results indicate that expression of most
      angiogenic factors at day 30 of gestation is not altered as a result of the NT
      procedure; however, given reports of impaired placental vascular development in
      NT-derived bovine embryos, perturbations in angiogenesis may occur subsequently
      during early placental development and throughout gestation. Elevated expression
      of the HIF-1alpha gene in maternal and chorio-allantoic tissues of cloned
      concepti may suggest a generalized hypoxic condition in early placental tissues
      of NT-derived concepti, which could adversely affect subsequent development of
      the placenta.

PMID- 18154520
TI  - Verapamil reversibly inhibits spontaneous parthenogenetic activation in aged rat
      eggs cultured in vitro.
AB  - The present study was designed to investigate whether verapamil could inhibit
      spontaneous parthenogenetic activation in aged rat eggs cultured in vitro. Eggs
      collected from oviduct after 19 h post human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were
      arrested at the metaphase-II (M-II) stage and exhibited a first polar body.
      Culture of these aged eggs in calcium/magnesium (Ca(2+)/Mg(2+))-deficient and
      serum-free medium for 3 h induced exit from M-II, a morphological sign of
      spontaneous parthenogenetic activation in all eggs. However, verapamil reversibly
      inhibited spontaneous parthenogenetic activation in a dose-dependent manner.
      Further, lower doses (6.25, 12.5, and 25 muM) of verapamil induced egg survival,
      while higher doses (50 and 100 muM) were associated with the appearance of
      morphological apoptotic features such as shrinkage, membrane blebbing and
      cytoplasmic granulation prior to degeneration. The DNA fragmentation was induced
      [as evidenced by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) nick-end labeling
      (TUNEL) positive staining] in eggs undergoing morphological apoptotic changes. On
      the other hand, caspase-3 inhibitor (1 muM) partially inhibited morphological
      apoptotic changes (44.34+/-3.53%) suggesting the involvement of both Ca(2+)and
      caspase-3-mediated apoptotic pathways. These findings suggest that verapamil
      reversibly inhibits spontaneous parthenogenetic activation and induces egg
      survival at lower doses, while higher doses induce cell death via apoptosis.

PMID- 18154521
TI  - The kinetics of donor cell mtDNA in embryonic and somatic donor cell-derived
      bovine embryos.
AB  - The mechanisms controlling the outcome of donor cell-derived mitochondrial DNA
      (mtDNA) in cloned animals remain largely unknown. This research was designed to
      investigate the kinetics of somatic and embryonic mtDNA in reconstructed bovine
      embryos during preimplantation development, as well as in cloned animals. The
      experiment involved two different procedures of embryo reconstruction and their
      evaluation at five distinct phases of embryo development to measure the
      proportion of donor cell mtDNA (Bos indicus), as well as the segregation of this
      mtDNA during cleavage. The ratio of donor cell (B. indicus) to host oocyte (B.
      taurus) mtDNA (heteroplasmy) from blastomere(NT-B) and fibroblast(NT-F)
      reconstructed embryos was estimated using an allele-specific PCR with
      fluorochrome-stained specific primers in each sampled blastomere, in whole
      blastocysts, and in the tissues of a fibroblast-derived newborn clone. NT-B
      zygotes and blastocysts show similar levels of heteroplasmy (11.0% and 14.0%,
      respectively), despite a significant decrease at the 9-16 cell stage (5.8%;
      p<0.05). Heteroplasmy levels in NT-F reconstructed zygotes, however, increased
      from an initial low level (4.7%), to 12.9% (p<0.05) at the 9-16 cell stage. The
      NT-F blastocysts contained low levels of heteroplasmy (2.2%) and no somatic
      derived mtDNA was detected in the gametes or the tissues of the newborn calf
      cloned. These results suggest that, in contrast to the mtDNA of blastomeres, that
      of somatic cells either undergoes replication or escapes degradation during
      cleavage, although it is degraded later after the blastocyst stage or lost during
      somatic development, as revealed by the lack of donor cell mtDNA at birth.

PMID- 18154522
TI  - Regulation of blastocyst stage gene expression and outgrowth interferon tau
      activity of somatic cell clone aggregates.
AB  - The inefficiency of mammalian somatic cell cloning is associated with abnormal
      gene expression presumably caused by errors in reprogramming of the transplanted
      genome. In the mouse, aggregation of four-cell stage clones leads to an
      improvement of both gene expression and development. To determine whether clone
      clone aggregation at postgenomic activation stages influences gene expression in
      bovine clones, we profiled, in single and aggregated embryos at the blastocyst
      stage, expression of developmentally relevant genes namely Oct4, Dnmt1, Dnmt3,
      Glut1, Glut3, and a housekeeping gene, Poly(A) polymerase (PolyA) by real-time RT
      PCR. Compared to embryos generated by in vitro fertilization (IVF), individual
      clones more frequently exhibited transcript levels that were more than twofold
      higher or lower than the average value of IVF embryos. This was observed less
      often in clone aggregates for Oct4, Dnmt1, Dnmt3, and PolyA, but not for Glut1
      and Glut3. The analysis of interferon tau bioactivity as a marker of
      trophectoderm function in blastocyst outgrowths showed that both single clones
      and clone aggregates have less extraembryonic potential in vitro compared to IVF
      embryos, with no apparent consequence of aggregation. These findings indicate
      that aggregation of bovine clones with each other at later cleavage stages can
      change gene expression patterns at preimplantation stages, but does not rescue
      trophectoderm function in vitro.

PMID- 18154523
TI  - Living with ESBLs. Introduction.

PMID- 18154524
TI  - Defining an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase.
AB  - The term 'extended-spectrum beta-lactamase' (ESBL), initially 'extended-broad
      spectrum beta-lactamase', was first coined for derivatives of TEM and SHV enzymes
      able to hydrolyse oxyimino-cephalosporins. These all belonged to beta-lactamase
      functional group 2be. Subsequently, the term has been stretched to include: (i)
      enzymes with spectra similar to those of TEM and SHV mutants but derived from
      other sources, e.g., the CTX-M and VEB types; (ii) TEM and SHV mutants with
      borderline ESBL activity, e.g., TEM-12; and (iii) various beta-lactamases
      conferring wider resistance than their parent types but not meeting the
      definition for group 2be, e.g., OXA derivatives and mutant AmpC types with
      increased activity against cefepime. It seems best-and pragmatic-that the term
      'ESBL' retains its broad modern usage, but that should always be accompanied by
      mention of the enzyme's family as, e.g., in 'TEM ESBL' or 'OXA ESBL', not as a
      sole moniker.

PMID- 18154525
TI  - Evolution of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases by mutation.
AB  - Antimicrobial resistance genes in pathogenic bacteria belong to the most rapidly
      evolving DNA sequences, which results in an enormous structural diversity of
      resistance effectors. Structural modifications of resistance genes by mutation
      and recombination, together with a multitude of events that stimulate their
      mobility and expression, allow microorganisms to survive in environments
      saturated with antimicrobial agents of various types and generations. Genes
      coding for beta-lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria are a fascinating example of
      this multifocal and multidirectional evolution, with the extended-spectrum beta
      lactamases (ESBLs) being one of the most spectacular 'achievements'. Some of the
      ESBLs known today are 'ready-to-use' enzymes in their natural producers but these
      are often of low pathogenic potential, or none at all. The problem appears upon
      mobilisation of a gene encoding such an ESBL, and its acquisition and sufficient
      expression by a more virulent organism. Many ESBLs are generated by mutations in
      genes coding for broad-spectrum enzymes, which have been mobile since at least
      the 1960s and which have disseminated very widely in populations of pathogenic
      bacteria. Strong selection pressure exerted by antimicrobial use, especially with
      newer-generation beta-lactam antibiotics, efficiently promotes these two modes of
      ESBL emergence and subsequent spread. It also stimulates further evolution of
      ESBLs by accumulation of other mutations with an astonishing variety of effects
      on beta-lactamase structure and activity. Remarkably, more than 300 natural ESBL
      variants have been identified since the mid-1980s but in-vitro studies suggest
      that ESBL evolution has certainly not come to an end; they may also help in
      predicting future developments. The aim of this review is to briefly overview the
      role of various mutations in ESBL evolution.

PMID- 18154526
TI  - The spread of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AB  - CTX-M-type enzymes are a group of class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamases
      (ESBLs) that are rapidly spreading among Enterobacteriaceae worldwide. More that
      50 allotypes are known, clustered into six sub-lineages. The CTX-M-encoding genes
      have been captured from the chromosome of Kluyvera spp. on conjugative plasmids
      that mediate their dissemination among pathogenic enterobacteria. CTX-M-type
      ESBLs exhibit powerful activity against cefotaxime and ceftriaxone but generally
      not against ceftazidime, which has important implications for laboratory
      detection. However, several CTX-M variants with enhanced ceftazidimase activity
      have been detected. The rapid and massive spread of CTX-M-type ESBLs is rapidly
      changing the ESBL epidemiology and, in some geographical areas, these enzymes are
      now the most prevalent ESBLs in Enterobacteriaceae.

PMID- 18154527
TI  - Minor extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AB  - Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are usually plasmid-mediated enzymes
      that confer resistance to a broad range of beta-lactams. Initially, resistance to
      third-generation cephalosporins in Gram-negative rods was mainly due to the
      dissemination of TEM- and SHV-type ESBLs, which are point mutants of the classic
      TEM and SHV enzymes with extended substrate specificity. During the last ten
      years, CTX-M-type ESBLs have become increasingly predominant, but less frequent
      class A beta-lactamases have also been described, including SFO, BES, BEL, TLA,
      GES, PER and VEB types. While several of these latter are rarely identified, or
      are very localised, others are becoming locally prevalent, or are increasingly
      isolated worldwide. In addition, mutations can extend the spectrum of some OXA
      type beta-lactamases to include expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, and several of
      these enzymes are considered to be ESBLs.

PMID- 18154528
TI  - IRT and CMT beta-lactamases and inhibitor resistance.
AB  - Acquired resistance to penicillin-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations in
      Escherichia coli is due to: (i) penicillinase hyperproduction due to the presence
      of the bla(TEM-1) gene in small multicopy plasmids or strong promoters; (ii)
      overproduction of constitutive AmpC cephalosporinase; and (iii) OXA-type and
      inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) beta-lactamases. IRT enzymes emerge via mutational
      events from TEM-1 or TEM-2 beta-lactamases that affect substrate affinity for
      beta-lactamase inhibitors. They are mainly isolated in urinary infections from
      community patients. Prevalence is variable, depending on geographical area,
      detection methods and potential selection pressure. These enzymes may evolve into
      complex mutants (CMT enzymes), which also confer resistance to extended-spectrum
      cephalosporins. CTX-M enzymes with the IRT phenotype have not been detected to
      date. New studies of IRT enzymes, including population structure, association
      with virulence traits and plasmid dispersion, are needed.

PMID- 18154529
TI  - Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: structure and kinetic mechanism.
AB  - Recent years have seen an explosion in the numbers of extented spectrum class A
      beta-lactamases (ESBLs). The steady-state kinetic parameters for hydrolysis of
      beta-lactams by ESBLs is discussed in the light of what is known about the
      structure of these mutant enzymes.

PMID- 18154530
TI  - Genetic support of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
AB  - Genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) have been reported in a
      variety of Gram-negative species, mostly in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. They are mostly either TEM or SHV
      derivatives, CTX-M-like enzymes--now emerging worldwide--or, less frequently,
      VEB, GES, and PER ESBLs. The mechanisms responsible for their acquisition are
      very diverse, and mostly are related to insertion sequences (ISs), transposons,
      class 1 integrons, and also sul1-type integrons containing the ISCR1 element.
      This diversity of genetic vehicles at the origin of these
      mobilisation/acquisition processes enhances the spread of ESBLs.

PMID- 18154531
TI  - Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and the permeability barrier.
AB  - The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria represents a barrier for penetration
      of hydrophilic compounds. Loss of porins (water-filled protein channels)
      contributes to antimicrobial resistance, particularly when additional mechanisms
      of resistance are expressed. Many studies on the structure and regulation of
      porins in Escherichia coli K-12 are available, but there is little information
      concerning clinical isolates of this species. In Klebsiella pneumoniae, two major
      porins, OmpK35 and OmpK36, are produced, but many extended-spectrum beta
      lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae isolates do not express OmpK35. Loss of
      both OmpK35 and OmpK36 in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae causes resistance to
      cefoxitin, increased resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, and
      decreased susceptibility to carbapenems, particularly ertapenem. Porin loss also
      decreases the susceptibility to other non-beta-lactam compounds, such as
      fluoroquinolones, of ESBL-producing organisms.

PMID- 18154532
TI  - Phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in
      Enterobacteriaceae: review and bench guide.
AB  - Strains of Enterobacteriaceae producing an extended spectrum beta-lactamase have
      become a concern in medical bacteriology as regards both antimicrobial treatment
      and infection control in hospitals. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)
      detection tests should accurately discriminate between bacteria producing these
      enzymes and those with other mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactams, e.g.,
      broad-spectrum beta-lactamases, inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamases and
      cephalosporinase overproduction. Several phenotypic detection tests, based on the
      synergy between a third-generation cephalosporin and clavulanate, have been
      designed: the double-disk synergy test (DDST), ESBL Etests, and the combination
      disk method. These tests often need to be refined in order for them to detect an
      ESBL in some bacterial strains, such as those that also overproduce a
      cephalosporinase. The sensitivity of the DDST can be improved by reducing the
      distance between the disks of cephalosporins and clavulanate. The use of
      cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin that is less rapidly inactivated by
      cephalosporinase than by ESBL, improves the detection of synergy with clavulanate
      when there is simultaneous stable hyperproduction of a cephalosporinase;
      alternatively, the cephalosporinase can be inactivated by performing phenotypic
      tests on a cloxacillin-containing agar. Some beta-lactamases can hydrolyse both
      third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems, such as the metallo-beta
      lactamases, which are not inhibited by clavulanate, but rather by EDTA. The
      production of an ESBL masked by a metallo-beta-lactamase can be detected by means
      of double inhibition by EDTA and clavulanate. Since extended-spectrum Ambler
      class D oxacillinases are weakly inhibited by clavulanate and not inhibited by
      EDTA, their detection is difficult in the routine laboratory.

PMID- 18154533
TI  - Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in ambulatory care: a clinical perspective.
AB  - Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms are emerging as a
      cause of infection in outpatients in many areas of the world. Most of these
      involve urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli harbouring CTX-M
      types of ESBLs. Risk-factors for such infections include older age and previous
      use of quinolones and cephalosporins. Oral alternatives for such infections are
      limited. These organisms may also cause some community-acquired life-threatening
      infections, such as bacteraemic urinary tract or intra-abdominal infections.
      Patients with these infections are at increased probability of receiving
      inappropriate empirical treatment. More studies addressing the risk-factors and
      therapeutic options for these infections are needed.

PMID- 18154534
TI  - Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in long-term-care facilities.
AB  - Although the first reports on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
      isolates in long-term-care facilities (LTCFs) appeared 10 years ago, there are
      still scanty data on this topic. A long-term survey starting in 1993 by the
      microbial laboratories of the Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris and covering
      21,000 beds, 7000 of them in LTCFs, indicated that the incidence of ESBL
      producing isolates/1000 hospitalisation days in LTCFs increased from 0.07 in 1996
      to 0.28 in 2005. Escherichia coli accounted for 80% of ESBL-positive isolates in
      2005, whereas it accounted for <45% in 2001. This rise in E. coli with ESBLs
      reflected clonal spread, as found elsewhere, with CTX-M types now the predominant
      enzyme types.

PMID- 18154535
TI  - Animal reservoirs for extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers.
AB  - Food-producing animals are the primary reservoir of zoonotic pathogens, and the
      detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers among Escherichia
      coli and Salmonella strains has increased in recent years. ESBLs are widely
      detected in various human medical institutions but they are not so frequently
      reported in the bacterial population circulating in animals. This could indicate
      that these enzymes are less prevalent in animals than in humans, but also that
      they have not been extensively sought. The increasing occurrence of ESBL
      producers in animals is highlighted and discussed in this review with respect to
      the circulation of these resistance traits also among human pathogens.

PMID- 18154536
TI  - Control of infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms
      in hospitals and the community.
AB  - Control of infection classically involves hand and healthcare hygiene, reduction
      of selective and ineffective chemotherapy, reduction of invasive procedures and
      achlorhydria and adequate staffing, along with appropriate containment and
      concentration of patients. Investigation and control of any continuing sources of
      infection in food and water supplies is important also, as is recognition of
      individuals carrying high-risk strains and species. The onset of infection may be
      distant from the time of acquisition and may critically affect epidemiological
      assessment of control points. Carriage may be prolonged, increasing the
      likelihood of recurrent infection and exacerbating the difficulty of control.
      Mortality associated with resistance is difficult to assess retrospectively and
      may not be high, complicating analysis of the success or failure of control
      measures.

PMID- 18154537
TI  - Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in North America, 1987-2006.
AB  - Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) derived from the TEM-1 beta-lactamase
      were first identified in the USA in outbreak strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae in
      the middle to late 1980s, together with the SHV-5 ESBL. The TEM-10, TEM-12 and
      TEM-26 enzymes have remained in US hospitals, but have been joined by other ESBLs
      that are variants of the SHV-1 broad-spectrum beta-lactamase. In the most recent
      surveys from hospitals in the eastern part of the USA, the most prominent ESBLs
      have been the SHV-7 and SHV-12 enzymes. In Canada, a wider variety of ESBLs has
      been identified, with multiple members of the TEM, SHV and CTX-M classes being
      represented in surveillance isolates. SHV-type and CTX-M ESBLs have appeared in
      many Canadian isolates, with an outbreak of CTX-M-14-related enzymes from
      Calgary, but limited TEM-derived ESBLs. Surprisingly, few CTX-M ESBLs have yet
      been reported in the USA, in contrast to the rest of the world, where the CTX-M
      enzymes have become a predominant ESBL family.

PMID- 18154538
TI  - Prevalence and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing
      Enterobacteriaceae in Europe.
AB  - Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) represent a major threat among
      resistant bacterial isolates. The first types described were derivatives of the
      TEM-1, TEM-2 and SHV-1 enzymes during the 1980s in Europe, mainly in Klebsiella
      pneumoniae associated with nosocomial outbreaks. Nowadays, they are mostly found
      among Escherichia coli isolates in community-acquired infections, with an
      increasing occurrence of CTX-M enzymes. The prevalence of ESBLs in Europe is
      higher than in the USA but lower than in Asia and South America. However,
      important differences among European countries have been observed. Spread of
      mobile genetic elements, mainly epidemic plasmids, and the dispersion of specific
      clones have been responsible for the increase in ESBL-producing isolates, such as
      those with TEM-4, TEM-24, TEM-52, SHV-12, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-3, CTX-M-15
      and CTX-M-32 enzymes.

PMID- 18154539
TI  - Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in South America.
AB  - In South American countries, the class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamases
      (ESBLs) so far recognised belong to the CTX-M, Pseudomonas Extended Resistance
      (PER), SHV and TEM families. ESBL rates in South America are among the highest in
      the world, probably due to multiple factors. SHV- and TEM-type ESBLs have been
      frequently encountered, but CTX-M is endemic and widely dominant. PER-type ESBLs
      seem to be restricted to the southern 'cone' of South America. Community-acquired
      ESBLs are starting to appear.

PMID- 18154540
TI  - Prevalence and clonality of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Asia.
AB  - Asia is almost certainly a part of the world in which extended-spectrum beta
      lactamases (ESBLs) have emerged de novo, with some early antimicrobial resistance
      studies showing high levels of the ESBL phenotype, particularly among Klebsiella,
      and most notably in China, Korea, Japan and India. There is a lack of genotyping
      studies but work from the late 1990s suggests that SHV-5 and SHV-12 were most
      common then, with only very rare reports of TEM-related ESBL genes. As in other
      parts of the world, quite marked differences have since been seen in the pattern
      of ESBL genes, particularly in relation to the CTX-M family. The early emergence
      of TOHO CTX-M-2 in Japan contrasted with CTX-M-3 and -14 in China and many other
      parts of the Far East, suggesting the separate transfer of genes from the genome
      of Kluyvera spp. to mobile genetic elements in human-associated
      Enterobacteriaceae. ESBL production rates are now very high compared with Europe.
      In most countries, there are mixtures of CTX-M types, with VEB appearing
      significantly in Vietnam and Thailand, and ESBL isolates from India being
      completely dominated by the presence of bla(CTX-M-15) alone, with no other CTX-M
      types reported. With the total population of India and China being c. 2.4 billion
      and with faecal carriage rates of, probably, c. 10%, these countries represent
      major reservoirs of bla(CTX-M) genes. Increasing international travel and trade
      will lead to the movement of many of these ESBL genes. The high prevalence of
      ESBL genes in Asia means that the empirical treatment of serious infections with
      beta-lactam antibiotics, except carbapenems, is seriously compromised.

PMID- 18154541
TI  - Breakpoints for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriacae:
      pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic considerations.
AB  - An understanding of antibacterial pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is
      central to setting clinical breakpoints. It is important to understand any impact
      that a resistance mechanism may have on these basic drug properties. With
      extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains of Enterobacteriacae,
      it is known that MIC, and hence T>MIC, for beta-lactams predicts outcome.
      Therefore, pharmacodynamic modelling can be used to set breakpoints for ESBL
      producing bacteria with beta-lactams.

PMID- 18154542
TI  - Breakpoints for intravenously used cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae--EUCAST
      and CLSI breakpoints.
AB  - It has long been acknowledged that the cephalosporin breakpoints used in most
      European countries and the USA fail to detect many or most extended spectrum beta
      lactamases (ESBLs) in Enterobacteriaceae and that all ESBLs are clinically
      significant. Therefore, microbiological laboratories have undertaken not only
      regular cephalosporin susceptibility tests based on breakpoints, but also special
      tests to detect all ESBLs. An increasing accumulation of clinical data implies
      that the clinical success of third generation cephalosporin therapy is related
      more to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) than to the presence or
      absence of an ESBL. However, the breakpoints must be lower than those previously
      recommended by many breakpoint committees. In Europe, this adjustment has been
      achieved by EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing)
      through the ongoing process of harmonising European breakpoints. In the USA, the
      CLSI recently voted to adopt similar guidelines but are waiting to implement
      these while revising other beta-lactam breakpoints. As Enterobacteriaceae are
      becoming increasingly resistant, a less 'diehard' interpretation of the
      relationship among MICs, ESBLs and clinical outcome may provide therapeutic
      alternatives in difficult situations.

PMID- 18154543
TI  - Parenteral carbapenems.
AB  - Among the many different structurally distinct classes of beta-lactams, the
      carbapenem class is regarded as that which is most potent and which has the
      widest spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Rapidly bactericidal, and
      demonstrating time-dependent killing, carbapenemes have a spectrum of
      antimicrobial activity that includes Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic and
      anaerobic pathogens. Their in-vitro activity includes extended-spectrum beta
      lactamase (ESBL)-producing pathogens and carbapenems are currently considered to
      be the treatment of choice for serious infections due to ESBL-producing
      organisms. However, isolates acquiring resistance under treatment have been
      reported. Imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem are licensed in the European
      Community and panipenem and biapenem are also available in Japan and South Korea.
      Other carbapenemes are under development.

PMID- 18154544
TI  - Antibiotic policy and prescribing strategies for therapy of extended-spectrum
      beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: the role of piperacillin-tazobactam.
AB  - Therapy of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
      bacteria with an antimicrobial to which they are resistant results in treatment
      failure, higher cost and increased mortality. The CLSI recommends reporting ESBL
      producing strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp. as
      resistant to all penicillin, true cephalosporin and monobactam antimicrobials,
      but as susceptible to beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations,
      including piperacillin-tazobactam, when they test as such. Current literature
      supports the action of piperacillin-tazobactam against susceptible strains of
      ESBL-producing bacteria based on the structure-activity relationship between
      inhibitors and the ESBLs, as well as on recent clinical outcome studies.

PMID- 18154545
TI  - Sulbactam-containing beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations.
AB  - Sulbactam irreversibly inhibits the hydrolytic activity of beta-lactamases. This
      compound is commercially available in combination with either ampicillin or
      cefoperazone. In each instance, the activity of the partner antibiotic against
      beta-lactamase-producing bacteria is restored. One of the particular advantages
      of using sulbactam-containing combinations is that sulbactam itself has inherent
      activity against some Acinetobacter baumannii. Sulbactam combinations have not
      demonstrated strong selective pressures for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
      producing Enterobacteriaceae and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. In contrast to
      clavulanate, sulbactam does not induce class I (Ampc) chromosomal beta-lactamases
      in Enterobacteriaceae.

PMID- 18154546
TI  - Orthodox and unorthodox clavulanate combinations against extended-spectrum beta
      lactamase producers.
AB  - Clavulanate is a highly effective inhibitor of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases
      (ESBLs) in detection tests, but the commercial amoxycillin-clavulanate and
      ticarcillin-clavulanate combinations have borderline activity, at best, against
      most ESBL producers. Oxyimino-cephalosporin-clavulanate combinations are active
      in vitro against most ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.
      isolates at < or =1-2 mg/L but are compromised against Enterobacter spp., whether
      ESBL-producing or not, where clavulanate-induced AmpC enzymes attack the
      cephalosporin. These problems can be overcome by combining clavulanate with
      cefepime or cefpirome, which are more stable to AmpC. The resulting combinations
      are active in vitro at < or =1 mg/L against virtually all ESBL-producing
      Enterobacteriaceae, including Enterobacter spp. AmpC-inducible organisms, such as
      Enterobacter, are less of a concern in the community, where ESBL-producing E.
      coli strains present growing problems, and where new oral treatments would be
      useful. Cefpodoxime-clavulanate is not ideal, in terms of pharmacological
      matching, but might be fit for purpose, certainly in comparison with fosfomycin
      and nitrofurantoin, which are used at present but which are suitable only for
      lower urinary tract infections. Clinical development of clavulanate with
      cefepime, cefpirome or cefpodoxime does not seem likely in the West, considering
      ownership and patent issues. Cefpisome-tazobactum is, however, being launched in
      India, where the licensing regime is more liberal. Combinations of clavulanate
      with modern anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cephalosporins also
      deserve investigation, as these compounds remain labile to ESBLs.

PMID- 18154547
TI  - beta-Lactams without a suicide inhibitor.
AB  - Existing clinical studies concerning the impact of therapy with third-generation
      cephalosporins or cefepime on infections caused by extended-spectrum beta
      lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are retrospective, non-randomised,
      and have been carried out with a small number of patients and low-dosage
      schedules that lack PK-PD correlations with clinical efficacy. Rates of clinical
      failure and mortality are higher than those in studies with non-ESBL- producing
      Enterobacteriaceae. Therefore, in settings with a high prevalence of ESBL
      producing Enterobacteriaceae, empirical therapy with advanced cephalosporins
      should be avoided. Temocillin, an old beta-lactam that is stable in the presence
      of both ESBLs and AmpC beta-lactamases, seems to deserve revival, although
      clinical data are limited.

PMID- 18154548
TI  - Other antimicrobials of interest in the era of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases:
      fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and tigecycline.
AB  - The progressive increase of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) -producing
      enteric bacteria in recent years has called for a re-evaluation of current
      antibiotic therapy for these infections. The activity and potential use of two
      old antimicrobials, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin, and the new compound
      tigecycline for treatment of infections due to ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae,
      with special emphasis on E. coli, are reviewed. Fosfomycin continues to be active
      against the most common uropathogens; in a recent survey from Spain, among the
      428 ESBL-producing isolates, the resistance rate of E. coli to fosfomycin was
      0.3%, whereas the resistance rate of K. pneumoniae was 7.2%. Other recent
      surveys, from other parts of the world, confirm the activity of fosfomycin
      against ESBL-producing E. coli. The rate of resistance to nitrofurantoin in
      recent surveys in the USA and Canada was 1.1% among 1142 isolates of E. coli from
      outpatient urinary isolates. However, among 115 clinical isolates of E. coli ESBL
      producers, only 71.3% were sensitive to nitrofurantoin. Also, E. coli resistance
      to nitrofurantoin has been reported to be high in a recent survey in Latin
      American hospitals and in Italy. Tigecycline is a glycylcycline that circumvents
      efflux and ribosomal protection, the two most frequent genetic mechanisms of
      tetracycline resistance. The recent activity of tigecycline against 285
      nonclonally related isolates expressing well-characterised ESBLs from hospital
      settings and the community reveal susceptibility rates for tigecycline of 97.5%.
      Because responses to nitrofurantoin may be less satisfactory and may require
      longer courses of therapy, nitrofurantoin is considered to be an alternative,
      rather than a first-line, therapeutic agent for this clinical syndrome.
      Fosfomycin trometamol is a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of
      cystitis and asymptomatic UTI during pregnancy, and has become, in many
      countries, the first choice for treatment of any type of cystitis. Finally, for
      treatment of systemic infections in the hospital setting, tigecycline could be an
      option that would reduce selection for ESBL-producing organisms.

PMID- 18154550
TI  - Patterns of genotype distribution in multiple human papillomavirus infections.
AB  - The relationship between severe-grade cervical lesions and clusters of human
      papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in a taxonomic classification was surveyed in 232
      women with previous abnormal cytology. HPV co-infections were clustered according
      to phylogenetic criteria. Multiple infections were detected in 22.0% of the
      entire sample. Clade A10 (represented by HPV-6 and HPV-11) appeared more
      frequently in multiple infections than clade A9, which was represented by five of
      the most common high-risk types, including HPV-16. Although HPV-16 was the most
      frequent genotype, it was not more prevalent in multiple infections. Abortion and
      two or more sexual partners were risk-factors associated with HPV co-infections.
      Severe cervical dysplasia was associated with co-infections with oncogenic types
      from different clades, with the association being significant for the high-risk
      clades A7 and A9.

PMID- 18154551
TI  - Patients with multiple contact allergies: a review.
AB  - Patients with multiple contact allergies, also referred to as polysensitized, are
      more frequent than predicted from prevalence of single sensitivities. The
      understanding of why some people develop multiple contact allergies, and
      characterization of patients with multiple contact allergies is limited. This
      review presents the current knowledge on the topic and discusses the evidence and
      characteristics of an increased susceptibility factor, possible causes to and
      genetic markers for the increased susceptibility, composition of the patient
      group and identification of patients at risk of developing multiple contact
      allergies. Evidence of allergen clusters among polysensitized individuals is also
      reviewed. The literature supports the idea that patients with multiple contact
      allergies constitute a special entity within the field of contact allergy. There
      is no generally accepted definition of patients with multiple contact allergies.
      We suggest that contact allergy to 3 or more allergens are defined as multiple
      contact allergies.

PMID- 18154552
TI  - Autoxidation of linalyl acetate, the main component of lavender oil, creates
      potent contact allergens.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Fragrances are among the most common causes of allergic contact
      dermatitis. We have in previous studies shown that linalool, present in lavender
      oil, autoxidizes on air exposure, forming allergenic oxidation products. Oxidized
      linalool was found to be a frequent cause of contact allergy in a patch test
      study on consecutive dermatitis patients. Linalyl acetate, the main component of
      lavender oil is commonly used as a fragrance chemical in scented products.
      Because of structural similarities, linalyl acetate should also be susceptible to
      oxidation on air exposure, forming similar oxidation products as linalool.
      OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the autoxidation of
      linalyl acetate and the influence of oxidation on its sensitizing potency.
      METHODS: Analyses were performed using gas chromatography, nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectrometry and mass spectrometry. Sensitizing potencies of compounds
      were determined using the local lymph node assay (LLNA) in mice. RESULTS:
      Analyses showed that the content of linalyl acetate decreased over time on air
      exposure and other compounds were formed. Hydroperoxides, an epoxide and an
      alcohol were identified as oxidation products from linalyl acetate. In the LLNA,
      linalyl acetate of high purity showed a weak sensitizing potency (EC3 25%).
      Autoxidation increased the sensitizing potency of linalyl acetate, and a 10 weeks
      oxidized sample gave an EC3 value of 3.6%. As for linalool, the hydroperoxides
      were shown to be the oxidation products with the highest sensitizing potency.
      CONCLUSION: It is concluded that autoxidation of the weakly allergenic linalyl
      acetate leads to formation of allergenic oxidation products.

PMID- 18154553
TI  - Cosmetics and herbal remedies with Compositae plant extracts - are they tolerated
      by Compositae-allergic patients?
AB  - BACKGROUND: Compositae-sensitive patients are routinely warned against topical
      use of Compositae-containing cosmetics and herbal remedies. However, the risk of
      elicitation of dermatitis in presensitized persons is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The
      main aim of this study was to assess the significance of direct plant allergen
      contact via Compositae-derived cosmetics and herbal remedies in Compositae
      allergic patients with special reference to arnica (Arnica montana) and German
      chamomile (Chamomilla recutita). METHODS: 8 of 12 chamomile-sensitive patients
      tested positive to chamomile-containing preparations, including tea, creams,
      ointments, and oil. 5 of 6 arnica-sensitive persons tested positive to arnica
      based products. RESULTS: When the group was patch tested with cosmetic and/or
      herbal product ingredients, plant allergens elicited positive reactions most
      frequently, but fragrances, emulsifiers, and preservatives tested positive as
      well. Plant allergens were mainly derived from Compositae, but avocado oil, and
      Hamamelis virginiana tincture were unexpectedly detected as sensitizers too.
      Chemical analyses indicated that the Compositae allergens were both sesquiterpene
      lactones and other naturally occurring compounds. CONCLUSION: In conclusion,
      Compositae-allergic persons should be warned against topical use of Compositae
      containing products, not only because of the plant allergens, but also because of
      allergenic cream constituents that may cause reactions in the group of patients
      who have multiple contact allergies beside the Compositae allergy.

PMID- 18154554
TI  - A study of the sensitization rate to cocamidopropyl betaine in patients patch
      tested in a university hospital of Beijing.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The prevalence of sensitization to cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) in
      China has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: This study is to evaluate the prevalence
      of CAPB sensitization in patients patch tested in Peking University Third
      Hospital, Beijing. METHODS: 429 consecutive patients with suspected allergic
      contact dermatitis were patch tested with CAPB 1.0% aqueous, 3
      dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) 1.0% aqueous as well as a modified European
      standard series of allergens from June 2005 to August 2006. RESULTS: 42 patients
      (9.8%) had a positive reaction to CAPB. 25 of them (59.5%) were considered
      relevant. Of those, 7 were head and/or neck dermatitis, 4 hand dermatitis, 1
      cheilitis, and the other 13 patients were widespread dermatitis. 10 out of 429
      (2.3%) patients reacted to DMAPA. Of those, 8 were relevant and 6 of them also
      reacted to CAPB. CONCLUSION: The rate of CAPB sensitization in our study is
      higher than previously reported elsewhere. CAPB is a common cosmetic allergen in
      Beijing. Both CAPB and DMAPA should be tested in patients with suspected cosmetic
      dermatitis.

PMID- 18154555
TI  - The reaction index and positivity ratio revisited.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Assessing the quality of patch test preparations
      continues to be a challenge. 2 parameters, the reaction index (RI) and positivity
      ratio (PR), have been proposed as quality indicators by the Information Network
      of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK). The value of these statistics has not been
      examined by others. METHODS: We calculated the RI and PR for the 24 TRUE test
      allergens in 7635 patients with consecutive eczema tested at the Department of
      Dermatology, Odense University Hospital over a 15-year period, and data for 7
      selected standard allergens were compared with corresponding data from the
      original IVDK papers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: At our patch test laboratory, RI's
      are lower, even negative, and the PR's are considerably lower than the IVDK
      results. The most likely explanation is a difference in reading/scoring tradition
      between the different departments of the IVDK and our department. Calculation of
      RI's and PR's for patch test allergens is of limited value as a measure of
      quality of the patch test materials, because it predominantly reflects
      differences in scoring and reading of patch test reactions. Further, questionable
      reactions (+?) may be clinically relevant and very important for the individual
      patient. Focus on standardization of patch test materials, patch test technique,
      and reading of patch test reactions is mandatory.

PMID- 18154556
TI  - Contact sensitivity in patients with venous leg ulcers in Serbia: comparison with
      contact dermatitis patients and relationship to ulcer duration.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Contact hypersensitivity is a common occurrence in patients with
      chronic venous leg ulcers (CVLU) with allergen profiles depending upon the local
      treatment policies. OBJECTIVE: This study was to determine the frequency of
      contact sensitivity, prevalence of individual allergens, polyvalent
      sensitization, and/or their relationship to ulcers duration in the population of
      CVLU and contact dermatitis patients in Serbia. PATIENTS: 75 patients with CVLU
      and 82 patients with clinically suspected contact dermatitis were prospectively
      included in the study. The patients were patch tested with a series of 21
      standard and 22 supplemental allergens. RESULTS: 73% (n = 55) of CVLU and 52% (n
      = 43) of control subjects had 1 or more positive patch test results (P < 0.01).
      Polysensitization was found in 53% of patients and 21% of controls (P < 0.01).
      CVLU patients run 2.5 and 4.3 higher risk for contact sensitization and
      polysensitization, respectively. The most common allergens were Balsam of Peru
      (21.3%), carba mix (18.7%), fusidic acid (17.3%), colophony (13.3%), paraben mix
      (12%), chloramphenicol (12%), silver nitrate (12%), and neomycin (10.7%).
      Polivalent sensitization and higher mean number of allergens were associated with
      ulcer duration >5 years. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm a high rate of contact
      (poly)sensitization in patients with CVLU and local variability in allergen
      prevalence.

PMID- 18154557
TI  - The profile of patch test reactions to common contact allergens is related to
      sex.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Women are more often patch tested than men, and the reactivity to
      patch test allergens is dependent on sex. However, it is unclear whether the
      profiles of test reactions are also sex-related. OBJECTIVE: To compare the
      profiles of patch test reactions of men and women. METHODS: Sex-related reaction
      profiles of 16 common patch test allergens were analysed based on data of 47 626
      patients filed by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology in
      Germany. The proportions of weak positive reactions and of questionable and
      irritant reactions were evaluated by calculating the positivity ratio (PR) and
      the reaction index (RI) separately for men and women for each allergen. RESULTS:
      Of the 16 allergens evaluated, 8 had a higher PR and a higher RI in women than in
      men. 4 allergens had a lower PR and another 4 had a lower RI in women than in
      men. For allergens with similar sensitization prevalence in men and women, female
      sex was associated with a higher PR and RI (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There is a
      marginal disparity in the reactivity of men and women to patch test allergens
      that is probably not of clinical relevance but constitutes a scientific
      challenge.

PMID- 18154558
TI  - Sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na2[PdCl4]) as an improved test salt for palladium
      allergy patch testing.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In the last decades, palladium is widely used in dentistry. Allergic
      reactions to palladium are rarely diagnosed with patch testing, even when
      positive results would be expected. Palladium tends to cross-react with nickel,
      which should give rise to more positive reactions to palladium dichloride
      (standard test salt). OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to test whether or not
      mono-nuclear sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na(2)[PdCl(4)]) in petrolatum is a
      better test salt for diagnosing palladium allergy. Positive reactions to the
      investigated test salt are compared not only with PdCl(2(aq.)), but also to
      NiSO(4(aq.)) and NiSO(4(pet.)). PATIENTS/METHODS: Concentration series of
      Na(2)[PdCl(4)] were carried out. 164 consecutive patients were patch tested.
      RESULTS: 3% of Na(2)[PdCl(4)]((pet.)) was found to be the highest non-irritative
      concentration. The results show (n = 164) that Na(2)[PdCl(4)] covers all
      reactions to PdCl(2) (1.8%) and provokes more positive reactions (14%). From the
      164 patients, 18.3% reacted positively to at least 1 of the nickel salts.
      CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of patch testing with Na(2)[PdCl(4)] is increased
      compared with the PdCl(2) salt. Therefore, it can be concluded that
      Na(2)[PdCl(4)] is to be a better test salt for diagnosing palladium allergy with
      patch testing.

PMID- 18154559
TI  - Positive rates to propyl gallate on patch testing: a change in trend.
AB  - Propyl gallate (E310) has, until recently, been used as a major antioxidant in
      fatty food and, in the cosmetic industry, in the manufacture of lipsticks. Propyl
      gallate has a high sensitizing potential; however, the frequency of allergic
      contact dermatitis from antioxidants of the gallate type was previously thought
      to be surprisingly low. Previous exposure and orally induced tolerance, as
      suggested by Khan and colleagues, may have explained the low rates of allergic
      contact dermatitis to propyl gallate in the past. The objectives were to assess
      the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis to propyl gallate in our centre
      from 1988 to 2005. From 1988 to 2005, 9529 patients were patch tested to the face
      series, 6973 were females and 2556 were males. Patch tests were read at 2 D and 4
      D. Positive reactions were scored as per International Contact Dermatitis
      Research Group recommendations as negative, +, ++, and +++ reactions. Propyl
      gallate was used at a 1% petrolatum (pet.). A total of 55 patients had positive
      reactions to propyl gallate 1% pet. (0.57%), 46 were female (0.65%) and 9 were
      male (0.33%). Using chi-square, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in
      the positivity rates between the 1988-96 period (0.45%) and the 1997-2005 period
      (0.77%). A review of our face series performed in the last 18 years has shown a
      statistically significant increase in propyl gallate-positive rates on patch
      testing over the last decade. An increase in its use in the cosmetic industry may
      well be the explanation for this. Nevertheless, a concomitant reduction of propyl
      gallate as an antioxidant in food, with oral tolerance being less likely to
      develop, may also be a contributing factor in the increasing trend of allergic
      contact dermatitis caused by propyl gallate.

PMID- 18154560
TI  - Frictional hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis responding to Grenz ray therapy.
AB  - Frictional hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis (FHHD) is an unusual form of chronic
      eczema relating to repeated frictional trauma. This form of hand eczema is often
      occupationally related and recalcitrant to therapy. We describe the case of FHHD
      in a 48-year-old dermatologic surgeon. The eruption was resistant to all topical
      and protective modalities, but responded completely to 6 sessions of Grenz ray
      treatment. No recurrence has been noted for over 4 years since completion of
      therapy. We suggest that Grenz ray treatment is a safe and effective option in
      treating this form of chronic hand dermatitis.

PMID- 18154561
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter (stinkwort).

PMID- 18154562
TI  - Paraben allergic contact dermatitis in a patient with livedo reticularis.

PMID- 18154563
TI  - Idiopathic post-traumatic dermatitis at the site of recent joint replacement.
AB  - Idiopathic dermatitis over the site of previous trauma is a recognized but
      infrequently reported phenomenon that provides a diagnostic dilemma. Careful
      investigation is needed in order to exclude other rare and/or treatable causes.

PMID- 18154564
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis caused by cinchocaine.

PMID- 18154565
TI  - Professional's and non-professional's papular urticaria caused by Scleroderma
      domesticum.

PMID- 18154566
TI  - Photocontact dermatitis because of oral dexketoprofen.

PMID- 18154567
TI  - Cross-reactivity between methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone,
      methylisothiazolinone, and other isothiazolinones in workers at a plant producing
      binders for paints and glues.

PMID- 18154568
TI  - Work-related contact urticaria to Cannabis sativa.

PMID- 18154569
TI  - Patch test results in a Turkish paediatric population.
AB  - Allergic contact dermatitis is increasing in childhood. In children, population
      based patch test studies point to different contact sensitizers and reflect the
      variations in the exposure to certain allergens among different countries. Our
      aim is to show common contact allergens in a paediatric population in Turkey.
      Contact dermatitis and identifying the suspected allergen in children are
      important as sensitization occurring during childhood may cause a susceptibility
      to the contact dermatitis later in their life.

PMID- 18154570
TI  - Erythema multiforme-like eruption because of para-phenylenediamine.

PMID- 18154571
TI  - Natural history of potentially malignant oral lesions and conditions: an overview
      of the literature.
AB  - At a workshop coordinated by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer and Pre
      cancer in the UK issues related to potentially malignant disorders of the oral
      cavity were discussed by an expert group. The consensus views of the Working
      Group are presented in a series of papers. In this report we review the
      literature on the epidemiology and natural history of potentially malignant
      disorders (PMD), detailing those characteristics of the patients and lesions
      thought to be associated with future development of oral squamous cell carcinoma
      (OSCC). Older patients, particularly females are more at risk than younger
      patients; the duration of PMD may be important. Those who have never used tobacco
      seem at greater risk than smokers. OSCC is more likely with PMD on the lateral
      and ventral tongue, floor of mouth and retromolar/soft palate complex than with
      those elsewhere. The vast majority of PMD in which OSCC develop are non
      homogenous although 5% of homogenous PMD will develop carcinoma. Large lesions
      covering several intraoral subsites also appear more at risk.

PMID- 18154572
TI  - Oral and pharyngeal cancer mortality rates in Mexico, 1979-2003.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In Mexico, information on oral and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) is scarce.
      The purpose of this study was to explore the trends in OPC mortality rates in
      Mexico from 1979 through 2003 and to describe the distribution of OPC deaths for
      selected socio-demographic variables for the period of 2001-2003. MATERIAL AND
      METHODS: Annual crude and age-adjusted mortality rates were obtained by gender
      and site of lesion, using the 2003 WHO World standard million population. The
      Poisson regression model was used to detect a trend in the mortality rates,
      testing the hypothesis beta(1) = 0. Also, the annual percentage change (APC) was
      computed over the age-adjusted rates. RESULTS: The total number of OPC deaths
      during the period 1979-2003 was 15,576. The age-adjusted mortality rate was
      1.13/100,000 in 1979 and 1.08/100,000 in 2003. Oral cancer was more frequently
      found than salivary gland and pharyngeal cancer (41.5% vs. 13.4% and 17.1%). The
      tongue (19%) was the most frequent oral affected site. The Poisson regression
      analysis indicated a stationary trend in cancer mortality rate; also, the APC
      regression model showed no increase or decrease in OPC from 1979 to 2003.
      CONCLUSIONS: Oral and pharyngeal cancer mortality rates in Mexico were low
      compared to most countries, and remained stable in the past two decades.

PMID- 18154573
TI  - Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha is significantly associated with
      the progression and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas in Taiwan.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) has
      been found to be significantly associated with the tumor invasion, lymph node
      metastasis, clinical stage, and prognosis of a variety of human cancers. METHODS:
      This study examined the expression of HIF-1 alpha in 57 specimens of oral
      squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), 41 specimens of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED,
      12 mild, 17 moderate, and 12 severe OED cases), and 14 specimens of normal oral
      mucosa (NOM) by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: We found that the mean nuclear HIF
      1 alpha labeling indices (LIs) increased significantly from NOM (9 +/- 6%)
      through mild OED (25 +/- 18%), moderate OED (41 +/- 27%), and severe OED (42 +/-
      22%) to OSCC samples (55 +/- 23%, P < 0.001). A significant correlation was found
      between the higher mean nuclear HIF-1 alpha LI and OSCCs with larger tumor size
      (P < 0.001), regional lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), or more advanced
      clinical stages (P < 0.001). Only larger tumor size (P = 0.002) and nuclear HIF-1
      alpha LI >or= 60% (P = 0.048) were identified as independent unfavorable
      prognosis factor by multivariate analyses with Cox regression model. Kaplan-Meier
      curve showed that OSCC patients with a nuclear HIF-1 alpha LI >or= 60% had a
      significantly poorer cumulative survival than those with a nuclear HIF-1 alpha LI
      < 60% (log-rank test, P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the expression of
      HIF-1 alpha is an early event in oral carcinogenesis. The nuclear HIF-1 alpha LI
      in OSCC samples can predict the progression of OSCCs and the survival of OSCC
      patients.

PMID- 18154574
TI  - One-year follow-up of the effect of fixed orthodontic treatment on colonization
      by oral Candida.
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess quantitative and qualitative alterations in
      the carrier rate of Candida spp. in south-eastern Turkey among adolescents, and
      to investigate the effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on the Candida count in
      a 1-year follow-up study. In the first phase of the study, the oral Candida
      carriage rate of 72 patients was evaluated. Samples were collected from the
      dorsal surface of the tongue, the mid-palate and saliva. In the second phase of
      the study, 42 patients who were determined to be carriers of oral Candida were
      treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, and from these patients a second set
      of samples were collected from the saliva and the orthodontic brace surfaces of
      eight teeth adjacent to the enamel surfaces. The saliva samples were collected
      before and during orthodontic treatment at 1st, 6th and 12th month, and samples
      from the braces were collected during the 1st, 6th and 12th month of treatment.
      Forty-two of the 72 patients (58.5%) were oral Candida carriers. The distribution
      of Candida spp. in these patients was as follows: (i) Candida albicans was
      identified in 31 patients (73.8%), (ii) C. tropicalis, C. krusei and C. kefyr
      were found in three patients each (7.14%) and (iii) C. parapsilosis occurred in
      two patients (4.76%). During orthodontic treatment, the micro-organism count
      increased both in the saliva and on tooth surfaces. The results indicate that the
      prevalence of oral Candida spp. is high in young adults in south-eastern Turkey
      and that the Candida counts increase when braces are involved.

PMID- 18154575
TI  - Influence of altered occlusal plane on rabbit temporomandibular joint cartilage.
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is limited knowledge relating to the influence of mechanical
      stress on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the degree of damage this stress
      can induce in the case of an altered occlusal plane on the extracellular matrix
      cartilage and chondrocytes. The aim of this study was to examine the
      histopathological influence of an altered occlusal plane on rabbit TMJ cartilage.
      METHODS: Fifteen male Japanese white rabbits were used in this study. In 12
      cases, the upper right and lower left teeth were ground to their cervical level
      so that the occlusal plane was tilted right side up. Their temporomandibular
      joints (TMJs) harvested at 3 days, 1, 2 and 4 weeks were analyzed
      immunocytochemically and immunohistochemically. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl
      transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick endlabeling (TUNEL)
      method was used for immunocytochemical study to detect DNA fragmentation in
      chondrocytes. An immunohistochemical study was also performed to evaluate the
      metabolism of type 2 collagen in the extracellular matrix in the TMJ cartilage.
      RESULTS: The number of apoptotic cells increased in all experimental animals.
      More apoptotic cells were observed in the articular eminences than in the
      condyles. The type 2 collagen-positive area in the condyles was reduced at the
      beginning but recovered within 4 weeks, and remained small throughout this
      experimental period in the articular eminences. CONCLUSIONS: These findings
      suggest that histopathological changes occurred in response to alteration of the
      occlusal plane. The influence decreased as the occlusal plane recovered in the
      condyles, but the immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical influence continued
      in the articular eminences.

PMID- 18154576
TI  - Osteomas of the craniofacial region. Review of 106 cases.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Osteoma is a benign osteogenic lesion characterized by the
      proliferation of compact or cancellous bone. Although this tumour has a
      considerable incidence, there are few reports with large samples on this subject.
      OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical features of the osteomas in the
      craniomaxilofacial region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 106
      patients diagnosed with 132 osteomas of the craniomaxilofacial region between
      1986 and 2003. RESULTS: The mean age was 50 years. Osteomas were more frequent in
      men. Forty-nine per cent were of peripheral type, 29% central osteomas and 21%
      were located in the paranasal sinuses. Eighty-nine cases (84%) were operated and
      80 patients were regularly followed up. Out of these, 73 did not recur. The seven
      recurrences were central osteomas. CONCLUSIONS: Osteomas usually appear in
      patients with more than 30-year old. Peripheral type showed the highest incidence
      among these lesions. Central and peripheral osteomas usually do not originate
      clinical symptoms whereas the ones located in paranasal sinuses can provoke
      headache and neuralgia/paresthesia.

PMID- 18154577
TI  - Perivascular myoid tumors of the oral region: a clinicopathologic re-evaluation
      of 35 cases.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Myopericytoma (MPC) is a generic denomination to describe tumors
      showing differentiation toward perivascular myoid cells /myopericytes. It has
      been suggested that MPC forms a morphologic continuum with glomus tumor (GT),
      solitary myofibroma (SMF), and angioleiomyoma (ALM). This proposed relationship
      has not yet been assessed in the oral region. METHODS: We reviewed our 28-year
      experience with 35 oral tumors, originally diagnosed as ALM (n = 28), SMF (n =
      4), GT (n = 2), and MPC (n = 1) to analyze their overlapping microscopic
      features, with the assistance of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Myopericytoma
      showed a wide range of growth patterns; concentric perivascular whorls,
      hemangiopericytomatous areas, glomangiopericytoma (GPC)-type vessels and
      leiomyomatous foci. Intravascular growth was also seen. Among 28 cases studied,
      three ALM were reclassified as MPC (n = 2) and SMF (n = 1), based on the present
      diagnostic criteria. Additional MPC-type components, at varying degrees, were
      similarly found in four ALM and three SMF, at least focally. One GT featured
      intravascular whorls of spindle cells. These four interrelated groups of tumors
      had in common GPC-type vasculature and intraluminal cellular proliferation was
      nearly ubiquitously present. Diffuse immunoreactivity for alpha-smooth muscle
      actin and less staining intensity of muscle-specific actin were observed in all
      tumors. Only ALM displayed desmin positivity of variable extent. Neither case
      tested expressed CD34. CONCLUSIONS: Our data matches with the recent results in
      extraoral sites that MPC, GT, SMF, and ALM exhibit histologic and
      immunohistochemical overlap with each other. A common perivascular myoid
      differentiation between these tumor types is further reinforced by the present
      oral series.

PMID- 18154578
TI  - Dental mutilations and associated alveolar bone pathology in African skulls of
      the anthropological skull collection, Charite, Berlin.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Dental mutilations (DM) were and are still common among people in
      Africa. The purpose of this study was to examine DM in 33 skulls from Cameroon,
      which have been collected around the turn of the 20th century (anthropological
      collection, Berlin Museum of Medical History). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From the
      files of the museum, locations and/or tribal origin were recorded. DM
      classification described by De Almeida was used (1957). RESULTS: DM of the
      inverted V-shaped type was most common (30.3%). Pulp exposure was seen in 10
      cases (30.3%). Periapical ostitis/radicular cysts were seen in nine cases
      (27.3%). General loss of alveolar bone was seen in all cases with a marked loss
      of the maxillary anterior labial alveolar bone plate in six cases (18.2%).
      CONCLUSIONS: DM may result in alveolar bone pathology characterised by
      inflammatory changes such as periapical ostitis or formation of radicular cysts.

PMID- 18154579
TI  - Neck mass with marked squamous metaplasia: a diagnostic pitfall in aspiration
      cytology.
AB  - Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a highly accurate tool for the
      diagnosis of pleomorphic adenomas; however, this common salivary gland neoplasm
      can be diagnostically challenging, causing pitfalls in cytodiagnosis. A 50-year
      old woman suffered from a painless, slowly-growing mass in the right posterior
      upper neck for 5 months. FNAC from this mass revealed many discohesive
      parakeratotic cells and keratin flakes, and a few stromal elements. Under the
      impression of metastatic well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, the tumor
      mass was totally excised. Histology confirmed a pleomorphic adenoma with marked
      squamous metaplasia and frequent keratin pearl formations without the evidence of
      malignancy. Pleomorphic adenoma occasionally reveals focal squamous metaplastic
      changes, when extensive, it may be misdiagnosed as metastatic well-differentiated
      squamous cell carcinoma in FNAC, particularly in the neck region.

PMID- 18154580
TI  - Extension of Pindborg tumor to the maxillary sinus: a case report.
AB  - The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor is a benign epithelial odontogenic
      lesion that accounts for less than 1% of all odontogenic tumors. It is most
      frequently seen in the posterior areas of the mandible. Extension of this lesion
      to the maxillary sinus is extremely rare. In this paper, we report the fourth of
      such cases which has been reported, up to now. This tumor was encased between the
      right maxillary lateral and canine roots with extension to the maxillary sinus.
      Histologically, the tumor is composed of sheets of epithelial cells with
      eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm, intercellular bridges, nuclear pleomorphism, but
      no mitotic figures, amorphous eosinophilic and calcified materials were seen
      within the sheets of epithelial cells.

PMID- 18154581
TI  - Oral solitary myofibroma.

PMID- 18154583
TI  - Genetic enhancement--a threat to human rights?
AB  - Genetic enhancement is the modification of the human genome for the purpose of
      improving capacities or 'adding in' desired characteristics. Although this
      technology is still largely futuristic, debate over the moral issues it raises
      has been significant. George Annas has recently leveled a new attack against
      genetic enhancement, drawing on human rights as his primary weapon. I argue that
      Annas' appeal to human rights ultimately falls flat, and so provides no good
      reason to object to genetic technology. Moreover, this argument is an example of
      the broader problem of appealing to human rights as a panacea for ethical
      problems. Human rights, it is often claimed, are 'trumps': if it can be shown
      that a proposed technology violates human rights, then it must be cast aside. But
      human rights are neither a panacea for ethical problems nor a trump card. If they
      are drafted into the service of an argument, it must be shown that an actual
      human rights violation will occur. Annas' argument against genetic technology
      fails to do just this. I shall conclude that his appeal to human rights adds
      little to the debate over the ethical questions raised by genetic technology.

PMID- 18154584
TI  - Should we prevent non-therapeutic mutilation and extreme body modification?
AB  - In this paper, I discuss several arguments against non-therapeutic mutilation.
      Interventions into bodily integrity, which do not serve a therapeutic purpose and
      are not regarded as aesthetically acceptable by the majority, e.g. tongue
      splitting, branding and flesh stapling, are now practised, but, however, are
      still seen as a kind of 'aberration' that ought not to be allowed. I reject
      several arguments for a possible ban on these body modifications. I find the
      common pathologisation of body modifications, Kant's argument of duties to
      oneself and the objection from irrationality all wanting. In conclusion, I see no
      convincing support for prohibition of voluntary mutilations.

PMID- 18154585
TI  - Proxy consent and counterfactuals.
AB  - When patients are in vegetative states and their lives are maintained by medical
      devices, their surrogates might offer proxy consents on their behalf in order to
      terminate the use of the devices. The so-called 'substituted judgment thesis' has
      been adopted by the courts regularly in order to determine the validity of such
      proxy consents. The thesis purports to evaluate proxy consents by appealing to
      putative counterfactual truths about what the patients would choose, were they to
      be competent. The aim of this paper is to reveal a significant limitation of the
      thesis, which has hitherto been recognised only vaguely and intuitively. By
      appealing to the metaphysics of counterfactuals I explain how the thesis fails to
      determine the validity of proxy consents in a number of actual cases.

PMID- 18154586
TI  - Making a clean break: addiction and Ulysses contracts.
AB  - I examine current models of self-destructive addictive behaviour, and argue that
      there is an important place for Ulysses contracts in coping with addictive
      behaviour that stems from certain problematic preference structures. Given the
      relevant preference structures, interference based on a Ulysses contract need not
      involve questionably favouring an agent's past preferences over her current
      preferences, but can actually be justified in terms of the agent's current
      concerns and commitments.

PMID- 18154587
TI  - Rationalizing vaccine injury compensation.
AB  - Legislation recently adopted by the United States Congress provides producers of
      pandemic vaccines with near-total immunity from civil lawsuits without making
      individuals injured by those vaccines eligible for compensation through the
      Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. The unusual decision not to provide an
      alternative mechanism for compensation is indicative of a broader problem of
      inconsistency in the American approach to vaccine-injury compensation policy.
      Compensation policies have tended to reflect political pressures and economic
      considerations more than any cognizable set of principles. This article
      identifies a set of ethical principles bearing on the circumstances in which
      vaccine injuries should be compensated, both inside and outside public health
      emergencies. A series of possible bases for compensation rules, some grounded in
      utilitarianism and some nonconsequentialist, are discussed and evaluated.
      Principles of fairness and reasonableness are found to constitute the strongest
      bases. An ethically defensible compensation policy grounded in these principles
      would make a compensation fund available to all individuals with severe injuries
      and to individuals with less-severe injuries whenever the vaccination was
      required by law or professional duty.

PMID- 18154588
TI  - Authoritative regulation and the stem cell debate.
AB  - In this paper I argue that liberal democratic communities are justified in
      regulating the activities of their members because of the inevitable existence of
      conflicting conceptions of what is considered as morally right. This will often
      lead to tension and disputes, and in such circumstances, reliance on peaceful or
      orderly co-existence will not normally suffice. In such pluralistic societies,
      the boundary between permissible and impermissible activities will be unclear;
      and this becomes a particular concern in controversial issues which raise
      specific anxieties and uncertainty. One context that has repeatedly raised issues
      in this regard is that of biotechnology and, in particular, the recent stem cell
      debate, on which this paper concentrates. While such developments have the
      potential to make significant improvements to therapeutic progress, we should
      also be sceptical because predicting the impact of these developments remains
      uncertain and complex. For the sake of socio-political stability, it will
      therefore be necessary to enact and enforce rules which limit these competing
      claims in public policy but which may not be compatible with what individual
      moral commitments ideally permit. One way to achieve this is to establish
      procedural frameworks to resolve potential disputes in the public sphere about
      what is right, wrong, or permissible conduct. I argue that for one to commit to
      authoritative regulation, an idea of harm prevention through state intervention
      is necessary; and that this requires optimum mechanisms of procedure which allow
      the individual the opportunity to compromise and yet to continue to oppose or
      fight for changes as demanded by his or her moral position.

PMID- 18154589
TI  - On a Romanian attempt to legislate on medically assisted human reproduction.
AB  - The paper presents and briefly analyses some of the provisions of a Romanian
      legislative proposal which arrived at the Presidency for ratification twice, in
      slightly different forms, and which was rejected twice: the first time at the
      Presidency in October 2004, and the second at the Constitutional Court in July
      2005. The proposal was finally dropped in February 2006. My intention here is to
      point to some of the most problematic deficiencies of the legislative document in
      the hope that this may assist with future debates and regulations on assisted
      reproduction either in Romania or elsewhere. I have isolated the features to be
      discussed under two headings: (1) whose are the rights to reproduce, that the
      document claimed to 'acknowledge, regulate and guarantee' and (2) what is the
      status of the embryo, the child and the surrogate mother?

PMID- 18154590
TI  - International ethical regulations on placebo-use in clinical trials: a
      comparative analysis.
AB  - The ethical aspects of placebo control in clinical trials have been extensively
      and controversially debated in the last decade. However, a thorough analytical
      comparison of the different existing international regulations, their
      terminologies and their ethical principles concerning placebo, is still missing.
      The central issue in the ongoing controversy is the justification of placebo-use,
      if proven treatment exists. All present versions of the examined guidelines
      propose such justifications, but each guideline differs from the others in
      relevant details. Therefore the conditions justifying placebo-use according to
      each guideline are the focus of our attention. We will first propose a formalized
      general principle that defines the ethical acceptability of placebo-use. Then we
      will analyse three categories of conditions put forward by the different
      documents: the risk of harm or burden, compelling scientific reasons, and the
      availability of proven treatment. The analysis shows important normative
      discrepancies and contradictions between the examined guidelines. Especially
      striking is the fact that some guidelines allow the participants in clinical
      trials to be exposed to a risk of serious harm, while others do not. Finally, we
      try to show how the normative difference of each guideline could influence the
      decision of researchers or IRBs concerning the ethical acceptability of placebo
      use.

PMID- 18154591
TI  - Clinical relevance of oxidative stress in male factor infertility: an update.
AB  - Male factor has been considered a major contributory factor to infertility. Along
      with the conventional causes for male infertility such as varicocele,
      cryptorchidism, infections, obstructive lesions, cystic fibrosis, trauma, and
      tumors, a new, yet important cause has been identified: oxidative stress.
      Oxidative stress (OS) is a result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen
      species (ROS) and antioxidants in the body, which can lead to sperm damage,
      deformity and eventually male infertility. This involves peroxidative damage to
      sperm membrane and DNA fragmentation at both nuclear and mitochondrial levels. OS
      has been implicated as the major etiological factor leading to sperm DNA damage.
      OS-induced DNA damage can lead to abnormalities in the offspring including
      childhood cancer and achondroplasia. In this article, we discuss the need of ROS
      in normal sperm physiology, the mechanism of production of ROS and its
      pathophysiology in relation to male reproductive system. The benefits of
      incorporating antioxidants in clinical and experimental settings have been
      enumerated. We also highlight the emerging concept of utilizing OS as a method of
      contraception and the potential problems associated with it.

PMID- 18154592
TI  - Immune physiology of the mammalian ovary - a review.
AB  - The immune system, besides orchestrating the immune response, plays an important
      role in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. We refer to this later activity as
      'immune physiology.' In human ovaries, immune system-related cells and molecules
      accompany corpus luteum development and regression and cancer progression. They
      also accompany the origination of new rat and human germ cells by asymmetric
      division of ovarian surface epithelium cells, symmetric division and migration of
      germ cells, and follicular growth. Currently prevailing dogma on the preservation
      of human oocytes from the fetal period until menopause ('storage' doctrine) vs.
      oocyte renewal in invertebrates and lower vertebrates ('continued formation'
      doctrine) raises question as to the disadvantage from an evolutionary point of
      view of prolonged oocyte storage in humans. We attempted to reconcile these two
      opposing views by proposing the prime reproductive period (PRP) doctrine as
      follows: The 'storage' doctrine fits two periods of the life in human females,
      that between the termination of fetal oogenesis and puberty or pre-menarcheal
      period (about 10-12 years), and also that period from the end of PRP (at about 38
      years of age) until menopause. On the contrary, the 'continued formation'
      doctrine accounts for oocyte and follicular renewal during the PRP, and insures
      the availability of fresh oocytes for the development of healthy progeny. Further
      study on 'immune physiology' may help us better understand ovarian physiology and
      pathology in general, including infertility caused by premature ovarian failure,
      the pathophysiology of degenerative diseases and mechanisms of malignancy and
      metastasis.

PMID- 18154593
TI  - Antimicrobial polypeptides are key anti-HIV-1 effector molecules of
      cervicovaginal host defense.
AB  - Mucosal surfaces of the cervix and vagina are portals for heterosexual
      transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and, therefore, play
      a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of primary infection. Cationic
      antimicrobial polypeptides including defensins are the principal effector
      molecules of mucosal innate immunity against microbes and viruses such as HIV. In
      cervicovaginal secretions, antimicrobial polypeptides constitute the majority of
      the intrinsic anti-HIV-1 activity, synergism between cationic polypeptides is
      complex, and full anti-HIV-1 activity involves the complete complement of
      cationic polypeptides. Periods in which cationic antimicrobial polypeptide
      expression is reduced are likely associated with increased susceptibility to HIV
      1 infection. This review provides an overview of the role of cationic
      antimicrobial polypeptides in innate cervicovaginal anti-HIV-1 host defense, and
      discusses how hormones and bacterial infections can regulate their expression.
      Emphasis is placed on the theta-defensin (retrocyclin) class of anti-HIV-1
      peptides and their potential for development as topical microbicides to prevent
      HIV-1 transmission.

PMID- 18154594
TI  - The role of toll-like receptor ligands/agonists in protection against genital HSV
      2 infection.
AB  - Control of virus replication initially depends on rapid activation of the innate
      immune responses. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are potent inducers of innate
      immunity against viral infections, including herpes simplex virus (HSV). HSV-2 is
      currently one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in developed
      nations and is becoming more prevalent in adolescents. HSV-2 infects the genital
      mucosa and is associated with an increased risk of obtaining other sexually
      transmitted infections such as HIV. There is currently no vaccine available
      against HSV-2. In the last several years, there has been an interest in utilizing
      Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands to initiate innate immune responses in order to
      provide an early line of defence against viral replication. This review
      highlights recent studies investigating the effect of various TLR ligands on
      genital HSV-2 infection. A considerable body of information has been published on
      the effect of local delivery of TLR ligands on HSV-2 replication in genital
      mucosa. We have outlined ligands that have a potential to provide protection
      against HSV-2 infection. In addition, we have presented possible mechanisms by
      which the local delivery of TLR ligands provides innate protection against
      genital HSV-2.

PMID- 18154595
TI  - Mucosal innate immunity as a determinant of HIV susceptibility.
AB  - Most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is acquired during sex, across a mucosal
      membrane. Despite many advances in our understanding of HIV pathogenesis, the
      initial events during mucosal transmission have been poorly characterized, and a
      better understanding of these events will probably be a key to the development of
      successful microbicide(s) and/or a preventative HIV vaccine. While a vast
      majority of mucosal HIV exposures do not result in productive infection, implying
      that innate mucosal immune defenses are highly protective, failure of these
      mucosal defenses resulted in over 3 million new HIV infections in 2006. We review
      recent findings regarding HIV mucosal immunopathogenesis, emphasizing the
      importance of innate immunity in natural protection from infection, and examine
      how natural or induced perturbations in the mucosal innate system may underpin
      HIV transmission. Given the great challenges to the development of HIV
      microbicides and vaccines, identification and enhancement of 'natural' innate
      immune defenses present attractive avenues for development of safe, non-toxic
      microbicides.

PMID- 18154596
TI  - Patterns of infiltration of lymphocytes into the testis under normal and
      pathological conditions in mice.
AB  - The testis is known as an immunologically privileged organ. In particular, the
      blood-testis barrier formed by Sertoli cells protects auto-immunogenic spermatids
      from attack by the self-immune system. We review here the micro-status of
      testicular tissues in mice from the viewpoint of induction of inflammatory cell
      responses. Many studies have demonstrated that the testis is the most resistant
      to various forms of non-autoimmune inflammation among the male reproductive
      organs. However, it was found that testicular inflammation of autoimmune origin
      is inducible by immunization with testis antigens even without an adjuvant in
      mice. In particular, the tubuli recti (TR) comprises specific region, where
      lymphocytes are attracted. Many antigen-presenting macrophages preferentially
      accumulate around the TR under normal conditions. This characteristic
      accumulation of macrophages is an acquired phenomenon that is completed when
      spermatids start to differentiate in the seminiferous tubules (S). In addition,
      intra-tubular lymphocytes that are very close to both germ cells and their
      remnants could be occasionally found in the TR, rete testis (R), epididymis (E),
      but not in the S, in normal mice. Although the physiological function of these
      penetrating lymphocytes remains unknown, we suppose that this micro-status
      provides a chance for evocation of autoimmune inflammation of the TR, R and E in
      some pathological conditions.

PMID- 18154597
TI  - Harnessing the immune system for ovarian cancer therapy.
AB  - The clinical course of ovarian cancer is often marked by periods of relapse and
      remission until chemo-resistance develops. Patients in remission with minimal
      disease burdens are ideally suited for the evaluation of immune-based strategies.
      Major obstacles to the development of successful immune strategies include the
      identification of tumor-restricted immunogenic targets, generation of a
      sufficient immune response to cause tumor rejection, and approaches to overcome
      evasion of immune attack. Many questions remain as optimal strategies are
      developed, which include: (i) What is the best antigen form (e.g. peptides,
      proteins or tumor lysates)? (ii) What are the appropriate adjuvants? (iii) Are
      mono-valent or multi-valent vaccines likely to be more effective? (iv) What is
      the optimal frequency and duration of vaccination? (v) How should antigen
      specific responses be monitored? and (vi) How should the anti-cancer response be
      maintained? In this review, we explore representative examples of immune
      strategies under investigation for patients with ovarian carcinoma which
      illustrate many of these issues. Basic principles generic to all these
      immunotherapeutic approaches will also be discussed.

PMID- 18154598
TI  - Supporting the hypothesis of pregnancy as a tumor: survivin is upregulated in
      normal pregnant mice and participates in human trophoblast proliferation.
AB  - PROBLEM: Survivin, a tumor-promoting antiapoptotic molecule, is expressed in the
      human placenta. Here, we analyzed its expression during normal and pathological
      murine pregnancy and investigated its participation in human first trimester
      trophoblast cell survival and proliferation. METHOD OF STUDY: We first analyzed
      the expression of survivin on the mRNA and protein level at the fetal-maternal
      interface of normal pregnant (CBA/J x BALB/c) and abortion-prone (CBA/J x DBA/2J)
      mice at different pregnancy stages by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. We also
      evaluated apoptosis in murine trophoblasts in both mating combinations by TUNEL
      technique. Functional studies were carried out by knockdown survivin by means of
      siRNA methodology in two human first trimester trophoblast cell lines [Swan.71
      (Sw.71) and HTR8 (H8)]. RESULTS: We observed a peak in mRNA levels on day 5 and a
      peak of protein levels on day 8 of pregnancy in both combinations. The level of
      survivin in animals from the abortion-prone group was decreased compared with
      normal pregnant mice on day 8, which was accompanied by elevated apoptosis rates.
      In later pregnancy stages (days 10 and 14), survivin levels decreased to levels
      comparable to those observed right after fecundation in both groups. Transfection
      of human first trimester cell lines (H8 and Sw.71) with siRNA targeting the
      survivin gene led to a 76-82% reduction of its expression leading to reduced
      trophoblast cell viability and proliferation. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest an
      important role of survivin to promote trophoblast cell survival and proliferation
      during placentation, thus maintaining pregnancy. The pregnancy-associated
      expression of a cancer molecule such as survivin supports the 'pseudo-malignancy'
      hypothesis of pregnancy. Our data may contribute to the better understanding of
      trophoblast cell development during implantation and placentation.

PMID- 18154599
TI  - The good and the bad news: surgery vs. drug therapy.

PMID- 18154600
TI  - Insulin resistance: central and peripheral mechanisms. The 2007 Stock Conference
      Report.
AB  - Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and in the brain are fundamental to the
      development of obesity and its associated type 2 diabetes. Multiple mechanisms
      contribute to the development of insulin resistance. The 2007 Stock Conference
      focused on the role of fatty acids and other lipid signals in initiating insulin
      resistance and the consequences of central insulin resistance to the regulation
      of energy balance and peripheral metabolism.

PMID- 18154601
TI  - Childhood obesity: are we missing the big picture?
AB  - Childhood obesity is increasing worldwide, raising alarm about future trends of
      cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. This article discusses what may
      underlie our failure to respond effectively to the obesity epidemic, and presents
      a wider perspective for future research and public health agendas. So far
      targeting individual-level determinants and clinical aspects of childhood obesity
      has produced limited success. There is growing interest in understanding the
      wider determinants of obesity such as the built environment (e.g. walkability),
      social interactions, food marketing and prices, but much needs to be learned.
      Particularly, we need to identify distal modifiable factors with multiple
      potential that would make them attractive for people and policymakers alike. For
      example, walking-biking-friendly cities can reduce obesity as well as energy
      consumption, air pollution and traffic delays. Such agenda needs to be driven by
      strong evidence from research involving multi-level influences on behaviour, as
      well as the study of wider politico-economic trends affecting people's choices.
      This article highlights available evidence and arguments for research and policy
      needed to curb the obesity epidemic. The upstream approach underlying these
      arguments aims to make healthy choices not only the most rational, but also the
      most feasible and affordable.

PMID- 18154602
TI  - Effects of resistance training on metabolic fitness in children and adolescents:
      a systematic review.
AB  - The majority of resistance training (RT) research with children to date has
      focused on pre-adolescents and the safety and efficacy of this type of training
      rather than the potential metabolic health benefits. Our objectives, using
      computerized databases, were (i) to systematically review studies utilizing RT
      interventions with children and adolescents <18 years; (ii) to investigate the
      metabolic health outcomes (adiposity, lipids, insulin, glucose) associated with
      RT; (iii) to provide recommendations for future investigations. A total of 12
      studies met the review criteria. There is only a small amount of evidence that
      children and adolescents may derive metabolic health-related adaptations from
      supervised RT. However, methodological limitations within the body of this
      literature make it difficult to determine the optimal RT prescription for
      metabolic fitness in children and adolescents, and the extent and duration of
      such benefits. More robustly designed single modality randomized controlled
      trials utilizing standardized reporting and precise outcome assessments are
      required to determine the extent of health outcomes attributable solely to RT and
      to enable the development of evidence-based obesity prevention and treatment
      strategies in this cohort.

PMID- 18154603
TI  - School physical activity interventions: do not forget about obesity bias.
AB  - Obesity bias is the tendency to negatively judge an overweight or obese
      individual based on assumed and/or false character traits, such as being
      physically unattractive, incompetent, lazy and lacking self-discipline. Obesity
      biases, such as teasing or weight criticism during physical activity (PA), can be
      psychologically or emotionally damaging for overweight children and adolescents.
      Ultimately, the effects students experience over time may create a psychological
      barrier and students can become resistant to schools' health and PA interventions
      that promote lifestyle changes. Fortunately, the psychological effects of obesity
      bias are mediated by social buffers and coping mechanisms. Several PA-related
      researchers have proposed strategic intervention components, but no studies have
      been completed in PA settings. The purpose of this review was to discuss the
      nature and different types of obesity bias in PA settings. Major theoretical
      frameworks of the aetiology and change mechanisms of obesity biases from the
      psychological literature were reviewed and direct applications for strategic
      component interventions were made for PA settings. Because of the pervasiveness
      and entrenchment of obesity bias, it is obvious that multiple theoretical
      frameworks need to be considered and even combined to create safe and caring
      school PA environments for students.

PMID- 18154604
TI  - All choices are not equal; effects of context on point-of-choice prompts for
      stair climbing.

PMID- 18154606
TI  - Aulus Cornelius Celsus and his pre-modern patho-physiologic notions on obesity
      associated morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 18154607
TI  - Challenges in studies on resistance training and obesity.

PMID- 18154610
TI  - Special regulatory T cell review: How I became a T suppressor/regulatory cell
      maven.
AB  - I have briefly reviewed the factors that motivated me to change my views about
      the existence and importance of suppressor/regulatory T cells and to devote the
      majority of my laboratory efforts to this newly revitalized area of immunologic
      research. I am optimistic that manipulation of regulatory T-cell function will
      shortly be applicable to the clinic.

PMID- 18154611
TI  - Special regulatory T-cell review: Regulatory T cells and the intestinal tract-
      patrolling the frontier.
AB  - Tolerance to self and harmless antigens is one of the central features of the
      immune system, and it is obtained through a combination of multiple mechanisms.
      Discriminating between pathogens and non-pathogenic antigens is especially
      important in the intestine, which constitutes the main contact surface between
      the body and the outside environment. Recently, the role of Foxp3+ regulatory T
      cells (Treg) in the establishment and maintenance of tolerance has been the focus
      of numerous studies. In this review, we briefly discuss the historical background
      leading to the identification of Foxp3+ Treg and give an overview of their role
      in controlling systemic and mucosal immune responses.

PMID- 18154612
TI  - Special regulatory T cell review: The suppression problem!
AB  - The concept of T-cell mediated suppression evolved more than 30 years ago. At
      that time it spawned many claims that have not stood the test of time. The
      rediscovery of suppression phenomena and regulatory T cells over the past 15
      years created schizophrenic responses amongst immunologists. Some claimed that
      the new proponents of suppression were, once again, bringing immunology into
      disrepute, whilst others have embraced the field with great enthusiasm and novel
      approaches to clarification. Without faithful repetition of the "old"
      experiments, it is difficult to establish what was right and what was wrong.
      Nevertheless, immunologists must now accept that a good number of the old claims
      were overstated, and reflected poor scientific discipline. "I speak not to
      disprove what Brutus spoke, But here I am to speak what I do know" Shakespeare.
      Julius Caesar Act 3, Scene 2.

PMID- 18154613
TI  - Special regulatory T-cell review: Regulation of immune responses--examining the
      role of T cells.
AB  - The history of regulatory T cells goes back to the realisation that T cells could
      provide 'help' for antibody responses: the obverse of this is their ability to
      hold them in check. This brief personal overview follows the initial designation
      of T cells as 'suppressor' and the various hypotheses, some now disproved, put
      forward for their mechanism of action. We now cautiously label them T regulatory
      cells, but realise they do not control not all immune regulation. They probably
      operate through several mechanisms, and some of these are discussed.

PMID- 18154614
TI  - Special regulatory T-cell review: FOXP3 biochemistry in regulatory T cells--how
      diverse signals regulate suppression.
AB  - FOXP3 is an acetylated and phosphorylated protein active in human regulatory T
      cells and forms oligomers which then associate with an even larger molecular
      complex. FOXP3 actively regulates transcription by recruiting enzymatic co
      repressors and/or co-activators. FOXP3 complex ensembles are dynamically
      regulated by physiological stimuli such as T-cell receptor, IL-2 and
      proinflammation cytokine signals. Understanding the post-translational
      modifications of FOXP3 regulated by diverse signals and the biochemistry and
      structural chemistry of enzymatic proteins in the FOXP3 complex is critical for
      therapeutically modulating regulatory T cell function.

PMID- 18154615
TI  - Special regulatory T-cell review: A rose by any other name: from suppressor T
      cells to Tregs, approbation to unbridled enthusiasm.
AB  - In the early 1970s a spate of papers by research groups around the world provided
      evidence for a negative regulatory role of thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells).
      In 1971, Gershon and Kondo published a seminal paper in Immunology entitled
      'Infectious Immunological Tolerance' indicating that such negative regulation
      could be a dominant effect that prevented otherwise 'helpful' T cells from
      mediating their function. Over the next decade, suppressor T cells, as these
      negative regulatory cells became known, were intensively investigated and a
      complex set of interacting cells and soluble factors were described as mediators
      in this process of immune regulation. In the early 1980s, however, biochemical
      and molecular experiments raised questions about the interpretation of the
      earlier studies, and within a few years, the term 'suppressor T cell' had all but
      disappeared from prominence and research on this phenomenon was held in poor
      esteem. While this was happening, new studies appeared suggesting that a subset
      of T cells played a critical role in preventing autoimmunity. These T cells,
      eventually dubbed 'regulatory T cells', have become a major focus of modern
      cellular immunological investigation, with a predominance that perhaps eclipses
      even that seen in the earlier period of suppressor T cell ascendancy. This brief
      review summarizes the rise and fall of 'suppressorology' and the possibility that
      Tregs are a modern rediscovery of suppressor T cells made convincing by more
      robust models for their study and better reagents for their identification and
      analysis.

PMID- 18154616
TI  - Special regulatory T-cell review: Suppressors regulated but unsuppressed.
AB  - The rise-and-fall and reincarnation of suppressor T cells is reviewed from the
      perspective of a participant in the field.

PMID- 18154617
TI  - Special regulatory T-cell review: T-cell dependent suppression revisited.
AB  - The concept of T-cell dependent regulation of immune responses has been a central
      tenet of immunological thinking since the delineation of the two cell system in
      the 1960s. Indeed T-cell dependent suppression was discovered before MHC
      restriction. When reviewing the data from the original wave of suppression, it is
      intriguing to reflect not just on the decline and fall of suppressor T cells in
      the 1980s, but on their equally dramatic return to respectability over the past
      decade. Hopefully their resurgence will be supported by solid mechanistic data
      that will underpin their central place in our current and future understanding of
      the immune system. Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in
      front of them Volley'd and thunder'd Storm'd at with shot and shell, Boldly they
      rode and well, Into the jaws of Death, Into the mouth of Hell, Rode the six
      hundred (suppressionists). (Adapted from The Charge of the Light Brigade, Alfred,
      Lord Tennyson)

PMID- 18154618
TI  - Special regulatory T cell review: The resurgence of the concept of
      contrasuppression in immunoregulation.
AB  - The original concept of contrasuppression (CS) is evident in many
      immunoregulatory mechanisms. Inhibition of suppressor activity--CS--may be
      critical in microbial infection and autoimmunity. The major cellular interactions
      involved in suppression are the CD25+ FoxP3+ CD4+ T regulatory cells, programmed
      death-1 (PD-1) : PD-L1/L2 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) : CD80/86
      pathways. These cellular functions are affected by dendritic cells (DC) and a
      complex array of cytokines of which interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, IL-6 and
      transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) are especially significant. Inhibition
      of regulatory cells, suppressor pathways or cytokines, is consistent with CS and
      can be attributed to IL-6, IL-2, PD-1 or PD-L-1 antibodies, blockade of CTLA-4 :
      CD80/86 pathway, inhibition of CD40-CD40L pathways, and TGF-beta, IL-10
      antibodies. Contrasuppression may regulate innate immunity by Toll-like receptor
      expressed not only in non-cognate DC, monocytes, natural killer cells and
      gammadelta T cells but also in adaptive T cells. Furthermore, cross-talk between
      innate and adaptive immunity may be facilitated by contrasuppressor activity.
      ''What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as
      sweet.'' From Romeo and Juliet (II, 47-8) W. Shakespeare.

PMID- 18154619
TI  - Different regulation of T helper 1- and T helper 2-promoting cytokine signalling
      factors in human dendritic cells after exposure to protein versus contact
      allergens.
AB  - Cytokine-dependent T helper 1 (Th1) differentiation versus T helper 2 (Th2)
      differentiation is controlled by distinct transcription factors. Previously, we
      have demonstrated that immature human dendritic cells (DC) from blood donors with
      allergies show rapid phosphorylation of the Th2-associated signal transducer and
      activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) upon contact with protein allergens. In the
      present study we investigated whether this process is regulated by the downstream
      molecules suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) and/or by the factors T-bet
      and GATA3. Therefore, immature DC of grass or birch pollen-allergic donors were
      treated with the respective Th2-promoting protein allergens, and, for comparison,
      with the Th1-promoting contact allergen 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazolinone plus 2
      methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) or with the antigen tetanus toxoid. Changes in the
      mRNA levels of SOCS1, SOCS3, T-bet and GATA3 were analysed by quantitative real
      time polymerase chain reaction. Exposure of DC to protein allergens led to the up
      regulation of the Th2-associated genes SOCS3 and GATA3, whereas the contact
      allergen MCI/MI preferentially enhanced the expression of the Th1-associated gene
      T-bet. Treatment of immature DC with the antigen tetanus toxoid increased both
      Th1- and Th2-associated genes. Our data indicate that polarization of type 1
      versus type 2 immune responses takes place already at the level of antigen
      presenting cells, involving molecules similar to those used in T-cell
      polarization.

PMID- 18154621
TI  - Guest Editorial: are diabetes-related wounds and amputations worse than cancer?

PMID- 18154620
TI  - Fine specificity of natural killer T cells against GD3 ganglioside and
      identification of GM3 as an inhibitory natural killer T-cell ligand.
AB  - GD3, a ganglioside expressed on melanoma, is the only tumour-associated
      glycolipid described to date that can induce a CD1d-restricted natural killer T
      (NKT)-cell response. We analysed the fine specificity of GD3-reactive NKT cells
      and discovered that immunization with GD3 induced two populations of GD3-reactive
      NKT cells. One population was CD4+ CD8- and was specific for GD3; the other
      population was CD4- CD8- and cross-reacted with GM3 in a CD1d-restricted manner,
      but did not cross-react with GM2, GD2, or lactosylceramide. This indicated that
      the T-cell receptors reacting with GD3 recognize glucose-galactose linked to at
      least one N-acetyl-neuraminic acid but will not accommodate a terminal N
      acetylgalactosamine. Immunization with GM2, GM3, GD2, or lactosylceramide did not
      induce an NKT-cell response. Coimmunization of GM3-loaded antigen-presenting
      cells (APCs) with GD3-loaded APCs suppressed the NKT-cell response to GD3 in a
      CD1d-restricted manner. This suppressive effect was specific for GM3 and was a
      local effect lasting 2-4 days. In vitro, GM3-loaded APCs also suppressed the
      interleukin-4 response, but not the interferon-gamma response, of NKT cells to
      alpha-galactosylceramide. However, there was no effect on the T helper type 2
      responses of conventional T cells. We found that this suppression was not
      mediated by soluble factors. We hypothesize that GM3 induces changes to the APC
      that lead to suppression of T helper type 2-like NKT-cell responses.

PMID- 18154622
TI  - Guest Editorial: time and place-shifting the physical examination: technologies
      are converging to allow more detailed evaluations of the foot and wound.

PMID- 18154623
TI  - Update from the Diabetic Foot Global Conference (DFCon) 2007.

PMID- 18154624
TI  - Knowledge and practice of foot care in Iranian people with type 2 diabetes.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and practice of foot care in
      people with type 2 diabetes. We carried out a cross-sectional study. A
      questionnaire was completed by 148 patients with type 2 diabetes in Tehran, Iran.
      Knowledge score was calculated and the current practice was determined. The mean
      knowledge score was 6.6 (standard deviation +/-3.0) out of a possible 16.
      Illiterate patients were the least knowledgeable (P= 0.008). Lack of adequate
      knowledge includes the following: 56% not aware of the effect of smoking on the
      circulation to the feet, 60% failed to inspect their feet and 42% did not know to
      trim their toenails. High risk practices including use of irritants to water
      (66.5%) and walking barefoot (62%). The results of this study highlight the
      patients' inadequate knowledge of self-care about their foot and lack of optimal
      podiatry service in Iran. These findings have implications for further
      evaluation, planning and management of patient care in diabetic foot disease.

PMID- 18154625
TI  - Diabetic foot infections in the elderly: primary amputation versus 'foot-sparing
      surgery'. A case report.
AB  - Renal failure diabetic patients who present with lower extremity gangrene
      represent one of the most difficult problems encountered in a typical vascular
      practice. We report the hospital course and management of a 74-year-old male
      patient with such comorbidities, affected by a non healing ulcer that progressed
      into a large plantar abscess. Our case unfortunately mirrors a common method of
      evaluation and therapy of patients with such comorbidities and sets up the stage
      for a very controversial subject.

PMID- 18154633
TI  - Spirituality and nursing: a reductionist approach.
AB  - The vast majority of contributions to the literature on spirituality in nursing
      make extravagant claims about transcendence, eternity, the numinous, higher
      powers, higher levels of existence, invisible forces, cosmic unity, the essence
      of humanity, or other supernatural concepts. Typically, these assertions are made
      without the support of argument or evidence; and, as a consequence, alternative
      ways of theorizing 'spirituality' have been closed off, while the lack of
      consistent scholarship has turned the topic into a metaphysical backwater. In
      this paper, I adopt a different premise, rejecting unsupported claims, and
      surveying the 'spirituality' terrain from a naturalistic and reductionist
      perspective. I argue that, if we rid ourselves of non-naturalistic assumptions,
      we will discover theoretical and clinical resources in health psychology, social
      psychology, neuropsychology, and pharmacopsychology - resources which confirm
      that it is possible to conceptualize the study of existential concerns, and how
      health professionals might respond to them, in a properly scientific manner. In
      order to illustrate the potential usefulness of these resources, I will take
      palliative care as an example.

PMID- 18154634
TI  - Increasingly distant from life: problem setting in the organization of home care.
AB  - The analysis undertaken in this paper explores the significance of a central
      finding from a recent field study of home care case management practice: a
      notable feature of case management work is the preparation of an orderly, ordered
      space where care may be offered. However, out of their encounters with an almost
      endless variety of situations, out of people's diverse narratives of need, case
      managers seem able to pick out only limited range of recognized needs to which to
      respond and demonstrate a series of responses themselves equally limited. Though
      this observation suggests a kind of efficiency that is currently highly valued
      within healthcare systems, it also underlines the system's inability to engage
      difference and variability in a meaningful way. This inability or limitation in
      effectively engaging difference is conceptualized here as, in some sense, a
      problem, and the nature of this problem is explored through the rhetorical
      process of problem setting. The central question becomes how might we develop and
      deploy an orderly and coherent system of care without essentializing people's
      experiences, without treating these experiences reductively, without, in a
      Foucaultian frame of reference, allowing what can be understood as similarity or
      resemblance among clients and situations to be folded back into sameness? As we
      encounter complexity, variability and difference in practice, how should we treat
      it?

PMID- 18154635
TI  - Mixed method nursing studies: a critical realist critique.
AB  - Mixed method study designs are becoming increasingly popular among nurse
      researchers. Mixed studies can have advantages over single method or
      methodological investigative designs. However, these advantages may be squandered
      where researchers fail to think through and justify their theoretic decisions.
      This paper argues that nurse researchers do not always pay sufficient heed to the
      philosophic and theoretic elements of research design and, in consequence, some
      mixed study reports lack argumentative coherence and validity. It is here
      suggested that Hempel's concept of equivalence can be stretched to usefully
      illustrate one of the main threats to argumentative coherence in mixed study
      design. The critical realist theory of Roy Bhaskar is then introduced and this,
      it is proposed, offers one means by which Hempel's equivalence dilemma can be
      overcome. Critical realists recognize the existence of logical connections
      between the ontological, epistemological, and methodological premises that
      underpin their work. They are therefore more likely to produce coherent studies
      than uncritical pragmatists who ignore such linkages and, paradoxically, critical
      realists can be epistemological pluralists because, in re-conceptualizing the
      ontological basis of inquiry, problems associated with the mixing of alternative
      metaphysics are circumvented.

PMID- 18154636
TI  - On different types of dignity in nursing care: a critique of Nordenfelt.
AB  - Dignity appears to be an important concept in nursing philosophy and more widely
      in health care policy and provision. Recent events in the UK have generated much
      interest in the subject. However, there appears to be some confusion about the
      precise meaning and application of the concept. An influential contribution to
      the debate has come from Nordenfelt, who, as part of a European project
      investigating dignity and the care of older people, has proposed a four-part
      typology of dignity. In this article, we will explore some of the background to
      the dignity debate in UK nursing and health care, give a brief overview of
      Nordenfelt's position, offer some criticisms of his work and propose some
      modifications to his view.

PMID- 18154637
TI  - Beleaguered by technology: care in technologically intense environments.
AB  - Modern technology has enabled the use of new forms of information in the care of
      critically ill patients. In intensive care units (ICUs), technology can
      simultaneously reduce the lived experience of illness and magnify the objective
      dimensions of patient care. The aim of this study, based upon two empirical
      studies, is to find from a philosophical point of view a more comprehensive
      understanding for the dominance of technology within intensive care. Along with
      caring for critically ill patients, technology is part of the ICU staff's
      everyday life. Both technology and caring relationships are of indispensable
      value. Tools are useful, but technology can never replace the closeness and
      empathy of the human touch. It is a question of harmonizing the demands of
      subjectivity with objective signs. The challenge for caregivers in ICU is to know
      when to heighten the importance of the objective and measurable dimensions
      provided by technology and when to magnify the patients' lived experiences, and
      to live and deal with the ambiguity of the technical dimension of care and the
      human side of nursing.

PMID- 18154638
TI  - Making sense of stories: the use of patient narratives within mental health care
      research.

PMID- 18154639
TI  - The expression of HSP27 is associated with poor clinical outcome in intrahepatic
      cholangiocarcinoma.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The heat shock proteins (HSPs) 27-kDa (HSP27) and 72-kDa (HSP72), are
      ubiquitous chaperone molecules inducible in cells exposed to different stress
      conditions. Increased level of HSPs are reported in several human cancers, and
      found to be associated with the resistance to some anticancer treatments and poor
      prognosis. However, there is no study of the relationship between HSPs expression
      and patient's prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCCA). In this
      exploratory retrospective study, we investigated the expressions of HSP27 and
      HSP72 as potential prognostic factors in IHCCA. METHODS: Thirty-one paraffin
      embedded samples were analyzed by immunohistochemical methods using HSP27 and
      HSP72 monoclonal antibodies. Proliferation rate was assessed in the same
      specimens by using monoclonal antibody against phosphorylated histone H3 (pHH3).
      Fisher's exact test was used to assess the hypothesis of independence between
      categorical variables in 2 x 2 tables. The ANOVA procedure was used to evaluate
      the association between ordinal and categorical variables. Estimates of the
      survival probability were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log
      rank test was employed to test the null hypothesis of equality in overall
      survival among groups. The hazard ratio associated with HSP27 and HSP72
      expression was estimated by Cox hazard-proportional regression. RESULTS: The
      expression of HSP27 was related to mitotic index, tumor greatest dimension,
      capsular and vascular invasion while the expression of HSP72 was only related to
      the presence of necrosis and the lymphoid infiltration. Kaplan-Maier analysis
      suggested that the expression of HSP27 significantly worsened the patients'
      median overall survival (11 +/- 3.18 vs 55 +/- 4.1 months, P-value = 0.0003).
      Moreover HSP27-positive patients exhibited the worst mean survival (7.0 +/- 3.2
      months) in the absence of concomitant HSP72 expression. CONCLUSION: The
      expression of HSP27, likely increasing cell proliferation, tumor mass, vascular
      and capsular invasion, might promote aggressive tumor behaviour in IHCCA and
      decrease patients' survival. Immunohistochemical detection of HSP27 on routine
      sections may provide a reliable prognostic marker for IHCCA able to influence the
      therapeutic strategies for this cancer.

PMID- 18154640
TI  - MRPS18CP2 alleles and DEFA3 absence as putative chromosome 8p23.1 modifiers of
      hearing loss due to mtDNA mutation A1555G in the 12S rRNA gene.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations account for at least 5% of cases
      of postlingual, nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Among them, mutation A1555G is
      frequently found associated with aminoglycoside-induced and/or nonsyndromic
      hearing loss in families presenting with extremely variable clinical phenotypes.
      Biochemical and genetic data have suggested that nuclear background is the main
      factor involved in modulating the phenotypic expression of mutation A1555G.
      However, although a major nuclear modifying locus was located on chromosome
      8p23.1 and regardless intensive screening of the region, the gene involved has
      not been identified. METHODS: With the aim to gain insights into the factors that
      determine the phenotypic expression of A1555G mutation, we have analysed in
      detail different genetic and genomic elements on 8p23.1 region (DEFA3 gene
      absence, CLDN23 gene and MRPS18CP2 pseudogene) in a group of 213 A1555G carriers.
      RESULTS: Family based association studies identified a positive association for a
      polymorphism on MRPS18CP2 and an overrepresentation of DEFA3 gene absence in the
      deaf group of A1555G carriers. CONCLUSION: Although none of the factors analysed
      seem to have a major contribution to the phenotype, our findings provide further
      evidences of the involvement of 8p23.1 region as a modifying locus for A1555G 12S
      rRNA gene mutation.

PMID- 18154641
TI  - Calcification of intervertebral discs in the dachshund: a radiographic and
      histopathologic study of 20 dogs.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to compare radiographic and
      histopathologic findings with regard to number and extent of calcified discs in
      the dachshund. METHODS: The intervertebral discs of 20 dachshunds were subjected
      to a radiographic and histopathologic examination. The dogs were selected
      randomly from clinical cases euthanased for reasons unrelated to research at the
      Norwegian School of Veterinary Science. Lateral radiographs were taken of the
      vertebral columns after removing them from the carcasses. The histopathologic
      examination included 5 microm thick sections in the transverse plane, stained
      with hematoxylin-eosin and von Kossa. Radiographs and histological sections were
      evaluated independently. RESULTS: A total of 148 (28.5%) calcified discs were
      identified at the radiographic and 230 (45.7%) at the histopathologic
      examination. Of 92 discs found to be calcified by histopathology, but not by
      radiography, the degree of calcification was evaluated as 'slight' in 84 (91.3%).
      All the intervertebral discs (n = 138) that were found to be calcified by
      radiography were also found to be calcified by histopathology. CONCLUSION: A
      sensitivity of 0.6 and specificity of 1.0 for radiography was calculated when
      using histopathology as the gold standard.

PMID- 18154642
TI  - The relationship between gastric emptying, plasma cholecystokinin, and peptide YY
      in critically ill patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY) are released in response
      to intestinal nutrients and play an important physiological role in regulation of
      gastric emptying (GE). Plasma CCK and PYY concentrations are elevated in
      critically ill patients, particularly in those with a history of feed
      intolerance. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between CCK and PYY
      concentrations and GE in critical illness. METHODS: GE of 100 mL of Ensure meal
      (106 kcal, 21% fat) was measured using a 13C-octanoate breath test in 39
      mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients (24 males; 55.8 +/- 2.7 years
      old). Breath samples for 13CO2 levels were collected over the course of 4 hours,
      and the GE coefficient (GEC) (normal = 3.2 to 3.8) was calculated. Measurements
      of plasma CCK, PYY, and glucose concentrations were obtained immediately before
      and at 60 and 120 minutes after administration of Ensure. RESULTS: GE was delayed
      in 64% (25/39) of the patients. Baseline plasma CCK (8.5 +/- 1.0 versus 6.1 +/-
      0.4 pmol/L; P = 0.045) and PYY (22.8 +/- 2.2 versus 15.6 +/- 1.3 pmol/L; P =
      0.03) concentrations were higher in patients with delayed GE and were inversely
      correlated with GEC (CCK: r = -0.33, P = 0.04, and PYY: r = -0.36, P = 0.02).
      After gastric Ensure, while both plasma CCK (P = 0.03) and PYY (P = 0.02)
      concentrations were higher in patients with delayed GE, there was a direct
      relationship between the rise in plasma CCK (r = 0.40, P = 0.01) and PYY (r =
      0.42, P < 0.01) from baseline at 60 minutes after the meal and the GEC.
      CONCLUSION: In critical illness, there is a complex interaction between plasma
      CCK, PYY, and GE. Whilst plasma CCK and PYY correlated moderately with impaired
      GE, the pathogenetic role of these gut hormones in delayed GE requires further
      evaluation with specific antagonists.

PMID- 18154643
TI  - Process skill rather than motor skill seems to be a predictor of costs for
      rehabilitation after a stroke in working age; a longitudinal study with a 1 year
      follow up post discharge.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In recent years a number of costs of stroke studies have been
      conducted based on incidence or prevalence and estimating costs at a given time.
      As there still is a need for a deeper understanding of factors influencing these
      costs the aim of this study was to calculate the direct and indirect costs in a
      younger (<65) sample of stroke patients and to explore factors affecting the
      costs. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients included in a study of home rehabilitation
      and followed for 1 year after discharge from the rehabilitation unit, were
      interviewed about their use of health care services, assistance, medications and
      assistive devices. Costs (defined as the cost for society) were calculated. A
      linear regression of cost and variables of functioning, ability, community
      integration and health-related quality of life was done. RESULTS: Inpatient care
      contributed substantially to the direct cost with a mean length of stay of 92
      days. Rehabilitation during the first year constituted of an average of 28 days
      in day clinics, 38 physiotherapy sessions and 20 occupational therapy sessions.
      The total direct mean cost was 80 020 euro and the indirect cost 35 129 euro. The
      direct costs were influenced by the process skill (the ability to plan and
      perform a given task and to adapt when needed) and presence of aphasia. Indirect
      costs for informal care giving increased for patients with a lower health-related
      quality of life as well as a low score on home integration. CONCLUSION: Costs are
      high in this group of young (< 65 years) stroke patients compared to other
      studies, partly due to the length of the stay and partly to loss of productivity.

PMID- 18154644
TI  - Predicting long-term response to strong opioids in patients with low back pain:
      findings from a randomized, controlled trial of transdermal fentanyl and
      morphine.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Some patients with long-standing low back pain will benefit from
      treatment with strong opioids. However, it would be helpful to predict which
      patients will have a good response. A fixed-term opioid trial has been
      recommended, but there is little evidence to suggest how long this trial should
      be. We assessed data from a large-scale randomized comparison of transdermal
      fentanyl (TDF) and sustained-release oral morphine (slow-release morphine; SRM)
      to determine characteristics of treatment responders. METHODS: This was a
      secondary analysis of a previously published 13-month randomized trial involving
      680 patients with long-standing low back pain (median age 52 years, 61% women,
      median duration of back pain 87 months). Pain relief was recorded using visual
      analogue scales (VAS). Treatment response was defined as pain relief of at least
      30% from baseline to any point during the trial. We used a step-wise logistic
      regression to identify variables that might predict response to treatment.
      Covariates included treatment group, sex, age, duration of pain, presence of
      neuropathic pain, baseline pain scores, educational/employment status, use of
      high doses of opioids, and social functioning (SF)-36 scores. RESULTS: Over half
      the patients in both groups (n = 370; 54% TDF, 55% SRM) were treatment
      responders. There were no differences between the TDF and SRM responders in terms
      of age, sex, type or duration of pain between responders and non-responders. The
      difference in response to treatment between responders and non-responders could
      be detected at 3 weeks. Lack of response after 1 month had a stronger negative
      predictive value (i.e., ability to detect non-responders) than the presence of
      response after 1 month. The most influential factors for predicting a response
      were employment status (chi2 = 11.06, p = 0.0259) and use of high doses of
      opioids (chi2 = 3.04, p = 0.0811). CONCLUSION: No clear pattern of baseline pain
      (type or severity) or patient characteristics emerged that could be used to
      predict responders before the start of opioid treatment. However, a 1-month trial
      period appears sufficient to determine response and tolerability in most cases.

PMID- 18154645
TI  - Resource allocation of in vitro fertilization: a nationwide register-based cohort
      study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Infertility is common and in vitro fertilization (IVF) is a widely
      used treatment. In IVF the need increases and the effectiveness and
      appropriateness decrease by age. The purpose of this study was to describe
      allocation of resources for IVF by women's age, socioeconomic position, area of
      residence and treatment sector (public vs. private) and to discuss how fairly the
      IVF resources are allocated in Finland. METHODS: Women who received IVF between
      1996 and 1998 (N = 9175) were identified from the reimbursement records of the
      Social Insurance Institution (SII). Information on IVF women's background
      characteristics came from the Central Population Register and the SII, on
      treatment costs from IVF clinics and the SII, and on births from the Medical
      Birth Register. The main outcome measures were success of IVF by number of cycles
      and treated women, expenditures per IVF cycles, per women, per live-birth, and
      per treatment sector, and private and public expenditures. Expenditures were
      estimated from health care visits and costs. RESULTS: During a mean period of 1.5
      years, older women (women aged 40 or older) received 1.4 times more IVF treatment
      cycles than younger women (women aged below 30). The success rate decreased by
      age: from 22 live births per 100 cycles among younger women to 6 per 100 among
      older women. The mean cost of a live birth increased by age: compared to younger
      women, costs per born live birth of older women were 3-fold. Calculated by
      population, public expenditure was allocated most to young women and women from
      the highest socioeconomic position. Regional differences were not remarkable.
      CONCLUSION: Children of older infertile women involve more expense due to the
      lower success rates of IVF. Socioeconomic differences suggest unfair resource
      allocation in Finland.

PMID- 18154646
TI  - Social complexity in bees is not sufficient to explain lack of reversions to
      solitary living over long time scales.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The major lineages of eusocial insects, the ants, termites, stingless
      bees, honeybees and vespid wasps, all have ancient origins (> or = 65 mya) with
      no reversions to solitary behaviour. This has prompted the notion of a 'point of
      no return' whereby the evolutionary elaboration and integration of behavioural,
      genetic and morphological traits over a very long period of time leads to a
      situation where reversion to solitary living is no longer an evolutionary option.
      RESULTS: We show that in another group of social insects, the allodapine bees,
      there was a single origin of sociality > 40 mya. We also provide data on the
      biology of a key allodapine species, Halterapis nigrinervis, showing that it is
      truly social. H. nigrinervis was thought to be the only allodapine that was not
      social, and our findings therefore indicate that there have been no losses of
      sociality among extant allodapine clades. Allodapine colony sizes rarely exceed
      10 females per nest and all females in virtually all species are capable of
      nesting and reproducing independently, so these bees clearly do not fit the
      'point of no return' concept. CONCLUSION: We argue that allodapine sociality has
      been maintained by ecological constraints and the benefits of alloparental care,
      as opposed to behavioural, genetic or morphological constraints to independent
      living. Allodapine brood are highly vulnerable to predation because they are
      progressively reared in an open nest (not in sealed brood cells), which provides
      potentially large benefits for alloparental care and incentives for reproductives
      to tolerate potential alloparents. We argue that similar vulnerabilities may also
      help explain the lack of reversions to solitary living in other taxa with ancient
      social origins.

PMID- 18154647
TI  - Cryptic diversity and deep divergence in an upper Amazonian leaflitter frog,
      Eleutherodactylus ockendeni.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The forests of the upper Amazon basin harbour some of the world's
      highest anuran species richness, but to date we have only the sparsest
      understanding of the distribution of genetic diversity within and among species
      in this region. To quantify region-wide genealogical patterns and to test for the
      presence of deep intraspecific divergences that have been documented in some
      other neotropical anurans, we developed a molecular phylogeny of the wide-spread
      terrestrial leaflitter frog Eleutherodactylus ockendeni (Leptodactylidae) from 13
      localities throughout its range in Ecuador using data from two mitochondrial
      genes (16S and cyt b; 1246 base pairs). We examined the relation between
      divergence of mtDNA and the nuclear genome, as sampled by five species-specific
      microsatellite loci, to evaluate indirectly whether lineages are reproductively
      isolated where they co-occur. Our extensive phylogeographic survey thus assesses
      the spatial distribution of E. ockendeni genetic diversity across eastern
      Ecuador. RESULTS: We identified three distinct and well-supported clades within
      the Ecuadorean range of E. ockendeni: an uplands clade spanning north to south, a
      northeastern and central lowlands clade, and a central and southeastern clade,
      which is basal. Clades are separated by 12% to 15% net corrected p-distance for
      cytochrome b, with comparatively low sequence divergence within clades. Clades
      marginally overlap in some geographic areas (e.g., Napo River basin) but are
      reproductively isolated, evidenced by diagnostic differences in microsatellite
      PCR amplification profiles or DNA repeat number and coalescent analyses (in MDIV)
      best modelled without migration. Using Bayesian (BEAST) and net phylogenetic
      estimates, the Southeastern Clade diverged from the Upland/Lowland clades in the
      mid-Miocene or late Oligocene. Lowland and Upland clades speciated more recently,
      in the early or late Miocene. CONCLUSION: Our findings uncover previously
      unsuspected cryptic species diversity within the common leaflitter frog E.
      ockendeni, with at least three different species in Ecuador. While these clades
      are clearly geographically circumscribed, they do not coincide with any existing
      landscape barriers. Divergences are ancient, from the Miocene, before the most
      dramatic mountain building in the Ecuadorean Andes. Therefore, this diversity is
      not a product of Pleistocene refuges. Our research coupled with other studies
      suggests that species richness in the upper Amazon is drastically underestimated
      by current inventories based on morphospecies.

PMID- 18154648
TI  - Genomic and gene regulatory signatures of cryptozoic adaptation: Loss of blue
      sensitive photoreceptors through expansion of long wavelength-opsin expression in
      the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Recent genome sequence analysis in the red flour beetle Tribolium
      castaneum indicated that this highly crepuscular animal encodes only two single
      opsin paralogs: a UV-opsin and a long wavelength (LW)-opsin; however, these
      animals do not encode a blue (B)-opsin as most other insects. Here, we studied
      the spatial regulation of the Tribolium single LW- and UV-opsin gene paralogs in
      comparison to that of the five opsin paralogs in the retina of Drosophila
      melanogaster. RESULTS: In situ hybridization analysis reveals that the Tribolium
      retina, in contrast with other insect retinas, constitutes a homogenous field of
      ommatidia that have seven LW-opsin expressing photoreceptors and one UV-/LW-opsin
      co-expressing photoreceptor per eye unit. This pattern is consistent with the
      loss of photoreceptors sensitive to blue wavelengths. It also identifies
      Tribolium as the first example of a species in insects that co-expresses two
      different opsins across the entire retina in violation of the widely observed
      "one receptor rule" of sensory cells. CONCLUSION: Broader studies of opsin
      evolution in darkling beetles and other coleopteran groups have the potential to
      pinpoint the permissive and adaptive forces that played a role in the evolution
      of vision in Tribolium castaneum.

PMID- 18154649
TI  - Locomotor adaptation to a powered ankle-foot orthosis depends on control method.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We studied human locomotor adaptation to powered ankle-foot orthoses
      with the intent of identifying differences between two different orthosis control
      methods. The first orthosis control method used a footswitch to provide bang-bang
      control (a kinematic control) and the second orthosis control method used a
      proportional myoelectric signal from the soleus (a physiological control). Both
      controllers activated an artificial pneumatic muscle providing plantar flexion
      torque. METHODS: Subjects walked on a treadmill for two thirty-minute sessions
      spaced three days apart under either footswitch control (n = 6) or myoelectric
      control (n = 6). We recorded lower limb electromyography (EMG), joint kinematics,
      and orthosis kinetics. We compared stance phase EMG amplitudes, correlation of
      joint angle patterns, and mechanical work performed by the powered orthosis
      between the two controllers over time. RESULTS: During steady state at the end of
      the second session, subjects using proportional myoelectric control had much
      lower soleus and gastrocnemius activation than the subjects using footswitch
      control. The substantial decrease in triceps surae recruitment allowed the
      proportional myoelectric control subjects to walk with ankle kinematics close to
      normal and reduce negative work performed by the orthosis. The footswitch control
      subjects walked with substantially perturbed ankle kinematics and performed more
      negative work with the orthosis. CONCLUSION: These results provide evidence that
      the choice of orthosis control method can greatly alter how humans adapt to
      powered orthosis assistance during walking. Specifically, proportional
      myoelectric control results in larger reductions in muscle activation and gait
      kinematics more similar to normal compared to footswitch control.

PMID- 18154650
TI  - Immune system responses and fitness costs associated with consumption of bacteria
      in larvae of Trichoplusia ni.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Insects helped pioneer, and persist as model organisms for, the study
      of specific aspects of immunity. Although they lack an adaptive immune system,
      insects possess an innate immune system that recognizes and destroys intruding
      microorganisms. Its operation under natural conditions has not been well studied,
      as most studies have introduced microbes to laboratory-reared insects via
      artificial mechanical wounding. One of the most common routes of natural exposure
      and infection, however, is via food; thus, the role of dietary microbial
      communities in herbivorous insect immune system evolution invites study. Here, we
      examine the immune system response and consequences of exposing a lepidopteran
      agricultural pest to non-infectious microorganisms via simple oral consumption.
      RESULTS: Immune system response was compared between Trichoplusia ni larvae
      reared on diets with or without non-pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and
      Micrococcus luteus). Two major immune response-related enzymatic activities
      responded to diets differently - phenoloxidase activity was inhibited in the
      bacteria-fed larvae, whereas general antibacterial activity was enhanced. Eight
      proteins were highly expressed in the hemolymph of the bacteria fed larvae, among
      them immune response related proteins arylphorin, apolipophorin III and gloverin.
      Expression response among 25 putative immune response-related genes were assayed
      via RT-qPCR. Seven showed more than fivefold up regulation in the presence of
      bacterial diet, with 22 in total being differentially expressed, among them
      apolipophorin III, cecropin, gallerimycin, gloverin, lysozyme, and phenoloxidase
      inhibiting enzyme. Finally, potential life-history trade-offs were studied, with
      pupation time and pupal mass being negatively affected in bacteria fed larvae.
      CONCLUSION: The presence of bacteria in food, even if non-pathogenic, can trigger
      an immune response cascade with life history tradeoffs. Trichoplusia ni larvae
      are able to detect and respond to environmental microbes encountered in the diet,
      possibly even using midgut epithelial tissue as a sensing organ. Potential
      benefits of this immune system priming may outweigh the observed tradeoffs, as
      priming based on environmentally sensed bacterial may decrease risk of serious
      infection. These results show that food plant microbial communities represent a
      dynamic and unstudied part of the coevolutionary interactions between plants and
      their insect herbivores.

PMID- 18154651
TI  - Extensive population genetic structure in the giraffe.
AB  - BACKGROUND: A central question in the evolutionary diversification of large,
      widespread, mobile mammals is how substantial differentiation can arise,
      particularly in the absence of topographic or habitat barriers to dispersal. All
      extant giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) are currently considered to represent a
      single species classified into multiple subspecies. However, geographic variation
      in traits such as pelage pattern is clearly evident across the range in sub
      Saharan Africa and abrupt transition zones between different pelage types are
      typically not associated with extrinsic barriers to gene flow, suggesting
      reproductive isolation. RESULTS: By analyzing mitochondrial DNA sequences and
      nuclear microsatellite loci, we show that there are at least six genealogically
      distinct lineages of giraffe in Africa, with little evidence of interbreeding
      between them. Some of these lineages appear to be maintained in the absence of
      contemporary barriers to gene flow, possibly by differences in reproductive
      timing or pelage-based assortative mating, suggesting that populations usually
      recognized as subspecies have a long history of reproductive isolation. Further,
      five of the six putative lineages also contain genetically discrete populations,
      yielding at least 11 genetically distinct populations. CONCLUSION: Such extreme
      genetic subdivision within a large vertebrate with high dispersal capabilities is
      unprecedented and exceeds that of any other large African mammal. Our results
      have significant implications for giraffe conservation, and imply separate in
      situ and ex situ management, not only of pelage morphs, but also of local
      populations.

PMID- 18154652
TI  - Comparative genomic characterization of citrus-associated Xylella fastidiosa
      strains.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The xylem-inhabiting bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is the causal
      agent of Pierce's disease (PD) in vineyards and citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC)
      in orange trees. Both of these economically-devastating diseases are caused by
      distinct strains of this complex group of microorganisms, which has motivated
      researchers to conduct extensive genomic sequencing projects with Xf strains.
      This sequence information, along with other molecular tools, have been used to
      estimate the evolutionary history of the group and provide clues to understand
      the capacity of Xf to infect different hosts, causing a variety of symptoms.
      Nonetheless, although significant amounts of information have been generated from
      Xf strains, a large proportion of these efforts has concentrated on the study of
      North American strains, limiting our understanding about the genomic composition
      of South American strains - which is particularly important for CVC-associated
      strains. RESULTS: This paper describes the first genome-wide comparison among
      South American Xf strains, involving 6 distinct citrus-associated bacteria.
      Comparative analyses performed through a microarray-based approach allowed
      identification and characterization of large mobile genetic elements that seem to
      be exclusive to South American strains. Moreover, a large-scale sequencing
      effort, based on Suppressive Subtraction Hybridization (SSH), identified 290 new
      ORFs, distributed in 135 Groups of Orthologous Elements, throughout the genomes
      of these bacteria. CONCLUSION: Results from microarray-based comparisons provide
      further evidence concerning activity of horizontally transferred elements,
      reinforcing their importance as major mediators in the evolution of Xf. Moreover,
      the microarray-based genomic profiles showed similarity between Xf strains 9a5c
      and Fb7, which is unexpected, given the geographical and chronological
      differences associated with the isolation of these microorganisms. The newly
      identified ORFs, obtained by SSH, represent an approximately 10% increase in our
      current knowledge of the South American Xf gene pool and include new putative
      virulence factors, as well as novel potential markers for strain identification.
      Surprisingly, this list of novel elements include sequences previously believed
      to be unique to North American strains, pointing to the necessity of revising the
      list of specific markers that may be used for identification of distinct Xf
      strains.

PMID- 18154653
TI  - Consistent dissection of the protein interaction network by combining global and
      local metrics.
AB  - We propose a new network decomposition method to systematically identify protein
      interaction modules in the protein interaction network. Our method incorporates
      both a global metric and a local metric for balance and consistency. We have
      compared the performance of our method with several earlier approaches on both
      simulated and real datasets using different criteria, and show that our method is
      more robust to network alterations and more effective at discovering functional
      protein modules.

PMID- 18154654
TI  - The spiral curriculum: implications for online learning.
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is an apparent disjuncture between the requirements of the
      medical spiral curriculum and the practice of replacing previous online material
      in undergraduate courses. This paper investigates the extent to which students
      revisit previous online material for the purposes of building the educational
      spiral, and the implications for the implementation of a Faculty's Learning
      Management System implementation. METHODS: At the University of Cape Town,
      medical students' last date of access to 16 previous online courses was
      determined. Students completed a survey to determine their reasons for revisiting
      this material and the perceived benefits of this availability. RESULTS: 70% of
      the students revisited their previous online courses. The major reasons were to
      review lecture presentations, lectures notes, and quizzes. The perceived benefits
      were for understanding new material, preparation for assessments, and
      convenience. Although student comments were not always in line with the concept
      of the spiral curriculum, most referred to processes of building on previous
      work, and some mentioned the spiral curriculum specifically. CONCLUSION: This
      study suggests that the practice of replacing previous online courses may hinder
      rather than support student learning. Although students visit previous material
      for ranges of reasons, a large number are aware of the spiral curriculum, and use
      the online environment to build upon previous material. Any practice, which
      entails replacing material and redesigning curricula content may be detrimental
      to the students' future learning needs, and such activities may need revision.

PMID- 18154655
TI  - Adding artesunate to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine greatly improves the treatment
      efficacy in children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria on the coast of Benin,
      West Africa.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Benin has recently shifted its national antimalarial drug policy from
      monotherapies to combinations containing artemisinin derivatives. When this
      decision was taken, the available information on alternatives to chloroquine and
      sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, the first- and second-line treatment, was sparse.
      METHODS: In 2003 - 2005, before the drug policy change, a randomized, open-label,
      clinical trial was carried out on the efficacy of chloroquine, and sulphadoxine
      pyrimethamine alone or combined with artesunate, with the aim of providing policy
      makers with the information needed to formulate a new antimalarial drug policy.
      Children between six and 59 months of age, with uncomplicated malaria and living
      in the lagoon costal area in southern Benin, were randomly allocated to one of
      the three study arms and followed up for 28 days. RESULTS: Treatment failure (PCR
      corrected) was significantly lower in the artesunate + sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine
      group (4/77, 5.3%) than in chloroquine group(51/71, 71.8%) or the sulphadoxine
      pyrimethamine alone group (30/70, 44.1%) (p < 0.001). Despite high sulphadoxine
      pyrimethamine failure, its combination with artesunate greatly improved treatment
      efficacy. CONCLUSION: In Benin, artesunate + sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine is
      efficacious and could be used when the recommended artemisinin-based combinations
      (artemether-lumefantrine and amodiaquine-artesunate) are not available. However,
      because sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine is also used in pregnant women as intermittent
      preventive treatment, its combination with artesunate should not be widely
      employed in malaria patients as this may compromise the efficacy of intermittent
      preventive treatment.

PMID- 18154656
TI  - Correlation between the progressive cytoplasmic expression of a novel small heat
      shock protein (Hsp16.2) and malignancy in brain tumors.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Small heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that protect
      proteins against stress-induced aggregation. They have also been found to have
      anti-apoptotic activity and to play a part in the development of tumors.
      Recently, we identified a new small heat shock protein, Hsp16.2 which displayed
      increased expression in neuroectodermal tumors. Our aim was to investigate the
      expression of Hsp16.2 in different types of brain tumors and to correlate its
      expression with the histological grade of the tumor. METHODS:
      Immunohistochemistry with a polyclonal antibody to Hsp16.2 was carried out on
      formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded sections using the streptavidin-biotin
      method. 91 samples were examined and their histological grade was defined.
      According to the intensity of Hsp16.2 immunoreactivity, low (+), moderate (++),
      high (+++) or none (-) scores were given. Immunoblotting was carried out on 30
      samples of brain tumors using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western
      blotting. RESULTS: Low grade (grades 1-2) brain tumors displayed low cytoplasmic
      Hsp16.2 immunoreactivity, grade 3 tumors showed moderate cytoplasmic staining,
      while high grade (grade 4) tumors exhibited intensive cytoplasmic Hsp16.2
      staining. Immunoblotting supported the above mentioned results. Normal brain
      tissue acted as a negative control for the experiment, since the cytoplasm did
      not stain for Hsp16.2. There was a positive correlation between the level of
      Hsp16.2 expression and the level of anaplasia in different malignant tissue
      samples. CONCLUSION: Hsp16.2 expression was directly correlated with the
      histological grade of brain tumors, therefore Hsp16.2 may have relevance as
      becoming a possible tumor marker.

PMID- 18154657
TI  - Alstrom syndrome (OMIM 203800): a case report and literature review.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Alstrom syndrome (AS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease
      characterized by multiorgan dysfunction. The key features are childhood obesity,
      blindness due to congenital retinal dystrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss.
      Associated endocrinologic features include hyperinsulinemia, early-onset type 2
      diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia. Thus, AS shares several features with the
      common metabolic syndrome, namely obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and
      hypertriglyceridemia. Mutations in the ALMS1 gene have been found to be causative
      for AS with a total of 79 disease-causing mutations having been described. CASE
      PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a 27-year old female from an English
      (Caucasian) kindred. She had been initially referred for hypertriglyceridemia,
      but demonstrated other features suggestive of AS, including blindness, obesity,
      type 2 diabetes, renal dysfunction, and hypertension. DNA analysis revealed that
      she is a compound heterozygote with two novel mutations in the ALMS1 gene -
      H3882Y and V424I. Examination of her family revealed that her phenotypically
      unaffected mother and younger sister also had heterozygous mutations in the ALMS1
      gene. In addition to presenting these novel molecular findings for AS, we review
      the clinical and genetic features of AS in the context of our case. CONCLUSION:
      Two novel mutations in the ALMS1 gene causative for AS have been reported here,
      thereby increasing the number of reported mutations to 81 and providing a wider
      basis for mutational screening among affected individuals.

PMID- 18154658
TI  - Oral health service utilization by elderly beneficiaries of the Mexican Institute
      of Social Security in Mexico city.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aging population poses a challenge to Mexican health services.
      The aim of this study is to describe recent oral health services utilization and
      its association with socio-demographic characteristics and co-morbidity in
      Mexican Social Security beneficiaries 60 years and older. METHODS: A sample of
      700 individuals aged 60+ years was randomly chosen from the databases of the
      Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). These participants resided in the
      southwest of Mexico City and made up the final sample of a cohort study for
      identifying risk factors for root caries in elderly patients. Sociodemographic
      variables, presence of cognitive decline, depression, morbidity, medication
      consumption, and utilization of as well as reasons for seeking oral health
      services within the past 12 months were collected through a questionnaire.
      Clinical oral assessments were carried out to determine coronal and root caries
      experience. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 698 individuals aged 71.6 years on
      average, of whom 68.3% were women. 374 participants (53.6%) had made use of oral
      health services within the past 12 months. 81% of those who used oral health
      services sought private medical care, 12.8% sought social security services, and
      6.2% public health services. 99.7% had experienced coronal caries and 44.0% root
      caries. Female sex (OR = 2.0), 6 years' schooling or less (OR = 1.4), and caries
      experience in more than 22 teeth (OR = 0.6) are factors associated with the
      utilization of these services. CONCLUSION: About half the elderly beneficiaries
      of social security have made use of oral health services within the past 12
      months, and many of them have to use private services. Being a woman, having
      little schooling, and low caries experience are factors associated with the use
      of these services.

PMID- 18154659
TI  - Surviving extreme polar winters by desiccation: clues from Arctic springtail
      (Onychiurus arcticus) EST libraries.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Ice, snow and temperatures of -14 degrees C are conditions which most
      animals would find difficult, if not impossible, to survive in. However this
      exactly describes the Arctic winter, and the Arctic springtail Onychiurus
      arcticus regularly survives these extreme conditions and re-emerges in the
      spring. It is able to do this by reducing the amount of water in its body to
      almost zero: a process that is called "protective dehydration". The aim of this
      project was to generate clones and sequence data in the form of ESTs to provide a
      platform for the future molecular characterisation of the processes involved in
      protective dehydration. RESULTS: Five normalised libraries were produced from
      both desiccating and rehydrating populations of O. arcticus from stages that had
      previously been defined as potentially informative for molecular analyses. A
      total of 16,379 EST clones were generated and analysed using Blast and GO
      annotation. 40% of the clones produced significant matches against the Swissprot
      and trembl databases and these were further analysed using GO annotation.
      Extraction and analysis of GO annotations proved an extremely effective method
      for identifying generic processes associated with biochemical pathways, proving
      more efficient than solely analysing Blast data output. A number of genes were
      identified, which have previously been shown to be involved in water transport
      and desiccation such as members of the aquaporin family. Identification of these
      clones in specific libraries associated with desiccation validates the
      computational analysis by library rather than producing a global overview of all
      libraries combined. CONCLUSION: This paper describes for the first time EST data
      from the arctic springtail (O. arcticus). This significantly enhances the number
      of Collembolan ESTs in the public databases, providing useful comparative data
      within this phylum. The use of GO annotation for analysis has facilitated the
      identification of a wide variety of ESTs associated with a number of different
      biochemical pathways involved in the dehydration and recovery process in O.
      arcticus.

PMID- 18154660
TI  - Simulating non-small cell lung cancer with a multiscale agent-based model.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently
      overexpressed in many cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In
      silico modeling is considered to be an increasingly promising tool to add useful
      insights into the dynamics of the EGFR signal transduction pathway. However, most
      of the previous modeling work focused on the molecular or the cellular level
      only, neglecting the crucial feedback between these scales as well as the
      interaction with the heterogeneous biochemical microenvironment. RESULTS: We
      developed a multiscale model for investigating expansion dynamics of NSCLC within
      a two-dimensional in silico microenvironment. At the molecular level, a specific
      EGFR-ERK intracellular signal transduction pathway was implemented. Dynamical
      alterations of these molecules were used to trigger phenotypic changes at the
      cellular level. Examining the relationship between extrinsic ligand
      concentrations, intrinsic molecular profiles and microscopic patterns, the
      results confirmed that increasing the amount of available growth factor leads to
      a spatially more aggressive cancer system. Moreover, for the cell closest to
      nutrient abundance, a phase-transition emerges where a minimal increase in
      extrinsic ligand abolishes the proliferative phenotype altogether. CONCLUSION:
      Our in silico results indicate that in NSCLC, in the presence of a strong
      extrinsic chemotactic stimulus (and depending on the cell's location) downstream
      EGFR-ERK signaling may be processed more efficiently, thereby yielding a
      migration-dominant cell phenotype and overall, an accelerated spatio-temporal
      expansion rate.

PMID- 18154661
TI  - Do inflammation and procoagulation biomarkers contribute to the metabolic
      syndrome cluster?
AB  - CONTEXT: The metabolic syndrome (MetS), in addition to its lipid, metabolic, and
      anthropomorphic characteristics, is associated with a prothrombotic and the
      proinflammatory state. However, the relationship of inflammatory biomarkers to
      MetS is not clear. OBJECTIVE: To study the association between a group of
      thrombotic and inflammatory biomarkers and the MetS. METHODS: Ten conventional
      MetS risk variables and ten biomarkers were analyzed. Correlations, factor
      analysis, hexagonal binning, and regression of each biomarker with the National
      Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) MetS categories were performed in the Family
      Heart Study (n = 2,762). RESULTS: Subjects in the top 75% quartile for
      plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1) had a 6.9 CI95 [4.2-11.2] greater odds
      (p < 0.0001) of being classified with the NCEP MetS. Significant associations of
      the corresponding top 75% quartile to MetS were identified for monocyte
      chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1, OR = 2.19), C-reactive protein (CRP, OR = 1.89),
      interleukin-6 (IL6, OR = 2.11), sICAM1 (OR = 1.61), and fibrinogen (OR = 1.86).
      PAI1 correlated significantly with all obesity and dyslipidemia variables. CRP
      had a high correlation with serum amyloid A (0.6) and IL6 (0.51), and a
      significant correlation with fibrinogen (0.46). Ten conventional quantitative
      risk factors were utilized to perform multivariate factor analysis. Individual
      inclusion, in this analysis of each biomarker, showed that, PAI1, CRP, IL6, and
      fibrinogen were the most important biomarkers that clustered with the MetS latent
      factors. CONCLUSION: PAI1 is an important risk factor for MetS. It correlates
      significantly with most of the variables studied, clusters in two latent factors
      related to obesity and lipids, and demonstrates the greatest relative odds of the
      10 biomarkers studied with respect to the MetS. Three other biomarkers, CRP, IL6,
      and fibrinogen associate also importantly with the MetS cluster. These 4
      biomarkers can contribute in the MetS risk assessment.

PMID- 18154662
TI  - Microarray analysis of iron deficiency chlorosis in near-isogenic soybean lines.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Iron is one of fourteen mineral elements required for proper plant
      growth and development of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Soybeans grown on
      calcareous soils, which are prevalent in the upper Midwest of the United States,
      often exhibit symptoms indicative of iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC). Yield loss
      has a positive linear correlation with increasing severity of chlorotic symptoms.
      As soybean is an important agronomic crop, it is essential to understand the
      genetics and physiology of traits affecting plant yield. Soybean cultivars vary
      greatly in their ability to respond successfully to iron deficiency stress.
      Microarray analyses permit the identification of genes and physiological
      processes involved in soybean's response to iron stress. RESULTS: RNA isolated
      from the roots of two near isogenic lines, which differ in iron efficiency, PI
      548533 (Clark; iron efficient) and PI 547430 (IsoClark; iron inefficient), were
      compared on a spotted microarray slide containing 9,728 cDNAs from root specific
      EST libraries. A comparison of RNA transcripts isolated from plants grown under
      iron limiting hydroponic conditions for two weeks revealed 43 genes as
      differentially expressed. A single linkage clustering analysis of these 43 genes
      showed 57% of them possessed high sequence similarity to known stress induced
      genes. A control experiment comparing plants grown under adequate iron hydroponic
      conditions showed no differences in gene expression between the two near isogenic
      lines. Expression levels of a subset of the differentially expressed genes were
      also compared by real time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). The RT-PCR
      experiments confirmed differential expression between the iron efficient and iron
      inefficient plants for 9 of 10 randomly chosen genes examined. To gain further
      insight into the iron physiological status of the plants, the root iron reductase
      activity was measured in both iron efficient and inefficient genotypes for plants
      grown under iron sufficient and iron limited conditions. Iron inefficient plants
      failed to respond to decreased iron availability with increased activity of Fe
      reductase. CONCLUSION: These experiments have identified genes involved in the
      soybean iron deficiency chlorosis response under iron deficient conditions.
      Single linkage cluster analysis suggests iron limited soybeans mount a general
      stress response as well as a specialized iron deficiency stress response. Root
      membrane bound reductase capacity is often correlated with iron efficiency. Under
      iron-limited conditions, the iron efficient plant had high root bound membrane
      reductase capacity while the iron inefficient plants reductase levels remained
      low, further limiting iron uptake through the root. Many of the genes up
      regulated in the iron inefficient NIL are involved in known stress induced
      pathways. The most striking response of the iron inefficient genotype to iron
      deficiency stress was the induction of a profusion of signaling and regulatory
      genes, presumably in an attempt to establish and maintain cellular homeostasis.
      Genes were up-regulated that point toward an increased transport of molecules
      through membranes. Genes associated with reactive oxidative species and an ROS
      defensive enzyme were also induced. The up-regulation of genes involved in DNA
      repair and RNA stability reflect the inhospitable cellular environment resulting
      from iron deficiency stress. Other genes were induced that are involved in
      protein and lipid catabolism; perhaps as an effort to maintain carbon flow and
      scavenge energy. The under-expression of a key glycolitic gene may result in the
      iron-inefficient genotype being energetically challenged to maintain a stable
      cellular environment. These experiments have identified candidate genes and
      processes for further experimentation to increase our understanding of soybeans'
      response to iron deficiency stress.

PMID- 18154663
TI  - Binding to DPF-motif by the POB1 EH domain is responsible for POB1-Eps15
      interaction.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Eps15 homology (EH) domains are protein interaction modules binding
      to peptides containing Asn-Pro-Phe (NPF) motifs and mediating critical events
      during endocytosis and signal transduction. The EH domain of POB1 associates with
      Eps15, a protein characterized by a striking string of DPF triplets, 15 in human
      and 13 in mouse Eps15, at the C-terminus and lacking the typical EH-binding NPF
      motif. RESULTS: By screening a multivalent nonapeptide phage display library we
      have demonstrated that the EH domain of POB1 has a different recognition
      specificity since it binds to both NPF and DPF motifs. The region of mouse Eps15
      responsible for the interaction with the EH domain of POB1 maps within a 18 amino
      acid peptide (residues 623-640) that includes three DPF repeats. Finally,
      mutational analysis in the EH domain of POB1, revealed that several solvent
      exposed residues, while distal to the binding pocket, mediate specific
      recognition of binding partners through both hydrophobic and electrostatic
      contacts. CONCLUSION: In the present study we have analysed the binding
      specificity of the POB1 EH domain. We show that it differs from other EH domains
      since it interacts with both NPF- and DPF-containing sequences. These unusual
      binding properties could be attributed to a different conformation of the binding
      pocket that allows to accommodate negative charges; moreover, we identified a
      cluster of solvent exposed Lys residues, which are only found in the EH domain of
      POB1, and influence binding to both NPF and DPF motifs. The characterization of
      structures of the DPF ligands described in this study and the POB1 EH domain will
      clearly determine the involvement of the positive patch and the rationalization
      of our findings.

PMID- 18154664
TI  - Userscripts for the life sciences.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The web has seen an explosion of chemistry and biology related
      resources in the last 15 years: thousands of scientific journals, databases,
      wikis, blogs and resources are available with a wide variety of types of
      information. There is a huge need to aggregate and organise this information.
      However, the sheer number of resources makes it unrealistic to link them all in a
      centralised manner. Instead, search engines to find information in those
      resources flourish, and formal languages like Resource Description Framework and
      Web Ontology Language are increasingly used to allow linking of resources. A
      recent development is the use of userscripts to change the appearance of web
      pages, by on-the-fly modification of the web content. This opens possibilities to
      aggregate information and computational results from different web resources into
      the web page of one of those resources. RESULTS: Several userscripts are
      presented that enrich biology and chemistry related web resources by
      incorporating or linking to other computational or data sources on the web. The
      scripts make use of Greasemonkey-like plugins for web browsers and are written in
      JavaScript. Information from third-party resources are extracted using open
      Application Programming Interfaces, while common Universal Resource Locator
      schemes are used to make deep links to related information in that external
      resource. The userscripts presented here use a variety of techniques and
      resources, and show the potential of such scripts. CONCLUSION: This paper
      discusses a number of userscripts that aggregate information from two or more web
      resources. Examples are shown that enrich web pages with information from other
      resources, and show how information from web pages can be used to link to,
      search, and process information in other resources. Due to the nature of
      userscripts, scientists are able to select those scripts they find useful on a
      daily basis, as the scripts run directly in their own web browser rather than on
      the web server. This flexibility allows the scientists to tune the features of
      web resources to optimise their productivity.

PMID- 18154665
TI  - Analysis of morphological variables and arterialization in the differential
      diagnosis of hepatic nodules in explanted cirrhotic livers.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Many terminologies have been given to dysplastic hepatocellular
      nodules, which are preneoplastic lesions. In 1995, the International Working
      Party meeting established the nomenclature and morphological criteria for
      hepatocellular nodular lesions. Nevertheless, an unequivocal differential
      diagnosis is sometimes difficult, particularly among large regenerative nodules,
      dysplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma. Angiogenesis is observed during
      hepatocarcinogenesis and the presence of the isolated arteries may help to
      discriminate these nodules. The relevance of the International Working Party
      histological variables and presence of the isolated arteries were analyzed with
      regard to the diagnosis of large regenerative nodules, low and high grade
      dysplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma, in order to evaluate which have
      a real contribution in such diagnoses. METHODS: One hundred and seven nodular
      hepatocellular lesions over 5 mm (or smaller nodules with a different color) from
      explanted cirrhotic livers were analyzed and classified following the criteria of
      the International Working Party. Classifications were as follows: large
      regenerative nodules, low grade dysplastic nodules, high grade dysplastic nodules
      and hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of isolated arteries (not related to
      the portal tracts or fibrosis) was verified for the nodules. RESULTS: Among the
      107 nodular lesions studied, 17 were classified as large regenerative nodules, 38
      as low grade dysplastic nodules, 28 as high grade dysplastic nodules and 24 as
      hepatocellular carcinoma. The most relevant International Working Party variables
      in the differential diagnosis of the nodules were cellularity, trabeculae
      thickness, cytoplasmic staining, nuclear atypia, pseudoacinar pattern, portal
      tracts, nucleocytoplasmic ratio and mitosis. The isolated arteries, identified by
      hematoxylin and eosin staining, were important discriminating between two groups:
      low grade lesions (large regenerative nodules/low grade dysplastic nodules) and
      high grade lesions (high grade dysplastic nodules/hepatocellular carcinoma) (P <
      0.001). CONCLUSION: The International Working Party criteria allow for the
      classification of the majority of hepatocellular nodules. However, other features
      such as cytoplasmatic tintorial affinity and pseudoacinar pattern may contribute
      to these diagnoses. The finding of isolated arteries in a nodular lesion should
      be investigated carefully, since the nodule could be a dysplastic lesion or
      hepatocellular carcinoma.

PMID- 18154666
TI  - Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in ovine fetuses and sheep cloned by somatic cell
      nuclear transfer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the cloned sheep "Dolly" and nine
      other ovine clones produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was reported
      to consist only of recipient oocyte mtDNA without any detectable mtDNA
      contribution from the nucleus donor cell. In cattle, mouse and pig several or
      most of the clones showed transmission of nuclear donor mtDNA resulting in
      mitochondrial heteroplasmy. To clarify the discrepant transmission pattern of
      donor mtDNA in sheep clones we analysed the mtDNA composition of seven fetuses
      and five lambs cloned from fetal fibroblasts. RESULTS: The three fetal fibroblast
      donor cells used for SCNT harboured low mtDNA copy numbers per cell (A: 753 +/-
      54, B: 292 +/- 33 and C: 561 +/- 88). The ratio of donor to recipient oocyte
      mtDNAs was determined using a quantitative amplification refractory mutation
      system (ARMS) PCR (i.e. ARMS-qPCR). For quantification of SNP variants with
      frequencies below 0.1% we developed a restriction endonuclease-mediated selective
      quantitative PCR (REMS-qPCR). We report the first cases (n = 4 fetuses, n = 3
      lambs) of recipient oocyte/nuclear donor mtDNA heteroplasmy in SCNT-derived ovine
      clones demonstrating that there is no species-effect hindering ovine nucleus
      donor mtDNA from being transmitted to the somatic clonal offspring. Most of the
      heteroplasmic clones exhibited low-level heteroplasmy (0.1% to 0.9%, n = 6)
      indicating neutral transmission of parental mtDNAs. High-level heteroplasmy (6.8%
      to 46.5%) was observed in one case. This clone possessed a divergent recipient
      oocyte-derived mtDNA genotype with three rare amino acid changes compared to the
      donor including one substitution at an evolutionary conserved site. CONCLUSION:
      Our study using state-of-the-art techniques for mtDNA quantification, like ARMS
      qPCR and the novel REMS-qPCR, documents for the first time the transmission of
      donor mtDNA into somatic sheep clones. MtDNA heteroplasmy was detected in seven
      of 12 clones tested, whereby all but one case revealed less than 1% mtDNA
      contribution from the nuclear donor cell suggesting neutral segregation.

PMID- 18154667
TI  - SV-IV Peptide1-16 reduces coagulant power in normal Factor V and Factor V Leiden.
AB  - Native Factor V is an anticoagulant, but when activated by thrombin, Factor X or
      platelet proteases, it becomes a procoagulant. Due to these double properties,
      Factor V plays a crucial role in the regulation of coagulation/anticoagulation
      balance. Factor V Leiden (FVL) disorder may lead to thrombophilia. Whether a
      reduction in the activation of Factor V or Factor V Leiden may correct the
      disposition to thrombophilia is unknown. Therefore we tested SV-IV Peptide 1-16
      (i.e. a peptide derived by seminal protein vescicle number IV, SV-IV) to assess
      its capacity to inhibit the procoagulant activity of normal clotting factor V or
      Factor V Leiden (FVL). We found that SV-IV protein has potent anti-inflammatory
      and immunomodulatory properties and also exerts procoagulant activity. In the
      present work we show that the SV-IV Peptide 1-16, incubated with plasma
      containing normal Factor V or FVL plasma for 5 minutes reduces the procoagulant
      capacity of both substances. This is an anticoagulant effect whereas SV-IV
      protein is a procoagulant. This activity is effective both in terms of the
      coagulation tests, where coagulation times are increased, and in terms of
      biochemical tests conducted with purified molecules, where Factor X activation is
      reduced. Peptide 1-16 was, in the pure molecule system, first incubated for 5
      minutes with purified Factor V then it was added to the mix of
      phosphatidylserine, Ca2+, Factor X and its chromogenic molecule Chromozym X. We
      observed a more than 50% reduction in lysis of chromogenic molecule Chromozym X
      by Factor Xa, compared to the sample without Peptide 1-16. Such reduction in
      Chromozym X lysis, is explained with the reduced activation of Factor X by
      partial inactivation of Factor V by Peptide 1-16. Thus our study demonstrates
      that Peptide 1-16 reduces the coagulation capacity of Factor V and Factor V
      Leiden in vitro, and, in turn, causes factor X reduced activation.

PMID- 18154669
TI  - Estimation of minimally important differences in EQ-5D utility and VAS scores in
      cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Understanding what constitutes an important difference on a HRQL
      measure is critical to its interpretation. The aim of this study was to provide a
      range of estimates of minimally important differences (MIDs) in EQ-5D scores in
      cancer and to determine if estimates are comparable in lung cancer. METHODS: A
      retrospective analysis was conducted on cross-sectional data collected from 534
      cancer patients, 50 of whom were lung cancer patients. A range of minimally
      important differences (MIDs) in EQ-5D index-based utility (UK and US) scores and
      VAS scores were estimated using both anchor-based and distribution-based (1/2
      standard deviation and standard error of the measure) approaches. Groups were
      anchored using Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) ratings
      and FACT-G total score-based quintiles. RESULTS: For UK-utility scores, MID
      estimates based on PS ranged from 0.10 to 0.12 both for all cancers and for lung
      cancer subgroup. Using FACT-G quintiles, MIDs were 0.09 to 0.10 for all cancers,
      and 0.07 to 0.08 for lung cancer. For US-utility scores, MIDs ranged from 0.07 to
      0.09 grouped by PS for all cancers and for lung cancer; when based on FACT-G
      quintiles, MIDs were 0.06 to 0.07 in all cancers and 0.05 to 0.06 in lung cancer.
      MIDs for VAS scores were similar for lung and all cancers, ranging from 8 to 12
      (PS) and 7 to 10 (FACT-G quintiles). DISCUSSION: Important differences in EQ-5D
      utility and VAS scores were similar for all cancers and lung cancer, with the
      lower end of the range of estimates closer to the MID, i.e. 0.08 for UK-index
      scores, 0.06 for US-index scores, and 7 [corrected] for VAS scores.

PMID- 18154668
TI  - The global distribution of fatal pesticide self-poisoning: systematic review.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Evidence is accumulating that pesticide self-poisoning is one of the
      most commonly used methods of suicide worldwide, but the magnitude of the problem
      and the global distribution of these deaths is unknown. METHODS: We have
      systematically reviewed the worldwide literature to estimate the number of
      pesticide suicides in each of the World Health Organisation's six regions and the
      global burden of fatal self-poisoning with pesticides. We used the following data
      sources: Medline, EMBASE and psycINFO (1990-2007), papers cited in publications
      retrieved, the worldwide web (using Google) and our personal collections of
      papers and books. Our aim was to identify papers enabling us to estimate the
      proportion of a country's suicides due to pesticide self-poisoning. RESULTS: We
      conservatively estimate that there are 258,234 (plausible range 233,997 to
      325,907) deaths from pesticide self-poisoning worldwide each year, accounting for
      30% (range 27% to 37%) of suicides globally. Official data from India probably
      underestimate the incidence of suicides; applying evidence-based corrections to
      India's official data, our estimate for world suicides using pesticides increases
      to 371,594 (range 347,357 to 439,267). The proportion of all suicides using
      pesticides varies from 4% in the European Region to over 50% in the Western
      Pacific Region but this proportion is not concordant with the volume of
      pesticides sold in each region; it is the pattern of pesticide use and the
      toxicity of the products, not the quantity used, that influences the likelihood
      they will be used in acts of fatal self-harm. CONCLUSION: Pesticide self
      poisoning accounts for about one-third of the world's suicides. Epidemiological
      and toxicological data suggest that many of these deaths might be prevented if
      (a) the use of pesticides most toxic to humans was restricted, (b) pesticides
      could be safely stored in rural communities, and (c) the accessibility and
      quality of care for poisoning could be improved.

PMID- 18154670
TI  - Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the breast: case report.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is a rare soft tissue sarcoma
      of ectomesenchymal origin. It is the malignant counterpart of benign soft tissue
      tumors like neurofibromas and schwannomas and may often follow them. Common sites
      include deeper soft tissues, usually in the proximity of a nerve trunk. Breast is
      an extremely rare location of this lesion and presentation as a breast lump in
      the absence of pain or previous benign neural tumor is even rarer. CASE
      PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old female presented with complaints of painless, hard
      breast lump for three months which was clinically suspected to be a ductal
      carcinoma with inconclusive fine needle aspiration cytology. Histopathology
      revealed a malignant spindle cell tumor which was confirmed to be malignant
      peripheral nerve sheath tumor on the basis of immunopositivity for vimentin,
      neurone specific enolase and S-100. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge only
      six such case reports have been published in literature. The differential
      diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor should be considered by the
      clinician as well as the pathologists in the work-up of a breast neoplasm as
      treatment and prognosis of this rare malignancy is different.

PMID- 18154671
TI  - Mitochondrial DNA suggests at least 11 origins of parasitism in angiosperms and
      reveals genomic chimerism in parasitic plants.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Some of the most difficult phylogenetic questions in evolutionary
      biology involve identification of the free-living relatives of parasitic
      organisms, particularly those of parasitic flowering plants. Consequently, the
      number of origins of parasitism and the phylogenetic distribution of the
      heterotrophic lifestyle among angiosperm lineages is unclear. RESULTS: Here we
      report the results of a phylogenetic analysis of 102 species of seed plants
      designed to infer the position of all haustorial parasitic angiosperm lineages
      using three mitochondrial genes: atp1, coxI, and matR. Overall, the mtDNA
      phylogeny agrees with independent studies in terms of non-parasitic plant
      relationships and reveals at least 11 independent origins of parasitism in
      angiosperms, eight of which consist entirely of holoparasitic species that lack
      photosynthetic ability. From these results, it can be inferred that modern-day
      parasites have disproportionately evolved in certain lineages and that the
      endoparasitic habit has arisen by convergence in four clades. In addition,
      reduced taxon, single gene analyses revealed multiple horizontal transfers of
      atp1 from host to parasite lineage, suggesting that parasites may be important
      vectors of horizontal gene transfer in angiosperms. Furthermore, in Pilostyles we
      show evidence for a recent host-to-parasite atp1 transfer based on a chimeric
      gene sequence that indicates multiple historical xenologous gene acquisitions
      have occurred in this endoparasite. Finally, the phylogenetic relationships
      inferred for parasites indicate that the origins of parasitism in angiosperms are
      strongly correlated with horizontal acquisitions of the invasive coxI group I
      intron. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these results indicate that the parasitic
      lifestyle has arisen repeatedly in angiosperm evolutionary history and results in
      increasing parasite genomic chimerism over time.

PMID- 18154672
TI  - Short-term effects of amelogenin gene splice products A+4 and A-4 implanted in
      the exposed rat molar pulp.
AB  - In order to study the short-time effects of two bioactive low-molecular
      amelogenins A+4 and A-4, half-moon cavities were prepared in the mesial aspect of
      the first maxillary molars, and after pulp exposure, agarose beads alone
      (controls) or beads soaked in A+4 or A-4 (experimental) were implanted into the
      pulp. After 1, 3 or 7 days, the rats were killed and the teeth studied by
      immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation was studied by PCNA labeling, positive
      at 3 days, but decreasing at day 7 for A+4, whilst constantly high between 3 and
      7 days for A-4. The differentiation toward the osteo/odontoblast lineage shown by
      RP59 labeling was more apparent for A-4 compared with A+4. Osteopontin-positive
      cells were alike at days 3 and 7 for A-4. In contrast, for A+4, the weak labeling
      detected at day 3 became stronger at day 7. Dentin sialoprotein (DSP), an in vivo
      odontoblast marker, was not detectable until day 7 where a few cells became DSP
      positive after A-4 stimulation, but not for A+4. These results suggest that A +/-
      4 promote the proliferation of some pulp cells. Some of them further
      differentiate into osteoblast-like progenitors, the effects being more precocious
      for A-4 (day 3) compared with A+4 (day 7). The present data suggest that A +/- 4
      promote early recruitment of osteogenic progenitors, and evidence functional
      differences between A+4 and A-4.

PMID- 18154673
TI  - Lysosomal trafficking functions of mucolipin-1 in murine macrophages.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Mucolipidosis Type IV is currently characterized as a lysosomal
      storage disorder with defects that include corneal clouding, achlorhydria and
      psychomotor retardation. MCOLN1, the gene responsible for this disease, encodes
      the protein mucolipin-1 that belongs to the "Transient Receptor Potential" family
      of proteins and has been shown to function as a non-selective cation channel
      whose activity is modulated by pH. Two cell biological defects that have been
      described in MLIV fibroblasts are a hyperacidification of lysosomes and a delay
      in the exit of lipids from lysosomes. RESULTS: We show that mucolipin-1 localizes
      to lysosomal compartments in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages that show
      subcompartmental accumulations of endocytosed molecules. Using stable RNAi
      clones, we show that mucolipin-1 is required for the exit of lipids from these
      compartments, for the transport of endocytosed molecules to terminal lysosomes,
      and for the transport of the Major Histocompatibility Complex II to the plasma
      membrane. CONCLUSION: Mucolipin-1 functions in the efficient exit of molecules,
      destined for various cellular organelles, from lysosomal compartments.

PMID- 18154674
TI  - Production of highly knotted DNA by means of cosmid circularization inside phage
      capsids.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The formation of DNA knots is common during biological transactions.
      Yet, functional implications of knotted DNA are not fully understood. Moreover,
      potential applications of DNA molecules condensed by means of knotting remain to
      be explored. A convenient method to produce abundant highly knotted DNA would be
      highly valuable for these studies. RESULTS: We had previously shown that
      circularization of the 11.2 kb linear DNA of phage P4 inside its viral capsid
      generates complex knots by the effect of confinement. We demonstrate here that
      this mechanism is not restricted to the viral genome. We constructed DNA cosmids
      as small as 5 kb and introduced them inside P4 capsids. Such cosmids were then
      recovered as a complex mixture of highly knotted DNA circles. Over 250 mug of
      knotted cosmid were typically obtained from 1 liter of bacterial culture.
      CONCLUSION: With this biological system, DNA molecules of varying length and
      sequence can be shaped into very complex and heterogeneous knotted forms. These
      molecules can be produced in preparative amounts suitable for systematic studies
      and applications.

PMID- 18154675
TI  - RNA extraction from ten year old formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer
      samples: a comparison of column purification and magnetic bead-based
      technologies.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The development of protocols for RNA extraction from paraffin
      embedded samples facilitates gene expression studies on archival samples with
      known clinical outcome. Older samples are particularly valuable because they are
      associated with longer clinical follow up. RNA extracted from formalin-fixed
      paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is problematic due to chemical modifications and
      continued degradation over time. We compared quantity and quality of RNA
      extracted by four different protocols from 14 ten year old and 14 recently
      archived (three to ten months old) FFPE breast cancer tissues. Using three spin
      column purification-based protocols and one magnetic bead-based protocol, total
      RNA was extracted in triplicate, generating 336 RNA extraction experiments. RNA
      fragment size was assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT
      PCR) for the housekeeping gene glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), testing
      primer sets designed to target RNA fragment sizes of 67 bp, 151 bp, and 242 bp.
      RESULTS: Biologically useful RNA (minimum RNA integrity number, RIN, 1.4) was
      extracted in at least one of three attempts of each protocol in 86-100% of older
      and 100% of recently archived ("months old") samples. Short RNA fragments up to
      151 bp were assayable by RT-PCR for G6PD in all ten year old and months old
      tissues tested, but none of the ten year old and only 43% of months old samples
      showed amplification if the targeted fragment was 242 bp. CONCLUSION: All
      protocols extracted RNA from ten year old FFPE samples with a minimum RIN of 1.4.
      Gene expression of G6PD could be measured in all samples, old and recent, using
      RT-PCR primers designed for RNA fragments up to 151 bp. RNA quality from ten year
      old FFPE samples was similar to that extracted from months old samples, but
      quantity and success rate were generally higher for the months old group. We
      preferred the magnetic bead-based protocol because of its speed and higher
      quantity of extracted RNA, although it produced similar quality RNA to other
      protocols. If a chosen protocol fails to extract biologically useful RNA from a
      given sample in a first attempt, another attempt and then another protocol should
      be tried before excluding the case from molecular analysis.

PMID- 18154676
TI  - Obesity and pre-hypertension in family medicine: implications for quality
      improvement.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Prevention of pre-hypertension is an important goal for primary care
      patients. Obesity is a risk factor for hypertension, but has not been addressed
      for pre-hypertension in primary care populations. The objective of this study was
      to assess the degree to which obesity independently is associated with risk for
      pre-hypertension in family medicine patients. METHODS: This study was a
      retrospective analysis of information abstracted from medical records of 707
      adult patients. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the
      relationship between body mass index (BMI) and pre-hypertension, after adjustment
      for comorbidity and demographic characteristics. Pre-hypertension was defined as
      systolic pressure between 120 and 139 mm Hg or diastolic pressure between 80 and
      89 mm Hg. RESULTS: In our sample, 42.9% of patients were pre-hypertensive.
      Logistic regression analysis revealed that, in comparison to patients with normal
      body mass, patients with BMI > 35 had higher adjusted odds of being pre
      hypertensive (OR = 4.5, CI 2.55-8.11, p < .01). BMI between 30 and 35 also was
      significant (OR = 2.7, CI 1.61-4.63, p < 0.01) as was overweight (OR = 1.8, CI
      1.14-2.92, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: In our sample of family medicine patients,
      elevated BMI is a risk factor for pre-hypertension, especially BMI > 35. This
      relationship appears to be independent of age, gender, marital status and
      comorbidity. Weight loss intervention for obese patients, including patient
      education or referral to weight loss programs, might be effective for prevention
      of pre-hypertension and thus should be considered as a potential quality
      indicator.

PMID- 18154677
TI  - Combined approach of perioperative 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging and intraoperative 18F
      FDG handheld gamma probe detection for tumor localization and verification of
      complete tumor resection in breast cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission
      tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has become an established method for
      detecting hypermetabolic sites of known and occult disease and is widely used in
      oncology surgical planning. Intraoperatively, it is often difficult to localize
      tumors and verify complete resection of tumors that have been previously detected
      on diagnostic PET/CT at the time of the original evaluation of the cancer
      patient. Therefore, we propose an innovative approach for intraoperative tumor
      localization and verification of complete tumor resection utilizing 18F-FDG for
      perioperative PET/CT imaging and intraoperative gamma probe detection. METHODS:
      Two breast cancer patients were evaluated. 18F-FDG was administered and PET/CT
      was acquired immediately prior to surgery. Intraoperatively, tumors were
      localized and resected with the assistance of a handheld gamma probe. Resected
      tumors were scanned with specimen PET/CT prior to pathologic processing. Shortly
      after the surgical procedure, patients were re-imaged with PET/CT utilizing the
      same preoperatively administered 18F-FDG dose. RESULTS: One patient had primary
      carcinoma of breast and a metastatic axillary lymph node. The second patient had
      a solitary metastatic liver lesion. In both cases, preoperative PET/CT verified
      these findings and demonstrated no additional suspicious hypermetabolic lesions.
      Furthermore, intraoperative gamma probe detection, specimen PET/CT, and
      postoperative PET/CT verified complete resection of the hypermetabolic lesions.
      CONCLUSION: Immediate preoperative and postoperative PET/CT imaging, utilizing
      the same 18F-FDG injection dose, is feasible and image quality is acceptable.
      Such perioperative PET/CT imaging, along with intraoperative gamma probe
      detection and specimen PET/CT, can be used to verify complete tumor resection.
      This innovative approach demonstrates promise for assisting the oncologic surgeon
      in localizing and verifying resection of 18F-FDG positive tumors and may
      ultimately positively impact upon long-term patient outcomes.

PMID- 18154678
TI  - Gene response profiles for Daphnia pulex exposed to the environmental stressor
      cadmium reveals novel crustacean metallothioneins.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Genomic research tools such as microarrays are proving to be
      important resources to study the complex regulation of genes that respond to
      environmental perturbations. A first generation cDNA microarray was developed for
      the environmental indicator species Daphnia pulex, to identify genes whose
      regulation is modulated following exposure to the metal stressor cadmium. Our
      experiments revealed interesting changes in gene transcription that suggest their
      biological roles and their potentially toxicological features in responding to
      this important environmental contaminant. RESULTS: Our microarray identified
      genes reported in the literature to be regulated in response to cadmium exposure,
      suggested functional attributes for genes that share no sequence similarity to
      proteins in the public databases, and pointed to genes that are likely members of
      expanded gene families in the Daphnia genome. Genes identified on the microarray
      also were associated with cadmium induced phenotypes and population-level
      outcomes that we experimentally determined. A subset of genes regulated in
      response to cadmium exposure was independently validated using quantitative
      realtime (Q-RT)-PCR. These microarray studies led to the discovery of three genes
      coding for the metal detoxication protein metallothionein (MT). The gene
      structures and predicted translated sequences of D. pulex MTs clearly place them
      in this gene family. Yet, they share little homology with previously
      characterized MTs. CONCLUSION: The genomic information obtained from this study
      represents an important first step in characterizing microarray patterns that may
      be diagnostic to specific environmental contaminants and give insights into their
      toxicological mechanisms, while also providing a practical tool for evolutionary,
      ecological, and toxicological functional gene discovery studies. Advances in
      Daphnia genomics will enable the further development of this species as a model
      organism for the environmental sciences.

PMID- 18154679
TI  - The influence of gene-environment interactions on GHR and IGF-1 expression and
      their association with growth in brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill).
AB  - BACKGROUND: Quantitative reaction norm theory proposes that genotype-by
      environment interaction (GxE) results from inter-individual differences of
      expression in adaptive suites of genes in distinct environments. However,
      environmental norms for actual gene suites are poorly documented. In this study,
      we investigated the effects of GxE interactions on levels of gene transcription
      and growth by documenting the impact of rearing environment (freshwater vs.
      saltwater), sex and genotypic (low vs. high estimated breeding value EBV) effects
      on the transcription level of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and growth
      hormone receptor (GHR) in brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis). RESULTS: Males
      grew faster than females (micro female symbol = 1.20 +/- 0.07 g.d-1, micro male
      symbol = 1.46 +/- 0.06 g.d-1) and high-EBV fish faster than low-EBV fish
      (microLOW = 0.97 +/- 0.05 g.d-1, muHIGH = 1.58 +/- 0.07 g.d-1; p < 0.05).
      However, growth was markedly lower in saltwater-reared fish than freshwater sibs
      (microFW = 1.52 +/- 0.07 g.d-1, microSW = 1.15 +/- 0.06 g.d-1), yet GHR mRNA
      transcription level was significantly higher in saltwater than in freshwater
      (microSW = 0.85 +/- 0.05, microFW = 0.61 +/- 0.05). The ratio of actual growth to
      units in assayed mRNA ('individual transcript efficiency', iTE; g.d-1.u-1) also
      differed among EBV groups (microLOW = 2.0 +/- 0.24 g.d-1.u-1; microHIGH = 3.7 +/-
      0.24 g.d-1.u-1) and environments (microSW = 2.0 +/- 0.25 g.d-1.u-1; microFW = 3.7
      +/- 0.25 g.d-1.u-1) for GHR. Males had a lower iTE for GHR than females (micro
      male symbol = 2.4 +/- 0.29 g.d-1.u-1; micro female symbol = 3.1 +/- 0.23 g.d-1.u
      1). There was no difference in IGF-1 transcription level between environments (p
      > 0.7) or EBV groups (p > 0.15) but the level of IGF-1 was four times higher in
      males than females (micro male symbol = 2.4 +/- 0.11, micro female symbol = 0.58
      +/- 0.09; p < 0.0001). We detected significant sexual differences in iTE (micro
      male symbol = 1.3 +/- 0.59 g.d-1.u-1; micro female symbol = 3.9 +/- 0.47 g.d-1.u
      1), salinities (microSW = 2.3 +/- 0.52 g.d-1.u-1; microFW = 3.7 +/- 0.53 g.d-1.u
      1) and EBV-groups (microLOW = 2.4 +/- 0.49 g.d-1.u-1; microHIGH = 3.8 +/- 0.49
      g.d-1.u-1). Interaction between EBV-group and environment was detected for both
      GHR (p = 0.027) and IGF-1 (p = 0.019), and for iTE in the two genes (p < 0.0001;
      p < 0.05, respectively), where increased divergence in levels of GHR and IGF-1
      transcription occurred among EBV-groups in the saltwater environment. CONCLUSION:
      Our results show that both environment and sex have major impacts on the
      expression of mRNA for two key genes involved in the physiological pathway for
      growth. We also demonstrate for the first time, at least in fish, genotype-by
      environment interaction at the level of individual gene transcription. This work
      contributes significantly to ongoing efforts towards documenting environmentally
      and sexually induced variance of gene activity and understanding the resulting
      phenotypes.

PMID- 18154680
TI  - Checkpoint effects and telomere amplification during DNA re-replication in
      fission yeast.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although much is known about molecular mechanisms that prevent re
      initiation of DNA replication on newly replicated DNA during a single cell cycle,
      knowledge is sparse regarding the regions that are most susceptible to re
      replication when those mechanisms are bypassed and regarding the extents to which
      checkpoint pathways modulate re-replication. We used microarrays to learn more
      about these issues in wild-type and checkpoint-mutant cells of the fission yeast,
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe. RESULTS: We found that over-expressing a non
      phosphorylatable form of the replication-initiation protein, Cdc18 (known as Cdc6
      in other eukaryotes), drove re-replication of DNA sequences genome-wide, rather
      than forcing high level amplification of just a few sequences. Moderate
      variations in extents of re-replication generated regions spanning hundreds of
      kilobases that were amplified (or not) approximately 2-fold more (or less) than
      average. However, these regions showed little correlation with replication
      origins used during S phase. The extents and locations of amplified regions in
      cells deleted for the checkpoint genes encoding Rad3 (ortholog of human ATR and
      budding yeast Mec1) and Cds1 (ortholog of human Chk2 and budding yeast Rad53)
      were similar to those in wild-type cells. Relatively minor but distinct effects,
      including increased re-replication of heterochromatic regions, were found
      specifically in cells lacking Rad3. These might be due to Cds1-independent roles
      for Rad3 in regulating re-replication and/or due to the fact that cells lacking
      Rad3 continued to divide during re-replication, unlike wild-type cells or cells
      lacking Cds1. In both wild-type and checkpoint-mutant cells, regions near
      telomeres were particularly susceptible to re-replication. Highly re-replicated
      telomere-proximal regions (50-100 kb) were, in each case, followed by some of the
      least re-replicated DNA in the genome. CONCLUSION: The origins used, and the
      extent of replication fork progression, during re-replication are largely
      independent of the replication and DNA-damage checkpoint pathways mediated by
      Cds1 and Rad3. The fission yeast pattern of telomere-proximal amplification
      adjacent to a region of under-replication has also been seen in the distantly
      related budding yeast, which suggests that subtelomeric sequences may be a
      promising place to look for DNA re-replication in other organisms.

PMID- 18154681
TI  - A lesson not learned: allele misassignment.
AB  - Misassigned alleles can annihilate efforts to control quality in otherwise well
      designed genetic association analyses. To date, the issue remains underreported,
      as is exemplified by studies of a diallelic DRD2 missense variant in
      schizophrenia. For this variant, allele frequency data have been either
      misassigned, or incorrectly cited on four consecutive occasions. Contrary to
      conjecture, low heterozygosity has not guarded against the error with regard to
      rs1801028, a SNP that features a canonical base pair transversion, G:C. Measures
      are discussed that may help to identify misassigned alleles, and to avoid related
      perils pending more systematic investigation of this confounder in genotype
      phenotype associations.

PMID- 18154682
TI  - Three stage axillary lymphatic massage optimizes sentinel lymph node localisation
      using blue dye.
AB  - AIMS: This paper describes a simple technique of axillary and breast massage
      which improves the successful identification of blue sentinel nodes using patent
      blue dye alone. METHODS: Patent blue dye was injected in the subdermal part of
      the retroaroelar area in 167 patients having surgical treatment for invasive
      breast cancer. Three stage axillary lymphatic massage was performed prior to
      making the axillary incision for sentinel lymph node biopsy. All patients had
      completion axillary sampling or clearance. RESULTS: A blue lymphatic duct leading
      to lymph nodes of the first drainage was identified in 163 (97%) of the patients.
      Results are compared with 168 patients who had sentinel lymph node biopsy using
      blue dye without axillary massage. Allergic reactions were observed in four
      patients (1.2%). CONCLUSION: Three stage axillary lymphatic massage improves the
      successful identification of a blue sentinel lymph node in breast cancer
      patients.

PMID- 18154683
TI  - The value of prognostic factors for uterine cervical cancer patients treated with
      irradiation alone.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to investigate and evaluate the prognostic
      value of and correlations between preclinical and clinical factors such as the
      stage of the disease, blood Hb level before treatment, size of cervix and lymph
      nodes evaluated by CT, age, dose of irradiation and duration of radiotherapy
      related to overall survival, disease-free survival, local control and metastases
      free survival in cervical cancer patients receiving radiotherapy alone. METHODS:
      162 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)
      stage IIA-IIIB cervical carcinoma treated with irradiation were analysed.
      Univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox regression model were
      performed to determine statistical significance of some tumor-related factors.
      RESULTS: The Hb level before treatment showed significant influence on overall
      survival (p = 0.001), desease free survival (p = 0.040) and local control (p =
      0.038). The lymph node status (>10 mm) assessed on CT had impact on overall
      survival (p = 0,030) and local control (p = 0,036). The dose at point A had
      impact on disease free survival (p = 0,028) and local control (p = 0,021) and the
      radiotherapy duration had showed significant influence on overall survival (p =
      0,045), disease free survival (p = 0,006) and local control (p = 0,033).
      CONCLUSION: Anemia is a significant and independent prognostic factor of overall
      survival, disease-free survival and local control in cervical cancer patients
      treated with irradiation. The size of lymph nodes in CT is an independent
      prognostic factor for overall survival and local control in cervical cancer
      patients. The size of cervix uteri evaluated by CT has no prognostic significance
      in cervical cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. The prognostic value of
      FIGO stage of cervical cancer is influenced by other factors, analyzed in this
      study and is not an independent prognostic factor.

PMID- 18154684
TI  - Dynamic rerouting of the carbohydrate flux is key to counteracting oxidative
      stress.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Eukaryotic cells have evolved various response mechanisms to
      counteract the deleterious consequences of oxidative stress. Among these
      processes, metabolic alterations seem to play an important role. RESULTS: We
      recently discovered that yeast cells with reduced activity of the key glycolytic
      enzyme triosephosphate isomerase exhibit an increased resistance to the thiol
      oxidizing reagent diamide. Here we show that this phenotype is conserved in
      Caenorhabditis elegans and that the underlying mechanism is based on a
      redirection of the metabolic flux from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate
      pathway, altering the redox equilibrium of the cytoplasmic NADP(H) pool.
      Remarkably, another key glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (GAPDH), is known to be inactivated in response to various oxidant
      treatments, and we show that this provokes a similar redirection of the metabolic
      flux. CONCLUSION: The naturally occurring inactivation of GAPDH functions as a
      metabolic switch for rerouting the carbohydrate flux to counteract oxidative
      stress. As a consequence, altering the homoeostasis of cytoplasmic metabolites is
      a fundamental mechanism for balancing the redox state of eukaryotic cells under
      stress conditions.

PMID- 18154685
TI  - Conserved and species-specific alternative splicing in mammalian genomes.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Alternative splicing has been shown to be one of the major
      evolutionary mechanisms for protein diversification and proteome expansion, since
      a considerable fraction of alternative splicing events appears to be species- or
      lineage-specific. However, most studies were restricted to the analysis of
      cassette exons in pairs of genomes and did not analyze functionality of the
      alternative variants. RESULTS: We analyzed conservation of human alternative
      splice sites and cassette exons in the mouse and dog genomes. Alternative exons,
      especially minor-isofom ones, were shown to be less conserved than constitutive
      exons. Frame-shifting alternatives in the protein-coding regions are less
      conserved than frame-preserving ones. Similarly, the conservation of alternative
      sites is highest for evenly used alternatives, and higher when the distance
      between the sites is divisible by three. The rate of alternative-exon and site
      loss in mouse is slightly higher than in dog, consistent with faster evolution of
      the former. The evolutionary dynamics of alternative sites was shown to be
      consistent with the model of random activation of cryptic sites. CONCLUSION:
      Consistent with other studies, our results show that minor cassette exons are
      less conserved than major-alternative and constitutive exons. However, our study
      provides evidence that this is caused not only by exon birth, but also lineage
      specific loss of alternative exons and sites, and it depends on exon
      functionality.

PMID- 18154686
TI  - Obesity and craniofacial variables in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea
      syndrome: comparisons of cephalometric values.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper was to determine the most common craniofacial
      changes in patients suffering Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) with
      regards to the degree of obesity. Accordingly, cephalometric data reported in the
      literature was searched and analyzed. METHODS: After a careful analysis of the
      literature from 1990 to 2006, 5 papers with similar procedural criteria were
      selected. Inclusion criteria were: recruitment of Caucasian patients with an
      apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >10 as grouped in non-obese (Body Mass Index - [BMI] <
      30) vs. obese (BMI > or = 30). RESULTS: A low position of the hyoid bone was
      present in both groups. In non-obese patients, an increased value of the ANB
      angle and a reduced dimension of the cranial base (S-N) were found to be the most
      common finding, whereas major skeletal divergence (ANS-PNS ;Go-Me) was evident
      among obese patients. No strict association was found between OSAS and length of
      the soft palate. CONCLUSION: In both non-obese and obese OSAS patients, skeletal
      changes were often evident; with special emphasis of intermaxillary divergence in
      obese patients. Unexpectedly, in obese OSAS patients, alterations of
      oropharyngeal soft tissue were not always present and did not prevail.

PMID- 18154687
TI  - Detection and identification of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and
      Vibrio cholerae O139 using oligonucleotide microarray.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The rapid and accurate detection and identification of the new
      subtype of the pathogens is crucial for diagnosis, treatment and control of the
      contagious disease outbreak. Here, in this study, an approach to detect and
      identify Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Vibrio cholerae O139 was established using
      oligonucleotide microarray. We coupled multiplex PCR with oligonucleotide
      microarray to construct an assay suitable for simultaneous identification of two
      subtypes of the pathogens. RESULTS: The stx1, stx2 gene and uidA gene having the
      specific mutant spot were chosen as the targets for Escherichia coli O157:H7, and
      meanwhile the ctxA, tcpA, and LPSgt gene for Vibrio cholerae O139. The
      oligonucleotide microarray was composed of eight probes including negative
      control and positive control from 16S rDNA gene. The six primers were designed to
      amplify target fragments in two triplex PCR, and then hybridized with
      oligonucleotide microarray. An internal control would be to run a PCR reaction in
      parallel. Multiplex PCR did not produce any non-specific amplicons when 149
      related species or genera of standard bacteria were tested (100% specificity). In
      addition, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Escherichia coli O157:non-H7, Vibrio
      cholerae O139 and Vibrio cholerae O1 had been discriminated respectively. Using
      recombinant plasmid and target pathogens, we were able to detect positive
      hybridization signals with 102 copies/muL and 103 cfu/mL per reaction.
      CONCLUSION: The DNA microarray assay reported here could detect and identify
      Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Vibrio cholerae O139, and furthermore the subtype
      was distinguished. This assay was a specific and sensitive tool for simultaneous
      detection and identification of the new subtype of two pathogens causing diarrhea
      in human.

PMID- 18154688
TI  - Inhibition of citric acid- and capsaicin-induced cough by novel TRPV-1
      antagonist, V112220, in guinea-pig.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cough reflex can be induced by the pepper extract capsaicin and by
      low pH in guinea-pig airways. Transient receptor potential vanniloid-1 (TPRV-1)
      is expressed in the sensory and afferent nerve fibres in airways. OBJECTIVE: We
      hypothesized that a novel pyridazinylpiperazine analog TPRV-1 inhibitor can
      effectively reduce cough reflex stimulated by citric acid and capsaicin. METHODS:
      Guinea pigs were injected with specific TPRV-1 inhibitor, V112220, a
      pyridazinylpiperazine analog of N-(4-tertiarybutylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2
      yl) tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carbox-amide (BCTC) (3 mg/kg) intra-peritoneally.
      One hour before cough response assessment. Coughs were recorded using a recorder
      system that identified cough sound and accompanying expiratory flows, distinct
      from sneezes. Guinea-pigs exposed to citric acid (0.4 M) and to capsaicin (10-4M)
      aerosols, in succession separately by 2 hours. RESULTS: V112220 significantly
      inhibited the number of coughs induced by citric acid (73 +/- 11%, p < 0.01) and
      capsaicin (70 +/- 9.4%, p < 0.05) compared to vehicle control. CONCLUSION: A
      novel pyridazinylpiperazine analog TPRV-1 inhibitor can inhibit the cough reflex,
      induced by both low pH and capsaicin, suggesting that it could be clinically
      beneficial in treatment of cough.

PMID- 18154689
TI  - Management of type 2 diabetes in the obese patient: current concerns and emerging
      therapies.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The aims of this review are (1) to examine the pathophysiologic
      relationship between type 2 diabetes and obesity, (2) to provide an overview of
      current and emerging treatments for type 2 diabetes and their effects on body
      weight. METHODS: A MEDLINE search was performed for literature published in the
      English language from 1966 to 2006. Abstracts and presentations from the American
      Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions (2002-2006) and the European Association
      for the Study of Diabetes Annual Meetings (1998-2006) were also searched for
      relevant studies. Preclinical and clinical data were selected for inclusion based
      on novelty and pertinence to treatment of the obese patient. FINDINGS: Recent
      guidelines suggest that all patients with type 2 diabetes should initially
      receive metformin as well as lifestyle intervention, followed by rapid
      administration of other oral anti-diabetic agents or insulin if glycemic goals
      are not met or maintained. Many oral anti-diabetic drugs, and insulin, are
      associated with weight gain. New agents with anti-diabetic activity that may be
      advantageous in obese patients with type 2 diabetes have recently become
      available. These include injectable incretin mimetics, which reduce blood glucose
      while reducing body weight but commonly cause nausea and vomiting. A new class of
      oral agents, the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, is weight-neutral and largely
      devoid of gastrointestinal side-effects. The cannabinoid receptor antagonist
      rimonabant is the first of a new class of anti-obesity agents that reduces
      central obesity and improves multiple aspects of vascular risk. CONCLUSION: New
      agents offer the prospect of improved glycemic control without weight gain.
      However, the ultimate roles of these agents in the treatment of obese patients
      with type 2 diabetes remain to be established.

PMID- 18154690
TI  - Characterization of patients in the European Forsteo Observational Study (EFOS):
      postmenopausal women entering teriparatide treatment in a community setting.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The European Forsteo Observational Study (EFOS) study was primarily
      designed to assess fracture incidence, degree of pain, health-related quality of
      life (HRQoL) and compliance in women prescribed teriparatide in a community
      setting. This report describes the design of the study and characteristics of the
      patients at entry. METHODS: At entry, 1645 postmenopausal women with a diagnosis
      of osteoporosis and about to initiate teriparatide treatment were enrolled in
      eight European countries. Baseline data were collected on demographic
      characteristics, medical and osteoporosis history, disease status, prior use of
      medications and HRQoL. RESULTS: The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of
      patients was 71.5 (8.4) years, lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) T-score
      was -3.3 (1.2), the mean number of previous fractures reported after 40 years of
      age was 2.9 (2.0), 70% had two or more vertebral deformities and 91.7% were pre
      treated with bisphosphonates. HRQoL, evaluated by the health state value (HSV)
      (median: 0.59, Q1; Q3: 0.08; 0.71) and visual analogue scale (VAS) (median 50.0,
      Q1; Q3: 35.0; 69.0) status of the European quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D)
      was poor. Extreme problems were reported by 31% of patients for the
      pain/discomfort dimension, mobility was limited in 69% and anxiety/depression was
      reported by 57% of patients. Chronic or intermittent back pain was reported by
      91% of patients, which occurred every day or almost every day within the last
      month in 66% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The post-menopausal women prescribed
      teriparatide were severely osteoporotic, with a high fracture risk and poor
      HRQoL, despite previous therapy for osteoporosis. Moderate to severe back pain
      was very common.

PMID- 18154693
TI  - Dissection of culture media for embryos: the most important and less important
      components and characteristics.
AB  - Improvements in culture media formulations have led to an increase in the ability
      to maintain the mammalian embryo in culture throughout the preimplantation and
      pre-attachment period. Amino acids and specific macromolecules have been
      identified as being key medium components, whereas temporal dynamics have been
      recognised as important media characteristics. Furthermore, other laboratory
      factors that directly impact embryo development and viability have been
      identified. Such factors include the use of a reduced oxygen tension, an
      appropriate incubation system and an adequate prescreening of all contact
      supplies. With rigourous quality systems in place, it is possible to obtain in
      vivo rates of embryo development in vitro using new media formulations while
      maintaining high levels of embryo viability. The future of embryo culture will
      likely be based on novel culture chips capable of providing temporal dynamics
      while facilitating real-time analysis of embryo physiology.

PMID- 18154692
TI  - Female reproductive tract fluids: composition, mechanism of formation and
      potential role in the developmental origins of health and disease.
AB  - The oviduct and uterus provide the environments for the earliest stages of
      mammalian embryo development. However, little is known about the mechanisms that
      underlie the formation of oviduct and uterine fluids, or the extent to which the
      supply of nutrients via these reproductive tract tissues matches the nutrient
      requirements of early embryos. After reviewing our limited knowledge of these
      phenomena, a new experimental paradigm is proposed in which the epithelia lining
      the endosalpinx and endometrium are seen as the final components in a supply line
      that links maternal diet at one end and embryo uptake of nutrients at the other.
      When considered in this way, the oviduct and uterine epithelia become, for a few
      days, potentially the most critical maternal tissues in the establishment of a
      healthy pregnancy. In fulfilling this 'gatekeeper' role, female reproductive
      tract fluids have a key role in the 'developmental origins of health and disease'
      concept.

PMID- 18154694
TI  - Are scientific societies serving the needs of graduate and postdoctoral students?
AB  - Scientific societies have had a major role in facilitating scientific discoveries
      and disseminating them. The future of these societies is dependent on a strong
      and involved membership. However, many of the future members are currently
      graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, referred to as 'trainees'. Therefore
      it is essential that these trainees understand the value of scientific societies
      and are eager to become members of a society of their choice. The focus of the
      present paper was to determine what scientific societies should do for trainees
      to accomplish this goal. Trainees were surveyed to determine why they joined a
      scientific society, what is the value of belonging to a scientific society, what
      can the scientific society do to advance the trainees' career and what can
      trainees do to help scientific societies. From this survey, and also from years
      of interacting with trainees, a list of actions that scientific societies should
      do for their trainees was developed. There is no doubt that the most important
      people in educating trainees about the value of scientific societies and in
      influencing the trainees' decision to be active members are the trainees' current
      mentors, who have daily contact with the future members of scientific societies.

PMID- 18154695
TI  - To QC or not to QC: the key to a consistent laboratory?
AB  - A limiting factor in every embryology laboratory is its capacity to grow 'normal'
      embryos. In human in vitro fertilisation (IVF), there is considerable awareness
      that the environment of the laboratory itself can alter the quality of the
      embryos produced and the industry as a whole has moved towards the implementation
      of auditable quality management systems. Furthermore, in some countries, such as
      Australia, an established quality management system is mandatory for clinical IVF
      practice, but such systems are less frequently found in other embryology
      laboratories. Although the same challenges of supporting consistent and
      repeatable embryo development are paramount to success in all embryology
      laboratories, it could be argued that they are more important in a research
      setting where often the measured outcomes are at an intracellular or molecular
      level. In the present review, we have outlined the role and importance of quality
      control and quality assurance systems in any embryo laboratory and have
      highlighted examples of how simple monitoring can provide consistency and avoid
      the induction of artefacts, irrespective of the laboratory's purpose, function or
      species involved.

PMID- 18154696
TI  - Experimental design, power and sample size for animal reproduction experiments.
AB  - The present paper concerns statistical issues in the design of animal
      reproduction experiments, with emphasis on the problems of sample size
      determination and power calculations. We include examples and non-technical
      discussions aimed at helping researchers avoid serious errors that may invalidate
      or seriously impair the validity of conclusions from experiments. Screen shots
      from interactive power calculation programs and basic SAS power calculation
      programs are presented to aid in understanding statistical power and computing
      power in some common experimental situations. Practical issues that are common to
      most statistical design problems are briefly discussed. These include one-sided
      hypothesis tests, power level criteria, equality of within-group variances,
      transformations of response variables to achieve variance equality, optimal
      specification of treatment group sizes, 'post hoc' power analysis and arguments
      for the increased use of confidence intervals in place of hypothesis tests.

PMID- 18154697
TI  - Cytoplasmic and nuclear determinants of the maternal-to-embryonic transition.
AB  - Although improvements in culture systems have greatly enhanced in vitro embryo
      production, success rates under the best conditions are still far from ideal. The
      reasons for developmental arrest of the majority of in vitro produced embryos are
      unclear, but likely attributable, in part, to intrinsic and extrinsic influences
      on the cytoplasmic and/or nuclear environment of an oocyte and/or early embryo
      that impede normal progression through the maternal-to-embryonic transition. The
      maternal-to-embryonic transition is the time period during embryonic development
      spanning from fertilisation until when control of early embryogenesis changes
      from regulation by oocyte-derived factors to regulation by products of the
      embryonic genome. The products of numerous maternal effect genes transcribed and
      stored during oogenesis mediate this transition. Marked epigenetic changes to
      chromatin during this window of development significantly modulate embryonic gene
      expression. Depletion of maternal mRNA pools is also an obligatory event during
      the maternal-to-embryonic transition critical to subsequent development. An
      increased knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms and mediators of the maternal
      to-embryonic transition is foundational to understanding the regulation of oocyte
      quality and future breakthroughs relevant to embryo production.

PMID- 18154698
TI  - Insights and applications from sequencing the bovine genome.
AB  - Humans have sought to improve/tailor cattle since their domestication a few
      thousand years ago. Up until the last 40-50 years, consistent genetic improvement
      of cattle was a hit or miss proposition. Recent progress has been more rapid,
      thanks to applications of quantitative genetics to breeding schemes. With the
      availability of the bovine genome sequence, genetic selection and on-farm
      management are likely to be revolutionised yet again. Genetic association studies
      that were previously impossible to carry out due to a lack of markers are now
      possible. In addition to improved genetic mapping of economic traits, the bovine
      genome sequence allows us to create a common context for genetic and
      physiological data, which will provide novel insights into gene regulation and
      function.

PMID- 18154699
TI  - Commercialising genetically engineered animal biomedical products.
AB  - Research over the past two decades has increased the quality and quantity of
      tools available to produce genetically engineered animals. The number of
      potentially viable biomedical products from genetically engineered animals is
      increasing. However, moving from cutting-edge research to development and
      commercialisation of a biomedical product that is useful and wanted by the public
      has significant challenges. Even early stage development of genetically
      engineered animal applications requires consideration of many steps, including
      quality assurance and quality control, risk management, gap analysis, founder
      animal establishment, cell banking, sourcing of animals and animal-derived
      material, animal facilities, product collection facilities and processing
      facilities. These steps are complicated and expensive. Biomedical applications of
      genetically engineered animals have had some recent successes and many
      applications are well into development. As researchers consider applications for
      their findings, having a realistic understanding of the steps involved in the
      development and commercialisation of a product, produced in genetically
      engineered animals, is useful in determining the risk of genetic modification to
      the animal nu. the potential public benefit of the application.

PMID- 18154700
TI  - Current ethical issues in animal biotechnology.
AB  - The present paper reviews the current status of opinion and debate regarding
      ethical issues in three broad categories of relevance to animal biotechnology.
      The first is scientific integrity, where the focus has been on scientific fraud
      and the integrity of the research process. The second concerns possible harms or
      risks to parties affected either directly by research (including animals
      themselves) or through the eventual commercialisation or development of products
      from animal biotechnology. The final category concerns a responsibility to serve
      as a guardian of the public interest with respect to application and development
      of technologies derived from new genetic sciences. It is plausible to see the
      scientific community as a whole having such a fiduciary obligation to the broader
      public in virtue of the technical complexity of the issues and owing to the
      public funding and institutional support for scientific research. The overall
      conclusion is that in the latter two categories especially, there is an urgent
      need for new participation in deliberative consideration of ethical issues by
      working scientists.

PMID- 18154701
TI  - Epigenetic regulation during mammalian oogenesis.
AB  - The advent of the epigenetic era has sparked a new frontier in molecular research
      and the understanding of how development can be regulated beyond direct
      alterations of the genome. Thus far, the focal point of epigenetic regulation
      during development has been chromatin modifications that control differential
      gene expression by DNA methylation and histone alterations. But what of events
      that alter gene expression without direct influence on the DNA itself? The
      present review focuses on epigenetic pathways regulating development from
      oogenesis to organogenesis and back that do not involve methylation of cytosine
      in DNA. We discuss target components of epigenetic modification such as organelle
      development, compartmentalisation of maternal factors and molecular mediators in
      the oocyte and how these factors acting during oogenesis impact on later
      development. Epigenetic regulation of development, be it via cytosine methylation
      or not, has wide-ranging effects on the subsequent success of a pregnancy and the
      intrinsic health of offspring. Perturbations in epigenetic regulation have been
      clearly associated with disease states in adult offspring, including Type II
      diabetes, hypertension, cancers and infertility. A clear understanding of all
      epigenetic mechanisms is paramount when considering the increased use of assisted
      reproductive techniques and the risks associated with their use.

PMID- 18154702
TI  - [The future of targeted therapeutics in oncology: targets to find, early and long
      term treatments].

PMID- 18154703
TI  - [Nervous conduction of excitation independent of action potentials].

PMID- 18154704
TI  - [Mammary stem and progenitor cells: critical role of the transcription factor
      Gata-3].

PMID- 18154705
TI  - [Mutations in amphiphysin 2 (BIN1) cause autosomal recessive centronuclear
      myopathy].

PMID- 18154706
TI  - [Decline of liver'age-dependent regenerative capacities: some molecular tracks].

PMID- 18154707
TI  - [Axonal speeding, or how the central neurons improve their rhythm of
      calculation].

PMID- 18154708
TI  - [Trap the product to specifically inhibit the enzyme].

PMID- 18154709
TI  - [p27Kip1: tumor suppressor and oncogene?].

PMID- 18154710
TI  - [Genetic mapping of metabolic profiles: genomic and metagenomic influences].

PMID- 18154711
TI  - [Detecting patients at risk of developing an acute myocardial infarction: dream
      or reality?].

PMID- 18154712
TI  - [Neural correlates of the hedonic capacity: a marker of vulnerability for
      psychiatric diseases?].

PMID- 18154714
TI  - [NM23 and metastasis suppressor genes: update].
AB  - Metastatic dissemination represents a leading cause of death in cancer patients.
      Elucidating the mechanisms of the metastatic process is therefore essential to
      control it. Since 1988, when the NME (NM23) gene was discovered, several genes
      specifically suppressing the metastatic potential of tumor cells, have been
      identified. These metastasis suppressor genes, which exhibit a reduced expression
      in metastatic tumor cells, are defined by their capacity to suppress metastatic
      dissemination in vivo without inhibiting primary tumor growth when transfected
      into metastatic cell lines and injected into experimental animals. Their
      decreased expression in a subset of human tumor cohorts is associated with a high
      metastatic potential, thus confirming the data obtained in experimental models.
      Most of these genes affect key signal transduction pathways, including mitogen
      activated protein kinases, Rho-GTPases and G-protein-coupled receptors. These
      signaling categories control cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, which are
      important in monitoring adhesion, invasion and migration properties of metastatic
      tumor cells. Reduced expression of metastasis suppressor genes is most often due
      to epigenetic mechanisms, suggesting that their re-expression could constitute a
      new anti-metastatic therapy. In this paper, we review the literature on
      metastasis suppressor genes, with a particular focus on NM23.

PMID- 18154715
TI  - [Characterization of stem cells from the murine adult mammary gland].
AB  - The postnatal mammary morphogenesis comprises two steps, first, formation of a
      system of branching ducts at puberty and second, alveologenesis during pregnancy.
      The mammary epithelium is organized as a bilayer, composed of two cellular types,
      basal myoepithelial and luminal epithelial. The remarkable regenerative
      properties revealed in serial transplantation experiments suggest that the adult
      mammary epithelium harbors stem cells. Various strategies including analysis of
      DNA label-retaining cells, transgenic approach, and in vivo transplantation
      assay, have been used to isolate and characterize murine mammary stem and
      progenitor cells. Their molecular characteristics remain to be defined precisely
      but notable progress have been already made in the enrichment and identification
      of these cells. Current studies favor the hypothesis of a basal-type mammary stem
      cells expressing high levels of alpha 6, beta1 and beta 3 integrin chains, the
      major receptors of extracellular matrix proteins. Luminal-type progenitors may
      participate in the establishment of the bilayered alveolar epithelium during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 18154716
TI  - [The cancer stem cell: the breast cancer driver].
AB  - Recent research in a large variety of tumors, including breast cancer, has given
      support to the "cancer stem cell hypothesis". Based on this, tumors contain and
      are driven by a cellular subcomponent that retains key stem cell properties.
      These include self-renewal, which drives tumorigenesis, and the capacity to
      generate cellular heterogeneity. Recently, different techniques have been used to
      isolate potential breast cancer stem cells with the cell surface phenotype
      CD44+CD24-/low lin- or expressing Aldehyde dehydrogenase. This model has
      fundamental implications for breast cancer treatment. The development of specific
      therapeutics that target this population is an important focus for the future.

PMID- 18154717
TI  - [New perspectives for bradykinin in nephroprotection].
AB  - Various diseases such as arterial hypertension, diabetes and obesity result in
      renal diseases which are often irreversible and resistant to currently available
      therapies. Beside the control of glycemia in diabetic patients, only the blockade
      of the renin-angiotensin system is effective in reducing the occurrence of
      glomerulosclerosis and its development towards terminal renal failure. Inhibition
      of this system is based on the use of angiotensin-1 converting enzyme inhibitors
      (ACEI) and angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists. For many years, the beneficial
      effects of these two classes of drugs were attributed mainly to their
      interference with angiotensin II. However, recent in vitro and in vivo evidences
      strongly suggest that bradykinin B2 receptor is also involved in the
      nephroprotective effects of these drugs. A compelling evidence is the finding
      that the development of glomerulosclerosis is more severe in knock-out B2
      receptor mice. The nephroprotective effect of B2 receptor could be the
      consequence of a reduction of proteinuria, glomerular and interstitial fibrosis,
      cell proliferation and of the oxidative stress through the contribution of
      several well identified mechanisms. It is proposed that B2 receptor agonists can
      offer a novel therapeutic avenue in the treatment of nephropathies associated
      with diabetes or other vascular diseases.

PMID- 18154718
TI  - [Prions: where do we stand 20 years after the appearance of bovine spongiform
      encephalopathy?].
AB  - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a transmissible spongiform
      encephalopathy (TSE) identified twenty years ago in the British cattle herds.
      Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a TSE that occurs in humans. In 1996,
      scientists found a possible link between BSE and a new variant of CJD (vCJD). The
      fact that the non conventional infectious agent of TSE, named prions, could cross
      the species barrier from cattle to human through meat consumption, raised a
      tremendous concern for public safety in Europe. This led to the development in
      the following two decades of substantial and expensive measures to contain BSE
      and prevent its transmission to humans. In parallel, scientific programs have
      been funded to progress through the comprehension of the physiopathology of these
      fatal disorders. In Europe, the BSE epidemics is now ending and the number of
      cases is decreasing thanks to the strict control of animal foodstuff that was the
      main source of prion contamination. Only a small number of vCJD have been
      detected, however, additional concerns have been raised recently for public
      safety as secondary transmission of CJD through medical procedure and blood
      transfusion is possible. In addition, the possibility that the BSE was
      transmitted to other animals including small ruminants is also worrisome.
      Research efforts are now focussing on decontamination and ante mortem diagnosis
      of TSE to prevent animal and human transmission. However, needs for fundamental
      research are still important as many questions remain to be addressed to
      understand the mechanism of prion transmission, as well as its pathogenesis.

PMID- 18154719
TI  - [Nobel Prize 2007 for Medicine to Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans and Oliver
      Smithies: the mutant mice to order].

PMID- 18154720
TI  - [Drug consumptions by the young adolescents: 1. Epidemiological data].
AB  - Adolescence is often the time of experimentation with psychoactive substances,
      sometimes leading to more regular use. This paper gives an update of drug
      consumptions by the young adolescents, from results of recent general population
      surveys in France, and focuses on the specificity of this consumption when
      compared to that of older adolescents. It shows that regular uses of such
      substances usually do not start before the age of 14, but that early initiated
      adolescents show a higher risk of moving towards more intensive or problematic
      uses. Through presenting the limitations of such surveys, the authors discuss the
      nature of the link observed between early experimentation and level of use: while
      acknowledging the unquestionable prognostic value of early initiation to predict
      future problematic use, they show that its interpretation should be made with
      caution when based on such transversal epidemiological surveys.

PMID- 18154723
TI  - [Neurological disorders and trichothiodystrophy: when the transcription process
      is impaired].

PMID- 18154724
TI  - [The brain in color: transgenic "Brainbow" mice for visualizing neuronal
      circuits].

PMID- 18154725
TI  - Highly sensitive assays for SUMOylation and small ubiquitin-like modifier
      dependent protein-protein interactions.
AB  - Small ubiquitin-like proteins (SUMO) are recently discovered post-translational
      modifiers that regulate protein functions and intracellular trafficking. In this
      study, we are describing two chemoluminescence-based assays, one for SUMOylation
      and another one for SUMO-mediated protein-protein interactions. These assays can
      be used to characterize the activity and kinetics of the enzymes that catalyze
      SUMOylation, and in high-throughput screening for inhibitors of SUMOylation and
      SUMO-dependent protein-protein interactions. These novel assays represent the
      most sensitive assays for ubiquitin-like systems published to date. Similar
      strategies can be used to develop assays for other ubiquitin-like modification
      systems.

PMID- 18154726
TI  - Metabolic control of the membrane fluidity in Bacillus subtilis during cold
      adaptation.
AB  - Membrane fluidity adaptation to the low growth temperature in Bacillus subtilis
      involves two distinct mechanisms: (1) long-term adaptation accomplished by
      increasing the ratio of anteiso- to iso-branched fatty acids and (2) rapid
      desaturation of fatty acid chains in existing phospholipids by induction of fatty
      acid desaturase after cold shock. In this work we studied the effect of medium
      composition on cold adaptation of membrane fluidity. Bacillus subtilis was
      cultivated at optimum (40 degrees C) and low (20 degrees C) temperatures in
      complex medium with glucose or in mineral medium with either glucose or glycerol.
      Cold adaptation was characterized by fatty acid analysis and by measuring the
      midpoint of phospholipid phase transition T(m) (differential scanning
      calorimetry) and membrane fluidity (DPH fluorescence polarization). Cells
      cultured and measured at 40 degrees C displayed the same membrane fluidity in all
      three media despite a markedly different fatty acid composition. The T(m) was
      surprisingly the highest in the case of a culture grown in complex medium. On the
      contrary, cultivation at 20 degrees C in the complex medium gave rise to the
      highest membrane fluidity with concomitant decrease of T(m) by 10.5 degrees C. In
      mineral media at 20 degrees C the corresponding changes of T(m) were almost
      negligible. After a temperature shift from 40 to 20 degrees C, the cultures from
      all three media displayed the same adaptive induction of fatty acid desaturase
      despite their different membrane fluidity values immediately after cold shock.

PMID- 18154727
TI  - Serum proteomic-based analysis for the identification of a potential serological
      marker for autoimmune hepatitis.
AB  - In the present study, by using a serologic proteomic analysis, we identified
      phosphoglycerate mutase isozyme B (PGAM-B) as a putative target of autoantibodies
      in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). To evaluate whether the identified autoantigen is
      crucial for AIH, we cloned PGAM-B cDNA and expressed the recombinant protein in
      Escherichia coli. The soluble PGAM-B was purified by affinity chromatography and
      used as a coating antigen to determine the frequency of the PGAM-B-autoantibodies
      (PGAM-B-Abs) in patients with AIH and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) as well as
      chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and healthy donors by
      ELISA. Our study showed that the autoantibody to PGAM-B was predominantly present
      in AIH patients and 70.04% (50/71) of the tested AIH sera reacted to PGAM-B. The
      frequency of autoantibodies to PGAM-B is much higher in patients with AIH than in
      patients with PBC, CHB, CHC, and normal control. The data were further confirmed
      by using 1-DE Western blot analysis. Our study presents the first description of
      this protein as a candidate of diagnostic marker for AIH.

PMID- 18154728
TI  - Troponin: regulatory function and disorders.
AB  - Study of the molecular biology of the calcium regulation of muscle contraction
      was initiated by Professor Ebashi's discovery of a protein factor that sensitized
      actomyosin to calcium ions. This protein factor was separated into two proteins:
      tropomyosin and a novel protein named troponin. Troponin is a Ca(2+)-receptive
      protein for the Ca(2+)-regulation of muscle contraction and, in association with
      tropomyosin, sensitizes actomyosin to Ca(2+). Troponin forms an ordered
      regulatory complex with tropomyosin in the thin filament. Several regulatory
      properties of troponin, which is composed of three different components,
      troponins C, I, and T, are discussed in this article. Genetic studies have
      revealed that many mutations of genes for troponin components, especially
      troponins T and I, are involved in the three types of inherited cardiomyopathy.
      Results of functional analyses indicate that changes in the Ca(2+)-sensitivity
      caused by troponin mutations are the critical functional consequences leading to
      these disorders. Recent results of this pathophysiological aspect of troponin are
      also discussed.

PMID- 18154729
TI  - HPLC evaluation of clinical and pharmacological factors reported to cause false
      positive carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) levels.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is an alcohol biomarker used
      for detection and follow-up of excessive alcohol consumption. This HPLC study
      evaluated some clinical conditions and medications previously suggested to
      interfere with and cause non-alcohol related elevations of CDT. METHODS: Serum
      samples were collected from patients with end-stage liver disease (n=50), type 2
      diabetes mellitus (n=46), cystic fibrosis (n=24), an elevated C-reactive protein
      level (CRP>100 mg/L; n=15), and from patients taking enzyme inducing or non
      enzyme inducing antiepileptic drugs (n=43). Subjects with known or suspected
      alcohol-related problems were excluded. A sensitive and specific HPLC candidate
      CDT reference method was used to determine the relative amount of
      disialotransferrin to total transferrin. RESULTS: Of the 178 samples, 9 (5%) had
      a %disialotransferrin level > or =1.8% (>97.5th percentile) and were considered
      CDT positive. The highest frequency of elevated results was found in patients
      with end-stage liver disease (12%, n=6), including 3 with hemochromatosis, 1 with
      hepatitis C, 1 with autoimmune hepatitis and 1 with unspecified liver disease and
      cirrhosis. The other elevated %disialotransferrin results were from 2 patients
      taking enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs and 1 with type 2 diabetes. Five of 8
      examined %disialotransferrin positive samples were also positive for ethyl
      glucuronide (EtG). CONCLUSION: This HPLC study found an overall low frequency of
      elevated %disialotransferrin levels in the clinical conditions and medications
      examined. Previous reports of frequent false-positive CDT results thus seem to be
      connected with the analytical methodology used rather than representing true
      clinical or pharmacological interferences.

PMID- 18154730
TI  - Blood levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in children and their
      association with oxidative stress indices: an Indian perspective.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some ubiquitous
      environmental contaminants are capable to cause oxidative stress, during its
      metabolism. It is believed that many diseases that have a common origin in
      oxidative stress begin in childhood. Considering oxidative stress evolved during
      PAHs metabolism as one main mechanism responsible for health hazards related to
      PAHs exposure in children, we biomonitored blood PAHs levels in connection with
      redox status among children of Lucknow (India). METHODS: The study consisted of
      children (n = 50) who visited to the Pediatrics Department (KGMU) Lucknow for
      usual health check-up camp over the study period (August 2005-July 2006). Blood
      samples were drawn and levels of acenaphthylene, anthracene, phenanthrene,
      fluoranthene, naphthalene, pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene and
      benzo(a)pyrene were determined by HPLC-FD/UV. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione
      (GSH) levels, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also
      determined to evaluate redox status. RESULTS: Significantly elevated carcinogenic
      blood PAHs levels (125.55 +/- 26.99ppb, p < 0.05) were found in rural children
      compared to children from urban region (23.96 +/- 13.46). Results revealed that
      remoteness between residence and highway/traffic, significantly influences the
      blood levels of carcinogenic PAHs. There were significant correlations between
      total PAHs and MDA (r = 0.82, p < 0.001), carcinogenic PAHs and SOD activity (r =
      0.35, p < 0.01), Total PAHs and blood GSH level (r = - 0.49, p < 0.01) and
      carcinogenic PAHs and CAT activity (r = 0.42, p < 0.01). Blood MDA level was also
      found correlated with increasing body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.29, p < 0.05).
      CONCLUSION: Our results showed blood PAHs levels in children significantly
      correlated with oxidative stress and altered antioxidant status. It supports our
      hypothesis that the children exposed to high PAHs level will suffer more to
      oxidative stress that may lead to possible health risks. Additional studies with
      large sample size are considered necessary to strengthen the database and also to
      explore the PAHs associated health risks in children.

PMID- 18154731
TI  - PON1 activity and total oxidant status in patients with active pulmonary
      tuberculosis.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to the investigate effect of tuberculosis
      infection on paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and oxidative status in patients with
      pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-five active PTB subjects
      and 33 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum PON1 activity, total
      oxidant status (TOS), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) and total free sulfydryl (-SH)
      groups were determined. RESULTS: Serum basal/salt-stimulated paraoxonase
      activities, arylesterase activity and total -SH group levels were significantly
      lower in patients with PTB than controls (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.001 and p<0.01
      respectively), while TOS and LOOH levels were significantly higher (p<0.01 and
      p<0.05, respectively). In PTB patients, TOS, LOOH and total -SH group levels were
      significantly correlated with paraoxonase (r=-0.371, p<0.05; r=-0.286, p<0.05;
      r=0.625 p<0.01; respectively) and arylesterase (r=-0.437, p<0.01; r=-0.352,
      p<0.05; r=0.653, p<0.01; respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with active PTB are
      exposed to potent oxidative stress and they have decreased PON1 activity. These
      predisposal factors may, in part, play a role in the pathogenesis of
      atherosclerosis in PTB.

PMID- 18154732
TI  - Analbuminemia Zonguldak: case report and mutational analysis.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To document a new case of the rare disease analbuminemia and to study
      the molecular defect responsible for the trait. DESIGN AND METHODS: Single-strand
      conformational polymorphism (SSCP), heteroduplex analysis (HA), and DNA
      sequencing of the 14 exons and their flanking intron regions, as well as of the
      5' and 3' UTR, of the albumin gene were conducted on DNA extracted from
      peripheral blood samples. RESULTS: DNA sequence analysis showed that the proband
      was homozygous, and his parents were both heterozygous, for a previously
      unreported 5180 T-->A transversion. This silent mutation creates at position 5180
      81 a new AG dinucleotide, the invariant sequence encountered in all eukaryotic
      intron acceptor splice sites. This aberrant splice site near the 3'end of exon 5
      might alter the normal splicing mechanism. No other mutation was found in the
      examined regions of the gene. CONCLUSIONS: Our results define a new molecular
      defect in the albumin gene.

PMID- 18154733
TI  - Modulation of nucleobindin-1 and nucleobindin-2 by caspases.
AB  - Nucleobindin-1 (NUCB1) and nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) are multifunctional proteins
      that interact with Ca(2+), nucleic acids and various regulatory proteins in
      different signaling pathways. So far, our understanding of the regulation of the
      biological functions of nucleobindins remains limited. In our proteome-wide
      selection for downstream caspase substrates, both NUCB1 and NUCB2 are found to be
      the downstream substrates of caspases. We report here the detailed analyses of
      the cleavage of nucleobindins by caspases. Significantly, the caspase cleavage
      sites are located exactly at one of the Ca(2+)-binding EF-hand motifs. Our
      results suggest that the functions of nucleobindins could be modulated by caspase
      mediated cleavage in apoptosis.

PMID- 18154734
TI  - Squalene cyclase and oxidosqualene cyclase from a fern.
AB  - Ferns are the most primitive vascular plants. The phytosterols of ferns are the
      same as those of higher plants, but they produce characteristic triterpenes. The
      most distinct feature is the lack of oxygen functionality at C-3, suggesting that
      the triterpenes of ferns may be biosynthesized by direct cyclization of squalene.
      To obtain some insights into the molecular bases for the biosynthesis of
      triterpenes in ferns, we cloned ACX, an oxidosqualene cyclase homologue, encoding
      a cycloartenol synthase (CAS) and ACH, a squalene cyclase homologue, encoding a
      22-hydroxyhopane synthase from Adiantum capillus-veneris. Phylogenetic analysis
      revealed that ACH is located in the cluster of bacterial SCs, while ACX is in the
      cluster of higher plant CASs.

PMID- 18154735
TI  - Rac, PAK and p38 regulate cell contact-dependent nuclear translocation of
      myocardin-related transcription factor.
AB  - We investigated the mechanism whereby cell contact injury stimulates the alpha
      smooth muscle actin (SMA) promoter, a key process for epithelial-mesenchymal
      transition (EMT) during organ fibrosis. Contact disruption by low-Ca(2+) medium
      (LCM) activated Rac, PAK and p38 MAPK, and triggered the nuclear accumulation of
      myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF), an inducer of the SMA promoter.
      Dominant negative (DN) Rac, DN-PAK, DN-p38, or the p38 inhibitor SB203580
      suppressed the LCM-induced nuclear accumulation of MRTF and the activation of the
      SMA promoter. These studies define novel pathway(s) involving Rac, PAK, and p38
      in the regulation of MRTF and the contact-dependent induction of EMT.

PMID- 18154736
TI  - High affinity selenium uptake in a keratinocyte model.
AB  - The distribution of selenium in mammals has been recently shown to be mediated
      primarily by selenoprotein P. Even in the absence of selenoprotein P, selenium is
      distributed from the liver into all organs and tissues when supplemented in the
      diet. The form of selenium that is actively taken up by mammalian cells at trace
      concentrations has yet to be determined. We used a human keratinocyte model to
      determine whether reduction of the oxyanion selenite (SeO(3)(2-)) to the more
      reduced form of selenide (HSe(-)) would affect uptake. Indeed a reduced form of
      selenium, presumably selenide, was actively transported into keratinocytes and
      displayed saturation kinetics with an apparent K(m) of 279 nM. ATPase inhibitors
      blocked the uptake of selenide, as did the competing anions molybdate and
      chromate, but not sulfate. These results suggest that the small molecule form of
      selenium that is distributed in tissues is hydrogen selenide, despite its
      sensitivity to oxygen and reactivity to thiols.

PMID- 18154737
TI  - A family of eukaryotic lysophospholipid acyltransferases with broad specificity.
AB  - The budding yeast ALE1 gene encodes a lysophospholipid acyltransferase (LPLAT)
      with broad specificity. We show that yeast LPLAT (ScLPLAT) belongs to a distinct
      protein family that includes human MBOAT1, MBOAT2, MBOAT4, and several closely
      related proteins from other eukaryotes. We further show that two plant proteins
      within this family, the Arabidopsis proteins AtLPLAT1 and AtLPLAT2, possess
      lysophospholipid acyltransferase activities similar to ScLPLAT. We propose that
      other members of this protein family, which we refer to as the LPLAT family, also
      are likely to possess LPLAT activity. Finally, we show that ScLPLAT differs from
      the specific lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase that is encoded by SLC1 in
      that it cannot efficiently use lysophosphatidic acid produced by acylation of
      glycerol-3-phosphate in vitro.

PMID- 18154738
TI  - Endothelin-1 induction of Glut1 transcription in 3T3-L1 adipocytes involves
      distinct PKCepsilon- and p42/p44 MAPK-dependent pathways.
AB  - We have shown previously that chronic exposure to endothelin-1 (ET-1) may
      stimulate GLUT1-mediated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via both protein
      kinase C (PKC)- and mitogen-activated protein kinase (p42/p44 MAPK)-dependent
      pathways. In the present study, by using a luciferase reporter driven by Glut1
      promoter and enhancers (pLuc-GT1/E1/E2) and various constitutively active and
      dominant negative mutants of PKC isoforms, we identified PKCepsilon as the PKC
      isoform involved. In addition, we provide evidence that there is no direct
      interaction between ET-1 activated PKCepsilon and MAPK, at least at the kinase
      activity level. Furthermore, investigations employing deletion mutants of pLuc
      GT1/E1/E2 to locate the putative ET-1 responsive sites and inhibitory agents to
      suppress the activities of putative transcription factors suggested that
      transcription factors CREB, Sp1 and NF-kappaB were involved. In summary, the
      results of this study indicate that ET-1 induction of Glut1 transcription
      involves distinct PKCepsilon- and MAPK-dependent pathways, as well as downstream
      transcription factors CREB, Sp1 and NF-kappaB.

PMID- 18154739
TI  - Catalytic inactive heme oxygenase-1 protein regulates its own expression in
      oxidative stress.
AB  - Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the degradation of heme and forms antioxidant
      bile pigments as well as the signaling molecule carbon monoxide. HO-1 is
      inducible in response to a variety of chemical and physical stress conditions to
      function as a cytoprotective molecule. Therefore, it is important to maintain the
      basal level of HO-1 expression even when substrate availability is limited. We
      hypothesized that the HO-1 protein itself could regulate its own expression in a
      positive feedback manner, and that this positive feedback was important in the HO
      1 gene induction in response to oxidative stress. In cultured NIH 3T3 cells,
      transfection of HO-1 cDNA or intracellular delivery of pure HO-1 protein resulted
      in activation of a 15-kb HO-1 promoter upstream of luciferase as visualized by
      bioluminescent technology and increased HO-1 mRNA and protein levels. These
      effects were independent of HO activity because an enzymatically inactive mutant
      form of HO-1 similarly activated the HO-1 promoter and incubation with HO
      inhibitor metalloporphyrin SnPP did not affect the promoter activation. In
      addition, HO-1-specific siRNA significantly reduced hemin and cadmium chloride
      mediated HO-1 induction. Furthermore, deletion analyses demonstrated that the E1
      and E2 distal enhancers of the HO-1 promoter are required for this HO-1
      autoregulation. These experiments document feed-forward autoregulation of HO-1 in
      oxidative stress and suggest that HO-1 protein has a role in the induction
      process. We speculate that this mechanism may be useful for maintaining HO-1
      expression when substrate is limited and may also serve to up-regulate other
      genes to promote cytoprotection and to modulate cell proliferation.

PMID- 18154740
TI  - Chaperone function in organic co-solvents: experimental characterization and
      modeling of a hyperthermophilic chaperone subunit from Methanocaldococcus
      jannaschii.
AB  - Molecular chaperones play a central role in maintaining protein structure within
      a cell. Previously, we determined that the gene encoding a molecular chaperone, a
      thermosome, from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanocaldococcus jannaschii is
      upregulated upon lethal heat shock. We have recombinantly expressed this
      thermosome (rTHS) and show here that it is both stable and fully functional in
      aqueous solutions containing water-miscible organic co-solvents. Based on
      circular dichroism the secondary structure of rTHS was not affected by one-hour
      exposures to a variety of co-solvents including 30% v/v acetonitrile (ACN) and
      50% methanol (MeOH). By contrast, the secondary structure of a mesophilic
      homologue, GroEL/GroES (GroE), was substantially disrupted. rTHS reduced the
      aggregation of ovalbumin and citrate synthase in 30% ACN, assisted refolding of
      citrate synthase upon solvent-inactivation, and stabilized citrate synthase and
      glutamate dehydrogenase in the direct presence of co-solvents. Apparent total
      turnover numbers of these enzymes in denaturing solutions increased by up to 2.5
      fold in the presence of rTHS. Mechanistic models are proposed to help ascertain
      specific conditions that could enhance or limit organic solvent-induced chaperone
      activity. These models suggest that thermodynamic stability and the reversibility
      of enzyme unfolding play key roles in the effectiveness of enzyme recovery by
      rTHS.

PMID- 18154742
TI  - Cannabinoid-1 receptor blockade in cardiometabolic risk reduction: efficacy.
AB  - Intra-abdominal fat mass, or central adiposity, and cardiovascular risk are
      strongly correlated. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes hormones
      and cytokines influencing appetite, energy metabolism, and atherosclerosis.
      National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) guidelines recommend that if
      dietary and lifestyle interventions fail to produce favorable outcomes in
      individuals with a body mass index >27 and weight-related comorbidities, as well
      as those with a body mass index >30, treatment plans may include weight loss
      medication. The endocannabinoid system has recently emerged as a viable target
      for the pharmacologic treatment of obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors. This
      article provides an in-depth review of efficacy results from clinical trials of
      rimonabant, a selective cannabinoid-1 receptor. (Recently, an FDA Advisory
      Committee recommended a delay in the approval of rimonabant because of safety
      issues that need to be addressed in further studies.) Compared with placebo,
      rimonabant 20 mg significantly decreased body weight and waist circumference
      measurements. In addition, rimonabant was associated with favorable changes in
      several other cardiometabolic risk factors, including significant increases in
      serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin, as well as
      reductions in serum levels of triglycerides, small, dense low-density lipoprotein
      particles, C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, and glycosylated hemoglobin.

PMID- 18154743
TI  - Cannabinoid-1 receptor blockade in cardiometabolic risk reduction: safety,
      tolerability, and therapeutic potential.
AB  - Rimonabant is the first selective blocker of the cannabinoid-1 receptor in
      development for the treatment of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiometabolic
      risk factors. (Recently, an FDA Advisory Committee recommended a delay in the
      approval of rimonabant because of safety issues that need to be addressed in
      further studies.) Although it is associated with favorable effects on weight,
      waist circumference, serum lipids, C-reactive protein, and an improvement in
      glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, there are concerns about side effects.
      Generally, rimonabant has been well tolerated, with a primary side effect of
      nausea. Other side effects seen in trials have been anxiety and depressive
      symptoms, as well as neurologic events, albeit at low rates. When rimonabant
      becomes clinically available, physicians should be vigilant regarding the
      expected side effects and use alternative therapies if needed.

PMID- 18154744
TI  - A cardiologist's perspective on cardiometabolic risk.
AB  - Many patients who present for cardiovascular evaluation meet the National
      Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Indeed,
      the metabolic abnormalities that characterize the syndrome are major drivers of
      atherosclerosis. Although definitive therapeutic interventions for the metabolic
      syndrome remain unclear, considerable data implicate adiposity as a core element
      of this constellation of abnormalities. Thus, for practicing cardiologists, the
      need to better understand and target adiposity is inescapable.

PMID- 18154745
TI  - Weight reduction and cardiovascular and metabolic disease prevention: clinical
      trial update.
AB  - In children and adults, weight gain is accompanied by the early and more
      aggressive manifestations of well-recognized risk factors for atherosclerotic
      cardiovascular disease (CVD). Because insulin resistance and the later
      development of type 2 diabetes mellitus also accompany weight gain, the term
      cardiometabolic risk is now commonly used to describe this emerging global health
      problem. Weight loss will improve cardiometabolic risk. However, less is known
      about the effect of weight loss on the development of disease and, most
      importantly, type 2 diabetes and CVD outcomes in the form of death, myocardial
      infarction, and stroke. This review describes current clinical research that uses
      health-promoting lifestyle interventions, new drugs, and even surgery, which are
      all aimed at weight loss, reduction in disease manifestations, and improved
      outcomes. These anticipated data are essential for the future development of
      effective CVD prevention strategies. Results are awaited with great interest.

PMID- 18154746
TI  - The endocannabinoid system in the regulation of cardiometabolic risk factors.
AB  - Obesity has increased at a striking rate over the last 3 decades in the Western
      world. This negative trend dramatically affects physical health and, ultimately,
      cardiovascular risks. In fact, particularly at the visceral level, obesity is
      strongly associated with an increased risk for life-threatening conditions, such
      as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular
      disease. Although nutritional changes and physical activity are commonly thought
      of as the core treatments for obesity, it is necessary to further support obese
      patients with a pharmacologic approach for 2 reasons: to reduce the metabolic
      risk profile, and to avoid the regaining of weight. Among the various
      pharmacologic targets explored in recent years, the endocannabinoid (EC) system
      now constitutes the most promising proposal so far. In this review, after
      focusing on the central and peripheral signaling pathways that preserve energy
      homeostasis, we review the role of the EC system in regulating food's rewarding
      properties, controlling caloric intake by acting in hypothalamic pathways, and in
      modulating metabolic functions of several peripheral organs. In addition, we
      provide evidence that supports the recently proposed hypothesis that a close
      association exists between obesity and overactivation of the EC system.

PMID- 18154747
TI  - Surfactant-enhanced remediation of organic contaminated soil and water.
AB  - Surfactant based remediation technologies for organic contaminated soil and water
      (groundwater or surface water) is of increasing importance recently. Surfactants
      are used to dramatically expedite the process, which in turn, may reduce the
      treatment time of a site compared to use of water alone. In fact, among the
      various available remediation technologies for organic contaminated sites,
      surfactant based process is one of the most innovative technologies. To enhance
      the application of surfactant based technologies for remediation of organic
      contaminated sites, it is very important to have a better understanding of the
      mechanisms involved in this process. This paper will provide an overview of the
      recent developments in the area of surfactant enhanced soil and groundwater
      remediation processes, focusing on (i) surfactant adsorption on soil, (ii)
      micellar solubilization of organic hydrocarbons, (iii) supersolubilization, (iv)
      density modified displacement, (v) degradation of organic hydrocarbon in presence
      surfactants, (vi) partitioning of surfactants onto soil and liquid organic phase,
      (vii) partitioning of contaminants onto soil, and (viii) removal of organics from
      soil in presence of surfactants. Surfactant adsorption on soil and/or sediment is
      an important step in this process as it results in surfactant loss reduced the
      availability of the surfactants for solubilization. At the same time, adsorbed
      surfactants will retained in the soil matrix, and may create other environmental
      problem. The biosurfactants are become promising in this application due to their
      environmentally friendly nature, nontoxic, low adsorption on to soil, and good
      solubilization efficiency. Effects of different parameters like the effect of
      electrolyte, pH, soil mineral and organic content, soil composition etc. on
      surfactant adsorption are discussed here. Micellar solubilization is also an
      important step for removal of organic contaminants from the soil matrix,
      especially for low aqueous solubility organic contaminants. Influences of
      different parameters such as single and mixed surfactant system, hydrophilic and
      hydrophobic chain length, HLB value, temperature, electrolyte, surfactant type
      that are very important in micellar solubilization are reviewed here.
      Microemulsion systems show higher capacity of organic hydrocarbons solubilization
      than the normal micellar system. In the case of biodegradation of organic
      hydrocarbons, the rate is very slow due to low water solubility and dissolution
      rate but the presence of surfactants may increase the bioavailability of
      hydrophobic compounds by solubilization and hence increases the degradation rate.
      In some cases the presence of it also reduces the rate. In addition to
      fundamental studies, some laboratory and field studies on removal of organics
      from contaminated soil are also reviewed to show the applicability of this
      technology.

PMID- 18154748
TI  - Have you seen the 10-Year long-term safety data on laser in situ keratomileusis?

PMID- 18154749
TI  - Glaucoma screening: the value is in the details.

PMID- 18154750
TI  - Characteristics of untreated AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis. I. Findings
      before the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (1988 to 1994).
AB  - PURPOSE: To identify factors related to variations in the appearance of untreated
      AIDS-related cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in severely immunodeficient
      individuals before the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy
      (HAART) and to draw inferences regarding early events in the natural history of
      CMV retinitis based on clinical findings. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational
      case series. METHODS: We evaluated a series of 100 adult patients with AIDS and
      newly diagnosed CMV retinitis before the HAART era who were not being treated
      with specific anti-CMV therapy. Demographic factors, ophthalmic findings, and the
      influence of drug therapy (zidovudine, acyclovir) on lesion characteristics were
      evaluated. Lesion border opacity was scored using a four-point scale of severity.
      RESULTS: Lesions could be categorized by type (fulminant/edematous or
      indolent/granular) in only 66% of eyes. Severe lesion border opacity (4+) was
      related to presence of zone 1 lesions (P = .032) and greater extent of disease (P
      = .004). Acyclovir use was associated with less severe opacity (P = .029) and
      less zone 1 involvement (P = .016). Early lesions were adjacent to vessels in 73%
      of eyes; the fovea was involved in 13% of eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Lesion location and
      drug use that affects virus activity may influence the severity of lesion border
      opacity, a measure that may be more useful than lesion type in future clinical
      studies of CMV retinitis. In contrast to earlier concepts, CMV retinitis does not
      seem to be a fovea-sparing disease. Findings in this study can serve as a
      reference for investigations into possible changes in CMV retinitis since the
      introduction of HAART.

PMID- 18154752
TI  - Ten-year follow-up of photorefractive keratectomy for myopia of less than -6
      diopters.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of excimer laser myopic
      photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia of less than -6 diopters (D).
      DESIGN: Long-term (10-year) follow-up retrospective, interventional case series.
      METHODS: The study included 225 eyes of 138 myopic patients with spherical
      equivalent (SE) between 0 and -6 D treated with myopic PRK at the Instituto
      Oftalmologico de Alicante, Alicante, Spain, using the VISX 20/20 excimer laser
      (Santa Clara, California, USA). The main outcome measures were refractive
      predictability and stability, mean corneal keratometry, topographical cylinder,
      safety, efficacy, stability of visual acuity, and postoperative complications.
      RESULTS: At 10 years, 169 (75%) of 225 eyes were within +/- 1.00 D and 207 (92%)
      were within +/- 2.00 D. Ninety-five (42%) eyes underwent retreatments because of
      overcorrection, regression, or both. The mean SE slightly decreased (myopic
      regression) with a mean magnitude of -0.10 +/- 1.08 D over 10 years (-0.01 +/-
      0.11 D per year). Forty-one (58%) of 225 eyes demonstrated increase in best
      spectacle-corrected visual acuity after 10 years. Only one eye lost eight lines
      because of significant cataract, and two eyes lost vision (one lost seven lines
      and the other lost four lines) because of posterior segment-related
      complications. The mean corneal haze score gradually decreased from 0.22 +/- 0.39
      at three months to 0.01 +/- 0.09 at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Photorefractive
      keratectomy for myopia of less than -6 D is a safe and effective procedure in the
      long-term.

PMID- 18154751
TI  - Characteristics of untreated AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis. II. Findings
      in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (1997 to 2000).
AB  - PURPOSE: To describe host characteristics (use of highly active antiretroviral
      therapy [HAART]; CD4+ T-lymphocyte count; HIV ribonucleic acid [RNA] blood level)
      of people who were diagnosed with AIDS-related cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis
      after HAART became available and to investigate effects of HAART on ophthalmic
      findings. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS: We collected
      demographic, medical, laboratory, and ophthalmic data for all patients with AIDS
      and newly diagnosed, untreated CMV retinitis from January 1997 through December
      2000 at 10 sites in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California. RESULTS: The
      proportions of Hispanic and African-American patients were equivalent to or
      greater than their prevalences in the AIDS and general populations of Los Angeles
      County. Most patients (n = 80; 63.5%) were known to be receiving HAART at the
      time of CMV retinitis diagnosis; only 22 patients (17.5%) were HAART-naive.
      Median CD4+ T-lymphocyte count was 15 cells/microl and median HIV RNA blood level
      was 103,000 copies/ml for all patients, but in 10 patients, CMV retinitis
      developed despite good immunologic and virologic responses to HAART. When
      compared with HAART-naive patients, HAART-failure patients with CMV retinitis had
      more asymptomatic disease (P = .073), better visual acuity in the better eye (P =
      .003), more bilateral disease (P = .007), less zone 1 involvement (P = .042), and
      lower lesion border opacity scores (P = .054). CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with
      AIDS and newly diagnosed CMV retinitis in an urban setting are HAART-experienced.
      HAART may influence characteristics of new CMV retinitis lesions at presentation,
      despite laboratory evidence of treatment failure, possibly because of residual
      CMV-specific immunity.

PMID- 18154753
TI  - Ten-year follow-up of photorefractive keratectomy for myopia of more than -6
      diopters.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of excimer laser myopic
      photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia higher than -6 diopters (D). DESIGN:
      A long-term (10-year) follow-up retrospective, interventional case series.
      METHODS: The study included 267 eyes of 191 patients with myopia with spherical
      equivalent (SE) of more than -6 D treated with myopic PRK at the Instituto
      Oftalmologico de Alicante, Alicante, Spain, using the VISX 20/20 excimer laser
      (Santa Clara, California, USA). All patients were evaluated three months, one
      year, two years, five years, and 10 years after surgery. The main outcome
      measures were refractive predictability and stability, mean corneal keratometry,
      topographical cylinder, safety, efficacy, stability of visual acuity, and
      postoperative complications. RESULTS: At 10 years, 156 (58%) of 267 eyes were
      within +/- 1.00 D and 209 (78%) were within +/- 2.00 D. One hundred and twenty
      four eyes (46.4%) underwent retreatments because of overcorrection, regression,
      or both. The mean SE decreased (myopic regression) in eyes that did not undergo
      retreatment, with a mean magnitude of -1.33 +/- 2.0 D over 10 years (-1.13 +/-
      0.20 D per year). One hundred and twenty-one (48.3%) of 267 eyes demonstrated
      increase in best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, and only eight eyes lost
      lines of vision because of cataract and posterior segment-related complications.
      The mean corneal haze score decreased gradually from 0.48 +/- 0.69 at three
      months to 0.09 +/- 0.33 at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: PRK for myopia of more than -6
      D is a safe and effective procedure in the long-term.

PMID- 18154754
TI  - Ten-year follow-up of laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia of up to -10
      diopters.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of laser in situ keratomileusis
      (LASIK) for myopia of up to -10 diopters (D). DESIGN: A long-term (10-year)
      follow-up retrospective, interventional case series. METHODS: The study included
      97 eyes of 70 patients with a preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) of up to -10
      D treated with myopic LASIK at the Instituto Oftalmologico de Alicante, Alicante,
      Spain, using the VISX 20/20 excimer laser (Santa Clara, California, USA) and the
      Automated Corneal Shaper microkeratome (Chiron Vision, Irvine, California, USA).
      All patients were evaluated three months, one year, two years, five years, and 10
      years after surgery. The main outcome measures were refractive predictability and
      stability, mean corneal keratometry, topographical cylinder, safety, efficacy,
      stability of visual acuity, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: At 10
      years, 71 (73%) of 97 eyes were within +/- 1.00 D and 89 (92%) were within +/-
      2.00 D. Twenty eyes (20.8%) underwent retreatments because of overcorrection,
      undercorrection, regression, or both. The mean SE slightly decreased (myopic
      regression) over 10 years, with a mean myopic regression of -0.12 +/- 0.16 D per
      year. Fifty-four (54.6%) of 97 eyes demonstrated an increase in best spectacle
      corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) after 10 years. No eye developed corneal ectasia
      in the long-term, and only three eyes lost more than two lines of BSCVA because
      of complications that were not attributable to the LASIK procedure. CONCLUSIONS:
      LASIK for myopia of up to -10 D is a safe and effective procedure with slight
      myopic regression that slows down with time and a high rate of BSCVA increase in
      the long-term.

PMID- 18154755
TI  - Cost analysis of glaucoma medications.
AB  - PURPOSE: To provide patients and health care providers with calculated yearly
      costs of topical glaucoma medications. DESIGN: Prospective, experimental,
      laboratory study. METHODS: Using the average wholesale price and common dosing
      patterns, we calculated the theoretical yearly cost of glaucoma medications.
      RESULTS: Calculated yearly cost ranged from $150.81 for generic timolol maleate
      0.5% (Falcon Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Fort Worth, Texas, USA) to $697.42 for Cosopt
      (Merck & Co, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA), and as high as $873.98 for a three
      times-daily dose of Alphagan P 0.15% (Allergan, Inc, Irvine, California, USA).
      Among brand name beta-blockers, yearly cost ranged between $203.47 for Timoptic
      0.5% (Merck & Co) and $657.24 for Betoptic S (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth,
      Texas, USA). Generic beta-blockers consistently were more economical than their
      brand-name counterparts. Yearly cost of prostaglandin analogs ranged from $427.69
      for Travatan (Alcon) to $577.62 for Lumigan (Allergan). The two carbonic
      anhydrase inhibitors Azopt (Alcon) and Trusopt (Merck & Co), yielded similar
      economic profiles. Alphagan P 0.15% had yearly calculated costs of $559.08 for
      twice daily dosing per eye. The generic selective alpha(2)-agonist brimonidine
      tartrate 0.2% (Bausch & Lomb Pharmaceuticals, Tampa, Florida, USA) costs
      approximately $352.89 and $529.34 per year for the respective two and three drops
      daily per eye regimens. CONCLUSIONS: Nonselective beta-blockers remain the most
      inexpensive class of glaucoma medications. Bottle size may impact yearly glaucoma
      medication expenditures. Costs of glaucoma medications may impact decision making
      in the medical management of glaucoma.

PMID- 18154757
TI  - Intercurrent factors associated with the development of open-angle glaucoma in
      the European glaucoma prevention study.

PMID- 18154759
TI  - Late detection of retinal breaks after acute posterior vitreous detachment.

PMID- 18154761
TI  - Noninvasive tear meniscometry in dry eye patients with Sjogren syndrome.

PMID- 18154762
TI  - Intraocular pressure effects of pegaptanib (macugen) injections in patients with
      and without glaucoma.

PMID- 18154764
TI  - Endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting: the quest continues.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is still considered the "gold-standard"
      of the treatment of patients with significant carotid stenosis and has proven its
      value during past decades. However, endovascular techniques have recently been
      evolving. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is challenging CEA for the best treatment
      in patients with carotid stenosis. This review presents the development of CAS
      according to early reports, results of recent randomized trials, and future
      perspectives regarding CAS. METHODS: A literature search using the PubMed and
      Cochrane databases identified articles focusing on the key issues of CEA and CAS.
      RESULTS: Early nonrandomized reports of CAS showed variable results, and the
      Stenting and Angioplasty With Protection in Patients at High Risk for
      Endarterectomy trial led to United States Food and Drug Administration approval
      of CAS for the treatment of patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. In
      contrast, recent trials, such as the Stent-Protected Angioplasty Versus Carotid
      Endarterectomy trial and the Endarterectomy Versus Stenting in Patients with
      Symptomatic Severe Carotid Stenosis trial, (re)fuelled the debate between CAS and
      CEA. In the Stent-Protected Angioplasty Versus Carotid Endarterectomy trial, the
      complication rate of ipsilateral stroke or death at 30 days was 6.8% for CAS
      versus 6.3% for CEA and showed that CAS failed the noninferiority test. Analysis
      of the Endarterectomy Versus Stenting in Patients With Symptomatic Severe Carotid
      Stenosis trial showed a significant higher risk for death or any stroke at 30
      days for endovascular treatment (9.6%) compared with CEA (3.9%). Other aspects
      such as evolving best medical treatment, timely intervention, interventionalists'
      experience, and analysis of plaque composition-may have important influences on
      the future treatment of patients with carotid artery stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: CAS
      performed with or without embolic-protection devices can be an effective
      treatment for patients with carotid artery stenosis. However, presently there is
      no evidence that CAS provides better results in the prevention of stroke compared
      with CEA.

PMID- 18154765
TI  - Ultrasonic-mediated laparoscopic liver transection.
AB  - Parenchymal liver transection represents a fundamental phase of liver surgery.
      Several devices have been described for safe and careful dissection of the liver
      parenchyma during laparoscopic liver surgery, but the ideal technique has not yet
      been defined. This report describes the combined use of ultrasonic dissector and
      the ultrasonic coagulating cutter for laparoscopic liver resection. The
      ultrasonic dissector is used to fracture the parenchyma along the line of
      proposed division, and the uncovered bridging structures are sealed using the
      ultrasonic coagulating cutter. The combined use of ultrasonic dissector and
      harmonic scalpel allows liver resection to be safely performed, with the
      advantage of minimal surgical complication and low blood losses.

PMID- 18154766
TI  - Surgeons outperform normative controls on neuropsychologic tests, but age-related
      decay of skills persists.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The present study was undertaken to determine if psychomotor and
      visual-spatial abilities improve as a result of surgical training or are enhanced
      at baseline in those individuals choosing a surgical career. METHODS: Medical
      students entering a surgical field and practicing surgeons performed a series of
      neuropsychologic tests. Performance was compared between surgeon groups, as well
      as with normative aged-matched controls. RESULTS: An age-related decline was
      noted in the performance of all exercises, with the medical student group
      outperforming the midcareer surgeons, who in turn outperformed the senior
      surgeons. Interestingly, however, all 3 groups significantly outperformed their
      normative control groups on some or all tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Improved visual
      memory and psychomotor performance compared with normative controls appears to be
      present at baseline rather than resulting from surgical training. Decline in
      performance with age is observed, however, and this should be considered when an
      older surgeon is learning new visually complex procedures.

PMID- 18154767
TI  - Effect of graft steatosis on liver function and organ survival after liver
      transplantation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: It was the aim to determine the effect of graft steatosis on
      intraoperative organ blood flow, postoperative liver function, and organ
      survival. METHODS: A total of 225 consecutive liver transplants were reviewed.
      Liver blood flow, hepatic function (AST, ALT, prothrombin time), and organ
      survival were determined. Donor liver grafts were categorized into 2 subgroups:
      mild (<30%) (n = 175) and moderate to severe (>/=30%) (n = 50) macrovesicular
      steatosis. RESULTS: Moderate to severe steatosis was associated with
      significantly increased AST and ALT levels and significantly diminished
      prothrombin time on the first and second postoperative day. By day 7 differences
      in liver function were no longer evident. Organ blood flow was not affected by
      steatosis. After adjustment for potential confounders, organ survival did not
      depend on the degree of donor steatosis (5-year-survival rates: 68% and 58% with
      steatosis <30%, or >/= 30%, respectively) (hazard ratio .754, confidence interval
      .458-1.242, P = .268). CONCLUSION: Steatotic livers can be transplanted safely
      with good results for long-term organ survival if other contraindications are
      absent.

PMID- 18154768
TI  - Factors influencing survival after bypass procedures in patients with advanced
      pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients with occult metastasis or locally nonresectable pancreatic
      cancer found during surgical exploration have a limited life expectancy. We
      sought to define markers in these patients that could predict survival and thus
      aid decision making for selection of the most appropriate therapeutic palliative
      option. METHODS: In a prospective 4-year single-center study, 136 consecutive
      patients with obstructive pancreatic cancer and intraoperative diagnosis of
      nonresectable or disseminated pancreatic cancer underwent a palliative surgical
      bypass procedure. Potential factors predicting survival were evaluated. RESULTS:
      Ninety-eight patients had metastatic disease and 38 locally advanced disease.
      Surgical morbidity rate was 16 %, re-operation rate 1%, and overall in-hospital
      mortality 4%. Univariate analysis showed American Society of Anesthesiologists
      (ASA) score, pain, operation time, presence of metastasis, and levels of
      leukocytes, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),
      and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 were associated significantly with survival.
      The multivariate analysis identified ASA score, presence of liver metastasis,
      pain, CA 19-9, and CEA levels as independent indicators for poor survival.
      Patients with none or 1 of these risk factors had a median survival of 13.5
      months, whereas patients with 4 or 5 risk factors had a median survival of 3.5
      months. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical markers identified predict poor outcome for
      patients with palliative bypass surgery and therefore aid the appropriate
      selection of either surgical bypass or endoscopic stenting in these patients.

PMID- 18154769
TI  - Prognostic factors and preoperative radiation therapy associated with sphincter
      preservation in patients with resectable rectal cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the importance of patient and tumor factors,
      receipt of preoperative radiation therapy, and American Joint Committee on Cancer
      stage for sphincter preservation (SP) in patients with rectal cancer. METHODS:
      Age, sex, race, body mass index, tumor size, distance from the anal verge (DAV),
      differentiation, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, and preoperative
      radiation were evaluated. The end point was continence versus colostomy.
      Comparison was done by logistic regression; data were presented as mean +/- SEM;
      and significance was defined as P <.05. RESULTS: Factors independently associated
      with SP were greater DAV, body mass index (BMI) <30, smaller tumor, and
      preoperative radiation therapy (all P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: DAV remains the most
      important factor for prediction of SP in patients with rectal cancer.
      Preoperative tumor size and BMI were also independent factors. Preoperative
      radiation therapy may increase the chance of SP in patients with large tumors,
      increased BMI, or low rectal tumors.

PMID- 18154770
TI  - The bright future of cardiothoracic surgery in the era of changing health care
      delivery: an update. 1996. Updated in 2007.

PMID- 18154771
TI  - Pitfalls assessing the role of drug-eluting stents in multivessel coronary
      disease.

PMID- 18154772
TI  - Amiodarone cost effectiveness in preventing atrial fibrillation after coronary
      artery bypass graft surgery.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to estimate the costs and health
      benefits of routinely administered postoperative amiodarone as prevention of
      atrial fibrillation for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
      (CABG) for stable angina. METHODS: This cost-effectiveness study was based on a
      randomized, controlled, double-blind trial (the RASCABG study) using avoidance of
      atrial fibrillation as the measure of benefit at the Department of Cardiothoracic
      and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark. Two hundred
      and fifty eligible consecutively enrolled CABG patients were included to receive
      either 300 mg amiodarone or placebo (5% aqueous dextrose solution) administered
      intravenously over 20 minutes followed by 600 mg amiodarone/placebo orally twice
      a day (8 am and 8 pm) for the first 5 postoperative days. RESULTS: In the
      amiodarone group, there were 14 cases of atrial fibrillation compared with 32 in
      the control group (p < 0.01) whereas there were no differences in the length of
      stay. The mean total cost per patient was 7,639 euros in the amiodarone group and
      7,814 euros in the placebo group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Routine use of
      postoperative prophylactic intravenous bolus and subsequent 5 days of oral
      amiodarone therapy after coronary artery bypass grafting reduces the risk of
      atrial fibrillation and decreases the total costs of care by 175 euros per
      patient.

PMID- 18154773
TI  - Invited commentary on amiodarone cost effectiveness in preventing atrial
      fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

PMID- 18154774
TI  - Video-assisted epicardial ablation and left atrial appendage exclusion for atrial
      fibrillation: extended follow-up.
AB  - BACKGROUND: New ablation technologies have spurred development of less invasive
      operations for atrial fibrillation. The long-term efficacy of these procedures is
      unknown. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 22 patients aged 63 +/- 9
      years with symptomatic, intermittent atrial fibrillation who underwent video
      assisted, thoracoscopic pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial appendage
      exclusion from April 2004 through July 2005. The procedure consisted of bilateral
      10-mm ports and 5-cm non-rib-spreading working ports. The left atrial appendage
      was excised with a surgical stapler. All patients were followed for at least 1
      year, and all underwent Holter monitoring at study end point. RESULTS: The
      procedure was performed safely in all patients. One patient did not undergo left
      atrial appendage excision because of preexisting adhesions. No stroke,
      reoperation for bleeding, or patient mortality occurred. Average hospital stay
      was 3.2 +/- 2.0 days (range, 2 to 10 days). No patient required repeat atrial
      fibrillation ablation. One patient underwent right atrial flutter ablation 7
      months postoperatively. Average follow-up time was 18.1 +/- 4.1 months (range, 12
      to 27 months). At the end of follow-up, 20 patients (91%) were free of symptoms
      without antiarrhythmic therapy. Holter monitoring in these patients (performed
      more than 6 months after cessation of antiarrhythmic drugs) showed sinus rhythm
      and no atrial fibrillation. Twenty patients (91%) were no longer taking warfarin
      at the end of the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral, video-assisted,
      thoracoscopic pulmonary vein isolation with left atrial appendage exclusion has
      favorable single-procedure efficacy after extended follow-up for selected
      patients with atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 18154775
TI  - Right isthmus ablation reduces supraventricular arrhythmias after surgery for
      chronic atrial fibrillation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic results of
      atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation by left mini-Maze, with or without concomitant
      cavotricuspid isthmus ablation, during cardiac surgery were analyzed. METHODS:
      Eighty-seven patients undergoing radiofrequency left mini-Maze without (group A)
      or with (group B) concomitant cavotricuspid isthmus ablation underwent serial
      electrocardiography and echocardiography to assess sinus rhythm recovery and
      atrioventricular remodelling. Recurrence of AF, incidence of atrial flutter,
      hospital readmission, and episodes of congestive heart failure were recorded.
      Predictors of AF recurrence were evaluated. RESULTS: Follow-up of 33.4 +/- 11.2
      months demonstrated 88.5% had sinus rhythm recovery, with normalized E/A velocity
      in 90.9%. Freedom from AF recurrence, congestive heart failure, and hospital
      readmission was 72.6% +/- 7.8%, 93.3% +/- 5.5%, and 79.9% +/- 8.2%, respectively,
      without differences between the two groups. Atrial flutter developed in group A
      more frequently during hospitalization (19.5% versus 2.2%; p = 0.009) and follow
      up (12.2% versus 0%; p = 0.02); freedom from atrial flutter was thus lower (79.6%
      +/- 7.8% versus 100%; p = 0.024). Although no differences were recorded in
      postoperative and follow-up New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class or
      in postoperative or follow-up echocardiographic indicators between the two
      groups, AF patients displayed a worse NYHA than did sinus rhythm patients
      (discharge p = 0.009; follow-up p = 0.0002). Accordingly, only sinus rhythm
      patients showed reverse remodelling of longitudinal (discharge p = 0.002; follow
      up p = 0.0001) and transverse diameter (discharge p = 0.0001; follow-up p =
      0.001), and of follow-up left ventricular diastolic diameter (p = 0.0001). Mitral
      valve disease and high postoperative and follow-up echocardiographic pulmonary
      pressures were independent predictors of AF recurrence. Left + right ablation was
      the only protective factor against AF recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant
      cavotricuspid isthmus ablation should be routinely considered in AF surgery,
      given the shorter hospitalization, low incidence of atrial flutter onset, and
      beneficial effect on AF recurrences.

PMID- 18154776
TI  - Invited commentary.

PMID- 18154777
TI  - Explantation of implantable defibrillator leads using open heart surgery or
      percutaneous techniques.
AB  - BACKGROUND: To remove failing or infected implantable cardioverter defibrillator
      leads, percutaneous techniques and open heart surgery are two common approaches.
      However, well-defined indications for either technique are not available. We
      summarize our experience with implantable cardioverter defibrillator system
      explantation using open heart surgery and percutaneous lead removal. METHODS: A
      total of 1,391 transvenously introduced implantable cardioverter defibrillator
      systems were implanted during the analyzed time interval from January 1995 to
      June 2005 in our institution. In 21 patients (1.5%), open heart surgery for
      implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead and generator explantation was
      applied (group A), and in 53 patients (3.8%), a percutaneous lead removal was
      possible (group B). The log-rank test was used to calculate differences in
      survival between both patient groups, and the Student's t test was applied for
      differences in nonlethal complications. RESULTS: The 30-day, 6-month, 12-month,
      and 5-year survival rates were 91%, 91%, 81%, and 71%, respectively, for group A
      patients, and 100%, 100%, 94%, and 78%, respectively, for group B patients, which
      was not statistically different (p = 0.11). After open heart surgery, survival
      was comparable for cases with lead removal because of lead infection and those
      with lead malfunction (p = 0.28); however, patients with open heart surgery had a
      longer hospital stay (p = 0.03). Student's t test revealed no statistical
      difference in nonlethal complications between both patient groups (p = 0.37).
      CONCLUSIONS: As open heart surgery yielded similar results with regard to
      survival and complications, implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead removal
      using extracorporeal circulation may be well justified as a last therapeutic
      option, eg, in case of large bacterial vegetations.

PMID- 18154778
TI  - Atrial fibrillation after cardiac transplantation: experience in 498 consecutive
      cases.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Some contemporary surgical treatments for atrial fibrillation involve
      creating only a subset of the lesions made in the classic Cox Maze procedure.
      This subset often consists of pulmonary vein isolation and partial cardiac
      denervation. Orthotopic heart transplantation, by necessity, results in pulmonary
      vein isolation, albeit with total cardiac denervation. Although postoperative
      atrial fibrillation (POAF) and atrial fibrillation may differ in cause, they have
      similar underlying mechanisms and often respond to the same treatments.
      Therefore, we reviewed the incidence of POAF in heart transplant recipients to
      assess the antiarrhythmic effects of pulmonary vein isolation and cardiac
      denervation. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 498 consecutive patients who
      underwent orthotopic heart transplantation at a single institution during a 15
      year period. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients (5.4%) experienced POAF within 60
      days of transplant. In 9 of these patients, POAF occurred within 2 weeks of a
      biopsy-proven transient rejection episode; excluding these patients from the
      analysis revealed a non-rejection-associated POAF rate of 18 of 489 patients
      (3.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the long ischemic times, extensive manipulation of
      the transplanted heart, and the postoperative administration of proarrhythmic
      inotropic agents that cardiac transplantation typically involves, this procedure
      is associated with a low incidence of POAF, particularly if patients in whom
      rejection and POAF were temporally related are excluded. These findings suggest
      that complete cardiac denervation and pulmonary vein isolation protect heart
      transplant recipients from POAF, thus supporting the notion that similar lesions
      may be useful in the treatment of other types of atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 18154779
TI  - Invited commentary.

PMID- 18154780
TI  - Cognitive outcomes five years after not undergoing coronary artery bypass graft
      surgery.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients with coronary artery disease who underwent coronary artery
      bypass graft surgery have a high risk of cognitive decline 5 years after the
      procedure. It is conceivable that this is not caused by the operation, but by
      natural aging. METHODS: Psychologists repeatedly administered a battery of seven
      neuropsychological tests with eight main variables to 112 subjects without known
      coronary artery disease, with a time interval of 5 years. Cognitive decline was
      defined as deterioration in performance beyond normal variation in at least two
      of the eight main variables. The incidence of cognitive decline in the control
      subjects was compared with the incidence of cognitive decline in the 281
      participants of the Octopus Study, who underwent coronary artery bypass graft
      surgery 5 years earlier. Patients and control subjects were age-matched. RESULTS:
      After 5 years, cognitive outcome could be determined in 99 of 112 control
      subjects (88%) and 240 of 281 coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients
      (85%). Cognitive decline was present in 82 (34.2%) of 240 coronary artery bypass
      graft surgery patients and in 16 (16.2%) of 99 control subjects (crude odds
      ratio, 2.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.48 to 4.90). However, after correction
      for differences in age, sex, education, and baseline comorbidity between the
      patients and the control subjects, the odds ratio was 1.37 (95% confidence
      interval, 0.65 to 2.92). CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to demonstrate that patients
      who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery have more cognitive decline
      after 5 years than control subjects without coronary artery disease.

PMID- 18154781
TI  - Invited commentary.

PMID- 18154782
TI  - Comparison of coronary artery bypass grafting with drug-eluting stent
      implantation for the treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The introduction of drug-eluting stents (DESs) has demonstrated
      superiority over the bare metal stent in reducing the incidence of restenosis. We
      investigated the clinical outcomes of DESs versus coronary artery bypass grafting
      (CABG) in a series of patients with multivessel disease. METHODS: Patients with
      multivessel disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with DESs (n
      = 441) or CABG (n = 390) between March 2003 and March 2005 were included. The
      primary outcomes of this study were defined as the absence of major adverse
      cardiac and cerebral events at 12 months, including death from any cause,
      cerebrovascular accidents, acute myocardial infarctions, and repeat
      revascularization after percutaneous coronary intervention with DESs or CABG.
      RESULTS: During 12 months of follow-up, the mortality rate was also not
      significantly different between the two groups (2.1% versus 3.2%, p = 0.170). The
      incidences of composite death, cerebrovascular accident, and acute myocardial
      infarction were not significantly different between groups (2.8% versus 3.9%, p =
      0.180). The rate of overall major adverse cardiac and cerebral events was higher
      in DES group compared with the CABG group (13.0% versus 4.2%, p < 0.001), as
      driven by the higher incidence of myocardial infarction and revascularization.
      CONCLUSIONS: The incidences of death and cerebrovascular event were not
      significantly different between the DES and CABG groups in the patients with
      multivessel disease. However, the overall incidence of major adverse
      cardiovascular and cerebral events seems to be favorable for CABG group even this
      era of DESs.

PMID- 18154783
TI  - Coronary collateral circulation: effect on early and midterm outcomes after off
      pump coronary artery bypass surgery.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic effect of
      coronary collaterals on early and midterm clinical outcomes in patients
      undergoing first time isolated off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery.
      METHODS: Preoperative angiograms from 861 patients were evaluated to assess the
      presence and extent of coronary collaterals (Rentrop classification). Coronary
      collaterals (CC) were present in 485 (56.3%) patients (CC group). Patients with
      coronary collaterals had a higher incidence of preoperative myocardial
      infarction, lower ejection fraction, and higher Parsonnet scores compared with
      patients without coronary collaterals (no-CC group). RESULTS: Coronary
      collaterals were associated with myocardial protection during OPCAB surgery, as
      evidenced by a significantly lower incidence of intraoperative ST-segment changes
      (propensity matched cohort, p = 0.008). No other statistically significant
      differences in in-hospital outcomes were detected between the two groups. Five
      years after surgery patient survival was 84.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 79.4
      to 88.8) in the CC group compared with 89.2% (95% CI 84.4 to 92.6) in the no-CC
      group (p = 0.48). Cardiac-related event-free survival after 5 years was 50.6%
      (95% CI 43.5 to 57.3) in the CC group and 54.5% (95% CI 47.1 to 61.4) in the no
      CC group (p = 0.96), with no significant differences between both groups, before
      or after risk adjustment, or when comparing propensity-matched cohort.
      CONCLUSIONS: Although patients with coronary collaterals had more extensive
      coronary artery disease, poor left ventricular function, and more cardiac risk
      factors than patients without collaterals, the early and midterm clinical outcome
      after OPCAB surgery was comparable between the two groups.

PMID- 18154784
TI  - Invited commentary.

PMID- 18154785
TI  - Heat shock proteins 27, 60, 70, 90alpha, and 20S proteasome in on-pump versus off
      pump coronary artery bypass graft patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The secretion of heat shock protein (HSP) 27, HSP60, HSP70,
      HSP90alpha, 20S proteasome, and their correlations to proinflammatory cytokine
      interleukin-6 is unknown in patients undergoing on-pump versus off-pump coronary
      artery bypass graft (CABG) operation. METHODS: Forty patients were included in
      this explorative study (on- versus off-pump CABG, each n = 20). Serum samples
      were obtained before and 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 24 hours after CABG
      operation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was utilized to determine
      soluble HSP27, 60, 70, and 90alpha, 20S proteasome, and levels of interleukin-6.
      RESULTS: Serum levels of HSP are increased in patients undergoing on-pump CABG
      operation as compared with off-pump CABG technique. These differences were highly
      significant for HSP27, 70, and 90alpha at 60 minutes after initiation of
      cardiopulmonary bypass (all, p < 0.001). Concentrations of soluble 20S proteasome
      were increased 24 hours after operation in on- and off-pump CABG patients (p <
      0.001) and correlated significantly with the serum content of HSP 27, 70, and
      90alpha at 60 minutes after initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (p < 0.001). No
      correlation was found when comparing interleukin-6 levels with intravascular
      leakage of HSP and 20S proteasome after CABG operation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude
      from our data that the innate immune system is activated owing to spillage of
      known immune modulatory and apoptosis-associated proteins after CABG operation.

PMID- 18154786
TI  - Invited commentary.

PMID- 18154787
TI  - Mitral valve disease presentation and surgical outcome in African-American
      patients compared with white patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Disparities associated with race, particularly African-American race,
      in access to medical and surgical care for patients with cardiac disease have
      previously been documented. The purpose of this study was to determine the
      presentation, etiology, and hospital outcome differences between African-American
      patients and white patients with regard to surgically corrected mitral valve
      disease. METHODS: All 1,425 adult patients who underwent first time, isolated
      mitral valvuloplasty or mitral valve replacement by the same group of surgeons at
      New York University Medical Center and Bellevue Hospital Center between 1993 and
      2003 were studied. RESULTS: African Americans (n = 123, 8.6%) were significantly
      younger (45.6 +/- 14.4 versus 60.5 +/- 15.3 years) and had significantly higher
      incidences of diabetes mellitus, renal failure, congestive heart failure,
      endocarditis, and rheumatic mitral disease; whereas whites (n = 1,302, 91.4%)
      more commonly had degenerative mitral disease. African Americans were less likely
      to undergo mitral valvuloplasty. There were no significant differences in the
      incidences of postoperative complications or hospital mortality (2.4% African
      American versus 5.1% white, p = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: African Americans present for
      mitral valve surgery at a significantly younger age than whites and with higher
      incidences of many risk factors. Whether presentation at a significantly earlier
      age in African Americans is a result of failures in primary care or an enhanced
      susceptibility to the process of mitral disease and comorbidities remains to be
      determined. African Americans were less likely to undergo mitral valvuloplasty,
      which may have an effect on long-term outcome. Improved screening in this racial
      group will facilitate earlier referral, increasing the potential for mitral
      valvuloplasty.

PMID- 18154788
TI  - Invited commentary.

PMID- 18154789
TI  - Enlargement of the small aortic root during aortic valve replacement: is there a
      benefit?
AB  - BACKGROUND: Aortic root enlargement (ARE) at the time of aortic valve replacement
      (AVR) is an often proposed but still unproven technique to prevent prosthesis
      patient mismatch. To evaluate the risks and benefits of ARE, we examined the
      outcomes of patients with small aortic roots who underwent AVR with or without
      the use of ARE. METHODS: Patients (n = 712) with small aortic roots who underwent
      AVR were prospectively followed (follow-up, 3,730 patient-years; mean, 5.2 +/-
      4.1 years). All patients had a small aortic annulus that would have led to the
      insertion of an aortic prosthesis of 21 or less in size. Multivariate techniques
      were used to compare outcomes between patients who underwent AVR alone (n = 540)
      versus AVR plus ARE (n = 172). RESULTS: Aortic cross-clamp times were 9.9 minutes
      longer in the AVR+ARE group (p = 0.0002). There were no differences in reopening
      or stroke rates or perioperative mortality (all p = not significant). All
      patients in the AVR-alone group received size 19 to 21 prostheses, whereas 51% of
      the AVR+ARE patients received size 23 prostheses. Postoperative gradients were
      reduced (p < 0.01) and indexed effective orifice areas were larger (p < 0.0001)
      in the AVR+ARE group. While the incidence of postoperative prosthesis-patient
      mismatch (indexed effective orifice area < or = 0.85 cm2/m2) was lower in the
      AVR+ARE group (p < 0.0001), the presence of mismatch did not significantly impact
      long-term outcomes after surgery. The ARE was associated with a trend toward
      better freedom from late congestive heart failure (p = 0.19), but not an
      improvement in long-term survival (p = 0.81). CONCLUSIONS: For patients with
      small aortic roots, ARE at the time of AVR is a safe procedure that reduces
      postoperative gradients and the incidence of prosthesis-patient mismatch.
      However, ARE does not appreciably improve long-term clinical outcomes.

PMID- 18154790
TI  - Invited commentary.

PMID- 18154791
TI  - High-risk aortic valve replacement: are the outcomes as bad as predicted?
AB  - BACKGROUND: Percutaneous aortic valve replacement (PAVR) trials are ongoing in
      patients with an elevated European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation
      (EuroSCOREs), patients believed to have high mortality rates and poor long-term
      prognoses with valve replacement surgery. It is, however, uncertain that the
      EuroSCORE model is well calibrated for such high-risk AVR patients. We evaluated
      EuroSCORE prediction vs a single institution's surgical results in this target
      population. METHODS: From January 1996 through March 2006, 731 patients with
      EuroSCOREs of 7 or higher underwent isolated AVR. In this cohort, 313 (42.8%)
      were septuagenarians, 322 (44.0%) were octogenarians or nonagenarians, 233
      (31.9%) had had previous cardiac procedures, 237 (32.4%) had atheromatous aortas,
      and 127 (17.4%) had cerebrovascular disease. A minimally invasive approach was
      used in 469 (64.2%). Data collection was prospective. Long-term survival was
      computed from the Social Security Death Benefit Index. RESULTS: The mean
      EuroSCORE was 9.7 (median, 10), and the mean logistic EuroSCORE was 17.2%. Actual
      hospital mortality was 7.8% (57 of 731). Multivariate analysis showed ejection
      fraction of less than 0.30 (p = 0.002; odds ratio [OR], 3.13), chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease (p = 0.019; OR, 2.14), and peripheral vascular
      disease (p = 0.048; OR, 2.13) were significant predictors of hospital mortality.
      Complication(s) occurred in 73 patients (9.9%). Freedom from all-cause death
      (including hospital mortality) was 72.4% at 5 years (n = 152). Age (p < 0.001),
      previous cardiac operations (p < 0.014; OR, 1.51), renal failure (p < 0.002; OR,
      2.37), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p < 0.007; OR, 1.30) were
      predictors of worse survival. CONCLUSIONS: Logistic EuroSCORE greatly
      overpredicts mortality in these patients. Five-year survival is good, unlike
      suggestions from earlier EuroSCORE analyses. This raises concern about unknown
      long-term percutaneous prosthesis function. Clinical trials for these patients
      must include randomized surgical controls and have long-term end points.

PMID- 18154792
TI  - Permanent pacemaker implantation after isolated aortic valve replacement:
      incidence, indications, and predictors.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Conducting system defects are common in patients with aortic valve
      disease. Aortic valve replacement may result in further conduction abnormalities
      and necessitate permanent pacemaker implantation (PPM). We sought to identify the
      contemporary incidence and predictors for early postoperative PPM in patients
      undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement. METHODS: Data were analyzed from
      354 consecutive patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement at a
      referral cardiac unit during a 30-month period; data were unavailable on 4
      patients and a further 8 had undergone preoperative PPM. Results for the
      remaining 342 patients (97%; mean age, 67 +/- 14 years), of whom 212 were males,
      are presented. The major indications for aortic valve replacement were valvular
      stenosis (n = 224), regurgitation (n = 70), or infective endocarditis (n = 25).
      Preoperative conducting system disease was present in 26% of patients. RESULTS:
      In-hospital mortality was 1.8% (6 of 342 patients). Postoperatively 29 patients
      (8.5%) required early PPM, of which 26 were during the index admission. Patients
      with preoperative conducting system disease (16% versus 6%; p = 0.004) and
      valvular regurgitation (16% versus 7%; p = 0.01) were more likely to require PPM
      as opposed to those without. Preoperative conducting system disease was the only
      independent predictor of PPM (p < 0.01); the relative risk of PPM requirement in
      this group was 2.88 (95% confidence interval, 1.31 to 6.33). CONCLUSIONS:
      Permanent pacemaker implantation requirement after aortic valve replacement is a
      common occurrence, and should be discussed as part of the preoperative consent
      process. Preexisting conducting disease and preoperative aortic regurgitation
      were predictors of PPM requirement.

PMID- 18154793
TI  - Thoracic aortic arteriosclerosis in patients with degenerative aortic stenosis
      with and without coexisting coronary artery disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The association between the severity of arteriosclerosis in the
      thoracic aorta in patients with isolated aortic stenosis (AS) and with
      concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) has been not evaluated. Therefore, the
      aim of our study was to compare the thoracic aortic atheroma extent and severity
      in patients with severe AS alone and with concomitant CAD by intraoperative
      transesophageal echocardiography. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated
      echocardiograms of 105 consecutive patients with severe degenerative AS who
      underwent aortic valve replacement. Sixty patients had concomitant CAD (AS/CAD)
      on coronary angiography and 45 had no CAD (AS alone). These patients were
      compared with 54 sex- and age-matched patients without AS or CAD. Aortic atheroma
      (localized intimal thickening of >3 mm) prevalence and morphology in three
      segments of aorta were assessed with echocardiography. RESULTS: There were 62
      men, mean age 75.3 +/- 9.4 years. No difference was observed in age, sex, and
      risk factors for arteriosclerosis other than hypercholesterolemia among AS/CAD,
      AS alone, and control groups (88%, 67%, 41%, respectively; p < 0.0001). The
      AS/CAD group had a significantly higher rate of aortic root calcification (68%,
      36%, 26%, respectively; p < 0.0001) and aortic atheroma (ascending aorta [26%,
      20%, 14%, respectively; p = 0.03]; aortic arch [78%, 36%, 30%, respectively; p <
      0.0001]; descending aorta [72%, 42%, 29%, respectively; p < 0.0001]) than AS
      alone or control subjects. Patients with AS/CAD also had more complex atheromas
      in the aortic arch (48%, 20%, 7%, respectively; p < 0.0001). Significant
      differences in extension of aortic arteriosclerosis (presence of plaques in two
      or three segments) were observed among the groups (70%, 31%, 18%, respectively; p
      < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with severe AS and coexisting CAD have more
      extensive arteriosclerotic changes in the thoracic aorta compared with those with
      AS alone and control subjects. Preoperative evaluation of the thoracic aorta and
      more aggressive lipid therapy should be considered in these patients.

PMID- 18154794
TI  - Invited commentary.

PMID- 18154795
TI  - Endangered cerebral blood supply after closure of left subclavian artery:
      postmortem and clinical imaging studies.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess hemodynamic consequences of
      increasingly common coverage of the left subclavian artery (LSA) during
      endovascular stent-graft repair for thoracic aortic disease without surgical
      revascularization. We considered that critical arteries to examine are the right
      vertebral artery and posterior communicating arteries (PComA) because their
      simultaneous insufficiency would drastically endanger posterior cerebral
      circulation. The existence and the diameters of these arteries were studied in a
      postmortem anatomic study with review of clinical craniocervical computed
      tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) angiographies. METHODS: The anatomic
      material was collected as a part of forensic medicine autopsies. The anatomy of
      the cerebral arteries of 92 deceased was assessed by angiography and permanent
      silicone casts. RESULTS: In five individuals (5.4%) the risk for acute
      neurological complication after "unprotected" closure of the LSA was estimated to
      be "substantial" because the diameter of the right vertebral artery above the
      posterior inferior cerebellar artery was less than 2 mm and was associated with
      incomplete PComA and in three additional cases (3.3%) with only hypoplastic right
      vertebral artery, as "possible." Review of a clinical teaching file of MR and CT
      angiographies with anatomic variations and abnormalities of the circle of Willis
      identified, also, other variants with increased risk. CONCLUSIONS: When the LSA
      is closed, insufficient posterior cerebral circulation due to anatomic reasons
      occurs relatively infrequently, but in order to avoid the debilitating
      complications in these cases, careful imaging of the right vertebral artery up to
      the basilar artery is mandatory, and if proven hypoplastic, imaging of PComAs is
      necessary.

PMID- 18154796
TI  - Invited commentary.

PMID- 18154797
TI  - Current effectiveness and risks of isolated septal myectomy for hypertrophic
      obstructive cardiomyopathy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Septal myectomy is the gold-standard therapy for hypertrophic
      obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). However, it is being challenged by a less
      invasive alternative: alcohol septal ablation. This study examined the clinical
      effectiveness and risks of isolated septal myectomy for HOCM. METHODS: From
      January 1994 to January 2005, 323 patients underwent isolated septal myectomy
      (mean age 50 +/- 14 years, 53% male). Preoperative septal thickness was 2.3 +/-
      0.46 cm and peak left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient 68 +/- 43 mm Hg.
      Effectiveness of myectomy was assessed by echocardiography, sudden death, and
      functional limitation, early risks by intraoperative and postoperative
      complications, and late risks by follow-up for HOMC-related reoperation, heart
      block, and all-cause mortality (mean 3.6 +/- 2.8 years, 1,152 patient-years, 10%
      followed > or = 8 years). RESULTS: Myectomy was effective, resulting in sustained
      decrease in septal thickness and LVOT gradient, absence of sudden death, and
      improved functional status. Early in-hospital morbidity was low, with no hospital
      deaths; two iatrogenic ventricular septal defects were repaired uneventfully, and
      22 pacemakers were required for heart block. In the intermediate term, 10
      patients required HOCM-related reoperations (4 redo myectomies, 6 mitral valve
      procedures), with 92% freedom from reoperation at eight years. Seventy-nine
      percent were free of pacemakers by 8 years, and survival was 90%, equivalent to
      that of the general population. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated septal myectomy is
      effective in eliminating LVOT obstruction and sudden death and in improving
      functional status, with low operative morbidity and mortality. Few reoperations
      are required late and outcomes are excellent. It should be considered the
      treatment of choice for HOCM.

PMID- 18154798
TI  - Invited commentary.

PMID- 18154799
TI  - Impact of septal myocardial infarction on outcomes after surgical ventricular
      restoration.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) is classically performed in
      heart failure patients with anteroseptal infarction. It is unknown how the extent
      of septal myocardial infarction (SMI) affects prognosis. We reviewed our
      experience to evaluate the impact of the extent of SMI on outcomes after SVR.
      METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed SVR patients from January 2002 to December
      2005. Patients were stratified based on the extent of SMI assessed by magnetic
      resonance imaging and intraoperative findings; SMI was graded as less than 50%,
      50% to 74%, and 75% or greater of the length or height, or both, of the septum.
      Follow-up was 100%. RESULTS: Seventy-eight patients underwent SVR. Twenty-eight
      patients had less than 50%, 30 patients had 50% to 74%, and 20 patients had 75%
      or greater involvement of the length or height, or both, of the septum. Patients
      with 75% or greater involvement had a significantly lower ejection fraction and
      larger left ventricular volumes preoperatively by magnetic resonance imaging. All
      patients with 75% or greater involvement were New York Heart Association (NYHA)
      class III/IV preoperatively, and 50% (10 of 20) had significant mitral
      regurgitation requiring a concomitant mitral valve procedure. Operative mortality
      was similar between groups. Cardiac function improved and was similar among the
      three groups postoperatively. The PR intervals on electrocardiography were
      similar among the three groups, but did show trends toward longer duration for
      those with more extensive SMI. Preoperative mean QRS duration was significantly
      longer for patients with 75% or greater SMI. Three-year Kaplan-Meier survival was
      also similar among groups; 75% or greater involvement was not a predictor of
      mortality on Cox regression (odds ratio = 1.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.3 to
      7.0; p = 0.6). Three quarters (15 of 20) of patients with 75% or greater
      involvement of the septum improved to NYHA class I/II at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:
      This study has evaluated the impact of the extent of SMI on SVR outcomes. These
      data demonstrate similar survival and significant functional and clinical
      improvement after SVR regardless of the extent of SMI.

PMID- 18154800
TI  - Cardiac surgery in patients on dialysis: decreased 30-day mortality, unchanged
      overall survival.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The risk of cardiac surgery in dialysis-dependent patients is high,
      but little is known about the determinants of survival. We initiated a
      retrospective multicenter study to overcome this limitation. METHODS: Nine
      centers provided data on 522 patients (70% male, aged 61 +/- 11 years) who had
      chronic dialysis-dependent renal failure. A 14-year period was covered. Most
      patients had coronary artery bypass grafting, either with (n = 103) or without (n
      = 326) valve surgery. Multivariable analysis of survival was explored using Cox
      models. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus increased
      significantly (from 17%, 1989 to 1993, to 32%, 2000 to 2003; p = 0.021) and was
      independently associated with 30-day mortality (odds ratio = 3.30, p = 0.001) The
      mean 30-day mortality was 12% (n = 60), but declined significantly during the
      study period (from 28%, 1989 to 1993, to 7%, 2000 to 2003; p = 0.003). The 5-year
      survival probability was 42% (95% confidence interval: 36% to 47%). Patients who
      had renal transplantation during follow-up (n = 17) had the best survival
      probability (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.14, p = 0.007). Sinus rhythm (HR = 0.48, p <
      0.001) and use of internal thoracic artery grafts (HR = 0.67, p = 0.006) proved
      beneficial for long-term survival. Predictors of death during long-term follow-up
      were emergency surgery (HR = 2.25, p = 0.001), diabetes mellitus (HR = 1.46, p =
      0.020), number of allogenic transfusions (HR = 1.03/unit, p = 0.015), and age (HR
      = 1.04/year, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In dialysis-dependent patients, cardiac
      surgery has become significantly safer in recent years, but the overall prognosis
      of the patients remains poor. The observed improvements in the perioperative
      survival do not necessarily translate into an improved long-term prognosis.
      Diabetes mellitus is an important independent risk factor for perioperative
      mortality and death during follow-up.

PMID- 18154801
TI  - Ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass: impact on cytokine response and
      cardiopulmonary function.
AB  - BACKGROUND: A complex inflammatory response associated with the use of
      cardiopulmonary bypass may ultimately lead to organ dysfunction. We investigate
      the effect of continuing ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass on
      inflammatory reactions and cardiopulmonary function. METHODS: Fifty patients
      undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were prospectively randomized to continuous
      ventilation and nonventilation groups. Plasma interleukin-8, interleukin-10,
      matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1, and thromboxane
      B2 levels were measured preoperatively, at 1, 4, and 6 hours after aortic
      declamping. Levels of these mediators were also determined in bronchoalveolar
      lavage preoperatively and four hours after declamping. Seven parameters of
      cardiopulmonary function, including dynamic compliance and systemic vascular
      resistance, were recorded during the same time points. RESULTS: Plasma
      interleukin-10 levels were higher at 6 hours and tissue inhibitor
      metalloproteinase-1 levels were higher at 1 hour after aortic declamping in the
      continuous ventilation compared with the nonventilation group (p = 0.04 and
      0.002, respectively), while bronchoalveolar lavage levels of tissue inhibitor
      metalloproteinase-1 were also higher in the continuous ventilation group 4 hours
      after declamping (p = 0.02). Plasma interleukin-8 levels were higher at 4 hours
      after declamping in the nonventilation group (p = 0.04). Postoperative dynamic
      compliance was better preserved in continuous ventilation patients than
      nonventilation patients at 6 hours after declamping (p = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS:
      Continued ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass results in lesser
      inflammatory and proteolytic responses, and may better preserve pulmonary
      function than cardiopulmonary bypass without ventilation.

PMID- 18154802
TI  - Tricuspid regurgitation in patients undergoing pericardiectomy for constrictive
      pericarditis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) may complicate pericardial constriction;
      however, its incidence, impact on outcome, and appropriate management are not
      defined. METHODS: Between January 1993 and March 2006, 481 adult patients
      underwent pericardiectomy at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Excluding those
      with pericardiectomy for reasons other than constriction, previous tricuspid
      valve surgery, malignant infiltration, and those undergoing other concomitant
      cardiac operations, 261 patients remained for evaluation of echocardiographic TR
      before and after surgery as well as early and late survival. RESULTS: Tricuspid
      regurgitation was present in 71% of patients (185 of 261); in 20% (54 of 261), TR
      was graded moderate or severe. Operative mortality was higher (7 of 54, 13%)
      among those with moderate/severe TR (7 of 54, 13%, versus 9 of 207, 4.3%; p =
      0.019), and by multivariate analysis, moderate/severe TR was an independent
      predictor of late mortality (hazard ratio: 2.9, 95% confidence level: 1.5 to 5.6;
      p < 0.001). After excluding patients with prior radiation, moderate/severe TR was
      no longer a predictor of operative risk, but remained associated with poorer late
      survival (5-year survival 47% with versus 87% without). Among those with
      moderate/severe TR, operative mortality was similar if repair was or was not
      undertaken (2 of 20, 10%, versus 5 of 34, 15%; p = not significant), and late
      survival was not impacted. Without intervention, however, TR improved in only 29%
      (8 of 28). CONCLUSIONS: Tricuspid regurgitation frequently complicates
      constrictive pericarditis, and when moderate or severe, is associated with
      increased mortality. Although valve repair has little impact on late survival, TR
      seldom improves with pericardiectomy alone, and may be considered to reduce
      symptoms, as it can be undertaken without increasing operative risk.

PMID- 18154803
TI  - Fate of the truncal valve in truncus arteriosus.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The fate of the truncal valve (TV) after truncus arteriosus repair
      remains poorly defined. The purpose of this report was to analyze how the TV
      influences outcome of truncus arteriosus repair. METHODS: From January 1986 to
      December 2003, 153 patients underwent complete repair of the truncus arteriosus.
      Median age was 35 days. Preoperative TV insufficiency was absent or trivial in 59
      patients (39%), mild in 72 patients (47%), moderate in 13 patients (8%), and
      severe in 9 patients (6%). The TV was quadricuspid in 36 patients (24 %),
      bicuspid in 10 patients (7%), and tricuspid in the remaining patients. At
      surgery, TV plasty (n = 6) or replacement (n = 3) was associated with truncus
      arteriosus repair. Truncal valve-aorta continuity was restored by patch
      interposition in 27 patients (17%), by conduit in 7 patients (5%), and directly
      in the remaining patients. RESULTS: A 97-month mean follow-up was achieved in all
      survivors. The actuarial survival rates were 81.7% +/- 3.1% and 79.1% +/- 3.3% at
      6 months and 18 years, respectively. Among 85 patients who underwent 113
      reoperations, 19 underwent 24 TV reoperations: 5 isolated TV reinterventions and
      19 associated with right ventricular-pulmonary artery conduit replacement.
      Freedom from TV reoperation was 96%, 82.3%, and 62.7% at 1, 10, and 18 years,
      respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that moderate or severe TV
      insufficiency at initial presentation was a risk factor for late TV reoperation
      but not for early mortality. Initial TV replacement was associated with lower
      survival. CONCLUSIONS: Initial TV insufficiency is associated with higher
      reoperation rate. This condition requires more refined techniques of TV plasty.
      The overall long-term freedom of TV reintervention rate remains within reasonable
      ranges. Truncal valve reintervention presents a low risk for mortality.

PMID- 18154804
TI  - Invited commentary.

PMID- 18154805
TI  - Neoaortic bicuspid valve in arterial switch operation: mid-term follow-up.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We sought to identify the prevalence of bicuspid pulmonary valve
      among patients with transposition of the great arteries undergoing the arterial
      switch operation and evaluate functional integrity of that valve in the neoaortic
      position. METHODS: Between October 1985 and December 2001, 391 patients had an
      arterial switch operation for transposition and its variants. Perioperative
      information and follow-up data were available for 342 patients. The serial
      echocardiograms of patients with bicuspid pulmonary valve were reviewed. The
      neoaortic valve was serially assessed, focusing on aortic insufficiency, annulus
      diameter, and pressure gradients. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients (7%) had a
      bicuspid pulmonary valve. Age at operation was 5 days to 12 years. Two patients
      were lost to follow up, and 22 patients had mean follow-up of 5.3 years (range, 2
      months to 13 years), of which 21 patients were alive and 1 died late. At least
      two postoperative echocardiogram reports were available on 19 patients. Seven
      patients had no neoaortic regurgitation, and 10 had trivial regurgitation. Severe
      aortic regurgitation developed in 1 patient with endocarditis and in another with
      repair of Taussig-Bing anomaly. Neoaortic valve size indexed to body surface area
      showed an increase in annular diameter over time proportional to somatic growth.
      No significant valve stenosis developed. CONCLUSIONS: Encountering a bicuspid
      pulmonary valve at the time of an arterial switch operation is not uncommon. The
      integrity of a bicuspid pulmonary valve in the neoaortic position is maintained
      at a mean follow-up of 5.3 years. We believe that the presence of a bicuspid
      pulmonary valve is not a contraindication to an arterial switch operation.

PMID- 18154806
TI  - Invited commentary.

PMID- 18154807
TI  - Pulmonary blood flow patterns in patients with Fontan circulation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: After Fontan surgery there is no subpulmonary ventricle to modify
      pulmonary blood flow. The influence of the cardiac cycle on pulmonary blood flow
      patterns in various types of Fontan patients is unknown. METHODS: Blood flow
      patterns were investigated using phase-velocity cine magnetic resonance imaging
      in the pulmonary artery of 17 patients (21.1 +/- 7.3 years old, 6 females) with
      Fontan circulation. These patterns were compared with those of 12 healthy
      volunteers (26.3 +/- 6.0 years old, 10 females) obtained in the superior vena
      cava and the main pulmonary artery. Measurements were sampled for a period of
      about 3 minutes to rule out respiratory effects. Blood flow patterns were
      depicted by interpolating the variable number of measured phases in every patient
      to 100 phases and normalizing flow to mean blood flow in that vessel. Then,
      average flow patterns were calculated throughout the patient groups to depict a
      typical pattern. RESULTS: In Fontan patients, peaks and troughs are highly
      variable. In averaged flow patterns for the whole Fontan group, only a slight
      late diastolic flow acceleration could be detected. This is in contrast to the
      pattern of the control subjects in whom typical systolic peaks and late diastolic
      troughs could be found in both the superior vena cava and in the pulmonary
      artery. CONCLUSIONS: There are no typical pulmonary blood flow patterns of
      cardiac origin in patients with Fontan circulation, except for slight late
      diastolic flow acceleration representing diastolic inflow restriction.

PMID- 18154808
TI  - Device closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects with a minimally
      invasive technique in 12 patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Both surgical management and percutaneous device closure of
      perimembranous ventricular septal defects without cardiopulmonary bypass have
      drawbacks and limitations. This report describes the experience with
      intraoperative device closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects
      without cardiopulmonary bypass by a minimally invasive technique. METHODS: Twelve
      patients who had perimembranous ventricular septal defects underwent
      perventricular closure by a minimally invasive incision without cardiopulmonary
      bypass. A subxiphoid minimally invasive incision was performed. The right
      ventricle free wall was punctured, and a guidewire was introduced into the right
      ventricular cavity. A delivery sheath was advanced over the wire and through the
      defect into the left ventricular cavity under the guidance of transesophageal
      echocardiography. The device was released under the guidance of transesophageal
      echocardiography without cardiopulmonary bypass. RESULTS: The procedure was
      successful in the 12 patients. Patients stayed in the intensive care unit 1 day
      and were in the hospital 4 days. At follow-up of 2 to 4 months, there was no
      operative mortality, atrioventricular block, new aortic incompetence, or residual
      shunt. CONCLUSIONS: The minimally invasive technique appeared to be safe and
      efficacious for closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects in the
      operating room with acceptable short-term outcomes.

PMID- 18154809
TI  - Novel approach to right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction using a
      stentless porcine valve.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The use of a stentless aortic bioprosthesis offers the advantages of
      a larger effective valve orifice size, reduced transvalvular gradients, and
      improved hemodynamics versus stented valves. We hypothesized that these features
      would make the Toronto stentless porcine valve a preferred choice for patients
      with congenital abnormalities of the right ventricular outflow tract. METHODS: We
      retrospectively reviewed medical records of 21 patients with tetralogy of Fallot
      who subsequently underwent right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction during
      a 6-year period. RESULTS: The majority of patients received a 29-mm valve (n =
      13), 5 received a 27-mm valve, with 1 each additional implant of a 19-, 22-, and
      23-mm prosthesis. The mean age and weight were 24.5 years (range, 7 to 54 years)
      and 55.6 kg (range, 13.9 to 98.0 kg), respectively. Preoperatively, all patients
      had severe pulmonary insufficiency, mixed with mild to moderate stenosis in 2.
      The duration of postoperative echocardiographic follow-up ranged from 10 to 70
      months (mean, 37.7 months). At the time of most recent follow-up, pulmonary
      insufficiency was graded as zero to trace in 47.4% (9 of 19 patients), mild in
      42.1% (8 of 19 patients), and moderate in 10.5%, with 6 patients (31.6%) having
      concomitant pulmonary stenosis. The most recent mean and peak transvalvular
      gradients averaged 17.4 mm Hg (range, 11 to 24 mm Hg) and 26 mm Hg (range, 13 to
      42 mm Hg), respectively. There have been no valve-related complications or
      explants, with one late death as a result of a noncardiac cause. CONCLUSIONS: The
      stentless porcine valve is well suited for valve replacement in children,
      adolescents, and adults with congenital abnormalities of the right ventricular
      outflow tract, regardless of patient or valve size, particularly when significant
      downstream hemodynamic abnormalities exist.

PMID- 18154810
TI  - Comparison of incisions and outcomes for closure of ventricular septal defects.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Repair of ventricular septal defects (VSD) through a shorter right
      lateral thoracotomy has evolved for 10 years. However, outcomes of this surgery
      and patients' health-related quality of life have not been evaluated so far.
      METHODS: Four hundred eighty-eight patients aged 6 to 15 years who had undergone
      repair of VSD through a right thoracotomy were surveyed (right group) and 185
      patients of the same age were surveyed who had undergone the repair through a
      median sternotomy (median group). Cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross-clamping
      and mechanical ventilation time, amount of drainage, postoperative hospital stay,
      and in-hospital mortality and morbidity were measured as short-term outcomes.
      Symptoms, physical signs, ultrasonic cardiogram, chest film, and
      electrocardiogram were followed up as long-term outcomes; and the patients' TNO
      AZL Children's Quality of Life (TACQOL) were studied to evaluate their health
      related quality of life. The TNO-AZL Children's Quality of Life (TACQOL)
      questionnaire is a 56-item child quality of life questionnaire designed by the
      TNO Institute of Prevention and Health and the Leiden University Hospital (TNO
      AZL). RESULTS: Compared with the median group, the right group's short- and long
      term outcomes were more satisfactory, with less drainage (106.71 +/- 85.20 mL
      versus 146.70 +/- 75.63 mL) and no pigeon chest (0 versus 3). The right group's
      TACQOL were higher than that of the median group in physical complaints (29.58 +/
      2.8 versus 28.07 +/- 2.95), motor functioning (31.23 +/- 1.09 versus 30.53 +/-
      1.60), and cognitive functioning (29.93 +/- 3.22 versus 26.87 +/- 4.24).
      CONCLUSIONS: Repair of VSD through a right thoracotomy can provide more
      satisfactory outcomes and better health-related quality of life.

PMID- 18154811
TI  - Resected synchronous primary malignant lung tumors: a population-based study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Synchronous lung tumors with a histology indicating primary lung
      carcinomas detected preoperatively or at surgery may represent intrapulmonary
      metastases from a primary tumor or two or more simultaneously occurring primary
      tumors. The situation is rare. This study was conducted to assess the
      characteristics and outcome for this patient group. METHODS: All clinical and
      pathology departments in Norway submit standardized reports on cancer patients to
      the Cancer Registry of Norway. The registry also has a law-regulated authority to
      collect supplemental information on diagnosis, treatment, and outcome for all
      cancer patients from hospitals. During the period 1993 to 2000, lung cancer was
      diagnosed in 15,308 patients, of whom 2528 underwent resection in 24 hospitals.
      This investigation included all patients with histology demonstrating primary
      lung carcinoma in more than one tumor in the resected specimen. RESULTS:
      Synchronous malignant tumors were found in 94 patients: 66 had two tumors and the
      remaining 28 had three or more. The tumors were of similar histology in 85 cases.
      The tumors were diagnosed preoperatively in 11 patients and peroperatively or in
      the resected specimen in the other 83. The 5-year relative survival rate was
      31.4% for patients with squamous cell carcinomas, 23.2% for adenocarcinomas, and
      42.7% for patients with tumors of other histology (two carcinoids). CONCLUSIONS:
      Survival in patients with synchronous lung tumors is good compared with
      historical reports on patients with distant metastases or other variants of T4
      tumors; thus, they should be considered for surgery.

PMID- 18154812
TI  - Invited commentary.

PMID- 18154813
TI  - Number of metastatic lymph nodes in resected non-small cell lung cancer predicts
      patient survival.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic significance of
      the number of lymph node metastases compared with the pathologic nodal stage (pN
      category) based on the anatomic extent of lymph node metastases in TNM
      classification of non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: We reviewed 1,081 patients
      who underwent major pulmonary resection and were proven to be pathologic stage I
      through IIIA between 1990 and 2006. Patients were divided into four subgroups (nN
      category) according to the number of metastatic lymph nodes: those without nodal
      metastases were nN0, those with 1 to 3 metastatic lymph nodes were nN1-3, those
      with 4 to 14 were nN4-14, and those with 15 or more were nN > or = 15. RESULTS:
      The nN category followed a significant stepwise deterioration. The 5-year
      survival rate was 69.0% for nN0, 42.9% for nN1-3, 30.0% for nN4-14, and 11.5% for
      nN > or = 15 (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the nN category was a
      significant prognostic indicator similar to the pN category. Hazard ratios versus
      pN0 for pN1 and pN2 were 1.639 and 2.639, respectively, and 1.860, 2.029, and
      4.758 for nN1-3, nN4-14, and nN > or = 15, respectively. The nN category showed
      excellent agreement with the pN category (kappa = 0.723; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:
      We can predict patient prognosis after surgery for non-small cell lung cancer
      according to the number of lymph nodes instead of the anatomic extent of lymph
      node metastases. At minimum, the number of metastatic lymph nodes adds more
      information to the pN category of the current TNM classification system.

PMID- 18154814
TI  - Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in adenocarcinomas with
      bronchioloalveolar components.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has gained importance in non
      small cell lung cancer given impressive responses to agents targeting this
      molecule, particularly in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) and adenocarcinomas,
      mixed subtype, with BAC components (adeno/BAC). This study assesses EGFR
      signaling in these tumors. METHODS: One hundred fifty tumors were classified as
      BAC or adeno/BAC. Tumor marker expression was determined by immunohistochemistry.
      Correlations with expression were examined for all tumors (BAC and adeno/BAC),
      and by BAC and adeno/BAC subset analyses. RESULTS: Positive immunophenotype was
      observed in 40.6% of tumors for EGFR, 51.3% for p-AKT, 58.7% for p-ERK, and 28.0%
      for PTEN, with increased overexpression of EGFR (p = 0.025) and p-AKT (p <
      0.0001) in adeno/BAC. Epidermal growth factor receptor immunophenotype was
      greater in never-smokers (p = 0.008) and correlated with improved overall
      survival (p = 0.018). On subset analysis, EGFR correlated with improved overall
      survival (p = 0.05) and disease-free interval (p = 0.044) only in adeno/BAC.
      Epidermal growth factor receptor independently predicted improved disease-free
      interval in adeno/BAC (p = 0.03; hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval,
      0.23 to 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of EGFR in lung adenocarcinomas with
      components of BAC histology correlate with never-smoker status and improved
      overall survival and disease-free interval. Epidermal growth factor receptor
      immunophenotype may be a useful predictor of clinical outcomes in this tumor
      subset.

PMID- 18154815
TI  - Real-time endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial lymph node aspiration.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Accurate staging of lung cancer requires noninvasive and pathologic
      examination of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, which determines both the treatment
      options and prognosis. The gold standard for mediastinal staging has been
      mediastinoscopy. Other options include video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,
      blind transbronchial needle aspiration, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine
      needle aspiration. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle
      aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has recently been introduced. Here we report the use of
      EBUS-TBNA as a diagnostic modality for mediastinal adenopathy and staging
      modality for lung cancer. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of 152
      consecutive patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA with undiagnosed intrathoracic
      adenopathy or cancer staging as the primary indications. The procedures occurred
      between January 2005 and June 2006 at a single academic medical center. Of the
      152 patients, 117 were included in the final statistical analysis after excluding
      those with benign disease diagnosed by EBUS-TBNA. Rapid on-site cytopathologic
      examination was used in all cases. RESULTS: Malignancy was identified in 113
      patients, of which 67 (59.3%) had non-small cell lung carcinoma, and 20 (17.7%)
      underwent surgical resection. Four patients had benign diagnoses at surgical
      pathology. Only 1 surgical patient was found to have nodal metastasis at a lymph
      node station previously biopsied by EBUS-TBNA (negative predictive value, 97%).
      Compared with radiologic staging, EBUS-TBNA down-staged 18 of 113 (15.9%) and up
      staged 11 (9.7%). Sensitivity was 98.7%, with 100% specificity. No major
      complications were associated with the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: EBUS-TBNA is
      useful in accessing mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes for the diagnosis and
      staging of non-small cell lung cancer and other disorders of the mediastinum.
      Thoracic surgeons and pulmonologists are well positioned to use this tool in
      everyday practice.

PMID- 18154816
TI  - Use of video-assisted thoracic surgery for lobectomy in the elderly results in
      fewer complications.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine if the utilization of
      video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for lobectomy for clinical stage I non
      small cell lung cancer in elderly patients results in decreased complications
      compared with lobectomy by thoracotomy (THOR). METHODS: A retrospective, matched
      case-control study was performed evaluating the perioperative outcomes after
      lobectomy by VATS versus THOR performed in elderly patients (age > or = 70 years)
      at a single institution. All complications were graded according to the National
      Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0
      (http://ctep.cancer.gov/reporting/ctc.html). RESULTS: Between May 1, 2002 and
      December 31, 2005 333 patients (245 THOR, 88 VATS) 70 years old or greater
      underwent lobectomy for clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer. After
      matching based on age, gender, presence of comorbid conditions, and preoperative
      clinical stage, there were 82 patients in each group. Patients had similar
      preoperative characteristics. A VATS approach resulted in a significantly lower
      rate of complications compared with THOR (28% vs 45%, p = 0.04) and a shorter
      median length of stay (5 days, range 2 to 20 vs 6 days, range 2 to 27, p <
      0.001). No patients undergoing VATS lobectomy had higher than grade 2
      complications, whereas 7% of complications in the THOR group were grade 3 or
      higher. There were no perioperative deaths in the VATS patients compared with an
      in-hospital mortality rate of 3.6% (3 of 82) for THOR patients. CONCLUSIONS: A
      VATS approach to lobectomy for clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer in the
      elderly was associated with fewer and overall reduced severity of complications
      as well as a shorter hospital stay compared with thoracotomy.

PMID- 18154817
TI  - Extrapulmonary ventilation for unresponsive severe acute respiratory distress
      syndrome after pulmonary resection.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of
      integrating an artificial, pumpless extracorporeal membrane ventilator (Novalung)
      to near static mechanical ventilation and its efficacy in patients with severe
      postresectional acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) unresponsive to
      optimal conventional treatment. METHODS: Indications were severe postresectional
      and unresponsive acute respiratory distress syndrome, hemodynamic stability, and
      no significant peripheral arterial occlusive disease or heparin-induced
      thrombocytopenia. Management included placement of the arteriovenous femoral
      transcutaneous interventional lung-assist membrane ventilator, lung rest at
      minimal mechanical ventilator settings, and optimization of systemic oxygen
      consumption and delivery. RESULTS: Among 239 pulmonary resections performed
      between 2005 and 2006, 7 patients (2.9%) experienced, 4 +/- 0.8 days after 5
      pneumonectomies and 2 lobectomies, a severe (Murray score, 2.9 +/- 0.3) acute
      respiratory distress syndrome unresponsive to 4 +/- 2 days of conventional
      therapy. The interventional lung-assist membrane ventilator was left in place 4.3
      +/- 2.5 days, and replaced only once for massive clotting. During this time, 29%
      +/- 0.3% or 1.4 +/- 0.36 L/min of the cardiac output perfused the device, without
      hemodynamic impairment. Using a sweep gas flow of 10.7 +/- 3.8 L/min, the device
      allowed an extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal of 255 +/- 31 mL/min, lung(s)
      rest (tidal volume, 2.7 +/- 0.8 mL/kg; respiratory rate, 6 +/- 2 beats/min;
      fraction of inspired oxygen, 0.5 +/- 0.1), early (<24 hours) significant
      improvement of respiratory function, and reduction of plasmatic interleukin-6
      levels (p < 0.001) and Murray score (1.25 +/- 0.1; p < 0.003). All but 1 patient
      (14%) who died of multiorgan failure were weaned from mechanical ventilation 8 +/
      3 days after removal of the interventional lung-assist membrane ventilator, and
      all of them were discharged from the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The integration of
      this device to near static mechanical ventilation of the residual native lung(s)
      is feasible and highly effective in patients with severe and unresponsive acute
      respiratory distress syndrome after pulmonary resection.

PMID- 18154818
TI  - Endobronchial bleeding associated with blunt chest trauma treated by bronchial
      occlusion with a Univent.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Endobronchial bleeding in patients with blunt chest trauma can lead
      to death by suffocation. The conditions leading to bronchial bleeding usually
      require surgical treatment; however, for diffuse lung contusion, conservative
      treatment is possible if the bronchial bleeding can be controlled. METHODS:
      Sites, methods, and outcomes of occlusion of the affected bronchus by
      endobronchial blocker used with a Univent endotracheal tube (Fuji Systems
      Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) in 35 patients (29 men, 6 women; mean age, 26 +/- 13
      years) with diffuse lung contusion, treated from 1988 to 2004, were analyzed.
      RESULTS: The right main bronchus was occluded in 7 patients, left main bronchus
      in 12, intermediate bronchial trunk in 9, and secondary bronchi in 7. Four
      patients who developed hypoxemia underwent differential ventilation. Bronchial
      occlusion was performed 118 +/- 139 minutes after arrival and continued 26 +/- 13
      hours. Twenty-nine patients survived; 1 died of pulmonary abscess and 5 died due
      to brain injury. CONCLUSIONS: Bronchial occlusion should be performed soon after
      trauma in patients with endobronchial bleeding. The Univent has three advantages
      in such patients: (1) it prevents the inflow of blood from the affected bronchus
      into the unaffected lung; (2) the tamponade effect of the endobronchial blocker
      stops bronchial bleeding; and (3) air embolus due to air flowing from the
      bronchus into the pulmonary veins can be prevented. Use of a tube for one-lung
      ventilation with which the trauma surgeon is familiar is advisable. The
      Uniblocker tube (Fuji Systems Corporation) allows occlusion of the affected
      bronchus without reinsertion of a single-lumen tracheal tube.

PMID- 18154819
TI  - Endoscopic ultrasound: accuracy in staging superficial carcinomas of the
      esophagus.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Endoscopic procedures may represent an alternative to esophagectomy
      for superficial neoplasms of the esophagus (T1m/T1sm), but they are considered
      curative only in case of no lymph node involvement. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
      is the most accurate method to define both T and N staging of esophageal
      carcinoma. Aims of the study were to assess the staging accuracy of EUS in
      superficial lesions (T1m and T1sm) of patients who were candidates for
      esophagectomy or local endoscopic resection and to establish which variables
      (site of neoplasm, histologic type, macroscopic appearance) can affect the
      accuracy of EUS in distinguishing between T1m and T1sm lesions. METHODS: The
      study population consisted of 55 patients with superficial carcinoma of the
      esophagus who underwent EUS (October 2002 to January 2007). Endoscopic ultrasound
      features were compared with findings from surgical specimens or samples obtained
      at mucosectomy. RESULTS: There were 33 patients with adenocarcinoma (60%), which
      developed on Barrett's esophagus in 27 cases, 21 patients (38%) with squamous
      cell carcinoma, and 1 (2%) with lymphoepithelial-like carcinoma. All lesions were
      confirmed as T1 on pathology. Of the 22 (40%) T1m lesions on EUS, 19 (86%) were
      confirmed as T1m on pathology; of the 33 T1sm on EUS, 22 (66%) were confirmed as
      T1sm. Positive predictive value of EUS for invasion of the submucosa was 67%,
      negative predictive value 86%, sensitivity 88%, specificity 63%, and diagnostic
      accuracy 75%. The accuracy of EUS in evaluating lymph node metastases was 71%,
      with a negative predictive value of 84%. Endoscopic ultrasound accuracy in
      differentiating mucosal from submucosal lesions increased from the lower
      esophagus or gastroesophageal junction to the mid and upper esophagus (71%, 76%,
      and 100%, respectively; not significant). As for the histologic type, accuracy
      was 70% for adenocarcinoma and 81% for squamous cell carcinoma, (not
      significant); for lesions detected as type 0-IIa (13 patients), accuracy was
      100%; for type 0-I lesions (23 patients), accuracy was 70% (p = 0.03).
      CONCLUSIONS: Despite difficulties in differentiating mucosal from submucosal
      lesions, even with 20-MHz miniprobes, EUS remains an extremely valuable tool when
      nonsurgical treatments are considered. Its staging accuracy depends on site and
      macroscopic appearance of the neoplasm.

PMID- 18154820
TI  - Malignant pleural mesothelioma: surgical management in 285 patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare, aggressive, and deadly
      malignancy. Despite increasing incidence, no treatment modality is accepted
      standard of care. This report analyzes our experience with surgical management of
      mesothelioma. METHODS: All patients with surgery for mesothelioma from January
      1985 through December 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: There were 285
      patients with a median age of 66 years (range, 26 to 91 years). One hundred forty
      six patients (51%) had biopsy only, 73 (26%) had extrapleural pneumonectomy, 34
      (12%) had subtotal parietal pleurectomy, 22 (8%) underwent exploration without
      resection, and 10 (3%) had total pleurectomy. Histopathology was epithelial,
      nonepithelial, and unclassified in 134, 108, and 43 patients, respectively.
      Twenty patients were stage IA, 82 patients were stage IB, 24 patients were stage
      II, 75 patients were stage III, 60 patients were stage IV, and 24 patients were
      of unknown stage. Fifty-three patients (19%) had chemotherapy alone, 16 (5.6%)
      had radiation alone, and 42 (14.7%) had both. Thirty-day operative mortality was
      6.3% and was not significantly associated with the operative procedure (p =
      0.79). Fifty-one percent of extrapleural pneumonectomy patients had major
      complications, significantly greater than patients having any other procedure (p
      < 0.001). Median follow-up was 11 months (range, 0 to 7 years). Overall median
      survival was 10.7 months; however, for patients having extrapleural
      pneumonectomy, median survival was 16 months. One-, 2-, and 3-year survival after
      extrapleural pneumonectomy was 61%, 25%, and 14%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:
      Extrapleural pneumonectomy can be performed with similar 30-day mortality as
      other procedures for malignant pleural mesothelioma with a median survival better
      than subtotal pleurectomy, exploration without resection, and biopsy alone.
      However, extrapleural pneumonectomy has significant morbidity and a 3-year
      survival of only 14%.

PMID- 18154821
TI  - Soluble mesothelin-related peptide level elevation in mesothelioma serum and
      pleural effusions.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP) is a potential marker for
      malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), which may be useful for screening high-risk
      asbestos-exposed individuals. METHODS: We evaluated SMRP in serum from MPM
      patients (n = 90), lung cancer patients (n = 170), age and tobacco-matched
      asbestos-exposed individuals (n = 66), and in MPM pleural effusions (n = 45),
      benign effusions (n = 30), and non-MPM effusions (n = 20) using the MesoMark
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Fujirebio Diagnostics, Malvern, PA).
      Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to define true and false
      positive rates at various cutoffs. RESULTS: Mean serum SMRP levels were higher in
      MPM compared with lung cancer (5.67 +/- 0.82 nM [mean +/- standard error of the
      mean vs 1.99 +/- 0.43 nM, p < 0.001), and stage I MPM SMRP levels (n = 12; 2.09
      +/- 0.41 nM) were significantly higher than those in asbestos-exposed individuals
      (0.99 +/- 0.09 nM, p = 0.02, respectively). Stage 2 to 4 SMRP serum levels were
      significantly higher than those for stage 1 MPM. The area under the ROC curve for
      serum SMRP was 0.81 for differentiating MPM and asbestos-exposed individuals;
      cutoff = 1.9 nM (sensitivity = 60%, specificity = 89%). The MPM pleural effusion
      SMRP was significantly higher than benign or other non-MPM pleural effusions
      (65.57 +/- 11.33 nM vs 27.46 +/- 11.25 nM [p = 0.003] and 18.99 +/- 7.48 nM [p =
      0.044], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These data support SMRP as a promising marker
      for MPM in both serum and pleural effusion fluid, and justify prospective
      screening studies of SMRP in combination with other markers for screening of
      asbestos-exposed cohorts.

PMID- 18154822
TI  - Complete resection is mandatory for tubercular cold abscess of the chest wall.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cold abscess of the chest wall is a rare disease and few literature
      reports detail any treatment experience with a limited patient number. Hence, an
      optimal treatment plan remains controversial. METHODS: We retrospectively
      analyzed patients with cold abscess of the chest wall, focusing on their clinical
      features, surgical results, and the long-term outcome. Eighty patients were
      enrolled between May 1981 and April 2005. There were 35 male and 45 female
      patients, who underwent surgical treatment for cold abscess of the chest wall.
      The mean age of the patients was 31.4 +/- 12.5 (14 to 73) years. Forty patients
      (50.0%) had previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis. A growing chest wall mass
      was present in every patient. Surgical treatments performed were as follows:
      abscess debridement and drainage in 15 (18.8%), complete excision of the abscess
      without chest wall resection in 9 (11.2%), and complete excision of the abscess
      including chest wall in 56 patients (70.0%). RESULTS: There were no cases of
      operative mortality. Operative morbidity developed in four patients; two wound
      infections, one pneumonia, and one prolonged chest tube drainage. Postoperative
      antituberculous medication was given to all patients. Twelve patients (15.0%)
      recurred and required a second operation. The recurrence rate was higher in
      patients where only drainage of the abscess was performed compared with those in
      whom complete resection was performed (40.0% vs 9.2%, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS:
      Cold abscess of the chest wall can be surgically managed successfully with low
      operative risk. Complete resection of the abscess, including a portion of the
      involved chest wall, is mandatory to avoid recurrence.

PMID- 18154823
TI  - Early donor management increases the retrieval rate of lungs for transplantation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation activity is frustrated by donor lung
      availability. We sought to examine the effect of active donor management and
      hormone administration on pulmonary function and yield in cadaveric heart-beating
      potential lung donors. METHODS: We studied 182 potential lung donors (arterial
      oxygen tension [PaO2]/fractional inspired oxygen [FIO2] ratio > or = 230). From
      this group, 60 patients (120 lungs) were allocated, within a randomized trial, to
      receive methylprednisolone (1 g), triiodothyronine (0.8 microg/kg bolus and 0.113
      microg/kg/h infusion), both methylprednisolone and triiodothyronine, or placebo
      as soon as feasible after consent and initial assessment. Trial donors underwent
      protocol-guided optimization of ventilation and hemodynamics, lung water
      assessment, and bronchoscopy. Function was assessed by PaO2/FIO2 ratio,
      extravascular lung water index (EVLWI), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR).
      A nontrial group of 122 donors (244 lungs) received similar management without
      bronchoscopy, pulmonary artery flotation catheter monitoring, or lung water
      assessment. RESULTS: Within the trial, management commenced within a median of 2
      hours (interquartile range, 0.5 to 3.5 hours) of consent and continued for an
      average of 6.9 +/- 1.2 hours. The PaO2/FIO2 ratio deteriorated (p = 0.028) from
      397 +/- 78 (95% CL, 376 to 417) to 359 +/- 126 (95% CL, 328 to 390) and EVLWI
      from 9.7 +/- 4.5 mL/kg (95% CL, 8.6 to 10.9 mL/kg) to 10.8 +/- 5.2 mL/kg (95% CL,
      9.4 to 12.2 mL/kg; p = 0.009). PVR remained unchanged (p = 0.28). At end
      management, 48 of 120 trial lungs (40%) were transplanted versus 66 of 244
      nontrial lungs (27%; p = 0.016). Neither methylprednisolone and triiodothyronine
      nor T3 increased lung yield or affected PaO2/FIO2 or EVLWI; however,
      methylprednisolone attenuated the increase in EVLWI (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS:
      Early active management of lung donors increases yield. Steroid administration
      reduces progressive lung water accumulation.

PMID- 18154824
TI  - Performance of a novel sternal synthesis device after median and faulty
      sternotomy: mechanical test and early clinical experience.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Reinforcement of chest closure may be required in patients with
      multiple risk factors of wound dehiscence. Performance of a light, size-adaptable
      closure reinforcement device (DSS: Sternal Synthesis Device; Mikai SpA, Vicenza,
      Italy) is presented. METHODS: A longitudinal median or paramedian incision was
      performed in artificial sternal models: closure was accomplished with simple
      interrupted steel wires or reinforced with the DSS. Forces required for
      separation of the rewired sternal halves during a monotonic tensile test were
      analyzed. A high velocity traction cycles test was also adopted to simulate the
      impact of coughing. RESULTS: After median incision, ultimate load values inducing
      break of the sternum models were 580 +/- 35 N (Newton) in controls; failure of
      the test occurred at 1,200 +/- 47 N in the reinforced group (p = 0.0002). More
      lateral displacement of sternal halves at increasing forces was observed in
      controls (p = 0.0001). After paramedian incision, ultimate load values inducing
      break of the constructs were lower in controls (220 +/- 20 N vs 500 +/- 25 N, p =
      0.001), which also showed more lateral displacement of sternal halves than the
      reinforced group (p = 0.002). At the high velocity traction cycles test, the
      number of cycles required to break the models was lower in controls (2,250 +/- 35
      vs 3,855 +/- 48 cycles, p = 0.0001). Preliminary clinical experience in 45
      patients showed ease of implantation and low risk of complications. CONCLUSIONS:
      The proposed sternal reinforcement device provides substantial sternal support at
      electromechanical testing after median and faulty sternotomy and may hopefully
      prevent sternal wires migration and bone fractures in high risk patients.

PMID- 18154825
TI  - Invited commentary.

PMID- 18154826
TI  - Is cardiopulmonary exercise testing a useful test before esophagectomy?
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) testing may identify patients at high
      risk of postoperative cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. This study aims to
      assess the utility of CPX testing before esophagectomy. METHODS: Between January
      2004 and October 2006, 78 consecutive patients (64 men) with a median age of 65
      years (range, 40 to 81 years) underwent CPX testing before esophagectomy (50%
      transhiatal; 50% transthoracic). Measured variables included anaerobic threshold
      (AT) and maximum oxygen uptake at peak exercise (VO2peak). Outcome measures were
      postoperative morbidity and mortality, length of hospital stay, and unplanned
      intensive therapy unit admission. RESULTS: Cardiopulmonary complications occurred
      in 33 (42%) patients and noncardiopulmonary complications in 19 (24%). One in
      hospital death (1.3%) occurred, and 13 patients (17%) required an unplanned
      intensive therapy unit admission. The level of VO2peak was significantly lower in
      patients with postoperative cardiopulmonary morbidity (p = 0.04). The area under
      a receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI],
      0.50 to 0.76) for the VO2peak and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.75) for AT. An AT
      cutoff of 11 mL/kg/min was a poor predictor of postoperative cardiopulmonary
      morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Although the VO2peak was significantly lower in those
      patients who developed cardiopulmonary complications, CPX testing is of limited
      value in predicting postoperative cardiopulmonary morbidity in patients
      undergoing esophagectomy.

PMID- 18154827
TI  - Evaluation of a novel epicardial atrial fibrillation treatment system.
AB  - PURPOSE: Surgical and catheter treatments for atrial fibrillation remain invasive
      or ineffective for most patients. A novel system developed to create epicardial
      ablation lesions during beating-heart surgical procedures was evaluated in an in
      vivo ovine model. DESCRIPTION: This novel ablation device integrates
      radiofrequency, suction, and perfusion to create transmural lesions by remaining
      consistently in contact with the irregular and curved surface of the beating
      heart. EVALUATION: Two epicardial ablation patterns were generated in five adult
      sheep: left atrial appendage and left pulmonary vein isolation. The 2-cm and 5-cm
      coagulation devices generated linear and curved lesions and maintained intimate
      contact against the epicardium using suction. Significant increases in bipolar
      pacing thresholds demonstrated trans-lesion conduction block in all animals.
      Histopathologic examination verified transmurality and showed changes normally
      observed after coagulation procedures. All lesions demonstrated mural
      degeneration throughout the lesion. No charring, vaporization, thromboembolic
      events, nor other complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This novel epicardial
      coagulation system successfully created continuous and transmural atrial lesions
      in a beating-heart ovine model.

PMID- 18154828
TI  - Invited commentary.

PMID- 18154829
TI  - A third generation of ascending aorta Dacron graft: preliminary experience.
AB  - PURPOSE: To develop a preassembled biological valved conduit, a Dacron conduit
      was modified to be stored in glutaraldehyde without loss of blood impermeability.
      This study reports the preliminary experience with this "third generation" aortic
      Dacron graft. DESCRIPTION: Eight patients underwent ascending aorta or root
      replacement using the new Triplex prosthetic conduit (Vascutek Terumo,
      Renfrewshire, Scotland) consisting of three layers. The inner layer is a standard
      uncoated woven Dacron graft (DuPont, Wilmington, DE); the outer layer is a
      standard expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft. Both layers are fused together
      by a central layer of self-sealing elastomeric membrane. For its peculiar
      characteristics this graft has unique properties that allow it to be maintained
      in glutaraldehyde solution as well as in various storage solutions. EVALUATION:
      None of the patients died or exhibited any neurologic event. The clinical
      inflammatory response was within the usual postoperative levels. The graft
      appeared slightly stiffer than the standard Dacron graft with similar handling
      and tailoring characteristics. Blood impermeability (even through the suture
      holes) was remarkably high. CONCLUSIONS: This prosthetic graft appeared to
      combine good handling and tailoring characteristics with a striking reduction of
      blood oozing through the fabric and suture hole, even at full heparinization.

PMID- 18154830
TI  - Invited commentary.

PMID- 18154831
TI  - Cold agglutinins in cardiac surgery: management of myocardial protection and
      cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Cold agglutinins are of unique relevance in cardiac surgery because of the use of
      hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Immunoglobulin M autoantibodies to red
      blood cells, which activate at varying levels of hypothermia, can cause
      catastrophic hemagglutination, microvascular thrombosis, or hemolysis. Management
      of CPB and myocardial protection requires individualized planning. We describe a
      case of aortic valve replacement in a patient with high titre cold agglutinins
      and a high thermal amplitude for antibody activation. Normothermic CPB and
      continuous warm blood cardioplegia were successfully used.

PMID- 18154832
TI  - Subannular perforation after long-lasting aortic valve replacement mimicking
      mitral insufficiency.
AB  - We report a rare case of a patient diagnosed with mitral insufficiency grade III
      12 years after mechanical aortic valve replacement. Transesophageal
      echocardiography described an eccentric mitral regurgitation-type systolic jet
      with color flow evidence of communication between left ventricle and atrium.
      Surgical intervention showed a circular defect in the mitral-aortic intervalvular
      fibrosa area, after removal of the mechanical valve, located beneath the
      noncoronary sinus causing the echocardiography-detected mitral insufficiency. A
      pericardial patch was trimmed to the appropriate size, and the defect was closed.
      The aortic valve was replaced by a stented pericardial bioprosthesis.

PMID- 18154833
TI  - Giant left atrial ball thrombus in a patient with chronic nonvalvular atrial
      fibrillation.
AB  - A 56-year-old woman with chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation presented with
      cardiac arrest during magnetic resonance imaging for back pain evaluation. Brain
      magnetic resonance imaging performed after cardiopulmonary resuscitation revealed
      multiple embolic lesions. Transesophageal echocardiography showed a large free
      floating thrombus ball and multiple mural thrombi in the left atrium. In light of
      the high-risk situation, an emergency operation was performed despite the
      occurrence of a fresh stroke within the previous 24 hours. The surgery was
      successful and the postoperative course was uneventful. The patient has been
      doing well since the operation on outpatient follow-up for 8 months.

PMID- 18154834
TI  - Unusual tumor in the left ventricular outflow tract.
AB  - We report an unusual case of a pseudocyst in the left ventricular outflow tract
      in a 58-year-old woman. The cyst was successfully resected by a transatrial
      approach.

PMID- 18154835
TI  - Multiple and repetitive anastomotic pseudoaneurysms with polyarteritis nodosa.
AB  - We report a rare case of a 50-year-old man with multiple and repetitive
      anastomotic pseudoaneurysms associated with polyarteritis nodosa. The
      pseudoaneurysms were located at the aortic root and the ascending aorta.
      Infectious and congenital etiologies, as well as nonbacterial inflammatory
      diseases, were ruled out. Idiopathic aortitis or aortitis due to polyarteritis
      nodosa might fit the case.

PMID- 18154836
TI  - Emergent surgical retrieval of embolized atrial septal defect closure device.
AB  - We present a case of an atrial septal defect closure device that embolized to the
      aortic valve and left main coronary artery ostium, which required emergent
      surgical retrieval in an unstable child.

PMID- 18154837
TI  - Traumatic right paraesophageal hernia after Belsey Mark IV fundoplication.
AB  - We report the case of a 70-year-old woman with a long history of achalasia and
      gastroesophageal reflux disease who presented with an acute right-sided
      paraesophageal hernia after a motor vehicle accident. Six months before the
      accident, she underwent an elective Belsey Mark IV fundoplication to reduce a
      hiatal hernia. The traumatic paraesophageal hernia traversed the diaphragm at a
      weakness opposite the fundoplication. The clinical presentation, surgical
      management, and previous literature are discussed.

PMID- 18154838
TI  - Benign esophagobronchial fistula with and without esophageal obstruction: two
      ends of the surgical spectrum.
AB  - Acquired esophagobronchial fistula (EBF) is uncommon and its surgical remediation
      is challenging. Management depends on the cause, degree of pulmonary involvement,
      and existence of esophageal obstruction. We report management of two EBF cases
      representing extremes of the surgical spectrum. One patient with EBF secondary to
      mediastinal fungal infection underwent pulmonary resection and esophageal repair.
      Another, who was positive for human immunodeficiency virus, required esophageal
      resection and fistula closure, but no pulmonary resection. Successful outcome was
      achieved in both patients.

PMID- 18154840
TI  - Use of baclofen in the treatment of esophageal stent-related hiccups.
AB  - Hiccupping is a characteristic noise caused by a sudden closure of the glottis
      after repeated, involuntary, spasmodic contraction of the respiratory muscles.
      Hiccupping caused by gastric distention, spicy foods, and neural dysfunction
      often resolves itself without any treatment. Some hiccups are associated with
      certain diseases or occur postsurgically, and life-restricting intractable
      hiccups should be treated. The cause of hiccups should be expressly stated for
      treatment. We report a case of inoperable esophagogastric junction tumor with
      hiccupping after esophageal stent that could only be treated with baclofen.

PMID- 18154839
TI  - Ivor Lewis esophagectomy in a patient with enlarged azygos vein: a lesson to
      learn.
AB  - We report the case of a 62-year-old patient with congenital interruption of the
      inferior vena cava and azygos continuation who required transthoracic
      esophagectomy to remove a tumor in the middle esophagus. The consequences of
      dividing an enlarged azygos vein in this kind of patient are reported and
      discussed.

PMID- 18154841
TI  - Acromegaly caused by ectopic growth hormone: a rare manifestation of a bronchial
      carcinoid.
AB  - Ectopic acromegaly due to growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion by a
      bronchial carcinoid is rare. We report a case of bronchial carcinoid presenting
      with acromegaly due to ectopic growth hormone production. The patient was treated
      successfully with right pneumonectomy.

PMID- 18154842
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma in a postpneumonectomy cavity.
AB  - A 55-year-old woman was referred to our department with the diagnosis of a
      bronchopleural fistula and empyema. Her medical history revealed that she had
      undergone a left pneumonectomy 25 years prior due to a destroyed lung associated
      with tuberculosis. Open drainage and a biopsy was performed because of the large
      mass detected on thoracic computed tomography. Postoperative pathology revealed
      squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID- 18154844
TI  - Pulmonary lymphangioma.
AB  - We report on the very rare case of a 49-year-old man with a large solitary
      pulmonary lymphangioma. Rapid growth of the tumor led to dyspnea and pain. A
      chest roentgenogram and computed tomography scan revealed a large 18 x 12-cm
      space-occupying cystic lesion in the posterior mediastinum. The tumor was
      resected by lateral thoracotomy. Histopathology revealed a pulmonary cystic
      lymphangioma.

PMID- 18154843
TI  - Treatment of chylothorax by robotic thoracic duct ligation.
AB  - This is the first report describing the use of robotic technology for the
      treatment of chylothorax. We present a 22-year-old with mixed embryonal cell and
      seminoma germ cell cancer refractory to medical and surgical treatment. The
      patient had rising markers and a growing left lower lung lobe metastasis. After
      left lower lobectomy, left-sided chylothorax developed. Conservative management
      failed, and a robotic right-sided thoracic duct ligation was performed. Other
      treatment options are reviewed.

PMID- 18154845
TI  - An unusual case of a swallowed thermometer perforated in the mediastinum.
AB  - A 39-year-old woman, who was addicted to drugs, was admitted because of referred
      chest pain and dysphagia after deliberate ingestion of a thermometer in a suicide
      attempt 6 hours earlier. Rigid esophagoscopy was unrevealing. On awakening, the
      patient confessed that the thermometer had been swallowed more than a month be
      operated on and get narcotic pain medications. Her history disclosed multiple
      admissions and laparotomies after suicide attempts with swallowed thermometers in
      the last 3 years.

PMID- 18154846
TI  - Calcific bicuspid aortic stenosis: a questionable indication for endovascular
      valve implantation?

PMID- 18154847
TI  - Huge right atrial thrombus 6 years after heart transplantation.

PMID- 18154848
TI  - Three-dimensional imaging of traumatic multiple fractures of the thorax by
      multislice computed tomography.

PMID- 18154849
TI  - Left ventricular outflow tract reconstruction for annular erosion using a
      polyester graft.
AB  - A technique is presented for treatment of annular erosion using a polyester tube
      graft that is sutured to the left ventricular outflow tract below the area of
      erosion. The graft is then everted and sutured to a composite graft.
      Interposition polyester grafts from the coronary arteries are attached to the
      composite graft above the valve.

PMID- 18154850
TI  - Novel technique for aortic arch surgery under mild hypothermia.
AB  - We present our initial experience in 5 patients for open aortic arch repair with
      continuous antegrade perfusion of the brain and of the lower body by means of
      direct cannulation of the right axillary artery and of the descending aorta with
      a venous cannula (DLP 91037 cannula [Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN]) for
      systemic perfusion under mild hypothermia (30 degrees C). This mode of perfusion
      allows safe open repair of the aortic arch, short aortic cross clamping, and CPB
      times associated to all the known advantages of the mild hypothermia; this
      technique could have the potential to be generally applicable in surgeries for
      aortic arch repairs after further evaluation.

PMID- 18154851
TI  - Endovascular repair of an ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm with a septal occluder
      device: mid-term follow-up.
AB  - Ascending pseudoaneurysm is an infrequent complication of ascending aortic
      surgery. Redo operations are often associated with a high surgical morbidity and
      mortality. Endovascular management of ascending aortic pathologies with
      endoluminal graft therapies are challenging due to short landing zones and the
      fear of flow obstruction to the coronaries and brachiocephalic circulation. We
      report mid-term follow-up of the management of an ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm
      using a an Amplatz septal occluder (AGA Medical Corp, Golden Valley, MN) in a 51
      year-old man considered at high risk for conventional open surgical repair.

PMID- 18154852
TI  - Anatomic correction of corrected transposition {I,D,D} using an atrial switch and
      aortic translocation.
AB  - This report demonstrates the feasibility of performing an anatomic correction in
      corrected transposition of the great arteries {I,D,D} with inlet ventricle septal
      defect and subpulmonary obstruction, using aortic translocation combined with a
      modified Senning operation.

PMID- 18154853
TI  - Self-expandable covered metal tracheal type stent for sealing cervical
      anastomotic leak after esophagectomy and gastric pull-up: pitfalls and
      possibilities.
AB  - From January 2003 to June 2006, 6 patients with leakage of the cervical
      esophagogastrostomy after esophagectomy and gastric pull-up underwent endoscopic
      stenting using the self-expandable covered tracheal type device. Anastomotic
      healing was satisfactory. Stent extraction was performed after an average
      interval of 91 days. Initial stent migration occurred in 2 patients and post
      extraction stenosis developed in 3 patients. Insertion of a self-expandable
      covered metal tracheal stent represents a safe approach resulting in immediate
      closure and subsequent healing of cervical anastomotic leakage.

PMID- 18154854
TI  - Perfusion: part of the perioperative blood transfusion and blood conservation
      management team.

PMID- 18154856
TI  - Ventricular assist device implantation and the risk for heparin-induced
      thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 18154858
TI  - Bicuspid aortic valve: about natural history of ascending aorta aneurysms.

PMID- 18154859
TI  - Selection of neurocognitive tests and outcomes of cardiac surgery trials.

PMID- 18154860
TI  - Salivary aldehyde dehydrogenase--reversible oxidation of the enzyme and its
      inhibition by caffeine, investigated using fluorimetric method.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: We have applied fluorimetric method to monitor aldehyde dehydrogenase
      (ALDH*) activity in human saliva samples to study inactivation, reactivation and
      inhibition of the enzyme. DESIGN: Saliva samples were collected to buffer stock
      solution, containing various thiols, and assayed in the presence of the
      fluorogenic substrate 6-dimethylamino-2-naphthaldehyde and NAD(+). Fluorescence
      of the produced 6-dimethylamino-2-naphthalene carboxylate was used to measure the
      reaction rate. RESULTS: Kinetic parameters for the highly fluorogenic substrate,
      6-dimethylamino-2-naphthaldehyde were measured, with apparent K(m) of 7.9 microM
      at pH 7.3. The apparent K(m) for NAD(+) was 1.2 microM. The observed ALDH
      activity is unstable in the absence of thiols, but can be stabilized by 1mM
      glutathione, and inactivated enzyme can be re-activated within 10 min by
      treatment of 0.5 mM DTT. Two-assay procedure was applied to measure degree of
      inactivation of ALDH in saliva samples. It was found that degree of ALDH
      inactivation in fresh samples, stabilized by glutathione, is between 0% and 90%,
      with average value ca. 40%. Caffeine and theophylline were shown to be moderate
      inhibitors of salivary ALDH. CONCLUSIONS: Oxidation of the salivary ALDH in fresh
      saliva may be reliably measured using fluorimetric two-assay procedure.
      Preliminary statistics indicate that in most individuals this enzyme is partially
      inactive. Inhibition of the salivary ALDH by caffeine may have consequences for
      nutrition safety.

PMID- 18154862
TI  - Multidisciplinary approach to cancer treatment: focus on head and neck cancer.
AB  - This article focuses on squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), the
      most common malignancy of the head and neck area. Early detection limits
      morbidity of treatment and increases the chances of a cure. The treatment of
      SCCHN is often multidisciplinary in nature and provides a model for how
      multimodality therapy may be applied for optimal patient management. The role of
      surgery in SCCHN is continually undergoing evolution, and the surgeon's role in
      the multidisciplinary treatment of head and neck cancers has changed as more
      cancers are being treated by chemoradiotherapy. Salvage surgery has become more
      common, and with it the increased challenges in managing metastatic disease to
      neck nodes as well as managing failure of organ preservation treatments. Surgeons
      continue to develop and refine reconstruction techniques to optimize cosmetic and
      functional outcomes.

PMID- 18154863
TI  - Dental treatment planning and management in the patient who has cancer.
AB  - The oral cavity has the potential to be a major source of short-term and long
      term complications from cancer therapy. Appropriate evaluation and elimination of
      potential sources of oral infection before cancer therapy is vital because oral
      bacteria are a known source of bacteremia and septicemia during cancer therapy.
      Cancer diagnosis with previous and planned treatment, past medical history, past
      dental history, current medications, drug allergies, social history, family
      history, laboratory values, extraoral findings, intraoral findings, and
      radiographic findings must all be evaluated in planning dental treatment for
      these complex cases.

PMID- 18154864
TI  - Management of patients who have undergone head and neck cancer therapy.
AB  - Patients who undergo treatment for head and neck cancers often suffer from acute
      or late reactions to therapy. Severity of these oral complications may be based
      on the location and extent of tumor, as well as the type and extent of treatment.
      Some complications are transient, whereas others require a lifetime of management
      secondary to damage that results in permanent dysfunction. Patients who have a
      history of head and neck cancers are also at an increased risk for recurrences or
      second malignancies, and therefore require close follow-up. Dental professionals
      should provide preventive and supportive care, including education and symptom
      management, for patients experiencing oral complications related to cancer
      therapy, and should closely monitor patients' level of distress, ability to cope,
      and treatment response.

PMID- 18154866
TI  - Oral graft-versus-host disease.
AB  - Hematopoietic cell transplantation is used to treat malignancies, hematologic and
      immune deficiency states, marrow failure syndromes, and autoimmune diseases.
      Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a clinical syndrome seen following allogeneic
      transplantation where donorderived immunocompetent T cells and inflammatory
      responses attack host tissues. GVHD can cause significant morbidity and even
      result in mortality. The oral cavity is a frequently involved site with clinical
      changes resembling autoimmune collagen vascular diseases. Recognition, diagnosis,
      and monitoring of oral GVHD can help with diagnosis and grading of GVHD and
      judging responses to therapy. Topical and local management of symptomatic oral
      GVHD can reduce oral symptoms that can interfere with oral function and quality
      of life, and can reduce the need for more intensive immunosuppressive systemic
      therapies.

PMID- 18154865
TI  - Management of oral mucositis in patients who have cancer.
AB  - Oral mucositis is a clinically important and sometimes dose-limiting complication
      of cancer therapy. Mucositis lesions can be painful, affect nutrition and quality
      of life, and have a significant economic impact. The pathogenesis of oral
      mucositis is multifactorial and complex. This review discusses the morbidity,
      economic impact, pathogenesis and clinical course of mucositis. Current clinical
      management of oral mucositis is largely focused on palliative measures such as
      pain management, nutritional support and maintenance of good oral hygiene.
      However, several promising therapeutic agents are in various stages of clinical
      development for the management of oral mucositis. These agents are discussed in
      the context of recently updated evidence-based clinical management guidelines.

PMID- 18154867
TI  - Biophosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws.
AB  - In 2003 and 2004, the first reports of patients who developed necrosis of the
      jawbones while taking biophosphonates appeared in literature; most patients were
      on this drug for treatment of cancer and some osteoporosis. Since then, more than
      500 cases have been identified and the number of these cases continues to grow.
      This article reviews the action of bisphosphonates, the condition called
      bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws, strategies to minimize
      occurrence, and treatment of this condition.

PMID- 18154868
TI  - Management of oral infections in cancer patients.
AB  - The myelosuppressive and mucosal-damaging consequences of cancer and cancer
      therapies place patients at high risk for developing infectious complications.
      Bacterial, fungal, and viral infections are all commonly encountered in the oral
      cavity, contributing to both morbidity and mortality in this patient population.
      Prevention, early and definitive diagnosis, and appropriate management are
      critical to ensure optimal treatment outcomes. With the majority of cancer
      patients treated as outpatients in the community setting, oral health care
      professionals play an important role in managing such infectious complications of
      cancer therapy.

PMID- 18154869
TI  - Considerations in the pediatric population with cancer.
AB  - This article is divided into three time periods according to the different phases
      of cancer treatment: pre, inter, and postcancer therapy. The purpose of dental
      protocols prior to cancer therapy and the incidence and management of acute and
      long term oral complications from cancer therapy in the pediatric population are
      discussed.

PMID- 18154870
TI  - Orofacial pain and neurosensory disorders and dysfunction in cancer patients.
AB  - Orofacial pain and altered nerve sensation may be the initial sign of
      oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal cancer. This article focuses on the most common
      orofacial pain conditions and neurosensory alterations that affect cancer
      patients, such as neuropathic pain, muscle spasm or contractures, mucositis, and
      increased or decreased sensory discrimination in the affected area. The various
      pharmacotherapeutic modalities for cancer pain management ranging from non
      steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for mild pain to opioids for severe
      pain are discussed in detail.

PMID- 18154871
TI  - Oral manifestations of internal malignancy and paraneoplastic syndromes.
AB  - Malignant tumors of visceral organs are a fundamental feature of familial cancer
      and paraneoplastic syndromes. In many instances, the presence of an internal and
      often occult malignancy may be forewarned by various external manifestations.
      Several of these findings are preferentially localized to the head and neck
      region, including the oral cavity proper. This places the dental practitioner in
      a unique position to detect these "markers" of occult neoplastic involvement.
      Because these markers may present before an established syndrome or cancer
      diagnosis, even representing the first expression of disease in some cases, early
      recognition by a dentist may lead to timely diagnosis and management of these
      cancer-associated syndromes.

PMID- 18154872
TI  - Psychosocial and economic impact of cancer.
AB  - This article explores the psychosocial and economic implications of cancer and
      their relevance to the clinician. After a general overview of the topic, the
      authors focus on aspects of particular importance to the dental professional,
      including the psychosocial and economic implications of the oral complications of
      cancer and its therapy, head and neck cancers, and special issues among children
      with cancer and cancer survivors.

PMID- 18154873
TI  - When spiders appear suddenly: spider-phobic patients are distracted by task
      irrelevant spiders.
AB  - Fear is thought to facilitate the detection of threatening stimuli. Few studies
      have examined the effects of task-irrelevant phobic cues in search tasks that do
      not involve semantic categorization. In a combined reaction time and eye-tracking
      experiment we investigated whether peripheral visual cues capture initial
      attention and distract from the execution of goal-directed eye movements. Twenty
      one spider-phobic patients and 21 control participants were instructed to search
      for a color singleton while ignoring task-irrelevant abrupt-onset distractors
      which contained either a small picture of a spider (phobic), a flower (non
      phobic, but similar to spiders in shape), a mushroom (non-phobic, and not similar
      to spiders in shape), or no picture. As expected, patients' reaction times were
      longer on trials with spider distractors. However, eye movements revealed that
      this was not due to attentional capture by spider distractors; patients more
      often fixated on all distractors with pictures, but their reaction times were
      delayed by longer fixation durations on spider distractors. These data do not
      support automatic capture of attention by phobic cues but suggest that phobic
      patients fail to disengage attention from spiders.

PMID- 18154874
TI  - Investigation of the metabolic fate of dihydrocaffeic acid.
AB  - The antioxidant dihydrocaffeic acid is a dietary constituent and a microbial
      metabolite of flavonoids. Orally administered to rats, dihydrocaffeic acid was
      very rapidly absorbed most probably by the gastric or duodenal epithelium and
      excreted in urine as free and conjugated forms. LC-MS2 analysis of plasma and
      urine samples allowed confident identification of the dihydrocaffeic acid
      metabolites. The parent compound was glucuronidated, sulphated or methylated, on
      one of the hydroxyl groups present on its phenyl ring. All the dihydrocaffeic
      acid metabolites peaked in plasma within the first 30min following ingestion,
      suggesting a metabolism possibly by the gastric or duodenal cells and by the
      liver. Using in vitro and ex vivo models of the intestinal epithelium and the
      liver, the identity and source of the metabolites detected in vivo were examined.
      The data obtained suggest that, in rats, intestinal cells are more able to
      glucuronidate dihydrocaffeic acid, whereas liver favours sulphation. Moreover,
      glucuronidation, sulphation and methylation seem to be regio-selective,
      preferably on the 3-OH of dihydrocaffeic acid. The methyl conjugate,
      dihydroferulic acid, was shown to be oxidized into ferulic acid by intestinal and
      hepatic cells, which were also able to perform the reverse reaction, the
      reduction of ferulic acid into dihydroferulic acid. As a conclusion, the main
      form of dihydrocaffeic acid circulating in plasma after its ingestion is a
      mixture of different primary and secondary metabolites.

PMID- 18154885
TI  - Building a pediatric clinical research division.

PMID- 18154886
TI  - How far can prenatal screening go in preventing birth defects?

PMID- 18154887
TI  - The role of the kidney in protecting the brain against cerebral edema and
      neuronal cell swelling.

PMID- 18154888
TI  - Pain still lords over children.

PMID- 18154889
TI  - Research involving wards of the state: protecting particularly vulnerable
      children.

PMID- 18154890
TI  - Prevalence, neonatal characteristics, and first-year mortality of Down syndrome:
      a national study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, neonatal characteristics, and first-year
      mortality in Down syndrome (DS) among children in The Netherlands. STUDY DESIGN:
      The number of DS births registered by the Dutch Paediatric Surveillance Unit
      (DPSU) in 2003 was compared with total live births (reference population) and
      perinatal registrations. RESULTS: The prevalence of DS was 16 per 10,000 live
      births. Compared with the reference population, the 182 children with trisomy 21
      had a gestational age of 38 weeks versus 39.1 weeks (P < .001), a birth weight of
      3119 g versus 3525 g in males (P < .001) and 2901 g versus 3389 g in females (P <
      .001), and mothers with a parity of > or = 4.17% versus 5% (P < .001) and a mean
      age of 33.6 years versus 31 years (P < .001) and 33% (n = 54) > or = 36 years).
      The mean age of DS diagnosis was 10.2 days in nonhospital deliveries and 1.8 days
      in hospital deliveries (P < .001). Children with DS were less often breast-fed (P
      < .05), and 86% (n = 156) were hospitalized after birth. Neonatal and infant
      mortality were higher in DS, 1.65% versus 0.36% (P < .02) and 4% versus 0.48% (P
      < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of DS in The Netherlands
      exceeds previously reported levels and is influenced by the mother's age.
      Neonatal and infant DS mortality have declined, but still exceed those in the
      reference population.

PMID- 18154892
TI  - Is Down syndrome a disappearing birth defect?
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess trends in the prevalence of Down syndrome (DS) from 1986 to
      2004 in Victoria, Australia (population approximately 5 million). STUDY DESIGN:
      The Victorian Birth Defects Register and the Prenatal Diagnosis Database were
      linked to ascertain all cases of DS. Total and birth prevalence estimates were
      calculated per year and presented as 3-year moving averages. RESULTS: The total
      number of cases of DS increased from 113 in 1986 to 188 in 2004. The number of
      births declined over the first decade of the study, particularly in younger
      women, but total numbers have fluctuated between 45 and 60 births since 1996. In
      women under age 35 years, total prevalence was 10/10,000 until 1997 and then
      increased to 12.5/10,000. In older women, total prevalence increased from
      70/10,000 to 90/10,000 in this time frame. Birth prevalence declined at first but
      remained relatively stable in the later years of the study. The proportion of
      cases diagnosed prenatally increased from 3% to 60% in younger women.
      CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the continuing need to devote resources to
      support individuals with DS and their families.

PMID- 18154893
TI  - Time trends in birth incidence of cystic fibrosis in two European areas: data
      from newborn screening programs.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of cystic fibrosis (CF) and its time trends
      over a 16-year period (1990 to 2005) in 2 European regions with a long history of
      newborn screening (NBS) for CF, and to investigate the impact of some external
      factors. STUDY DESIGN: This study focused on data from NBS and prenatal diagnosis
      (PD) in Brittany (western France) and Veneto/Trentino Alto-Adige (northeastern
      Italy). RESULTS: Similar birth incidences of CF were observed in the 2 regions
      (1/3153 vs 1/3540; P = .245). Time trend analysis using Poisson regression
      revealed that the birth incidence decreased significantly in the Italian area
      only (average annual percent change [AAPC] = -4.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI]
      = -7.3 to -2; P = .0008). The use of PD appeared more common in Brittany, and
      considering the terminations of CF-affected fetuses, the adjusted incidence was
      1/2191 in Brittany and 1/3116 in Veneto/Trentino, corresponding to variations of
      30.5% (highly significant; P = .0002) and 12% (not significant; P = .16),
      respectively. Recording the reason for each PD allowed ready assessment of the
      affect of various public health policies on incidence. The affect of population
      mixing also appeared to be relevant in the Italian area. CONCLUSIONS: This study
      highlights how the incidence of CF has evolved in 2 European regions that have
      different attitudes toward PD and immigration policy.

PMID- 18154895
TI  - Incidence of postoperative hyponatremia and complications in critically-ill
      children treated with hypotonic and normotonic solutions.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and clinical consequences of postoperative
      hyponatremia in children. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective analysis of
      postoperative admissions to the pediatric intensive care unit (excluding cardiac,
      neurosurgical, and renal). The incidence of severe (serum sodium < 125 mmol/L or
      symptoms) and moderate (serum sodium < 130 mmol/L) hyponatremia in children
      receiving hypotonic (HT) and normotonic (NT) fluids was calculated. RESULTS: Out
      of a total of 145 children (568 sodium measurements; 116 HT and 29 NT), we
      identified 16 with hyponatremia (11%). The incidences of moderate (10.3% vs 3.4%,
      P = .258) and severe (2.6% vs 0%; P = .881) hyponatremia were not significantly
      different in the HT and NT groups. There were no neurologic sequelae or deaths
      related to hyponatremia. CONCLUSIONS: In our study group, hyponatremia was
      common, but morbidity and death were not observed. Careful monitoring of serum
      sodium level may be responsible for this lack of adverse outcomes. Larger,
      prospective studies are needed to determine whether the incidence of hyponatremia
      differs between the HT and NT groups.

PMID- 18154896
TI  - Opioid use in palliative care of children and young people with cancer.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Identify opioids prescribed, preferred routes, and doses among
      children with incurable cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective survey with monthly
      questionnaires regarding patients 0 to 19 years old from oncology centers. Data
      were collected by professionals on each patient for 6 months or until death, and
      analyzed from patients who died. Impact of tumor was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis
      and Mann-Whitney tests. Major opioid dosages are expressed as oral morphine
      equivalents. RESULTS: Of 185 children recruited, 164 (88 boys, 76 girls) died.
      Mean palliative care duration was 67 days. One hundred forty-seven (89.6%)
      received major opioids. Morphine, diamorphine, and fentanyl were prescribed in
      75%, 57.9%, and 11.6%, respectively. Seventy-three (44.5%) received >1 major
      opioid. Median monthly maximum doses prescribed rose from 2.1 mg/kg/24 h (study
      entry) to 4.4 mg/kg/24 h (death) (P < .001); overall variable (0.09-1500 mg/kg/24
      h, median 3.7 mg/kg/24 h). Opioids were given by the oral (117/164, 71.3%),
      intravenous (68/164, 41.5%), subcutaneous (40, 28%), rectal (20, 12.2%), and
      transdermal (18, 11%) routes. There was a shift to intravenous use as death
      approached. Numbers within each tumor group were too small to show significance.
      Children with solid tumors outside the central nervous system were likely to
      receive more opioids, be given multiple different opioids, and receive opioids in
      the last month. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows the United Kingdom practice of
      opioid use and provides comparator data for practice in children's palliative
      medicine.

PMID- 18154897
TI  - Human body shape index based on an experimentally derived model of human growth.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To test the assumption of geometrically similar growth by developing
      experimentally derived models of human body growth during the age interval of 5
      to 18 years; to use these derived growth models to establish a new human body
      shape index (HBSI) based on natural age-related changes in human body shape
      (HBS); and to compare various metrics of relative body weight (body mass index
      [BMI], ponderal index [PI], and HBSI) in a sample of 5- to 18-year-old children.
      STUDY DESIGN: Nondisabled Polish children (n = 847) participated in this
      descriptive study. To model growth, the best fit between body height (H) and body
      mass (M) was calculated for each sex using the allometric equation M = m(i)
      H(chi). HBSI was calculated separately for girls and boys, using sex-specific
      values for chi and a general HBSI from combined data. The customary BMI and PI
      were calculated and compared with HBSI values. RESULTS: The models of growth were
      M = 13.11H(2.84) (R2 = 0.90) for girls and M = 13.64H(2.68) (R2 = 0.91) for boys.
      HBSI values contained less inherent variability and were less influenced by
      growth (age and height) compared with BMI and PI. CONCLUSIONS: Age-related growth
      during childhood is sex-specific and not geometrically similar. Therefore,
      indices of HBS formulated from experimentally derived models of human growth are
      superior to customary geometric similarity-based indices for characterizing HBS
      in children during the formative growth years.

PMID- 18154898
TI  - Developmental changes in soluble CD40 ligand.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine if soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L; formally CD154) levels
      vary with age and to identify age-dependent ranges in healthy pediatric and adult
      populations. STUDY DESIGN: sCD40L was measured in 25 neonates, 74 children (3
      months-15 years of age) and 20 adults using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
      For age group comparisons, Mann-Whitney tests were performed. Correlation
      coefficients assessed relationships between plasma and serum sCD40L. RESULTS:
      Plasma sCD40L levels were higher in neonates than in all other age groups, (P
      <.001). All grouped pediatric plasma levels were significantly higher than in
      adults (P < .0001). There were no significant differences in plasma sCD40L
      between pediatric age groups. Serum levels were significantly higher in neonates
      than in any other age group (P < .0001). Pediatric and adult serum sCD40L levels
      were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma sCD40L levels are highest
      at birth and remain higher than those in adults throughout childhood. Reasons for
      such developmental changes remain to be investigated. Age-appropriate reference
      ranges should be used when sCD40L is being evaluated in pediatric disorders.

PMID- 18154900
TI  - Therapeutic hypothermia changes the prognostic value of clinical evaluation of
      neonatal encephalopathy.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether therapeutic hypothermia alters the prognostic
      value of clinical grading of neonatal encephalopathy. STUDY DESIGN: This study
      was a secondary analysis of a multicenter study of 234 term infants with neonatal
      encephalopathy randomized to head cooling for 72 hours starting within 6 hours of
      birth, with rectal temperature maintained at 34.5 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C,
      followed by re-warming for 4 hours, or standard care at 37.0 degrees C +/- 0.5
      degrees C. Severity of encephalopathy was measured pre-randomization and on day
      4, after re-warming, in 177 infants; 31 infants died before day 4, and data were
      missing for 10 infants. The primary outcome was death or severe disability at 18
      months of age. RESULTS: Milder pre-randomization encephalopathy, greater
      improvement in encephalopathy from randomization to day 4, and cooling were
      associated with favorable outcome in multivariate binary logistic regression.
      Hypothermia did not affect severity of encephalopathy at day 4, however, in
      infants with moderate encephalopathy at day 4, those treated with hypothermia had
      a significantly higher rate of favorable outcome (31/45 infants, 69%, P = .006)
      compared with standard care (12/33, 36%). CONCLUSION: Infants with moderate
      encephalopathy on day 4 may have a more favorable prognosis after hypothermia
      treatment than expected after standard care.

PMID- 18154901
TI  - Parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in small for gestational age infants.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To identify small for gestational age (SGA) as an independent risk
      factor for parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC). STUDY DESIGN: In a
      case-control study, records of infants treated in the neonatal intensive care
      unit from 1994 through 2003 with gestational ages (GA) < 34 weeks and exposure to
      parenteral nutrition (PN) > or = 7 days were reviewed. The primary outcome was
      the incidence of cholestasis in infants who were SGA. Secondary outcomes included
      PN duration, age at full enteral nutrition (FEN) and incidence of late-onset
      sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
      Analysis was by t test, logistic regression, and chi2 analysis. RESULTS: Cases (n
      = 79) and control subjects (n = 152) had similar birth weights and GA (963 +/-
      465 g versus 1090 +/- 463 g; 27 +/- 2 weeks versus 27 +/- 2 weeks; [mean +/-
      SD]). Of the infants who were SGA, 58% developed cholestasis (OR = 3.3, P < .01).
      Infants with cholestasis achieved FEN later (43 +/- 25 days versus 23 +/- 11
      days) and had higher rates of sepsis (80% versus 34%), NEC (51% versus 7%), and
      BPD (65% versus 25%; P < .01). Of infants with cholestasis, infants who were SGA
      received fewer days of PN than infants who were appropriate for GA (49 +/- 24
      days versus 68 +/- 36 days, P = .024). CONCLUSION: Being SGA is an independent
      risk factor for PNAC. Infants who are SGA require less PN for cholestasis to
      develop.

PMID- 18154902
TI  - Achieving positive protein balance in the immediate postoperative period in
      neonates undergoing abdominal surgery.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine whether neonates undergoing major abdominal surgical
      procedures in the first day of life could achieve a positive protein balance
      without protein toxicity in the immediate perioperative period by using
      parenteral amino acids and fentanyl analgesia. STUDY DESIGN: Newborns undergoing
      major surgery for gastroschisis in the first 24 hours of life (n = 13) were
      alternately allocated to immediate postoperative parenteral administration of 1.5
      g/kg(-1)/day(-1) versus 2.5 g/kg(-1)/day(-1) amino acids. Protein balance was
      determined at 1.6 to 2.6 days postoperatively with both nitrogen balance and
      leucine stable isotope methodology. Statistical analyses were conducted with the
      unpaired t test and linear regression. RESULTS: Protein balance was significantly
      different in the 2 groups with both nitrogen balance and leucine stable isotope
      methodology. There was no evidence of protein toxicity as determined with blood
      urea nitrogen, creatinine, and ammonia concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Neonates
      undergoing the metabolic stress of abdominal surgery shortly after birth are able
      to achieve a net positive protein balance with parenteral amino acid
      administration without evidence of protein intolerance.

PMID- 18154903
TI  - The impact of maternal negative affectivity and general self-efficacy on
      breastfeeding: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the degree to which mothers' prepartum personality traits
      predict breastfeeding status at 6 months postpartum. STUDY DESIGN: This
      prospective cohort study is part of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study,
      conducted at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. A total of 27,753 mothers
      completed assessment of negative affectivity (NA) and general self-efficacy (GSE)
      at gestation weeks 17 and 30 and completed a questionnaire about infant feeding
      at 6 months postpartum. Feeding status was classified with a cutoff at 6 months
      in the categories of predominant breastfeeding, mixed breastfeeding, and bottle
      feeding. RESULTS: After adjusting for maternal smoking, age, education, cesarean
      section, preterm birth, primiparity, and external daycare, NA increased the odds
      of mixed breastfeeding (odds ratio [OR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03
      to 1.32) and bottle feeding (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.53) compared with
      predominant breastfeeding. GSE decreased the odds of bottle feeding (OR, 0.90;
      95% CI, 0.84 to 0.97) but not of mixed breastfeeding (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.92 to
      1.04) compared with predominant breastfeeding. The adjusting variables were also
      predictors of breastfeeding behavior in their own right. CONCLUSIONS: Our results
      show that NA and GSE are important antenatal predictors of breastfeeding status
      at 6 months postpartum.

PMID- 18154904
TI  - Ability of blood pressure to predict left ventricular hypertrophy in children
      with primary hypertension.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine whether casual blood pressure (BP) or ambulatory BP
      monitoring (ABPM) measurements obtained at the initial visit of a child with
      confirmed hypertension (HTN) might predict left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH),
      possibly obviating the need for echocardiography. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a
      cross-sectional study of 184 children aged 3 to 20 years who were referred for
      initial evaluation of elevated BP at 3 tertiary care centers. Casual BP and
      various ambulatory BP variables were analyzed to determine their association with
      LVH, defined after echocardiography by cardiologist diagnosis or a left
      ventricular mass index equal to or greater than the sex-specific 95th percentile.
      RESULTS: A total of 41% of children who had echocardiograms had LVH. Children
      with LVH were significantly more likely to be non-white and have a higher body
      mass index z-score. There was no difference in casual systolic or diastolic BP
      index in children with hypertension who had LVH and children with hypertension
      without LVH. Children with systolic or diastolic BP loads > or = 50% were no more
      likely to have LVH than children with loads < 50%. CONCLUSION: LVH is common in
      children with newly diagnosed HTN. The initial examination of these children
      should include echocardiography, because neither the severity of casual BP
      elevation nor the presence of abnormal ambulatory BP results at initial diagnosis
      are predictive of LVH.

PMID- 18154905
TI  - Evidence of infant blood pressure programming by maternal nutrition during
      pregnancy: a prospective randomized controlled intervention study.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of maternal nutrition during pregnancy on
      infant blood pressure. STUDY DESIGN: Pregnant women (n = 256) were randomized
      into 3 groups: modified dietary intake according to current recommendations and
      probiotics (diet/probiotics), placebo (diet/placebo), and a control/placebo
      group. In the infants born to these women, blood pressure was recorded at age 6
      months using an automated oscillometric DINAMAP R. RESULTS: Despite significant
      differences in maternal dietary intakes between the study groups, the
      intervention focusing on maternal fat intake showed no direct impact on infants'
      blood pressure. Instead, a complex U-shaped interrelationship was uncovered; the
      highest and lowest quartiles of intakes of specific nutrients, carbohydrate (P =
      .006 for systolic pressure and P = .015 for diastolic pressure), and
      monounsaturated fatty acids (P = .029 for diastolic pressure) compared with the
      middle quartiles resulted in higher blood pressure at age 6 months. The pattern
      between maternal carbohydrate intake during pregnancy and infants' blood pressure
      remained significant even after adjustment for breastfeeding and body length. A
      reverse U-shaped trend again was observed between maternal intake of fruits and
      infants' systolic blood pressure (P = .077). CONCLUSION: With a view toward
      programming blood pressure to adulthood, our results suggest an opportunity for
      dietary counseling to promote child health.

PMID- 18154906
TI  - Cardiac conduction disturbance detected in a pediatric population.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To delineate the prevalence and clinical implications of cardiac
      conduction disturbance (CCD) in school-age children. STUDY DESIGN: Between 1999
      and 2001, a citywide survey of 432,166 elementary and high school students had
      been performed in Taipei by questionnaire, electrocardiography,
      phonocardiography, and physical examination. Patients with any abnormalities on
      this survey were referred for final diagnosis. RESULTS: After excluding those
      with congenital heart disease (CHD), the prevalence of CCD was 0.75%, higher in
      males than in females (0.78% vs 0.71%). Incomplete right bundle branch block
      (IRBBB; 0.32%), complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB; 0.11%), ventricular
      premature contraction (0.11%), and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (0.067 %) were
      the most common diagnoses. Second-degree atrioventricular block, IRBBB, CRBBB,
      and intraventricular conduction delay were more common in males; and atrial
      premature contraction was more common in females. The prevalence of CCD increased
      with age, from 0.48% in elementary school students to 0.97% in high school
      students. After detection of CCD, 39 patients with previously undiagnosed atrial
      septal defect (ASD) and 15 high-risk patients were found. The sensitivity of
      IRBBB in screening for ASD was 34.67%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CCD in
      children without CHD was 0.75%. Detection of CCD helped identify patients with
      unrecognized ASD and high-risk cardiac patients.

PMID- 18154907
TI  - A new scoring system for computed tomography of the chest for assessing the
      clinical status of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To develop a new scoring system for computed tomography (CT) of the
      chest for assessing the clinical status of patients with bronchopulmonary
      dysplasia (BPD) in comparison with a modified Edwards roentgenographic scoring
      system. STUDY DESIGN: Preterm infants diagnosed with BPD (n = 42) were assessed
      prospectively by chest CT scan at the time of discharge. Three radiologists
      classified the CT findings into 1 of 3 categories--hyperexpansion, emphysema, or
      fibrous/interstitial abnormalities--and developed a new scoring system. We
      assessed interobserver reproducibility and investigated whether this
      classification system reflected the severity of BPD in these patients. RESULTS:
      The CT scores had acceptable reproducibility (coefficient of correlation [cc] =
      0.721 to 0.839). The subgroup with a more severe form of BPD had a higher CT
      score. The CT score correlated with the clinical score at 36 weeks of
      postmenstrual age (cc = 0.367) and the duration of oxygen therapy (cc = 0.537).
      Patients who were discharged home on oxygen had higher CT scores than patients
      who were not. CONCLUSIONS: The new chest CT scoring system may have higher
      objectivity and accuracy in terms of predischarge assessment of clinical status
      as well as prediction of the prognosis of patients with BPD.

PMID- 18154908
TI  - Effect of levo-thyroxine treatment on weight and body mass index in children with
      acquired hypothyroidism.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine whether normalization of thyroid-stimulating hormone
      (TSH) in children with acquired hypothyroidism is associated with a decrease in
      weight or body mass index (BMI). STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively identified 68
      subjects with acquired hypothyroidism who were seen at least once in our center
      in follow-up between 1995 and 2006. RESULTS: Treatment with levo-thyroxine
      decreased the mean TSH level from 147 microU/mL initially to 5.0 microU/mL at the
      second visit 4.4 months later. This was not associated with a significant change
      in weight or BMI. Of the 68 subjects, 31% lost weight by the second visit (mean
      2.3 kg). The mean initial TSH level of this group was 349 microU/mL. Thirty of
      the 68 children had at least 2 years of follow-up, and 19/68 had at least 4 years
      of follow-up. Over those intervals, weight and BMI percentiles and z scores did
      not change significantly from baseline values. CONCLUSIONS: Most children treated
      for acquired hypothyroidism exhibited little short-term or long-term change in
      weight or BMI despite near-normalization of TSH. Those children who lost weight
      tended to have severe hypothyroidism and to have only a small weight loss.
      Consequently, practitioners should not expect significant decreases in weight
      after treatment in most children with hypothyroidism.

PMID- 18154909
TI  - Folate pathway genetic polymorphisms are related to attention disorders in
      childhood leukemia survivors.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that 5,10-methylenetetrahydroreductase (MTHFR)
      polymorphisms can partially explain the individual variation in developing
      attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) after acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia (ALL) therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Parents of 48 survivors of childhood ALL
      completed a clinical diagnostic process to identify subtypes of ADHD. Genotyping
      was performed with peripheral blood DNA for MTHFR (C677T and A1298C)
      polymorphisms. RESULTS: Eleven of the 48 patients (22.9%) had scores consistent
      with the inattentive symptoms of ADHD. Patients with genotypes related to lower
      folate levels (11 out of 39; 39.2%) were more likely to have ADHD. The A1298C
      genotype appeared to be the predominant linkage to the inattentive symptoms,
      leading to a 7.4-fold increase in diagnosis, compared with a 1.3-fold increase
      for the C677T genotype. Age at diagnosis and sex were not associated with
      inattentiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary data imply a strong relationship
      between MTHFR polymorphisms and the inattentive symptoms of ADHD in survivors of
      childhood ALL.

PMID- 18154910
TI  - Etiology and outcome of acute pancreatitis in infants and toddlers.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiologic factors and outcome of acute pancreatitis
      in children under age 3 years. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective study of
      children under age 3 years with acute pancreatitis between January 1995 and
      December 2004. Stringent diagnostic criteria were used. Demographic and clinical
      data were collected, and etiology and outcome were recorded. The study was
      approved by the University of Pittsburgh's Institutional Review Board. RESULTS:
      Of 109 cases, 87 met the diagnostic criteria. Median age was 20 months (range, 1
      week to 35 months). AP was associated with multisystem disease in 29 cases (34%),
      with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) being common. Pancreatitis was associated
      with systemic infections in 16 cases (18%) and was idiopathic in 15 cases (17%).
      Biliary disease played an important etiologic role (9%), as did trauma (8%).
      Pancreatitis was mild in 76 cases (87.3%) and severe in 3 cases (3.4%).
      CONCLUSIONS: AP is commonly associated with multisystem disease, particularly
      with HUS. Idiopathic pancreatitis and pancreatitis associated with biliary
      disease are seen in children under age 3 years. Trauma is a less frequent cause
      of pancreatitis, and severe pancreatitis is rare in this age group.

PMID- 18154911
TI  - Physical training in children with osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of a physical training program on exercise
      capacity, muscle force, and subjective fatigue levels in patients with mild to
      moderate forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-four
      children with OI type I or IV were randomly assigned to either a 12-week graded
      exercise program or care as usual for 3 months. Exercise capacity and muscle
      force were studied; subjective fatigue, perceived competence, and health-related
      quality of life were secondary outcomes. All outcomes were measured at baseline
      (T = 0), after intervention (T = 1), and after 6 and 9 months (T = 2 and T = 3,
      respectively). RESULTS: After intervention (T = 1), peak oxygen consumption
      (VO2peak), relative VO2peak (VO2peak/kg), maximal working capacity (Wmax), and
      muscle force were significantly improved (17%, 18%, 10%, and 12%, respectively)
      compared with control values. Subjective fatigue decreased borderline
      statistically significantly. Follow-up at T = 2 showed a significant decrease of
      the improvements measured at T = 1 of VO2peak, but VO2peak/kg, Wmax, and
      subjective fatigue showed no significant difference. At T = 3, we found a further
      decrease of the gained improvements. CONCLUSION: A supervised training program
      can improve aerobic capacity and muscle force and reduces levels of subjective
      fatigue in children with OI type I and IV in a safe and effective manner.

PMID- 18154912
TI  - Temper tantrums in healthy versus depressed and disruptive preschoolers: defining
      tantrum behaviors associated with clinical problems.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether differences in the tantrum behaviors of healthy
      versus mood and disruptive disordered preschoolers can be detected. STUDY DESIGN:
      Caregivers of 279 preschool children (3 to 6 years old) completed the Preschool
      Age Psychiatric Assessment (Egger HL, Ascher B, Angold A. Preschool Age
      Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA): version1.1. Durham, NC: Center for Developmental
      Epidemiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University
      Medical Center; 1999), which was used to determine preschoolers' diagnostic
      classification and to measure tantrum behaviors. Preschoolers were placed in 1 of
      4 diagnostic groups, healthy, pure depressed, pure disruptive, and comorbid
      depressed/disruptive, on the basis of the application of Diagnostic and
      Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition algorithms. Parametric and
      non-parametric analyses were used to examine characteristics of children's
      tantrums: intensity, frequency, context, and recovery ability. RESULTS:
      Disruptive preschoolers displayed violence during tantrums significantly more
      often than the depressed and healthy groups. The disruptive group had
      significantly more tantrums at school/daycare than the depressed and healthy
      groups. The disruptive group had a more difficult time recovering from tantrums
      than healthy preschoolers. In addition, depressed preschoolers were more
      aggressive toward objects and other people than healthy children. Finally,
      depressed preschoolers displayed significantly more self-harmful tantrum
      behaviors than preschoolers in the healthy and disruptive groups. CONCLUSION:
      These findings provide preliminary guidelines to parents, teachers, and
      practitioners in identifying tantrum behaviors that may be markers of a
      psychiatric disorder and therefore require mental health referral.

PMID- 18154914
TI  - Newborn girl with massive hepatomegaly, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 18154913
TI  - Bullying and school safety.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To identify an association between involvement in bullying and
      problems in school. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study of 5391
      students in grades 7, 9, and 11 in an urban public school district. The main
      outcome measure was involvement in bullying. Secondary outcomes included
      attendance, grade point average, psychosocial distress, and perceived
      acceptability of carrying guns to school. RESULTS: Of the 5391 children surveyed,
      26% were involved in bullying either as victim, bully, or both (bully-victim).
      All 3 groups were significantly more likely than bystanders to feel unsafe at
      school and sad most days. Victims and bully-victims were more likely to say they
      are "no good." Victims were more likely to feel that they "do not belong" in
      their school. The odds of being a victim (vs a bystander) were 10% lower for
      every 1 point increase in grade point average. Bully-victims were more likely to
      say that it is "not wrong" to take a gun to school. CONCLUSIONS: Associations
      between involvement in bullying and academic achievement, psychological distress,
      and the belief that it is not wrong to take a gun to school reinforce the notion
      that school environment is interrelated with mental health and school success.

PMID- 18154915
TI  - A case of recurrent sterile abscesses following vaccination: delayed
      hypersensitivity to aluminum.

PMID- 18154916
TI  - Natural history of recessive inheritance of DMT1 mutations.
AB  - DMT1 deficiency causes microcytic hypochromic anemia due to decreased erythroid
      iron utilization. Anemia is present from birth. Transferrin saturation is high
      and serum ferritin is mildly elevated, despite liver iron overload. DMT1
      deficiency must be considered in the differential diagnosis of microcytic
      hypochromic anemia observed in the newborn period.

PMID- 18154917
TI  - Down the primrose path: petechiae in a neonate exposed to herbal remedy for
      parturition.

PMID- 18154918
TI  - Oral antibiotics are effective for pyelonephritis in children.

PMID- 18154919
TI  - Not all probiotic preparations are equally effective for diarrhea in children.

PMID- 18154920
TI  - Carvedilol of no clear benefit for systolic heart failure in children.

PMID- 18154921
TI  - Dexamethasone of no benefit in moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis.

PMID- 18154922
TI  - DKA-related cerebral edema and intravenous fluid therapy: potential pitfalls of
      uncontrolled retrospective studies.

PMID- 18154923
TI  - Cerebral edema in diabetic ketoacidosis with serum sodium <135 mEq/L.

PMID- 18154924
TI  - Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis and the risk of cerebral edema.

PMID- 18154926
TI  - Timing differences of signaling response in neuron cultures activated by
      glutamate analogue or free radicals.
AB  - Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity are both involved in the pathogenesis of
      neuronal degenerative diseases like ALS. In order to compare their action, some
      key proteins involved in their respective signaling pathways, particularly ERK
      and p53, were analyzed in primary cultures of cortical neurons subjected to NMDA
      or H(2)O(2) treatment. Early ERK activation was detected after NMDA treatment and
      was maintained during 24 h, but not after H(2)O(2) treatment. Early p53
      expression was also found after NMDA treatment but diminished later. On the other
      hand, it progressively increased from 6 h to 24 h after H(2)O(2) treatment.
      Blocking ERK1/2 activation with the upstream inhibitor U0126 inhibited NMDA
      mediated p53 expression, suggesting that ERK1/2 signals drive the cells to
      apoptosis under these conditions. In order to identify the initial membrane
      target of these neurotoxins, PAK1 was analyzed. Early increase of PAK1 expression
      was measured after NMDA treatment and was still present after 24 h. Conversely
      increased PAK1 expression was only detected 24 h after H(2)O(2) treatment. In
      order to define the components through which NMDA or H(2)O(2) induce the final
      elements of these pathways, p21 and c-jun, we have performed a detailed
      functional analysis of c-jun and p21 promoters following plasmid transfection.
      Both p21 and c-jun were activated after NMDA treatment, but this activation was
      abolished after H(2)O(2) treatment. We conclude that NMDA induces an early effect
      that involves activation of p53, ERK, PAK1, p21 and c-jun. On the other hand,
      H(2)O(2) induces long-term p53 expression, late expression of PAK1 without
      activation of p21 promoter. The timing differences of the action of these
      neurotoxins may explain why the presence of both compounds is needed to induce
      neuronal death.

PMID- 18154927
TI  - Probiotics in surgery.

PMID- 18154928
TI  - POSSUM accurately predicts morbidity for pancreatic resection.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The Physiologic and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of
      Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) is a predictive scoring system for postoperative
      morbidity. While numerous studies validate its application to major abdominal
      surgery, few exclusively consider pancreatic resections, whose unique
      complications are costly and problematic. We examined whether POSSUM could
      accurately reflect clinical and economic outcomes in pancreatic resection.
      METHODS: 326 consecutive pancreatic resections (227 pancreaticoduodenectomies, 87
      distal, 7 central, and 5 total pancreatectomies) were performed between October
      2001 and January 2007. POSSUM score was prospectively calculated for each case,
      and patients were stratified to quintiles of morbidity risk: < or = 20%, 20-40%,
      40-60%, 60-80%, > or = 80%. Actual clinical and economic outcomes were compared
      across the groups. Predictive risk assessment was further evaluated independently
      within each resection type. Logistic regression analysis was performed to
      identify specific POSSUM parameters predictive of postoperative morbidity.
      RESULTS: Observed and Expected morbidity rates were equivalent (53.1% vs 55.5%)
      with an overall O/E ratio of 0.96. Although no patients presented with POSSUM
      scores below 20%, a relatively equal distribution was assigned to the remaining
      risk cohorts. Clinical and economic outcomes progressively worsened with
      escalations in POSSUM scores. Increasing morbidity risk was associated with
      significantly longer hospital stays, higher rates of complications, and more
      blood transfusions, ICU management, and discharge to rehabilitation facilities.
      This had considerable economic impact, as mean hospital costs rose from $19,951
      in the 20-40% risk cohort, to $31,281 in the > or = 80% group. Breakdown by
      operation type demonstrates that POSSUM definitively predicts morbidity following
      both proximal and distal resection, but more accurately forecasts the need for
      ICU management and rehabilitation placement when pancreatoduodenectomy is
      performed. Multivariate analysis revealed that one-half of POSSUM parameters were
      significant contributors for postoperative morbidity, with age, preoperative
      hemoglobin concentration, and intraoperative blood loss demonstrating the
      strongest correlations. CONCLUSION: POSSUM is a valuable perioperative scoring
      system for evaluating variance in pancreatic surgical methods and outcomes, and
      can be employed to guide management decisions that impact postoperative recovery.

PMID- 18154929
TI  - Persisting elevation of C-reactive protein after pancreatic resections can
      indicate developing inflammatory complications.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is an established discriminating
      factor for necrotizing pancreatitis. In this study, the CRP response with respect
      to inflammatory postoperative complications was examined in a large, homogeneous
      series of pancreatic resections in order to define a relevant clinical parameter
      for early detection of inflammatory postoperative complications. METHODS: 688
      consecutive pancreatic resections with jejunal anastomosis were screened for
      inflammatory postoperative complications based on a prospective database. Ninety
      one patients had at least one inflammatory postoperative complication and were
      compared to a subgroup of 60 consecutive patients with uneventful postoperative
      courses. RESULTS: In the postoperative setting after pancreatic resection, CRP
      peaked on postoperative day (POD) 3 with a median serum CRP of 132 mg/L, and
      gradually decreased thereafter in patients with an uncomplicated postoperative
      course. In complicated cases (with the exception of cholangitis), increase in CRP
      was significantly greater, peaked on POD 3 (median CRP 173 mg/L), and persisted
      thereafter, whereas white blood cell count and body temperature did not differ
      significantly from uneventful courses until POD 6. The median day of diagnosis of
      inflammatory postoperative complications was POD 9. A cutoff CRP value of 140
      mg/dL on POD 4 yielded a positive predictive value of 89.1% (adjusted to the
      prevalence of inflammatory postoperative complications: 48.7%) with a specificity
      of 87.1% and a sensitivity of 69.5% for inflammatory postoperative complications.
      CONCLUSION: Persistence of CRP elevation above 140 mg/dL on POD 4 is predictive
      of inflammatory postoperative complications and should prompt an intense clinical
      search for major septic processes (e.g. pancreatic fistula or abscess) if
      pneumonia and wound infection are unlikely or excluded.

PMID- 18154930
TI  - Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas: distinct patterns of onset,
      diagnosis, and prognosis for male versus female patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a distinctive
      pancreatic neoplasm with low metastatic potential. This study examines clinical
      differences and prognosis between male and female patients. METHODS: The medical
      records of 34 consecutive patients with pancreatic solid pseudopapillary
      neoplasms between 1990 and 2006 were reviewed. Whenever feasible, organ
      preserving operation was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using chi
      square and Student t test. RESULTS: There were 27 women (79%) and seven men (21%)
      with median age of 23 years. Mean diameter of the tumor was 7 cm. Tumor size
      tended to be smaller in patients treated in more recent years. Conservative
      surgery was possible in 11 patients including spleen-preserving distal
      pancreatectomy in 3, central pancreatectomy in 5, and enucleation in 3 patients.
      Median hospital stay was 11 days, morbidity rate was 62%, including 17 patients
      with grade A pancreatic fistula, and there was no operative mortality. Mean
      follow-up time was 84 months. Tumor recurred in 2 patients (6%). Overall late
      morbidity rate was 12%. At the time of diagnosis, age was (x +/- SD) higher among
      male patients (25 +/- 2 years vs 37 +/- 7 years; P <.05) with no difference in
      tumor size. The neoplasms were more aggressive in male patients; therefore,
      conservative surgery was less likely. There was no correlation between tumor
      aggressiveness and age of the patient or size of tumor. CONCLUSION: This is the
      first single center study to demonstrate that solid pseudopapillary neoplasms in
      male patients have distinct patterns of onset and aggressiveness when compared
      with female patients. Although valid prognostic criteria are still lacking, it
      appears that male patients may be best treated by more radical operation and
      should be observed more closely during follow-up.

PMID- 18154931
TI  - Papillary thyroid carcinoma with distant metastases: survival predictors and the
      importance of local control.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The presence of distant metastases is the most important predictive
      factor of poor outcomes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Some
      patients have very slow-growing distant metastases with relatively favorable
      outcomes, so predicting prognosis is not easy. Furthermore, many patients with
      distant metastases show locally advanced disease, and no consensus is available
      for operative control of cervical tumor in this situation. METHODS: Among 1023
      patients with PTC who underwent primary thyroidectomy from 1976 to 2002, 42
      patients displayed distant metastases at initial presentation and 44 patients
      developed distant metastases during follow-up. We reviewed the records
      retrospectively of these 86 patients. Mean duration of follow-up after detection
      of distant metastases was 7 years. Our treatment approach for patients with
      locally advanced neoplasms was radical resection including extensive neck
      dissection and extended resection of the involved organs, even when distant
      metastases were present. RESULTS: Disease-specific survival of the 86 patients
      with distant metastases at 5 and 10 years was 65% and 45%, respectively. Using
      multivariate analysis, older age at time of distant metastases detection, distant
      metastases involving sites other than the lung, distant metastases diameter > or
      = 2 cm, presence of large nodal metastases (> or = 3 cm), and a primary neoplasm
      with poorly differentiated components were all predictive of worse prognosis. Our
      aggressive approach allowed curative resection in all but 1 patient, and only 5
      patients (6%) succumbed to local disease. Patients with cervical recurrences
      displayed worse prognosis than those without. CONCLUSIONS: Although the currently
      employed modalities of therapy for distant metastases do not have definitive
      impact on survival, some PTC patients with distant metastases, including younger
      patients with well-differentiated, small lung metastases appear to have
      relatively favorable outcomes. Local operative control of PTC is important even
      in patients with distant metastases, particularly when the distant metastases
      appear to be slow-growing.

PMID- 18154932
TI  - Diagnosis and management of primary aortoenteric fistulas--experience learned
      from eighteen patients.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Misdiagnosis of primary aortoenteric fistula (PAEF) frequently occurs
      in clinical practice owing to the rarity of this condition. Herein we present the
      experience of diagnosis and management for PAEF. METHODS: Eighteen patients with
      PAEF at 2 medical centers in China were reviewed. The clinical data, diagnostic
      procedures, treatment options, and patient outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: The
      fistulas were located at esophagus (5), duodenum (8), jejunum (3), ileum (1), and
      transverse colon (1). The etiologies include atherosclerotic aneurysms and
      foreign body. Typical abdominal triad (pain, upper GI bleeding, and abdominal
      pulsating mass) was found in 27.8% of patients, and Chiari's triad (mid-thoracic
      pain, sentinel hemorrhage, and massive bleeding after a symptom-free interval)
      was present in 3 of 5 cases with thoracic aortoesophageal fistulas. All patients
      had an average of 3.6 (1-9) episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding. The interval
      between the first sentinel hemorrhage and ultimate exsanguination ranged from 5
      hours to 5 months (median, 4 days). Six patients (33.3%) were diagnosed or
      suggested by diagnostic tools including endoscopy, computerized tomography, and
      arteriography. Others were diagnosed by surgical exploration (7) and autopsy (5).
      One to 5 rounds (mean 1.8) of misdiagnosis occurred in 15 patients. Six patients
      recovered from surgery and remained well during a 36-month follow-up. The
      surgical options used included in situ replacement with vascular graft (3),
      aneurysmorraphy and closure of fistula (1), and endovascular stenting (2).
      CONCLUSIONS: A high index of suspicion is necessary for correct diagnosis and
      prompt management of PAEF, especially in patients with aortoiliac aneurysms
      presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding. In situ graft replacement and
      endovascular stent-graft may be the preferred therapeutic options.

PMID- 18154933
TI  - Does the type of carotid artery closure influence the management of recurrent
      carotid artery stenosis? Results of a 6-year prospective comparative study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the results of reoperative
      surgery and carotid artery stenting (CAS) in cases of recurrent carotid artery
      stenosis (RCS) and to compare the results of all RCS (reoperative surgery + CAS)
      with primary carotid endarterectomy (CEA) performed during the study period.
      SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Consensus has not yet been established on the best
      treatment for RCS. Recently CAS has emerged as a potential alternative to carotid
      endarterectomy. METHODS: A 6-year (Jan 2000-Dec 2005) prospective study was
      performed. Eligible patients were those with symptomatic or asymptomatic RCS > or
      = 80% at a preoperative angiography or angio-computed tomography. The carotid
      plaques were classified at a preoperative ultrasonographic scan, according to the
      five type classification proposed by Geroulakos (Br J Surg 1993;80:1274-7).
      Patients with type 1 and 2 carotid plaque were not considered for CAS. RESULTS:
      56 patients were enrolled. Fifteen patients with a type 1-2 plaque underwent
      reoperative surgery, 41 with type 3-4 plaque underwent CAS. In 90.6% of primary
      closure a type 3-4 carotid plaque was found; a type 1-2 was observed in 84.5% of
      the polytetrafluoroethylene patch closure group. No statistical difference for
      the 30-day and the 6 year stroke-free rate was observed; similarly no differences
      emerged between all RCS (reoperative surgery + CAS) performed and primary CEA.
      CONCLUSIONS: CAS is an acceptable alternative to surgery in the management of
      RCS. An accurate patient selection is required. Restenosis after CEA and direct
      closure is mostly associated with fibrous material. In these cases CAS might be
      the best choice.

PMID- 18154934
TI  - Activation of MUC1 mucin expression by bile acids in human esophageal
      adenocarcinomatous cells and tissues is mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3
      kinase.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In esophageal adenocarcinoma, MUC1 mucin expression increases in
      early stages of the carcinogenetic sequence, during which bile reflux has been
      identified as a major carcinogen. However, no link between MUC1 overexpression
      and the presence of bile acids in the reflux has been established so far, and
      molecular mechanisms regulating MUC1 expression during esophageal carcinogenetic
      sequence are unknown. Our aim was to identify (1) the bile acids able to
      upregulate MUC1 expression in esophageal cancer cells and mucosal samples, (2)
      the regulatory regions in MUC1 promoter responsive to bile acids, and (3) the
      signaling pathway(s) involved in this regulation. METHODS: MUC1 mRNA and mucin
      expression were studied by the means of real-time reverse transcriptase
      polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, both in the human
      esophageal OE33 adenocarcinoma cell line and in an ex vivo explant model. MUC1
      promoter was cloned and transcription regulation was studied by transient cell
      transfection to identify the bile acid-responsive regions. Signaling pathways
      involved were identified using specific pharmacologic inhibitors and siRNA
      approach. RESULTS: Taurocholic, taurodeoxycholic, taurochenodeoxycholic,
      glycocholic, sodium glycocholate, and deoxycholic bile acids upregulated MUC1
      mRNA and protein expression. The highest induction was obtained with deoxycholic
      and taurocholic acids in both cellular and explant models. The bile acid-mediated
      upregulation of MUC1 transcription occurs at the promoter level, with responsive
      elements located in the -1472/-234 region of the promoter, and involves the
      phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Bile acids induce
      MUC1 mucin overexpression in human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells and tissues by
      activating its transcription through a process involving phosphatidylinositol 3
      kinase.

PMID- 18154935
TI  - A novel method of 2-channel dual-pulse gastric electrical stimulation improves
      solid gastric emptying in dogs.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is known to improve vomiting
      with short pulses, normalize dysrhythmia with long pulses, and accelerate gastric
      emptying with 2 channels. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a
      new method GES, namely, 2-channel GES with dual pulses on gastric emptying of
      solids as well as gastric dysrhythmia and emetic responses. METHODS: Seven beagle
      dogs implanted with 4 pairs of electrodes were studied. A novel method of GES was
      proposed: 2-channel dual-pulse GES in which each stimulus was composed of a short
      pulse followed with a long pulse, and stimulation was delivered at 2 different
      locations. The study was performed to test the effects of this new method of GES
      on vasopressin-induced delayed gastric emptying of solids, gastric dysrhythmia,
      and emetic responses. RESULTS: (1) Vasopressin-induced gastric dysrhythmia and
      emetic responses, as well as delayed gastric emptying of solids (P < .01). (2)
      Two-channel, but not 1-channel, dual-pulse GES was able to accelerate vasopressin
      induced delayed gastric emptying of solids. (3) Both 1- and 2-channel dual-pulse
      GES was capable of improving dysrhythmia and emetic responses (P < .01).
      CONCLUSIONS: The novel method of 2-channel dual-pulse GES is capable of
      accelerating gastric emptying of solids and improving dysrhythmia and emetic
      responses induced by vasopressin. This new method of GES may have a potential for
      gastroparesis.

PMID- 18154936
TI  - Coordinated, diurnal hexose transporter expression in rat small bowel:
      implications for small bowel resection.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Hexose transporter mRNA and protein levels follow a diurnal rhythm in
      rat jejunum. Their coordinated expression and resultant function throughout the
      small bowel is not well understood. We hypothesized that hexose transporter
      levels and glucose absorption follow a coordinated, site-specific diurnal rhythm
      in rat duodenum and jejunum, but not in ileum. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were
      housed in a strictly maintained, 12-h, light/dark room [light 6 am to 6 pm] with
      free access to water and chow. Mucosa was harvested from duodenum, jejunum, and
      ileum at 3 am, 9 am, 3 pm, and 9 pm, and full thickness 1-cm segments were
      harvested at 9 am, and 9 pm (n = 6 for each segment at each time point). mRNA
      levels were determined by reverse-transcription, real-time polymerase chain
      reaction (n > or = 5), protein levels by semiquantitative Western blotting (n >
      or = 5), and transporter-mediated glucose uptake by everted sleeve technique (n =
      6). RESULTS: mRNA levels of SGLT1 and GLUT5 followed a temporally coordinated,
      diurnal rhythm in all 3 segments (P < .01), while mRNA for GLUT2 and protein
      levels for SGLT1 and GLUT2 varied diurnally only in duodenum and jejunum (P >
      .05) but not in ileum (P > .10). SGLT1 and GLUT5 mRNA induction decreased
      aborally. Baseline SGLT1 and GLUT5 mRNA levels and SLGT1 and GLUT2 protein levels
      did not vary aborally (P > .05 for all). GLUT2 mRNA baseline levels were
      decreased in ileum (P < .01). Glucose uptake varied diurnally in duodenum and
      jejunum with no difference in ileum. Transporter-mediated glucose uptake was
      greater in duodenum and jejunum compared with ileum. CONCLUSION: Regulation of
      hexose absorption in rat small bowel seems to be site-specific and mediated by
      multiple mechanisms.

PMID- 18154937
TI  - Role of beta1-, beta2-, and beta3-adrenoceptors in contractile hypersensitivity
      in a model of small bowel transplantation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Chronic extrinsic denervation induced by small bowel transplantation
      (SBT) results in adrenergic hypersensitivity in rat ileum. This study evaluated
      the role of neuronal and/or muscular beta1-, beta2-, and beta3-adrenoceptor (AR)
      mechanisms on contractility. METHODS: Ileal longitudinal muscle strips from Lewis
      rats (n = 6 rats per group, 8 strips per rat): naive controls (NC), 4 months
      after sham operation (SC) or after syngeneic orthotopic SBT were studied in
      vitro. Spontaneous contractile activity and dose responses (10(-8)-10(-4) mol) to
      isoprenaline (IP), a nonspecific beta-AR agonist were studied with or without
      selective antagonists (10(-5) mol), for beta1- (atenolol), beta2- (ICI 118551),
      or beta3- (SR 59230A) AR subtypes in the presence or absence of tetrodotoxin
      (TTX; 10(-6) mol; nerve blocker). RESULTS: pEC50 (neg log of EC50, which is the
      concentration where 50% of inhibition was observed) of IP was 7.2 +/- 0.2 (mean
      value +/- SEM) in SBT vs 6.3 +/- 0.1 in SC and 6.3 +/- 0.2 in NC (both P < .05 vs
      SBT), reflecting adrenergic hypersensitivity. Beta1- and beta2-AR blockade
      induced a TTX-sensitive right shift of the curve only in SBT and normalized pEC50
      values from 7.2 +/- 0.2 to 6.4 +/- 0.1 and 7.2 +/- 0.2 to 6.6 +/- 0.1,
      respectively (P < .05). Beta3-AR blockade shifted the curve independent of the
      presence of TTX to the right in all groups (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In rat
      ileum, adrenergic inhibition of contractility was dependent on muscular beta3-AR
      pathways, whereas posttransplant hypersensitivity was due to upregulated neuronal
      beta1- and beta2-AR mechanisms that were inactive before SBT.

PMID- 18154939
TI  - Detection of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression in tissue
      and pancreatic juice from pancreatic cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), a catalytic subunit
      of telomerase, is a promising diagnostic candidate for pancreatic cancer. To
      evaluate the feasibility of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the diagnosis of
      pancreatic cancer, hTERT expression and telomerase activity were assayed in
      pancreatic tissues, ex vivo brushing, and pancreatic juice samples with various
      pancreatic diseases. METHODS: Telomerase activity was analyzed using the TRAP
      assay and hTERT was examined by IHC in 85 pancreatic tumor samples, 17 ex vivo
      pancreatic duct brushings, and 27 pancreatic juice samples. RESULTS: In tissue
      samples, telomerase activity was positive in 83% of invasive ductal
      adenocarcinomas (IDCs) when the specificity was set at 100%, while hTERT was
      highly expressed in 88% of IDCs. In intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms
      (IPMNs), the levels of telomerase activity increased gradually during
      progression, while hTERT expression was detectable in 8 of 8 malignant IPMNs and
      1 of 2 borderline IPMNs. In pancreatic juice samples, 10 of 11 IDCs and 3 of 4
      malignant IPMNs expressed hTERT, in which seven samples were not diagnosed as
      malignant on cytologic exam. The diagnoses of pancreatic cancer based on hTERT
      IHC exhibited high rates of sensitivity (87%), specificity (92%), and overall
      accuracy (89%), whereas the sensitivity of cytologic examination was 53%. The
      additional assessment of hTERT expression and telomerase activity could improve
      the sensitivity up to 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that hTERT
      expression in epithelia indicates malignant transformation in pancreatic tumors
      and immunohistochemical detection of hTERT in cells derived from pancreatic juice
      provides a potent method for cancer diagnosis.

PMID- 18154938
TI  - Elderly patients have more severe biliary infections: influence of complement
      killing and induction of TNFalpha production.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Biliary bacteria are more common in elderly patients and cause more
      serious illnesses. The reasons for this are unclear. We noted previously that
      bacterial serum-sensitivity and induction of TNFalpha production in sera
      (iTNFsera) were associated with severe biliary infections. We examined the
      influence of age and these factors on illness severity. METHODS: Three-hundred
      and forty patients were studied. Gallstones and bile were cultured. Illness was
      staged as none (no clinical infection or inflammation), SIRS (fever,
      leukocytosis), severe (cholangitis, abscess, empyema), or MODS (bacteremia,
      hypotension, organ dysfunction/failure). Bacterial serum-sensitivity and TNFalpha
      induction were measured. Younger (< 70 years) and elderly (> or = 70 years)
      patients were compared. RESULTS: Biliary bacteria were more common in elderly
      (64% vs 41%, P < .0001). Among patients with biliary bacteria, the elderly had
      more serious illnesses: none: 44% younger, 19% elderly; SIRS: 16% younger, 22%
      elderly; severe: 22% younger, 21% elderly; MODS 18% younger, 38% elderly (P =
      .003). Bacteria from elderly patients induced more TNFalpha (580 vs 310 pg/ml, P
      = .023). In both groups, serum-sensitive bacteria caused infectious
      manifestations and induced abundant TNFalpha; however, serum-resistant bacteria
      from elderly usually (69%) caused infectious manifestations and abundant
      TNFalpha, while serum-resistant bacteria from younger patients rarely (8%) caused
      infectious manifestations and minimal TNFalpha. Elderly patients with high
      iTNFsera bacteria had more severe illnesses. CONCLUSIONS: Biliary bacteria were
      more common in elderly patients and produced more serious illnesses. Many younger
      patients with biliary bacteria displayed no infectious manifestations. Elderly
      patients harbored more virulent bacteria, and had a heightened response to high
      iTNFsera bacteria, as well as bacteria largely tolerated by younger patients.

PMID- 18154940
TI  - Development of reproducible histologic injury severity scores: skeletal muscle
      reperfusion injury.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Ischemia-reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle is a common clinical
      and experimental problem. To date, there has been no uniform and reproducible
      method to assess the extent of histologic injury. In this study, we developed a
      novel statistical methodology for evaluating injury in individual myocytes and 3
      distinct methods for the interpretation of this data. METHODS: C57/BL6 mice
      underwent 2 h of hindlimb ischemia followed by reperfusion for 3 (n = 11), 24 (n
      = 12), or 48 (n = 10) h. The gastrocnemius muscles were harvested, stained, and
      evaluated under microscopy. Standardized criteria were applied to score
      individual myocytes as healthy or injured, and injury score was expressed as
      injured fibers/total fibers %. Three methods of analyzing myocyte data were
      developed and evaluated with statistical Block-Random Sampling to determine the
      number of counted fibers required to represent accurately the total injury. The
      Full-Frame Counting, Fourfold Divided Counting, and Stratified Individual
      Counting methods differ in the random order in which fibers or microscopic fields
      are scored. RESULTS: The 3 methods were found to be statistically sound at all
      experimental time points. Using the Full-Frame, Fourfold, and Stratified methods,
      the maximum number of required fibers at all time points was 600, 300, and 100,
      respectively, to obtain an estimation of injury with a 95% confidence interval.
      CONCLUSIONS: These criteria and statistical methods for histologic evaluation of
      ischemia-reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle are accurate and reproducible. The
      Fourfold method is the most practical and technically efficient method of
      assessing injury. Such a quantitative, direct assessment of injury is important
      and will be useful for future studies.

PMID- 18154941
TI  - Results in a consecutive series of 83 surgical corrections of symptomatic
      stenotic kinking of the internal carotid artery.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although there is a growing body of evidence to document the safety
      and efficacy of operative treatment of carotid stenosis, surgical indications for
      elongation and kinking of the internal carotid artery remain controversial. The
      goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of surgical correction of
      internal carotid artery kinking in patients with persistent hemispheric symptoms
      despite antiplatelet therapy. METHODS: A consecutive series of 81 patients (mean
      age, 64 years) underwent 83 surgical procedures to correct kinking of the
      internal carotid artery either by shortening and reimplanting the vessel on the
      common carotid artery, inserting a bypass graft, or transposing the vessel onto
      the external carotid artery. Mean follow-up was 56 months (range, 15-135 months).
      Study endpoints were 30-day mortality and any stroke occurring during follow-up.
      RESULTS: No postoperative death was observed. The postoperative stroke rate was
      1%. Primary patency, freedom from neurologic symptoms, and late survival at 5
      years (x +/- standard deviation) were 89 +/- 4.1%, 92 +/- 4%, and 71 +/- 6%,
      respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate that surgical
      correction for symptomatic stenotic kinking of the internal carotid artery is
      safe and effective in relieving symptoms and preventing stroke. Operative
      correction should be considered as the standard treatment for patients with
      symptomatic carotid kinking that does not respond to antiplatelet therapy.

PMID- 18154942
TI  - Implicit motor learning in surgery: implications for multi-tasking.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Implicitly learned motor skills are characterized by minimal
      conscious knowledge of the movements involved and stable performance despite
      stress, fatigue, or multi-tasking. In contrast, explicitly learned motor skills
      are characterized by conscious knowledge of the movements and performance that
      tends to be less stable under stress, fatigue, and multi-tasking. We examined the
      acquisition of a basic surgical skill in three observational learning treatment
      conditions designed to accomplish implicit or explicit motor learning. We then
      tested performance in conditions that emulated multi-tasking in the operating
      theater. Our intention was to elaborate current understanding of implicit and
      explicit processes that underpin observational learning in the surgical
      environment. METHODS: Thirty-six novice adults were assigned randomly to an
      observation-only, an instructed-observation, or a guided-observation treatment
      condition, in which they learned to perform a suturing and knot-tying task in a
      Learning Phase. Their performance during multi-tasking was then assessed
      objectively by motion analysis during a Test Phase. RESULTS: In the Learning
      Phase, performance improved equally in the treatment conditions throughout
      learning, with participants using fewer hand movements and completing the task
      more quickly. Participants in the observation-only and the guided-observation
      treatment condition, however, reported significantly less movement-related
      knowledge than participants in the instructed-observation condition. In the Test
      Phase, participants in the instructed-observation condition exhibited slower
      completion times and more hand movements when they were required to multi-task,
      whereas in the observation-only and the guided-observation treatment condition,
      participants showed stable performance. CONCLUSIONS: A surgical skill that is
      learned by observation alone or by observation accompanied by guidance to reduce
      the number of errors that are committed tends to be learned implicitly and to
      have stable performance during multi-tasking. The efficacy of observation for
      acquiring technical skills implies that, at least for some skills, verbal
      instructions may not be necessary.

PMID- 18154943
TI  - Aladar Petz, the inventor of the modern surgical staplers.

PMID- 18154944
TI  - Multiple small-bowel intussusceptions caused by metastatic lung cancers.

PMID- 18154945
TI  - Evaluation of cross-linked poly gamma-glutamic acid and Interceed in a rat
      adhesion model.

PMID- 18154946
TI  - Otolaryngology and the American Association of Endocrine Surgery: time for a
      change.

PMID- 18154948
TI  - Mtx2 directs zebrafish morphogenetic movements during epiboly by regulating
      microfilament formation.
AB  - The homeobox transcription factor Mtx2 is essential for epiboly, the first
      morphogenetic movement of gastrulation in zebrafish. Morpholino knockdown of Mtx2
      results in stalling of epiboly and lysis due to yolk rupture. However, the
      mechanism of Mtx2 action is unknown. The role of mtx2 is surprising as most
      mix/bix family genes are thought to have roles in mesendoderm specification.
      Using a transgenic sox17-promoter driven EGFP line, we show that Mtx2 is not
      required for endoderm specification but is required for correct morphogenetic
      movements of endoderm and axial mesoderm. During normal zebrafish development,
      mtx2 is expressed at both the blastoderm margin and in the zebrafish equivalent
      of visceral endoderm, the extra-embryonic yolk syncytial layer (YSL). We show
      that formation of the YSL is not Mtx2 dependent, but that Mtx2 directs spatial
      arrangement of YSL nuclei. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Mtx2 knockdown
      results in loss of the YSL F-actin ring, a microfilament structure previously
      shown to be necessary for epiboly progression. In summary, we propose that Mtx2
      acts within the YSL to regulate morphogenetic movements of both embryonic and
      extra-embryonic tissues, independently of cell fate specification.

PMID- 18154949
TI  - Torasemide, a long-acting loop diuretic, reduces the progression of myocarditis
      to dilated cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Torasemide is a long-acting loop diuretic that combines the effects of both
      furosemide and spironolactone. It has been reported that torasemide may block the
      renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and therefore it might attenuate myocardial
      remodeling accompanied by left ventricular dysfunction. However, nothing is known
      about the effect of torasemide on myocardial remodeling in a rat model in which
      myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis might develop into dilated
      cardiomyopathy. Experimental autoimmune myocarditis was elicited in Lewis rats by
      immunization with porcine cardiac myosin. Twenty-eight days after immunization,
      we investigated the effects of torasemide on metabolic and neurohumoral
      parameters, cardiac fibrosis and remodeling in experimental autoimmune
      myocarditis rats. Diuresis was increased dose-dependently by torasemide; the
      urinary potassium and sodium excretion was significantly decreased and increased,
      respectively. Myocardial functional parameters measured by hemodynamic and
      echocardiographic studies were significantly improved by torasemide treatment in
      a dose-dependent manner. The area of fibrosis, myocyte size and the myocardial
      protein levels of transforming growth factor-beta1, collagen III, and aldosterone
      synthase were significantly decreased, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+
      ATPase2 protein level was significantly increased by torasemide treatment.
      Moreover, the plasma levels of angiotensin II and aldosterone were increased and
      atrial natriuretic peptide was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Our results
      indicate that torasemide treatment significantly improved left ventricular
      function and ameliorated the progression of cardiac remodeling beyond its renal
      effects in rats with chronic heart failure after experimental autoimmune
      myocarditis.

PMID- 18154950
TI  - Oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in the liver after
      hypoxia and reoxygenation with 21% or 100% oxygen in newborn piglets.
AB  - We designed a randomized controlled study to identify and compare the liver
      tissue responses in systemic hypoxia and resuscitation with 21% and 100% oxygen
      using an animal model of neonatal hypoxia and reoxygenation. Twenty-seven piglets
      (1-3 days old, weight 1.5-2.0 kg) were acutely instrumented and mechanically
      ventilated. The animals underwent 2 h of normocapnic alveolar hypoxia (10-15%
      oxygen) then reoxygenation with 21% or 100% oxygen for 1 h, then 1 h with 21%
      oxygen. Controls were sham-operated without hypoxia-reoxygenation. After 2 h of
      reoxygenation liver tissue samples were immediately processed for histological
      and biochemical analyses of markers of oxidative stress and tissue injury. Two
      hours of hypoxia caused a significant reduction in mean arterial pressure with
      cardiogenic shock and metabolic acidemia, with similar recovery upon
      resuscitation with 21% and 100% oxygen. After 2 h of reoxygenation, the hepatic
      GSSG:total glutathione ratio and matrix metalloproteninase-9 activity, which
      correlated with the portal venous oxygenation at 15 min of reoxygenation, were
      greater in the 100% group and hepatic lactate level was higher in the 21% group
      than the controls (all P<0.05). Both hypoxic-reoxygenated groups had similarly
      elevated hepatic Bcl-2 levels. Apart from more non-distinct mitochondria
      identified in the 100% group, hepatic tissue adenylate energy charge and plasma
      transaminases levels did not differ among groups. We concluded that in this acute
      model of neonatal hypoxia and reoxygenation, resuscitation using 21% oxygen
      avoids the excess oxidative stress and elevated matrix metalloproteninase-9
      activity in the liver when 100% oxygen was used. The study supports the
      conservative use of oxygen in optimizing post-hypoxic hepatic recovery.

PMID- 18154951
TI  - Protective effects of naringenin-7-O-glucoside on doxorubicin-induced apoptosis
      in H9C2 cells.
AB  - Doxorubicin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, can give rise to severe
      cardiotoxicity by inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Dracocephalum rupestre Hance,
      a Chinese traditional herb, has therapeutic potential for cardiovascular
      diseases. Naringenin-7-O-glucoside is the main active constituent of D. rupestre
      and there is increasing interest in its therapeutic applications. The aim of this
      study was to evaluate the effects of naringenin-7-O-glucoside on cardiomyocyte
      apoptosis induced by doxorubicin. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay.
      Naringenin-7-O-glucoside (10, 20, and 40 microM) significantly enhanced
      cardiomyocyte proliferation relative to that of doxorubicin. Furthermore,
      naringenin-7-O-glucoside increased the protein levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)
      and Bcl-2 in cardiomyocytes (as detected by Western blotting) and suppressed the
      mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 (as detected by RT-PCR). These results
      suggest that naringenin-7-O-glucoside has protective effects against doxorubicin
      induced apoptosis, effects which could underlie the use of naringenin-7-O
      glucoside therapeutic agent for treating or preventing cardiomyopathy associated
      with doxorubicin.

PMID- 18154952
TI  - Adenoviral gene transfer of viral interleukin-10 protects cerebrovascular
      impairment induced by lysophosphatidylcholine.
AB  - Cerebrovascular disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the
      world. Inflammatory processes induce several pathological responses such as
      atherosclerosis, which have fundamental roles in stroke in the etiology of
      ischemic cerebrovascular disease and the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia.
      Viral interleukin-10 (vIL-10), a potential anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been
      studied extensively. However, the efficacy of vIL-10 on cerebrovascular
      dysfunction is not well known. Our goal in this study was to explore the effect
      of gene transfer of vIL-10 mediated by adenovirus (Ad/vIL-10) on cerebrovascular
      function using a model of vasocontraction of isolated basilar artery from mongrel
      dogs induced by lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), a proinflammatory and
      atherogenic serum lysophospholipid. To clarify the relation between contraction
      of basilar aorta and cell adhesion and adhesion molecules, our further study
      explored effects of Ad/vIL-10 on monocyte-cerebrovascular endothelial cells
      adhesion and expression of cell adhesion molecule by cultured
      cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells, bEnd.3, after incubation by lysoPC. Our
      results showed that Ad/vIL-10 significantly decreased contractive response of
      basilar aorta produced by lysoPC and augmented vasorelaxation to acetylcholine.
      Further studies showed the Ad/vIL-10 significantly depressed adherence of
      monocytes to cerebrovascular endothelial cells and inhibited up-regulation of
      intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
      (VCAM-1) which are bio-markers in inflammatory progress. These data demonstrated
      the protective effects of Ad/vIL-10 on cerebrovascular dysfunction induced by
      inflammation, and proved that inhibition of expression of cell adhesion molecules
      should be one of ways of vIL-10 to protect vascular function during inflammation.

PMID- 18154953
TI  - Toxoplasma gondii: evaluation of an intranasal vaccine using recombinant proteins
      against brain cyst formation in BALB/c mice.
AB  - The purpose of this work was to evaluate protective activity against brain cyst
      formation in BALB/c mice intranasally vaccinated with recombinant proteins from
      Toxoplasma gondii. The recombinant proteins rROP2, rGRA5 and rGRA7 were used in
      vaccine preparation. Thirty-three female mice were divided into three groups,
      these animals received two doses by intranasal route at days 0 and 21 as follows;
      group 1 (G1, n=11) received 12.5 microg of each recombinant protein plus 0.5
      microg of cholera toxin, group 2 (G2, n=11) received phosphate buffer saline
      (PBS) plus 0.5 microg of cholera toxin, and group 3 (G3, n=11) received PBS only.
      At challenge day (day 33) three animals from each group were euthanatized for IgA
      measure from intestine. Mice were infected orally with 50 cysts from the VEG
      strain at day 33. At challenge day the G1 animals had high immunoglobulin A
      levels, however, they only showed IgG antibody titers against rROP2 and rGRA7.
      Animals from G1 also exhibited strong resistance to cyst formation compared with
      the control group (G3, P<0.05). However, we did not observe differences in
      protection against brain cyst formation between G1 and G2 (P>0.1). These results
      indicate that intranasal immunization in BALB/c mice with recombinant proteins
      rROP2, rGRA5 and rGRA7 associated with cholera toxin induced partial protection,
      when compared with G3, against tissue cyst formation after oral infection with
      tissue cysts from T. gondii.

PMID- 18154954
TI  - Angiostrongylus cantonensis: experimental study on the susceptibility of apple
      snails, Pomacea canaliculata compared to Pila polita.
AB  - Six groups (15 snails/group) of Pomacea canaliculata and Pila polita were
      infected orally with 0 (control), 200, 400, 800, 1600 and 3200 first-stage
      Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae (L1). The respective mean+/-SD third stage
      larvae (L3) worm recovery 1-month post-infection (p.i.) for P. canaliculata was
      0, 1.4+/-5.42 (0.7%), 0.13+/-0.35 (0.03%), 0.07+/-0.26 (0.009%), 0.07+/-0.26
      (0.004%), 0, and for P. polita 0, 64.33+/-21.38 (32.25%), 115.36+/-36.82
      (28.93%), 265.33+/-90.01 (33.27%), 471.33+/-92.98 (29.60%) and 849.00+/-243.23
      (26.61%). The susceptibility of A. cantonensis in P. polita was dose-dependent
      (p<0.001). In the three groups (nine snails/group) of P. polita given 500 L1, we
      studied the distribution of L3 in the internal organs (i.e., foot,
      head+esophagus, kidney, albumin gland, mantle, intestine, digestive gland) and
      found the highest density after 1, 2 and 3 months p.i. in the mantle at 29.37%,
      31.09% and 37.45%. The infection rate in P. canaliculata was too low to study
      distribution rates.

PMID- 18154955
TI  - Interleukin 1 beta gene polymorphism and risk of cervical cancer.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a polymorphism at position +3953 in exon 5 of the
      lL-1beta gene (IL-1beta +3953), a condition associated with an increased risk for
      a number of inflammatory diseases, is also involved in the development of
      cervical cancer. METHOD: We isolated DNA from peripheral blood in 150 women with
      cervical cancer and 200 healthy controls, and IL-1beta +3953 allele polymorphism
      was determined by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Genotypes A1/A2 and
      A2/A2+A1/A2 were associated with increased risk of cervical cancer (odds ratio
      [OR], 2.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78-4.67; P<0.001 and OR, 2.85; 95%
      CI, 1.77-4.6; P<0.001, respectively). The risk in a passive smoker with A2/A2 or
      A1/A2 genotype was increased more than 5-fold (OR, 5.69; 95% CI, 2.61-12.50;
      P<0.001) compared with a nonsmoker with the A1/A1 genotype. CONCLUSION: This
      study provides evidence of an association between lL-1beta +3953 polymorphism and
      risk of cervical cancer.

PMID- 18154956
TI  - Brachial artery responses in menopausal women using tibolone.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of tibolone treatment on brachial artery
      pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and flux-mediated dilation (FMD)
      in postmenopausal Mexican women. METHOD: The FMD, PI, and RI of the right
      brachial artery were measured in 19 postmenopausal women before and after they
      received a hyperemic stimulus, first at baseline and then following a 6-month
      treatment with 2.5 mg of tibolone per day. Statistical analysis was performed
      using the t test. RESULTS: The mean+/-SD age was 52.2+/-3.9 years; time since
      menopause was 24.6+/-16.7 months; and treatment duration was 5.7+/-2.0 months.
      Compared with prestimulus measurements, a significant poststimulus increase in
      arterial diameter and a significant decrease in PI were observed at baseline.
      Compared with prestimulus measurements, a significant poststimulus increase in
      arterial diameter and a significant decrease in both PI and RI were observed post
      treatment. CONCLUSION: Tibolone treatment had a favorable effect on brachial
      artery responses to hyperemic stimuli.

PMID- 18154957
TI  - Genetic profiling of Trypanosoma cruzi directly in infected tissues using nested
      PCR of polymorphic microsatellites.
AB  - The investigation of the importance of the genetics of Trypanosoma cruzi in
      determining the clinical course of Chagas disease will depend on precise
      characterisation of the parasites present in the tissue lesions. This can be
      adequately accomplished by the use of hypervariable nuclear markers such as
      microsatellites. However the unilocal nature of these loci and the scarcity of
      parasites in chronic lesions make it necessary to use high sensitivity PCR with
      nested primers, whose design depends on the availability of long flanking
      regions, a feature not hitherto available for any known T. cruzi microsatellites.
      Herein, making use of the extensive T. cruzi genome sequence now available and
      using the Tandem Repeats Finder software, it was possible to identify and
      characterise seven new microsatellite loci--six composed of trinucleotide
      (TcTAC15, TcTAT20, TcAAT8, TcATT14, TcGAG10 and TcCAA10) and one composed of
      tetranucleotide (TcAAAT6) motifs. All except the TcCAA10 locus were physically
      mapped onto distinct intergenic regions of chromosome III of the CL Brener clone
      contigs. The TcCAA10 locus was localised within a hypothetical protein gene in
      the T. cruzi genome. All microsatellites were polymorphic and useful for T. cruzi
      genetic variability studies. Using the TcTAC15 locus it was possible to separate
      the strains belonging to the T. cruzi I lineage (DTU I) from those belonging to
      T. cruzi II (DTU IIb), T. cruzi III (DTU IIc) and a hybrid group (DTU IId, IIe).
      The long flanking regions of these novel microsatellites allowed construction of
      nested primers and the use of full nested PCR protocols. This strategy enabled us
      to detect and differentiate T. cruzi strains directly in clinical specimens
      including heart, blood, CSF and skin tissues from patients in the acute and
      chronic phases of Chagas disease.

PMID- 18154958
TI  - Rosuvastatin protects against oxidative stress and DNA damage in vitro via
      upregulation of glutathione synthesis.
AB  - Statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase,
      exert various beneficial effects independent of serum cholesterol reduction;
      among others is antioxidative action. Human promyelocytic cells (HL-60) were used
      to examine the effect of the statin rosuvastatin on reactive oxygen species
      induced DNA damage, formation of oxidative stress and expression of glutathione
      metabolising enzymes. Rosuvastatin from 10nM significantly reduced DNA damage
      induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or by hydrogen peroxide, as
      assessed by the comet assay. PMA-provoked formation of reactive oxygen species,
      measured by flow cytometric measurement, was also prevented by rosuvastatin. Pre
      incubation of cells with rosuvastatin revealed a protective effect of the statin
      even after its removal from the incubation medium. Total glutathione in cells
      treated with PMA, with and without co-incubation with rosuvastatin, was increased
      significantly in cells incubated with rosuvastatin alone. The quantification of
      the mRNA and activity of glutathione synthesizing enzymes by PCR showed a
      significant upregulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. In conclusion,
      rosuvastatin exerts antioxidative effects, which are also capable of preventing
      DNA damage. These effects seem to be independent of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition
      and involve the induction of the expression of antioxidant defense enzymes.

PMID- 18154959
TI  - Natriuretic peptides.
AB  - Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are released from the heart in response to pressure
      and volume overload. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal-proBNP have
      become important diagnostic tools for assessing patients who present acutely with
      dyspnea. The NP level reflects a compilation of systolic and diastolic function
      as well as right ventricular and valvular function. Studies suggest that using
      NPs in the emergency department can reduce the consumption of hospital resources
      and can lower costs by either eliminating the need for other, more expensive
      tests or by establishing an alternative diagnosis that does not require hospital
      stay. Caveats such as body mass index and renal function must be taken into
      account when analyzing NP levels. Natriuretic peptide levels have important
      prognostic value in multiple clinical settings, including in patients with stable
      coronary artery disease and with acute coronary syndromes. In patients with
      decompensated heart failure due to volume overload, a treatment-induced drop in
      wedge pressure is often accompanied by a rapid drop in NP levels. Knowing a
      patient's NP levels might thus assist with hemodynamic assessment and subsequent
      treatment titration. Monitoring NP levels in the outpatient setting might also
      improve patient care and outcomes.

PMID- 18154960
TI  - High telomerase activity in neutrophils from unstable coronary plaques.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: We evaluated telomerase activity in circulating polymorphonuclear
      neutrophils (PMN) and in PMN isolated from coronary atherosclerotic plaques by a
      novel approach. BACKGROUND: Delayed apoptosis of PMN have been demonstrated in
      unstable angina (UA). These cells have a finite lifespan with low telomerase
      activity, a polymerase that extends telomeres, structures essential for cell
      aging. Reactivation of telomerase has been associated with resistance to
      apoptosis. METHODS: We studied 20 patients with UA and 6 patients with chronic
      stable angina (SA), undergoing a percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulating
      PMN were isolated from venous blood and PMN derived from coronary plaque were
      isolated from washing medium of angioplasty balloons. RESULTS: Telomerase
      activity was higher in coronary plaque PMN of UA patients than in coronary plaque
      PMN of SA patients (122.7, range 20.5 to 3,696; and 47.7, range 16 to 212.6,
      respectively, p = 0.001) and higher than in peripheral PMN of SA patients (122.7,
      range 20.5 to 3,696 vs. 59, range 16.5 to 132.5, p = 0.001). We found a
      statistically significant difference between venous and coronary plaque PMN
      telomerase activity in UA patients (z = -2.875; p = 0.004). Among UA patients, a
      shorter time interval from symptom onset to coronary PMN sampling was the only
      independent predictor of high telomerase activity in coronary plaque PMN (p <
      0.001, R2 = 0.75). CONCLUSIONS: In UA patients, telomerase activity is high in
      coronary plaque PMN, while it is low in peripheral PMN. Telomerase reactivation
      in resident PMN resulting in a prolonged lifespan might play a key role in the
      early phases of instability.

PMID- 18154961
TI  - Comparison of a radiofrequency-based wireless pressure sensor to swan-ganz
      catheter and echocardiography for ambulatory assessment of pulmonary artery
      pressure in heart failure.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The goal of this work was to evaluate the accuracy of a new heart
      failure (HF) sensor (HFS) (Heart Failure Sensor, CardioMEMS Inc., Atlanta,
      Georgia) pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) monitoring compared with Swan-Ganz (SG)
      (Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois) catheterization and echocardiography
      (ECHO) in ambulatory HF patients. BACKGROUND: There is an increasing interest in
      the development of ambulatory monitoring devices aiming to adjust therapy and
      prevent hospitalizations in HF patients. METHODS: Twelve patients with HF and New
      York Heart Association functional class II to IV were included in this study. The
      HFS was deployed into the pulmonary artery under angiography, allowing wireless
      PAP measurement. Two independent blind operators performed 3 HFS measurements at
      each visit, with simultaneous ECHO at 2, 14, 30, 60, and 90 days. Swan-Ganz
      catheterization was performed at 0 and 60 days. Linear regression was used as a
      measure of agreement. Variability between methods and interobserver variability
      were evaluated by Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: Mean age was 63 +/- 14.6 years.
      Systolic PAP was 64 +/- 22 mm Hg and 58 +/- 22 mm Hg for HFS and SG, respectively
      (p < 0.01). Both methods showed a significant correlation (r2 = 0.96 baseline, r2
      = 0.90 follow-up, p < 0.01), with a mean difference of 6.2 +/- 4.5 mm Hg.
      Diastolic PAP was 23 +/- 14 mm Hg and 28 +/- 16 mm Hg for HFS and SG,
      respectively (r2 = 0.88 baseline, r2 = 0.48 follow-up, p < 0.01), with a mean
      difference of -1.6 +/- 6.8 mm Hg. Systolic PAP was 60 +/- 20 mm Hg and 62 +/- 12
      mm Hg for HFS and ECHO, respectively (r2 = 0.75, p < 0.01), with a mean
      difference of -2.6 +/- 11 mm Hg. There was no significant interobserver
      difference. CONCLUSIONS: The HFS provides an accurate method for PAP assessment
      in the intermediate follow-up of HF patients.

PMID- 18154962
TI  - New approaches to hemodynamic measurement cool devices but a shaky
      infrastructure.

PMID- 18154963
TI  - T-wave alternans, restitution of human action potential duration, and outcome.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to study the relationship between T-wave alternans (TWA)
      and rate-response (restitution) of repolarization in subjects with and without
      ventricular systolic dysfunction. BACKGROUND: T-wave alternans is a promising
      predictor of sudden death, yet the mechanisms linking it with human ventricular
      arrhythmias are unclear. From theoretic considerations, we hypothesized that
      abnormal TWA is linked with steep restitution of action potential duration (APD)
      and that both predict arrhythmic outcome. METHODS: We studied 53 subjects with
      left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < or =40% and 18 control subjects. At
      electrophysiologic study, we recorded APD at 90% repolarization (APD(90)) in the
      right (n = 62) or left (n = 9) ventricle during pacing while measuring TWA from
      the body surface. RESULTS: As expected, TWA (at <109 beats/min) was more likely
      to be abnormal in study than in control subjects (p < 0.01). However, study (LVEF
      28 +/- 8%) and control (LVEF 58 +/- 12%) subjects did not differ in APD(90)
      restitution slope maxima (1.2 +/- 0.6 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.6, respectively; p = 0.82) or
      numbers with steep slope (>1; 58% vs. 67%). T-wave alternans and simultaneous APD
      alternans always occurred at diastolic intervals where APD restitution was not
      steep (p < 0.001), and there was no relationship between maximum restitution
      slope and TWA magnitude. Over 829 +/- 473 days, TWA (p = 0.02), but not
      restitution slope >1, predicted ventricular arrhythmias in subjects with LVEF <
      or =40%. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism by which TWA predicts arrhythmic mortality
      does not reflect the maximum slope of ventricular APD restitution. Better
      understanding of the mechanisms underlying TWA may enable improved prediction and
      prevention of ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 18154964
TI  - Influence of heart rate on the diagnostic accuracy of dual-source computed
      tomography coronary angiography.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the influence of heart rate on image quality and
      diagnostic accuracy of dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) coronary
      angiography. BACKGROUND: Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) coronary
      angiography has demonstrated an inverse relationship between heart rate and image
      quality. Dual-source CT provides a higher temporal resolution. METHODS: One
      hundred patients were studied by DSCT (DEFINITION, Siemens Medical Solutions,
      Forchheim, Germany). A contrast-enhanced volume dataset was acquired (two tubes,
      120 kV, 400 mAs/rot, collimation 64 x 0.6 mm). Datasets were evaluated concerning
      the presence of significant coronary stenoses and validated against invasive
      coronary angiography. RESULTS: In 44 patients with a heart rate > or =65
      beats/min, 566 of 616 coronary segments were evaluable (92%), whereas in 56
      patients with a heart rate <65 beats/min, 777 of 778 coronary segments were
      evaluable (100%, p < 0.001). On a per-patient basis, 93% of patients (> or =65
      beats/min) and 100% of patients (<65 beats/min) were considered evaluable. By
      classifying unevaluable segments as positive for stenosis, per-patient
      sensitivity was 95% (19 of 20) for heart rates > or =65 beats/min and 100% (22 of
      22) for heart rates <65 beats/min. Specificity was 87% (21 of 24) versus 76% (26
      of 34), and overall diagnostic accuracy was 91% (40 of 44) versus 86% (48 of 56).
      None of these differences were statistically significant. Similarly, no
      difference in diagnostic accuracy was found in per-vessel and -segment analyses.
      CONCLUSIONS: In 100 patients studied without beta-blocker pre-medication, DSCT
      demonstrated slightly lower per-segment evaluability for high heart rates but no
      decrease in diagnostic accuracy for the detection of coronary artery stenoses.

PMID- 18154965
TI  - Prevalence of fabry disease in a cohort of 508 unrelated patients with
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study the prevalence of Fabry disease (FD) in patients
      with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). BACKGROUND: There are limited and
      controversial data about the prevalence of FD in patients with HCM. METHODS: We
      screened the plasma alpha-galactosidase A activity from 508 unrelated patients
      with HCM (328 men, 180 women, ages 58 +/- 16 years). Patients with low activity
      (0% to 30% of the normal control in men, and 0% to 50% in women) underwent
      genetic study of the GLA gene. RESULTS: We found low plasma activity in 15
      patients (3%). Three men had GLA mutations (0.9%): S238N (novel) in 2 and E358del
      (described) in 1. Two women had described mutations (1.1%): L89P and A143T. Three
      unrelated men had the D313Y variant previously associated with enzyme pseudo
      deficiency. Two women had polymorphisms that did not segregate with the disease
      in their families. Five women (activity 39% to 47%) had no sequence variants. The
      familial studies allowed the diagnosis of 14 carriers: 6 women without Fabry
      manifestations, 3 women with cardiomyopathy, 2 men with renal and cardiac
      disease, 1 man with microhematuria, 1 woman with first-degree atrioventricular
      block, and a 32-year-old woman with only renal disease. CONCLUSIONS: By means of
      a screening based on genotyping of patients with low plasma enzymatic activity,
      the prevalence of FD in our population of HCM is 1% (0.9% in men and 1.1% in
      women). This diagnosis is relevant, because it allows the identification of
      disease carriers that might benefit from enzyme replacement therapy.

PMID- 18154966
TI  - Detection of subclinical fabry disease in patients presenting with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 18154967
TI  - Outcome and growth potential of left heart structures after neonatal intervention
      for aortic valve stenosis.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine trends of growth of left
      heart structures after intervention for neonatal aortic valve stenosis.
      BACKGROUND: The growth potential of left heart structures in neonatal aortic
      valve stenosis after relief of obstruction might influence risk for subsequent
      outcomes. METHODS: From 1994 to 2004, 53 patients underwent neonatal (< or =30
      days old) balloon aortic valve dilation. Factors associated with time-related
      outcomes (death, reintervention, aortic valve replacement) and longitudinal
      changes in normalized left heart dimensions were sought. RESULTS: The median age
      at intervention was 3.5 days (range 1 to 30 days). During a median follow-up of
      3.2 years ranging up to 10.9 years, there were 31 reinterventions on the aortic
      valve in 21 (40%) patients and 7 deaths (13%). The presence of moderate or severe
      left ventricular (LV) endocardial fibroelastosis was the only independent
      predictor for time-related mortality (hazard ratio 22.1; p = 0.004), and a
      smaller initial aortic valve annulus z-score was a significant independent
      predictor for aortic valve replacement (hazard ratio 0.63 per 1-U change; p =
      0.007). Aortic valve annulus, aortic sinus, and LV dimension z-scores
      significantly increased over time, whereas mitral valve z-scores remained below
      normal. The structure's initial z-score and concomitant size of other left heart
      structures were significant independent factors associated with subsequent z
      scores. CONCLUSIONS: There is potential catch-up growth of the aortic valve and
      LV over time for neonates after intervention for aortic valve stenosis. However,
      the continued hypoplasia of the mitral valve warrants further consideration in
      the long-term management of these patients.

PMID- 18154968
TI  - Highlights of the 18th annual scientific sessions of the American Society of
      Echocardiography Seattle, Washington, June 16-20, 2007.

PMID- 18154969
TI  - Highlights of the 2007 scientific sessions of the European Society of Cardiology
      Vienna, Austria, September 1-5, 2007.

PMID- 18154970
TI  - Advancing the knowledge base on the efficacy-safety ratio with drug-eluting
      stents contributions from the European Society of Cardiology Congress, Vienna,
      Austria, September 1-5, 2007.

PMID- 18154971
TI  - Thinking outside the "box"-the ultrasound contrast controversy.
AB  - On October 10, 2007, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a new
      "black box" warning for the perflutren-containing ultrasound contrast agents,
      contraindicating their use in patients with acute coronary syndromes, acute
      myocardial infarction, and worsening or clinically unstable heart failure. These
      warnings ignore the proven efficacy of ultrasound contrast agents, the previously
      established safety of these compounds, the potential risks of alternative
      procedures, and the likely confounding effect of pseudocomplication. We suggest
      that the FDA Medical Imaging Division convene a panel of cardiologists
      experienced in a variety of imaging modalities to fully assess the adverse events
      that have been attributed to these agents and that any future FDA warnings
      acknowledge the possible influence of pseudocomplication, the proven efficacy of
      the modality in question for early and accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular
      disease, and the known and theoretical risks of alternative testing that may be
      necessary.

PMID- 18154972
TI  - The cardiologist as a role model.

PMID- 18154974
TI  - Arterial blood pressure gradient across vulnerable plaque might increase rupture.

PMID- 18154975
TI  - A force-similarity model of the activated muscle is able to predict primary
      locomotor functions.
AB  - Biomechanical macroscopic models of the muscle organ as whole are conceptually
      limited in explaining muscle function in relation to structure. The examples are
      Hill-type and rheological muscle models where elastic properties of the muscle's
      contractible element are approached by a spring arranged in series and parallel,
      respectively. A new scaling model of the activated muscle powering a particular
      function is proposed. This model is based on the physical similarity suggested
      between the action-production muscle force and resulting reaction elastic muscle
      forces. Considered at a macroscopic scale, this force similarity provides four
      patterns of constraints in development of muscle architecture in different-sized
      animals. As the result, the analytical modeling predicts the primary motor,
      brake, strut and spring functions of individual muscles revealed earlier in work
      loop experiments and now provided in terms of the scaling exponents for muscle
      cross-sectional area and fiber length. The model reliability is tested via
      literature available from muscle allometric data. The conceptual outcome of the
      study is that the architecture design of skeletal muscles is likely effected by
      the powering contractions of last fibers known as having higher myofibril volume
      than slow fibers.

PMID- 18154976
TI  - Combination of affinity depletion of abundant proteins and reversed-phase
      fractionation in proteomic analysis of human plasma/serum.
AB  - The tremendous complexity of the serum and plasma proteome presents extreme
      analytical challenges in comprehensive analysis due to the wide dynamic range of
      protein concentrations. Therefore, robust sample preparation methods remain one
      of the important steps in the proteome characterization workflow. We present the
      results on a new column for the specific depletion of 14 high-abundant proteins
      from human serum and plasma and the subsequent reversed-phase fractionation of
      the flow-through proteins. Analysis of tryptic peptides was accomplished with
      microfluidic HPLC-Chip/MS system. Results indicate that high-abundant protein
      depletion combined with RP fractionation of plasma showed an improved dynamic
      range for proteomic analysis and enabled the identification of low-abundant
      plasma proteins.

PMID- 18154977
TI  - Molecularly imprinted capillary electrochromatography for selective determination
      of thiabendazole in citrus samples.
AB  - In this work, the suitability of the combination of molecular imprinting and
      capillary electrochromatography (MIP-CEC) to be used as powerful tool in
      environmental or food analysis has been for the first time studied and
      successfully demonstrated. A molecularly imprinted monolith (MIM) has been
      synthesised and evaluated as stationary phase for the selective determination of
      the fungicide thiabendazole (TBZ) in citrus samples by non-aqueous capillary
      electrochromatography. The influence of the mobile phase composition, the voltage
      of the power supply and the separation temperature on the recognition of TBZ by
      the imprinted polymer has been evaluated, and the imprint effect in the MIM was
      clearly demonstrated. Once optimum recognition conditions were established, other
      variables affecting mechanical properties and chromatographic performance of MIM
      were adjusted using computational approach. The high selectivity achieved by the
      MIP-CEC developed procedure allowed unambiguous detection and quantification of
      TBZ in citrus samples by direct injection of the crude sample extracts, without
      any previous clean-up, in less than 6 min. The developed method was properly
      validated and the calculated detection limits were below the established maximum
      residue limits (MRLs), clearly demonstrating the suitability of the method to be
      used for the control of the selected fungicide.

PMID- 18154978
TI  - Monitoring of fosinopril sodium impurities by liquid chromatography-mass
      spectrometry including the neural networks in method evaluation.
AB  - In this paper, the mass spectrometry (MS) detection has been applied for
      screening of fosinopril sodium impurities which arise during forced stress study.
      Before MS analysis, liquid chromatographic method with suitable mobile phase
      composition was developed. The separation was done on SunFire 100 mm x 4.6 mm 3.5
      microm particle size column. The mobile phases which consisted of methanol
      ammonium acetate buffer-acetic acid, in different ratios, were used in a
      preliminary study. Flow rate was 0.3 mL min(-1). Under these conditions, percent
      of methanol, concentration of ammonium acetate buffer and acetic acid content
      were tested simultaneously applying central composite design (CCD) and artificial
      neural network (ANN). The combinations of experimental design (ED) and ANN
      present powerful technique in method optimization. Input and output variables
      from CCD were used for network training, verification and testing. Multiple layer
      perceptron (MLP) with back propagation (BP) algorithm was chosen for network
      training. When the optimal neural topology was selected, network was trained by
      adjusting strength of connections between neurons in order to adapt the outputs
      of whole network to be closer to the desired outputs, or to minimize the sum of
      the squared errors. From the method optimization the following mobile phase
      composition was selected as appropriate: methanol-10 mM ammonium acetate buffer
      acidic acid (80:19.5:0.5 v/v/v). This mobile phase was used as inlet for MS.
      According to molecular structure and literature data, electrospray positive ion
      mode was applied for analysis of fosinopril sodium and its impurities. The
      proposed method could be used for screening of fosinopril sodium impurities in
      bulk and pharmaceuticals, as well as for tracking the degradation under stress
      conditions.

PMID- 18154979
TI  - Determination of fatty alcohol ethoxylates by derivatisation with maleic
      anhydride followed by liquid chromatography with UV-vis detection.
AB  - The esterification of fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAEs) by melting with maleic
      anhydride has been studied in the presence of urea. The reaction rate and yield
      of non-ethoxylated and ethoxylated alcohols increase largely when grinded urea is
      suspended in the reaction medium, a 100% yield being achieved at 80 degrees C in
      15 min. The procedure is tolerant to the presence of large amounts of water. The
      UV-vis response factors of the derivatives of individual FAE oligomers vary
      little with the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, n, and the number of
      ethylene oxide units, m. Derivatised samples of industrial FAE mixtures, cleaning
      products and river and sea waters were chromatographed on a C8 column of the
      fused-core type using gradient elution with acetonitrile/water mixtures plus 0.1%
      acetic acid. The hydrocarbon series with even values of n from 8 up to 20, were
      well resolved using column temperatures in the 15-30 degrees C range. Superior
      resolution between the consecutive oligomers within the series was also obtained
      at large values of m; however, reversion of the elution order for the derivatives
      with m=1 and 0 hindered direct quantitation of a few oligomers at low m values.
      Full resolution of all the oligomers was achieved by deconvolution with a genetic
      algorithm assisted by the unconstrained local method of Powell. After
      preconcentration with C18 solid-phase extraction cartridges, both river and sea
      water samples also showed the signature of the FAE oligomers. The evaluation of
      total FAEs in these samples was demonstrated.

PMID- 18154980
TI  - Rational design of a new one-step purification strategy for Candida antarctica
      lipase B by ion-exchange chromatography.
AB  - A fast and efficient one-step method for purification of lipase B from Candida
      antarctica by ion-exchange chromatography was developed by rational design. The
      electrostatic properties of the enzyme were calculated and validated by
      isoelectric focusing and measurement of the titration curve. C. antarctica lipase
      B shows an unusual pH profile with a broad isoelectric region from pH 4 to 8. At
      pH 3 C. antarctica lipase B can be bound to a cation-exchange chromatography
      column and was purified to homogeneity with a purification factor of 2.4. It was
      stable at pH 3, the residual activity was still 80% after 6 days incubation at 20
      degrees C. The broad isoelectric region of C. antarctica lipase B is unique as
      compared to almost all other alpha/beta-hydrolases which have a well-defined
      isoelectric point. A search in the lipase engineering database resulted in only
      one further alpha/beta-hydrolase, the Fusarium solani cutinase, which also has a
      broad isoelectric region.

PMID- 18154981
TI  - Selection of pH-related parameters in ion-exchange chromatography using pH
      gradient operations.
AB  - This work demonstrates that the type of ion-exchanger (anion or cation), the mode
      of operation (bind-and-elute or flow-through), and the operational pH of ion
      exchange chromatography (IEX) can be selected in a fast and rational way by
      analytical pH-gradient IEX operations, thereby eliminating the need for pH
      scouting or high-throughput screening. The developed approach was applied for the
      selection of an IEX process for the capture of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) from
      hybridoma cell culture supernatant (CCS). It was found within a day that MAb can
      optimally be captured by bind-and-elute mode cation-exchange chromatography (CEX)
      at pH 4.5 or anion-exchange chromatography (AEX) at pH 7.2 without lowering the
      salt concentration in the CCS. The performance of both CEX and AEX was predicted
      to be equal for this particular MAb capture.

PMID- 18154982
TI  - Two-column simulated moving-bed process for binary separation.
AB  - A two-column simulated moving-bed system has been developed for binary
      separation. The system combines a flexible node design, robust pump
      configuration, and cyclic flow-rate modulation to exploit the benefits of
      simulated counter-current operation. The feasibility of the proposed two-column
      system is demonstrated on the linear separation of two nucleosides by reversed
      phase. Emphasis is given to the potentialities of the process compared to single
      column batch chromatography with recycling for the same amount of stationary
      phase. The performance of the proposed two-column process is verified with
      laboratory-scale experiments and detailed simulations for different difficulties
      in separation and desorbent-to-feed ratios.

PMID- 18154984
TI  - Neurologic complications associated with endovascular repair of thoracic aortic
      pathology: Incidence and risk factors. a study from the European Collaborators on
      Stent/Graft Techniques for Aortic Aneurysm Repair (EUROSTAR) registry.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic disease may be associated
      with severe neurologic complications. The current study used the data of a
      multicenter registry to assess of the incidence and the risk factors for
      paraplegia or paraparesis and intracranial stroke. METHODS: The European
      Collaborators on Stent/Graft Techniques for Aortic Aneurysm Repair (EUROSTAR)
      database prospectively enrolled 606 patients. Thoracic pathologies with urgent or
      elective presentation, which included degenerative aneurysm in 291, aortic
      dissection in 215, traumatic rupture in 67, anastomotic false aneurysm in 24, and
      infectious or nonspecified disorders in 9. Study end points included evidence of
      perioperative spinal cord ischemia (SCI) or stroke. Univariate analysis and
      multivariate regression models were used to assess the significance of clinical
      factors that potentially influenced the occurrence of neurological sequelae.
      RESULTS: Paraplegia or paraparesis developed in 15 patients (2.5%) and stroke in
      19 (3.1%); two patients had both complications. At multivariate regression
      analysis, independent correlation with SCI was observed for four factors: (1)
      left subclavian artery covering without revascularization (odds ratio [OR], 3.9;
      P = .027), (2) renal failure (OR, 3.6; P = .02), (3) concomitant open abdominal
      aorta surgery (OR, 5.5; P = .037) and (4) three or more stent grafts used (OR,
      3.5; P = .043). In patients with perioperative stroke, two correlating factors
      were identified: (1) duration of the intervention (OR, 6.4; P = .0045) and (2)
      female sex (OR, 3.3; P = .023). A neurologic complication (paraplegia or stroke)
      developed in 8.4% of the patients in whom left subclavian covering was required
      compared with 0% of patients with prophylactic revascularization (P = .049).
      CONCLUSION: Perioperative paraplegia or paraparesis was significantly associated
      with blockage of the left subclavian artery without revascularization. The
      clinical significance of this source of collateral perfusion of the spinal cord
      had not been confirmed previously. Intracranial stroke was associated with
      lengthy manipulation of wires, catheters, and introducer sheaths within the
      aortic arch, reflected by a longer duration of the procedure.

PMID- 18154987
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy was performed with lower stroke and death rates than
      carotid artery stenting in the United States in 2003 and 2004.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Although carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is the gold standard for the
      treatment of carotid artery stenosis, the recent United States Food and Drug
      Administration approval of carotid artery stenting (CAS) may have led to its
      widespread use outside of clinical trials and registries. This study compared in
      hospital postoperative stroke and mortality rates after CAS and CEA at the
      national level. METHODS: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was queried to
      identify all patient-discharges that occurred for revascularization of carotid
      artery stenosis. The International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision,
      Clinical Modification procedure codes for CEA (38.12), CAS (00.63), and insertion
      of noncoronary stents (39.50, 39.90) were used in conjunction with the diagnostic
      codes for carotid artery stenosis, with (433.11) and without (433.10) stroke.
      Primary outcome measures included in-hospital postoperative stroke and death
      rates. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to evaluate independent
      predictors of postoperative stroke and mortality. Adjustment was made for age,
      sex, medical comorbidities, admission diagnosis, procedure type, year, and
      hospital type. RESULTS: During the calendar years 2003 and 2004, an estimated
      259,080 carotid revascularization procedures were performed in the United States.
      CAS had a higher rate of in-hospital postoperative stroke (2.1% vs 0.88%, P <
      .0001) and higher postoperative mortality (1.3% vs 0.39%) than CEA. For
      asymptomatic patients (92%), the postoperative stroke rate was significantly
      higher for CAS than CEA (1.8% vs 0.86%, P < .0001), but the mortality rate was
      similar (0.44% vs 0.36%, P = .36). For symptomatic patients (8%), the rates for
      postoperative stroke (4.2% vs 1.1%, P < .0001) and mortality (7.5% vs 1.0%, P <
      .0001) were significantly higher after CAS. By multivariate regression, CAS was
      independently predictive of postoperative stroke (odds ratio [OR], 2.49; 95%
      confidence interval [CI], 1.91 to 3.25). CAS was also associated with in-hospital
      postoperative mortality for asymptomatic (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.46 to 3.84) and
      symptomatic (OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.89 to 3.69) patients. CONCLUSIONS: As determined
      from a large representative national sample including the years 2003 and 2004,
      the in-hospital stroke rate after CAS for asymptomatic patients was twofold
      higher than after CEA. For symptomatic patients, the respective in-hospital
      stroke and mortality rates were fourfold and sevenfold higher. These unexpected
      results indicate that further randomized controlled trials with homogenous
      symptomatic and asymptomatic patient groups should be performed.

PMID- 18154988
TI  - Measurement and impact of proximal and distal tortuosity in carotid stenting
      procedures.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Proximal and distal carotid tortuosity is considered of paramount
      importance in carotid artery stenting (CAS) procedures. Specifically, distal
      internal carotid coiling or kinking is thought to interfere with proper distal
      protection devices, thus contraindicating CAS. The type of the aortic arch is
      also considered a key factor in CAS success; however, no standardized method of
      evaluation of these indicators is available in the literature. We have evaluated
      the impact of arch angulation and proximal and distal tortuosity in a series of
      CAS procedures. METHODS: In patients undergoing CAS, arch angulation and
      tortuosity of both common and distal internal carotid arteries were evaluated
      prospectively by calculating the sum of all angles diverging from the ideal
      straight axis, considering a 90 degrees ideal angle for the origin from the arch
      (tortuosity index, TI). All procedures were through a transfemoral approach and
      with distal protection. Results were correlated with technical procedural success
      (residual stenosis <30%) and neurologic complication by Student t test.
      Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent
      predictors of results. RESULTS: In a group of 298 CAS procedures, the mean
      proximal TI was 111.9 degrees +/- 96.77 degrees and the mean distal TI was 123.4
      degrees +/- 117.47 degrees . Technical success was obtained in 272 patients
      (91.2%). Causes for the 26 technical failures were incapacity to obtain stable
      proximal access in 25 (96.1%), and uncrossable stenosis in one (3.9%). Neurologic
      protection was achieved with distal filters in all cases. Neurologic
      complications occurred in 23 patients (7.7%), consisting of 16 transient ischemic
      attacks and seven minor strokes. The proximal TI was significantly greater in the
      26 cases of technical failure (158.4 degrees +/- 102.2 degrees vs 107.6 degrees
      +/- 95.3 degrees , P = .01). The distal TI was not different in the two groups
      (89 degrees +/- 99.1 degrees vs 126.5 degrees +/- 118.6 degrees , P = .11).
      Similarly, the proximal TI was significantly greater in neurologic complications
      (162.8 degrees +/- 111.8 degrees vs 107.6 degrees +/- 18.2 degrees , P = .03);
      the distal TI was not different in the two groups (112.6 degrees +/- 110.1
      degrees vs 124.3 degrees +/- 96.1 degrees , P = .5) By logistic regression
      analysis, a proximal TI >150 was an independent predictor of both neurologic
      complications and technical failure. Age was also independently associated with
      technical failure. Appropriate distal filter placement was possible in all cases
      with a crossable stenosis, irrespective of the internal carotid TI. CONCLUSIONS:
      The proximal TI is significantly associated with both technical success and
      neurologic complications after CAS, whereas the distal TI did not influence
      either outcome. The presence of distal kinking or coiling should not be
      considered a contraindication to CAS.

PMID- 18154989
TI  - Association between minor and major surgical complications after carotid
      endarterectomy: results of the New York Carotid Artery Surgery study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Most studies on outcomes of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) have focused
      on the major complications of death and stroke. Less is known about minor but
      more common surgical complications such as hematoma, cranial nerve palsy, and
      wound infection. This study used data from a large, population-based cohort study
      to describe the incidence of minor surgical complications after CEA and examine
      associations between minor and major complications. METHODS: The New York Carotid
      Artery Surgery (NYCAS) study examined all Medicare beneficiaries who underwent
      CEA from January 1998 to June 1999 in NY State. Detailed clinical information on
      preoperative characteristics and complications < or =30 days of surgery was
      abstracted from hospital charts. Associations between minor (cranial nerve
      palsies, hematoma, and wound infection) and major complications (death/stroke)
      were examined with chi(2) tests and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS:
      The NYCAS study had data on 9308 CEAs performed by 482 surgeons in 167 hospitals.
      Overall, 10% of patients had a minor surgical complication (cranial nerve (CN)
      palsy, 5.5%; hematoma, 5.0%; and wound infection, 0.2%). Cardiac complications
      occurred in 3.9% (myocardial 1.1%, unstable angina 0.9%, pulmonary edema 2.1%,
      and ventricular tachycardia 0.8%). In both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, the
      occurrence of any minor surgical complication, CN palsy alone, or hematoma alone
      was associated with 3 to 4-fold greater odds of perioperative stroke or combined
      risk of death and nonfatal stroke (P < 0.0001). Patients with cardiac
      complications had 4 to 5-fold increased odds of stroke or combined risk of death
      and stroke. CONCLUSION: Minor surgical complications are common after CEA and are
      associated with much higher risk of death and stroke. Patient factors, process
      factors, and direct causality are involved in this relationship, but future work
      will be needed to better understand their relative contributions.

PMID- 18154991
TI  - Incidence and clinical significance of distal embolization during percutaneous
      interventions involving the superficial femoral artery.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Distal embolization of plaque or thrombus may cause organ ischemia
      following percutaneous peripheral interventions. The purpose of this study was to
      evaluate the incidence and clinical significance of particulate embolization
      during percutaneous superficial femoral artery (SFA) intervention by monitoring
      with continuous Doppler ultrasound. The rate and timing of embolization at
      various phases of intervention such as guidewire crossing, balloon angioplasty,
      stent deployment, and directional atherectomy were analyzed and compared.
      METHODS: Sixty patients underwent SFA intervention. Of these 60 patients, 10
      patients underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) alone, 40 patients
      underwent PTA with stenting, and 10 patients underwent plaque excision with the
      SilverHawk atherectomy device (8) or Spectranetics excimer laser (2) with or
      without additional PTA or stent placement. A 4-MHz Doppler probe was used for
      continuous monitoring in the ipsilateral popliteal artery. Distal embolization
      was registered as embolic signals (ES). ES were quantitatively assessed during
      critical portions of the procedure including guidewire crossing, balloon
      angioplasty, stent deployment and/or atherectomy. ES during different phases of
      intervention were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: ES was
      noted in every patient during wire crossing, angioplasty, stent deployment and
      atherectomy. The average number of ES noted during guidewire crossing was 8, PTA
      was 12, stent deployment was 28, SiverHawk atherectomy was 49, and Spectranetics
      excimer laser was 51. The frequency of ES was statistically higher during stent
      deployment vs wire crossing or balloon angioplasty but equivalent to that
      generated by plaque excision. ES was observed more frequent during balloon
      angioplasty than during wire crossing. In one patient who was treated with the
      excimer laser, a single runoff vessel was occluded with embolic debris but
      patency was restored angiographically after thrombolysis. The patient went on to
      require below knee amputation. During follow-up, all patients with claudication
      reported improved symptoms and those with ulcers or gangrene demonstrated
      healing. The average increase in ankle-brachial index following intervention was
      0.31. CONCLUSION: While ES were recorded at each step of SFA intervention, the
      frequency was greatest during stent deployment. Despite the frequency of these
      events, only one patient developed angiographically and clinically significant
      embolization. Thus, our findings do not support the routine use of protection
      devices during percutaneous SFA intervention.

PMID- 18154993
TI  - Technical factors affecting autogenous vein graft failure: observations from a
      large multicenter trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The influence of operator-dependent variables on the outcomes of lower
      extremity bypass (LEB) surgery have primarily been reported in single
      institution, retrospective studies. We utilized data from a prospective,
      multicenter trial to identify technical variables that were significantly
      associated with early and midterm results of autogenous LEB for limb salvage.
      METHODS: The PREVENT III trial database includes 1404 North American patients
      with critical limb ischemia (CLI) who underwent LEB using excised autogenous
      vein. The study protocol excluded claudicants and in situ reconstructions.
      Technical factors analyzed included vein diameter, conduit type, graft length,
      vein orientation, location of proximal and distal anastomoses, and performance of
      completion imaging. Univariate analysis was used to determine the effect of these
      factors on 30 day and 1-year outcomes. Multivariate Cox regression models
      evaluated the influence of these factors while adjusting for age, sex, race,
      tobacco, diabetes, dialysis-dependency, previous index limb bypass, and study
      drug (edifoligide) administration. The primary outcomes were primary patency
      (PP), primary assisted patency (PAP), and secondary patency (SP) assessed by
      Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed that vein diameter
      <3.5 mm and composite graft type were significantly associated with early (30
      day) graft failure. At 1 year, multivariate analysis revealed that patency rates
      were negatively associated with diameter <3.5 mm (PP, PAP, SP), non-great
      saphenous vein (GSV) type (PP, SP), and graft lengths >50 cm (PP only). Limb
      salvage and survival at 1 year were not significantly impacted by technical
      variables. Employing a prespecified trial definition of high-risk conduits
      (diameter <3mm or nonsingle segment GSV; 24% of entire cohort) revealed that use
      of such conduits was associated with a 2.1-fold increased risk of 30 day graft
      failure (P < .05), as well as reduced PP, PAP, and SP at 1 year. Use of a high
      risk conduit was also associated with an increased index length of stay (mean
      9.37 vs 8.71 days, P = .03) and a greater number of reinterventions (mean 0.67 vs
      0.42, P < .0001) over the ensuing year. CONCLUSIONS: In this large, multicenter
      cohort of patients undergoing LEB for CLI, vein diameter and conduit type were
      the dominant technical determinants of early and late graft failure. High-risk
      conduits and longer grafts may benefit from aggressive postoperative graft
      surveillance.

PMID- 18154995
TI  - Female gender and oral anticoagulants are associated with wound complications in
      lower extremity vein bypass: an analysis of 1404 operations for critical limb
      ischemia.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Infrainguinal bypass (IB) surgery is an effective means of improving
      arterial circulation to the lower extremity for patients with critical limb
      ischemia (CLI). However, wound complications (WC) of the surgical incision
      following IB can impart significant morbidity. METHODS: A retrospective analysis
      of WC from the 1404 patients enrolled in a multicenter clinical trial of vein
      bypass grafting for CLI was performed. Univariate and multivariable regression
      models were used to determine WC predictors and associated outcomes, including
      graft patency, limb salvage, quality of life (QoL), resource utilization (RU),
      and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 543 (39%) patients developed a reported WC
      within 30 days of surgery, with infections (284, 52%) and hematoma/hemorrhage
      (121, 22%) being the most common type. Postoperative anticoagulation (odds ratio
      [OR], 1.554; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.202 to 2.009; P = .0008) and female
      gender (OR, 1.376; 95% CI, 1.076 to 1.757; P = .0108) were independent factors
      associated with WC. Primary, primary-assisted, and secondary graft patency rates
      were not influenced by the presence of WC; though, patients with WC were at
      increased risk for limb loss (hazard ratio [HR], 1.511; 95% CI 1.096 to 2.079; P
      = .0116) and higher mortality (HR, 1.449; 95% CI 1.098 to 1.912; P = .0089). WC
      was not significantly associated with lower QoL at 3 months (4.67 vs 4.79, P =
      .1947) and 12 months (5.02 vs 5.13, P = .2806). However, the subset of patients
      with serious WC (SWC) demonstrated significantly lower QoL at 3 months compared
      with patients without WC, (4.43 vs 4.79, respectively, P = .0166), though this
      difference was not seen at 12 months (4.94 vs 5.13, P = .2411). Patients with WC
      had higher RU than patients who did not have WC. Mean index length of hospital
      stay (LOS) was 2.3 days longer, mean cumulative 1-year LOS was 8.1 days longer,
      and mean number of hospitalizations was 0.5 occurrences greater for patients with
      WC compared with patients without WC (all P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: WC is a
      frequent complication of IB for CLI, associated with increased risk for major
      amputation, mortality, and greater RU. Further detailed investigation into the
      link between female gender and oral anticoagulation use with WC may help identify
      causes of WC and perhaps prevent or lessen their occurrence.

PMID- 18154996
TI  - Revascularization for chronic critical lower limb ischemia in octogenarians is
      worthwhile.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Advanced age is considered a relative contraindication for surgical
      revascularization in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Our aim
      was to analyze the usefulness of endovascular and surgical revascularization in
      patients older than 80 years with chronic critical leg ischemia (CLI). Our
      hypothesis was that the clinical benefit of lower extremity revascularization is
      limited in octogenarians. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study with a 1
      year follow-up. Subjects included a consecutive series (January 1999 to June
      2004) of patients presenting with CLI. Revascularization cohorts were either open
      surgical or endovascular with conservatively treated patients as a reference
      group. Prospective follow-up occurred after 30 days and 2, 6, and 12 months. The
      primary end point was sustained clinical success, defined as a categorical upward
      shift in clinical symptoms according to Rutherford, without major amputation and
      without the need for repeated target extremity revascularization (TER). Secondary
      clinical success was defined accordingly, including repeated TER. Mortality,
      major amputation, and TER were separately calculated end points. All results were
      stratified for age categories of nonoctogenarians (<80 years) and octogenarians
      (> or =80 years). Cumulative outcome was determined by the Kaplan-Meier method,
      and differences were assessed by log-rank tests. Multivariable analysis was
      performed by using Cox proportional regression. RESULTS: A total of 376 patients
      (158 women; mean age, 75.8 +/- 10.7 years) with 416 critically ischemic limbs
      were analyzed. Overall, 150 patients (39.9%) were older than 80 years, and 85
      limbs were treated surgically (26 octogenarians; 30.6%), 207 limbs (96
      octogenarians; 46.4%) were treated by endovascular means, and 124 limbs (45
      octogenarians; 36.3%) were treated conservatively, including delayed
      revascularization procedures. Both sustained and secondary clinical success
      rates, as well as limb salvage rates, were higher in the revascularization
      cohorts as compared with conservatively treated patients, regardless of age
      category (P < .001, P < .001, and P = .006, respectively, by Cox proportional
      hazard model). Mortality was significantly higher in octogenarians (P = .006 by
      Cox proportional hazard model), particularly within 30 days after surgical
      revascularization (hazard ratio, 5.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-24.9).
      Patient age category did not affect the rate of major amputations or TER.
      CONCLUSIONS: Individually tailored revascularization improves the outcome of CLI
      in octogenarians as well as in nonoctogenarians; even so, endovascular
      revascularization should be preferred in octogenarians because of the higher
      mortality associated with surgery.

PMID- 18154997
TI  - Accuracy of the screening physical examination to identify subclinical
      atherosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease in asymptomatic subjects.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the accuracy of the screening vascular physical
      examination for predicting asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) or
      subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic and apparently healthy subjects.
      METHODS: A standardized physical examination and a carotid and femoral
      ultrasonography were administered to 2736 men and women aged 20 to 90 years old,
      with no personal history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and no complaint of
      neurologic, coronary, or lower limb symptom. We assessed the accuracy of
      auscultation for bruits and pulse palpation for identifying the presence of
      significant carotid stenosis, carotid plaque, femoral plaque, and ankle-brachial
      index (ABI) <0.9 at ultrasonography. RESULTS: The presence of a femoral bruit
      provided information on the presence of both an ABI <0.9 (positive likelihood
      ratio [+LR], 2.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63 to 5.16) and a femoral
      plaque (+LR, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.22 to 4.71), and this information was independent
      from the cardiovascular risk factors. The absence of both pedal pulses also
      provided additional information, beyond risk factors, on the presence of an ABI
      <0.9 (+LR, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.93 to 6.60). The presence of a carotid bruit did not
      affect the likelihood of carotid stenosis, plaque, or intima-media thickness
      above the median. CONCLUSION: Unlike carotid auscultation, pulse palpation and
      auscultation for femoral bruits provided valuable information on the presence of
      asymptomatic PAD and underlying atherosclerosis in apparently healthy subjects.

PMID- 18154998
TI  - Increasing use of endovascular therapy in acute arterial injuries: analysis of
      the National Trauma Data Bank.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The application of endovascular technology for the emergency treatment
      of traumatic vascular injuries is a new frontier. This study examines recent
      nationwide use of endovascular therapy in acute arterial traumatic injuries.
      METHODS: This retrospective study used the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB).
      Cases with a diagnosis of arterial vascular injury were identified according to
      the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical
      Modification, and procedure codes for endovascular therapy were selected. A
      descriptive analysis and multiple regressions were performed to identify
      variables predictive of outcomes. RESULTS: From 1994 to 2003, 12,732 arterial
      injuries were identified. Between 1997 (when the first endovascular repair was
      recorded in the NTDB) and 2003, 7286 open arterial repairs and 281 endovascular
      repairs were recorded for an overall utilization rate for endovascular procedures
      of 3.7%. The yearly number of endovascular procedures registered in the NTDB
      increased 27-fold, from four in 1997 to 107 in 2003. Use of stents substantially
      increased from 12 in 2000 to 30 in 2003; endograft use increased from one in 2000
      to 37 in 2003. Nearly equal numbers of blunt (n = 134) and penetrating (n = 111)
      injuries were treated. The injury severity score (median, interquartile range
      [IRQ]) was significantly lower in patients who underwent an endovascular
      procedure at 13 (IRQ, 9 to 26) for trauma vs patients requiring an open procedure
      at 20 (IRQ, 10 to 34; P < .001), a finding corroborated by the lower number of
      associated injuries in patients undergoing endovascular repair (8.7 +/- 7.2 vs
      13.0 +/- 16.1, P < .001). Using multivariable regression to control for
      differences in injury severity score and associated injuries, mortality was
      significantly lower for patients undergoing endovascular procedures (odds ratio,
      0.18; P = .029) including those with an arterial injury of the torso or head and
      neck (odds ratio, 0.51, P = .007). Total length of hospital stay also tended to
      be lower for patients undergoing endovascular procedures by 18% (P = .064).
      CONCLUSION: The use of endovascular therapy in the setting of acute trauma is
      increasing in a dramatic fashion and is being used to treat a wide variety of
      vessels injured by blunt and penetrating mechanisms. Endovascular therapy appears
      to be particularly suitable for patients who present with less severe injuries
      and greater hemodynamic stability. These preliminary data suggest that the use of
      endovascular therapy for acute traumatic arterial injuries yields shorter lengths
      of stay and improved survival.

PMID- 18154999
TI  - Traumatic pseudoaneurysms of the head and neck: early endovascular intervention.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Trauma to the head and neck with military munitions often presents
      with complex multisystem injury patterns. Vascular evaluation typically focuses
      on the carotid and vertebral arteries; however, trauma to branches of the
      external carotid artery may also result in devastating complications.
      Pseudoaneurysms are the most frequent finding on delayed evaluation and can
      result in life-threatening episodes of rebleeding. METHODS: Patients evacuated
      from the Afghanistan and Iraq conflicts with penetrating injury to the face and
      neck were evaluated by the vascular surgery service to determine the potential
      for unsuspected vascular injury. Patients with significant penetrating injury
      underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA) as the initial evaluation and
      subsequent arteriography in cases where injuries were suspected or metallic
      fragments produced artifacts obscuring the vasculature. Data on all vascular
      evaluations were entered prospectively into a database and retrospectively
      reviewed. RESULTS: Between February 2003 and March 2007, 124 patients were
      evaluated for significant penetrating trauma to the head and neck. Thirteen
      pseudoaneurysms of the head and neck were found in 11 patients: two in the
      internal carotid artery, one of the vertebral artery, and 10 involving branches
      of the external carotid. Seven pseudoaneurysms were symptomatic, of which two
      presented with episodes of massive bleeding and airway compromise. Seven
      pseudoaneurysms were treated with coil embolization, 1 with Gelfoam (Upjohn,
      Kalamazoo, Mich) embolization, 2 with stent grafts, 2 with open repair, and 1
      with observation alone. None of the patients undergoing embolization had
      complications; however, a stent graft of the internal carotid artery occluded
      early, without stroke. All of the pseudoaneurysms had resolved on follow-up CTA
      or angiogram. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudoaneurysms are a common finding in patients with
      high-velocity gunshot wounds or blast injuries to the head and neck. Most involve
      branches of the external carotid artery and can be treated by embolization. CTA
      should be performed on all patients with high-velocity gunshot wounds or in cases
      of blast trauma with fragmentation injuries of the head and neck.

PMID- 18155000
TI  - The appropriate length of great saphenous vein stripping should be based on the
      extent of reflux and not on the intent to avoid saphenous nerve injury.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of stripping the below knee great saphenous
      vein (GSV) segment on varicose vein recurrence as well as any disability induced
      after saphenous nerve injury (SNI) during a 5-year period. METHODS: One hundred
      and six limbs (86 patients, 64 female, mean age 46 years), that underwent GSV
      stripping, to the knee or ankle level, were prospectively followed up at 1 month
      and 5 years postoperatively with clinical examination and color duplex imaging
      (CDI), in order to evaluate SNI and the development of recurrence. The extent of
      GSV stripping complied with preoperative CDI in 84 limbs (79%) that were
      subjected to GSV stripping to the ankle and full abolishment of duplex-confirmed
      reflux. Furthermore, 19 limbs (18%) underwent stripping restricted to the below
      knee level since the distal GSV was competent. On the contrary, in three limbs
      (3%), the extent of stripping did not comply with preoperative CDI due to the
      absence of varicosities in the tibia, and stripping was restricted to the knee
      level, although they had reflux along the whole GSV length. RESULTS: Overall
      recurrence was found in 24 out of 106 operated limbs (23%) after 5 years.
      Recurrence was found to be 20% (17/84) in the limbs with total GSV stripping and
      32% (7/22) in the limbs with restricted GSV stripping (P > .05). However, the
      recurrence rate in the tibial area was significantly lower in limbs subjected to
      GSV stripping, which was in compliance with the preoperative CDI (9/103, 9%)
      compared with those that had undergone GSV stripping that was not in agreement
      with the preoperative CDI (3/3, 100%; P < .005). Neurological examination at 1
      month postoperatively, revealed SNI in 17 limbs (16%). However, at the 5-year
      neurological reassessment, we found that seven out of these limbs (40%) were
      alleviated from SNI adverse symptoms presenting only deficits in sensation. In
      addition, no significance was found concerning SNI between limbs subjected to
      total and restricted GSV stripping (16/84 vs 1/22; P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Though
      SNI may occur after both restricted and total GSV stripping, this does not
      influence limb disability since any related symptoms seem to regress in almost
      half of the limbs 5 years postoperatively. Additionally, it seems that recurrence
      could be reduced in the tibial area if the level of GSV stripping complies with
      the extent of the ultrosonographically proven GSV reflux. Therefore, the extent
      of GSV stripping should not be guided by the intent of avoiding SNI.

PMID- 18155001
TI  - Endovenous 980-nm laser treatment of saphenous veins in a series of 500 patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In recent years, endovenous laser treatment (ELT) has been proposed
      to treat incompetent great saphenous veins (GSV). This study reports the long
      term outcome of ELT in a series of 500 patients. METHODS: Incompetent GSV
      segments in 500 patients (436 women, 64 men) with a mean age of 52.6 years
      (range, 19 to 83 years) were treated with intraluminal ELT using a 980-nm diode
      laser (Pharaon, Osyris, France). The GSV diameter was measured by Duplex
      examination in an upright position in different GSV segments (1.5 cm below the
      saphenofemoral junction, crural segment, condylar segment, and sural segment).
      These measurements were used to determine the optimal linear endovenous energy
      density (LEED) for each segment. During treatment, patients were maintained in
      the Trendelenburg position. Patients were evaluated clinically and by duplex
      scanning at 1 and 8 days, 1 and 6 months, and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years to assess
      treatment efficacy and adverse reactions. RESULTS: A total of 511 GSVs were
      treated. The mean diameter was 7.5 mm (range, 2.4 to 15.0). The LEED was tuned as
      a function of the initial GSV diameter measured in the orthostatic position, from
      50 J/cm (3 mm) up to 120 J/cm (15 mm). At the 1-week follow-up, 9.3% of the
      patients reported moderate pain. In the immediate postoperative period, the
      closure rate was 98.0% and remained constant during the 4-year follow-up to reach
      97.1%. After 1 year, a complete disappearance of the GSV or minimal residual
      fibrous cord was noted. Major complications have not been detected; in
      particular, no deep venous thrombosis. Ecchymoses were seen in 60%, transitory
      paresthesia was observed in 7%. There was no dyschromia, superficial burns,
      thrombophlebitis, or palpable indurations. Complementary phlebectomy was done in
      98% of patients. Failures occurred only in large veins (saphenofemoral junction
      diameter >1.1 cm or for GSV truncular diameter >0.8 cm) CONCLUSION: ELT of the
      incompetent GSV with a 980-nm diode laser appears to be an extremely safe
      technique, particularly when the energy applied is calculated as a function of
      the GSV diameter. It is associated with only minor effects. Currently, ELT has
      become the method of choice for treating superficial veins and has almost
      replaced the treatment of traditional ligation and stripping.

PMID- 18155002
TI  - Sphingosine-1-phosphate-induced oxygen free radical generation in smooth muscle
      cell migration requires Galpha12/13 protein-mediated phospholipase C activation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1-P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that
      stimulates the migration of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) through G-protein
      coupled receptors; it has been shown to activate reduced nicotinamide
      dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NAD[P]H) oxidase. The role of phospholipase C
      (PLC) in oxygen free radical generation, and the regulation of VSMC migration in
      response to S-1-P, are poorly understood. METHODS: Rat arterial VSMC were
      cultured in vitro. Oxygen free radical generation was measured by fluorescent
      redox indicator assays in response to S-1-P (0.1microM) in the presence and
      absence of the active PLC inhibitor (U73122; U7, 10nM) or its inactive analog
      U73343 (InactiveU7, 10nM). Activation of PLC was assessed by immunoprecipitation
      and Western blotting for the phosphorylated isozymes (beta and gamma). Small
      interfering (si) RNA to the G-proteins Galphai, Galphaq, and Galpha12/13 was used
      to downregulate specific proteins. Statistics were by one-way analysis of
      variance (n = 6). RESULTS: S-1-P induced time-dependent activation of PLC-beta
      and PLC-gamma; PLC-beta but not PLC-gamma activation was blocked by U7 but not by
      InactiveU7. PLC-beta activation was Galphai-independent (not blocked by pertussis
      toxin, a Galphai inhibitor, or Galphai2 and Galphai3 siRNA) and Galphaq
      independent (not blocked by glycoprotein [GP] 2A, a Galphaq inhibitor, or Galphaq
      siRNA). PLC-beta activation and cell migration was blocked by siRNA to
      Galpha12/13. Oxygen free radical generation induced by S-1-P, as measured by
      dihydroethidium staining, was significantly inhibited by U7 but not by
      InactiveU7. Inhibition of oxygen free radicals with the inhibitor
      diphenyleneiodonium resulted in decreased cell migration to S-1-P. VSMC mitogen
      activated protein kinase activation and VSMC migration in response to S-1-P was
      inhibited by PLC- inhibition. CONCLUSION: S-1-P induces oxygen free radical
      generation through a Galpha12/13, PLC-beta-mediated mechanism that facilitates
      VSMC migration. To our knowledge, this is the first description of PLC-mediated
      oxygen free radical generation as a mediator of S-1-P VSMC migration and
      illustrates the need for the definition of cell signaling to allow targeted
      strategies in molecular therapeutics for restenosis.

PMID- 18155003
TI  - Cysteine protease activity in the wall of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cysteine proteases are potent elastolytic enzymes and together with
      their inhibitor, cystatin C, have been linked with the growth of abdominal aortic
      aneurysms (AAAs). These enzymes and their inhibitors have previously been studied
      in AAAs, but comparisons have always been made with wall from normal aorta.
      Atherosclerosis is a feature of aneurysmal disease and may therefore confound
      comparisons with normal wall. This study compared the expression and activity of
      cysteine proteases and their inhibitors in aneurysm wall with their expression in
      the aortic wall of patients with aortic occlusive disease (AOD). METHODS: Aortic
      wall was obtained from 82 patients with AAA and 13 with AOD. Protein expression
      and activity of cathepsin B, H, K, L and S, and cystatins A, B, and C were
      measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and specific fluorogenic substrate
      assays. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) activity was measured by quantitative
      bioimmunoassay in the same extracts. RESULTS: AAA wall had 330% more cathepsin H
      protein (P = .007) and >30% less cystatin C (P = .03) than the aortic wall from
      patients with AOD. The activity of cathepsins B, H, L, and S was significantly
      greater in AAA than AOD (376%, [P < .0001], 191%, [P = 0.019], 223%, P = 0.002,
      and approximately 20% [P = 0.045] respectively). MMP-9 activity was also
      increased in AAA compared with AOD (P<0.0001) and levels in the wall of AAA
      correlated positively with cathepsin L activity (r = 0.42, P<.0001) and
      negatively with cystatin C (r = -0.75, P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The activity of
      four cathepsins B, H, L, and S was higher in the aneurysm wall than in aortic
      wall of patients with occlusive disease. This was associated with a reduced level
      of cystatin C in the aneurysmal wall. Cathepsin H was the only protein in which
      there was a correlation between protein level and activity, which suggests that
      post-translational modifications were responsible for activation of the other
      cathepsins. Increased cathepsin activity may influence the activity of MMP-9,
      which is thought to have an important role in aneurysm development.

PMID- 18155004
TI  - Aortic dissection originating from an aberrant right subclavian artery.
AB  - A 47-year-old male patient presented with aortic dissection originating from an
      aberrant right subclavian artery. Intraoperative arteriography showed an anomaly
      of the aortic arch including a common carotid trunk and an aberrant right
      subclavian artery. An intimal tear was located in the aberrant right subclavian
      artery. Dissection retrogradely involved the aortic arch and then anterogradely
      involved the distal aorta. We treated the patient endovascularly with a Wallgraft
      endoprosthesis deployed in the aberrant right subclavian artery to seal the entry
      site. Follow-up computed tomography showed a satisfactory healing process with
      complete thrombosis in the proximal part of the false lumen.

PMID- 18155005
TI  - Dual guidewire placement to enhance arch vessel origin identification: a simple
      technique to facilitate ostial aortic arch vessel stenting.
AB  - Orificial occlusive lesion involving the aortic arch vessels is commonly treated
      with balloon-expandable stent placement. Stenting of such a lesion typically
      involves an initial aortogram to precisely identify the vessel origin, followed
      by deployment of a balloon-expandable stent to cover the ostial lesion. We report
      a simple technique of an antegrade femoral guidewire placement along the outer
      curvature of the aortic arch to facilitate the identification of the origin of
      aortic arch vessels. This enhanced ostial visualization enables a precise
      positioning and deployment of a balloon-expandable stent in aortic arch vessels.
      This dual guidewire technique facilitates the visual identification of arch
      vessel origin and reduces potential contrast requirement, which provides
      procedural benefit in patients with renal insufficiency or contrast allergy.

PMID- 18155006
TI  - Infected abdominal aortic aneurysm caused by Brucella abortus: a case report.
AB  - This case report describes an infected aneurysm caused by Brucella abortus. To
      the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first reported occurrence of
      an infected abdominal aortic aneurysm caused by this pathogen. The clinical
      findings included mild fever, fatigue, cold sweats, and abdominal pain. The
      diagnosis was reached by computed tomography scanning. The patient was treated by
      urgent surgery, which consisted of resection of the aneurysmal sac, prosthetic
      graft replacement, and omental wrapping. Antibiotics were administrated for 3
      months. A bacteriologic specimen was isolated from the blood culture. At 1 year
      10 months after surgery, the patient remains in good health.

PMID- 18155007
TI  - Autologous repair of an internal carotid artery aneurysm by resection, caliber
      reduction, and external mesh tube reinforcement in a 9-year-old boy.
AB  - Extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysms in children are rare, with a
      reported incidence of 0.5% to 1.9% in internal carotid artery aneurysm operations
      compared with all carotid operations in adult patients. We report a case of
      surgical reconstruction of an extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm in a
      9-year-old boy. Our patient complained of episodic neck pain on the left site
      under the mastoid process for the last year. The child was otherwise healthy.
      Autologous reconstruction without graft interposition was planned. Surgical
      repair was performed by resection of the main body of the aneurysm and
      restoration of the arterial continuity with end-to-end anastomosis. Because
      nondilated proximal and distal vessels could not be approximated, the most distal
      end of the aneurysm was tapered over a mandril. To prevent redilation, a tubular
      polyester external stent was fitted around the diseased segment.

PMID- 18155008
TI  - True aneurysm of a metatarsal artery.

PMID- 18155009
TI  - Bedside vena cava filter placement with intravascular ultrasound: a simple,
      accurate, single venous access method.
AB  - Two techniques of vena cava filter placement with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)
      guidance have been described previously. Placement with real-time IVUS imaging
      requires two venous access sites, one for the filter delivery system and one for
      the IVUS catheter, which makes the procedure more invasive. Alternatively, a
      single-access technique of IVUS imaging of the vena cava requires measuring the
      distance from the access site to the desired location for filter placement and
      then delivering the filter to that distance blindly, risking filter misplacement.
      We describe in this article a single puncture technique that allows for real-time
      imaging to position the filter delivery sheath using IVUS and reduces the
      uncertainty of the blind positioning of the filter delivery system.

PMID- 18155010
TI  - Medical tort falls short in court.

PMID- 18155011
TI  - Regarding "Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm reduces both aneurysm-related
      and all-cause mortality".

PMID- 18155012
TI  - Recognition of Air Force surgeons at Wilford Hall Medical Center-supported 332nd
      EMDG/Air Force Theater Hospital, Balad Air Base, Iraq.

PMID- 18155015
TI  - Novel numerical method for calculating initial flux of colloid particle
      adsorption through an energy barrier.
AB  - Using variable substitution, we present a general method for the numerical
      solution of stiff, ordinary, linear, homogeneous differential equations
      characteristic of colloid particle adsorption/deposition over an energy barrier.
      For the example of the radial impinging jet system, we demonstrate the
      application of this method of calculating the colloid concentration profile and
      initial particle flux in the presence of repulsive electrostatic interactions
      between the particle and adsorption surface. We show that our method works well
      in systems with energy barriers up to the order of hundreds of kT, at which point
      the adsorption flux vanishes. The numerical results obtained with our method are
      in good agreement with the known limiting analytical approximations for the
      particle flux through an energy barrier and for a low Peclet number. The
      developed numerical code is very stable over a wide range of physical parameters,
      and its accuracy for the most challenging parameter sets is on the order of 10(
      4). To achieve this stability, we have derived and employed a single formula for
      the van der Waals dispersion interaction, working at both a small and a large
      separation distance. We show that this formula converges to the known available
      analytical expressions for dispersion forces in the limit of small and large
      separation distance. We also demonstrate that the maximum deviations between our
      formula and the other equations appear in the intermediate range of the
      separation distance and do not exceed 10%.

PMID- 18155016
TI  - Layer-by-layer assembled gold nanoparticle films on amine-terminated substrates.
AB  - This work reports the fabrication and characterization of multilayered gold
      nanoparticle (AuNP) thin films on aminosilane functionalized substrates. The
      films are fabricated via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly using as-synthesized, un
      modified AuNPs and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) as the building blocks. While
      most literature reports that AuNP based LbL assemblies are constructed with a
      single interlayer binding force, this work shows that both coordination and
      electrostatic interaction are involved in the process of assembly based on X-ray
      photoelectron spectroscopic results. The stepwise film growth behavior is
      demonstrated by atomic force spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. It is found
      that the particles agglomerate with each other and form large clusters when the
      number of assembled layers increases.

PMID- 18155017
TI  - Electrical impedance spectroscopy investigation of surfactant-magnetite
      polypyrrole particles.
AB  - We report an electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterization of
      composite systems formed by emulsion polymerization of polypyrrole (PPY) in
      concentrated aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) containing
      dispersed magnetite particles. SDS-(Fe3O4)-(conducting polymer) microaggregates
      with different iron contents were prepared by varying in a reciprocal manner the
      relative amounts of the metal oxide and PPY. We have measured the zeta-potential
      and the average size of the corresponding dispersed particles and examined their
      relative composition through energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis and
      Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Important aspects of the charge
      transport in these composite particles can be identified by mapping the real and
      imaginary parts of their complex impedance as a function of the frequency of the
      applied external electric field. For instance, for binary composites SDS-(Fe3O4)
      polarization effects are dominant at the low-frequency regime, with a well
      defined dielectric relaxation easily identifiable. On the other hand, when the
      relative amount of PPY is progressively increased in the ternary SDS-(Fe3O4)-PPY
      composites, a transition between different charge transport mechanisms is
      observed at higher frequencies. The EIS results suggest that in these ternary
      aggregates the PPY chains envelop the metal oxide clusters and effectively shield
      them from the external field, and that only in binary samples that do not contain
      PPY is that the surfactant molecules can directly enclose the magnetite
      particles. These results are consistent with the fact that the average size of
      the aggregates in the ternary composites is in general larger than those of
      either SDS-PPY or SDS-magnetite binary particles.

PMID- 18155018
TI  - Aggregation behavior of a series of anionic sulfonate gemini surfactants and
      their corresponding monomeric surfactant.
AB  - A series of anionic sulfonate gemini surfactants with the general structure of
      [(Cn H2n+1)(C3H6SO(-)3) NCsN(C3H6SO(-)3)(CnH2n+1)].2Na+ have been synthesized.
      While the spacer group Cs represents p-xylyl or (CH2)3, the surfactants are
      abbreviated as CnCpxCn(SO3)2 (n=8,10,12) or C12C3C12(SO3)2(n=12), respectively. A
      corresponding monomeric surfactant C12H25N(CH3)(C3H6SO(-)3).Na+(C12NSO3) has also
      been prepared. The aggregation behavior of these surfactants has been studied at
      pH 9.2 and ionic strength of 30 mM. The gemini surfactants exhibit stronger
      aggregation tendencies and much less endothermic enthalpy changes of
      micellization (DeltaH mic) compared with the monomeric surfactant. The critical
      micelle concentrations (CMC) of the gemini surfactants decrease with the increase
      of the hydrophobic chain length from C8CpxC8(SO3)2 to C10CpxC10(SO3)2, but the
      CMC values of C10CpxC10(SO3)2 and C12CpxC12(SO3)2 are very close. The DeltaH mic
      values vary from endothermic for C8CpxC8(SO3)2 to almost zero for
      C12CpxC12(SO3)2. Besides, vesicles are observed above the CMC for all these
      surfactants. The water-mediated intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the
      tertiary nitrogen groups may assist C12NSO3 and C12C3C12(SO3)2 in their vesicle
      formation, while the pi-pi interaction between aromatic rings should be another
      additional driving force for the vesicle formation of CnCpxCn(SO3)2. Meanwhile,
      the hydrogen bonding, pi-pi interaction, and strong hydrophobic interaction
      provide the possibility of a multilayer formation for C12CpxC12(SO3)2 and
      C12C3C12(SO3)2 at the air/water interface, which is a possible reason for the
      extremely small minimum area occupied per surfactant molecule at the air/water
      interface for these two gemini surfactants.

PMID- 18155019
TI  - Self-assembly properties of some chiral N-palmitoyl amino acid surfactants in
      aqueous solution.
AB  - Various chiral N-palmitoyl amino acid surfactants (AAS) derived from methionine,
      proline, leucine, threonine, phenylalanine and phenylglycine were prepared and
      converted to their sodium salt. The properties of the aggregates formed in
      aqueous solution were studied for both the optically-active compounds and their
      racemic mixture. Characterization was made by surface tensiometry, fluorimetry,
      dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism (CD) and transmission electron
      microscopy. It appeared that most of the AAS studied in this work spontaneously
      formed different types of aggregates, including micrometer-sized aggregates. No
      significant difference could be found between the critical aggregation
      concentration (cac) value of pure enantiomers and that of the racemic forms. CD
      spectra did not reveal any aggregation-induced chirality.

PMID- 18155020
TI  - A strategy for bacterial production of a soluble functional human neonatal Fc
      receptor.
AB  - The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I related receptor, the neonatal
      Fc receptor (FcRn), rescues immunoglobulin G (IgG) and albumin from lysosomal
      degradation by recycling in endothelial cells. FcRn also contributes to passive
      immunity by mediating transport of IgG from mother to fetus (human) or newborn
      (rodents), and may translocate IgG over mucosal surfaces. FcRn interacts with the
      Fc-region of IgG and domain III of albumin with binding at pH 6.0 and release at
      pH 7.4. Knowledge of these interactions has facilitated design of recombinant
      proteins with altered serum half-lives and/or altered biodistribution. To
      generate further research in this field, there is a great need for large amounts
      of soluble human FcRn (shFcRn) for in vitro interaction studies. In this report,
      we describe a novel laboratory scale production of functional shFcRn in
      Escherichia coli (E. coli) at milligram level. Truncated wild type hFcRn heavy
      chains were expressed, extracted, purified from inclusion bodies under denaturing
      non-reducing conditions, and subsequently refolded in the presence of human
      beta(2)-microglobulin (hbeta(2)m). The secondary structural elements of refolded
      heterodimeric shFcRn were correctly formed as demonstrated by circular dichroism
      (CD). Furthermore, functional and stringent pH dependent binding to IgG and human
      serum albumin were demonstrated by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
      This method may be easily adapted for the expression of large amounts of other
      FcRn species and MHC class I related molecules.

PMID- 18155021
TI  - T cells for suicide gene therapy: activation, functionality and clinical
      relevance.
AB  - In order to control graft-versus-host disease after donor lymphocyte infusion, T
      cells can be retrovirally transduced with a suicide gene. However, the immune
      competence of activated T cells appears compromised, responsible for reduced
      alloreactivity. The present study compared different activation protocols using
      soluble or bead-coupled antibodies regarding T-cell subtype expansion capacity
      and functionality. T cells were purified on a laboratory and clinical scale using
      both CD3 and CD4/CD8 antibodies for selection, leading to a mean purity of 96%.
      Transductions were performed with a GMP-grade CD34/HSV-TK vector. Activation with
      soluble CD3/CD28-antibodies +1000 U/ml IL-2 induced a 50-fold expansion of T
      cells over 14 days, whereas T cells activated with bead-coupled antibodies only
      expanded 2-4-fold restricted to the first week. Apart from using soluble
      antibodies, proliferation was highly IL-2 dependent. Expansion of CMV-specific T
      cells coincided with the expansion of whole CD3(+) cells. Soluble antibodies and
      higher IL-2 concentrations preferentially stimulated CD8(+) T cells, while bead
      coupled antibodies +20 U/ml IL-2 preserved the CD4/CD8 ratio. Irrespective of the
      activation protocol, there was a shift from a naive to memory phenotype. When
      activated with soluble antibodies, mainly CD8(+) T cells were transduced.
      Furthermore, Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion was reduced. In contrast, CD4(+)/CD8(+) T
      cells activated with bead-coupled antibodies were rather homogenously transduced
      and cytokine secretion did not appear to be affected.

PMID- 18155022
TI  - Modulation of the atrial specific Kv1.5 channel by the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty
      acid, alpha-linolenic acid.
AB  - Epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies suggest that the
      cardioprotective effect of fish intake is mainly due to the antiarrhythmic
      properties of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which modulate ion
      currents. Emerging evidences point to similar effects of alpha-linolenic acid
      (ALA), a vegetable n-3 PUFA, but much less is known about its effects on the
      specific cardiac ion channels. Using electrophysiology, protein biochemistry and
      fluorescence anisotropy measurements, we tested the effects of ALA on the atrial
      specific Kv1.5 channel. In stably transfected Ltk(-) cells, ALA blocked Kv1.5
      channels in a time- and voltage-dependent manner with an IC(50) value of 3.7+/
      0.3 microM. ALA at 2.5 microM inhibited the Kv1.5 current, shifted the midpoint
      of the activation curve by -8.8+/-4.3 mV (p<0.05), accelerated the activation
      kinetics of Kv1.5 due to a negative shift in its voltage dependency and slowed
      its deactivation process. Marine n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic
      (EPA and DHA) acids, but not ALA, reduced the steady-state levels of Kv1.5
      protein. DHA, but not ALA, increased the cell membrane order parameter. These
      results demonstrate that ALA directly blocks atria-specific Kv1.5 channels
      without modifying their expression or the bilayer order. Together, these effects
      suggest that the antiarrhythmic potential of diets enriched with plant-derived n
      3 PUFA result, in part, from direct effects on cardiac ion channels.

PMID- 18155023
TI  - Research with adolescents: parental involvement required?

PMID- 18155024
TI  - Ethical approaches to adolescent participation in sexual health research.
AB  - PURPOSE: In this paper we make the case for the importance of adolescent sexual
      health research, and argue that requiring parental consent for adolescent
      participation may (a) be unwarranted, (b) be inconsistent with the principles of
      justice and inclusiveness, (c) be confusing, and (d) serve to silence young
      people who most need to have a voice in sexual health research. METHODS: Through
      a case study of the Toronto Teen Survey, we offer concrete suggestions and
      alternatives for protecting adolescent health research participants in community
      based settings and promoting ethical research approaches. RESULTS: Strategies
      suggested include: (1) adopting a community-based participatory research
      approach, (2) careful attention to youth-friendly protocols and consent
      procedures, (3) proper training of all research staff and peer researchers, (4)
      partnering with experienced community based youth-serving agencies, (5) paying
      maximum attention to issues of confidentiality and anonymity, and (6) valuing
      participation appropriately. CONCLUSIONS: Institutional review boards and
      researchers should be encouraged to adopt localized context-dependent strategies
      that attend to the unique vulnerabilities of their particular study populations.
      Attention to flexibility, vulnerability, and community-specific needs is
      necessary to ensure appropriate ethical research practices that attend to the
      health and well-being of young people.

PMID- 18155025
TI  - Antibullying legislation: a public health perspective.
AB  - PURPOSE: To determine the extent to which aspects of public health policy have
      been incorporated into the antibullying statutes enacted in the United States.
      METHODS: We reviewed all the state laws dealing with school bullying, harassment,
      and/or intimidation enacted in the United States as of June 2007. These laws were
      evaluated using an Antibullying Public Health Policy Criteria Index, designed for
      the purpose of this study. The criteria included presence of a bullying
      definition, a prohibition of bullying, a statutory recognition of bullying as a
      public health threat, and a call for prevention programs. As part of that
      evaluation, laws were examined to ascertain whether they evidenced essential
      elements of public health concerns and also the extent to which the U.S. school
      age population was protected by these laws. RESULTS: As of June 2007, 35 states
      have enacted antibullying legislation that aims to protect the safety of 77% of
      U.S. students enrolled in public schools. However, only 16 of those states have
      enacted statutes that incorporate comprehensive basic public health antibullying
      principles. CONCLUSIONS: There is an urgent need for implementation of school
      bullying prevention laws. Such laws should clearly define the problem of bullying
      in schools and its associated health risks, prohibit bullying, require
      implementation of prevention programs, provide funding for prevention activities,
      and confer adequate and appropriate jurisdiction.

PMID- 18155026
TI  - Longitudinal associations between problem alcohol use and violent victimization
      in a national sample of adolescents.
AB  - PURPOSE: Research indicates that alcohol use is both a risk factor for and a
      consequence of violent victimization. This study investigated the longitudinal
      associations between problem alcohol use and victimization, and whether these
      associations varied by gender. METHODS: Data from the National Longitudinal Study
      on Adolescent Health (Add Health) were used to investigate the prospective
      associations between alcohol use and victimization over three time points
      spanning 7 years. Because adolescence is a time of rapid growth, we used latent
      growth modeling (LGM) in addition to traditional cross-lagged structural equation
      modeling (SEM). RESULTS: For boys, both SEM and LGM indicated that problem
      alcohol use was a risk factor for subsequent violent victimization. For girls,
      the SEM suggested a bi-directional association, although the LGM provided
      stronger support for problem alcohol use as a risk factor for, rather than a
      consequence of, violent victimization. CONCLUSIONS: Findings across the two
      statistical approaches suggest that interventions that reduce the likelihood of
      problem alcohol use among adolescents can minimize the short-term risk of
      victimization and the long-term risk of problem alcohol use in young adulthood.

PMID- 18155027
TI  - Receptivity to alcohol marketing predicts initiation of alcohol use.
AB  - PURPOSE: This longitudinal study examined the influence of alcohol advertising
      and promotions on the initiation of alcohol use. A measure of receptivity to
      alcohol marketing was developed from research about tobacco marketing. Recall and
      recognition of alcohol brand names were also examined. METHODS: Data were
      obtained from in-class surveys of sixth, seventh, and eighth graders at baseline
      and 12-month follow-up. Participants who were classified as never drinkers at
      baseline (n = 1,080) comprised the analysis sample. Logistic regression models
      examined the association of advertising receptivity at baseline with any alcohol
      use and current drinking at follow-up, adjusting for multiple risk factors,
      including peer alcohol use, school performance, risk taking, and demographics.
      RESULTS: At baseline, 29% of never drinkers either owned or wanted to use an
      alcohol branded promotional item (high receptivity), 12% students named the brand
      of their favorite alcohol ad (moderate receptivity), and 59% were not receptive
      to alcohol marketing. Approximately 29% of adolescents reported any alcohol use
      at follow-up; 13% reported drinking at least 1 or 2 days in the past month. Never
      drinkers who reported high receptivity to alcohol marketing at baseline were 77%
      more likely to initiate drinking by follow-up than those were not receptive.
      Smaller increases in the odds of alcohol use at follow-up were associated with
      better recall and recognition of alcohol brand names at baseline. CONCLUSIONS:
      Alcohol advertising and promotions are associated with the uptake of drinking.
      Prevention programs may reduce adolescents' receptivity to alcohol marketing by
      limiting their exposure to alcohol ads and promotions and by increasing their
      skepticism about the sponsors' marketing tactics.

PMID- 18155028
TI  - Initiation of methamphetamine use among young Thai drug users: a qualitative
      study.
AB  - PURPOSE: Methamphetamine (MA) has become the leading drug of abuse in northern
      Thailand over the past several years, particularly among youth. The current
      qualitative study examines factors associated with initiation of MA use. METHODS:
      Between March 2002 and January 2003, 48 in-depth interviews with young MA users
      were conducted in advance of a randomized, MA harm reduction, peer outreach
      intervention trial. The interviews were conducted in the city of Chiang Mai and
      the surrounding district. Data were inductively analyzed using the constant
      comparative method common to grounded theory methods. Atlas-ti was used for data
      management. RESULTS: Participants were 57% male and had a median age of 20 years
      (range 15-31 years). A culture of MA ubiquity characterized participants'
      initiation stories. Drug ubiquity encompassed three elements: the extent of MA
      use within peer networks; the availability of MA; and exposure to MA before
      initiation. All participants were introduced to MA by people close to them, most
      often by their friends. Internal reasons for trying MA were curiosity, a way to
      lose weight or to enhance hard work, and a way to "forget life's problems." With
      the prevalence of MA use among participants' peers, initiation seemed inevitable.
      CONCLUSIONS: Initiation was characterized as ubiquitous in terms of peer
      networks' use and availability. Because of the prevalent norm of MA use, these
      data indicate that interventions targeting social networks and young Thais before
      MA initiation are needed.

PMID- 18155029
TI  - Environmental injustice: childhood lead poisoning, teen pregnancy, and tobacco.
AB  - PURPOSE: This study investigates the persistent relationships between childhood
      lead exposure, repeat teen pregnancy, and tobacco use in a sample of teenage
      females in Syracuse, NY. METHODS: We analyzed the association of childhood lead
      poisoning with repeat pregnancy and tobacco use among 536 teens (aged 15-19
      years) in Syracuse, NY, who received services at Syracuse Healthy Start between
      1998 and 2002. RESULTS: The mothers' childhood lead exposure, controlling for
      race, age, and Medicaid status, was associated with repeat teen pregnancy and
      tobacco use. CONCLUSION: Long-term negative health outcomes associated with
      childhood lead exposure should not be underestimated. This study helps to shore
      up prior research that found lead poisoning to have a long-lasting impact on
      children's functioning and healthy development. Policy efforts focused on
      neighborhood development and health education continue to be sorely needed.

PMID- 18155030
TI  - Socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of work-related injuries among
      adolescents in the United States.
AB  - PURPOSE: To explore whether socioeconomic disparities exist in the prevalence of
      work-related injury among adolescents ages 14-18 in the United States. METHODS: A
      cross-sectional analysis of previously collected survey data was performed. Data
      were gathered in a single metropolitan high school and included work-related
      injury prevalence and two measures of socioeconomic status (SES): mother's
      education level and working to support one's family. Because of the high
      prevalence of our outcome, Cox regression was used to calculate prevalence
      ratios. RESULTS: Evidence of an inverse association between adolescents' SES and
      prevalence of work-related injuries was found. A statistically significant dose
      response relationship remained after controlling for hours worked per week, work
      history duration and race (Wald-test, 3 df, p = .039). A 30% drop in prevalence
      of work-related injuries was found between the lowest and highest level of
      mother's education. In addition, adolescents who worked to support their families
      had an elevated prevalence of work-related injury (adjusted prevalence ratio =
      1.25, 95% confidence interval [1.07, 1.46]). Race stratified results showed the
      associations between injury and both measures of SES were strongest among whites
      in this sample. CONCLUSIONS: Results support the hypothesized protective effect
      of parental SES on the prevalence of work-related injuries among adolescents.
      More research is needed to test this association in a larger population and to
      understand the pathways that might explain it. Collection of SES measures in
      surveillance systems that gather data on work-related injuries is recommended to
      support new research on this topic.

PMID- 18155031
TI  - Do chronic medical conditions increase the risk of eating disorder? A cross
      sectional investigation of eating pathology in adolescent females with scoliosis
      and diabetes.
AB  - PURPOSE: To investigate levels of eating pathology in female adolescents
      diagnosed with a chronic condition causing appearance change (adolescent-onset
      idiopathic scoliosis), a chronic condition affecting nutritional behavior
      (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), and healthy age-matched controls. METHOD:
      Cross-sectional comparison of 192 females aged 11-19 years; 76 individuals
      diagnosed with scoliosis, 40 diagnosed with diabetes, and 76 control
      participants. Disordered eating behavior was quantified using the Eating Disorder
      Examination Questionnaire, and weight and body mass index (weight [kg]/height
      [m(2)]) measurements were taken for each participant. RESULTS: The scoliosis
      group weighed less and had lower BMI scores (p < .001) than control participants.
      Of the participants with scoliosis, 25% were severely underweight, but only two
      met the behavioral criteria for anorexia nervosa; in others no association with
      disordered eating behaviour was found. Eating disorders were significantly more
      common (p < .05) in the diabetes participants than in the control group, with
      27.5% of the group classified as having bulimia or binge eating disorder. All
      those classified as overweight or obese in the diabetes group were classified as
      pathological in terms of eating behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between
      scoliosis and low body mass is a concern but is not a result of an eating
      disorder. Etiological mechanisms remain unclear and require further
      investigation. In the diabetes participants, bulimia and binge eating may
      prejudice effective condition management. Implications for successful adaptation,
      treatment intervention, and future research are discussed.

PMID- 18155032
TI  - Examining an integrative model of physical activity and healthy eating self
      perceptions and behaviors among adolescents.
AB  - PURPOSE: This study tested a comprehensive model of physical activity and healthy
      eating behavior. METHODS: A sample of older adolescents (boys n = 206, girls n =
      326) volunteered to complete a scientifically supported questionnaire assessing
      physical activity and healthy eating perceptions of competence, values, and
      behaviors once during class time. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis suggested
      the data fit the model well. Tests of group differences supported factorial
      invariance, and revealed higher physical activity perceptions of competence,
      value, and behavior as well as lower healthy diet value and behavior for
      adolescent boys compared with girls. Perceptions of competence for healthy diet
      were also higher among boys. Path modeling demonstrated a good model fit, whereby
      behavior-specific perceptions of competence and values were significant
      correlates of physical activity for the total sample and subsamples of boys and
      girls (R(2) = .41-.53). Perceptions of competence and values were also
      significant correlates of healthy diet for the total sample (R(2) = .34) and boys
      (R(2) = .42). Subjective values were significant correlates of healthy diet for
      girls (R(2) = .30). Structural invariance suggested that the models were not
      significantly different for adolescent boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS: These results
      demonstrate the saliency of the comprehensive model in understanding physical
      activity and healthy eating behaviors among older adolescents. Further tests of
      the model are needed to advance theory exploring both physical activity and
      healthy eating behaviors, and to inform intervention strategies targeting
      adolescent health.

PMID- 18155033
TI  - Who's doing it? Patterns and predictors of youths' oral sexual experiences.
AB  - PURPOSE: To describe patterns of heterosexual oral sexual experience in a
      nationally representative sample of youth aged 15 to 21 and identify social and
      demographic correlates of oral sexual experience among youth who had not engaged
      in vaginal intercourse. METHODS: Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic
      regression using data from Cycle 6 of the National Survey of Family Growth,
      conducted in 2002. RESULTS: More youth with coital experience than virgin youth
      had oral sexual experience, and the proportion of both groups with oral sexual
      experience increased with age. Having received oral sex was more common than
      having given it, regardless of virginity status and gender. Although fewer
      females than males had ever-received oral sex, equal proportions of females and
      males had ever-given. Multivariate analyses revealed that white females were more
      likely than black females, and white males were more likely than black and
      Hispanic males to be virgins and to have had oral but not vaginal sex. Intact
      family structure, a college-educated mother, and no religious affiliation were
      associated with higher odds of oral sexual experience among virgin females,
      whereas intact family structure, no religious service attendance, and central
      city residence were associated with higher odds of oral sexual experience among
      virgin males. CONCLUSIONS: Oral sex with an opposite-gender partner is an
      established component of youths' initial sexual experiences, regardless of
      virginity status. Information on the risks of oral-genital contact should be
      integrated into sexual education programs targeted to youth.

PMID- 18155034
TI  - Native Teen Voices: adolescent pregnancy prevention recommendations.
AB  - PURPOSE: American Indian adolescent pregnancy rates are high, yet little is known
      about how Native youth view primary pregnancy prevention. The aim was to identify
      pregnancy prevention strategies from the perspectives of both male and female
      urban Native youth to inform program development. METHODS: Native Teen Voices
      (NTV) was a community-based participatory action research study in Minneapolis
      and St. Paul, Minnesota. Twenty focus groups were held with 148 Native youth who
      had never been involved in a pregnancy. Groups were stratified by age (13-15 and
      16-18 years) and sex. Participants were asked what they would do to prevent
      adolescent pregnancy if they were in charge of programs for Native youth. Content
      analyses were used to identify and categorize the range and types of
      participants' recommendations within and across the age and sex cohorts. RESULTS:
      Participants in all cohorts emphasized the following themes: show the
      consequences of adolescent pregnancy; enhance and develop more pregnancy
      prevention programs for Native youth in schools and community-based
      organizations; improve access to contraceptives; discuss teen pregnancy with
      Native youth; and use key messages and media to reach Native youth. CONCLUSIONS:
      Native youth perceived limited access to comprehensive pregnancy prevention
      education, community-based programs and contraceptives. They suggested a variety
      of venues and mechanisms to address gaps in sexual health services and emphasized
      enhancing school-based resources and involving knowledgeable Native peers and
      elders in school and community-based adolescent pregnancy prevention initiatives.
      A few recommendations varied by age and sex, consistent with differences in
      cognitive and emotional development.

PMID- 18155035
TI  - The association between sex education and youth's engagement in sexual
      intercourse, age at first intercourse, and birth control use at first sex.
AB  - PURPOSE: Sex education is intended to provide youth with the information and
      skills needed to make healthy and informed decisions about sex. This study
      examined whether exposure to formal sex education is associated with three sexual
      behaviors: ever had sexual intercourse, age at first episode of sexual
      intercourse, and use of birth control at first intercourse. METHODS: Data used
      were from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, a nationally representative
      survey. The sample included 2019 never-married males and females aged 15-19
      years. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using SUDAAN.
      Interactions among subgroups were also explored. RESULTS: Receiving sex education
      was associated with not having had sexual intercourse among males (OR = .42, 95%
      CI = .25-.69) and postponing sexual intercourse until age 15 among both females
      (OR = .41, 95% CI = .21-.77) and males (OR = .29, 95% CI = .17-.48). Males
      attending school who had received sex education were also more likely to use
      birth control the first time they had sexual intercourse (OR = 2.77, 95% CI =
      1.13-6.81); however, no associations were found among females between receipt of
      sex education and birth control use. These patterns varied among sociodemographic
      subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Formal sex education may effectively reduce adolescent
      sexual risk behaviors when provided before sexual initiation. Sex education was
      found to be particularly important for subgroups that are traditionally at high
      risk for early initiation of sex and for contracting sexually transmitted
      diseases.

PMID- 18155036
TI  - Adolescent females and hormonal contraception: a retrospective study in primary
      care.
AB  - PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess change in the number of adolescent
      females prescribed hormonal contraception in primary care following the
      publication in the United Kingdom of the Social Exclusion Unit report on Teenage
      Pregnancy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 320
      primary care practices in Scotland. Hormonal contraceptive prescribing to girls
      aged <16 years and those aged 16-19 years was assessed for April 1 to March 31
      for the study years 2000-2001 to 2005-2006 from Scottish primary care practice
      data. RESULTS: Between 2000-2001 and 2005-2006, the proportion of girls aged <16
      years and those 16-19 years who were prescribed hormonal contraception by their
      primary care physicians increased by 82% (p < .001) and 53% (p < .001)
      respectively. The increase became significant from age 12 years for the combined
      oral contraceptive, 14 years for the progestogen-only pill, and 15 years for
      depot progestogens. By 2005-2006, 2.9% of girls aged <16 years and 40.5% of those
      aged 16-19 years were prescribed some form of hormonal contraception by their
      primary care physicians. The small number of girls aged <12 years who were
      prescribed hormonal contraception remained constant over the study period.
      CONCLUSIONS: Since the publication in the United Kingdom of the Social Exclusion
      Unit Report on Teenage Pregnancy, there has been a significant increase in the
      number of female adolescents aged > or =12 years prescribed hormonal
      contraception by their primary care physicians. However the number of individuals
      prescribed hormonal contraception still remains relatively low in comparison to
      the reported levels of sexual activity among adolescents in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 18155037
TI  - A novel economic intervention to reduce HIV risks among school-going AIDS orphans
      in rural Uganda.
AB  - This study tested an economic intervention to reduce HIV risks among AIDS
      orphaned adolescents. Adolescents (n = 96) were randomly assigned to receive the
      intervention or usual care for orphans in Uganda. Data obtained at baseline and
      12-month follow-up revealed significant differences between the treatment and
      control groups in HIV prevention attitudes and educational planning.

PMID- 18155038
TI  - The HPV vaccine and behavioral disinhibition.

PMID- 18155041
TI  - Mechanism and hydrophobic forces driving membrane protein insertion of subunit II
      of cytochrome bo 3 oxidase.
AB  - Subunit II (CyoA) of cytochrome bo(3) oxidase, which spans the inner membrane
      twice in bacteria, has several unusual features in membrane biogenesis. It is
      synthesized with an amino-terminal cleavable signal peptide. In addition,
      distinct pathways are used to insert the two ends of the protein. The amino
      terminal domain is inserted by the YidC pathway whereas the large carboxyl
      terminal domain is translocated by the SecYEG pathway. Insertion of the protein
      is also proton motive force (pmf)-independent. Here we examined the topogenic
      sequence requirements and mechanism of insertion of CyoA in bacteria. We find
      that both the signal peptide and the first membrane-spanning region are required
      for insertion of the amino-terminal periplasmic loop. The pmf-independence of
      insertion of the first periplasmic loop is due to the loop's neutral net charge.
      We observe also that the introduction of negatively charged residues into the
      periplasmic loop makes insertion pmf dependent, whereas the addition of
      positively charged residues prevents insertion unless the pmf is abolished.
      Insertion of the carboxyl-terminal domain in the full-length CyoA occurs by a
      sequential mechanism even when the CyoA amino and carboxyl-terminal domains are
      swapped with other domains. However, when a long spacer peptide is added to
      increase the distance between the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal domains,
      insertion no longer occurs by a sequential mechanism.

PMID- 18155042
TI  - Supramodular nature of GRIP1 revealed by the structure of its PDZ12 tandem in
      complex with the carboxyl tail of Fras1.
AB  - The scaffold protein GRIP1 (glutamate receptor interacting protein 1) binds to
      and regulates both the trafficking and membrane organization of a large number of
      transmembrane proteins. Mutation of GRIP1 in mice displays essentially the same
      phenotype of the mutations of Fras1 or Frem2, which are the animal models of the
      human genetic disorder Fraser syndrome. However, the molecular basis governing
      the interaction between GRIP1 and Fras1/Frem2 is unknown. Here, we show that
      interaction between Fras1 and GRIP1 requires the first two PDZ domains (PDZ1 and
      PDZ2) to be connected in tandem, as the folding of PDZ1 strictly depends on the
      covalent attachment of PDZ2. The crystal structure of GRIP1 PDZ12 in complex with
      the Fras1 C-terminal peptide reveals that the PDZ12 tandem forms a supramodule in
      which only the peptide-binding groove of PDZ1 is bound with the Fras1 peptide.
      The GRIP1 PDZ12/Fras1 peptide complex not only provides a mechanistic explanation
      of the link between GRIP1 and the Fraser syndrome but may also serve as a
      foundation for searching for potential mutations in GRIP1 that could lead to the
      Fraser syndrome.

PMID- 18155043
TI  - Mechanistic insights into the role of Val75 of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in
      misinsertion and mispair extension fidelity of DNA synthesis.
AB  - The side chain of Val75 stabilizes the fingers subdomain of the human
      immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT), while its peptide
      backbone interacts with the single-stranded DNA template (at nucleotide +1) and
      with the peptide backbone of Gln151. Specific DNA polymerase activities of mutant
      RTs bearing amino acid substitutions at position 75 (i.e., V75A, V75F, V75I,
      V75L, V75M, V75S and V75T) were relatively high. Primer extension experiments
      carried out in the absence of one deoxyribonucleoside-triphosphate suggested that
      mutations did not affect the accuracy of the RT, except for V75A, V75F, V75I, and
      to a lesser extent V75T. The fidelity of RTs bearing mutations V75F and V75I
      increased 1.8- and 3-fold, respectively, as measured by the M13 lacZ alpha
      forward mutation assay, while V75A showed 1.4-fold decreased accuracy. Steady-
      and pre-steady-state kinetics demonstrated that the increased fidelity of V75I
      and V75F was related to their decreased ability to extend mismatched template
      primers, while misincorporation efficiencies were not significantly affected by
      mutations. The increased mispair extension fidelity of mutant V75I RT could be
      attributed to the nucleotide affinity loss, observed in reactions with mismatched
      template-primers. Altogether, these data suggest that Val75 interactions with the
      5' template overhang are important determinants of fidelity.

PMID- 18155044
TI  - Structure of the PPX/GPPA phosphatase from Aquifex aeolicus in complex with the
      alarmone ppGpp.
AB  - The crystal structure of the prototype exopolyphosphatase/guanosine
      pentaphosphate phosphohydrolase protein family member from Aquifex aeolicus in
      complex with the intracellular second messenger guanosine tetraphosphate was
      determined at 2.7-A resolution. The hydrolytic base is identified as E119. The
      dual specificity established for the Escherichia coli homolog is shown to be
      compatible with a common active site for guanosine pentaphosphate and
      polyphosphate hydrolysis. Distinct and different degrees of closure between the
      two domains of the enzyme are associated with substrate binding. The arginines
      R22 and R267, residing in different domains, are crucial for guanosine
      pentaphosphate specificity as they interact with the unique 3'-ribose
      phosphorylation.

PMID- 18155045
TI  - Stabilizing ionic interactions in a full-consensus ankyrin repeat protein.
AB  - Full-consensus designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins), in which randomized
      positions of the previously described DARPin library have been fixed, are
      characterized. They show exceptionally high thermodynamic stabilities, even when
      compared to members of consensus DARPin libraries and even more so when compared
      to naturally occurring ankyrin repeat proteins. We determined the crystal
      structure of a full-consensus DARPin, containing an N-capping repeat, three
      identical internal repeats and a C-capping repeat at 2.05 A resolution, and
      compared its structure with that of the related DARPin library members E3_5 and
      E3_19. This structural comparison suggests that primarily salt bridges on the
      surface, which arrange in a network with almost crystal-like regularity, increase
      thermostability in the full-consensus NI(3)C DARPin to make it resistant to
      boiling. In the crystal structure, three sulfate ions complement this network.
      Thermal denaturation experiments in guanidine hydrochloride directly indicate a
      contribution of sulfate binding to the stability, providing further evidence for
      the stabilizing effect of surface-exposed electrostatic interactions and regular
      charge networks. The charged residues at the place of randomized residues in the
      DARPin libraries were selected based on sequence statistics and suggested that
      the charge interaction network is a hidden design feature of this protein family.
      Ankyrins can therefore use design principles from proteins of thermophilic
      organisms and reach at least similar stabilities.

PMID- 18155046
TI  - Single strand binding proteins increase the processivity of DNA unwinding by the
      hepatitis C virus helicase.
AB  - The nonstructural NS3 protein of the hepatitis C virus is a multifunctional
      enzyme with an N-terminal serine protease activity and a C-terminal helicase
      activity. The helicase is capable of unwinding both DNA and RNA duplexes;
      however, the overall processivity of the helicase is fairly low. We show here
      that single-strand binding (SSB) proteins enhance the unwinding processivity of
      both the NS3 helicase domain (NS3h) and the full-length protease-helicase NS3-4A.
      The detailed study of the effect of SSB on the DNA unwinding activity of NS3h
      indicates that the SSB stabilizes the helicase at the unwinding junction and
      prevents its dissociation. These results suggest a potential role for either
      cellular or virus-encoded SSB protein in improving the processivity of the NS3 in
      vivo.

PMID- 18155047
TI  - Crystal structure at 2.8 A of Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP1) coiled-coil
      domain reveals a charged surface suitable for HIP1 protein interactor (HIPPI).
AB  - Huntington's disease is a genetic neurological disorder that is triggered by the
      dissociation of the huntingtin protein (htt) from its obligate interaction
      partner Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP1). The release of the huntingtin
      protein permits HIP1 protein interactor (HIPPI) to bind to its recognition site
      on HIP1 to form a HIPPI/HIP1 complex that recruits procaspase-8 to begin the
      process of apoptosis. The interaction module between HIPPI and HIP1 was predicted
      to resemble a death-effector domain. Our 2.8-A crystal structure of the HIP1 371
      481 subfragment that includes F432 and K474, which is important for HIPPI
      binding, is not a death-effector domain but is a partially opened coiled coil.
      The HIP1 371-481 model reveals a basic surface that we hypothesize to be suitable
      for binding HIPPI. There is an opened region next to the putative HIPPI site that
      is highly negatively charged. The acidic residues in this region are highly
      conserved in HIP1 and a related protein, HIP1R, from different organisms but are
      not conserved in the yeast homologue of HIP1, sla2p. We have modeled
      approximately 85% of the coiled-coil domain by joining our new HIP1 371-481
      structure to the HIP1 482-586 model (Protein Data Bank code: 2NO2). Finally, the
      middle of this coiled-coil domain may be intrinsically flexible and suggests a
      new interaction model where HIPPI binds to a U-shaped HIP1 molecule.

PMID- 18155048
TI  - Assembly of the 5' and 3' minor domains of 16S ribosomal RNA as monitored by
      tethered probing from ribosomal protein S20.
AB  - The ribosomal protein (r-protein) S20 is a primary binding protein. As such, it
      interacts directly and independently with the 5' domain as well as the 3' minor
      domain of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in minimal particles and the fully assembled
      30S subunit. The interactions observed between r-protein S20 and the 5' domain of
      16S rRNA are quite extensive, while those between r-protein S20 and the 3' minor
      domain are significantly more limited. In this study, directed hydroxyl radical
      probing mediated by Fe(II)-derivatized S20 proteins was used to monitor the
      folding of 16S rRNA during r-protein association and 30S subunit assembly. An
      analysis of the cleavage patterns in the minimal complexes [16S rRNA and Fe(II)
      S20] and the fully assembled 30S subunit containing the same Fe(II)-derivatized
      proteins shows intriguing similarities and differences. These results suggest
      that the two domains, 5' and 3' minor, are organized relative to S20 at different
      stages of assembly. The 5' domain acquires, in a less complex ribonucleoprotein
      particle than the 3' minor domain, the same architecture as observed in mature
      subunits. These results are similar to what would be predicted of subunit
      assembly by the 5'-to-3' direction assembly model.

PMID- 18155049
TI  - Potency ratios for local anesthetics in regional blocks: how long must we wait?

PMID- 18155050
TI  - Median effective local anesthetic doses of plain bupivacaine and ropivacaine for
      spinal anesthesia administered via a spinal catheter for brachytherapy of the
      lower abdomen.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Continuous spinal anesthesia via a spinal catheter
      allows adjusting the duration and extent of anesthesia to surgical needs,
      maintenance of hemodynamic stability, and good postoperative analgesia. This
      study was designed to determine the median effective local anesthetic dose of
      plain ropivacaine and bupivacaine administered intrathecally for interstitial
      brachytherapy of the lower abdomen using the Dixon up-and-down method. METHODS:
      Forty patients were randomly allocated to receive either intrathecal bupivacaine
      5 mg per mL or ropivacaine 10 mg per mL via a 24-gauge spinal catheter at the L3
      4 interspace. The initial dose was 10 mg of bupivacaine or 20 mg of ropivacaine;
      the dosing intervals were 1 mg and 2 mg, respectively. Doses for subsequent
      patients were determined by the response of the previous patient in that group.
      Successful anesthesia was defined as a loss of sensation to a cold stimulus at
      the T6 level and full motor blockade within 20 minutes after administration of
      the local anesthetic. RESULTS: The median effective local anesthetic dose for
      intrathecal bupivacaine was 11.2 mg (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.3-12.1) and
      22.6 mg for ropivacaine (95% CI, 20.5-24.6). A relative analgesic potency ratio
      of 0.50 (95% CI, 0.44-0.56) was calculated between the median effective local
      anesthetic dose of intrathecal bupivacaine and ropivacaine. CONCLUSIONS:
      Bupivacaine and ropivacaine are appropriate for continuous spinal anesthesia for
      interstitial radiation therapy procedures of the lower abdomen. In the dose
      ranges investigated, intrathecal ropivacaine is approximately half as potent as
      bupivacaine.

PMID- 18155051
TI  - Effects of using the posterior or anterior approaches to the lumbar plexus on the
      minimum effective anesthetic concentration (MEAC) of mepivacaine required to
      block the femoral nerve: a prospective, randomized, up-and-down study.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if psoas compartment block requires a
      larger concentration of mepivacaine to block the femoral nerve than does an
      anterior 3-in-1 femoral nerve block. METHODS: Forty eight patients undergoing
      anterior cruciate ligament repair were randomly allocated to receive an anterior
      3-in-1 femoral block (femoral group, n = 24) or a posterior psoas compartment
      block (psoas group, n = 24) with 30 mL of mepivacaine. The concentration of the
      injected solution was varied for consecutive patients using an up-and-down
      staircase method (initial concentration: 1%; up-and-down steps: 0.1%). RESULTS:
      The minimum effective anesthetic concentration of mepivacaine blocking the
      femoral nerve in 50% of cases (ED(50)) was 1.06% +/- 0.31% (95% confidence
      interval [CI], 0.45%-1.68%) in the femoral group and 1.03% +/- 0.21% (95% CI,
      0.6%-1.45%) in the psoas group (P = .83). The lateral femoral cutaneous and
      obturator nerves were blocked in 4 (16%) and 5 (20%) femoral group patients as
      compared with 20 (83%) and 19 (80%) psoas group patients (P = .005 and P = .0005,
      respectively). Intraoperative analgesic supplementation was required by 15 (60%)
      and 5 (20%) patients in the femoral and psoas groups, respectively (P = .01).
      CONCLUSIONS: Using a posterior psoas compartment approach to the lumbar plexus
      does not increase the minimum effective anesthetic concentration of mepivacaine
      required to block the femoral nerve as compared with the anterior 3-in-1
      approach, and provides better quality of intraoperative anesthesia due to the
      more reliable block of the lateral femoral cutaneous and obturator nerves.

PMID- 18155052
TI  - Effect of a continuous peripheral nerve block on the inflammatory response in
      knee arthroplasty.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Experimental nerve block in animals inhibits the
      inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent
      a 48-hour local anesthetic block of all afferent and efferent nerve fibers of the
      knee area has an impact on postoperative inflammatory response. METHODS: Twelve
      patients scheduled for primary total knee arthroplasty received spinal
      anesthesia, and then were randomly allocated to either patient-controlled
      analgesia with morphine (n = 6) or a combination of continuous lumbar plexus and
      sciatic nerve blocks (continuous peripheral nerve block; CPNB) with ropivacaine
      0.2% for 48 hours. Blood samples were collected before surgery and at 3, 8, 24,
      and 48 hours after surgical incision to measure plasma glucose, serum insulin and
      cortisol, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leukocyte count. Pain visual
      analog scale at rest and on knee flexion were recorded and complications
      classified. RESULTS: Visual analog scale was lower in the CPNB group at rest and
      on knee flexion on postoperative days 1 and 2 (P < .05). There were no
      differences in circulating levels of glucose, insulin, and cortisol. C-reactive
      protein and leukocyte count were lower in the CPNB group (P < .05). There was a
      positive correlation between the peak leukocyte count and the inflammatory
      markers (P < .03). Three patients in the patient-controlled analgesia group and
      one in the CPNB group had complications requiring conservative management.
      CONCLUSIONS: Continuous lumbar plexus and sciatic nerve blocks with ropivacaine
      contribute to the attenuation of the postoperative inflammatory response.

PMID- 18155053
TI  - Ethnicity and the distance to the epidural space in parturients.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In a pilot study, we previously demonstrated a higher
      average skin to lumbar epidural space distance (STLESD) in our obstetric
      population compared with the published literature. Furthermore, we demonstrated
      differences in STLESD based on ethnicity. The aim of this study was to perform a
      comprehensive analysis of the STLESD in our patient population by expanding the
      number of patients and ethnic groups included. METHODS: Data from 3,305 patients
      were obtained from our electronic database from September 2003 through November
      2005. Self-declared ethnicity included 1,177 Caucasians (36%), 1,162 African
      Americans (35%), 760 Hispanics (23%), 135 Asians (4%), and 71
      Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi/Sri Lankans (2%). The influences of body mass index
      (BMI), ethnicity, and their interaction on the STLESD were tested with a multiple
      linear regression model. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD STLESD differed among the
      ethnic groups ranging from 4.8 +/- 0.9 cm in Asian patients to 6.3 +/- 1.6 cm in
      African American parturients. When all ethnic groups were compared, BMI had a
      significant influence on STLESD (P < .0001), but so did ethnicity (P = .0004).
      The Hispanic group demonstrated STLESDs that were significantly lower than the
      African American and Caucasian groups at high BMI (P < .0001). In a subanalysis
      performed without the Hispanic group, the influence of BMI on STLESD was found to
      be similar for each group. In this subanalysis, the African American group had
      STLESDs that were deeper compared with the other 3 ethnic groups (P < .0001),
      regardless of BMI. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we found that the STLESD was deeper
      than what was previously reported in the literature. Furthermore, ethnicity, in
      addition to BMI, influenced the STLESD.

PMID- 18155054
TI  - Use of a topical anesthetic cream (EMLA) to reduce pain after hemorrhoidectomy.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hemorrhoidectomy usually leads to severe postoperative
      pain that often causes urinary retention. Topical EMLA cream (lidocaine 2.5% and
      prilocaine 2.5%) has been used extensively in the clinical setting. This
      prospective study tested the effectiveness of EMLA cream for postoperative pain
      control after hemorrhoidectomy. METHODS: Thirty patients admitted for
      hemorrhoidectomy were enrolled and randomly assigned into either a control group
      (n = 15) or EMLA group (n = 15). Postoperatively, the control group received
      approximately 5 g of neomycin ointment, and the EMLA group received approximately
      5 g of EMLA. A visual analog scale (VAS) score was recorded on arrival in the
      postanesthesia recovery unit (PAR), after 2 hours in the PAR, on the first
      postoperative evening, and on the first postoperative morning. The requested
      frequency and dosage of meperidine, the first spontaneous voiding time, the
      frequency of single urinary catheterization, and a patient satisfaction score
      were also obtained. RESULTS: The VAS score and frequency and dosage of meperidine
      injections were significantly lower in the EMLA group than in the control group
      (P < .01). The voiding time was significantly later in the control group (P =
      .04). The frequency of single catheterization was significantly lower in the EMLA
      group than in the control group (P = .03). Patient satisfaction with
      postoperative pain control was significantly higher in the EMLA group than in the
      control group (P < .01). No systemic complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS:
      Topical EMLA cream decreased pain intensity and meperidine requests, reduced the
      frequency of single catheterizations, and improved patient satisfaction with
      postoperative pain management after hemorrhoidectomy in adults.

PMID- 18155055
TI  - Nociceptive nerve fibers in the sacroiliac joint in humans.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A positive response to sacroiliac joint intra
      articular infiltration with local anesthetics is used to confirm sacroiliac joint
      pain. However, current anatomical and histological knowledge concerning the
      anatomy of pain perception within the sacroiliac joint intra- and peri-articular
      structures is insufficient to explain the efficacy of this infiltration, because
      of the use of unspecific histochemical visualization techniques. METHODS: In this
      study, immunohistochemistry for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and
      substance P was used to trace nociceptive fibers and receptors in the anterior
      and interosseous sacroiliac ligaments obtained from 5 human cadavers without
      history of sacroiliac joint pain. RESULTS: Microscopic analysis of stained slides
      showed presence of CGRP and substance P immunoreactive fibers. Thick, wavy,
      formed bundles were observed in dense and loose connective tissue, whereas
      single, beaded nerve fibers, occasionally ramified, were observed more frequently
      in the dense connective tissue and next to blood vessels. Based on their
      morphologic features, these immunoreactive structures were classified as
      receptors type IV. Additionally, receptors type II were found in anterior and
      interosseous ligaments, which contained CGRP or substance P immunoreactive free
      nerve endings. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the presence of CGRP and substance P
      immunoreactive fibers in the normal anterior capsular ligament and interosseous
      ligament provides a morphological and physiological base for pain signals
      originating from these ligaments. Therefore, diagnostic infiltration techniques
      for sacroiliac joint pain should consider extra- as well as intra-articular
      approaches.

PMID- 18155056
TI  - Effect of preemptive epidural analgesia on cytokine response and postoperative
      pain in laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Surgical stress and general anesthesia suppress immune
      function. Preemptive epidural analgesia can affect the perioperative immune
      responses, and influence cancer management. METHODS: Forty women undergoing
      elective laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer were allocated to
      this prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Before inducing anesthesia, 2
      mg morphine dissolved in 15 mL of 1% lidocaine (preemptive group) or the same
      volume of normal saline (control group) was administered into the epidural space
      through a prepared catheter in a double-blind manner, using sealed syringes.
      After peritoneal closure, the other drugs in the remaining sealed syringe were
      administered in the reverse manner. All patients were then administered lidocaine
      plus morphine over a 72-hour period, using a patient-controlled epidural
      analgesia pump. RESULTS: The interleukin-6 levels in both groups increased
      significantly after surgery. These elevations were significantly less pronounced
      in the preemptive group than in the control group. The interleukin-2 level in
      both groups decreased significantly after surgery. Seventy-two hours after
      surgery, the interleukin-2 level returned to its baseline value in the preemptive
      group but not in the control group. The number of lymphocytes in both groups
      decreased significantly after surgery. The pain scores at 6 and 12 hours after
      surgery in the preemptive group were significantly lower than in the control
      group. CONCLUSIONS: Preemptive epidural analgesia is a reasonable approach for
      potentially controlling perioperative immune function and preventing
      postoperative pain in patients undergoing cancer surgery.

PMID- 18155057
TI  - Continuous peripheral nerve block for postoperative pain control at home: a
      prospective feasibility study in children.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We assessed the feasibility and efficacy of
      postoperative pain control by continuous peripheral nerve blockade (CPNB) in
      children after early home discharge under parental surveillance. METHODS: All
      children scheduled for primary elective ankle or foot surgery under sciatic
      popliteal CPNB and general anesthesia were evaluated. After obtaining the
      surgeon's consent, the children were discharged on either the day (D) of surgery
      (D0), or on postoperative D1 or D2 (depending on whether they needed a plaster
      cast or a suction drainage). The CPNB was continuously infused, using an
      elastomeric pump. Before the procedure, the parents were taught how to assess
      their children's pain, to use rescue analgesia, and to manage an infusion
      elastomeric pump device, and when to call the hospital in case of emergency. The
      children returned to the hospital for catheter removal and the recording of any
      postoperative event. RESULTS: Forty-seven children were entered into this
      observational study. Two were discharged home on the same day, 30 were discharged
      home 1 day after surgery, and 15 were discharged home 2 days after surgery. The
      mean duration of infusion elastomeric pump at home was 3 days (range, 2 to 4
      days). Analgesia was rated as excellent or good in 89% of the cases, and the
      quality of sleep was always good, except for three patients. Some minor untoward
      effects were recorded. Two children returned to the hospital because of
      accidental disconnection of the infusion elastomeric pump from the catheter. Four
      patients presented skin redness at the puncture site, but no infection was
      observed, and all catheters remained sterile. No parents called the hospital. The
      children's quality of life was rated as excellent or as satisfactory overall, by
      both the children and their parents. CONCLUSIONS: Shortening hospital stays with
      the use of at-home CPNB under sole parental supervision is feasible, after
      selecting children with a suitable family environment.

PMID- 18155058
TI  - Comparison of the hemodynamic effects of a single 5 mg/kg dose of lidocaine with
      or without epinephrine for thoracic paravertebral block.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epinephrine is often added to local anesthetic
      solutions to minimize and slow the systemic absorption of local anesthetics, and
      thus reduce the possibility of adverse effects of these drugs. In an earlier
      study we found that the injection of 5 mg/kg of lidocaine via the paravertebral
      route depressed myocardial contractility by up to 30%, with practically no
      changes in heart rate or blood pressure. In the present study we investigated
      whether these alterations are due to systemic absorption of the local anesthetic,
      and whether such absorption can be minimized by adding epinephrine to the local
      anesthetic solution. METHODS: A prospective, blind, and randomized study was made
      of 50 patients subjected to lung resection surgery. The subjects were divided
      into two groups: Lid group (5 mg/kg bolus dose of lidocaine in the thoracic
      paravertebral space) and Lid+E group (addition of 5 mcg/mL of epinephrine to the
      local anesthetic). The anesthetic solution was administered through a
      paravertebral catheter ipsilateral to the operative side. In addition to routine
      hemodynamic monitoring (heart rate and radial artery blood pressure), an aortic
      transpulmonary thermodilution catheter was inserted into the femoral artery for
      recording of the following variables: cardiac index, cardiac function index,
      maximum pressure derivative, global end diastolic volume, and intrathoracic total
      blood volume index. Data collection was carried out immediately before
      administration of the anesthetic solution and 15, 30, and 45 minutes after
      administration. Measurements were made of the plasma lidocaine levels at those
      same postparavertebral injection time points. RESULTS: Prior to paravertebral
      dosing there were no differences in terms of the hemodynamic variables studied.
      However, 15 minutes after dosing in the Lid+E group, lesser reductions in
      contractility, cardiac function index, and cardiac index were recorded, compared
      with the Lid group, with a significant reduction in cardiac filling volumes.
      Blood lidocaine levels were 53% and 34% lower in Lid+E group, as recorded 15 and
      30 minutes after injection. The patients who, 15 minutes after paravertebral
      injection, had blood lidocaine levels greater than 3 mcg/mL (independently of the
      type of anesthetic solution used) had a significant reduction in mean blood
      pressure, cardiac function index, cardiac index, and maximum pressure derivative,
      compared with the patients with lower blood lidocaine concentrations.
      CONCLUSIONS: Addition of epinephrine to lidocaine when performing thoracic
      paravertebral block, attenuates the cardiodepressive effects associated with the
      systemic absorption of lidocaine and also, as a result of the beta-adrenergic
      consequences of epinephrine, systemic absorption from the paravertebral space.

PMID- 18155059
TI  - Gross anatomy of the brachial plexus sheath in human cadavers.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Major nerves and vessels run alongside each other in a
      "neurovascular bundle" kept together by connective tissue that is often referred
      to by anatomists, surgeons, and anesthesiologists as the "sheath." Our goal was
      to macroscopically demonstrate the brachial plexus sheath in embalmed and fresh
      cadaver dissections. METHODS: Systematic dissections were performed on 11
      embalmed cadavers (6 females and 5 males), plus one fresh, unembalmed male
      cadaver. Dissections were started in the arm, and progressed proximally to the
      axilla and the supraclavicular area. Notes and photographic documentation were
      obtained. RESULTS: A sheath around the neurovascular bundle of the brachial
      plexus was visible to the naked eye in every dissection. The sheath had a fibrous
      external appearance, and was filled with loose connective tissue. No evidence of
      septa was found. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a macroscopic fibrous structure
      surrounding the plexus, which was filled with loose connective tissue lacking any
      apparent organization.

PMID- 18155060
TI  - Ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block in a patient with multiple
      glomangiomatosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Glomangiomas are rare, vascular tumors consisting of
      an afferent artery, arteriovenous canal, neuro-reticular elements, collagen, and
      efferent veins, and are most often located in the soft tissue of the upper
      extremities. We describe how the use of ultrasound-guided nerve blockade altered
      the anesthetic management of a patient with multiple glomangiomatosis undergoing
      elective forearm surgery. ULTRASOUND FINDINGS: A 32-year-old man was scheduled
      for excision of painful glomangiomas from the ulnar aspect of his right wrist,
      with exploration of his ulnar nerve. The anesthetic concerns included (1) morbid
      obesity, (2) chronic pain syndrome and opioid intolerance, (3) a potentially
      difficult airway, and (4) obstructive sleep apnea. Ultrasound-guided
      supraclavicular blockade was the proposed anesthetic of choice. Ultrasound scan
      of the supraclavicular fossa revealed numerous vascular lesions surrounding the
      divisions of the brachial plexus. Color Doppler imaging confirmed these pulsatile
      lesions to be vascular in origin. Even under two-dimensional ultrasound guidance,
      we believed that the risk of vascular puncture and unintentional intravascular
      injection of local anesthetic was high, and therefore we abandoned the
      supraclavicular approach. A successful ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus
      blockade was performed uneventfully. CONCLUSIONS: Although multiple
      glomangiomatosis is a rare disease, this case illustrates the invaluable
      contribution that ultrasound has made to modern, regional anesthetic practice,
      especially for patients with aberrant anatomy in whom traditional nerve
      localization techniques could result in serious complications.

PMID- 18155061
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid cutaneous fistula after epidural analgesia in a child.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cerebrospinal fluid cutaneous fistulae are rare
      complications of neuraxial needle procedures. CASE REPORT: We present the first
      reported case of a persistent cerebrospinal fluid cutaneous fistula in a child
      who underwent epidural analgesia. Careful assessment and circumspect treatment of
      this cerebrospinal fluid cutaneous fistula led to an excellent outcome in this
      child. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment can be challenging in young children, and
      guidelines for management are absent. Technical issues in treatment are discussed
      in addition to pitfalls in diagnosis in young children.

PMID- 18155062
TI  - Tune in to 17.5 MHz?

PMID- 18155063
TI  - Eight ball, corner pocket for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block: high risk
      for a scratch.

PMID- 18155064
TI  - A lateral approach to the radial nerve.

PMID- 18155065
TI  - Vasoactivity of ropivacaine.

PMID- 18155068
TI  - In vitro pharmacological characterization of CJ-042794, a novel, potent, and
      selective prostaglandin EP(4) receptor antagonist.
AB  - Activation of the prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) EP(4) receptor, a G-protein-coupled
      receptor (GPCR), results in increases in intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels
      via stimulation of adenylate cyclase. Here we describe the in vitro
      pharmacological characterization of a novel EP(4) receptor antagonist, CJ-042794
      (4-{(1S)-1-[({5-chloro-2-[(4-fluorophenyl)oxy]phenyl}carbonyl)amino]ethyl}benzoic
      acid). CJ-042794 inhibited [(3)H]-PGE(2) binding to the human EP(4) receptor with
      a mean pK(i) of 8.5, a binding affinity that was at least 200-fold more selective
      for the human EP(4) receptor than other human EP receptor subtypes (EP(1), EP(2),
      and EP(3)). CJ-042794 did not exhibit any remarkable binding to 65 additional
      proteins, including GPCRs, enzymes, and ion channels, suggesting that CJ-042794
      is highly selective for the EP(4) receptor. CJ-042794 competitively inhibited
      PGE(2)-evoked elevations of intracellular cAMP levels in HEK293 cells
      overexpressing human EP(4) receptor with a mean pA(2) value of 8.6. PGE(2)
      inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of tumor necrosis
      factor alpha (TNFalpha) in human whole blood (HWB); CJ-042794 reversed the
      inhibitory effects of PGE(2) on LPS-induced TNFalpha production in a
      concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that CJ-042794, a novel,
      potent, and selective EP(4) receptor antagonist, has excellent pharmacological
      properties that make it a useful tool for exploring the physiological role of
      EP(4) receptors.

PMID- 18155069
TI  - Local scale genetic structure in coral populations: a signature of selection.
AB  - Coastal marine reserves in general, and coral reef reserves in particular, are
      typically composed of scattered patches separated by uninhabited areas. Due to
      the sessile mode of life of adult corals, larval connectivity is often the only
      agent of gene flow between reef localities. In this study we examined the
      connectivity between populations of the common scleratinian coral Stylophora
      pistillata at the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), using the rDNA ITS
      (internal transcribed spacer) as a molecular marker. Sequence comparisons among
      recruits indicated very similar, equally-diverse, assemblages of recruits in both
      the northern (highly affected by anthropogenic disturbances) and southern (less
      affected) study sites, implying a high larval connectivity or common sources of
      larval supply. By contrast, sequence diversity observed among adults declined
      sharply from southern to northern sites, accompanied by genetic differentiation
      of the respective populations. Based on Fu's Fs-test of selective neutrality, it
      may be suggested that various post-settlement selective regimes, presumably more
      intense in the northern sites, provide a reasonable explanation for the observed
      patterns of genetic diversity. The suggested hypothesis is supported by the
      sharper decline in sequence diversity found between recruits and adults in the
      northern sites. This study exemplifies the necessity to consider local selective
      factors, in addition to larval connectivity, when managing marine reserves.

PMID- 18155070
TI  - Heat stress in sport--fact and fiction.

PMID- 18155071
TI  - Validation of micronuclei frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes as early
      cancer risk biomarker in a nested case-control study.
AB  - Aim of this work was to assess the predictive value of micronuclei (MN) frequency
      in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) for the risk of cancer death in disease
      free individuals. Blood samples from 1650 subjects selected from the general
      population of Pisa, Italy, were collected between June 1991 and November 1993.
      The follow-up until January 2005 recorded a total of 111 deaths (52 for cancer).
      MN frequency was assessed for 49 cancer cases and 101 matched controls. A
      significantly higher MN frequency was found in cancer cases (4.7+/-3.4 MN/1000 BN
      cells) versus controls (1.5+/-1.7; p<0.0001). Donors were stratified in two
      classes and multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that individuals
      with high MN frequency (>2.5 MN/1000 BN cells) had a significantly increased risk
      of cancer death (OR=10.7; 95% CI=4.6-24.9; p<0.0001) when compared to individuals
      with low MN frequency (<or=2.5 MN/1000 BN cells). Ageing was associated with a 6%
      increased risk per year (p=0.03). No influence of other potential confounders
      (gender, occupation, smoking and drinking habits) was observed. Finally, subjects
      with a higher MN frequency showed a higher MR for CVD (Logrank test, p=0.001).
      These findings provide strong evidence that MN frequency assessed in PBL of
      disease-free subjects is a good predictor of cancer death risk, evaluated by a
      nested case-control study performed 14 years after the original recruitment.

PMID- 18155072
TI  - Antipsychotics increase vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) expression in
      thalamolimbic pathways.
AB  - Recently the two vesicular-glutamate-transporters VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 have been
      cloned and characterized. VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 together label all glutamatergic
      neurons, but because of their distinct expression patterns in the brain they
      facilitate our ability to define between a VGLUT1-positive cortical and a VGLUT2
      positive subcortical glutamatergic systems. We have previously demonstrated an
      increased cortical VGLUT1 expression as marker of antidepressant activity. Here,
      we assessed the effects of different psychotropic drugs on brain VGLUT2 mRNA and
      protein expression. The typical antipsychotic haloperidol, and the atypicals
      clozapine and risperidone increased VGLUT2 mRNA selectively in the central
      medial/medial parafascicular, paraventricular and intermediodorsal thalamic
      nuclei; VGLUT2 protein was accordingly amplified in paraventricular and ventral
      striatum and in prefrontal cortex. The antidepressants fluoxetine and desipramine
      and the sedative anxiolytic diazepam had no effect. These results highlight the
      implication of thalamo-limbic glutamatergic pathways in the action of
      antipsychotics. Increased VGLUT2 expression in these neurons might constitute a
      marker for antipsychotic activity and subcortical glutamate neurotransmission
      might be a possible novel target for future generation antipsychotics.

PMID- 18155074
TI  - Imaging phonological similarity effects on verbal working memory.
AB  - Studies of verbal working memory (VWM) report that performance declines as the
      phonemic similarity of stimuli increases. To determine how phonological
      similarity affects brain function during VWM, "standard" and "similarity"
      versions of the 2-Back task were presented to 34 healthy participants during
      functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI). Letter consonants presented during
      similarity blocks rhymed, while consonants did not rhyme during standard blocks.
      Empirical ROIs were identified from significant 2-Back-related activity observed
      during either condition. A priori ROIs were selected from functional neuroimaging
      literature on phonological processing. Although VWM-related activity was not
      modulated by similarity in any of four regions recruited (dorsolateral
      prefrontal, posterior parietal, anterior insular, and supplementary motor
      cortices), four of five regions of deactivation exhibited significantly greater
      deactivation during the similarity compared to the standard condition (posterior
      cingulate, paracentral lobule, posterior insula, and parahippocampal gyrus). In a
      priori phonological processing-related ROIs, similarity did not affect observed
      increases in activity (supplementary motor area, Broca's area, and cerebellum),
      while two of the three regions exhibiting decreased activity (near Wernicke's
      area and Heschel's Gyrus) also exhibited more deactivation during similarity.
      Accuracy was lower during the similarity 2-Back, positively related to activity
      within recruited VWM-related ROIs, and inversely related to activity in regions
      of VWM-related deactivation. Based on known functions of these ROIs, we conclude
      that language, audition, and self-reflection processes may disengage during
      phonological interference, while activity levels are maintained in regions
      recruited during VWM processing. Similarity effects likely include suspension of
      attention to unrelated and distracting processes to improve concentration.

PMID- 18155075
TI  - JEBDP improves grading system and adopts strength of recommendation taxonomy
      grading (SORT) for guidelines and systematic reviews.

PMID- 18155076
TI  - Little difference is found between surgical and nonsurgical approaches for
      treatment of periradicular lesions following endodontic therapy.

PMID- 18155073
TI  - The metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) allosteric agonist AMN082
      modulates nucleus accumbens GABA and glutamate, but not dopamine, in rats.
AB  - The group III metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) has been implicated in
      many neurological and psychiatric diseases, including drug addiction. However, it
      is unclear whether and how mGluR7 modulates nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine
      (DA), L-glutamate or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), important neurotransmitters
      believed to be involved in such neuropsychiatric diseases. In the present study,
      we found that systemic or intra-NAc administration of the mGluR7 allosteric
      agonist N,N'-dibenzyhydryl-ethane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride (AMN082) dose
      dependently lowered NAc extracellular GABA and increased extracellular glutamate,
      but had no effect on extracellular DA levels. Such effects were blocked by (R,S)
      alpha-methylserine-O-phosphate (MSOP), a group III mGluR antagonist. Intra-NAc
      perfusion of tetrodotoxin (TTX) blocked the AMN082-induced increases in
      glutamate, but failed to block the AMN082-induced reduction in GABA, suggesting
      vesicular glutamate and non-vesicular GABA origins for these effects. In
      addition, blockade of NAc GABAB receptors by 2-hydroxy-saclofen itself elevated
      NAc extracellular glutamate. Intra-NAc perfusion of 2-hydroxy-saclofen not only
      abolished the enhanced extracellular glutamate normally produced by AMN082, but
      also decreased extracellular glutamate in a TTX-resistant manner. We interpret
      these findings to suggest that the increase in glutamate is secondary to the
      decrease in GABA, which overcomes mGluR7 activation-induced inhibition of non
      vesicular glutamate release. In contrast to its modulatory effect on GABA and
      glutamate, the mGluR7 receptor does not appear to modulate NAc DA release.

PMID- 18155077
TI  - Chlorhexidine (CHX) gel application has moderate effect on salivary mutans
      streptococcal (MS) levels, but negligible caries-preventive effect.

PMID- 18155078
TI  - At-home or in-office fluoride application does not significantly reduce
      subsequent caries-related procedures in ambulatory adults of any caries-risk
      level.

PMID- 18155079
TI  - Chlorhexidine does not provide a significant effect on the control of coronal and
      root caries development in the elderly.

PMID- 18155080
TI  - Splint therapy over a time period of 3 months does not provide additional benefit
      for TMD pain relief over dentist-prescribed self-care alone.

PMID- 18155081
TI  - Intensive periodontal treatment including extractions is associated with more
      immediate systemic inflammation but improved longer-term endothelial function
      compared to simple scaling.

PMID- 18155082
TI  - Direct pulp-capping performed by dental students has a success rate close to 60%.
      Direct capping of carious pulp exposures is significantly less successful (33%)
      than direct capping of mechanical pulp exposures (92%).

PMID- 18155083
TI  - Premedication with low-dose dextromethorphan does not reduce pain following oral
      surgery.

PMID- 18155084
TI  - Mandibular advancement appliances improve some aspects of health-related quality
      of life in patients with sleep-disordered breathing.

PMID- 18155085
TI  - Panoramic radiography does not reliably detect carotid artery calcification nor
      stenosis.

PMID- 18155086
TI  - Diet patterns related to caries in low-income adults.

PMID- 18155087
TI  - Preeclampsia is not related to clinical periodontal disease in nonsmoking and
      nondrinking Jordanian women.

PMID- 18155088
TI  - Edentulous motherhood is associated with child caries.

PMID- 18155089
TI  - Caregiving, psychosocial stress, and high cortisol may lead to plaque
      accumulation. Caregiving, physical stress, and plaque accumulation may lead to
      gingivitis.

PMID- 18155090
TI  - The incidence of oral cancer appears to be increasing in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 18155091
TI  - From a cross-sectional ecological perspective, public dental health services may
      have little effect on caries prevalence for 3-year-old children in Japan.

PMID- 18155092
TI  - A different caries preventive effect of resin-based versus glass ionomer
      sealants?

PMID- 18155094
TI  - The relationship between testosterone and vocal frequencies in human males.
AB  - We investigated relationships between circulating levels of salivary testosterone
      and the fundamental and formant frequencies of male voices in a sample of forty
      healthy adult males, who recorded their voices and provided saliva samples at 9
      am, 12 noon and 3 pm on a single day. The relationship between 2D:4D ratio as a
      putative biomarker of prenatal testosterone and vocal parameters was also
      explored. Results supported previous findings for a negative relationship between
      circulating levels of testosterone and fundamental frequency, with higher
      testosterone indicating lower fundamental frequency, although the magnitude of
      the relationship was larger than previously observed. Some limited evidence for a
      relationship between circulating testosterone and formant dispersion is also
      found, although this did not reach significance. Diurnal variation in
      testosterone and fundamental frequency, but not formant dispersion was reported,
      together with a trend towards an association between the fall in testosterone and
      the rise in fundamental frequency. Finally, there was no relationship between
      2D:4D and the vocal parameters. It is thought that male voices may have deepened
      over the course of evolution in order to signal dominance and/or to increase the
      speaker's attractiveness. Findings confirm that vocal frequencies may provide an
      honest signal of the speaker's hormonal quality.

PMID- 18155095
TI  - Effects of stress on dietary preference and intake are dependent on access and
      stress sensitivity.
AB  - Recent studies support a link between stress and the increased consumption of
      palatable foods. However, there has been a noted lack of genetic models to
      examine predisposing factors of overweight, obesity, and binge eating,
      particularly the role that stress sensitivity might play in the development of
      these conditions. We have examined the effects of chronic stress exposure on
      macronutrient choice preferences in a genetic mouse model of stress sensitivity
      (corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-2 deficient mice). Mice were provided
      with high fat, high protein, and high carbohydrate diets during exposure to
      chronic variable stress (CVS). Mice given free access to these diets during CVS
      selected a greater proportion of their calories in the form of the high fat diet
      compared to non-stressed mice. Apparent genotypic differences in high protein and
      high carbohydrate preferences were also diminished during the stress exposure.
      Stress-sensitive mice showed reduced weight gain and caloric efficiency during
      CVS, indicating a role for this phenotype in energy balance. When the preferred
      high fat diet was provided under limited access, stress-sensitive mice showed an
      increase in high fat consumption during CVS that was not observed in wild type
      mice, indicating a potential role for stress sensitivity in stress-induced
      bingeing. These studies support an involvement of stress pathways in
      macronutrient selection where stress selectively elevates the intake of a
      preferred high fat diet. Based on the alterations in caloric efficiency,
      increases in stress sensitivity may further predispose an organism toward altered
      energy balance in times of stress.

PMID- 18155096
TI  - Involvement of brain catalase activity in the acquisition of ethanol-induced
      conditioned place preference.
AB  - It has been suggested that some of the behavioral effects produced by ethanol are
      mediated by its first metabolite, acetaldehyde. The present research addressed
      the hypothesis that catalase-dependent metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde in
      the brain is an important step in the production of ethanol-related affective
      properties. Firstly, we investigated the contribution of brain catalase in the
      acquisition of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). Secondly, the
      specificity of the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) was evaluated
      with morphine- and cocaine-induced CPP. Finally, to investigate the role of
      catalase in the process of relapse to ethanol seeking caused by re-exposure to
      ethanol, after an initial conditioning and extinction, mice were primed with
      saline and ethanol or AT and ethanol and tested for reinstatement of CPP.
      Conditioned place preference was blocked in animals treated with AT and ethanol.
      Morphine and cocaine CPP were unaffected by AT treatment. However, the
      reinstatement of place preference was not modified by catalase inhibition. Taken
      together, the results of the present study indicate that the brain catalase
      H(2)O(2) system contributes to the acquisition of affective-dependent learning
      induced by ethanol, and support the involvement of centrally-formed acetaldehyde
      in the formation of positive affective memories produced by ethanol.

PMID- 18155097
TI  - Early life programming of obesity and metabolic disease.
AB  - It is becoming increasingly apparent that conditions experienced in early life
      play an important role in the long-term health of individuals. Alterations in
      development due to impaired, excessive or imbalanced growth, both in utero and
      during critical periods of relative plasticity beyond birth, can lead to the
      permanent programming of physiological systems. The regulation of energy balance
      is one area that is receiving particular attention, as rates of obesity and
      associated metabolic and cardiovascular disease continue to rise. Over recent
      decades, much progress has been made toward understanding the way in which
      metabolic tissues and physiological systems develop, and the impact of early life
      events and nutrition on these processes. It is apparent within human populations
      that some individuals are better able to maintain an appropriate body weight in
      the face of an obesogenic environment. Animal models have been widely used for
      the investigation of differential susceptibility to diet-induced obesity (DIO)
      and impaired energy balance regulation, and are shedding light on key pathways
      that may be involved. Alterations in pathways mediating energy homeostasis,
      outlined below, are likely candidates for programming effects following disturbed
      growth in early life.

PMID- 18155099
TI  - Purdue Ingestive Behavior Research Center symposium 2007: influences on eating
      and body weight over the lifespan--childhood and adolescence.

PMID- 18155098
TI  - Sucrose intake and fasting glucose levels in 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B) receptor
      mutant mice.
AB  - Serotonin (5-HT)(1A) and 5-HT(1B) receptors have been implicated in the incidence
      and treatment of depression in part through the examination of animals lacking
      these receptors. Although these receptors have been repeatedly implicated in
      ingestive behavior there is little information about how 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B)
      receptor mutant mice react to solutions of varying palatability. In the present
      experiment male and female 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B) mutant and wild-type mice were
      presented with increasing concentrations of sucrose using a two-bottle choice
      procedure. In addition fasting blood glucose levels were assessed. Both male and
      female 5-HT(1B) mutant mice drank more sucrose than WT mice but also consumed
      more water. Female, but not male, 5-HT(1A) mutant mice similarly showed increased
      sucrose consumption, but did not demonstrate increased consumption of water. In
      addition, the pattern of increased sucrose consumption over genotype and sex was
      related to fasting blood glucose concentrations such that levels in male 5-HT(1B)
      mutant mice were reduced relative to wild-type and 5-HT(1A) mutant males, but
      similar to those of females. The findings in 5-HT(1B) mutant mice emphasize the
      role of the 5-HT(1B) receptor in regulating ingestive behavior, whereas female
      sex hormones and 5-HT(1A) receptors may interact to alter sucrose consumption in
      5-HT(1A) mutant mice. In addition, these findings may have implications for the
      role of these receptors in the incidence and treatment of depression since the
      intake of sucrose has been used as an index of anhedonia in animal models of
      depression and antidepressant efficacy.

PMID- 18155100
TI  - Olfactory discrimination and incentive value of non copulating and sexually
      sluggish male rats.
AB  - Some apparently healthy male rats fail to copulate despite being tested on
      repeated occasions with receptive females and are called non copulating (NC)
      rats. NC rats sniff and lick the female genitals, and show normal erectile and
      ejaculatory functions and hormonal levels. Sexually sluggish (S) male rats take a
      long time to ejaculate or sometimes they don't achieve ejaculation when tested
      repeatedly with receptive females. The aim of the present study was to determine
      if NC and S males can discriminate sexually relevant olfactory cues such as urine
      from estrous or anestrous female and urine from sexually experienced males. We
      also tested odors like amyl acetate and mint using an olfactory discrimination
      test. In a second experiment we evaluated if a sexually receptive female has a
      preference for a copulating (C) male, for a NC male, or for a S male in a sexual
      incentive motivation test. This would let us determine if a NC and an S male are
      equally attractive than a C male to a sexually receptive female. The olfactory
      test revealed that C, NC and S males have the same ability to discriminate
      sexually relevant odors. As well, all males clearly discriminate non sexual odors
      like amyl acetate and mint suggesting that NC and S male rats do not have
      alterations in their olfactory system. With respect to the sexual incentive
      motivation test, females spend the same time in the incentive zone of the NC and
      C males. As well, females spent the same time in the incentive zone of S and C
      males. These results demonstrate that NC, S and C males are equally attractive to
      receptive females.

PMID- 18155103
TI  - Commentary. The imperatives for change in the US health care payment and delivery
      systems are clear.
AB  - Americans' spending on health care is the highest in the world, yet it does not
      equate with the value expected. There are disparities in access to care and a
      wide variation in quality. It is imperative that the US health care payment and
      delivery system change. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) have
      defined and are implementing the CMS Quality Roadmap, which includes (1) working
      with stakeholder collaboratives; (2) reporting to the public; (3) reforming the
      reimbursement systems to reward quality; (4) promoting health information
      technology and evidence-based medicine; and (5) increasing availability of new
      treatments, technologies, innovations, and information. This will fit in the
      value-driven health care initiative of The Department of Health and Human
      Services. Strategies included (1) developing quality and efficiency metrics for
      kidney patients, (2) measuring quality at the individual dialysis facility and
      nephrologist level, (3) reporting outcomes including as consumer/payer choice
      incentives by the public, (4) reforming the reimbursement system, (5) promoting
      interoperable health information technology, (6) focusing on health disparities,
      (7) coordinating the system of care for patients, and (8) changing treatment when
      indicated by new evidence.

PMID- 18155105
TI  - Unification of the voice of nephrology stakeholders.
AB  - Kidney Care Partners is a coalition made up of representatives from the entire
      kidney community. Its mission is to ensure that chronic kidney disease patients
      receive optimal care, lead quality lives, and have ready access to dialysis care.
      The coalition focuses on consensus building and a community-wide cooperative
      effort toward developing health policy in the interest of patients. Presently,
      end-stage renal disease care is underfunded, and factors such as an aging
      population and an increase in obesity are leading to increased demands on the
      system. Changes in reimbursement for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents will
      further challenge this system. Kidney Care Partners is strongly promoting health
      policy through the support of the Kidney Care Quality and Education Act of 2007
      (HR 1193/S 691). Among their activities is the formation of the Kidney Care
      Quality Initiative in an effort to bring consensus to the development of usable
      quality measures.

PMID- 18155104
TI  - Congressional oversight of Medicare program intensifies: a look at the factors
      surrounding the scrutiny and nephrology's response.
AB  - In recent years, federal legislators and policymakers have increased their
      oversight of the Medicare program. This increased scrutiny accompanies federal
      budgetary constraint, the tenuous solvency of the Medicare program, changing
      congressional leadership, and safety concerns in health care. Two high-profile
      areas of focus have been the quality of care provided by physicians participating
      in the Medicare program and policies governing erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
      in the treatment of anemia. The nephrology community has sought to preserve its
      ability to provide appropriate, high-quality care to patients with chronic kidney
      disease (CKD). These efforts include establishing and monitoring quality measures
      and advocating for the best care and patient choice for those with CKD.

PMID- 18155106
TI  - Disease management in chronic kidney disease.
AB  - Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health problem of epidemic proportions
      both in the United States and worldwide. The care of CKD patients, before and
      after starting dialysis, remains highly fragmented resulting in suboptimal
      clinical outcomes and high costs, creating a high burden of disease on patients
      and the health care system. Disease management (DM) is an approach to
      coordinating care for this complex population of patients that has the promise of
      improving outcomes and constraining costs. For CKD patients not yet on dialysis,
      the major goals of a DM program are (1) early identification of CKD patients and
      therapy to slow the progression of CKD, (2) identification and management of the
      complications of CKD per se, (3) identification and management of the
      complications of comorbid conditions, and (4) smooth transition to renal
      replacement therapy. For those CKD patients on dialysis, focused attention on
      avoidable hospitalizations is a key to a successful DM program. Multidisciplinary
      collaboration among physicians (nephrologist, primary care physician,
      cardiologist, endocrinologist, vascular surgeons, and transplant physicians) and
      participating caregivers (nurse, pharmacist, social worker, and dietician) is
      critical as well. There are several potential barriers to the successful
      implementation of a CKD/end-stage renal disease DM program, including lack of
      awareness of the disease state among patients and health care providers, late
      identification and referrals to a nephrologist, complex fragmented care delivered
      by multiple providers in many different sites of care, and reimbursement that
      does not align incentives for all involved. Recent experience suggests that these
      barriers can be overcome, with DM becoming a promising approach for improving
      outcomes for this vulnerable population.

PMID- 18155107
TI  - Building the chronic kidney disease management team.
AB  - The need to be efficient and the demands for performance-based service are
      changing how nephrologists deliver care. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurs in
      patients with complex medical and social problems. CKD management requires that
      multidisciplinary professionals provide patient education, disease management,
      and psychosocial support. To remain cost-efficient, many physicians are training
      and supervising midlevel practitioners in the delivery of specialized health
      care. Specialized care that meets present CKD patient needs is best delivered in
      a CKD clinic. Three models of CKD clinic are identified: (1) anemia management
      CKD clinic, (2) the basic CKD clinic, and (3) the comprehensive CKD clinic. Each
      clinic model is based on critical elements of staffing, billable services, and
      patient-focused health care. Billable services are anemia-management services,
      physician services that may be provided by midlevel practitioners, and medical
      nutrition therapy. In some cases, social worker services may be billable.
      Building a patient-focused clinic that offers CKD management requires planning,
      familiarity with federal regulations and statutes, and skillful practitioners.
      Making services cost-efficient and outcome oriented requires careful physician
      leadership, talented midlevel practitioners, and billing professionals who
      understand the goals of the CKD clinic. As Medicare payment reforms evolve, a
      well-organized CKD program can be well poised to meet the requirements of payers
      and congressional mandates for performance-based purchasing.

PMID- 18155108
TI  - Computer templates in chronic kidney disease care: a tool for improving patient
      management.
AB  - Templates are custom screens that physicians can use within many practice
      management systems to offer a more relevant and efficient form for viewing and
      entering patient information. The ability to customize and effectively use a
      template increases the physician's ability to avoid medical errors, increase
      quality, promote efficiency, and have a higher level of satisfaction and
      accomplishment when managing patients. They enable physicians and practices to
      collect structured data that can be used to track patient data, analyze systems,
      and assist in research and quality improvement. We argue that templates hold the
      potential to increase the efficiency and quality of medical care, especially in
      the management of patients with chronic kidney disease, and that physicians
      should embrace customizing the templates in their medical practice management
      systems.

PMID- 18155109
TI  - Automation, decision support, and expert systems in nephrology.
AB  - Increasing data suggest that errors in medicine occur frequently and result in
      substantial harm to the patient. The Institute of Medicine report described the
      magnitude of the problem, and public interest in this issue, which was already
      large, has grown. The traditional approach in medicine has been to identify the
      persons making the errors and recommend corrective strategies. However, it has
      become increasingly clear that it is more productive to focus on the systems and
      processes through which care is provided. If these systems are set up in ways
      that would both make errors less likely and identify those that do occur and, at
      the same time, improve efficiency, then safety and productivity would be
      substantially improved. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are active
      knowledge systems that use 2 or more items of patient data to generate case
      specific recommendations. CDSSs are typically designed to integrate a medical
      knowledge base, patient data, and an inference engine to generate case specific
      advice. This article describes how automation, templating, and CDSS improve
      efficiency, patient care, and safety by reducing the frequency and consequences
      of medical errors in nephrology. We discuss practical applications of these in 3
      settings: a computerized anemia-management program (CAMP, Henry Ford Health
      System, Detroit, MI), vascular access surveillance systems, and monthly
      capitation notes in the hemodialysis unit.

PMID- 18155110
TI  - The Physician Quality Reporting Initiative: a practical approach to implementing
      quality reporting.
AB  - The Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) is a voluntary program in which
      Medicare encourages eligible physicians in the United States to report on
      specific quality measures. This article is a case study of the implementation of
      PQRI reporting by Kidney Associates, a nephrology practice in Houston, TX. After
      reviewing and discussing 74 potential measures, the group narrowed the selection
      to 5 and chose 1 office measure and 2 dialysis measures. PQRI reporting was
      established through an Encounter Note template that forced a required entry for
      whether a patient was diabetic. For each diabetic, blood pressures were entered
      in the template and appropriate G-codes were created, which were then selected
      and linked with the diabetes International Classification of Diseases, Ninth
      Revision code and electronically submitted for billing. The dialysis measures
      were automatically selected from the urea reduction rate and hematocrit
      (hemoglobin x 3) measures that were received for each patient on a regular basis
      from a large dialysis chain. Software was developed to parse these data, evaluate
      them, and generate the appropriate G-codes. At the end of the billing cycle,
      these data were exported through a standard spreadsheet formatting along with the
      billing G codes, and claims were submitted. The system was cost-effective to
      implement, required minimal education, and achieved 100% cooperation through
      feedback education and rapid correction of systems issues. Kidney Associates was
      able to show that PQRI reporting is easy to implement with minimal expense and
      staff labor. Sharing these methods with other practices should facilitate the
      implementation of efficient reporting systems.

PMID- 18155111
TI  - Characterizing the ideal clinical office system for nephrology.
AB  - Clinical information technology (IT) systems that support nephrology-specific
      content can facilitate the coordinated, progressive, and comprehensive care of
      all patients with renal disease including those with each stage of chronic kidney
      disease (CKD). The ideal clinical IT system should have flexible features to meet
      the needs of individualized practice patterns, yet also have tools to enhance
      continuity, measure performance, and deliver decision support features that
      assist the nephrologist in providing optimal care for the CKD patient. This
      article provides insight into the complexities of engaging in the process of
      technology adoption, including selection, integration, and implementation while
      emphasizing the utility of using a continuous quality improvement paradigm to
      identify and achieve positive results from the adoption and integration of a
      clinical IT system into outpatient clinical practice of nephrology.

PMID- 18155112
TI  - The internet as a tool for the renal community.
AB  - The Internet has impacted health care. With the introduction of the personal
      health record (PHR), patients have an opportunity to track their physician
      visits, medications, and laboratory values online in a pleasant and informative
      learning environment. The PHR is a secure, online, Internet-accessible method of
      storing and easily retrieving health information about one's medical history,
      physician visits, laboratory values, and medications. The American Association of
      Kidney Patients (AAKP) has taken the leadership role in developing a PHR for
      patients of the kidney community. There are several barriers that patients
      experience when using the Web for health resources. These include inaccurate or
      self-serving information and marketing statements that can be misleading and
      dangerous. Poorly written or inappropriate information for patients can be
      problematic, as can an abundance of extraneous information. For the most part,
      the public often has no way to judge what is and is not credible based on the
      context of the article alone. This article gives the reader a review of several
      Web resources that are available for patients and also for renal professionals.
      They are largely from large nonprofit organizations like the AAKP, National
      Kidney Foundation, Medical Education Institute, American Society of Nephrology,
      or The Nephron Information Center (nephron.com). This article also reviews sites
      from The National Kidney Disease Education Program, Hypertension-Dialysis and
      Clinical Nephrology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
      Diseases, and DaVita.

PMID- 18155113
TI  - A comparison of aerobic exercise and resistance training in patients with and
      without chronic kidney disease.
AB  - The morbidity and mortality associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are
      primarily caused by atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, which may be in
      part caused by inflammation and oxidative stress. Aerobic exercise and resistance
      training have been proposed as measures to combat obesity, inflammation,
      endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and progression of
      CKD. In non-CKD patients, aerobic exercise reduces inflammation, increases
      insulin sensitivity, decreases microalbuminuria, facilitates weight loss,
      decreases leptins, and protects against oxidative injury. In nondialysis CKD,
      aerobic exercise decreases microalbuminuria, protects from oxidative stress, and
      may increase the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Aerobic exercise in
      hemodialysis patients has been reported to enhance insulin sensitivity, improve
      lipid profile, increase hemoglobin, increase strength, decrease blood pressure,
      and improve quality of life. Resistance training, in the general population,
      decreases C-reactive protein, increases insulin sensitivity, decreases body fat
      content, increases insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and decreases
      microalbuminuria. In the nondialysis CKD population, resistance training has been
      reported to reduce inflammation, increase serum albumin, maintain body weight,
      increase muscle strength, increase IGF-1, and increase GFR. Resistance training
      in hemodialysis increases muscle strength, increases physical functionality, and
      improves IGF-1 status. Combined aerobic exercise and resistance training during
      dialysis improves muscle strength, work output, cardiac fitness, and possibly
      dialysis adequacy. There is a need for more investigation on the role of exercise
      in CKD. If the benefits of aerobic exercise and strength training in non-CKD
      populations can be shown to apply to CKD patients as well, renal rehabilitation
      will begin to play an important role in the approach to the treatment,
      prevention, and slowed progression of CKD.

PMID- 18155114
TI  - Experimental studies with foot-and-mouth disease virus type Asia-1, responsible
      for the 2005 epidemic in China.
AB  - This study was carried out to investigate the biological characteristics of the
      foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus strain Asia-1 China/2005, which is responsible
      for the 2005 epidemic in China. The result showed that this strain is not host
      restricted, and could not only cause FMD in cattle and sheep but also in pigs by
      either inoculation or direct contact.

PMID- 18155115
TI  - [Giant tumour of the mouth floor].

PMID- 18155116
TI  - Expression of a glucocorticoid receptor (DlGR1) in several tissues of the teleost
      fish Dicentrarchus labrax.
AB  - Since glucocorticoids have a role in maintaining the homeostatic status in fish,
      in the present paper mRNA expression (in situ hybridization) and tissue
      immunohistochemical localization of a glucocorticoid receptor (DlGR1) in several
      Dicentrarchus labrax organs are reported. Riboprobe and specific antibodies were
      prepared by using the DlGR1 that has been previously cloned and sequenced from
      peritoneal cavity leukocytes. Both mRNA and receptor were identified in head
      kidney, spleen, gills, intestine, heart and liver tissues. The functional roles
      of DlGR1 localization are discussed.

PMID- 18155117
TI  - Failure of catalase to protect against aflatoxin B1-induced mouse lung
      tumorigenicity.
AB  - The carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) induces 8-hydroxy-2'
      deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation in mouse lung, an effect that can be prevented
      by treatment with polyethylene glycol-conjugated catalase (PEG-CAT). G-->T
      transversion mutation in K-ras, an early event in AFB(1)-induced mouse lung
      carcinogenesis, is thought to result from AFB(1)-8,9-exo-epoxide binding to DNA
      to form AFB(1)-N(7)-guanine, but may also result from formation of 8-OHdG.
      Therefore, oxidative DNA damage may be important in AFB(1) carcinogenicity. The
      objective of this study was to determine whether PEG-CAT would prevent AFB(1)
      tumorigenicity. Mouse lung tumorigenesis was assessed following treatment of
      female A/J mice with 300 kU/kg PEG-CAT ip and/or 50 mg/kg AFB(1). Mice were
      killed 7 months post-treatment and tumors greater than 1 mm in diameter were
      excised. Unexpectedly, the mean number of tumors per mouse in the PEG-CAT+AFB(1)
      group (8.81+/-3.64, n=47) was greater than that of the group treated with AFB(1)
      alone (7.05+/-3.45, n=42) (P<0.05). The tumors obtained from mice treated with
      PEG-CAT+AFB(1) were larger than those from mice treated with AFB(1) alone
      (P<0.05). There was no difference in K-ras exon 1 mutation spectrum or in the
      histological diagnosis of tumors between AFB(1) and PEG-CAT+AFB(1) groups
      (P>0.05). In vitro incubation with mouse liver catalase (CAT) resulted in
      conversion of [(3)H]AFB(1) into a DNA-binding species, a possible explanation for
      the results observed in vivo. These results demonstrate that PEG-CAT is not
      protective against AFB(1) carcinogenicity in mouse lung despite preventing DNA
      oxidation.

PMID- 18155118
TI  - Acute and repeated dose toxicity studies of recombinant saxatilin, a disintegrin
      from the Korean snake (Gloydius saxatilis).
AB  - To examine the toxicological effect of saxatilin, a disintegrin isolated from the
      venom of a Korean snake (Gloydius saxatilis), recombinant saxatilin was highly
      expressed as a biologically active form in Pichia pastoris, and was successfully
      purified to homogeneity from the culture broth supernatant. The molecular and
      biological properties of the recombinant protein were the same as those of its
      natural form. Plasma half-life of the protein in rat was determined to 13.8 min.
      The maximum tolerated dose of the recombinant saxatilin was examined in ICR mice.
      The determined LD(50) values were 400 and 600 mg/kg of the body weight of a male
      and female mouse, respectively. To investigate the repeated dose toxicity of
      saxatilin in mice, the test item was intravenously administered to groups of ICR
      mice every day for 4 weeks. We observed a decrease in locomotor activity,
      piloerection, and crouching in clinical findings, a decrease of red blood cells
      (RBCs) in hematology, and hyperplasia of the spleen in histology related to
      administration of the test item. These results suggest that the target organ of
      intravenous administration of the test item is the spleen. The no adverse effect
      level (NOAEL) in this test for both males and females is considered to be 3mg/kg.
      Our results also indicate that recombinant saxatilin is non-toxic at an
      administration dose with an anti-platelet effect, and might be a potential anti
      adhesion therapeutic agent for thrombosis, cancer, restenosis, cataract, and
      osteoporosis.

PMID- 18155119
TI  - Potency evaluation of antivenoms in Brazil: the national control laboratory
      experience between 2000 and 2006.
AB  - Envenoming from snakebites is an important public health issue in Brazil. In
      2005, 28,597 cases were notified (15 cases/100,000 inhabitants), 87.5% due to
      Bothrops and 9.2% to Crotalus genus. Antivenoms available in Brazil are liquid
      preparations containing purified equine Fab'2. Since 1987, the National Institute
      for Quality Control in Health (INCQS/FIOCRUZ) has been testing all lots prior to
      batch release. Between 2000 and 2006, 619 lots of antivenoms were tested,
      comprising 2,513,690 ampoules. The potency assay was performed only for bothropic
      and crotalic antivenoms (485 lots corresponding to 1,866,726 ampoules) due to the
      unavailability of the other reference venoms. This paper aims to report the last
      7-year activities of INCQS on the quality control, batch release and potency
      evaluation of antivenoms.

PMID- 18155120
TI  - Hepatitis B virus polymerase suppresses translation of pregenomic RNA via a
      mechanism involving its interaction with 5' stem-loop structure.
AB  - The pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) of hepadnaviruses serves a dual role: as mRNA for the
      core (C) and polymerase (P) synthesis and as an RNA template for viral genome
      replication. A question arises as to how these two roles are regulated. We
      hypothesized that the P protein could suppress translation of the pgRNA via its
      interaction with 5' stem-loop structure (epsilon or encapsidation signal).
      Consistent with the hypothesis, we observed up-regulation of the C protein level
      in the absence of the P protein expression in a physiological context.
      Importantly, translational suppression depended on the 5' epsilon sequence.
      Furthermore, the impact of the P protein on ongoing translation of the C ORF was
      directly demonstrated by polysome distribution analysis. We conclude that the P
      protein suppresses translation of the pgRNA via a mechanism involving its
      interaction with the 5' epsilon sequence, a finding that implicates the
      coordinated switch from translation to genome replication.

PMID- 18155121
TI  - Mouse adenovirus type 1 infection of natural killer cell-deficient mice.
AB  - Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to the initial nonspecific response to viral
      infection, and viruses exhibit a range of sensitivities to NK cells in vivo. We
      investigated the role of NK cells in infection of mice by mouse adenovirus type 1
      (MAV-1) using antibody-mediated depletion and knockout mice. MAV-1 causes
      encephalomyelitis and replicates to highest levels in brains. NK cell-depleted
      mice infected with MAV-1 showed brain viral loads 8-20 days p.i. that were
      similar to wild-type control non-depleted mice. Mice genetically deficient for NK
      cells behaved similarly to wild-type control mice with respect to brain viral
      loads and survival. We conclude that NK cells are not required to control virus
      replication in the brains of MAV-1-infected mice.

PMID- 18155122
TI  - The complete genome sequence of the Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (ASPV).
AB  - The complete RNA genome of the Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (ASPV), isolated
      from Atlantic salmon suffering from proliferative gill inflammation (PGI), has
      been determined. The genome is 16,965 nucleotides in length and consists of six
      nonoverlapping genes in the order 3'- N - P/C/V - M - F - HN - L -5', coding for
      the nucleocapsid, phospho-, matrix, fusion, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and large
      polymerase proteins, respectively. The gene junctions contain highly conserved
      transcription start and stop signal sequences and trinucleotide intergenic
      regions similar to those of other Paramyxoviridae. The ASPV P-gene expression
      strategy is like that of the respiro- and morbilliviruses, which express the
      phosphoprotein from the primary transcript, and edit a portion of the mRNA to
      encode the accessory proteins V and W. It also encodes the C-protein by ribosomal
      choice of translation initiation. Pairwise comparisons of amino acid identities,
      and phylogenetic analysis of deduced ASPV protein sequences with homologous
      sequences from other Paramyxoviridae, show that ASPV has an affinity for the
      genus Respirovirus, but may represent a new genus within the subfamily
      Paramyxovirinae.

PMID- 18155123
TI  - Response to "Non-segmented negative-strand RNA virus RNA synthesis in vivo".

PMID- 18155124
TI  - Preferential regeneration of photoreceptor from Muller glia after retinal
      degeneration in adult rat.
AB  - To determine whether photoreceptor degeneration can stimulate Muller glia to
      transdifferentiate into neurons in adult mammalian retina, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea
      (MNU) was injected to induce complete loss of photoreceptors. Following MNU
      administration, Muller glia underwent reactive gliosis characterized by up
      regulation of glial fibrillar acidic protein and nestin, and initiated
      proliferation through the cyclin D1 and D3 related pathways. Some Muller glia
      derived cells were induced to express rhodopsin exclusively. These rhodopsin
      positive cells exhibited synaptophysin around them, suggesting possible formation
      of synapses. After transplanted in to damaged retina, Muller glia migrated,
      grafted in host retina and produced rhodopsin. These results suggest that
      degeneration may promote preferential differentiation of Muller glia to
      photoreceptors and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for retinal
      degenerative diseases.

PMID- 18155125
TI  - Bioreactivity of municipal solid waste landfill leachates-Hormesis and DNA
      damage.
AB  - The issue of domestic waste is recognised as one of the most serious
      environmental problems facing the nation. With the UK producing 35 million tonnes
      of municipal solid waste per annum, an understanding of the ranges of toxicity of
      landfill emissions is crucial to determine the degree of concern we should have
      about the potential effects these waste sites could have upon nearby populations
      and the surrounding environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
      bioreactivity of landfill leachates in terms of their capacity to damage ROS
      sensitive bacteriophage plasmid DNA and induce toxicity in a commercial
      photobacterium toxicity assay, based on the light emission of Vibrio fischeri
      bacteria (ROTAS). The bacterial assay revealed widespread biostimulation and a
      hormesis response in the bacteria, with alpha-, beta- and gamma-response curves
      observed following exposure to the different landfill leachates. Different
      biological mechanisms lead to variations in bioreactivity, as seen in the plasmid
      DNA scission and ROTAS assays.

PMID- 18155126
TI  - Variability in microbial carbon isotope fractionation of tetra- and
      trichloroethene upon reductive dechlorination.
AB  - The variability of stable carbon isotope fractionation upon reductive
      dechlorination of tetra- and trichloroethene by several microbial strains was
      investigated to examine the uncertainties related to the in situ application of
      compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of chlorinated ethenes. Carbon isotope
      fractionation was investigated with a set of microorganisms representative for
      the currently known diversity of dehalorespirers: Dehalococcoides ethenogenes
      strain 195, Desulfitobacterium sp. strain Viet1, Desulfuromonas michiganensis and
      Geobacter lovleyi sp. strain SZ and compared to the previous reports using
      Sulfurospirillum spp. and Desulfitobacterium sp. strain PCE-S. Carbon isotope
      fractionation of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichlorethene (TCE) was highly
      variable ranging from the absence of significant fractionation to carbon isotope
      fractionation (epsilonC) of 16.7 and 3.5-18.9 for PCE and TCE, respectively.
      Fractionation of both compounds by D. ethenogenes strain 195 (PCE: epsilonC=6.0;
      TCE: epsilonC=13.7) was similar to the literature data for mixed cultures
      containing Dehalococcoides spp. D. michiganensis (PCE: no significant
      fractionation; TCE: epsilonC=3.5) and G. lovleyi sp. strain SZ (PCE no
      significant fractionation; TCE: epsilonC=8.5) generated the lowest fractionation
      of all studied strains. Desulfitobacterium sp. strain Viet1 (PCE: epsilonC=16.7)
      gave the highest enrichment factor for PCE.

PMID- 18155127
TI  - Chemical solutions for greywater recycling.
AB  - Greywater recycling is now accepted as a sustainable solution to the general
      increase of the fresh water demand, water shortages and for environment
      protection. However, the majority of the suggested treatments are biological and
      such technologies can be affected, especially at small scale, by the variability
      in strength and flow of the greywater and potential shock loading. This
      investigation presents the study of alternative processes, coagulation and
      magnetic ion exchange resin, for the treatment of greywater for reuse. The
      potential of these processes as well as the influence of parameters such as
      coagulant or resin dose, pH or contact time were investigated for the treatment
      of two greywaters of low and high organic strengths. The results obtained
      revealed that magnetic ion exchange resin and coagulation were suitable treatment
      solutions for low strength greywater sources. However, they were unable to
      achieve the required level of treatment for the reuse of medium to high strength
      greywaters. Consequently, these processes could only be considered as an option
      for greywater recycling in specific conditions that is to say in case of low
      organic strength greywater or less stringent standards for reuse.

PMID- 18155128
TI  - Symmetrical gaits of Cebus apella: implications for the functional significance
      of diagonal sequence gait in primates.
AB  - Quadrupedal locomotion of primates is distinguished from the quadrupedalism of
      many other mammals by several features, including a diagonal sequence (DS)
      footfall used in symmetrical gaits. This presumably unique feature of primate
      locomotion has been attributed to an ancestral adaptation for cautious arboreal
      quadrupedalism on thin, flexible branches. However, the functional significance
      of DS gait remains largely hypothetical. The study presented here tests
      hypotheses about the functional significance of DS gait by analyzing the gait
      mechanics of a primate that alternates between DS and lateral sequence (LS)
      gaits, Cebus apella. Kinematic and kinetic data were gathered from two subjects
      as they moved across both terrestrial and simulated arboreal substrates. These
      data were used to test four hypotheses: (1) locomotion on arboreal supports is
      associated with increased use of DS gait, (2) DS gait is associated with lower
      peak vertical substrate reaction forces than LS gait, (3) DS gait is associated
      with greater forelimb/hind limb differentiation in force magnitudes, and (4) DS
      gait offers increased stability. Our results indicate that animals preferred DS
      gait on the arboreal substrate, and LS gait while on the ground. Peak vertical
      substrate reaction forces showed a tendency to be lower in DS gait, but not
      consistently so. Pole ("arboreal") forces were lower than ground forces in DS
      gait, but not in LS gait. The preferred symmetrical gait on both substrates was a
      grounded run or amble, with the body supported by only one limb throughout most
      of the stride. During periods of bilateral support, the DS gait had predominantly
      diagonal support couplets. This benefit for stability on an arboreal substrate is
      potentially outweighed by overstriding, its associated ipsilateral limb
      interference in DS gait and hind foot positioning in front of the hand on
      untested territory. DS gait also did not result in an optimal anchoring position
      of the hind foot under the center of mass of the body at forelimb touchdown. In
      sum, the results are mixed regarding the superiority of DS gait in an arboreal
      setting. Consequently, the notion that DS gait is an ancestral adaptation of
      primates, conditioned by the selection demands of an arboreal environment,
      remains largely hypothetical.

PMID- 18155129
TI  - Differential elastin and tenascin immunolabeling in the uterosacral ligaments in
      postmenopausal women with and without pelvic organ prolapse.
AB  - Connective tissue, consisting mainly of collagen and structural glycoproteins, is
      an important part of the supportive structures of the genitourinary region.
      Relatively few data have been published with respect to the role of elastin and
      glycoproteins in pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Connective tissue of the
      uterosacral ligament in postmenopausal women with and without genital prolapse
      was compared. Fifty-nine consecutive women referred for hysterectomy were
      included in the study. The patients had POP or benign gynecological disease (e.g.
      myoma of the uterus). Tissue samples from the uterosacral ligament were
      investigated for localization and distribution of tenascin and elastin using
      immunofluorescence microscopy. Tissue samples of women with prolapse showed a
      significantly (p<0.001) weaker immunofluorescent labeling of tenascin compared to
      samples taken from women without prolapse. Tenascin was detectable in tissues of
      all women with POP, whereas its immunolabeling was decreased in the uterosacral
      ligament in women without POP. Intact elastin fibers were observed in tissues of
      all women without POP, whereas elastin was undetectable or sometimes fragmented
      in the uterosacral ligament in women with POP. Greater amounts of tenascin and
      lesser amounts of elastin were therefore found in patients with POP. These
      results suggest that an altered turnover of connective tissue in the uterosacral
      ligament might be responsible for the presence of pelvic floor relaxation in
      postmenopausal women. These data indicate a complex architecture of the
      extracellular matrix in the uterosacral ligaments, with marked differences in
      tenascin and elastin expression between postmenopausal women with or without POP.

PMID- 18155130
TI  - Sleep duration and obesity-related risk factors in the rural Midwest.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Habitual short sleep duration is a common practice linked to weight
      gain and risk of obesity. Our objective was to examine the association between
      sleep duration with other behaviors, such as physical activity and nutrition,
      which are important for obesity prevention efforts. METHODS: We used cross
      sectional data from rural communities in Missouri, Tennessee, and Arkansas
      (N=1203). Controlling for covariates, we assessed the association between short
      sleep duration (<7 h vs. 7-8 h) and obesity, not meeting vigorous physical
      activity requirements, low fruit and vegetable consumption, high fat consumption,
      and frequently eating at fast food restaurants. RESULTS: The proportion of
      participants with habitual sleep duration of <7 h, 7-8 h, and > or =9 h was
      36.2%, 57.3%, and 6.4%, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, short sleep
      duration was associated with certain obesity-related behaviors, particularly
      lower physical activity and lower fruit and vegetable consumption. CONCLUSIONS:
      Short sleep duration is associated with risk behaviors that are known to promote
      weight gain and obesity. Interventions aimed at promoting physical activity and
      improved nutrition may benefit by considering adequate sleep duration as a
      potentially modifiable behavior that may impact the effectiveness of efforts to
      prevent obesity.

PMID- 18155131
TI  - RNA-binding protein Dnd1 inhibits microRNA access to target mRNA.
AB  - MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are inhibitors of gene expression capable of controlling
      processes in normal development and cancer. In mammals, miRNAs use a seed
      sequence of 6-8 nucleotides (nt) to associate with 3' untranslated regions
      (3'UTRs) of mRNAs and inhibit their expression. Intriguingly, occasionally not
      only the miRNA-targeting site but also sequences in its vicinity are highly
      conserved throughout evolution. We therefore hypothesized that conserved regions
      in mRNAs may serve as docking platforms for modulators of miRNA activity. Here we
      demonstrate that the expression of dead end 1 (Dnd1), an evolutionary conserved
      RNA-binding protein (RBP), counteracts the function of several miRNAs in human
      cells and in primordial germ cells of zebrafish by binding mRNAs and prohibiting
      miRNAs from associating with their target sites. These effects of Dnd1 are
      mediated through uridine-rich regions present in the miRNA-targeted mRNAs. Thus,
      our data unravel a novel role of Dnd1 in protecting certain mRNAs from miRNA
      mediated repression.

PMID- 18155132
TI  - Correlation of filler content and elastic properties of resin-composites.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The aim was to determine the Young's modulus (E), bulk modulus (B),
      shear modulus (G) and Poisson's ratio (nu) of a series of composite restorative
      materials and to correlate them with their filler volume-fractions. METHODS:
      Twelve model resin-composite formulations, with systematically varied volume
      fraction (Tokuyama), a flowable resin-composite (Point 4 flowable, Kerr) and two
      hybrid resin-composites (Filtek Supreme XT, 3M-Espe & X-tra Fil, Voco) were
      investigated. Twelve cylindrical specimens (5 mm x 6 mm) were prepared from each
      material. Six were free to expand radially under axial compressive loading, and
      were used to calculate the Young's modulus (E). The other six were radially
      constricted in a rigid stainless steel ring during loading, from which the bulk
      modulus (B) was calculated. Compression loading was performed at 1mm/min. The
      Young's and bulk moduli were determined using equations of elasticity. Poisson's
      ratio from nu=0.5-(E/6B) and shear modulus from G=E/2(1+nu). RESULTS: Young's
      moduli ranged from 2.19 to 7.15GPa, bulk moduli from 12.79 to 22.43GPa and shear
      moduli from 0.74 to 2.47GPa. Poisson's ratio ranged from 0.45 for the stiffer to
      0.47 for the more compliant composites. Statistically significant differences
      (ANOVA and Bonferroni at p=0.05) were found depending on filler volume-fraction.
      SIGNIFICANCE: Elastic moduli varied significantly and a positive correlation
      existed between elastic moduli and filler volume-fraction (r2: 0.905-0.992 and
      0.940-1.000 for Young's and bulk moduli, respectively).

PMID- 18155133
TI  - Iron oxide labelling of human mesenchymal stem cells in collagen hydrogels for
      articular cartilage repair.
AB  - For the development of new therapeutical cell-based strategies for articular
      cartilage repair, a reliable cell monitoring technique is required to track the
      cells in vivo non-invasively and repeatedly. We present a systematic and detailed
      study on the performance and biological impact of a simple and efficient
      labelling protocol for human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Commercially
      available very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOPs) were used as
      magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent. Iron uptake via endocytosis was confirmed
      histologically with prussian blue staining and quantified by mass spectrometry.
      Compared with unlabelled cells, VSOP-labelling did neither influence the
      viability nor the proliferation potential of hMSCs. Furthermore, iron
      incorporation did not affect hMSCs in undergoing adipogenic, osteogenic or
      chondrogenic differentiation, as demonstrated histologically and by gene
      expression analyses. The efficiency of the labelling protocol was assessed with
      high-resolution MR imaging at 11.7T. VSOP-labelled hMSCs were visualised in a
      collagen type I hydrogel, which is in clinical use for matrix-based articular
      cartilage repair. The presence of VSOP-labelled hMSCs was indicated by distinct
      hypointense spots in the MR images, as a result of iron specific loss of signal
      intensity. In summary, this labelling technique has great potential to visualise
      hMSCs and track their migration after transplantation for articular cartilage
      repair with MR imaging.

PMID- 18155134
TI  - A comparison of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells and anterior cruciate ligament
      fibroblasts responses on combined silk scaffolds.
AB  - The aim of this study was to compare the cellular responses of bone marrow
      derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and anterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts
      (ACLFs) on combined silk scaffolds for ligament tissue engineering application.
      Rabbit BMSCs and ACLFs were isolated and cultured in vitro for two weeks after
      seeding on the silk scaffolds. Samples were evaluated and compared for their
      cellular morphology, proliferation, gene and protein expression of tenascin-C,
      type I and type III collagen. In addition, the two cell types were transfected
      with green fluorescent protein (GFP) to trace their fate in the knee joints.
      Preliminary results comparing cell proliferation indicated that BMSCs
      proliferated faster than ACLFs. Gene expression of the phenotypic markers
      measured using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
      indicated the transcript levels of BMSCs were significantly increased after two
      weeks of culture, whereas those of ACLFs had no significant difference. The
      protein levels and localization were determined by western blotting and
      immunohistochemical staining, the results showed more production of ligament
      related extracellular matrix (ECM) by BMSCs as compared to ACLFs. Moreover, 4
      weeks postoperatively, more fluorescent cells were presented in BMSC-loaded
      constructs than in ACLF-loaded constructs. Therefore, based on the cellular
      response in vitro and in vivo, BMSCs were found to be a better cell source than
      ACLFs for the further study of ACL tissue engineering.

PMID- 18155135
TI  - Peripheral nerve regeneration within an asymmetrically porous PLGA/Pluronic F127
      nerve guide conduit.
AB  - Asymmetrically porous tubes with selective permeability and hydrophilicity as
      nerve guide conduits (NGCs) were fabricated using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
      (PLGA) and Pluronic F127 by a modified immersion precipitation method. The inner
      surface of the tube had nano-size pores ( approximately 50nm) which can
      effectively prevent from fibrous tissue infiltration but permeate nutrients and
      retain neurotrophic factors, while the outer surface had micro-size pores (
      approximately 50microm) which can allow vascular ingrowth for effective supply of
      nutrients into the tube. From the animal study using a rat model, the
      hydrophilized PLGA/F127 (3wt%) tube showed better nerve regeneration behavior
      than the control silicone or hydrophobic PLGA tubes, as investigated by
      immunohistochemical observation (by fluorescent microscopy with anti
      neurofilament staining), histological observations (by light microscopy with
      toluidine blue staining and transmission electron microscopy), and
      electrophysiological evaluation (by compound muscle action potential
      measurement). This is probably owing to the effective permeation of nutrients and
      prevention of fibrous scar tissue invasion as well as the good mechanical
      strength of the tube to maintain a stable support structure for the nerve
      regeneration.

PMID- 18155136
TI  - Engineering of an elastic large muscular vessel wall with pulsatile stimulation
      in bioreactor.
AB  - Tissue engineering offers a new approach for the construction of vascular
      substitutes in vitro with proper mechanical properties. Although success has been
      made in the engineering of small blood vessels (<6mm in diameter), it remains a
      challenge to engineer large vessels (>6mm in diameter) due to their insufficient
      biomechanical property. In the current study, an elastic large vessel wall (6mm
      in diameter) was engineered by loading a polyglycolic acid (PGA) unwoven fiber
      scaffold seeded with smooth muscle cells (SMCs) on a vessel reactor designed with
      dynamic culture conditions. SMCs were isolated from canine carotid artery and
      expanded before seeding on a PGA fiber mesh. The cell-seeded PGA mesh was then
      loaded on a vessel reactor and subjected to pulsatile stimuli. Grossly, an
      elastic vessel wall was formed after 8 weeks of dynamic engineering. Histological
      examination showed well-orientated smooth muscle cells and collagenous fibers in
      the group with dynamic culture. In addition, the phenotype of SMCs was confirmed
      by positive staining of smooth muscle alpha-actin and calponin. On the contrary,
      disorganized smooth muscle cells and collagenous fibers were observed in the
      group under static culture without stimuli. Furthermore, the engineered vessels
      under dynamic culture exhibited significant improvements on biomechanical
      property over the one from static culture. Our results indicate that the approach
      developed in the current work is efficient for large vessel engineering. This
      approach may also be suitable for the engineering of other tissues with muscular
      tubular structure.

PMID- 18155137
TI  - Biologically active core/shell nanoparticles self-assembled from cholesterol
      terminated PEG-TAT for drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier.
AB  - Biologically active polymer core/shell nanoparticles (i.e. micelles) self
      assembled from TAT-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-b-cholesterol (TAT-PEG-b-Chol)
      were fabricated and used as carrier for targeted blood-brain barrier delivery of
      antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin as a model antibiotic was efficiently loaded into the
      nanoparticles by a membrane dialysis method. The actual loading level of
      ciprofloxacin was dependent on initial loading of ciprofloxacin and fabrication
      temperature. The blank and ciprofloxacin-loaded nanoparticles were characterized
      using dynamic light scattering and SEM. The nanoparticles were spherical in
      nature, having an average size lower than 200 nm. The uptake of nanoparticles
      with TAT by human brain endothelial cells was greater than that of the
      nanoparticles without TAT. Most importantly, the nanoparticles with TAT were able
      to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and located around the cell nucleus of
      neurons. These nanoparticles may provide a promising carrier to deliver
      antibiotics across the BBB for the treatment of brain infection.

PMID- 18155138
TI  - In vivo imaging of gene transfer to the respiratory tract.
AB  - Imaging of in vivo gene expression using luciferase expression in various organs
      has been used for several years. In contrast to other organs, in vivo imaging of
      the lung, particularly after non-viral gene transfer has not been extensively
      studied. The aim of this study was to address several questions: (1) Does in vivo
      light emission correlate with standard tissue homogenate-based luciferase
      detection in a dose-dependent manner? Recombinant Sendai virus (SeV) transduces
      airway epithelial cells very efficiently and was used to address this question,
      (2) Is the sensitivity of the assay sufficient to detect non-viral gene transfer?
      We treated mice with SeV-Lux vector using our standard "sniffing" protocol, a
      method that predominantly results in lung deposition. Dose-related in vivo light
      emission was visible in all animals. Importantly, there was a significant
      correlation (r>0.90, p<0.0001) between the in vivo and ex vivo assays in both the
      left and right lung. We next transfected the nasal epithelium via nasal perfusion
      or the lungs ("sniffing") of mice with a luciferase plasmid (pCIKLux) complexed
      to the cationic lipid GL67 (n=25-27/group) and imaged luciferase expression in
      vivo 24h after transfection. Gene expression was detectable in both organs.
      Correlation between the in vivo and ex vivo assays was significant (r=0.52,
      p<0.005) in the left, but not the right lung. The correlation in the nose was
      weaker (r=0.45, p<0.05). To our knowledge these studies show for the first time
      that this non-invasive method of assessing pulmonary gene transfer is viable for
      evaluating non-viral gene transfer agents.

PMID- 18155139
TI  - Scaffolds from electrospun polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers: fabrication,
      characterization, bioabsorption and tissue response.
AB  - Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymers of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-5mol%-(R)
      3-hydroxyhexanoate], poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-7mol%-4-hydroxybutyrate] and
      poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-97mol%-4-hydroxybutyrate] were electrospun to
      fabricate scaffolds with enhanced biocompatibility and bioabsorption.
      Subcutaneous implantation of the fibers in rats was performed to investigate
      their bioabsorption behavior and tissue response. The fibers before and after the
      in vivo experiments were characterized using gel permeation chromatography,
      scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and tensile test. Histological
      evaluation was also performed to determine the tissue response. The structures
      and properties of the electrospun PHA copolymers were compared with those of the
      electrospun poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate]. The content and type of the second
      monomer and the diameter of fiber significantly influence the bioabsorption. The
      tissue response was found to improve with the high content of 4-hydroxybutyrate.

PMID- 18155140
TI  - Sensitivity to implant materials in patients with total knee arthroplasties.
AB  - Materials used for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), may elicit an immune response
      whose role in the outcome of the arthroplasty is still unclear. The aim of this
      study was to evaluate the frequency of sensitization in patients who had
      undergone TKA, and the clinical impact of this event on the outcome of the
      implant. Ninety-four subjects were recruited, including 20 patients who had not
      yet undergone arthroplasty, 27 individuals who had a well-functioning TKA, and 47
      patients with loosening of TKA components. Sensitization was detected by using
      patch testing including haptens representative of cobalt-based alloys (CoCrMo),
      titanium-based alloys (TiAlV), and bone cements. The frequency of positive skin
      reactions to metals increased significantly after TKA, either stable or loosened
      (No Implant 20%; Stable TKA 48.1%, p=0.05; Loosened TKA 59.6%, p=0.001,
      respectively). We found a higher frequency of positive patch testing to vanadium
      in patients who had a Stable TKA with at least one TiAlV component (39.1%,
      p=0.01). The medical history for metal allergy seems to be a risk factor, because
      the TKA failure was fourfold more likely in patients who had symptoms of metal
      hypersensitivity before TKA. The prognostic value was supported by survival
      analysis, because in these individuals the outcome of the implant was negatively
      influenced (the logrank test Chi square 5.1, p=0.02). This study confirms that in
      patients with a TKA the frequency of positive patch testing is higher than in the
      normal population, although no predictive value is attributable to the
      sensitization because patch testing was not able to discriminate between stable
      and loose implants. On the contrary, the presence of symptoms of metal allergy
      before implantation should be taken into account as a potential risk factor for
      TKA failure.

PMID- 18155141
TI  - Sources for comparative studies of placentation. II. Genomic resources.
AB  - The genomes of over a dozen placental mammal species are now publicly available.
      These genome sequences have the potential to provide insight into the development
      and evolution of the placenta. In particular, the variable anatomy of the
      placenta has likely been affected by natural selection on the genomes of living
      and extinct mammals. In this note the current availability of mammal genome
      sequences is reviewed, and strengths and limitations of these data are discussed.
      Additionally, museums, zoos, and commercial entities are available to provide
      genomic resources to the placental research community. Recommendations for tissue
      storage conditions of placentas in genomic research are given.

PMID- 18155142
TI  - Effects of oxygen on cell turnover and expression of regulators of apoptosis in
      human placental trophoblast.
AB  - Pre-eclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are associated with
      aberrant cell turnover, including increased apoptosis, in placental villous
      trophoblast. The increased apoptosis is associated with exaggerated expression of
      p53, which promotes cell cycle arrest or apoptosis via downstream proteins such
      as p21 or Bax. These changes in apoptosis and p53 expression are purported to
      result from exposure to altered oxygen tension. Using a model of villous
      trophoblast turnover, we examined the effect of 20%, 6% and 1% ambient oxygen
      (O(2)) on apoptosis, necrosis, proliferation and expression of p53 and related
      regulators of cell turnover, compared to both fresh tissue. Altered O(2) tension
      exerted an effect on cell turnover in cultured term villous tissue:
      cytotrophoblast proliferation was increased by culture in 20% O(2) and reduced in
      1% O(2) (median proliferative index: fresh tissue=0.32%, 20% O(2)=0.9%, 6%
      O(2)=0.28%, 1% O(2)=0.07%). Apoptosis was increased in all culture environments,
      but was significantly enhanced by culture in 1% O(2) (median apoptotic index:
      fresh tissue=0.64%, 20% O(2)=2.96%, 6% O(2)=3.81%, 1% O(2)=9.2%). Necrotic cell
      death was also increased by culture in 1% O(2) compared to 6% and 20% O(2). The
      expression of p53, p21 and Mdm2 in both cytotrophoblast and stromal cells was
      increased following culture in 1% O(2). There was no alteration in the expression
      of Bax or Bcl-2. This study provides evidence that p53 is elevated in trophoblast
      following exposure to hypoxia. The potential role of the p53-pathway in the
      control of cell turnover in villous trophoblast and the regulation of p53 by
      altered O(2) tension merits further investigation.

PMID- 18155143
TI  - Lymphatic vessel dynamics in the uterine wall.
AB  - During pregnancy, maternal uterine blood vessels undergo dramatic vascular
      remodeling. However, until now, little was known about whether the lymphatic
      circulation experiences similar changes and whether these vessels interact with
      placental cells that invade maternal tissue. Recent studies demonstrate that
      lymphatic vessels in the uterine wall are highly compartmentalized where their
      presence is mostly restricted to the deeper layers. In humans, this arrangement
      changes during pregnancy when extensive lymphangiogenesis occurs at the maternal
      fetal interface. Placental cytotrophoblasts stimulate lymphatic growth in vivo
      and in vitro suggesting that they play a role in triggering pregnancy-induced
      decidual lymphangiogenesis. These data indicate that lymphatic vessels may have
      important functions at the implantation site during pregnancy.

PMID- 18155145
TI  - Effects of acute gamma irradiation on Folsomia candida (Collembola) in a standard
      test.
AB  - An understanding of the effects of ionizing radiation on non-human biota is
      required by the International Commission on Radiological Protection for the
      radiological protection of the environment. We examined dose-effect relationships
      for gamma radiation on survival, growth, and reproduction in the soil
      invertebrate Folsomia candida (Collembola) in a standard laboratory test. F.
      candida were acutely irradiated at increasing doses of gamma radiation, and
      subsequent survival, growth in body length, and number of neonates produced by
      irradiated specimens were examined. The 50% lethal dose was at 1356 Gy, and the
      10% and 50% effective doses (ED10 and ED50) for growth were at 32 and 144 Gy,
      respectively. The ED10 and ED50 values for reproduction were at 7.1 and 21.9 Gy,
      respectively. These data establish important baselines for the radiological
      protection of terrestrial ecosystems based on scientific principles.

PMID- 18155146
TI  - Evaluating Microtox as a tool for biodegradability assessment of partially
      treated solutions of pesticides using Fe3+ and TiO2 solar photo-assisted
      processes.
AB  - To shorten phototreatment time is of major concern for the cost and energy
      benefits of the xenobiotics degradation performed by photocatalytic processes.
      Using photo-Fenton and TiO(2) phototreatments, partially photodegraded solutions
      of 6 separate pesticides (alachlor, atrazine, chlorfenvinphos, diuron,
      isoproturon and pentachlorophenol) were tested for biocompatibility, which was
      evaluated according to the Zahn-Wellens procedure. This study investigated if
      Microtox could be considered as a suitable global indicator capable of giving
      information on the evolution of biocompatibility of the water solution
      contaminated with organic pollutants during the phototreatment in order to
      promote biotreatment. The obtained results demonstrated that biodegradability
      increased significantly after short photo-Fenton treatment times for alachlor,
      diuron and pentachlorophenol. Uncertain results were obtained with atrazine and
      isoproturon. Microtox acute toxicity testing was shown to correctly represent
      dynamics and efficiency of phototreatment.

PMID- 18155144
TI  - Recognition of facial emotions among maltreated children with high rates of post
      traumatic stress disorder.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine processing of facial emotions
      in a sample of maltreated children showing high rates of post-traumatic stress
      disorder (PTSD). Maltreatment during childhood has been associated independently
      with both atypical processing of emotion and the development of PTSD. However,
      research has provided little evidence indicating how high rates of PTSD might
      relate to maltreated children's processing of emotions. METHOD: Participants'
      reaction time and labeling of emotions were measured using a morphed facial
      emotion identification task. Participants included a diverse sample of maltreated
      children with and without PTSD and controls ranging in age from 8 to 15 years.
      Maltreated children had been removed from their homes and placed in state custody
      following experiences of maltreatment. Diagnoses of PTSD and other disorders were
      determined through combination of parent, child, and teacher reports. RESULTS:
      Maltreated children displayed faster reaction times than controls when labeling
      emotional facial expressions, and this result was most pronounced for fearful
      faces. Relative to children who were not maltreated, maltreated children both
      with and without PTSD showed enhanced response times when identifying fearful
      faces. There was no group difference in labeling of emotions when identifying
      different facial emotions. CONCLUSIONS: Maltreated children show heightened
      ability to identify fearful faces, evidenced by faster reaction times relative to
      controls. This association between maltreatment and atypical processing of
      emotion is independent of PTSD diagnosis.

PMID- 18155147
TI  - Diacetone alcohol, a dispersant solvent, contributes to acute toxicity of a
      fipronil-based insecticide in a passerine bird.
AB  - Fipronil, a phenyl pyrazole pesticide, is aerially applied in eastern Australia
      to control locust outbreaks, usually as "Adonis 3UL Insecticide" (BASF), an ultra
      low (UL) volume formulation containing 0.3% active pesticide. We tested the
      toxicities of technical-grade fipronil, the Adonis 3UL formulation and its
      components in zebra finch, a native bird at risk of exposure in locust control
      regions. We estimated oral-dose LD50 by the Up-and-Down method. Under laboratory
      conditions, we identified unexpectedly high toxicities due exclusively to
      diacetone alcohol (DAA), a solvent making up 12.5% of the Adonis 3UL formulation.
      In contrast, finches were asymptomatic when exposed to 0.3% technical grade
      fipronil dissolved in a minimum amount of acetone. Depending upon the behaviour
      and persistence of DAA under field conditions, this formulation of Adonis 3UL may
      pose a far greater threat to the health of small birds and possibly other
      vertebrates than expected for fipronil alone.

PMID- 18155148
TI  - [Isolated infarct of the corpus callosum: a misleading appearance].
AB  - We report here the case of an isolated corpus callosum infarct in a 48-year-old
      woman. Characteristics of this unusual condition are illustrated by multiple
      imaging modalities on follow-up. We discuss the pathophysiology of this rare
      entity and the more important differential diagnoses.

PMID- 18155149
TI  - [Microbleeds in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura].

PMID- 18155150
TI  - Levels and trends of persistent organic pollutants in ringed seals (Phoca
      hispida) from Central West Greenland, with particular focus on polybrominated
      diphenyl ethers (PBDEs).
AB  - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and the organochlorine compounds
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDTs, HCB, chlordane-related pesticides, HCH
      and toxaphene were analysed in blubber of juvenile ringed seals from Central West
      Greenland collected between 1982 and 2006. The longest time series could be
      established for PBDEs, partly based on archived material, while PCBs and DDTs
      covered a study period from 1994-2006. All organochlorines showed decreasing
      trends, most pronounced for DDT and HCH with an annual change of 8%. BDE-47 had a
      significantly increasing trend of 5% annually. It was the only BDE congener
      consistently above the detection limit, with annual median concentrations between
      0.78 ng/g lw to 3.54 ng/g lw, i.e. about 10 times lower than values from East
      Greenland observed in a similar time trend study on ringed seal blubber [Riget F,
      Vorkamp K, Dietz R, Rastogi SC. Temporal trend studies on polybrominated diphenyl
      ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in ringed seals from East
      Greenland. J Environ Monit 2006; 8: 1000-5]. A clear East>West difference was
      also found for PCBs and DDTs, but not for chlordanes, toxaphene or HCHs. Sigma 10
      PCB, Sigma DDT and Sigma Chlordanes had similar annual median concentrations,
      typically exceeding SigmaPBDE by two orders of magnitude. The concentrations of
      HCH and toxaphene were in an intermediate group, with highest annual median
      concentrations of 135 ng/g lw and 20 ng/g lw, respectively. For most compound
      groups, the circumpolar trend previously established under for example the Arctic
      Monitoring and Assessment Programme was confirmed, but apparently, more data are
      needed for chlordane-related compounds and toxaphene. Statistical analyses of the
      compound patterns in the ringed seal samples revealed significantly greater
      differences between seals from East and West than between different sampling
      years. Higher proportions of PCBs and DDTs and lower proportions of chlordanes
      and HCHs were found in seals from East Greenland than in those from West
      Greenland. Based on principal component analysis of individual congener and
      compounds, seals from East Greenland were found to contain higher proportions of
      the higher chlorinated CB congeners. Varying patterns between sampling locations
      may be caused by different exposure situations related to contaminant emissions
      and transport, but different feeding habits may also affect the contaminant
      composition.

PMID- 18155151
TI  - Human and crab exposure to mercury in the Caribbean coastal shoreline of
      Colombia: impact from an abandoned chlor-alkali plant.
AB  - Human hair samples from male and female people aged 6-85 years, as well as muscle
      of crabs (Callinectes sapidus and Callinectes bocourti) were collected from
      different fishing places along the Caribbean coastal shoreline of Colombia and
      analyzed for total mercury (T-Hg) in order to establish the impact of mercury
      polluted sediments in Cartagena bay on the ecosystem. Hair T-Hg in inhabitants
      varied between 0.1 and 21.8 microg/g, with average and median of 1.52 microg/g
      and 1.1 microg/g, respectively. Differences between sampling locations were
      significant (P<0.01) and median values decreased in the order: Cano del Oro (1.5
      microg/g)<Bocachica (1.4 microg/g) (both located in Cartagena Bay)<Covenas (1.2
      microg/g)<Lomarena (0.7 microg/g)=Tasajera (0.7 microg/g). A similar trend was
      observed for T-Hg in muscle of crabs, however, along Cartagena bay, T-Hg
      distribution in these organisms varied widely, with highest values detected in
      samples collected in front of the extinct chlor-alkali plant. Although the T-Hg
      median for these people is equal to the threshold risk level recommended by U.S.
      EPA, this study highlights the fact that contaminated sediments are still driving
      the distribution of mercury through the food chain, allowing its accumulation in
      fishermen whose diet includes marine products as sources of protein.

PMID- 18155152
TI  - Loss of iron-sulfur clusters from biotin synthase as a result of catalysis
      promotes unfolding and degradation.
AB  - Biotin synthase (BioB) is an S-adenosylmethionine radical enzyme that catalyzes
      addition of sulfur to dethiobiotin to form the biotin thiophane ring. In vitro,
      Escherichia coli BioB is active for only one turnover, during which the [2Fe
      2S]2+ cluster is destroyed, one sulfide from the cluster is incorporated as the
      biotin thiophane sulfur, while Fe2+ ions and the remaining S2- ion are released
      from the protein. The present work examines the fate of the protein following the
      loss of the FeS clusters. We examine the quaternary structure and thermal
      stability of active and inactive states of BioB, and find that loss of either the
      [4Fe-4S]2+ or [2Fe-2S]2+ clusters results in destabilization but not global
      unfolding of BioB. Using susceptibility to limited proteolysis as a guide, we
      find that specific regions of the protein appear to be transiently unfolded
      following loss of these clusters. We also examine the in vivo degradation of
      biotin synthase during growth in low-iron minimal media and find that BioB is
      degraded by an apparent ATP-dependent proteolysis mechanism that sequentially
      cleaves small fragments starting at the C-terminus. BioB appears to be resistant
      to degradation and capable of multiple turnovers only under high-iron conditions
      that favor repair of the FeS clusters, a process most likely mediated by the Isc
      or Suf iron-sulfur cluster assembly systems.

PMID- 18155153
TI  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase: alpha-secondary kinetic
      isotope effects and kinetic and equilibrium mechanisms of substrate binding.
AB  - Beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of beta
      ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein to generate beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein
      and NADP+, the second step of the fatty acid elongation system type II of
      bacteria, plants, and apicomplexan organisms. Here, a modified and more efficient
      purification protocol is reported for recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis beta
      ketoacyl-ACP reductase (MabA). The increase in alpha-secondary deuterium kinetic
      isotope effect values measured at pH 10 as compared to those obtained at pH 7
      points to isotope- and pH-sensitive steps occurring concomitantly. Equilibrium
      and kinetic fluorescence studies demonstrate positive cooperativity in binding of
      NADPH to MabA, with two forms of free enzyme in solution. Equilibrium dialysis
      shows no cooperativity in acetoacetyl-CoA binding to the enzyme. Moreover, modest
      affinity loss occurs when the substrates bind to the monomer as compared to the
      dimer of MabA. A mechanism of substrate binding to MabA is proposed on the basis
      of the experimental data.

PMID- 18155154
TI  - Redox-coupled proton pumping in cytochrome c oxidase: further insights from
      computer simulation.
AB  - The membrane-bound enzyme cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal member in the
      respiratory chain, converts oxygen into water and generates an electrochemical
      gradient by coupling the electron transfer to proton pumping across the membrane.
      Here we have investigated the dynamics of an excess proton and the surrounding
      protein environment near the active sites. The multi-state empirical valence bond
      (MS-EVB) molecular dynamics method was used to simulate the explicit dynamics of
      proton transfer through the critically important hydrophobic channel between
      Glu242 (bovine notation) and the D-propionate of heme a3 (PRDa3) for the first
      time. The results from these molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the
      PRDa3 can indeed re-orientate and dissociate from Arg438, despite the high
      stability of such an ion pair, and has the ability to accept protons via bound
      water molecules. Any large conformational change of the adjacent heme a D
      propionate group is, however, sterically blocked directly by the protein. Free
      energy calculations of the PRDa3 side chain isomerization and the proton
      translocation between Glu242 and the PRDa3 site have also been performed. The
      results exhibit a redox state-dependent dynamical behavior and indicate that
      reduction of the low-spin heme a may initiate internal transfer of the pumped
      proton from Glu242 to the PRDa3 site.

PMID- 18155155
TI  - Transcriptional adaptation of neuroblastoma cells to hypoxia.
AB  - Low oxygen pressure (hypoxia) is a physiological condition that has been linked
      to tumor progression and increased malignancy in several cancer forms. Cells of
      the childhood neoplasm neuroblastoma respond to hypoxia by attaining a lower
      grade of differentiation, which clinically is associated with poor prognosis.
      Furthermore, expression of the hypoxia inducible factor-2alpha correlates to poor
      outcome in neuroblastoma patients. In this report we have by microarray analysis
      studied transcriptional changes in seven neuroblastoma cell lines subjected to
      long term hypoxia. We find the gene regulatory response to be highly dependent on
      cell line background, however, a set of genes was coherently regulated by hypoxia
      and these genes are correlated to known hypoxia-induced transcriptional profiles.

PMID- 18155156
TI  - The effect of aquaporin 5 overexpression on the Ras signaling pathway.
AB  - Human aquaporin 5 (AQP5) has been shown to be overexpressed in multiple cancers,
      such as pancreatic cancer and colon cancer. Furthermore, it has been reported
      that ectopic expression of AQP5 leads to many phenotypic changes characteristic
      of transformation. However, the biochemical mechanism leading to transformation
      in AQP5-overexpressing cells has not been clearly elucidated. In this report, the
      overexpression of AQP5 in NIH3T3 cells demonstrated a significant effect on Ras
      activity and, thus, cell proliferation. Furthermore, this influence was shown to
      be mediated by phosphorylation of the PKA consensus site of AQP5. This is the
      first evidence demonstrating an association between AQP5 and a signaling pathway,
      namely the Ras signal transduction pathway, which may be the basis of the
      oncogenic properties seen in AQP-overexpressing cells.

PMID- 18155157
TI  - Telomere length inversely correlates with radiosensitivity in human carcinoma
      cells with the same tissue background.
AB  - A relationship between telomeres and radiosensitivity has been established by
      several studies based on non-mammalian model systems, mouse models, and few human
      genetic diseases. However, the relationship has not been proven in human
      carcinoma cells, which have more clinical significance than these other models.
      The present study aims to determine whether telomere length is related to
      radiosensitivity in human carcinoma cells, and to examine the influence of tissue
      or genetic background. Two HEp-2 larynx squamous carcinoma cell lines, eight
      hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, and five breast cancer cell lines were used.
      Telomere length was determined by terminal restriction fragment (TRF) Southern
      blot analysis and cell survival was measured by a colony-forming assay. Our
      results indicated that there was a significant negative correlation of telomere
      length and radiosensitivity in the same tissue-derived cell lines, with or
      without the same genetic background. Thus, telomere length may be used as a
      promising tool to predict the radiosensitivity of human carcinomas.

PMID- 18155158
TI  - Regulation of the murine TR2/HVEM gene expression by IRF.
AB  - TR2 (TNFR-related 2, HVEM, or TNFRSF-14), a member of the TNFR family, is
      involved in a number of immune responses. While TR2 is expressed on the surface
      of T cells during the resting state, little is known regarding how expression of
      the TR2 gene is regulated. To understand the mechanisms regulating the expression
      of TR2 in T cells, we analyzed the 5' flanking region of TR2. We identified an
      important region for the activity of the TR2 promoter using site directed
      mutagenesis. Using EMSA analysis, we found that IRF-2 was bound to the promoter
      region of the TR2 gene during the resting state of EL-4 T cells. Transfection of
      IRF-2 expression plasmid and of dominant negative IRF-2 mutant further confirmed
      our results. Together, these data demonstrate that IRF-2 is involved in the
      regulation of TR2 expression in EL-4 T cells.

PMID- 18155159
TI  - Albumin suppresses vascular endothelial growth factor via alteration of hypoxia
      inducible factor/hypoxia-responsive element pathway.
AB  - Reduction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression plays a crucial
      role in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In order to clarify a cause of VEGF
      suppression in CKD, we examined an interaction between proteinuria and VEGF. Rat
      proximal tubular cells were subjected to hypoxia with or without albumin to mimic
      proteinuric conditions, and VEGF expression was assessed by real-time
      quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Albumin significantly
      reduced VEGF expression under hypoxia. Luciferase activity controlled by hypoxia
      responsive element (HRE) was suppressed by albumin, demonstrating suppression of
      the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)/HRE pathway. Studies utilizing a proteasome
      inhibitor and a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor showed that mechanisms of HIF/HRE
      pathway suppression by albumin load did not involve degradation of HIF protein
      levels. Further, albumin did not change HIF mRNA levels. Our data, for the first
      time, suggest a clear 'link' between proteinuria and hypoxia, the two principal
      pathogenic factors for CKD progression.

PMID- 18155160
TI  - Enrichment of corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells using cell surface
      markers, integrin alpha6 and CD71.
AB  - Corneal epithelial stem cells are believed to reside in the basal layer of the
      limbal epithelium, but no definitive cell surface markers have been identified.
      For keratinocytes, stem/progenitor cells are known to be enriched by cell surface
      markers, integrin alpha(6) and CD71, as a minor subpopulation which shows high
      integrin alpha(6) and low CD71 expressions (alpha(6)(bri)/CD71(dim)). In the
      present study, we investigated the possibility that corneal epithelial stem cells
      can be enriched by integrin alpha(6) and CD71. The alpha(6)(bri)/CD71(dim) cells
      were separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, as a minor subpopulation
      of the limbal epithelial cells. They were enriched for relatively small cells,
      showing a higher clonogenic capacity and expression of stem cell markers, but a
      lower expression of differentiation markers, compared to other cell populations.
      The cells were localized immunohistochemically in the basal region of the limbal
      epithelium. These results indicate that the alpha(6)(bri)/CD71(dim) subpopulation
      enriched corneal epithelial stem cells.

PMID- 18155161
TI  - Peptidyl-prolyl-tRNA at the ribosomal P-site reacts poorly with puromycin.
AB  - Despite remarkable recent progress in our chemical and structural understanding
      of the mechanisms of peptide bond formation by the ribosome, only very limited
      information is available about whether amino acid side chains affect the rate of
      peptide bond formation. Here, we generated a series of peptidyl-tRNAs that end
      with different tRNA-attached amino acids in the P-site of the Escherichia coli
      ribosome and compared their reactivity with puromycin, a rapidly A-site-accessing
      analog of aminoacyl-tRNAs. Among the 20 amino acids examined, proline was found
      to receive exceptionally slow peptidyl transfer to puromycin. These results raise
      a possibility that the peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome may have
      some specificity with regard to the P-site amino acids.

PMID- 18155162
TI  - The diagnostic value of the measurement of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9),
      squamous cell cancer antigen (SCC) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the sera
      of esophageal cancer patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases
      associated with tumor progression. It was proved that expression of MMP-9 in
      human esophageal cancer tissues correlated with stages of the disease. The aim of
      the present study was to determine potential clinical use of serum MMP-9 as a
      tumor marker of esophageal cancer. METHODS: The study included 89 patients with
      esophageal cancer and 30 healthy subjects (control group). We assayed serum
      levels of MMP-9 and classical tumor markers (SCC-Ag and CEA). We defined the
      prognostic value and diagnostic criteria for the measurands. RESULTS: Serum
      levels of MMP-9, CEA and SCC-Ag in esophageal cancer (EC) patients were
      statistically higher than in the control group. MMP-9 serum concentrations were
      associated with clinical stages of EC and tumor size. The diagnostic sensitivity
      of MMP-9 (70%) was higher than tumor markers and increased in combination with
      SCC-Ag (92%). The area under the ROC curve for MMP-9 (0.733) was lower than for
      SCC-Ag (0.811) and higher than for CEA (0.673). In Cox's univariate analysis
      serum MMP-9, SCC-Ag and CEA were not significant for prognosis of EC. CONCLUSION:
      The results suggest the usefulness of MMP-9 as a tumor marker in diagnosis, but
      not in prognosis of esophageal cancer.

PMID- 18155163
TI  - Heterogeneity of high-density lipoprotein in cord blood and its postnatal change.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Several subclasses of HDL are demonstrated to have different roles in
      atherosclerosis based on adult studies, but the significance of HDL heterogeneity
      in the fetus and neonate has not been clarified. It has been described that the
      cholesterol supply from apoE-rich HDL is essential for central nerve system
      neuron growth. METHODS: Sixty-five healthy, term, appropriate for gestational age
      neonates (38 males and 27 females) were included in the study. Serum lipoprotein
      analyses were performed by HPLC with gel permeation columns, which classified HDL
      into 5 subgroups (i.e., very large, large, medium, small, and very small) on the
      basis of particle size. Apolipoprotein A-I, B, and E were also determined by
      turbidimetric immunoassay. RESULTS: Cord blood has higher very large and very
      small HDL-cholesterol levels. Cord blood apolipoprotein E was not uniformly
      distributed in the HDL subclasses, with a strong association with very large HDL
      cholesterol levels (males, r=0.548, p<0.001; females, r=0.631, p<0.01). However,
      the association disappeared by 1 month of age in males; in females, the
      association remained during the neonatal period. CONCLUSIONS: These results
      suggest that HDL may play the role of a dominant cholesterol carrier in the human
      fetus, and very large HDL-cholesterol have some contribution to the
      neurodevelopment in the fetus and neonates because of the close relationship with
      apolipoprotein E levels.

PMID- 18155164
TI  - New organophosphorus compounds: cholinesterases inhibition, cytotoxicity and
      lethal dose.

PMID- 18155165
TI  - Changes in serum gamma-glutamyl transferase and blood pressure levels in subjects
      with normal blood pressure and prehypertension.

PMID- 18155166
TI  - Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1 null genotype and combined GSTM1 and GSTT1
      null genotypes are risk factors for increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase in
      valproic acid-treated patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This study was designed to verify whether the glutathione S
      transferase (GST) genotypes affect mild hepatotoxicity in valproic acid (VPA)
      treated patients. METHODS: The association between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes,
      and the levels of aminotransferases and total bilirubin was retrospectively
      investigated in 149 Japanese epileptic patients treated with VPA. RESULTS: The
      adjusted odds ratio (OR) of the GSTM1- vs. GSTM1+ genotype and the GSTM1-/GSTT1
      vs. GSTM1+/GSTT1+ genotypes for gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) increase over the
      upper limit of normal were 2.8 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-7.2] and 6.5
      (95% CI: 1.5-28.0), respectively. The GSTT1 genotypes alone did not significantly
      affect the liver function tests. The alanine aminotransferase, aspartate
      aminotransferase and (gamma-glutamyltransferase) GGT levels in patients treated
      with VPA >6 months were significantly higher in the GSTM1- than GSTM1+ genotype.
      The GGT levels were significantly higher in the older subjects receiving
      polytherapy, and the effects of the polytherapy and age were greater in the GSTM1
      genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The GSTM1- and GSTM1-/GSTT1- genotypes may be a genetic
      risk factor for the increase of GGT in VPA-treated patients. However, it was not
      possible to clarify whether the GGT increase was caused by VPA-induced
      hepatotoxicity or not.

PMID- 18155167
TI  - LPS-induced Toll-like receptor 4 signalling triggers cross-talk of apoptosis
      signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and HIF-1alpha protein.
AB  - Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is required for recognition of lipopolysaccharide
      (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria and induction of the innate immune response to
      them. Nevertheless, the involvement of some crucial pathways in TLR4 signalling
      is poorly understood. Here, we report that LPS-induced TLR4 signalling triggers
      cross talk of HIF-1alpha and ASK1 in THP-1 human myeloid monocytic leukaemia
      cells. Both pathways are activated via redox-dependent mechanism associated with
      tyrosine kinase/phospholipase C-1gamma-mediated activation of protein kinase C
      alpha/beta, which are known to activate NADPH oxidase and the production of
      reactive oxygen species that activate both HIF-1alpha and ASK1. ASK1 contributes
      to the stabilisation of HIF-1alpha, most likely via activation of p38 MAP kinase.

PMID- 18155168
TI  - Heat shock protein 90 regulates stabilization rather than activation of soluble
      guanylate cyclase.
AB  - Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) activates the heterodimeric heme protein
      soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to form cGMP. In different disease states, sGC
      levels and activity are diminished possibly involving the sGC binding chaperone,
      heat shock protein 90 (hsp90). Here we show that prolonged hsp90 inhibition in
      different cell types reduces protein levels of both sGC subunits by about half,
      an effect that was prevented by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Conversely, acute
      hsp90 inhibition affected neither basal nor NO-stimulated sGC activity. Thus,
      hsp90 is a molecular stabilizer for sGC tonically preventing proteasomal
      degradation rather than having a role in short-term activity regulation.

PMID- 18155169
TI  - Involvement of S100A6 (calcyclin) and its binding partners in intracellular
      signaling pathways.

PMID- 18155171
TI  - Different roles of SHIP1 according to the cell context: the example of blood
      platelets.

PMID- 18155170
TI  - Src family kinases and the MEK/ERK pathway in the regulation of myeloid
      differentiation and myeloid leukemogenesis.

PMID- 18155172
TI  - Emerging aspects of membrane traffic in neuronal dendrite growth.
AB  - Polarized growth of the neuron would logically require some form of membrane
      traffic to the tip of the growth cone, regulated in conjunction with other
      trafficking processes that are common to both neuronal and non-neuronal cells.
      Unlike axons, dendrites are endowed with membranous organelles of the exocytic
      pathway extending from the cell soma, including both rough and smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum (ER) and the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Dendrites also
      have satellite Golgi-like cisternal stacks known as Golgi outposts that have no
      membranous connections with the somatic Golgi. Golgi outposts presumably serve
      both general and specific local trafficking needs, and could mediate membrane
      traffic required for polarized dendritic growth during neuronal differentiation.
      Recent findings suggest that dendritic growth, but apparently not axonal growth,
      relies very much on classical exocytic traffic, and is affected by defects in
      components of both the early and late secretory pathways. Within dendrites,
      localized processes of recycling endosome-based exocytosis regulate the growth of
      dendritic spines and postsynaptic compartments. Emerging membrane traffic
      processes and components that contribute specifically to dendritic growth are
      discussed.

PMID- 18155173
TI  - DNA-DNA cross-linking mediated by bifunctional [SalenAlIII]+ complex.
AB  - The aluminum (III) complex [SalenAl(III)]Cl (1), (Salen=(R,R)-N,N'-bis[5-methyl-3
      (4-methylpiperazinyl)-salicylidene]-1,2-diphenylethanediamine) has been
      synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR
      measurements. The interaction of complex (1) with calf thymus (CT) DNA has been
      studied extensively by experimental techniques. Thermal denaturation study of DNA
      with (1) revealed the DeltaT(m) of 5+/-0.2 degrees C. Viscosity and steady-state
      fluorescence measurements showed that the complex cross-links DNA and the metal
      center is interacting with DNA during the cross-linking. Also, the phenyl ring in
      the complex may intercalate between the base pairs of the DNA during the cross
      linking. Competitive binding study shows that the enhanced emission intensity of
      ethidium bromide (EB) in the presence of DNA was quenched by the addition of the
      metal complex indicating that it displaces EB from its binding site in DNA and
      the apparent binding constant has been estimated to be (2.8+/-0.2)x10(5) M(-1).
      Further, time-resolved fluorescence experiments confirm the binding of (1) with
      DNA and its cross-linking nature. Aluminum ions shown to precipitate DNA
      completely above the pH 6.0, but no such precipitation was observed with complex
      (1). The DNA-DNA cross-linking mediated by (1) is further confirmed by gel
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 18155174
TI  - Over-expression of mammalian sialidase NEU3 reduces Newcastle disease virus entry
      and propagation in COS7 cells.
AB  - The paramyxovirus Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) binds to sialic acid-containing
      glycoconjugates, sialoglycoproteins and sialoglycolipids (gangliosides) of host
      cell plasma membrane through its hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (sialidase) HN
      glycoprotein. We hypothesized that the modifications of the cell surface
      ganglioside pattern determined by over-expression of the mammalian plasma
      membrane associated, ganglioside specific, sialidase NEU3 would affect the virus
      host cell interactions. Using COS7 cells as a model system, we observed that over
      expression of the murine MmNEU3 did not affect NDV binding but caused a marked
      reduction in NDV infection and virus propagation through cell-cell fusion.
      Moreover, since GD1a was greatly reduced in COS7 cells following NEU3-over
      expression, we added [(3)H]-labelled GD1a to COS7 cells under conditions that
      block intralysosomal metabolic processing, and we observed a marked increase of
      GD1a cleavage to GM1 during NDV infection, indicating a direct involvement of the
      virus sialidase and host cell GD1a in NDV infectivity. Therefore, the decrease of
      GD1a in COS7 cell membrane upon MmNEU3 over-expression is likely to be
      instrumental to NDV reduced infection. Evidence was also provided for the
      preferential association of NDV-HN at 4 degrees C to detergent resistant
      microdomains (DRMs) of COS7 cells plasma membranes.

PMID- 18155175
TI  - Glycated human serum albumin enhances macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta mRNA
      expression through protein kinase C-delta and NADPH oxidase in macrophage-like
      differentiated U937 cells.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In a previous report (Higai K et al., Biol Pharm Bull, 2007),
      glycated human serum albumin (Glc-HSA) was found to induce interleukin-8 (IL-8)
      mRNA expression in human monocyte-derived U937 cells through a reactive oxygen
      species (ROS)-dependent pathway; however, Glc-HSA signaling has not been
      elucidated in macrophages. METHODS: U937 cells were differentiated by treatment
      with 50 ng/mL phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 2 days and the macrophage
      like differentiated U937 (differentiated U937) cells were stimulated with Glc-HSA
      and glycolaldehyde dimer-modified HSA (GA-HSA) in the presence of various
      signaling inhibitors. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (MIP-1beta) mRNA
      expression was determined by real-time PCR. Intracellular ROS generation was
      estimated by confocal laser microscopy. RESULTS: Glc-HSA and GA-HSA markedly
      enhanced MIP-1beta mRNA expression in differentiated U937 cells. Enhanced MIP
      1beta mRNA expression was completely suppressed by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l
      cysteine, the NADPH oxidase inhibitors diphenylene iodonium and apocynin, and the
      protein kinase C (PKC)-delta inhibitor rottlerin. Furthermore, ROS generation was
      suppressed completely by rottlerin but not by the PKC-gamma inhibitor Ro318425 or
      the PKC-alpha, -beta1 and -micro inhibitor Go6976. CONCLUSION: Glc-HSA and GA-HSA
      enhance MIP-1beta mRNA expression in differentiated U937 cells through PKC-delta
      dependent activation of NADPH oxidase.

PMID- 18155176
TI  - 2-Deoxyglucose combined with wild-type p53 overexpression enhances cytotoxicity
      in human prostate cancer cells via oxidative stress.
AB  - Overexpression of the tumor suppressor gene, wild-type p53 (wtp53), using
      adenoviral vectors (Adp53) has been suggested to kill cancer cells by
      hydroperoxide-mediated oxidative stress [1,2] and nutrient distress induced by
      the glucose analog, 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), has been suggested to enhance tumor
      cell killing by agents that induce oxidative stress via disrupting hydroperoxide
      metabolism [3,4]. In the current study clonogenic cell killing of PC-3 and DU-145
      human prostate cancer cells (lacking functional p53) mediated by 4 h exposure to
      50 plaque forming units (pfus)/cell of Adp53 (that caused the enforced
      overexpression of wtp53) was significantly enhanced by treatment with 2DG.
      Accumulation of glutathione disulfide was found to be significantly greater in
      both cell lines treated with 2DG+Adp53 and both cell lines treated with 2DG+Adp53
      showed a approximately 2-fold increases in dihydroethidine (DHE) and 5-(and-6)
      carboxy-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CDCFH(2)) oxidation,
      indicative of increased steady-state levels of O(2)(.-) and hydroperoxides,
      respectively. Finally, overexpression of catalase or glutathione peroxidase using
      adenoviral vectors partially, but significantly, protected DU-145 cells from the
      toxicity induced by 2DG+Adp53 treatment. These results show that treatment of
      human prostate cancer cells with the combination of 2DG (a nutrient stress) and
      overexpression of the tumor suppressor gene, wtp53, enhances clonogenic cell
      killing by a mechanism that involves oxidative stress as well as allowing for the
      speculation that inhibitors of glucose and hydroperoxide metabolism can be used
      in combination with Adp53 gene therapy to enhance therapeutic responses.

PMID- 18155178
TI  - Iodination of salicylic acid improves its binding to transthyretin.
AB  - Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma homotetrameric protein associated with senile
      systemic amyloidosis and familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. In theses cases,
      TTR dissociation and misfolding induces the formation of amyloidogenic
      intermediates that assemble into toxic oligomeric species and lead to the
      formation of fibrils present in amyloid deposits. The four TTR monomers associate
      around a central hydrophobic channel where two thyroxine molecules can bind
      simultaneously. In each thyroxine binding site there are three pairs of symmetry
      related halogen binding pockets which can accommodate the four iodine
      substituents of thyroxine. A number of structurally diverse small molecules that
      bind to the TTR channel increasing the protein stability and thereafter
      inhibiting amyloid fibrillogenesis have been tested. In order to take advantage
      of the high propensity to interactions between iodine substituents and the TTR
      channel we have identified two iodinated derivatives of salicylic acid, 5
      iodosalicylic acid and 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid, available commercially. We
      report in this paper the relative binding affinities of salicylic acid and the
      two iodinated derivatives and the crystal structure of TTR complexed with 3,5
      diiodosalicylic acid, to elucidate the higher binding affinity of this compound
      towards TTR.

PMID- 18155177
TI  - Cytochrome c-mediated oxidation of hydroethidine and mito-hydroethidine in
      mitochondria: identification of homo- and heterodimers.
AB  - Here we report that ferricytochrome c (cyt c(3+)) induces oxidation of
      hydroethidine (HE) and mitochondria-targeted hydroethidine (Mito-HE or MitoSOX
      Red) forming highly characteristic homo- and heterodimeric products. Using an
      HPLC-electrochemical (EC) method, several products were detected from cyt c(3+)
      catalyzed oxidation of HE and Mito-HE and characterized by mass spectrometry and
      NMR techniques as follows: homodimers (HE-HE, E(+)-E(+), Mito-HE-Mito-HE, and
      Mito-E(+)-Mito-E(+)) and heterodimers (HE-E(+) and Mito-HE-Mito-E(+)), as well as
      the monomeric ethidium (E(+)) and mito-ethidium (Mito-E(+)). Similar products
      were detected when HE and Mito-HE were incubated with mitochondria. In contrast,
      mitochondria depleted of cyt c(3+) were much less effective in oxidizing HE or
      Mito-HE to corresponding dimeric products. Unlike E(+) or Mito-E(+), the dimeric
      analogs (E(+)-E(+) and Mito-E(+)-Mito-E(+)) were not fluorescent. Superoxide
      (O(2)(*-)) or Fremy's salt reacts with Mito-HE to form a product, 2-hydroxy-mito
      ethidium (2-OH-Mito-E(+)) that was detected by HPLC. We conclude that HPLC-EC but
      not the confocal and fluorescence microscopy is a viable technique for measuring
      superoxide and cyt c(3+)-dependent oxidation products of HE and Mito-HE in cells.
      Superoxide detection using HE and Mito-HE could be severely compromised due to
      their propensity to undergo oxidation.

PMID- 18155179
TI  - On the relationship between flanker interference and localized attentional
      interference.
AB  - The flanker interference (FI) effect suggests that visual attention operates like
      a mental spotlight, enhancing all stimuli within a selected region. In contrast,
      other data suggest difficulty dividing attention between objects near one another
      in the visual field, an effect termed localized attentional interference (LAI).
      The present experiment examined the relationship between these phenomena.
      Observers made speeded identity judgments of a colored target letter embedded
      among gray fillers. A response-compatible or -incompatible flanker of a non
      target color appeared at varying distances from the target. Data gave evidence of
      LAI and spatially-graded FI, with mean RTs and flanker effects both decreasing
      with target-flanker separation. Both effects were reduced when target location
      was pre-cued and when the target was of higher salience than the flanker. Results
      suggest that the distribution of spatial attention modulates the strength of
      objects competing for selection, with this competition underlying both the FI and
      LAI effects.

PMID- 18155180
TI  - Retention of mosquito larvicidal activity of lyophilized cells and WDP
      formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on long-term storage.
AB  - Lyophilized cells (sealed and unsealed) and water dispersible powders (WDPs) of
      two indigenous isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis were stored at 
      10, 4, 30 and 40 degrees C for up to 4 years and checked for activity.
      Lyophilized cells stored in sealed condition at -10, 4 and 30 degrees C and WDPs
      stored at -10 and 4 degrees C were found to maintain the activity fairly well.
      The lyophilized cells stored at 30 degrees C and WDPs stored at 4 degrees C
      maintained their larvicidal property for up to 20 years. Hence, lyophilization
      and WDP formulations are reliable methods for long-term storage of B. t. var.
      israelensis.

PMID- 18155181
TI  - Gene polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9 and -12 in periodontal
      health and severe chronic periodontitis.
AB  - AIM: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in periodontal tissue
      remodeling and degradation. MMP polymorphisms could alter transcription and
      function of these enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate MMP-2, MMP-9
      and MMP-12 gene polymorphisms in relation to susceptibility to severe chronic
      periodontitis (CP). METHODS: Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood of 87
      severe CP patients and 107 periodontally healthy subjects. MMP-2 -735C/T, MMP-9 
      1562C/T and MMP -12357Asn/Ser gene polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase
      chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Probing depth,
      clinical attachment loss, supragingival plaque accumulation and bleeding on
      probing were recorded. The data were analyzed by chi-square, logistic regression
      and Mann-Whitney-U-tests. RESULTS: The genotype distributions and allele
      frequencies of MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-12 genes were similar in CP and healthy
      subjects (p>0.05). Differences between rare allele carriage rates of CP and
      healthy groups regarding MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-12 gene polymorphisms were not
      significant (p>0.05). However, T allele carriers of MMP-9 -1562 gene had less
      risk for CP (OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.16-0.81). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that MMP
      2 -735C/T, MMP-9 -1562C/T and MMP-12 357Asn/Ser polymorphisms are not associated
      with susceptibility to severe CP in Turkish population. However, T allele of MMP
      9 -1562 gene might be associated with decreased susceptibility to severe CP.

PMID- 18155182
TI  - Correlation between salivary IL-1beta levels and periodontal clinical status.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the concentration of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta
      in saliva of periodontally diseased and healthy patients and their relationship
      with the periodontal status. DESIGN: Unstimulated whole saliva samples from
      patients with chronic periodontitis (n=30), aggressive periodontitis (n=18) and
      healthy controls (n=18) were obtained for the study. The periodontal status of
      each subject was assessed by criteria based on probing depth, clinical attachment
      loss and the extent/severity of periodontal breakdown. The levels of IL-1beta
      were measured in saliva samples with a high sensitivity enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Although no significant difference
      (P=0.624) was found for salivary IL-1beta levels between periodontitis groups,
      they were significantly greater (P<0.01) than those detected for healthy
      controls. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis showed statistically
      significant correlations (P<0.01) between data from salivary IL-1beta levels and
      clinical measurements. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study reemphasize
      the importance of whole saliva as sampling method in terms of immunological
      purposes in periodontal disease and suggest that the elevated IL-1beta
      concentration may be one of the host-response components associated to the
      clinical manifestations of periodontal disease.

PMID- 18155184
TI  - Development of inhibitory synaptic transmission to the superior salivatory
      nucleus in rats.
AB  - The primary parasympathetic center of the submandibular and sublingual salivary
      glands is the superior salivatory (SS) nucleus, neurons of which receive
      excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic and glycinergic) synaptic
      transmissions in rats. In the present study, to examine postnatal neural
      development, we focused on inhibitory transmission to the SS neurons in neonatal
      rats from postnatal day 2 (P2) to P14. Conventional and gramicidin-perforated
      whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were applied to the neurons in brainstem
      slices. The decay time constants of GABAergic and glycinergic postsynaptic
      currents (PSCs) consisted of fast (tau(fast)) and slow (tau(slow)) components.
      Both tau(fast) and tau(slow) of PSC components tended to become faster with
      development. The equilibrium potential of Cl(-) (E(Cl-)) was estimated from the
      reversal potentials of total PSCs (GABAergic plus glycinergic). The E(Cl-) in the
      P8-P14 group was significantly more negative than E(Cl-) in the P2-P7 group.
      Exogenous GABA application at the resting potentials produced depolarization in
      83% of SS neurons at P2-P7 and accompanied the action potential in some neurons.
      In contrast, at P8-P14, GABA evoked hyperpolarization in 78% of SS neurons;
      therefore, SS neurons did not acquire mature inhibitory systems until P14. The
      development of SS neurons is discussed as compared with the development of
      peripheral salivary gland tissue and brainstem neurons that participate in oral
      motor and sensory functions.

PMID- 18155183
TI  - The rostral anterior cingulate cortex modulates the efficiency of amygdala
      dependent fear learning.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and the amygdala
      consistently emerge from neuroimaging studies as brain regions crucially involved
      in normal and abnormal fear processing. To date, however, the role of the rACC
      specifically during the acquisition of auditory fear conditioning still remains
      unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate a possible top-down control of a
      specific rACC sub-region over amygdala activation during pavlovian fear
      acquisition. METHODS: We performed excitotoxic lesions, temporal inactivation,
      and activation of a specific sub-region of the rACC that we identified by tracing
      studies as supporting most of the connectivity with the basolateral amygdala
      (r(Amy)-ACC). The effects of these manipulations over amygdala function were
      investigated with a classical tone-shock associative fear conditioning paradigm
      in the rat. RESULTS: Excitotoxic lesions and transient inactivation of the r(Amy)
      ACC pre-training selectively produced deficits in the acquisition of the tone
      shock associative learning (but not context). This effect was specific for the
      acquisition phase. However, the deficit was found to be transient and could be
      overcome by overtraining. Conversely, pre-training transient activation of the
      r(Amy)-ACC facilitated associative learning and increased fear expression.
      CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a subregion of the rACC is key to gating
      the efficiency of amygdala-dependent auditory fear conditioning learning. Because
      r(Amy)-ACC inputs were confirmed to be glutamatergic, we propose that recruitment
      of this brain area might modulate overall basolateral amygdala excitatory tone
      during conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus concomitant processing. In the
      light of clinical research, our results provide new insight on the effect of
      inappropriate rACC recruitment during emotional events.

PMID- 18155185
TI  - Effects of early binocular enucleation on auditory and somatosensory coding in
      the superior colliculus of the rat.
AB  - The present study aimed at investigating the effects of early visual deprivation
      (bilateral neonatal enucleation) on auditory and somatosensory coding in the
      polysensory deep layers of the superior colliculus of the rat. The proportion of
      cells responding to auditory and somatosensory stimulation and the receptive
      field properties of single neurons were assessed in both normal and enucleated
      rats. As expected, in enucleated rats there was a drastic increase in the number
      of unresponsive units and visual responses could no longer be evoked. Most
      importantly, the proportion of cells that responded to auditory stimulation was
      drastically reduced. However, the few cells that remained responsive to auditory
      stimulation were well tuned to noise stimuli presented in both azimuth and
      elevation, principally in the contralateral hemifield. Enucleation also increased
      the proportion of cells responding to somatosensory stimulation, particularly to
      the vibrissae. Implications in terms of neural plasticity and functionality are
      discussed.

PMID- 18155186
TI  - Direct determination of selenium in rat blood plasma by Zeeman atomic absorption
      spectrometry.
AB  - The method was developed to be applied for direct determination of selenium in
      rat plasma by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman
      background correction. Blood was obtained from CD rats of both sexes 2h after
      dosing in weeks 7 and 13 in order to acquire data on the levels of selenium in
      these animals during 13-week gavage administration of l-seleno
      methylselenocysteine (SeMC), a new candidate chemopreventive agent under
      development. Application of the commonly used method of standard addition was
      found to be unsuitable to calculate the selenium content in rat plasma (within
      run and between-run accuracy and precision parameters were less than 85%).
      Therefore, a new analytical method was developed. In this method, samples of rat
      plasma (50 microL) were diluted 10-fold with a reducing agent containing l
      ascorbic acid, a modifier solution containing palladium chloride and Triton X
      100. Samples were atomized in pyrolytically coated graphite tubes and peak height
      signals were measured. Selenium concentrations were determined by linear least
      squares regression analysis based on the standard curve generated in pooled rat
      blank plasma. Since selenium is normally present in plasma, a three-step approach
      was used to calculate selenium plasma levels. Initially selenium levels were
      determined based on the standard curve with selenium-spiked pool plasma. In the
      second step, background selenium levels in the pooled plasma were determined
      based on the same standard curve. In the third step, background level was added
      to the previously derived number. The relative errors were in the range from -4.6
      to 11.4% (intra-day assay) and from -0.4 to 8.8% (inter-day assay) which proved
      good accuracy. The relative standard deviations were in the range from 1.88 to
      4.70% (intra-day precision) and from 3.28 to 5.38% (inter-day precision). In rat
      plasma, the following dose-dependent selenium levels (mean+/-S.D.) in males and
      females, respectively, were observed at 13 weeks: 655.5+/-48.8 and 595.8+/-43.9
      ng/mL (control group), 927.9+/-85.3 and 859.3+/-164.3 ng/mL (0.4 mg/kg per day
      dose group), 1238.9+/-182.4 and 1169.9+/-112.6 ng/mL (0.8 mg/kg per day dose
      group), and 1476.5+/-138.1 and 1320.1+/-228.6 ng/mL (2.0mg/kg per day dose
      group). No significant sex differences in selenium plasma levels were seen in the
      SeMC-treated groups. No significant differences in selenium plasma levels were
      seen between mean plasma levels at 7 and 13 weeks. The described method is
      simple, rapid, accurate, precise and can be easily applied in other laboratories
      for a large number of samples.

PMID- 18155187
TI  - Cryopreservation of ovarian tissues temporarily suppresses the proliferation of
      granulosa cells in mouse preantral follicles.
AB  - Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue has been reported to delay the development of
      preantral follicles during in vitro culture, but the mechanism causing this
      impairment has not been brought to light. In order to elucidate the underlying
      mechanism of delayed follicular development, we evaluated the effects of
      cryopreservation on the proliferation of granulosa cells during culture of mouse
      preantral follicles, as a sufficient population of granulosa cells is critical
      for normal follicular development. Additionally the initial cell death of
      granulosa cells was estimated immediately after cryopreservation. The ovarian
      tissues obtained from 12-day-old female mice were cryopreservation by
      vitrification. The granulosa cell proliferation was evaluated by measuring the
      PCNA expression and the expression of cell cycle regulators such as cyclin D2,
      CDK4, cyclin E and CDK2 in preantral follicles isolated from fresh and
      cryopreserved ovarian tissues that were cultured for 48 h. The viability of
      granulosa cells was evaluated by measuring the proportion of necrotic areas. The
      granulosa cell proliferation of the cryopreserved preantral follicles was
      decreased significantly compared to that of the fresh controls at 0 and 24h after
      culture (P<0.05), and this was increased to the control levels after 48 h of
      culture. The expressions of cyclin D2, Cdk4, cyclin E and Cdk2 were also
      decreased in the cryopreserved ovarian tissues at 0 and 24h after culture
      (P<0.05), but they were increased to the control levels after 48 h of culture.
      The proportion of the necrotic area was significantly higher in cryopreserved
      preantral follicles compared to that of the fresh preantral follicles (P<0.05).
      This suggests that cryopreservation of ovarian tissues may delay the preantral
      follicle development by temporary suppressing the granulosa cell proliferation
      through the cell cycle regulators (cyclin D2, Cdk4, cyclin E and Cdk2) and by
      granulosa cell death immediately after warming.

PMID- 18155188
TI  - Effects of dipole polarization of water molecules on ice formation under an
      electrostatic field.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to clarify the effects of an electrostatic field on
      ice formation. Distilled water was used as the test sample and was kept in a
      special container and cooled down to a constant temperature of -30 degrees C. The
      strength of the electrostatic field used in the experiments was in the range of
      1.0 x 10(3)-1.0 x 10(5)V/m. The results indicated that the electrostatic field
      was capable of inducing nucleation in water supercooled at a relatively high
      temperature and raising the temperature of supercooling by up to 1.6 degrees C.
      The analysis indicated that dipole polarization of the water molecules by the
      electrostatic field is the primary factor in this phenomenon. Under an
      electrostatic field, water molecules have a tendency to align with the
      electrostatic field. Water molecules with dipole moments along the direction of
      the electrostatic field are the most stable, and have the maximum value for the
      Boltzmann distribution function. These properties are conducive to nucleation. A
      special method was used to determine the dependence of the phase transformation
      time on the application of an electrostatic field. It was found that the phase
      transformation time was unaffected by the application of an electrostatic field
      and only the supercooling temperature was affected.

PMID- 18155190
TI  - Loss of Fgfr2 leads to partial XY sex reversal.
AB  - In mammals, sex is determined in the bipotential embryonic gonad by a balanced
      network of gene actions which when altered causes disorders of sexual development
      (DSD, formerly known as intersex). In the XY gonad, presumptive Sertoli cells
      begin to differentiate when SRY up-regulates SOX9, which in turn activates FGF9
      and PGDS to maintain its own expression. This study identifies a new and
      essential component of FGF signaling in sex determination. Fgfr2 mutant XY mice
      on a mixed 129/C57BL6 genetic background had either normal testes, or developed
      ovotestes, with predominantly testicular tissue. However, backcrossing to C57BL6
      mice resulted in a wide range of gonadal phenotypes, from hypoplastic testes to
      ovotestes with predominantly ovarian tissue, similar to Fgf9 knockout mice. Since
      typical male-specific FGF9-binding to the coelomic epithelium was abolished in
      Fgfr2 mutant XY gonads, these results suggest that FGFR2 acts as the receptor for
      FGF9. Pgds and SOX9 remained expressed within the testicular portions of Fgfr2
      mutant ovotestes, suggesting that the Prostaglandin pathway acts independently of
      FGFR2 to maintain SOX9 expression. We could further demonstrate that double
      heterozygous Fgfr2/Sox9 knockout mice developed ovotestes, demonstrating that
      both Fgfr2 and Sox9 can act as modifier intersex genes in the heterozygous state.
      In summary, we provide evidence that FGFR2 is important for male sex
      determination in mice, thereby rendering human FGFR2 a candidate gene for
      unsolved DSD cases such as 10q26 deletions.

PMID- 18155189
TI  - Notch2 is required for maintaining sustentacular cell function in the adult mouse
      main olfactory epithelium.
AB  - Notch receptors are expressed in neurons and glia in the adult nervous system,
      but why this expression persists is not well-understood. Here we examine the role
      of the Notch pathway in the postnatal mouse main olfactory system, and show
      evidence consistent with a model where Notch2 is required for maintaining
      sustentacular cell function. In the absence of Notch2, the laminar nature of
      these glial-like cells is disrupted. Hes1, Hey1, and Six1, which are downstream
      effectors of the Notch pathway, are down-regulated, and cytochrome P450 and
      Glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression by sustentacular cells is reduced.
      Functional levels of GST activity are also reduced. These disruptions are
      associated with increased olfactory sensory neuron degeneration. Surprisingly,
      expression of Notch3 is also down-regulated. This suggests the existence of a
      feedback loop where expression of Notch3 is initially independent of Notch2, but
      requires Notch2 for maintained expression. While the Notch pathway has previously
      been shown to be important for promoting gliogenesis during development, this is
      the first demonstration that the persistent expression of Notch receptors is
      required for maintaining glial function in adult.

PMID- 18155191
TI  - Pbx3 is required for normal locomotion and dorsal horn development.
AB  - The transcription cofactor Pbx3 is critical for the function of hindbrain
      circuits controlling respiration in mammals, but the perinatal lethality caused
      by constitutively null mutations has hampered investigation of other roles it may
      play in neural development and function. Here we report that the conditional loss
      of Pbx3 function in most tissues caudal to the hindbrain resulted in progressive
      deficits of posture, locomotion, and sensation that became apparent during
      adolescence. In adult mutants, the size of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and
      the numbers of calbindin-, PKC-gamma, and calretinin-expressing neurons in
      laminae I-III were markedly reduced, but the ventral cord and peripheral nervous
      system appeared normal. In the embryonic dorsal horn, Pbx3 expression was
      restricted to a subset of glutamatergic neurons, but its absence did not affect
      the initial balance of excitatory and inhibitory interneuron phenotypes. By
      embryonic day 15 a subset of Meis(+) glutamatergic neurons assumed abnormally
      superficial positions and the number of calbindin(+) neurons was increased three
      fold in the mutants. Loss of Pbx3 function thus leads to the incorrect
      specification of some glutamatergic neurons in the dorsal horn and alters the
      integration of peripheral sensation into the spinal circuitry regulating
      locomotion.

PMID- 18155192
TI  - Plectin regulates the signaling and trafficking of the HIV-1 co-receptor CXCR4
      and plays a role in HIV-1 infection.
AB  - The CXC chemokine CXCL12 and its cognate receptor CXCR4 play an important role in
      inflammation, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and cancer metastasis.
      The signal transduction and intracellular trafficking of CXCR4 are involved in
      these functions, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In
      the present study, we demonstrated that the CXCR4 formed a complex with the
      cytolinker protein plectin in a ligand-dependent manner in HEK293 cells stably
      expressing CXCR4. The glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-CXCR4 C-terminal fusion
      proteins co-precipitated with the full-length and the N-terminal fragments of
      plectin isoform 1 but not with the N-terminal deletion mutants of plectin isoform
      1, thereby suggesting an interaction between the N-terminus of plectin and the C
      terminus of CXCR4. This interaction was confirmed by confocal microscopic
      reconstructions showing co-distribution of these two proteins in the internal
      vesicles after ligand-induced internalization of CXCR4 in HEK293 cells stably
      expressing CXCR4. Knockdown of plectin with RNA interference (RNAi) significantly
      inhibited ligand-dependent CXCR4 internalization and attenuated CXCR4-mediated
      intracellular calcium mobilization and activation of extracellular signal
      regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). CXCL12-induced chemotaxis of HEK293 cells stably
      expressing CXCR4 and of Jurkat T cells was inhibited by the plectin RNAi.
      Moreover, CXCR4 tropic HIV-1 infection in MAGI (HeLa-CD4-LTR-Gal) cells was
      inhibited by the RNAi of plectin. Thus, plectin appears to interact with CXCR4
      and plays an important role in CXCR4 signaling and trafficking and HIV-1
      infection.

PMID- 18155193
TI  - The mechanism of increasing outflow facility by rho-kinase inhibition with Y
      27632 in bovine eyes.
AB  - Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (Y-27) affects actomyosin cytoskeletal networks and
      has been shown to significantly increase outflow facility (C) in enucleated
      porcine and rabbit eyes, as well as in vivo monkey eyes without obvious toxicity.
      The mechanisms underlying these responses remain largely unknown. In this study,
      we investigate how Y-27 affects aqueous humor C, the hydrodynamic patterns of
      outflow, and the morphology of the inner wall (IW) and juxtacanalicular
      connective tissue (JCT). 12 bovine eyes were perfused at 15 mmHg with Dulbecco's
      PBS containing 5.5 mM glucose (DPBS) to establish stable baseline C. The anterior
      chamber was exchanged and perfused with DPBS containing 50 microM Y-27 in 7 eyes,
      while 5 eyes received DPBS alone. Eyes were then perfused with DPBS containing
      fluorescent microspheres (0.5 microm; 0.002% v/v) at a fixed volume to deliver
      equivalent amounts of tracer to label the hydrodynamic filtration patterns. All
      eyes were perfusion-fixed with Karnovsky's fixative. Radial and frontal sections
      were prepared in all quadrants and confocal images were taken along the IW of the
      aqueous plexus (AP). The total length (TL) and filtration length (FL) of the IW
      were measured in > or =16 images/eye, and the average percent effective
      filtration length (PEFL=FL/TL) was calculated. Sections with AP were processed
      and examined by light and electron microscopy. The TL of the IW and length
      exhibiting JCT/IW separation (SL) were measured in > or =16 micrographs/eye, and
      the average percent separation length (PSL=SL/TL) was also calculated. After Y-27
      treatment, C increased from 1.54+/-0.34 (+/-SEM) to 2.36+/-0.54 microL/min per
      mmHg (58.2+/-18.9%) while control eyes changed from 1.67+/-0.41 to 1.71+/-0.39
      microl/min per mmHg (6.0+/-9.3%) and the percent changes between the Y-27-treated
      and control eyes were significant (p=0.03). Control eyes showed segmental
      distribution of tracer in the trabecular meshwork tending to cluster near
      collector channel ostia, whereas Y-27-treated eyes showed a more uniform pattern
      and extensive labeling along the IW. In Y-27-treated eyes, PEFL was 3-fold larger
      (57.6+/-3.7%) compared to control eyes (18.2+/-4.5%; p<0.001). Light microscopic
      examination revealed that, with Y-27, the IW and JCT were significantly distended
      compared to control eyes, with discernible separation between the IW and JCT. PSL
      was 2.8-fold larger in Y-27-treated eyes (59.3+/-3.6%) than in controls (20.8+/
      2.0%; p<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between PEFL and PSL
      (p=0.003) suggesting that as connectivity between the JCT and IW decreases the
      available area for aqueous humor drainage increases along the AP. Our study also
      demonstrates a significant positive correlation between C and the PSL (p=0.01), a
      finding identical to what we reported to occur during the "washout" effect in
      bovine eyes. Our data suggests the structural correlate to the increase in C and
      PEFL after Y-27-treatment is physical separation between the JCT and IW. The
      increase in C after Y-27-treatment may share a similar mechanism comparable with
      the washout effect that occurs in bovine eyes. Overall, these findings support
      our hypothesis that JCT/IW connectivity influences local outflow hydrodynamics
      that regulate C, and suggest that strategies targeting JCT/IW connectivity are
      promising anti-glaucoma therapies to reduce IOP.

PMID- 18155194
TI  - Presence of EGF growth factor ligands and their effects on cultured rat
      conjunctival goblet cell proliferation.
AB  - The amount of mucin on the ocular surface is regulated by the rate of mucin
      synthesis, mucin secretion, and the number of goblet cells. We have previously
      shown that cholinergic agonists are potent stimuli of mucin secretion. In
      contrast, there have been no studies on the control of goblet cell proliferation.
      In this study we investigate the presence of the EGF family of growth factors and
      their receptors in rat conjunctiva and cultured rat conjunctival goblet cells as
      well as their effects on activation of signaling intermediates and goblet cell
      proliferation. Rat conjunctival goblet cells were grown in organ culture and
      identified as goblet cells by their morphology and positive staining for the
      lectin UEA-1 and cytokeratin 7. In the rat conjunctiva, the presence of the EGF
      family members epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha
      (TGF-alpha), heparin binding EGF (HB-EGF), and heregulin was determined by RT
      PCR. The receptors for these ligands, EGF receptor (EGFR), erbB2, erbB3, and
      erbB4 were detected in both rat conjunctiva and goblet cells by Western blot
      analysis. Immunofluorescence microscopy of conjunctival tissue determined that
      EGFR was present as punctate staining in the cytoplasm of conjunctival goblet
      cells while ErbB2 was present in the basolateral and lateral membranes of goblet
      cells. ErbB3 was localized to the cytosol of rat conjunctival goblet cells. In
      cultured goblet cells, EGFR and ErbB2 were present in the perinuclear area of the
      cells. ErbB3 was widely distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the cells. ErbB4
      was not detected in either the conjunctiva or goblet cells by immunofluorescence
      microscopy. Using a multiplex assay system we measured phosphorylation
      (activation) of p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), also known as
      ERK, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK and AKT (also known as protein kinase
      B), molecules known to be activated by EGF receptor members. EGF, TGF-alpha and
      HB-EGF activated the signaling intermediate proteins whereas heregulin did not.
      No EGF family member significantly activated AKT. Consistent with these findings,
      EGF, TGF-alpha and HB-EGF each stimulated goblet cell proliferation as measured
      by WST-1 assay or immunofluorescence microscopy using an antibody against Ki-67,
      a protein expressed in dividing cells. Heregulin did not cause goblet cell
      proliferation. We conclude that multiple members of the EGF family, EGF, TGF
      alpha and HB-EGF, and heregulin are present with three of the four erbB receptor
      subtypes. EGF, TGF-alpha and HB-EGF all stimulated the activation of signaling
      intermediates and caused goblet cell proliferation.

PMID- 18155196
TI  - Leishmania amazonensis: biosynthesis of polyprenols of 9 isoprene units by
      amastigotes.
AB  - The isoprenoid metabolic pathway in protozoa of the Leishmania genus exhibits
      distinctive characteristics. These parasites, as well as other members of the
      Trypanosomatidae family, synthesize ergosterol, instead of cholesterol, as the
      main membrane sterol lipid. Leishmania has been shown to utilize leucine, instead
      of acetate as the main precursor for sterol biosynthesis. While mammalian
      dolichols are molecules containing 15-23 isoprene units, Leishmania amazonensis
      promastigotes synthesize dolichol of 11 and 12 units. In this paper, we show that
      the intracellular stages of L. amazonensis, amastigotes, synthesize mainly
      polyprenols of 9 isoprene units, instead of dolichol.

PMID- 18155195
TI  - Titrating Theileria parva: single stocks against combination of stocks.
AB  - Theileria parva is the causative agent of East Coast fever (ECF), an important
      cattle disease in East and Central Africa. One of the methods for control of ECF
      is 'infection and treatment', a procedure in which an animal is infected with the
      live parasite and at the same time treated with a long-acting oxytetracycline
      formulation, restraining the infection and allowing a protective cellular immune
      response to develop. Optimal immunizing doses were estimated using models of
      trichotomous response: dysimmunization (death or severe reaction during
      immunization), immunization failure (death or severe reaction during lethal
      challenge) and successful immunization (neither dysimmunization nor immunization
      failure). In this paper we present methods of interpreting immunization trials
      and apply these methods to previously unpublished data from two such trials: one
      with a mixture of three T. parva stocks and one with a single T. parva stock. We
      explain why titration trials conducted with a cocktail of antigens could predict
      a suboptimal immunization dose. Indeed it is possible for a combination of three
      individually efficient stocks to result in a mixture with which optimal
      immunization response might be difficult to achieve, because of averaging
      effects. The corresponding interpretation provides insights into why standard
      immunization trials for T. parva have not yielded the results that might be
      expected of them. The results of this work may also have implications for the use
      of antigen cocktails in cancer, HIV and malaria vaccine trials.

PMID- 18155197
TI  - Babesia gibsoni: Serodiagnosis of infection in dogs by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay with recombinant BgTRAP.
AB  - The thrombospondin-related adhesive protein of Babesia gibsoni (BgTRAP) is known
      as an immunodominant antigen and is, therefore, considered as a candidate for the
      development of a diagnostic reagent for canine babesiosis. The recombinant BgTRAP
      (rBgTRAP) expressed in Escherichia coli was tested in an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibodies to B. gibsoni in dogs. The
      ELISA with rBgTRAP clearly differentiated between B. gibsoni-infected dog sera
      and specific pathogen-free (SPF) dog sera. The sera collected from dogs
      experimentally infected with closely related parasites, B. canis canis, B. canis
      vogeli, B. canis rossi, and Neospora caninum, showed no cross-reactivity by the
      ELISA with rBgTRAP. A total of 107 blood samples collected from dogs that had
      been diagnosed as having babesiosis at veterinary hospitals in Japan were
      examined for the diagnosis of B. gibsoni infection by the ELISA and PCR. Ninety
      six (89.7%) and 89 (83.2%) of the tested samples were positive by the ELISA and
      PCR, respectively, while 11 (10.3%) and 4 (3.7%) were ELISA+/PCR- and ELISA
      /PCR+, respectively. In addition, the sensitivity of the ELISA with rBgTRAP was
      much higher than that of previously established ELISAs with rBgP50, rBgSA1, and
      rBgP32. These results indicate that the rBgTRAP is the most promising diagnostic
      antigen for the detection of an antibody to B. gibsoni in dogs and that the
      combined ELISA/PCR approach could provide the most reliable diagnosis for
      clinical sites.

PMID- 18155198
TI  - Autotransplantation of frozen-thawed ovarian tissue in a young woman:
      ultrastructure and viability of grafted tissue.
AB  - This is the first report of the presence of ultrastructurally normal primordial
      and primary follicles, 13 months after autotransplantation of frozen-thawed human
      ovarian tissue. The stroma contained numerous viable and ultrastructurally normal
      blood vessels but showed poor cellular density.

PMID- 18155199
TI  - Pregnancy after in vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection obtained
      with a modified natural cycle in a BRCA1 mutation carrier.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To report a successful pregnancy after a semi-natural IVF cycle for a
      BRCA1 gene mutation carrier. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: University hospital.
      PATIENT(S): A 26-year-old patient with BRCA1 gene mutation. INTERVENTION(S): Semi
      natural IVF cycle and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):
      Pregnancy rate. RESULT(S): A modified natural IVF cycle was performed, resulting
      in pregnancy and delivery. CONCLUSION(S): A modified natural IVF cycle is an
      effective and safe solution for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation gene carrier women with
      couple infertility.

PMID- 18155200
TI  - The uterus and fertility.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To review the current understanding of the role the uterus plays in
      embryo implantation and to outline congenital anomalies and acquired diseases
      that impact normal uterine function. DESIGN: The publications related to the
      embryo implantation, Mullerian anomalies, uterine polyps, uterine synechiae, and
      myomas were identified through Medline and reviewed. CONCLUSION(S): Congenital
      anomalies and acquired diseases of the uterus may negatively impact on the
      complex processes of embryo implantation. Hysteroscopic surgery to correct
      uterine septa, intrauterine synechiae, and myomas that distort the uterine cavity
      may benefit women with infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss. The effect of
      endometrial polyps on fertility is uncertain, but their removal, once identified,
      is justifiable. Complex congenital anomalies such as unicornuate uterus and
      uterus didelphys may negatively affect fertility and pregnancy outcome, and
      surgical treatment may benefit select patients.

PMID- 18155201
TI  - Menstrual cycle length is an age-independent marker of female fertility: results
      from 6271 treatment cycles of in vitro fertilization.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether menstrual cycle length correlates with success
      rates at IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and could be used as a
      marker of ovarian reserve. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING:
      Private infertility centre. PATIENT(S): A total of 6271 IVF/ICSI treatment
      cycles. INTERVENTION(S): Self-reported mean number of menstrual days during the
      last year was recorded before initiation of IVF/ICSI treatment. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURE(S): Relations between menstrual cycle length and pregnancy and delivery
      rates. RESULT(S): Increasing age was associated with a subtle shortening of mean
      menstrual cycle length. Menstrual cycle length correlated linearly with pregnancy
      and delivery rates, even after age adjustment. The chance of delivery after
      IVF/ICSI was almost doubled for women with a menstrual cycle length >34 days
      compared with women with a menstrual cycle length <26 days. Menstrual cycle
      length was also significantly associated with ovarian response to FSH/hMG
      stimulation and embryo quality. CONCLUSION(S): Mean menstrual cycle length is
      highly related to success rates in assisted reproduction, independently of age. A
      precise menstrual cycle history could be used as a simple marker of ovarian
      reserve.

PMID- 18155202
TI  - Pre-cycle saline infusion sonography minimizes assisted reproductive technologies
      cycle cancellation due to endometrial polyps.
AB  - Pre-ART cycle screening with saline infusion sonohysterography is effective at
      limiting cycle cancellation caused by endometrial polyps to 0.5%. Although a
      thickened lining at the time of baseline ultrasound can be indicative of a
      uterine polyp, a normal endometrial lining does not eliminate the possibility
      that a polyp will be discovered during the cycle.

PMID- 18155203
TI  - Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (with video).

PMID- 18155204
TI  - Jumbo forceps are superior to standard large-capacity forceps in obtaining
      diagnostically adequate inflammatory bowel disease surveillance biopsy specimens.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) surveillance colonoscopy, an
      increased number of biopsy specimens correlates with a higher dysplasia detection
      rate. Larger biopsy specimens may also increase the diagnostic yield. OBJECTIVE:
      To compare a new jumbo forceps with a standard large-capacity forceps in
      obtaining diagnostically adequate IBD surveillance biopsy specimens. DESIGN:
      Prospective single-center study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients who
      were undergoing an IBD surveillance colonoscopy were enrolled. As part of
      standard IBD surveillance, 8 paired biopsy specimens were obtained from the
      rectosigmoid by using the jumbo forceps and a standard large-capacity forceps.
      OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Biopsy specimens were deemed adequate if they met all 3 of
      the following criteria: (1) length > or =3 mm, (2) penetration into the
      muscularis mucosa, and (3) < 20% crush artifact. RESULTS: The proportion of
      adequate biopsy specimens obtained with the jumbo forceps was significantly
      higher than that obtained with the large-capacity control forceps (67% vs 48%, P
      < .0001). The average length of the biopsy specimen obtained with the jumbo
      forceps was 4.00 mm (95% CI, 3.81-4.20 mm) compared with 3.19 mm (95% CI, 2.99
      3.38 mm) with the large-capacity (control) forceps. LIMITATIONS: (1) No validated
      outcome measurement for the quality of GI biopsy specimens exists and (2) in this
      study, interobserver variability between pathologists was high. CONCLUSIONS: The
      jumbo forceps was superior to a standard large-capacity forceps in obtaining
      diagnostically adequate IBD surveillance biopsy specimens. Because biopsy
      specimens obtained with the jumbo forceps were larger, the use of this forceps
      for IBD surveillance will allow the endoscopist to sample a larger colonic
      mucosal surface area, potentially resulting in an increased dysplasia detection
      rate.

PMID- 18155205
TI  - Comparison of EUS and ERCP in the investigation with suspected biliary
      obstruction caused by choledocholithiasis: a randomized study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: EUS may be used to reduce the need of diagnostic ERCP. OBJECTIVE: Our
      purpose was to investigate the benefits and safety of an EUS-guided versus an
      ERCP-guided approach in the management of suspected biliary obstructive diseases
      caused by choledocholithiasis, in whom a US study is not diagnostic. DESIGN: A
      randomized study. SETTING: A university medical unit. PATIENTS: Patients with
      clinical, biochemical, or radiologic suspicion of biliary obstruction.
      INTERVENTIONS: In the EUS group, therapeutic ERCP was performed at the same EUS
      session if a lesion was found. In the ERCP group, therapeutic treatment was
      carried out at the discretion of the endoscopist. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The
      number of ERCPs avoided, procedure-related complications, and recurrent biliary
      symptoms on follow-up at 1 year. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were randomized
      to EUS and 32 to ERCP. Three patients (9.4%) had failed ERCPs, whereas all EUS
      procedures were successful. Nine (27.3%) patients in the EUS group were found to
      have biliary lesions that were all treated by ERCP. In the ERCP group, 7 (22%)
      patients had biliary lesions detected that were treated in the same session. More
      patients had serious complications (bleeding, acute pancreatitis, and umbilical
      abscess) in the ERCP group. One patient in each group had recurrent biliary
      symptoms during follow-up. With EUS used as a triage tool, diagnostic ERCP and
      its related complications could be spared in 49 (75.4%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: In
      patients suspected to have biliary obstructive disease, EUS is a safe and
      accurate test to select patients for therapeutic ERCP.

PMID- 18155206
TI  - Endoscopic visualization of embolization coil in a duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 18155207
TI  - Anemia caused by a gastric inflammatory fibroid polyp.

PMID- 18155208
TI  - Multiple cavernous hemangiomas with iron deficiency anemia successfully treated
      with double-balloon enteroscopy.

PMID- 18155209
TI  - Superior vena cava syndrome: diagnosis of etiology with EUS-guided FNA.

PMID- 18155210
TI  - Narrow-band imaging colonoscopy--a pilot feasibility study for the detection of
      polyps and correlation of surface patterns with polyp histologic diagnosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is the preferred screening method for colorectal cancer.
      However, it has a substantial miss rate for colon polyps, and several techniques
      have been attempted to improve this limitation. Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is a
      novel technology that enhances the visualization of surface mucosal and vascular
      patterns. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the detection rate of
      additional polyps by NBI after removal of polyps visualized by standard white
      light colonoscopy (WLC) and to correlate the surface mucosal and vascular
      patterns with polyp histologic diagnosis. DESIGN: This was a prospective pilot
      feasibility study. SETTING: Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center.
      PATIENTS: Subjects referred for screening colonoscopy were prospectively
      enrolled. METHODS: Subjects underwent colonoscopy after enrollment. After
      intubation of the cecum, colonic segments were sequentially examined, initially
      with WLC with removal of polyps followed by re-examination of the same segment
      with NBI. Additional polyps seen with NBI were photographed for their surface
      patterns and then removed. The total number of polyps visualized by WLC and NBI
      was calculated and the surface patterns were then correlated with polyp
      histologic features. RESULTS: Forty patients were enrolled in the study, all men,
      32 white. The mean age was 62 years. A total of 72 polyps were detected by WLC
      (43 tubular adenoma, 28 hyperplastic polyps), whereas NBI detected an additional
      51 polyps, of which 29 were tubular adenomas and 22 were hyperplastic. Five
      different surface/vascular patterns were observed: fine capillary network with
      absent mucosal pattern, circular pattern with dots, round/oval pattern, tubular
      pattern, and gyrus pattern. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of
      the first two patterns for hyperplastic polyps were 86%, 96%, and 92%,
      respectively, and of the latter three patterns for tubular adenomas were 96%,
      86%, and 92%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrates the
      feasibility of polyp detection and histologic correlation with NBI. These
      findings need to be confirmed in future randomized controlled trials.

PMID- 18155211
TI  - Diagnosis of colopulmonary fistula by virtual colonoscopy.

PMID- 18155212
TI  - Pyogenic liver abscess complicating colonoscopic polypectomy.

PMID- 18155213
TI  - An unusual gall bladder.

PMID- 18155214
TI  - Histologic evaluation of resection specimens obtained at 293 endoscopic
      resections in Barrett's esophagus.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Evidence-based selection criteria for endoscopic resection (ER) of
      Barrett's neoplasia are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To study the histopathology of ER
      specimens of Barrett's neoplasia and correlate this with endoscopic
      characteristics to make recommendations for patient management. DESIGN, SETTING,
      INTERVENTIONS: Histology and correlating endoscopy reports of specimens obtained
      at 293 consecutive ERs performed at a Dutch tertiary referral center between 2000
      and 2006 were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Histologic findings in ER
      specimens and their relation with endoscopic characteristics. RESULTS: A total of
      150 ERs were performed for focal lesions: 16% type 0-I, 23% 0-IIa, 7% 0-IIb, 3% 0
      IIc, 9% 0-IIa-IIb, and 42% 0-IIa-IIc; and 143 for flat mucosa. Histology revealed
      no dysplasia in 57 ERs, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in 52, high-grade
      intraepithelial neoplasia in 104, T1m in 61, and T1sm in 17; in two cancers,
      infiltration depth was not assessable because of artifacts. Type 0-I and 0-IIc
      lesions significantly more often penetrated the submucosa (P = .009): 60% were G1
      cancers, 23% were G2 cancers, and 18% were G3 cancers. G2-G3 cancers
      significantly more often invaded the submucosa (P < .001) or had positive
      vertical margins (P = .015). Histology of ER specimens led to a change in
      diagnosis in 49% of the focal lesions and a relevant change in treatment policy
      in 30%. LIMITATIONS: A retrospective study. CONCLUSIONS: ER is a valuable
      diagnostic tool that frequently leads to a change in treatment policy. Most
      endoscopically resected early Barrett's neoplasia are 0-II type, G1 mucosal
      neoplasia. Submucosal infiltration is more often encountered in type 0-I and 0
      IIc lesions and in G2-G3 cancers.

PMID- 18155215
TI  - Self-training in unsedated transnasal EGD by endoscopists competent in standard
      peroral EGD: prospective assessment of the learning curve.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Training programs in unsedated transnasal (UT) EGD are scarce.
      OBJECTIVE: To prospectively assess the learning curve for unsupervised UT-EGD.
      SETTING: Endoscopy service, without experience in UT-EGD. SUBJECTS: Consecutive
      patients referred for diagnostic EGD. INTERVENTION: UT-EGD was attempted in 140
      study patients by 2 endoscopists who trained by themselves in UT-EGD (skilled
      endoscopist [n = 70]; a trainee having recently achieved competency in
      conventional EGD [n = 70]) and in 10 controls (endoscopist skilled in UT-EGD) by
      using a 4.9-mm-diameter videoendoscope. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Technical
      success, sedation administered, patient tolerance acceptance, procedure duration
      for each decade of 10 consecutive patients investigated by the same endoscopist;
      intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: Both self-trained endoscopists fulfilled
      predefined criteria of competency in UT-EGD since the first attempts. They
      completed examinations of adequate quality with exclusive transnasal scope
      insertion (n = 139 [99.3%]), no sedation (n = 138 [98.6%]), and patient accepting
      repeat procedure (n = 135 [96.4%]) in proportions not significantly different
      from controls for all decades. Compared with a median procedure duration of 5.5
      minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-8.5 minutes) in controls, procedures were
      significantly longer for all trainee's decades (eg, first decade 20.0 minutes
      [IQR 15.0-29.0 minutes], P < .001) but none for the skilled endoscopist. Overall
      discomfort, pain, gagging, and belching were not significantly different for
      study patients versus controls. Fifty-six of 69 study patients (81%) with a
      previous history of conventional EGD preferred UT-EGD. LIMITATIONS:
      Generalizability to other small-caliber endoscopes. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopists
      competent in conventional EGD may obtain excellent results with UT-EGD (except
      for procedure duration) beginning with their first attempts, even without
      supervision or structured training.

PMID- 18155216
TI  - Usefulness and safety of 0.4% sodium hyaluronate solution as a submucosal fluid
      "cushion" in endoscopic resection for gastric neoplasms: a prospective
      multicenter trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Sodium hyaluronate (SH) solution has been used for submucosal
      injection in endoscopic resection to create a long-lasting submucosal fluid
      "cushion." OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to assess the usefulness and safety of
      0.4% SH solution in endoscopic resection. DESIGN: A prospective multicenter
      randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Six referral hospitals in Japan. PATIENTS:
      One hundred forty patients with 5- to 20-mm gastric intramucosal neoplastic
      lesions. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized into 0.4% SH and control groups.
      Endoscopic resection was performed with 0.4% SH or normal saline solution for
      submucosal injection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS:  PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: The
      usefulness of 0.4% SH solution was assessed by en bloc complete resection and the
      formation and maintenance of mucosal lesion-lifting during endoscopic resection.
      SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) steepness of mucosal lesion lifting, (2)
      complications, (3) time required for mucosal resection, (4) volume of submucosal
      injection solution, and (5) ease of mucosal resection. Safety was assessed by
      analyzing adverse events during the study period. RESULTS: The usefulness rate
      was significantly higher for the 0.4% SH group (88.4%, 61/69) than for the
      control group (58.6%, 41/70). As secondary outcome measures, significant
      intergroup differences (P < .001) were noted for (1) steepness of mucosal lesion
      lifting, (2) volume of submucosal injection solution, and (3) ease of mucosal
      resection. No serious adverse events were encountered in either group.
      LIMITATIONS: Lack of blinding. Safety was not a powered outcome measure.
      CONCLUSIONS: Using 0.4% SH as a submucosal injection solution in endoscopic
      resection enabled the formation and maintenance of sufficient mucosal lesion
      lifting for gastric intramucosal lesions, reducing the need for additional
      injections and simplifying mucosal resection. Use of 0.4% SH thus simplifies the
      complicated procedures involved in endoscopic resection.

PMID- 18155217
TI  - Laparoscopic appearance of Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome, dilated Sappey's
      veins, and early caput medusae.

PMID- 18155218
TI  - Is fledging in king penguin chicks related to changes in metabolic or endocrinal
      status?
AB  - This study examines the possibility that metabolic or endocrinal factors initiate
      fledging in the king penguin, a semi-altricial seabird species breeding a single
      chick on the ground. Chick fledging (departure to sea) occurred 5d after
      completion of the molt. It was preceded by a 16d fasting period and by a 7-fold
      increase in locomotor activity. From the measurement of the plasma concentration
      of metabolites and of glucagon and insulin, pre-fledging king penguin chicks were
      found to adapt to fasting in a classical way, i.e. by sparing body protein and
      mobilizing fat stores. At fledging, chicks were in phase II of fasting and their
      departure to sea was not stimulated by reaching critical energy depletion (phase
      III), in contrast to that which has been reported in breeding-fasting adults. The
      plasma level of corticosterone remained unchanged throughout the whole pre
      fledging period, providing no support for a role of this stress-hormone in the
      facilitation of fledging. Thus, king penguin fledglings did not appear to be
      environmentally or nutritionally stressed. The plasma levels of thyroid hormones
      were elevated during the pre-fledging molt, in accordance with their key role in
      molt control in adult penguins. These levels declined by the time of the molt
      end, the plasma level of T4 thereafter being directly related to the time left
      before fledging. These results do not support the view that chronically elevated
      levels of thyroid hormones are required for the energy-demanding transition
      between being ashore and in cold water, but they suggest that the maintenance of
      high T4 levels may delay fledging.

PMID- 18155219
TI  - Haemostatic efficacy of an ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate-based aerosol in combination
      with tourniquet application in a large wound model with an arterial injury.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Tourniquet application is the standard method for the control of
      severe trauma haemorrhage. However, it may result in severe ischaemic injuries
      when used for a long time. In this study, we developed a modified ethyl-2
      cyanoacrylate-based aerosol (ECA) aerosol spray and determined its efficacy for
      short-time control of bleeding of large wounds in pigs when used in combination
      with tourniquet application. METHODS: A large wound model with a femoral arterial
      injury was made in the middle of either thigh of the pig. Thirty white female
      hybrid pigs were divided evenly and randomly into three groups, including
      tourniquet application only group (group A), tourniquet-ECA group (group B, a
      combination of ECA with tourniquet application) and tourniquet-ECA with wound
      cleaning group (group C, a combination of ECA with tourniquet application plus
      wound cleaning). RESULTS: The success rates of haemostasis were 0%, 30%and 90% in
      groups A, B and C, respectively (P<0.05). The incidence of haematoma and the
      membrane forming time were 100% and 20%, and 5.9+/-1.0min and 8.3+/-1.1min,
      respectively, in groups B and C (both P<0.05). The haemostatic time and the
      thickness of membrane were 11.9+/-1.8min and 10.2+/-1.4min, and 0.68+/-0.29mm and
      0.79+/-0.25mm, respectively, in the two groups (P>0.05, both). CONCLUSION: The
      ECA spray achieves haemostasis within a very short time when it is used in
      combination with tourniquet application in a large wound model with an arterial
      injury. It may effectively prevent the wound from bleeding without the need for
      any long-term pressure bandage to wrap the wound, and it is easy to be disposed
      in debridement. Therefore, it may serve as an optimal choice for the first aid of
      large wounds with an arterial injury.

PMID- 18155220
TI  - Determination of methylmercury and phenylmercury in water samples by liquid
      liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis.
AB  - A novel method for determination of methylmercury (MeHg) and phenylmercury (PhHg)
      by liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction (LLLME) coupled with capillary
      electrophoresis (CE) with ultraviolet (UV) technique was developed. The method
      based on MeHg and PhHg was complexed with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) to
      form hydrophobic complexes. When the sample solution was stirred, analytes were
      extracted into the organic layer (200 microL toluene) and back-extracted
      simultaneously into the 4.0 microL 0.1% (w/v) l-cysteine microdrop. The factors
      affecting on the LLLME of two mercury species, including sample pH, complex
      reagent concentration, extraction time, volume of organic solvent, stirring rate
      and phase volume ratio, were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the
      detection limits (S/N=3) of MeHg and PhHg were 0.94 and 0.43 ngmL(-1) (as Hg),
      respectively. The precisions (RSDs, c=10 ngmL(-1), n=7) were in the range of 3.3
      3.4% for migration time, 6.1-7.2% for peak area response, and 6.7-7.5% for peak
      height response for the two mercury species. The enrichment factors of 324 for
      MeHg and 210 for PhHg were obtained with 40 min LLLME. The developed method was
      successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of MeHg and PhHg in
      water samples.

PMID- 18155221
TI  - Editorial on "Peak capacity in unidimensional chromatography" by U.D. Neue.

PMID- 18155222
TI  - In-tube extraction for enrichment of volatile organic hydrocarbons from aqueous
      samples.
AB  - In-tube extraction (ITEX) is a novel solventless extraction technique in which a
      headspace syringe with a needle body filled with a sorbent (here: Tenax TA) is
      used. The analytes are extracted from sample headspace by dynamic extraction. The
      needle body is surrounded by a separate heater, which is used for thermal
      desorption of analytes into the injection port of a GC system. We report here for
      the first time the optimization and evaluation of a fully automated analytical
      method based on ITEX. As target analytes, 19 common groundwater contaminants such
      as halogenated volatiles and monoaromatic compounds have been chosen. Method
      related parameters such as extraction temperature, number of extraction cycles,
      extraction and desorption volume as well as extraction and desorption flow rates
      were investigated in detail. The linear dynamic range of the ITEX method ranged
      over six orders of magnitude between 0.028 microg/L and 1218 microg/L with linear
      correlation coefficients between 0.990 and 0.998 for the investigated compounds.
      Method detection limits for monoaromatic compounds were between 28 ng/L
      (ethylbenzene) and 68 ng/L (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene). For halogenated volatile
      organic compounds, method detection limits between 48 ng/L (chloroform) and 799
      ng/L (dichloromethane) were obtained. The precision of the method with external
      calibration was between 3.1% (chloroform ethylbenzene) and 7.4% (1,2,3
      trimethylbenzene).

PMID- 18155223
TI  - Higher mass loadability in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry for improved analytical performance in metabolomics analysis.
AB  - A major challenge in metabolomics analysis is the accurate quantification of
      metabolites in the presence of (extremely) high abundant metabolites.
      Quantification of metabolites at low concentrations can be complicated by co
      elution and/or peak distortion when these metabolites elute close to high
      abundant metabolites. To increase the separation efficiency a comprehensive two
      dimensional gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method (GC x GC-MS) was set
      up, in which a polar first dimension column and an apolar second dimension column
      were used to maximize the peak capacity. The feasibility of using wider bore,
      thicker film columns in the second dimension to improve the mass loadability and
      inertness of the analytical system was investigated. Several column combinations
      with varying second dimension column dimensions were compared with a setup with a
      narrow bore column (0.1mm I.D.) in the second dimension. With a wider bore column
      (0.32 mm I.D.) in the second dimension the mass loadability was improved 10-fold,
      and the more inert column surface of the thicker film second dimension column
      resulted in a more accurate (automated) quantification and improved linearity in
      the presence of high concentrations of matrix compounds or metabolites. These
      benefits amply compensated the observed decrease in peak capacity of 40% compared
      to the narrow bore (0.1mm I.D.) thin film second dimension column. Compared to GC
      MS and conventional GC x GC-MS, better performance for quantification of
      metabolites for typical metabolomics samples was achieved.

PMID- 18155224
TI  - Large volume injection techniques in capillary gas chromatography.
AB  - Large volume injection (LVI) is a prerequisite of modern gas chromatographic (GC)
      analysis, especially when trace sample components have to be determined at very
      low concentration levels. Injection of larger than usual sample volumes increases
      sensitivity and/or reduces (or even eliminates) the need for extract
      concentration steps. Also, an LVI technique can serve as an interface for on-line
      connection of GC with a sample preparation step or with liquid chromatography.
      This article reviews the currently available LVI techniques, including basic
      approaches to their optimization and important real-world applications. The most
      common LVI methods are on-column and programmed temperature vaporization (PTV) in
      solvent split mode. Newer techniques discussed in this article include direct
      sample introduction (DSI), splitless overflow, at-column, and "through oven
      transfer adsorption desorption" (TOTAD).

PMID- 18155225
TI  - Determination of volatile organic acids in oriental tobacco by needle-based
      derivatization headspace liquid-phase microextraction coupled to gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry.
AB  - A method coupling needle-based derivatization headspace liquid-phase
      microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-LPME/GC-MS) was
      developed to determine volatile organic acids in tobacco. The mixture of N,O
      bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide and decane was utilized as the solvent for
      HS-LPME, resulting that extraction and derivatization were simultaneously
      completed in one step. The solvent served two purposes. First, it pre
      concentrated volatile organic acids in the headspace of tobacco sample. Second,
      the volatile organic acids extracted were derivatized to form silyl derivatives
      in the drop. The main parameters affecting needle-based derivatization HS-LPME
      procedure such as extraction and derivatization reagent, microdrop volume,
      extraction and derivatization time, and preheating temperature and preheating
      time were optimized. The standard addition approach was essential to obtain
      accurate measurements by minimizing matrix effects. Good linearity (R(2)> or
      =0.9804) and good repeatability (RSDs< or =15.3%, n=5) for 16 analytes in spiked
      standard analytes sample were achieved. The method has the additional advantages
      that at the same time it is simple, fast, effective, sensitive, selective, and
      provides an overall profile of volatile organic acids in the oriental tobacco.
      This paper does offer an alternative approach to determine volatile organic acids
      in tobacco.

PMID- 18155226
TI  - Anomalous low-frequency electro-optic behavior of ferric oxide particles in the
      presence of poly(ethylene oxide).
AB  - Electro-optic techniques were used to investigate the influence of poly(ethylene
      oxide) (PEO) on the surface electric state of positively charged oxide particles.
      The variations in particle electrophoretic mobility of beta-FeOOH particles in
      the presence of PEO indicate significant changes in the surface electric state of
      the particles in the concentration interval of PEO 10(-2)-10(-1) g dm(-3). The
      electro-optic results for the same conditions were unexpected: no significant
      difference is observed in the value and the relaxation frequency of particle
      electric polarizability in the frequency domain of the alpha-relaxation (detected
      in the kilohertz range); particle rotational relaxation time also remains
      unchanged; considerable changes are detected only in the relaxation interval of
      particle rotation (detected in the hertz range). The obtained results reject the
      possibility of the formation on the particle surface of a thick polymer layer. A
      thin adsorption layer cannot explain the significant decrease in particle
      electrophoretic mobility. The variations in electrophoretic mobility are well
      correlated with the effects in the domain of particle rotation. A possible
      explanation of the observed effects is proposed, based on our previous
      investigations of the effects in the low-frequency domain. The presented results
      demonstrate that the important information on the electrokinetic charge
      distribution is not found in the domain of the alpha-dispersion, but in the
      domain of particle rotation.

PMID- 18155227
TI  - Low polydispersed copper-sulfide nanocrystals derived from various Cu-alkyl amine
      complexes.
AB  - Copper-sulfides, Cu2-xS nanocrystals (NCs) have been synthesized using the
      reaction between a Cu-alkyl amine complex and a sulfur/1-dodecanethiol. Here, 1
      dodecanthiol plays an important role to reduce the reaction temperature of
      sulfuration. The Cu/S composition (the Cu-defect density) of Cu2-xS NCs depends
      on the stability of Cu-alkyl amine complex. XPS analyses reveal that the
      substance of Cu-defect is attributed to an introducing of Cu+2S2-2 species. There
      is a good correlation between an intensity of a near IR absorption peak and a Cu
      defect density estimated by XPS analyses. These results demonstrate that optical
      properties of Cu2-xS NCs in a near IR region are tunable.

PMID- 18155228
TI  - Universal electro-osmosis formulae for porous media.
AB  - Approximate analytical formulae valid for any porous media with elongated pores
      are derived for the electro-osmotic coefficient alpha and for the average ionic
      concentration n . A macroscopic Debye-Huckel length kappa (-)(-1) based on n is
      introduced. Simultaneously, the electro-osmotic coefficient alpha is
      systematically calculated for various media, zeta potentials and electrolyte
      concentrations by solving the local equations. Numerical results show that kappa
      (-)(-1) and alpha follow universal curves valid whatever the porous medium; these
      curves can be approximated by the analytical formulae previously derived. These
      formulae can be used to provide a priori estimates of the electro-osmotic
      coefficient.

PMID- 18155229
TI  - Determination of the concentration dependence of polyelectrolyte diffusion
      coefficients by application of the Boltzmann gradient method.
AB  - The concentration dependence of a polyelectrolyte diffusion coefficient in
      aqueous low salt solution (KCl, 1 mM) is determined from a single dynamic
      gradient experiment. The Boltzmann method is applied to calculate the diffusion
      coefficient. A special diffusion cell is constructed that minimizes aberrations
      in the optical detection of the polyion concentration profile. Bovine serum
      albumin (BSA) is chosen as a model polyion. To get information about the
      diffusion process down to very small polyion concentrations, the BSA molecule is
      fluorescently labeled. The fluorescence intensity is used as a measure of the
      polyion concentration. The change of the polyion net charge caused by labeling is
      discussed. The cell is illuminated by an LED, and the fluorescence intensity
      profile is detected by a CCD camera. Experiments at 5 and 17 degrees C show that
      the diffusion coefficient of labeled BSA remains constant in the very low polyion
      concentration range below a threshold of about 1.5 g/l. This is in contradiction
      to the linear concentration dependence of polyion diffusion coefficients at very
      low concentrations often postulated in the literature without reference to direct
      experimental evidence. Our finding is confirmed by dynamic light scattering
      experiments published recently. An explanation for this behavior based on a
      modified Donnan osmotic compressibility approach is given.

PMID- 18155230
TI  - Prevalence of pathogenic bee viruses in Hungarian apiaries: situation before
      joining the European Union.
AB  - A survey on the occurrence of six honeybee-pathogenic viruses was carried out
      using one-step RT-PCR assays. Samples were collected between 1999 and 2004 in 52
      Hungarian apiaries located in different regions of the country. The results of
      the assays on samples of adult honeybees and Varroa destructor mites were
      compared to similar surveys from France and Austria. The study demonstrates
      geographical differences in the prevalence of honeybee viruses between Hungary
      and the older EU member states. The results could serve as a basis for monitoring
      further changes in the distribution of honeybee viruses in Europe.

PMID- 18155231
TI  - Adoptive passive transfer of rabbit beta1-adrenoceptor peptide immune
      cardiomyopathy into the Rag2-/- mouse: participation of the ER stress.
AB  - Auto-antibodies against the beta(1)-adrenoceptors are present in 30-40% of
      patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Recently, a synthetic peptide corresponding
      to a sequence of the second extracellular loop of the human beta(1)-adrenoceptor
      (beta(1)-EC(II)) has been shown to produce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress,
      myocyte apoptosis and cardiomyopathy in immunized rabbits. To study the direct
      cardiac effects of anti-beta(1)-EC(II) antibody in intact animals and if they are
      mediated via beta(1)-adrenoceptor stimulation, we administered IgG purified from
      beta(1)-EC(II)-immunized rabbits to recombination activating gene 2 knock-out
      (Rag2(-/-)) mice every 2 weeks with and without metoprolol treatment. Serial
      echocardiography and cardiac catheterization showed that beta(1)-EC(II) IgG
      reduced cardiac systolic function after 3 months. This was associated with
      increase in heart weight, myocyte apoptosis, activation of caspase-3, -9 and -12,
      and increased ER stress as evidenced by upregulation of GRP78 and CHOP and
      cleavage of ATF6. The Rag2(-/-) mice also exhibited increased phosphorylation of
      CaMKII and p38 MAPK. Metoprolol administration, which attenuated the
      phosphorylation of CaMKII and p38 MAPK, reduced the ER stress, caspase activation
      and cell death. Finally, we employed the small-interfering RNA technology to
      reduce caspase-12 in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. This reduced not only the
      increase of cleaved caspase-12 but also of the number of myocyte apoptosis
      produced by beta(1)-EC(II) IgG. Thus, we conclude that ER stress plays an
      important role in cell death and cardiac dysfunction in beta(1)-EC(II) IgG
      cardiomyopathy, and the effects of beta(1)-EC(II) IgG are mediated via the
      beta(1)-adrenergic receptor.

PMID- 18155232
TI  - The absence of endogenous lipid oxidation in early stage heart failure exposes
      limits in lipid storage and turnover.
AB  - Intramyocardial lipid handling in pressure-overload-induced heart failure remains
      poorly understood, and the balance between endogenous and exogenous lipid
      utilization for mitochondrial ATP production is essentially unknown. In this
      study, we determined the contribution of endogenous triacylglycerols (TAG) to
      mitochondrial oxidation relative to that of exogenous palmitate, glucose, and
      endogenous glycogen in the failing, pressure-overloaded rat heart. TAG content
      and turnover were also assessed to determine if lipid availability and mobility
      were altered. Dynamic-mode (13)C NMR was performed in intact hearts from aortic
      banded and sham operated Spraque-Dawley rats perfused with (13)C-labeled
      palmitate or glucose to assess TAG turnover rate and palmitate oxidation rate.
      The fractional contributions from palmitate, glucose, glycogen, and TAG to
      mitochondrial ATP production were determined from NMR analysis of heart extracts.
      TAG oxidation was not evident in HF, whereas the contribution of TAG to oxidative
      ATP production was significant in shams. TAG content was 39% lower in HF compared
      to sham, and TAG turnover rate was 60% lower in HF. During adrenergic challenge,
      TAG sources were again not oxidized in the HF group. In early cardiac failure,
      endogenous TAG oxidation was reduced in parallel to increased carbohydrate
      oxidation, with no change in exogenous palmitate oxidation. This finding was
      consistent with reduced TAG storage and mobilization. These data further
      elucidate the role of intermediary and lipid metabolism in the progression of LVH
      to failure, and contribute to emerging evidence linking the disruption of
      myocardial substrate use to cardiomyopathies.

PMID- 18155233
TI  - An unstable head-rod junction may promote folding into the compact off-state
      conformation of regulated myosins.
AB  - The N-terminal region of myosin's rod-like subfragment 2 (S2) joins the two heads
      of this dimeric molecule and is key to its function. Previously, a crystal
      structure of this predominantly coiled-coil region was determined for a short
      fragment (51 residues plus a leucine zipper) of the scallop striated muscle
      myosin isoform. In that study, the N-terminal 10-14 residues were found to be
      disordered. We have now determined the structure of the same scallop peptide in
      three additional crystal environments. In each of two of these structures,
      improved order has allowed visualization of the entire N-terminus in one chain of
      the dimeric peptide. We have also compared the melting temperatures of this
      scallop S2 peptide with those of analogous peptides from three other isoforms.
      Taken together, these experiments, along with examination of sequences, point to
      a diminished stability of the N-terminal region of S2 in regulated myosins,
      compared with those myosins whose regulation is thin filament linked. It seems
      plain that this isoform-specific instability promotes the off-state conformation
      of the heads in regulated myosins. We also discuss how myosin isoforms with
      varied thermal stabilities share the basic capacity to transmit force efficiently
      in order to produce contraction in their on states.

PMID- 18155235
TI  - Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between residues on troponin and
      tropomyosin in the reconstituted thin filament: modeling the troponin-tropomyosin
      complex.
AB  - Troponin (Tn), in association with tropomyosin (Tm), plays a central role in the
      calcium regulation of striated muscle contraction. Fluorescence resonance energy
      transfer (FRET) between probes attached to the Tn subunits (TnC, TnI, TnT) and to
      Tm was measured to study the spatial relationship between Tn and Tm on the thin
      filament. We generated single-cysteine mutants of rabbit skeletal muscle alpha
      Tm, TnI and the beta-TnT 25-kDa fragment. The energy donor was attached to a
      single-cysteine residue at position 60, 73, 127, 159, 200 or 250 on TnT, at 98 on
      TnC and at 1, 9, 133 or 181 on TnI, while the energy acceptor was located at 13,
      146, 160, 174, 190, 209, 230, 271 or 279 on Tm. FRET analysis showed a distinct
      Ca(2+)-induced conformational change of the Tm-Tn complex and revealed that TnT60
      and TnT73 were closer to Tm13 than Tm279, indicating that the elongated N
      terminal region of TnT extends beyond the beginning of the next Tm molecule on
      the actin filament. Using the atomic coordinates of the crystal structures of Tm
      and the Tn core domain, we searched for the disposition and orientation of these
      structures by minimizing the deviations of the calculated FRET efficiencies from
      the observed FRET efficiencies in order to construct atomic models of the Tn-Tm
      complex with and without bound Ca(2+). In the best-fit models, the Tn core domain
      is located on residues 160-200 of Tm, with the arrowhead-shaped I-T arm tilting
      toward the C-terminus of Tm. The angle between the Tm axis and the long axis of
      TnC is approximately 75 degrees and approximately 85 degrees with and without
      bound Ca(2+), respectively. The models indicate that the long axis of TnC is
      perpendicular to the thin filament without bound Ca(2+), and that TnC and the I-T
      arm tilt toward the filament axis and rotate around the Tm axis by approximately
      20 degrees upon Ca(2+) binding.

PMID- 18155234
TI  - A new twist in TCR diversity revealed by a forbidden alphabeta TCR.
AB  - We report crystal structures of a negatively selected T cell receptor (TCR) that
      recognizes two I-A(u)-restricted myelin basic protein peptides and one of its
      peptide/major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) ligands. Unusual complementarity
      determining region (CDR) structural features revealed by our analyses identify a
      previously unrecognized mechanism by which the highly variable CDR3 regions
      define ligand specificity. In addition to the pMHC contact residues contributed
      by CDR3, the CDR3 residues buried deep within the V alpha/V beta interface exert
      indirect effects on recognition by influencing the V alpha/V beta interdomain
      angle. This phenomenon represents an additional mechanism for increasing the
      potential diversity of the TCR repertoire. Both the direct and indirect effects
      exerted by CDR residues can impact global TCR/MHC docking. Analysis of the
      available TCR structures in light of these results highlights the significance of
      the V alpha/V beta interdomain angle in determining specificity and indicates
      that TCR/pMHC interface features do not distinguish autoimmune from non
      autoimmune class II-restricted TCRs.

PMID- 18155237
TI  - Oxidation-sensitive residues mediate the DNA bending abilities of the
      architectural MC1 protein.
AB  - The Methanosarcina thermophila MC1 protein is a small basic protein that is able
      to bend DNA sharply. When this protein is submitted to oxidative stress through
      gamma irradiation, it loses its original DNA interaction properties. The protein
      can still bind DNA but its ability to bend DNA is decreased dramatically. Here,
      we used different approaches to determine the oxidations that are responsible for
      this inactivation. Through a combination of proteolysis and mass spectrometry we
      have identified the three residues that are oxidized preferentially. We show by
      site directed mutagenesis that two of these residues, Trp74 and Met75, are
      involved in the DNA binding. Their substitution by alanine leads to a strong
      reduction in the protein capacity to bend DNA, and a total loss of its ability to
      recognize bent DNA. Taken together, these results show that oxidation of both
      these residues is responsible for the protein inactivation. Furthermore, the
      results confirm the strong relationship between DNA bending and recognition of
      DNA sequences by the MC1 protein.

PMID- 18155236
TI  - Nucleotide-mediated conformational changes of monomeric actin and Arp3 studied by
      molecular dynamics simulations.
AB  - Members of the actin family of proteins exhibit different biochemical properties
      when ATP, ADP-P(i), ADP, or no nucleotide is bound. We used molecular dynamics
      simulations to study the effect of nucleotides on the behavior of actin and actin
      related protein 3 (Arp3). In all of the actin simulations, the nucleotide cleft
      stayed closed, as in most crystal structures. ADP was much more mobile within the
      cleft than ATP, despite the fact that both nucleotides adopt identical
      conformations in actin crystal structures. The nucleotide cleft of Arp3 opened in
      most simulations with ATP, ADP, and no bound nucleotide. Deletion of a C-terminal
      region of Arp3 that extends beyond the conserved actin sequence reduced the
      tendency of the Arp3 cleft to open. When the Arp3 cleft opened, we observed
      multiple instances of partial release of the nucleotide. Cleft opening in Arp3
      also allowed us to observe correlated movements of the phosphate clamp, cleft
      mouth, and barbed-end groove, providing a way for changes in the nucleotide state
      to be relayed to other parts of Arp3. The DNase binding loop of actin was highly
      flexible regardless of the nucleotide state. The conformation of Ser14/Thr14 in
      the P1 loop was sensitive to the presence of the gamma-phosphate, but other
      changes observed in crystal structures were not correlated with the nucleotide
      state on nanosecond timescales. The divalent cation occupied three positions in
      the nucleotide cleft, one of which was not previously observed in actin or Arp2/3
      complex structures. In sum, these simulations show that subtle differences in
      structures of actin family proteins have profound effects on their nucleotide
      driven behavior.

PMID- 18155238
TI  - X-ray structure of Candida antarctica lipase A shows a novel lid structure and a
      likely mode of interfacial activation.
AB  - In nature, lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to form
      glycerol and fatty acids. Under the appropriate conditions, the reaction is
      reversible, and so biotechnological applications commonly make use of their
      capacity for esterification as well as for hydrolysis of a wide variety of
      compounds. In the present paper, we report the X-ray structure of lipase A from
      Candida antarctica, solved by single isomorphous replacement with anomalous
      scattering, and refined to 2.2-A resolution. The structure is the first from a
      novel family of lipases. Contrary to previous predictions, the fold includes a
      well-defined lid as well as a classic alpha/beta hydrolase domain. The catalytic
      triad is identified as Ser184, Asp334 and His366, which follow the sequential
      order considered to be characteristic of lipases; the serine lies within a
      typical nucleophilic elbow. Computer docking studies, as well as comparisons to
      related structures, place the carboxylate group of a fatty acid product near the
      serine nucleophile, with the long lipid tail closely following the path through
      the lid that is marked by a fortuitously bound molecule of polyethylene glycol.
      For an ester substrate to bind in an equivalent fashion, loop movements near
      Phe431 will be required, suggesting the primary focus of the conformational
      changes required for interfacial activation. Such movements will provide
      virtually unlimited access to solvent for the alcohol moiety of an ester
      substrate. The structure thus provides a basis for understanding the enzyme's
      preference for acyl moieties with long, straight tails, and for its highly
      promiscuous acceptance of widely different alcohol and amine moieties. An
      unconventional oxyanion hole is observed in the present structure, although the
      situation may change during interfacial activation.

PMID- 18155239
TI  - Structural determinants of glutathione transferases with azathioprine activity
      identified by DNA shuffling of alpha class members.
AB  - A library of alpha class glutathione transferases (GSTs), composed of chimeric
      enzymes derived from human (A1-1, A2-2 and A3-3), bovine (A1-1) and rat (A2-2 and
      A3-3) cDNA sequences was constructed by the method of DNA shuffling. The GST
      variants were screened in bacterial lysates for activity with the
      immunosuppressive agent azathioprine, a prodrug that is transformed into its
      active form, 6-mercaptopurine, by reaction with the tripeptide glutathione
      catalyzed by GSTs. Important structural determinants for activity with
      azathioprine were recognized by means of primary structure analysis and
      activities of purified enzymes chosen from the screening. The amino acid
      sequences could be divided into 23 exchangeable segments on the basis of the
      primary structures of 45 chosen clones. Segments 2, 20, 21, and 22 were
      identified as primary determinants of the azathioprine activity representing two
      of the regions forming the substrate-binding H-site. Segments 21 and 22 are
      situated in the C-terminal helix characterizing alpha class GSTs, which is
      instrumental in their catalytic function. The study demonstrates the power of DNA
      shuffling in identifying segments of primary structure that are important for
      catalytic activity with a targeted substrate. GSTs in combination with
      azathioprine have potential as selectable markers for use in gene therapy.
      Knowledge of activity-determining segments in the structure is valuable in the
      protein engineering of glutathione transferase for enhanced or suppressed
      activity.

PMID- 18155240
TI  - Ordered multi-site phosphorylation of the splicing factor ASF/SF2 by SRPK1.
AB  - The human alternative splicing factor ASF/SF2, an SR (serine-arginine-rich)
      protein involved in mRNA splicing control, is activated by the multisite
      phosphorylation of its C-terminal RS domain, a segment containing numerous
      arginine-serine dipeptide repeats. The protein kinase responsible for this
      modification, SR-specific protein kinase 1 (SRPK1), catalyzes the selective
      phosphorylation of approximately a dozen serines in only the N-terminal portion
      of the RS domain (RS1). To gain insights into the nature of selective phosphate
      incorporation in ASF/SF2, region-specific phosphorylation in the RS domain was
      monitored as a function of reaction progress. Arg-to-Lys mutations were made at
      several positions to produce unique protease cleavage sites that separate the RS
      domain into identifiable N- and C-terminal phosphopeptides upon treatment with
      lysyl endoproteinase. These studies reveal that SRPK1 docks near the C-terminus
      of the RS1 segment and then moves in an N-terminal direction along the RS domain.
      Multiple quadruple Ser-to-Ala and deletion mutations did not disrupt the
      phosphorylation of other sites regardless of position, suggesting that the active
      site of SRPK1 docks in a flexible manner at the center of the RS domain. Taken
      together, these data suggest that SRPK1 uses a unique 'grab-and-pull' mechanism
      to control the regiospecific phosphorylation of its protein substrate.

PMID- 18155241
TI  - Architecture and assembly of poly-SUMO chains on PCNA in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - Posttranslational modifications of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the
      eukaryotic processivity clamp for DNA polymerases, regulate the pathways by which
      replication problems are resolved. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
      ubiquitylation of PCNA in response to DNA damage facilitates the replicative
      bypass of lesions, whereas conjugation of the ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)
      prevents unscheduled crossover events during S phase. We have analyzed the SUMO
      modification pattern of budding yeast PCNA in vivo and in vitro and found that
      most aspects of our in vitro sumoylation reactions reflect the situation under
      physiological conditions. We show that two oligomeric SUMO chains of two to three
      moieties each, linked via internal sumoylation consensus motifs within the SUMO
      sequence, are assembled on PCNA. The SUMO-specific ligase Siz1 both stimulates
      the overall efficiency of sumoylation and selects the modification site on PCNA.
      Furthermore, ubiquitin and SUMO chains are assembled independently, and we found
      evidence that both modifiers can coexist in vivo on a common PCNA subunit. Our
      results demonstrate for the first time the in vivo assembly of polymeric SUMO
      chains of defined linkage on a physiological substrate in yeast, but they also
      indicate that SUMO-SUMO polymers are dispensable for PCNA(SUMO) function in
      replication and recombination.

PMID- 18155242
TI  - Determination of electrostatic interaction energies and protonation state
      populations in enzyme active sites.
AB  - The pH-dependence of the NMR chemical shift for titratable groups in proteins
      often deviate from a standard Henderson-Hasselbalch (HH) titration curve. A non
      HH dependence of the chemical shift for a given residue can arise from a single
      site, non-HH titrational event for that residue, or if the chemical shift of the
      group is influenced by additional titrational events occurring in other residues.
      We show that simultaneous fits of several non-HH NMR titration curves of
      interacting protein residues to a statistical mechanical model can be used to
      distinguish between these two cases. From fitting of non-HH titrations, we can
      extract electrostatic interaction energies between protein residues. Furthermore,
      by performing simultaneous fits of NMR titration curves and enzymatic pH-activity
      profiles, we can gain information on the identity and populations of the
      catalytically competent protonation states in enzymes. We apply the global
      fitting of titrational events (GloFTE) method to experimental data on five enzyme
      systems and on a single non-enzyme system, and show that the extracted
      electrostatic interaction energies and effective dielectric constants for a
      subset of these systems agree excellently with experimentally determined values
      as well as with theoretical calculations. In the case of reduced Escherichia coli
      thioredoxin we use GloFTE analysis to distinguish between two possible
      interpretations of the NMR titration curves of the active site residues. We also
      show that for the strongly coupled system of titratable groups in the active site
      of the Bacillus circulans xylanase (BCX) N35D mutant, GloFTE fits of a single
      titration curve and an enzymatic pH-activity profile can give a full description
      of the energetics of the titrational events in the enzyme's active site. Using
      only the X-ray crystallographic structure of the enzyme and the electrostatic
      interaction energies extracted from such a GloFTE fit, we can uniquely identify
      the three catalytic groups in this system. This raises the prospect of completely
      characterising active site titrational events from a single unassigned NMR
      titration curve and an enzymatic pH-activity profile.

PMID- 18155243
TI  - Crystal structure of Aspergillus niger isopullulanase, a member of glycoside
      hydrolase family 49.
AB  - An isopullulanase (IPU) from Aspergillus niger ATCC9642 hydrolyzes alpha-1,4
      glucosidic linkages of pullulan to produce isopanose. Although IPU does not
      hydrolyze dextran, it is classified into glycoside hydrolase family 49 (GH49),
      major members of which are dextran-hydrolyzing enzymes. IPU is highly
      glycosylated, making it difficult to obtain its crystal. We used endoglycosidase
      H(f) to cleave the N-linked oligosaccharides of IPU, and we here determined the
      unliganded and isopanose-complexed forms of IPU, both solved at 1.7-A resolution.
      IPU is composed of domains N and C joined by a short linker, with electron
      density maps for 11 or 12 N-acetylglucosamine residues per molecule. Domain N
      consists of 13 beta-strands and forms a beta-sandwich. Domain C, where the active
      site is located, forms a right-handed beta-helix, and the lengths of the pitches
      of each coil of the beta-helix are similar to those of GH49 dextranase and GH28
      polygalacturonase. The entire structure of IPU resembles that of a GH49 enzyme,
      Penicillium minioluteum dextranase (Dex49A), despite a difference in substrate
      specificity. Compared with the active sites of IPU and Dex49A, the amino acid
      residues participating in subsites +2 and +3 are not conserved, and the glucose
      residues of isopanose bound to IPU completely differ in orientation from the
      corresponding glucose residues of isomaltose bound to Dex49A. The shape of the
      catalytic cleft characterized by the seventh coil of the beta-helix and a loop
      from domain N appears to be critical in determining the specificity of IPU for
      pullulan.

PMID- 18155245
TI  - Differential recognition of phosphorylated transactivation domains of p53 by
      different p300 domains.
AB  - Histone acetyltransferases form crucial links in transducing extrinsic signals to
      actual initiation of transcription. A multitude of stress signal integrations
      occur through the interaction of p300 with p53 phosphorylated at different
      residues of the transactivation domain. How such interactions activate different
      gene expression programs remains largely unknown. p300 contains at least five
      domains that are known to interact with p53, but their role in transcription
      regulation is not known. We measured the binding affinity of various
      phosphorylated transactivation domains towards several p53 binding domains of
      p300 by fluorescence anisotropy. The binding affinities of different
      phosphorylated transactivation domains of p53 towards different domains of p300
      vary by several orders of magnitude, indicating that interactions of different
      post-translationally modified forms of p53 may occur through different domains of
      p300. Thus, different post-translationally modified p53 fragments may form
      transcription-initiating complexes of different configurations, leading to the
      activation of different promoters and pathways.

PMID- 18155244
TI  - K+/Na+ selectivity in K channels and valinomycin: over-coordination versus cavity
      size constraints.
AB  - Potassium channels and valinomycin molecules share the exquisite ability to
      select K(+) over Na(+). Highly selective K channels maintain a special local
      environment around their binding sites devoid of competing hydrogen bond donor
      groups, which enables spontaneous transfer of K(+) from states of low
      coordinations in water into states of over-coordination by eight carbonyl
      ligands. In such a phase-activated state, electrostatic interactions from these 8
      fold binding sites, constrained to maintain high coordinations, result in
      K(+)/Na(+) selectivity with no need for a specific cavity size. Under such
      conditions, however, direct coordination from five or six carbonyl ligands does
      not result in selectivity. Yet, valinomycin molecules achieve selectivity by
      providing only six carbonyl ligands. Does valinomycin use additional coordinating
      ligands from the solvent or does it have special structural features not present
      in K channels? Quantum chemical investigations undertaken here demonstrate that
      valinomycin selectivity is due to cavity size constraints that physically prevent
      it from collapsing onto the smaller sodium ion. Valinomycin enforces these
      constraints by using a combination of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and other
      structural features, including its specific ring size and the spacing between its
      connected ligands. Results of these investigations provide a consistent
      explanation for the experimental data available for the ion-complexation
      properties of valinomycin in solvents of varying polarity. Together,
      investigations of these two systems reveal how nature, despite being popular for
      its parsimony in recycling functional motifs, can use different combinations of
      phase, coordination number, cavity size, and rigidity (constraints) to achieve
      K(+)/Na(+) selectivity.

PMID- 18155246
TI  - Threonine 429 of Escherichia coli sigma 70 is a key participant in promoter DNA
      melting by RNA polymerase.
AB  - Initiation of transcription is an important target for regulation of gene
      expression. In bacteria, the formation of a transcription-competent complex
      between RNA polymerase and a promoter involves DNA strand separation over a
      stretch of about 14 base pairs. Aromatic and basic residues in conserved region
      2.3 of Escherichia coli sigma(70) had been found to participate in this process,
      but it is still unclear which amino acid residues initiate it. Here we report an
      essential role for threonine (T) at position 429 of sigma(70): its substitution
      by alanine (T429A) results in the largest decrease in open complex formation yet
      observed for any single substitution in region 2.3. Promoter recognition itself
      is not affected by T429A substitution, thus providing evidence for a role of T429
      in the strand-separation step. Our data are consistent with a model where the
      T429 would act as a competitor for the hydrogen bonding that stabilizes the
      highly conserved -11A-T base pairs of the promoter DNA, thus facilitating
      initiation of strand separation at this particular position in the -10 region.
      This model suggests an active role for RNA polymerase in disrupting the -11 base
      pair, rather than just capturing the -11A subsequent to spontaneous unpairing.

PMID- 18155248
TI  - Morphine postconditioning protects against reperfusion injury in the isolated rat
      hearts.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Postconditioning is a novel strategy of attaining cardioprotection.
      Previous studies have suggested morphine mimics the effects of ischemic
      preconditioning. Whether it is also capable of producing postconditioning or not
      is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) whether morphine
      postconditioning (MPostcond) would protect the heart against reperfusion injury
      and the subtype(s) of opioid receptors (OR) involved, (2) whether combining
      MPostcond with morphine preconditioning (MPC) would afford additive
      cardioprotection, and (3) to evaluate the role mitochondrial adenosine
      triphosphate-sensitive potassium (mito-K atp) channel played in MPostcond.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isolated perfused rat hearts were subjected to 45 min of
      ischemia followed by 1 h of reperfusion. First, three morphine concentrations
      (0.3, 3.0 and 30 microM) were used to study the protective effect of MPostcond.
      Second, the effect of blockade of OR subtypes by three antagonists (nonselective
      OR antagonist naloxone, kappa-OR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine, and delta-OR
      antagonist naltrindole) on MPostcond was investigated. Third, the protective
      effects of MPC, MPostcond and the combining MPC with MPostcond on reperfusion
      injury were compared. Last, the effect of blockade of mito-K atp by 5
      hydroxydecanoate on MPostcond was studied. MPostcond was induced by a 10-min
      perfusion of morphine in Krebs-Ringer's solution performed at the onset of
      reperfusion, and MPC was produced by a 20-min perfusion of morphine 10 min before
      ischemia. Infarct size (IS/AAR, as a percentage of the area at risk) was
      determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium staining. RESULTS: IS/AAR was
      significantly reduced after MPostcond from 58% +/- 8% (control) to 37% +/- 6%
      (morphine 3.0 microM, P < 0.01). This effect was abolished by coadministering
      naloxone (58% +/- 7%), nor-binaltorphimine (52% +/- 5%), but not naltrindole (34%
      +/- 5%). MPC and MPostcond had similar extent of protective effect on IS/AAR, and
      combining MPC with MPostcond did not afford further cardiprotection. 5
      Hydroxydecanoate also abolished the cardioprotection of MPostcond. Unexpectedly,
      all three OR antagonists and 5-hydroxydecanoate themselves also afforded some
      extent of cardioprotection. CONCLUSIONS: MPost confers cardioprotection via
      activating kappa-OR but not delta-OR and opening mito-K atp channels. MPost and
      MPC have no additive protection. kappa-OR and mito-K atp channel may play a dual
      role in protecting ischemia-reperfusion injury.

PMID- 18155247
TI  - Effects of medications on plasma amyloid beta (Abeta) 42: longitudinal data from
      the VITA cohort.
AB  - In the course of cognitive deterioration leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) the
      increase of amyloid beta (Abeta42) in cerebrospinal fluid or plasma might be an
      initial event. We previously reported about the associations between concomitant
      medication and plasma Abeta42 levels in the non-demented population cohort of the
      Vienna transdanube aging study at baseline. In the present study, the
      longitudinal influence of insulin, gingko biloba, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
      drugs (NSAIDs), oral anti-diabetics (sulfonylurea and biguanides), estrogens,
      fibrates, and statins on plasma Abeta42 are presented. Associated with medial
      temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), users of insulin showed significantly increased
      levels of Abeta42. Long-term users of gingko biloba, independent of their MTA,
      had significantly decreased plasma Abeta42 and the age-dependent increase of
      plasma Abeta42 was significantly smaller in long-term gingko biloba treated
      subjects. The use of fibrates also decreased plasma Abeta42 levels. In multiple
      testing considering interactions between medications, gender, APOE-epsilon4
      presence and creatinine, insulin long-term users again showed significantly
      increased levels; fibrate and gingko biloba users showed a trend to rather
      decreased plasma Abeta42 levels compared to the non-users (p=0.05-0.08). Neither
      statins nor NSAIDs showed a significant effect on plasma Abeta42 in this model.
      Measuring the effect on cognition, no single medication studied was a significant
      predictor of conversion to AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Whether the use
      of gingko biloba might prevent the conversion to MCI or AD needs to be proven in
      prospective, clinical trials.

PMID- 18155249
TI  - Matrix metalloproteinases in critical limb ischemia.
AB  - Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is most commonly the result of arterial occlusive
      disease, specifically atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture within the
      infrainguinal arteries. The physiological response to CLI is partial limb
      reperfusion via the distinct processes of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Matrix
      metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellular matrix-remodeling enzymes that play
      an important role in both the occlusion and reperfusion processes associated with
      CLI. This article provides a review of the recent literature, summarizing the
      current understanding of the role of MMPs in both the arterial occlusion and limb
      reperfusion associated with CLI. Specifically, the functions of MMPs in
      atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis are discussed.

PMID- 18155250
TI  - Feasibility of new heating method of hepatic parenchyma using a sintered MgFe2O4
      needle under an alternating magnetic field.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Magnetic metal particles such as magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) induce
      heat energy under an alternating magnetic field that was produced by electric
      current. We have developed a new heating device using a sintered MgFe2O4 needle
      under an alternating magnetic field. This device can repeatedly heat target
      tissue at lower temperatures than that for radiofrequency ablation therapy. This
      study aims to assess whether the new heating device has the ability to heat rat
      liver tissue. METHOD: A small needle made from MgFe2O4 particles was prepared by
      sintering at 1100 degrees C and inserted into rat liver tissue. The rat liver was
      then heated under an alternating magnetic field, 4 kA/m, for 30 min. We measured
      the temperature of rat tissue during the heat treatment, and sequentially
      evaluated histological changes and hepatocyte cellular activity after heat
      stimulus by using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase staining and
      terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining.
      RESULTS: The mean temperature of the liver tissue during heating was 60.7 +/- 1.1
      degrees C. Immediately after heating, nuclei of the hepatocytes were hyper
      chromatin, with hepatocytes negative for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      diaphorase activity in the heat-injury area. The injury area spread progressively
      until 3 d after heating, when the area was surrounded by fibroblasts, with
      hepatocytes positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick
      end labeling staining. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first time that a ferromagnetic
      metal heating device under an alternating magnetic field has achieved a
      temperature beyond 60 degrees C and led hepatocytes to complete cell death. This
      device would be of future use as a local heat-treatment for human liver cancer.

PMID- 18155252
TI  - Dynamics of an HBV model with diffusion and delay.
AB  - In this paper we model and analyze the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a
      diffusion model confined to a finite domain, induced by intracellular time delay
      between infection of a cell and production of new virus particles. The
      equilibrium solutions are obtained and the stability is analyzed if the space is
      assumed as homogeneous. When the space is inhomogeneous, the effects of diffusion
      and intracellular time delay are obtained by computer simulations.

PMID- 18155251
TI  - Intrahepatic venous collaterals formation following outflow block in adult-to
      adult living donor liver transplantation.
AB  - A right liver graft without the middle hepatic vein (MHV) trunk is now commonly
      used in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), but it is
      unclear whether hepatic venous collaterals would develop in clinical patient just
      after occlusion of hepatic veins. Between January 2005 and October 2006, 56
      consecutive adult patients underwent LDLT using right lobe grafts without MHV in
      our center. Twenty-four patients (42.9%) had MHV tributaries reconstruction.
      Vascular flow in the graft and interposition vein graft patency was checked by
      Doppler ultrasonography (US) daily during hospital stay and monthly follow-up
      after discharge for 2 y. Among 24 cases with MHV reconstruction, interpositional
      graft block occurred in one case within 7 d after transplantation. A reversed
      flow in MHV tributaries and collaterals between MHV and right hepatic vein (RHV)
      was detected by Doppler US. Vessel graft blocks were found in 10 of 22 cases of
      MHV tributaries reconstruction between 4 to 9 mo after transplantation.
      Collaterals formation between MHV and RHV developed in 4 of 10 cases of vessel
      graft block, and their graft function did not deteriorate. In conclusion, nearly
      half of the patients needed reconstruction of MHV tributaries when a right lobe
      graft without MHV was used in LDLT. The authors thought that the reconstruction
      of MHV tributaries should be established when the congested area was dominant by
      the clamping test or when the diameter of the tributaries was >5 mm. It was found
      that there may not be any problems if reconstructed vessel graft obstruction was
      found 3 mo after transplantation, as intrahepatic venous collaterals between MHV
      and RHV could develop.

PMID- 18155253
TI  - OGG1 expression and OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and risk of lung cancer in a
      prospective study.
AB  - Oxidative DNA damage is believed to be implicated in lung carcinogenesis. 8-OxodG
      is a mutagenic and abundant oxidative modification induced in DNA. OGG1, NEIL1
      and MUTYH are all involved in the repair and prevention of 8-oxodG-derived
      mutations and may be up-regulated by oxidative stress. The polymorphism OGG1
      Ser326Cys has in some studies been associated with risk of lung cancer. In a
      population-based cohort of 57,053 Danes, we examined associations between mRNA
      levels of OGG1, NEIL1, MUTYH and NUDT in buffy coat material and subsequent lung
      cancer risk. 260 cases with lung cancer were identified and a sub-cohort of 263
      individuals was matched on sex, age and smoking duration. We found that OGG1 mRNA
      levels in healthy individuals were not associated with risk of subsequent getting
      lung cancer. However, subjects with the OGG1 Cys326/Cys326 genotype had a higher
      expression level of OGG1 mRNA than wildtype-allele carriers. For homozygous
      Cys326 carriers, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) was 1.51 (95% CI: 1.09-2.08) for
      a doubling of the OGG1 mRNA level and there was a statistically significant
      interaction between the genotype and mRNA level. Among never-smokers, the IRR was
      4.29 (1.09-16.9) per doubling of the OGG1 mRNA level, which was not found among
      smokers. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between OGG1 mRNA
      expression and urinary excretion of 8-oxodG (RS=0.18; p<0.005). NUDT1 mRNA levels
      were omitted due to low and unreliable expression levels. The results suggest
      that OGG1 mRNA levels should be regarded as a biomarker of exposure to oxidative
      stress with induction of DNA rather than a marker of inborn DNA repair capacity.

PMID- 18155254
TI  - Prefrontal contributions to domain-general executive control processes during
      temporal context retrieval.
AB  - Neuroimaging studies have reported increased prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity
      during temporal context retrieval versus recognition memory. However, it remains
      unclear if these activations reflect PFC contributions to domain-general
      executive control processes or domain-specific retrieval processes. To gain a
      better understanding of the functional roles of these various PFC regions during
      temporal context retrieval we propose it is necessary to examine PFC activity
      across tasks from different domains, in which parallel manipulations are included
      targeting specific cognitive processes. In the current fMRI study, we examined
      domain-general and domain-specific PFC contributions to temporal context
      retrieval by increasing stimulus (but maintaining response number) and increasing
      response number (but maintaining stimulus number) across temporal context memory
      and ordering control tasks, for faces. The control task required subjects to
      order faces from youngest to oldest. Our behavioral results indicate that the
      combination of increased stimulus and response numbers significantly increased
      task difficulty for temporal context retrieval and ordering tasks. Across
      domains, increasing stimulus number, while maintaining response numbers, caused
      greater right lateral premotor cortex (BA 6/8) activity; whereas increasing
      response number, while maintaining stimulus number, caused greater domain-general
      left DLPFC (BA 9) and VLPFC (BA 44/45) activity. In addition, we found domain
      specific right DLPFC (BA 9) activity only during retrieval events. These results
      highlight the functional heterogeneity of frontal cortex, and suggest its
      involvement in temporal context retrieval is related to its role in various
      cognitive control processes.

PMID- 18155255
TI  - Impaired memory for scenes but not faces in developmental hippocampal amnesia: a
      case study.
AB  - Item recognition for unfamiliar faces and scenes was tested in Jon, who has
      developmental amnesia resulting from bilateral hippocampal pathology. Performance
      and confidence judgements in healthy adults showed that both tests were equated
      for difficulty and had similar receiver operating characteristics (ROCs). Jon's
      performance on the faces test was indistinguishable from the controls, in both
      sensitivity and the shape of the ROC curve. In contrast his performance on the
      scenes test was markedly poor, and his ROC was inconsistent with both a standard
      dual process (DP; recollection and familiarity) model and an unequal variance
      signal detection model of recognition memory. Jon's data were as well fitted as
      controls' data by a DP model that included two recollection parameters, but
      required counter-intuitive parameter values corresponding to normal recollection
      and impaired familiarity, which likely reflect an idiosyncratic use of confidence
      judgements when his memory for the material is weak. The results highlight a
      limitation in using ROCs to estimate recollection and familiarity in patients who
      may have developed compensatory strategies for material that they have difficulty
      remembering (scenes, but not faces in this case). Overall, these data are
      difficult to reconcile with domain-general accounts of the hippocampal role in
      memory, including dual process models and the declarative model. Instead, the
      data indicate that the hippocampus plays a preferential role in the processing of
      topographical memoranda over faces memoranda.

PMID- 18155256
TI  - Neuroanatomical specificity of conditioned responses to cocaine versus food in
      mice.
AB  - Neural circuits implicated in drug conditioning, craving and relapse overlap
      extensively with those involved in natural reward and reinforcement. To determine
      whether specificity could be detected in conditioned brain responses to drugs
      versus food, male outbred HSD:ICR mice were conditioned to a common environment
      using either 20 mg/kg cocaine (ip) or a familiar food (under food restriction).
      The mice were then re-exposed to the same environment without the reinforcer and
      patterns of brain activation were compared using immunohistochemical detection of
      Fos. Conditioned place preference tests were conducted first to establish
      relative potency of each reward and facilitate analysis of correlations between
      Fos and motivation. Place preference was stronger for cocaine than food. Food-
      but not cocaine-paired cues increased Fos in the paraventricular hypothalamic
      nucleus whereas the opposite occurred for prefrontal, cingulate and piriform
      cortices. Individual differences in cocaine place preference were negatively
      correlated with Fos in the prefrontal cortex. One difference between drugs and
      natural reinforcers may be lack of feedback from the periphery for drugs which
      may circumvent control from the hypothalamus in the development of reinforcement
      circuits.

PMID- 18155259
TI  - Amide-esters from Aglaia tenuicaulis--first representatives of a class of
      compounds structurally related to bisamides and flavaglines.
AB  - Six amide-esters and two sulphur-containing bisamides were isolated from the
      leaves, stem and root bark of Aglaia tenuicaulis together with two bisamides from
      the leaves of A. spectabilis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic
      methods. The co-occurrence of amide-esters and bisamides suggests close
      biosynthetic connections replacing only one nitrogen atom of putrescine with
      oxygen. Putrescine appears to be the common building block linked to various
      acids from which the cinnamoyl moiety represents the prerequisite for an
      incorporation of bisamides into flavaglines. Corresponding amide-esters are
      apparently not incorporated, but closely related amide-alcohol derivatives were
      found as part of benzopyran and benzofuran flavaglines. The structure of a amide
      alcohol is described, representing an artifact due to hydrolysis of an amide
      ester during TLC purification. A hypothetical amide-amine building block is
      suggested to form the characteristic pyrimidinone structures only found in
      benzofuran flavaglines. Structural and biosynthetic connections between amide
      esters, bisamides and flavaglines are discussed and the chemotaxonomic
      significance of accumulating specific derivatives within the genus Aglaia is
      highlighted.

PMID- 18155257
TI  - Pharmacotherapeutic targeting of the endocannabinoid signaling system: drugs for
      obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
AB  - Endogenous signaling lipids ("endocannabinoids") functionally related to Delta(9)
      tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive ingredient of marijuana (Cannabis), are
      important biomediators and metabolic regulators critical to mammalian
      (patho)physiology. The growing family of endocannabinoids, along with
      endocannabinoid biosynthetic and inactivating enzymes, transporters, and at least
      two membrane-bound, G-protein coupled receptors, comprise collectively the
      mammalian endocannabinoid signaling system. The ubiquitous and diverse regulatory
      actions of the endocannabinoid system in health and disease have supported the
      regulatory approval of natural products and synthetic agents as drugs that alter
      endocannabinoid-system activity. More recent data support the concept that the
      endocananbinoid system may be modulated for therapeutic gain at discrete
      pharmacological targets with safety and efficacy. Potential medications based on
      the endocannabinoid system have thus become a central focus of contemporary
      translational research for varied indications with important unmet medical needs.
      One such indication, obesity, is a global pandemic whose etiology has a
      pathogenic component of endocannabinoid-system hyperactivity and for which
      current pharmacological treatment is severely limited. Application of high
      affinity, selective CB1 cannabinoid receptor ligands to attenuate endocannabinoid
      signaling represents a state-of-the-art approach for improving obesity
      pharmacotherapy. To this intent, several selective CB1 receptor antagonists with
      varied chemical structures are currently in advanced preclinical or clinical
      trials, and one (rimonabant) has been approved as a weight-management drug in
      some markets. Emerging preclinical data suggest that CB1 receptor neutral
      antagonists may represent breakthrough medications superior to
      antagonists/inverse agonists such as rimonabant for therapeutic attenuation of
      CB1 receptor transmission. Since obesity is a predisposing condition for the
      cluster of cardiovascular and metabolic derangements collectively known as the
      metabolic syndrome, effective endocannabinoid-modulatory anti-obesity
      therapeutics would also help redress other major health problems including type-2
      diabetes, atherothrombosis, inflammation, and immune disorders. Pressing
      worldwide healthcare needs and increasing appreciation of endocannabinoid biology
      make the rational design and refinement of targeted CB1 receptor modulators a
      promising route to future medications with significant therapeutic impact against
      overweight, obesity, obesity-related cardiometabolic dysregulation, and, more
      generally, maladies having a reward-supported appetitive component.

PMID- 18155258
TI  - Anti-inflammatory 5-(11'Z-heptadecenyl)- and 5-(8'Z,11'Z-heptadecadienyl)
      resorcinols from mango (Mangifera indica L.) peels.
AB  - Bioassay directed extraction and purification of mango peels revealed the 5-(11'Z
      heptadecenyl)-resorcinol (1) and the known 5-(8'Z,11'Z-heptadecadienyl)
      resorcinol (2) previously not described in Mangifera indica L. The structures of
      both compounds were determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR studies and MS. Both
      compounds exhibited potent cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity
      with IC(50) values ranging from 1.9 (2) to 3.5 microM (1) and from 3.5 (2) to 4.4
      (1) microM, respectively, coming close to the IC(50) values of reference drugs. 5
      Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) catalyzed leukotriene formation was only slightly inhibited.
      Structure-activity studies by referring to synthetic saturated homologues
      indicated that the degree of unsaturation in the alkyl chain plays a key role for
      COX inhibitory activity, whereas the influence of chain length was less
      significant.

PMID- 18155260
TI  - Nonenolides and cytochalasins with phytotoxic activity against Cirsium arvense
      and Sonchus arvensis: a structure-activity relationships study.
AB  - A structure-activity relationships study was conducted assaying 15 natural
      analogues and derivatives belonging to two groups of organic compounds,
      nonenolides and cytochalasins, for their toxicity against the composite perennial
      weeds Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis occurring through the temperate region
      of world. The toxic nonenolides (stagonolide, putaminoxin, pinolidoxin) and
      cytochalasins (deoxaphomin, cytochalasins A, B, F, T, Z2 and Z3) were isolated
      from phytopathogenic Stagonospora, Phoma and Ascochyta spp. The pinolidoxin (7,8
      O,O'-diacetyl- and 7,8-O,O'-isopropylidene-pinolidoxin) and cytochalasins B
      (21,22-dihydro-, 7-O-acetyl- and 7,20-O,O'-diacetyl-cytochalasin B) derivatives
      were obtained by chemical modifications of the corresponding toxins. Among the 15
      compounds tested, stagonolide and deoxaphomin proved to be the most phytotoxic to
      C. arvense and S. arvensis leaves, respectively. The tested phytotoxic
      nonenolides were stronger inhibitors of photosynthesis in C. arvense leaves than
      cytochalasines A and B. Stagonolide had less effect on membrane permeability in
      C. arvense leaves than cytochalasin B. Significant changes of light absorption by
      C. arvense leaves in visible and infrared spectra were caused by stagonolide. The
      functional groups and the conformational freedom of the ring, appear to be
      important structural features for the nonenolides toxicity, whereas and the
      presence of the hydroxy group at C-7, the functional group at C-20 and the
      conformational freedom of the macrocyclic ring are important for the
      cytochalasins toxicity.

PMID- 18155261
TI  - Comparison of blood serum proteins in water buffaloes with traumatic
      reticuloperitonitis and sequellae.
AB  - In this study, 73 cows with different types of traumatic reticuloperitonitis
      (TRP) and sequellae along with 25 healthy buffalo cows were used to evaluate the
      total blood serum protein and protein electrophoresis. According to rumenotomy or
      necropsy findings, the affected buffalo cows were classified into acute local TRP
      (AL-TRP), chronic local TRP (CL-TRP), reticular abscess (RA), acute diffuse TRP
      (AD-TRP), purulent pericarditis (PPC) and fibrinous pericarditis (FPC).
      Polyclonal gammopathy was characteristic for the electrophoretogram of buffalo
      cows with CL-TRP (55%), RA (61.1%) and PPC (62.5%). Various degrees of
      hypoalbuminaemia, hyper-alpha-globulinaemia and low A/G ratios were the
      associated changes in all cases of TRP and sequellae. Hyper-beta-globulinaemia
      was noticed in cases with CL-TRP, RA and PPC. Hyper-gamma-globulinaemia was
      evident in cases with AL-TRP, CL-TRP, RA and PPC. Hyperproteinaemia was noticed
      in buffalo cows with local complications of TRP including AL-TRP, CL-TRP and RA.
      Hypoproteinaemia associated with severe hypoalbuminaemia (>50% reduction compared
      to controls) and very low A/G ratios (<0.4) characterized buffalo cows with AD
      TRP, PPC or FPC. In conclusion, the concentrations and electrophoretic patterns
      of serum proteins in buffaloes differ according to the anatomical location of the
      foreign body and the associated pathological lesions.

PMID- 18155262
TI  - Activation of estrogen receptor signaling by the dioxin-like aryl hydrocarbon
      receptor agonist, 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) in salmon in vitro
      system.
AB  - Available toxicological evidence indicates that environmental contaminants with
      strong affinity to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) have anti-estrogenic
      properties in both mammalian and non-mammalian in vivo and in vitro studies. The
      primary objective of the present study was to investigate the interactions
      between the AhR and estrogen receptor (ER) in salmon in vitro system. Two
      separate experiments were performed and gene expression patterns were analyzed
      using real-time PCR, while protein analysis was done by immunoblotting. Firstly,
      salmon primary hepatocytes were exposed to the dioxin-like PCB126 at 1, 10 and 50
      nM [corrected] and ER agonist nonylphenol (NP) at 5 and 10 microM, singly or in
      combination. Our data showed increased levels of ER-mediated gene expression
      (vitellogenin: Vtg, zona radiata protein: Zr-protein, ERalpha, ERbeta and
      vigilin) as well as increased cellular ERalpha protein levels after treatment
      with NP and PCB126, singly or in combination. PCB126 treatment alone produced, as
      expected, increased transcription of AhR nuclear translocator (Arnt), CYP1A1 and
      AhR repressor (AhRR) mRNA, and these responses were reduced in the presence of NP
      concentrations. PCB126 exposure alone did not produce significant effect on
      AhR2alpha mRNA but increased (at 1 and 50 pM) and decreased (at 10 pM) AhR2beta
      mRNA below control level. For AhR2delta and AhR2gamma isotypes, PCB126 (at 1 nM)
      [corrected] produced significant decreases (total inhibition for AhR2gamma) of
      mRNA levels but was indifferent at 10 and 50 pM, compared to control. NP exposure
      alone produced concentration-dependent significant decrease of AhR2beta mRNA. In
      contrast, while 5 microM NP produced an indifferent effect on AhR2delta and
      AhR2gamma, 10 microM NP produced significant decrease (total inhibition for
      AhR2gamma) and the presence of NP produced apparent PCB126 concentration-specific
      modulation of all AhR isotypes. A second experiment was performed to evaluate the
      involvement of ER isoforms in PCB126 mediated estrogenicity. Here, cells were
      treated with the different concentrations of PCB126, alone or in combination with
      ICI182,780 (ICI) and sampled at 12, 24 and 48 h post-exposure. Our data showed
      that PCB126 produced a time- and concentration-specific increase of ERalpha and
      Vtg expressions and these responses were decreased in the presence of ICI. In
      general, these responses show a direct PCB126 induced transcriptional activation
      of ERalpha and estrogenic responses in the absence of ER agonists. Although not
      conclusive, our findings represent the first study showing the activation of
      estrogenic responses by a dioxin-like PCB in fish in vitro system and resemble
      the "ER-hijacking" hypothesis that was recently proposed. Thus, the direct
      estrogenic actions of PCB126 observed in the present study add new insight on the
      mechanisms of ER-AhR cross-talk, prompting a new wave of discussion on whether
      AhR-mediated anti-estrogenicity is an exception rather than rule of action.

PMID- 18155263
TI  - Genetic changes that affect the virulence of measles virus in a rhesus macaque
      model.
AB  - To identify genetic changes that lead to the attenuation of measles virus (MV), a
      strain of MV that is pathogenic in rhesus macaques was adapted to grow in Vero
      cells, Vero/hSLAM cells and, to simulate the process used to derive live
      attenuated vaccines, in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). Comparison of
      the complete genomic sequences of the pathogenic wild-type (Davis87-wt) and four
      cell culture-adapted strains derived from it showed complete conservation of
      sequence in the Vero/hSLAM-passaged virus. Viruses adapted to Vero cells and CEF
      had predicted amino acid changes in the nucleocapsid protein, phosphoprotein, V
      protein, C protein, matrix protein, and the cytoplasmic tail of the hemagglutinin
      protein. All four cell culture-adapted strains, including the Vero/hSLAM cell
      passaged virus, were able to productively infect Vero cells, but the peak viral
      titers differed. The Vero cell-adapted strains were unable to replicate in
      Chinese Hamster Ovary cells expressing CD46, indicating that they had not adapted
      to use the CD46 receptor. The Vero/hSLAM cell-passaged virus retained
      pathogenicity in rhesus macaques as measured by the appearance of a skin rash
      while the Vero cell-adapted and CEF-adapted strains had lost the ability to cause
      a rash. There were no significant differences in viral titers in peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells among monkeys infected with any of the viral stocks tested.
      These results identify a limited number of genetic changes in the genome of MV
      that lead to attenuation in vivo.

PMID- 18155264
TI  - Selective downmodulation of HLA-A and -B by Nef alleles from different groups of
      primate lentiviruses.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that the HIV-1 NL4-3 and IIIB Nef alleles downregulate
      HLA-A and -B but not -C or -E from the cell surface. It remained elusive,
      however, whether selective modulation of specific HLA molecules is conserved
      between different groups of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses,
      respectively. To address this, we analyzed a large panel of primate lentiviral
      Nef proteins and we found that this property is conserved among nef alleles from
      the M, N and O groups of HIV-1, as well as those from SIVcpz, the precursor of
      HIV-1, and a variety of other highly divergent primate lentiviruses. In
      conclusion, our data indicate that Nef's ability to selectively downregulate HLA
      A and -B alleles to prevent CTL lysis and NK killing of virally infected cells is
      conserved among different primate lentiviral lineages and preceded the zoonotic
      transmission of SIVcpz from chimpanzees to humans.

PMID- 18155266
TI  - Demonstration of nitrogen removal via nitrite in a sequencing batch reactor
      treating domestic wastewater.
AB  - Nitrogen removal via nitrite, as opposed to the traditional nitrate, may be
      beneficial for carbon-limited biological wastewater treatment plants. However,
      reliable termination of nitrification at nitrite (nitritation) has proved
      difficult in the treatment of domestic wastewater. In this study, nitritation was
      attained in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with pre-denitrification treating
      domestic wastewater (total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentration of about 43 mg
      NL(-1)) by aerobic duration control. The aerobic duration control strategy
      terminates aeration upon completion of ammonium oxidation with accumulated
      nitrite still remaining. The SBR was purposefully operated such that the
      influence of other known selection factors for nitritation was absent. The
      process proved effective in achieving a steady state whereby over 80% nitritation
      was sustained. Investigation of the cause of nitritation by a calibrated ammonium
      and nitrite oxidation model showed aerobic duration control as the key factor
      leading to nitritation.

PMID- 18155265
TI  - Amplitude changes in response to target displacements during human eye-head
      movements.
AB  - Sensorimotor adaptation, the ability to adjust motor output in response to
      persistent changes in sensory input, is a key function of the central nervous
      system. Although a great deal is known about vestibulo-ocular reflex and saccadic
      adaptation, relatively little is known about the behavior and neural mechanisms
      underlying gaze adaptation when the head is free to move. In an attempt to
      understand the mechanisms of gaze adaptation, and constrain hypotheses concerning
      the locus at which changes in gaze control may be implemented, we altered the
      size of large, head-unrestrained gaze shifts made to visual targets by
      surrepetitiously moving the visual target forward (30 degrees -->60 degrees ) or
      backwards (60 degrees -->30 degrees ) during gaze shifts. In our 10 human
      subjects, after a few hundred back-step trials, gaze amplitudes were reduced by
      between 6 degrees and 27 degrees. Similarly, after a few hundred forward
      adaptation trials, our subjects increased gaze amplitude by between 0 degrees and
      26 degrees. Changes in the amplitude of primary gaze shifts occurred regardless
      of the particular combinations of eye and head movements that made up the
      amplitude-altered gaze shifts. When gaze shifts were initiated with the eyes in
      systematically different positions relative to the head, the resulting changes in
      gaze, eye and head movement amplitudes were consistent with the hypothesis that
      gaze adaptation occurs at the level of a gaze shift command and not by altering
      separately the signals that produce eye and head movements.

PMID- 18155267
TI  - Comparative study of protozoan communities in full-scale MWTPs in Beijing related
      to treatment processes.
AB  - The potential influence of process principles and system conditions on shaping
      protozoan community structures in eight full-scale municipal wastewater treatment
      systems in Beijing, including four process types, i.e., anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic
      or anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic process (A2O), anoxic/aerobic or anaerobic/aerobic
      process (AO), oxidation ditch (OD) and sequencing batch reactor (SBR), was
      evaluated with the aid of cluster analysis and principal components analysis
      (PCA). The species richness and abundance distribution of protozoa varied
      significantly with the process types: the A2O ecosystems harbored more diverse
      protozoan communities with higher relative abundance of crawling and sessile
      ciliates than the other systems. Cluster analysis revealed that the protozoan
      community structures were in high coordination with the process types, i.e.,
      different systems with the same process principles exhibited similar community
      structures. The A2O processes displayed a distinctively higher similarity of
      protozoan community structures than the AO processes, suggesting that the A2O
      ecosystems were more stable than those of AO. The PCA analyses demonstrated that
      swimming and carnivorous ciliates were correlated with poor settleability of
      sludge, and that amoebae were sensitive to DO level. We therefore concluded that
      protozoan community structures were primarily shaped by treatment process
      principles, whilst they were also modified by system conditions in terms of
      operational properties and water quality.

PMID- 18155268
TI  - Changes in humic acid conformation during coagulation with ferric chloride:
      implications for drinking water treatment.
AB  - Electrophoretic mobility, pyrene fluorescence, surface tension measurements,
      transmission electron microscopy on resin-embedded samples, and X-ray microscopy
      (XRM) were combined to characterize the aggregates formed from humic colloids and
      hydrolyzed-Fe species under various conditions of pH and mixing. We show that, at
      low coagulant concentration, the anionic humic network is reorganized upon
      association with cationic coagulant species to yield more compact structures. In
      particular, spheroids about 80nm in size are evidenced by XRM at pH 6 and 8 just
      below the optimal coagulant concentration. Such reorganization of humic colloids
      does not yield surface-active species, and maintains negative functional groups
      on the outside of humic/hydrolyzed-Fe complex. We also observe that the humic
      network remains unaffected by the association with coagulant species up to the
      restabilization concentration. Upon increasing the coagulant concentration,
      restructuration becomes limited: indeed, the aggregation of humic acid with
      hydrolyzed-Fe species can be ascribed to a competition between humic network
      reconformation rate and collision rate of destabilized colloids. A decrease in
      stirring favors the shrinkage of humic/hydrolyzed-Fe complexes, which then yields
      a lower sediment volume. Elemental analyses also reveal that the iron coagulant
      species are poorly hydrolyzed in the destabilization range. This suggests that
      destabilization mechanisms such as sweep flocculation or adsorption onto a
      hydroxyde precipitate are not relevant to our case. A neutralization/complexation
      destabilization mechanism accompanied by a restructuration of flexible humic
      network is then proposed to occur in the range of pHs investigated.

PMID- 18155269
TI  - Transient behavior of heavy metals in soils during electrokinetic remediation.
AB  - This paper presents a systematic bench-scale laboratory study performed to assess
      the transient behavior of chromium, nickel, and cadmium in different soils during
      electrokinetic remediation. A series of laboratory electrokinetic experiments was
      conducted using two different clayey soils, kaolin and glacial till. For each
      type of soil, four electrokinetic experiments with 1, 2, 4, and 10 d of treatment
      time were performed. In all tests, the contaminants were Cr(VI), Ni(II), and
      Cd(II) combined in the soil. A geochemical assessment was performed using the
      geochemical model MINEQL(+) to determine the partitioning of the heavy metals in
      soils as precipitated, adsorbed, and aqueous forms. Results showed that in
      kaolin, the extent of Ni(II) and Cd(II) migration towards the cathode increased
      as the treatment time increased. Unlike kaolin, in glacial till treatment time
      had no effect on nickel and cadmium migration because of its high buffering
      capacity. In both kaolin and glacial till, the extent of Cr(VI) migration towards
      the anode increased as the treatment time increased. However, Cr(VI) migration
      was higher in glacial till as compared to kaolin because of the high pH
      conditions that existed in glacial till. In all tests, some Cr(VI) was reduced to
      Cr(III), and the Cr(VI) reduction rate to Cr(III) as well as the Cr(III)
      migration were significantly affected by the treatment time. Overall, this study
      showed that the electroosmotic flow as well as the direction and extent of
      contaminant migration and removal depend on the polarity of the contaminant, the
      type of soil, and the treatment duration.

PMID- 18155271
TI  - Probabilistic assessment of safe groundwater utilization in farmed fish ponds of
      blackfoot disease hyperendemic areas in terms of the regulation of arsenic
      concentrations.
AB  - This work probabilistically explored a safe utilization ratio (UR) of groundwater
      in fish ponds located in blackfoot disease hyperendemic areas in terms of the
      regulation of arsenic (As) concentrations. Sequential indicator simulation was
      used to reproduce As concentrations in groundwater and to propagate their
      uncertainty. Corresponding URs of groundwater were obtained from the relationship
      of mass balance between reproduced As concentrations in groundwater and the As
      regulation in farmed fish ponds. Three levels were adopted to evaluate the UR -
      UR> or =0.5, 0.5>UR> or =0.1 and UR<0.1. The high probability of the UR> or =0.5
      level presents in the northern and southern regions where groundwater can be a
      major water source. The high probability of the 0.5>UR> or =0.1 level is mainly
      distributed in the central-coastal, central-eastern and southeastern regions
      where groundwater should be considered as a subordinate water source. Being
      available, extra surface water has priority over providing aquacultural needs of
      the regions with the high probability of the UR> or =0.5 and 0.5>UR> or =0.1
      levels. In the regions with the high probability of the UR<0.1 level, in the
      central-coastal and southwestern regions, groundwater utilization should be
      reduced substantially or even prohibited completely for no adverse effects on
      human health.

PMID- 18155270
TI  - Comparative analysis of microarray data identifies common responses to caloric
      restriction among mouse tissues.
AB  - Caloric restriction has been extensively investigated as an intervention that
      both extends lifespan and delays age-related disease in mammals. In mice, much
      interest has centered on evaluating gene expression changes induced by caloric
      restriction (CR) in particular tissue types, but the overall systemic effect of
      CR among multiple tissues has been examined less extensively. This study presents
      a comparative analysis of microarray datasets that have collectively examined the
      effects of CR in 10 different tissue types (liver, heart, muscle, hypothalamus,
      hippocampus, white adipose tissue, colon, kidney, lung and cochlea). Using novel
      methods for comparative analysis of microarray data, detailed comparisons of the
      effects of CR among tissues are provided, and 28 genes for which expression
      response to CR is most shared among tissues are identified. These genes
      characterize common responses to CR, which consist of both activation and
      inhibition of stress-response pathways. With respect to liver tissue,
      transcriptional effects of CR exhibited surprisingly little overlap with those of
      aging, and a variable degree of overlap with the potential CR-mimetic drug
      resveratrol. These analyses shed light on the systemic transcriptional activity
      associated with CR diets, and also illustrate new approaches for comparative
      analysis of microarray datasets in the context of aging biology.

PMID- 18155272
TI  - Immunohistochemical study of flotillin-1 in the rat testis during postnatal
      development.
AB  - The level and cellular localization of fotillin-1, a lipid raft protein, was
      examined in the testis of rats during postnatal development and spermatogenesis
      in order to determine if flotillin-1 is involved in testicular development. The
      testes of rats were sampled on postnatal days 7, 14, 21, 40, and 60, and analyzed
      by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Western blot analysis detected
      flotillin-1 in the testes at days 7 and 14 after birth but the level decreased
      significantly at postnatal days 21, 40 and 60. At postnatal days 7, 14, 21, and
      40, flotillin-1 immunolocalization was observed mainly in the Sertoli cells.
      However, there was little flotillin-1 immunolabeling in the spermatogenic cells
      from the seminiferous tubule of the testes. In the seminiferous tubule of the
      testes at postnatal day 60, flotillin-1 immunoreactivity in the Sertoli cells
      varied according to the stages of the spermatogenic cycle; intense
      immunoreactivity being observed in stages IX-III and less in stages IV-VIII.
      These results suggest that flotillin-1 participates in the developmental process
      of Sertoli cells and is involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis.

PMID- 18155273
TI  - Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary or
      peritoneum.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the response of women with low-grade serous carcinoma of
      the ovary or peritoneum to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS:
      Using institutional databases, we identified 25 women with advanced low-grade
      serous carcinoma of the ovary or peritoneum treated with neoadjuvant platinum
      based chemotherapy between 1989 and 2006. Demographic and clinical variables were
      abstracted from the medical records. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall
      survival (OS) were estimated using the method of Kaplan and Meier. RESULTS:
      Median patient age at diagnosis was 45 years (range 29-81). The majority of
      patients (n=19, 76%) received a combination of a taxane and platinum drug. A
      median of six cycles of chemotherapy was administered (range 2-16). Of the 20
      patients for whom pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy CA-125 levels were
      available, 50% had a >50% reduction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However,
      radiographic survey of the 24 patients evaluable at the completion of neoadjuvant
      chemotherapy demonstrated one patient (4%) with a complete response, 21 (88%)
      with stable disease and 2 (8%) with progression following neoadjuvant
      chemotherapy. Median PFS and OS for all patients were 21.4 and 56.1 months,
      respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The low response rate to platinum-based neoadjuvant
      chemotherapy observed indicates that low-grade serous carcinoma is not as
      responsive to conventional chemotherapy as high-grade serous carcinoma.
      Prospective clinical trials focused specifically on low-grade serous carcinoma
      are needed to make meaningful advances in the treatment of this disease.

PMID- 18155274
TI  - Demographic, clinical, and treatment trends among women diagnosed with vulvar
      cancer in the United States.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Describe the treatment and survival patterns among a population-based
      sample of vulvar cancer patients diagnosed in the United States in 1999. METHODS:
      Cases were identified for the National Cancer Institute's Patterns of Care Study
      (POC) using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER). A
      stratified random sample of non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic
      women age 20 years and older was selected from cases reported by 11 SEER
      registries. Analyses of the association between vulvar cancer and key
      demographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics by stage were performed. Cox
      proportional hazards was used to estimate the odds of death due to cancer. All
      estimates were weighted, and analyses were conducted with SUDAAN. RESULTS: Ninety
      percent of cases were diagnosed with in situ or early-stage invasive disease.
      Older patients were more likely to present at advanced stages. Twenty-five
      percent of women with Stage III-IV vulvar cancer received chemotherapy plus
      radiation. We noted widespread use of radical local excision among women with
      Stage I/II cancer, but 46-54% with invasive disease underwent a radical or total
      vulvectomy. Factors associated with cancer death were limited to age and stage.
      Women 75 years and older were at higher risk compared to women aged 20-49 years
      and the risk of death increased with advancing stage. CONCLUSIONS: Vulvar cancer
      is diagnosed at early stages. Late-stage disease is associated with a significant
      increase in mortality. Radical surgery was still commonly performed in 1999.
      Radiation was more common in women diagnosed at late stage, while the use of
      chemoradiation remained limited.

PMID- 18155275
TI  - Interactive effects of steroids and beta-agonists on accumulation of type 2 T
      cells.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Airway inflammation associated with asthma has been reported to be
      either unaffected or slightly increased by inhaled beta-agonist monotherapy, and
      concerns regarding disease exacerbations with continuous long-acting beta-agonist
      monotherapy have prompted the recommendation of concomitant steroid treatment.
      OBJECTIVES: Using peripheral blood lymphocytes from asthmatic subjects, we aimed
      to determine (1) whether short- or long-acting beta-agonists increase IL-13
      producing (IL-13+ or IFN-gamma-producing (IFN-gamma+ T-cell numbers and (2) the
      ability of the corticosteroid budesonide to reverse these effects. METHODS:
      Peripheral blood lymphocytes from asthmatic subjects were cultured 6 days ex vivo
      with IL-2 and various concentrations of albuterol, formoterol, and budesonide.
      Numbers of IL-13+ and IFN-gamma+ T cells were determined by means of flow
      cytometric analysis. RESULTS: Both albuterol and formoterol increased IL-2
      stimulated accumulation of IL-13+ T cells, and this increase was highest at
      concentrations approximating the dissociation constant of each beta-agonist for
      the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor. Budesonide at greater than 1 nmol/L reversed the
      augmenting effects of beta-agonists on IL-13+ T-cell accumulation, and budesonide
      at greater than 10 nmol/L inhibited increases in IL-13+ T cells stimulated by IL
      2. Budesonide decreased, whereas beta-agonist did not affect, numbers of total
      and IFN-gamma+ T cells in IL-2-stimulated cultures. CONCLUSION: beta-Agonists at
      physiologically and clinically relevant concentrations stimulate increased
      antigen-independent, cytokine-stimulated accumulation, specifically of type 2 T
      cells from asthmatic subjects. The corticosteroid budesonide potently reverses
      this effect.

PMID- 18155276
TI  - Thunderstorm-related asthma: not only grass pollen and spores.

PMID- 18155277
TI  - Are allergy advisory statements helpful to patients with food allergy?

PMID- 18155278
TI  - Is eczema really on the increase worldwide?
AB  - BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether eczema prevalence is truly increasing
      worldwide. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate worldwide secular trends in
      childhood eczema. METHODS: Children (n = 302,159) aged 13 to 14 years in 105
      centers from 55 countries and children aged 6 to 7 years (n = 187,943) in 64
      centers from 35 countries were surveyed from the same study centers taking part
      in Phase One and Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in
      Childhood by using identical validated and translated questionnaires. Eczema was
      defined as an itchy, relapsing, flexural skin rash in the last 12 months, and it
      was termed severe eczema when it was associated with 1 or more disturbed nights
      per week. RESULTS: Annual prevalence changes in relation to average prevalence
      across Phase One and Three were generally small and differed in direction
      according to the age of the participants and world region. For children 13 to 14
      years old, eczema symptom prevalence decreased in some previously high-prevalence
      centers from the developed world, such as the United Kingdom and New Zealand,
      whereas centers with previously high prevalence rates from developing countries
      continued to increase. In the children 6 to 7 years old, most centers showed an
      increase in current eczema symptoms. Similar patterns to these were present for
      severe eczema at both ages. CONCLUSION: The epidemic of eczema seems to be
      leveling or decreasing in some countries with previously high prevalence rates.
      The picture elsewhere is mixed, with many formerly low-prevalence developing
      countries experiencing substantial increases, especially in the younger age
      group.

PMID- 18155279
TI  - Genetic polymorphism regulating ORM1-like 3 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) expression
      is associated with childhood atopic asthma in a Japanese population.

PMID- 18155280
TI  - Usefulness of specific IgE levels in predicting cow's milk allergy.

PMID- 18155281
TI  - Helminthic infection as a factor in new-onset coffee allergy in a father and
      daughter.

PMID- 18155282
TI  - What the 21st century does not know about asthma-yet.

PMID- 18155283
TI  - Dysregulation of innate immune receptors on neutrophils in chronic granulomatous
      disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is the most common inherited
      disorder of neutrophil function, is caused by mutations in the reduced
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and results in
      recurrent bacterial infections. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the
      expression and function of innate immune receptors on neutrophils in patients
      with CGD. METHODS: We quantified mRNA and protein expression of Toll-like
      receptors (TLRs), complement receptors, and chemokine receptors on neutrophils
      from 15 patients with CGD compared with that seen in healthy control subjects (n
      = 15) and control patients with bacterial pneumonia (n = 15). Phagocytosis,
      chemotaxis, and TLR function of isolated neutrophils were analyzed. The effect of
      NADPH oxidase inhibition on receptor expression and function was analyzed in
      control neutrophils. RESULTS: Neutrophils from patients with CGD had lower
      expression levels of TLR5, TLR9, CD11b, CD18, CD35, and CXCR1 compared with those
      from healthy control subjects, whereas similar or increased receptor expressions
      were found in patients without CGD but with bacterial pneumonia. Reduced TLR5
      expression resulted in impaired neutrophil activation by bacterial flagella,
      reduced CD11b/CD18 expression was associated with impaired phagocytosis of
      Staphylococcus aureus, and reduced CXCR1 expression was associated with decreased
      chemotaxis. TLR5 and CD18 expression levels correlated with disease severity in
      patients with CGD. TLR5 and TLR9 expression were greater in patients with
      residual NADPH oxidase activity. Inhibition of the NADPH oxidase in control
      neutrophils in vitro decreased TLR5 and TLR9 expression and impaired TLR5
      function. CONCLUSION: These results provide the first evidence that innate immune
      receptors are dysregulated in patients with CGD.

PMID- 18155284
TI  - Sublingual grass allergen tablet immunotherapy provides sustained clinical
      benefit with progressive immunologic changes over 2 years.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This is an interim analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo
      controlled phase III trial with 3 years of daily treatment with grass tablet
      immunotherapy (GRAZAX; ALK-Abello A/S, Horsholm, Denmark) or placebo, followed by
      2 years of follow-up to assess the persistent efficacy. OBJECTIVE: We sought to
      evaluate the efficacy and safety of specific immunotherapy with grass allergen
      tablets compared with placebo after treatment covering 2 consecutive grass pollen
      seasons. METHODS: The interim analyses included 351 adult participants with
      moderate-to-severe allergic rhinoconjunctivitis caused by grass pollen.
      Participants were treated with active (n = 189) or placebo (n = 162) tablets for
      an average of 22 months. All participants were allowed to use symptomatic rescue
      medication. RESULTS: The primary efficacy analysis showed highly significant mean
      reductions of 36% in rhinoconjunctivitis symptom score (P < .0001; median
      reduction, 44%) and 46% in rhinoconjunctivitis medication score (P < .0001;
      median reduction, 73%) in the active group relative to the placebo group. Mean
      rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life was 33% better (P < .0001; median, 40%).
      Clinical improvements were paralleled by significant changes in allergen-specific
      immunoglobulins. The treatment was well tolerated, and adverse events led to
      withdrawal in less than 1% of participants. There were no serious adverse events
      related to treatment. CONCLUSION: Grass allergen tablet immunotherapy showed
      progressive immunologic changes and highly significant efficacy over 2 years of
      continued treatment.

PMID- 18155285
TI  - The health effects of non-industrial indoor air pollution.
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is growing public awareness regarding the risk associated with
      poor indoor air quality in the home and workplace. Because Americans spend
      approximately 22 hours every day indoors, susceptible individuals are at much
      greater risk of adverse health effects from chronic low levels of exposure to
      indoor air pollutants over time. Along with particulate matter, gases such as
      ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide; microbial and
      chemical volatile organic compounds; passive smoke; and outdoor ambient air are
      the most common types of air pollutants encountered indoors. OBJECTIVE: To
      provide the allergists with necessary information that will assist them in making
      useful recommendations to patients seeking advice regarding indoor environmental
      triggers beyond traditional perennial allergens. METHODS: Review of the
      literature pertaining to indoor exposure and health effects of gaseous and
      particular matter. RESULTS: Indoor pollutants act as respiratory irritants,
      toxicants, and adjuvants or carriers of allergens. CONCLUSION: The allergist
      should be prepared to evaluate patient exposure to allergic and nonallergic
      triggers and understand how outdoor air pollution is affecting indoor
      environments. This requires being familiar with methodologies for monitoring and
      interpreting indoor air quality and interpreting results in the context of the
      patients exposure history and advising patients about rational environmental
      control interventions.

PMID- 18155286
TI  - Contribution of allergen-specific and nonspecific nasal responses to early-phase
      and late-phase nasal responses.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The relative contributions of the allergen-specific early-phase nasal
      response and nonspecific nasal response and mast cells to the pathophysiology of
      allergic rhinitis are not well defined. OBJECTIVES: To determine the
      contributions of specific reactivity, nonspecific reactivity, and mast cells to
      the development of early-phase and late-phase responses using a mouse model of
      allergic rhinitis. METHODS: Sensitized wild-type and FcvarepsilonRI-deficient
      (FcvarepsilonRI-/-) mice were exposed to allergen for 3, 5, or 12 days. As
      indicators of nasal reactivity, respiratory frequency and nasal resistance were
      monitored. RESULTS: Sensitized mice exposed to 3 days of nasal allergen challenge
      showed a nonspecific early-phase response. As the number of allergen exposures
      increased, there was progressive diminution in nonspecific responses with
      increased allergen-specific early-phase responses and a late-phase response.
      Sensitized FcvarepsilonRI-/- mice did not develop nonspecific nasal responses or
      late-phase responses, but transfer of in vitro-differentiated wild-type mast
      cells into FcvarepsilonRI-/- mice restored nonspecific early-phase nasal
      responses but not the late-phase response. CONCLUSION: These data identify the
      nonspecific nasal response as a major contributor to the early-phase response,
      especially during initial allergen exposure, and is dependent on mast cells.
      Increasing allergen exposure results in increasing allergen-specific responses,
      converting the nonspecific early-phase response to a late-phase response that is
      allergen-specific and mast cell-independent.

PMID- 18155287
TI  - Initial efficacy of MI, TTM tailoring and HRI's with multiple behaviors for
      employee health promotion.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the initial efficacy of
      Motivational Interviewing (MI), Online Transtheoretical Model (TTM)-tailored
      communications and a brief Health Risk Intervention (HRI) on four health risk
      factors (inactivity, BMI, stress and smoking) in a worksite sample. METHOD: A
      randomized clinical trial assigned employees to one of three recruitment
      strategies and one of the three treatments. The treatment protocol included an
      HRI session for everyone and in addition either a recommended three TTM online
      sessions or three MI in person or telephone sessions over 6 months. At the
      initial post-treatment assessment at 6 months, groups were compared on the
      percentage who had progressed from at risk to taking effective action on each of
      the four risks. RESULTS: Compared to the HRI only group, the MI and TTM groups
      had significantly more participants in the Action stage for exercise and
      effective stress management and significantly fewer risk behaviors at 6 months.
      MI and TTM group outcomes were not different. CONCLUSION: This was the first
      study to demonstrate that MI and online TTM could produce significant multiple
      behavior changes. Future research will examine the long-term impacts of each
      treatment, their cost effectiveness, effects on productivity and quality of life
      and process variables mediating outcomes.

PMID- 18155288
TI  - Long-term dentin retention of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives and a resin
      modified glass ionomer cement in non-carious cervical lesions.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical long-term
      retention to dentin of seven adhesive systems. METHODS: A total of 270 Class V
      restorations of four etch-and-rinse, one self-etch adhesive system and a resin
      modified glass ionomer cement were placed in non-carious cervical lesions without
      intentional enamel involvement. The restorations were evaluated at baseline, 6,
      12, 18, and 24 months and then every year during a 13-year follow-up. Dentin
      bonding efficiency was determined by the percentage of lost restorations.
      RESULTS: During the 13 years, 215 restorations could be evaluated. The cumulative
      loss rate at 13 years was 53.0%, with significant different failures rates for
      the different systems varying between 35.6 and 86.8%. Four systems fulfilled the
      ADA 18-month full acceptance retention criteria. Two systems showed at 18 months
      and earlier high debonding rates. The annual failure rates for the etch-and-rinse
      systems were Optibond 3.1%, Permagen 13.0%, Scotchbond MP 4.8%, Syntac classic
      2.8%; for the self-etch system P&S 4.4%; and the resin-modified glass ionomer
      cement Vitremer 2.7%. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that all systems showed a
      continuous degradation of the bond with a wide variation, which was independent
      of the adhesion strategy. Three bonding systems showed a cumulative failure rate
      after 13 years between 36 and 41% with the best retention for the resin-modified
      glass ionomer cement and a four-step etch-and-rinse system.

PMID- 18155289
TI  - SEM evaluation of resin-carious dentin interfaces formed by two dentin adhesive
      systems.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: We investigated the influence of dentin tubule direction and
      identifiable zone of carious dentin on the microstructure and the thickness of
      the hybrid-like layer (HL) formed by self-etch and etch-rinse adhesive systems.
      METHODS: An etch-rinse and a self-etching adhesive were bonded to dentin carious
      zones divided into groups with parallel or perpendicular orientation relative to
      the dentin tubules at the resin-carious dentin interface (N=5/variable). Bonds
      were prepared to each of the four zones of carious dentin apparent after staining
      with Caries Detector: pink, light pink, transparent and apparently normal; six
      non-carious third molars were controls. The microstructure and thickness of the
      HL were determined by SEM and compared using three-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple
      comparisons (p<0.05). RESULTS: Etch-rinse controls gave thicker HLs than self
      etching systems; orientation did not affect thickness for the self-etch system.
      Perpendicular orientations gave thicker HLs than parallel for the pink zone
      bonded with the etch-rinse system. For both adhesives, HL thickness in the pink
      zone was significantly greater than in light pink for the perpendicular group,
      but no significant differences were found among other variables. HL
      microstructure was more granular and rougher for the etch-rinse than for the self
      etching system. Pores and cracks were obvious in the more demineralized zones.
      Resin tags were shorter and irregular in the transparent zone and often were
      completely absent in the outer demineralized zones (pink, light pink).
      SIGNIFICANCE: Microstructure of bonded interfaces varies markedly depending on
      adhesive system, tubule orientation and carious zone.

PMID- 18155290
TI  - Benzoyl germanium derivatives as novel visible light photoinitiators for dental
      materials.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the use of benzoyl
      germanium derivatives as a novel visible light photoinitiator of resin-based
      dental composites. Selected mechanical properties, such as flexural strength and
      flexural modulus, setting time, storage stability, and UV light stability, of the
      composites based on the novel photoinitiators benzoyltrimethylgermane (BTMGe) or
      dibenzoyldiethylgermane (DBDEGe) were investigated and compared to the properties
      of materials that are cured with a mixture of camphorquinone (CQ) and ethyl 4
      (N,N-dimethylamino)benzoate (EMBO). METHODS: The flexural strength and flexural
      modulus of elasticity were determined according to ISO 4049. For this purpose,
      test specimens (2 mm x 2 mm x 25 mm) of the composites investigated were prepared
      in stainless steel moulds and light-cured (150 mW/cm2, 2 s x 180 s). The flexural
      strength and flexural modulus of elasticity were measured after immersing the
      cured specimens in water for 24h at 37 degrees C and in certain cases, after they
      had been boiled for 24h in water. In addition, the setting time, curing depth,
      storage and UV stability of selected composites were determined. RESULTS: The
      novel photoinitiators BTMGe or DBDEGe can be used to substitute the binary
      photoinitiator CQ/EMBO in visible light-cured restorative composites. Especially,
      DBDEGe showed a significantly higher photocuring activity in composites with a
      filler load of about 60 wt. % in comparison to that of CQ/EMBO. In addition,
      composites based on BTMGe or DBDEGe showed an improved UV stability and a storage
      stability comparable to that of CQ/EMBO-based composites.

PMID- 18155291
TI  - Palladium adsorbing properties of UV-curable chitosan derivatives and surface
      analysis of chitosan-containing paint.
AB  - The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses indicated that
      palladium chloride was adsorbed on a plastic surface coated with a chitosan
      containing paint (C-Paint), and was completely reduced to Pd(0) after reduction
      with dimethylamine-borane. To improve the stability and hardening properties of C
      Paint, UV-curable chitosan derivatives, such as N-[3-methoxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3
      methacryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]methylated chitosan and N-(3-methoxy-4
      methacryloyloxyphenyl)methylated chitosan, were synthesized. The derivatives
      showed better affinity for organic solvents. After UV irradiation for 20s, an
      acidic solution of these derivatives was transformed to a gel, and the dried
      films exhibited good palladium(II) adsorption at pH 1.1.

PMID- 18155292
TI  - Surface modification of a perfluorinated ionomer using a glow discharge
      deposition method to control protein adsorption.
AB  - Nafion is the membrane material preferred for in situ glucose sensors.
      Unfortunately, surface properties of Nafion promote random protein adsorption and
      eventual foreign body encapsulation thus leading to loss of glucose signal over
      time. Here we detail surface modifications made by RF plasma deposition to Nafion
      with the intent to prevent random protein adsorption while providing enough
      functional sites (hydroxyl groups) to bind a biologically active peptide known to
      induce cellular adhesion (YRGDS). Nafion surfaces were modified by RF plasma
      polymerizing five different combinations of (1) tetraethylene glycol dimethyl
      ether (tetraglyme) and (2) 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA): pure tetraglyme,
      2.5% HEMA with 97.5% tetraglyme, 5% HEMA with 95% tetraglyme, 10% HEMA with 90%
      tetraglyme, and pure HEMA. Resultant surfaces were characterized by XPS (low and
      high resolution), dynamic contact angle, and atomic force microscopy. Protein
      adsorption and retention was determined and correlated to surface layer
      composition. The ability to bind a cell adhesion peptide was also determined and
      correlated well with surface layer composition.

PMID- 18155293
TI  - Stem cells from fetal membranes - a workshop report.
AB  - Stem cells that can be derived from fetal membranes represent an exciting field
      of research that bears tremendous potential for developmental biology and
      regenerative medicine. In this report we summarize contributions to a workshop in
      which newest insights into the characteristics, subtypes and molecular
      determinants of stem cells from trophoblast and endometrial tissues were
      presented.

PMID- 18155294
TI  - Behaviors of youth involved in the child welfare system.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Using data from a nationally representative panel study, the National
      Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW), we address the following
      questions: (a) What are the youth, family, community, and child welfare system
      risk factors that place youth (ages 11-14 years) living at home, who are referred
      for maltreatment, at increased risk of delinquent behaviors over time? and (b)
      What promotive factors at the youth, family, community, and child welfare system
      levels appear to minimize the risk of delinquent behaviors for these youth over
      time? METHODS: The study uses the NSCAW data collected at baseline (Wave 1) and
      18 months later (Wave 3). The multivariate analyses were conducted using a tobit
      model adjusted for longitudinal data and a complex survey sample. RESULTS:
      Several significant risk and promotive factors were found to influence the risk
      of delinquent behaviors over time. Older youth were more likely to engage in
      delinquent behaviors than younger youth. Girls were less likely to engage in
      delinquent behaviors than boys. Race or ethnicity did not have a statistically
      significant relationship with engaging in delinquent behaviors. Compared with
      neglected youth, youth who were physically abused were more likely to engage in
      delinquent behaviors. Increases in caregiver monitoring and in the quality of
      relationship with caregivers were associated with decreases in delinquent
      behaviors. Youth at greatest risk and those who engaged in more delinquent
      behaviors received more child welfare services then youth who did not engage in
      delinquent behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: The current child welfare delivery system
      emphasizes provision of services to youth experiencing the more serious problems
      and less on preventive services. The study findings suggest that preventive
      services when youth first enter the child welfare system that focus on enhancing
      caregiver skills in building positive relationships with their youth and
      increased monitoring of the youth's activity may alter the pathway to delinquent
      behaviors for these youth.

PMID- 18155295
TI  - Sensation seeking and risk-taking propensity as mediators in the relationship
      between childhood abuse and HIV-related risk behavior.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Although a wealth of literature suggests that childhood physical,
      emotional, and sexual abuse are related to later-life HIV-related risk behaviors,
      few studies have explored disinhibition (e.g., impulsivity, risk-taking
      propensity, and sensation-seeking) as a risk factor in this relationship. METHOD:
      This cross-sectional study examined impulsivity, risk-taking propensity, and
      sensation seeking as mediators in the relationship between abuse history and
      engagement in HIV-related risk behaviors among a sample of 96 inner-city African
      American adolescents. RESULTS: Findings indicated that abuse history was
      positively related to self-reported engagement in HIV-related risk behaviors
      (B=.027, SE .008, beta=.32, sr(2)=.105, p=.001), as well as risk-taking
      propensity (B=.35, SE .11, beta=.30, sr(2)=.090, p=.003) and sensation seeking
      (B=.17, SE .05, beta=.35, sr(2)=.124, p=.0004). Abuse history was not related to
      impulsivity. Further, while sensation-seeking and risk-taking propensity (to a
      lesser extent) mediated this relationship, impulsivity did not. CONCLUSIONS:
      These findings provide an initial step in the examination of the mechanisms
      underlying the relationship between childhood abuse and engagement in HIV-related
      risk behaviors.

PMID- 18155296
TI  - Glycosylation changes in hFUT1 transgenic mice increase TCR signaling and
      apoptosis resulting in thymocyte maturation arrest.
AB  - Glycosylation of cell surface proteins is important in thymocyte maturation. In
      particular, the level of sialylation of key glycoproteins such as CD45 is
      believed to play a major role in regulating TCR signaling, adhesion and apoptosis
      of developing thymocytes. We show here that transgenic expression of human alpha1
      2 fucosyltransferase (hFUT1) in mice resulted in a marked shift from sialylation
      to fucosylation of thymocyte glycoproteins. This was associated with a
      significant reduction in thymocyte number, an increased rate of apoptosis in
      double positive and single positive thymocytes, and a maturation arrest at TCR
      dependent developmental transitions reminiscent of CD45 deficiency. Indeed,
      CD45RB dimerization was elevated in hFUT1 thymocytes, consistent with its
      hyposialylation, and there was a corresponding increase in phosphorylation of the
      TCR-associated protein Lck. However, contrary to the reduced TCR signaling in
      CD45 null mice, basal and stimulated TCR signaling was higher in hFUT1 thymocytes
      than in wild type thymocytes. Our results therefore demonstrate that aberrant
      expression of a single glycosyltransferase can profoundly affect thymopoiesis,
      although the relative involvement of CD45-dependent and -independent mechanisms
      is yet to be determined.

PMID- 18155297
TI  - Tumor necrosis factor antagonist mechanisms of action: a comprehensive review.
AB  - During the past 30 years, elucidation of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid
      arthritis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing
      spondylitis at the cellular and molecular levels has revealed that these diseases
      share common mechanisms and are more closely related than was previously
      recognized. Research on the complex biology of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has
      uncovered many mechanisms and pathways by which TNF may be involved in the
      pathogenesis of these diseases. There are 3 TNF antagonists currently available:
      adalimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody; etanercept, a soluble receptor
      construct; and infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody. Two other TNF
      antagonists, certolizumab and golimumab, are in clinical development. The
      remarkable efficacy of TNF antagonists in these diseases places TNF in the center
      of our understanding of the pathogenesis of many immune-mediated inflammatory
      diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the biology of TNF and related
      family members in the context of the potential mechanisms of action of TNF
      antagonists in a variety of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Possible
      mechanistic differences between TNF antagonists are addressed with regard to
      their efficacy and safety profiles.

PMID- 18155298
TI  - Noninvasive reflection mode photoacoustic imaging through infant skull toward
      imaging of neonatal brains.
AB  - The feasibility of functional imaging of neonatal brains was studied in a
      noninvasive transcranial manner by using reflection mode photoacoustic technique
      for the first time. Experiments were conducted to examine the quality of
      photoacoustic signals and consequent images across a newborn infant skull. With
      the designed system, photoacoustic imaging of blood vessels through the infant
      skull has been achieved with an axial resolution up to 50mum and a lateral
      resolution up to 420mum. Experimental results also indicate that photoacoustic
      imaging of neonatal brain with a depth of 21mm or more beneath the skull is
      feasible when working with near-infrared light. Moreover, the performance of this
      technique for measuring and monitoring the changes in blood oxygenation level
      through the newborn infant skull has also been explored. This study suggests that
      reflection mode photoacoustic imaging holds promise to become a novel and
      powerful tool for noninvasive diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of disorders in
      neonatal brains.

PMID- 18155299
TI  - Graded reversible opening of the rat blood-brain barrier by intracarotid infusion
      of sodium caprate.
AB  - The fatty acid salt, sodium caprate (C10) is a well recognized drug absorption
      enhancer in intestine because of its ability to widen tight junctions in the
      epithelial cell lining. Caprate's potential usefulness to similarly alter the
      blood-brain barrier (BBB) tight junctions of brain vasculature and enhance CNS
      drug delivery has undergone little investigation. Adult SD rats were anesthetized
      and C10 was infused into the left internal carotid artery (dosing parameters: 10
      30 mM, 1 or 2 ml min(-1), for 0.5-1.5 min). Beginning 5 or 60 min after infusion
      an i.v. bolus of [3H]mannitol was allowed to circulate for 30 min and degree of
      BBB leakiness measured as magnitude of the transfer constant (Ki, nl g(-1)s(-1))
      for blood to brain mannitol permeation determined from brain and plasma samples.
      In initial experiments identical C10 infusions caused dramatic BBB opening in
      some rats, e.g., 10-fold increase in Ki, but not in others. Higher dosing
      produced consistent opening measured 5-35 or 60-90 min post-infusion but was also
      toxic as shown by severe brain edema and cardio-respiratory failure. The variable
      effect of moderate doses was attributed to the fact that arterial blood pressure
      markedly increased during C10 infusion and may have altered the flow dynamics of
      cerebrovascular caprate distribution from rat to rat. We modified the procedure
      by temporarily withdrawing blood to produce hypovolemia and systemic arterial
      hypotension during C10 infusion. Caprate infusions of 15-25 mM, 2 ml min(-1) for
      1 min, produced reliable dose-related openings that lasted as much as an hour,
      were reversible, and accompanied by little or moderate edema, depending on dose.
      These findings confirm an earlier report showing that intracarotid caprate
      infusion opens the BBB but also show that control of the temporary hypertensive
      response produced by intracarotid caprate infusion is key to tailoring the dosage
      to consistently achieve graded, reversible BBB opening.

PMID- 18155300
TI  - Susceptibility to tuberculosis: composition of tuberculous granulomas in
      Thorbecke and outbred New Zealand White rabbits.
AB  - We sought to characterize the lung cellular immune responses to inhaled
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) of the susceptible inbred Thorbecke rabbit (the
      genomically sequenced strain, now unavailable) and compare it to outbred, Mtb
      resistant, New Zealand White rabbits. Using Mtb CDC1551, we confirmed that the
      inbred rabbits allowed establishment of infection with this low virulence strain,
      compared to poor establishment in outbred rabbits. With a more virulent strain,
      Mtb Erdman, that establishes infection well in both rabbit strains, we analyzed
      granulomas from rabbit lungs 5 weeks after aerosol infection. The lung granulomas
      of inbred rabbits had significantly higher frequencies of cells expressing MHC
      Class II and CD11b, and lower frequencies of CD8+ T cells than the outbred
      controls. Macrophage-sized cells expressing MHC Class II in inbred rabbit
      granulomas showed significantly decreased intensity of expression, suggesting
      impaired maturation. Although the inbred dermal tuberculin reactions were
      decreased, the in vitro IFN-gamma mRNA responses of hilar node lymphocytes to
      tuberculin were higher than those of outbred rabbits. Further delineation of the
      outbred rabbit's resistant immune response to Mtb infection is warranted.

PMID- 18155302
TI  - Adenoid as a source of lymphocytes in the surface secretions of nasopharynx.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The significance and protective efficacy of surface secretions on
      mucosal membranes in the upper airways are well recognized. The aim of our study
      was to reveal the role of the adenoids as a source of cellular components in the
      mucosal secretion. METHODS: The adenoid removed because of its hypertrophy and
      the samples of surface secretions taken by "imprint method" described by Ebenfelt
      et al. from the group of 38 children were examined by flow cytometry. The
      lymphocyte subsets with following antigens: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD23, CD16+56,
      CD45RA, CD45RO, HLA-DR were analyzed. Two groups were studied: (1) AH, children
      with adenoid hyperplasia without otitis media; (2) OME, children with adenoid
      hyperplasia and persistent otitis media with effusion. Age-related changes in
      percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed. RESULTS: The percentage
      of lymphocyte subsets in adenoid and secretion were similar, however, in the
      surface secretion there was higher proportion of lymphocytes B and NK and lower
      of T. There was no correlation between percentages of lymphocyte in adenoid and
      surface secretion except for lymphocytes Th with memory phenotype and lymphocytes
      B with marker CD23(+). In adenoid the percentage of T and Th lymphocytes
      increased with age and the percentage of B lymphocytes decreased. In the
      secretion age-related changes were less pronounced and only the percentage of
      lymphocytes B CD23(+) showed positive correlation with age. In cases of otitis
      media with effusion there was higher proportion of lymphocytes B (CD19(+) and
      CD19(+)CD23(+)) and lower of lymphocytes Ts and Th with naive phenotype in the
      secretion. In adenoid however, the cases of OME revealed lower percentage of
      lymphocytes B and higher of lymphocytes Ts. CONCLUSIONS: Similar proportions of
      lymphocyte subpopulations in surface secretion and in adenoid imply that adenoid
      is the source of those cells. However, lack of correlation between the
      percentages of lymphocytes in secretion and in adenoid suggest that the process
      of lymphocyte migration has active and selective character.

PMID- 18155301
TI  - Regulation of B-cell-activating factor (BAFF)/B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS)
      expression in human neutrophils.
AB  - The expression and production of cytokines by cells of the innate immune system,
      including monocytes/macrophages, dendritic and NK cells, play a critical role not
      only in defensive and inflammatory but also in immunoregulatory and anti-/pro
      tumoral processes. Studies performed in the last years have well ascertained that
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils can also be induced to express and produce
      chemokines, proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, angiogenic and
      fibrogenic cytokines, as well as ligands belonging to the TNF superfamily. Among
      the latter group of molecules, B-cell-activating factor (BAFF)/B lymphocyte
      stimulator (BLyS), known to be essential for B lymphocyte homeostasis and related
      pathologies, has recently been identified as one of the factors potentially
      expressed by human neutrophils. The addition of this novel TNF superfamily
      member, and more recently also of the closely related "A Proliferation-Inducing
      Ligand" (APRIL), to the list of cytokines produced by neutrophils not only
      testifies to the continuous growth of this area of investigation, but also
      implies the involvement of neutrophils in B-cell-dependent autoimmune diseases
      and tumors.

PMID- 18155303
TI  - Vestibular nerve functions in children with auditory neuropathy.
AB  - In disorders affecting the cochlear nerve it is highly probable that the
      vestibular nerve is involved as well. The caloric test and VEMP (vestibular
      evoked myogenic potentials) enable a separate evaluation of the inferior and
      superior vestibular nerve. In the present study we evaluated the inferior and
      superior vestibular nerves in three children with auditory neuropathy.
      Electrophysiological tests, VEMP and caloric tests were carried out in these
      three cases with the preliminary diagnosis of auditory neuropathy. Magnetic
      resonance imaging was obtained which revealed an intact cochlear nerve in all
      three patients. The caloric tests were all normal, while in two out of the three
      cases the VEMP test yielded abnormal results. Since the caloric test may prove
      abnormal as well, as reported in the literature, it would be valuable to carry
      out both of the tests in the vestibular evaluation of children with auditory
      neuropathy, in our opinion.

PMID- 18155304
TI  - Anxiolytic-like effects of DOI microinjections into the hippocampus (but not the
      amygdala nor the PAG) in the mice four plates test.
AB  - Anxiolytic-like effects of DOI, a 5-HT(2A/2C) agonist have been observed in the
      four plates test (FPT) after intra-peritoneal administrations. In the present
      study, DOI (1 microg, 2 microg or 5 microg per mice) was directly injected to
      three brain structures, the hippocampus, the amygdala and the periaqueductal gray
      matter (PAG). Tests were carried out immediately after injections. In amygdala
      and PAG, DOI exerted an anxiogenic-like effect. In the hippocampus, a strong
      anxiolytic-like effect was found only when injecting 5 microg DOI/mice in the
      FPT, with a size effect comparable to the anxiolytic-like effect of diazepam
      1mg/kg injected intra-peritoneally. DOI or vehicle injections did not affect
      locomotor activity. These results help us to understand mechanisms of action of
      DOI in animal models of anxiety, probably through an interaction with other
      neurotransmitter system, which may take place in the hippocampus.

PMID- 18155306
TI  - Bi-directional flow in coronary-to-left ventricular fistula.
AB  - Coronary artery fistulae are rare congenital anomalies occasionally observed
      during coronary angiography. We present a case of retrograde coronary
      opacification during left ventriculography. This is the first reported case of
      angiographically documented bi-directional flow in these structures. Due to
      advanced age and personal wishes, the patient was treated medically. The
      epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapy for coronary fistulae are briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 18155307
TI  - The effect of becoming BVDV-free on fertility and udder health in Dutch dairy
      herds.
AB  - The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of BVDV-free certification of
      dairy herds on fertility and udder health. Cases were defined as dairy herds that
      had at least one BVDV-antigen positive animal, subsequently gained the BVDV-free
      status by participating in the BVDV-control programme of the Animal Health
      Service (AHS) and maintained this status for at least 2 years. Controls had an
      unknown status for BVDV and two controls were matched to one case by region and
      herd size. Data concerning fertility and milk production of all herds were
      provided by The Dutch Royal Cattle Syndicate (NRS). After validation, data of
      79,607 cows of 392 case herds and 124,831 cows of 730 control herds were analysed
      on ten fertility and three udder health parameters. For the analyses all
      observations were aggregated at herd level. To account for the matching,
      differences for fertility parameters were calculated between each of the two
      pairs of case-control within a matching code. The analyses were performed with
      these differences as dependent variables. Mixed models and GEE models were used
      for the statistical analyses of fertility and udder health. Case herds had a
      significantly lower abortion rate in the BVDV-free period than controls herds
      (10.3% versus 11.6%, P<0.01) while there was no significant difference for the
      other fertility parameters. There was no effect on mastitis prevalence or bulk
      milk SCC but the mastitis incidence significantly decreased for case herds in the
      BVDV-free period (cases 0.6 % lower than controls, P<0.05). In our study the
      effect of getting the BVDV-free status may have been underestimated for several
      reasons like an unknown status for control herds, not knowing when an acute
      infection occurred in case herds and not knowing the management for both cases
      and controls. Interestingly, both significant variables, being abortions and
      mastitis incidence, are parameters that are more difficult to influence by the
      farmer than the other parameters (e.g. calving interval).

PMID- 18155305
TI  - Diversity and evolution of the rhoph1/clag multigene family of Plasmodium
      falciparum.
AB  - A complex of high-molecular-mass proteins (PfRhopH) of the human malaria parasite
      Plasmodium falciparum induces host protective immunity and therefore is a
      candidate for vaccine development. Understanding the level of polymorphism and
      the evolutionary processes is important for advancements in both vaccine design
      and knowledge of the evolution of cell invasion in this parasite. In the present
      study, we sequenced the entire open reading frames of seven genes encoding the
      proteins of the PfRhopH complex (rhoph2, rhoph3, and five rhoph1/clag gene
      paralogs). We found that four rhoph1/clag genes (clag2, 3.1, 3.2, and 8) were
      highly polymorphic. Amino acid substitutions and indels are predominantly
      clustered around amino acid positions 1000-1200 of these four rhoph1/clag genes.
      An excess of nonsynonymous substitutions over synonymous substitutions was
      detected for clag8 and 9, indicating positive selection. The McDonald-Kreitman
      test with a Plasmodium reichenowi orthologous sequence also supports positive
      selection on clag8. Based on the ratio of interspecific genetic distance to
      intraspecific distance, the time to the most recent common ancestor of the clag2
      and 8 polymorphisms was estimated to be 1.89 and 0.87 million years ago,
      respectively, assuming divergence of P. falciparum and P. reichenowi 6 million
      years ago. In addition to a copy number polymorphism, gene conversion events were
      detected for the rhoph1/clag genes on chromosome 3, which likely play a role in
      increasing the diversity of each locus. Our results indicate that a high
      diversity of the PfRhopH1/Clag multigene family is maintained by diversifying
      selection forces over a considerably long period.

PMID- 18155309
TI  - Clinical implications of the implementation of advanced treatment planning
      algorithms for thoracic treatments.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiotherapy treatment planning algorithms continue to
      develop and current planning systems typically offer simpler, but faster,
      algorithms, which may be 2, 2.5 or 3D in modelling scatter, but which do not
      model electron transport (type a) and more accurate algorithms which aim to be
      fully 3D, i.e. which model 3D scatter and also model electron transport (type b).
      A range of comparative planning studies and experiments indicate that the main
      situation where the changes are significant between the two types of algorithm is
      where lung tissue is involved. However, more generally, interface areas between
      materials of different electron density and composition are expected to show
      differences between the two types of algorithms. These are likely to pose
      potentially significant clinical consequences when a centre changes from using
      older simpler algorithms to more accurate fully 3D ones and require careful
      consideration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Some modelling is presented using the
      different type algorithms for a recently available novel design of linear
      accelerator treatment head, as part of the commissioning of that machine and in
      preparing for a change in TPS algorithm. The TPS data are compared to
      measurements and to Monte Carlo calculations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results
      add to the evidence of other studies that 3D planning techniques and type b dose
      calculation algorithms lead to systematic changes in computation and delivery of
      radiotherapy dose and in dose distributions, as compared to simpler methods, and
      that these changes are more pronounced in treatments involving lung tissue. The
      type b algorithms agree well with Monte Carlo modelling. CONCLUSIONS: Careful
      analysis of the changes is required before adopting new algorithms into clinical
      treatment planning practice. Discussion is needed between physicists and
      oncologists to fully understand the effects and potential consequences. These
      include changes in delivered dose to the reference point, to coverage of the PTV
      and to the dose distribution and also to dosimetric parameters used to constrain
      toxicity for lung, e.g. V20, and other tissues. There are consequences for
      assessment of dose-effect relationships and of parameters used in treatment
      planning decisions and this is an opportune time to re-evaluate this information.

PMID- 18155308
TI  - Construction of a new plasmid for surface display on cells of Yarrowia
      lipolytica.
AB  - In this study, a new surface display plasmid (pINA1317-YlCWP110) was constructed
      in Yarrowia lipolytica using C-terminal anchor domain of YlCWP1 from Y.
      lipolytica based on plasmid pINA1317, a pre-existing auto-cloning system for
      heterologous protein production in Y. lipolytica. When the genes encoding
      enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and haemolysin derived from the
      bacterium Vibrio harveyi were cloned into the newly constructed surface display
      plasmid, respectively, and expressed in cells of Y. lipolytica, we found that the
      target proteins were successfully displayed on the yeast cells and 100% of the
      yeast cell had anchoring target proteins. It was also shown that the yeast cells
      displaying haemolysin had haemolytic activity towards erythrocytes from flounder,
      indicating that the fusion protein remained functional. Therefore, the newly
      constructed surface display plasmid will have many applications in different
      fields such as in immobilized biocatalyst, bioconversion, bioremediation, live
      vaccine development and ultra-high-throughput screening for the identification of
      novel biocatalysts because it has many unique characteristics. To our knowledge,
      this work constitutes the first report of a surface display expression system in
      Y. lipolytica.

PMID- 18155310
TI  - Method for reliable isolation of Lactobacillus sakei strains originating from
      Tunisian seafood and meat products.
AB  - In Tunisia, several food products derived from meat or seafood are naturally
      processed, without any addition of bacterial starters. Such fermented, dried
      cured, salted, or marinated products, as well as the raw meat or fish may thus
      provide a source to isolate the natural microflora colonizing such environments.
      We isolated lactic acid bacteria from a representative range of flesh-foods sold
      or manufactured in different parts of Tunisia, and selectively searched for
      Lactobacillus sakei, a lactic acid bacterium potentially useful as starter or
      protective culture. Eighty six (86) strains were isolated from various seafood
      (anchovy, sardine, sole, mullet, and octopus), or meat (pork, veal, beef, sheep,
      chicken, and turkey) products that were either fresh, or transformed by different
      traditional processes. Several methods were used in order to develop a rapid and
      reliable protocol for the direct identification of L. sakei. Amplified ribosomal
      DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) classified the various isolates into 9 distinct
      groups. Search for the presence of the L. sakei specific katA gene indicated that
      all positive isolates were grouped in the same ARDRA group. Sequencing of 16S
      rDNA confirmed those isolates as L. sakei. Those 22 different L. sakei strains
      represent 25.6% of the total isolates, while other isolates found in the
      different ARDRA groups were tentatively ascribed to Lactobacillus plantarum,
      Lactococcus lactis/garviae, Enterococcus avium, Streptococcus parauberis, Hafnia
      alvei, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus curvatus through 16S rDNA
      sequencing. A fast and reliable method to isolate and discriminate L. sakei from
      complex food environments is proposed.

PMID- 18155311
TI  - Use of results of microbiological analyses for risk-based control of Listeria
      monocytogenes in marinated broiler legs.
AB  - Microbial risk assessment provides a means of estimating consumer risks
      associated with food products. The methods can also be applied at the plant
      level. In this study results of microbiological analyses were used to develop a
      robust single plant level risk assessment. Furthermore, the prevalence and
      numbers of Listeria monocytogenes in marinated broiler legs in Finland were
      estimated. These estimates were based on information on the prevalence, numbers
      and genotypes of L. monocytogenes in 186 marinated broiler legs from 41 retail
      stores. The products were from three main Finnish producers, which produce 90% of
      all marinated broiler legs sold in Finland. The prevalence and numbers of L.
      monocytogenes were estimated by Monte Carlo simulation using WinBUGS, but the
      model is applicable to any software featuring standard probability distributions.
      The estimated mean annual number of L. monocytogenes-positive broiler legs sold
      in Finland was 7.2x10(6) with a 95% credible interval (CI) 6.7x10(6)-7.7x10(6).
      That would be 34%+/-1% of the marinated broiler legs sold in Finland. The mean
      number of L. monocytogenes in marinated broiler legs estimated at the sell-by
      date was 2 CFU/g, with a 95% CI of 0-14 CFU/g. Producer-specific L. monocytogenes
      strains were recovered from the products throughout the year, which emphasizes
      the importance of characterizing the isolates and identifying strains that may
      cause problems as part of risk assessment studies. As the levels of L.
      monocytogenes were low, the risk of acquiring listeriosis from these products
      proved to be insignificant. Consequently there was no need for a thorough
      national level risk assessment. However, an approach using worst-case and average
      point estimates was applied to produce an example of single producer level risk
      assessment based on limited data. This assessment also indicated that the risk
      from these products was low. The risk-based approach presented in this work can
      provide estimation of public health risk on which control measures at the plant
      level can be based.

PMID- 18155312
TI  - Optimal selection of organic solvents for biocompatible extraction of beta
      carotene from Dunaliella salina.
AB  - In the aim of beta-carotene biocompatible extraction, toxicity of various pure
      solvents belonging to different homologous series has been investigated for
      Dunaliella salina. The results showed that solvents having logP(oct) > 5 or
      having a molecular weight over 150 g/mol can be considered biocompatible for this
      microalga. The membrane critical solvent concentration for each series of
      solvents has been calculated applying Osborne's model, showing that the aliphatic
      chlorinated hydrocarbon is the most toxic family studied. Mixtures of a
      biocompatible solvent (decane) with a toxic solvent (CH(2)Cl(2), MEK, MTBE) have
      been studied. The beta-carotene extraction ability of CH(2)Cl(2)-decane mixture
      was found six times more efficient than with pure decane. It has been
      demonstrated that the extraction ability of solvent depends on its affinity with
      the product extracted and on its concentration incorporated in the cellular
      membrane.

PMID- 18155313
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of butyl hydroxycinnamates and their inhibitory effects on
      LDL-oxidation.
AB  - The potential of the Aspergillus niger type A feruloyl esterase (AnFaeA) for the
      synthesis of various phenolic acid esters was examined using a ternary-organic
      reaction system consisting of a mixture of n-hexane, 1- or 2-butanol and water.
      Reaction parameters including the type of methyl hydroxycinnamate, the
      composition of the reaction media, the temperature, and the substrate
      concentration were investigated to evaluate their effect on initial rate and
      conversion to butyl esters of sinapic acids. Optimisation of the reaction
      parameters lead to 78% and 9% yield for the synthesis of 1-butyl and 2-butyl
      sinapate, respectively. For the first time, a feruloyl esterase was introduced in
      the reaction system as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs), after optimisation
      of the immobilisation procedure, allowing the recycling and reuse of the
      biocatalyst. The inhibition of copper-induced LDL oxidation by hydroxycinnamic
      acids and their corresponding butyl esters was investigated in vitro. Kinetic
      analysis of the antioxidation process demonstrates that sinapate derivatives are
      effective antioxidants indicating that esterification increases the free acid's
      antioxidant activity especially on dimethoxylated compounds such as sinapic acid
      compared to methoxy-hydroxy-compounds such as ferulic acid.

PMID- 18155314
TI  - Viral hepatitis and HIV coinfection.
AB  - Persons at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are also
      likely to be at risk for other infectious pathogens, including hepatitis B virus
      (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). These are bloodborne pathogens transmitted
      through similar routes; for example, via injection drug use (IDU), sexual
      contact, or from mother to child during pregnancy or birth. In some settings, the
      prevalence of coinfection with HBV and/or HCV is high. In the context of
      effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), liver disease has emerged as a major
      cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected persons. Further, coinfection
      with viral hepatitis may complicate the delivery of ART by increasing the risk of
      drug-related hepatoxicity and impacting the selection of specific agents (e.g.,
      those dually active against HIV and HBV). Expert guidelines developed in the
      United States and Europe recommend screening of all HIV-infected persons for
      infection with HCV and HBV and appropriate management of those found to be
      chronically infected. Treatment strategies for HBV infection include the use of
      nucleos(t)ide analogues with or without anti-HIV activity and/or peginterferon
      alfa (PegIFN) whereas HCV treatment is limited to the combination of PegIFN and
      ribavirin (RBV). Current approaches to management of HIV-infected persons
      coinfected with HBV or HCV are discussed in this review.

PMID- 18155315
TI  - Enhancing the cellular uptake of siRNA duplexes following noncovalent packaging
      with protein transduction domain peptides.
AB  - The major limitation in utilizing information rich macromolecules for basic
      science and therapeutic applications is the inability of these large molecules to
      readily diffuse across the cellular membrane. While this restriction represents
      an efficient defense system against cellular penetration of unwanted foreign
      molecules and thus a crucial component of cell survival, overcoming this cellular
      characteristic for the intracellular delivery of macromolecules has been the
      focus of a large number of research groups worldwide. Recently, with the
      discovery of RNA interference, many of these groups have redirected their
      attention and have applied previously characterized cell delivery methodologies
      to synthetic short interfering RNA duplexes (siRNA). Protein transduction domain
      and cell penetrating peptides have been shown to enhance the delivery of multiple
      types of macromolecular cargo including peptides, proteins and antisense
      oligonucleotides and are now being utilized to enhance the cellular uptake of
      siRNA molecules. The dense cationic charge of these peptides that is critical for
      interaction with cell membrane components prior to internalization has also been
      shown to readily package siRNA molecules into stable nanoparticles that are
      capable of traversing the cell membrane. This review discusses the recent
      advances in noncovalent packaging of siRNA molecules with cationic peptides and
      the potential for the resulting complexes to successfully induce RNA interference
      within both in vitro and in vivo settings.

PMID- 18155316
TI  - Lipid-based delivery systems and intestinal lymphatic drug transport: a
      mechanistic update.
AB  - After oral administration, the majority of drug molecules are absorbed across the
      small intestine and enter the systemic circulation via the portal vein and the
      liver. For some highly lipophilic drugs (typically log P>5, lipid solubility>50
      mg/g), however, association with lymph lipoproteins in the enterocyte leads to
      transport to the systemic circulation via the intestinal lymph. The attendant
      delivery benefits associated with lymphatic drug transport include a reduction in
      first-pass metabolism and lymphatic exposure to drug concentrations orders of
      magnitude higher than that attained in systemic blood. In the current review we
      briefly describe the mechanisms by which drug molecules access the lymph and the
      formulation strategies that may be utilised to enhance lymphatic drug transport.
      Specific focus is directed toward recent advances in understanding regarding the
      impact of lipid source (both endogenous and exogenous) and intracellular lipid
      trafficking pathways on lymphatic drug transport and enterocyte-based first-pass
      metabolism.

PMID- 18155317
TI  - Preliminary study on biomarkers for the fungal resistance in Vitis vinifera
      leaves.
AB  - We examined the leaf chemical composition of six seedlings obtained by self
      pollination of the Bulgarian wine-making variety Storgozia as well as the
      cultivar Bouquet, which is the susceptible parent of Storgozia. The chemical
      composition was investigated in the framework of a program for identification of
      metabolites associated with disease resistance in grape-vine. Acetone,
      dichloromethane and butanol extracts, as well as volatiles obtained from fresh
      material were analyzed by GC/MS. Based on the correlations of the GC/MS data and
      estimated resistance of the leaves towards the etiological agents of powdery
      mildew, downy mildew and botrytis as biomarkers for the fungal resistance, we
      proposed 16 individual metabolites--alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, squalene, alpha
      amyrine, stigmasta-3,5-diene-7-one, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, glycolic acid, 3
      hydroxybutanoic acid, 3-hydroxycaproic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid,
      erythronic acid, arabinoic acid, monoethyl phosphate, undecyl laurate and
      isopropyl myristate. The obtained correlations were confirmed by cluster
      analysis.

PMID- 18155318
TI  - Morphological analysis of seed shape in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals altered
      polarity in mutants of the ethylene signaling pathway.
AB  - The shape of Arabidopsis thaliana dry seed is described here as a prolate
      spheroid. The accuracy of this approximation is discussed. Considering its
      limitations, it allows a geometric approximation to the analysis of changes
      occurring in seed shape during imbibition prior to seed germination as well as
      the differences in shape between genotypes and their changes during imbibition.
      The triple mutant ein2-1, ers1-2, etr1-7 presents notable alterations in seed
      shape. In addition, seeds of this and other mutants in the ethylene signaling
      pathway (ctr1-1, eto1-1, etr1-1, ein2-1) show different response to imbibition
      than the wild type. Imbibed seeds of the wild type increase their asymmetry
      compared with the dry seeds. This is detected by the relative changes in the
      curvature values in both poles. Thus, during imbibition of the wild-type seeds,
      the reduction in curvature values observed in the basal pole gives them an ovoid
      shape. In contrast, in the seeds of the ethylene mutants, reduction in curvature
      values occurs in both basal and apical poles, and its shape remains as a prolate
      spheroid. Our data indicate that the ethylene signaling pathway is involved, in
      general, in the complex regulation of seed shape and, in particular, in the
      establishment of polarity in seeds, controlling curvature values in the seed
      poles.

PMID- 18155319
TI  - Nail degloving, a polyetiologic condition with 3 main patterns: A new syndrome.
AB  - Nail degloving refers to partial or total avulsion of the nail and surrounding
      tissue (perionychium). Typically it appears as a thimble-shaped nail shedding or
      a partial or total loss of the nail organ with soft tissue. Nail degloving
      represents the end result of a variety of insults to the nail apparatus,
      including trauma, dermatologic diseases, and drug reactions.

PMID- 18155320
TI  - Diabetic dermopathy: A subtle sign with grave implications.
AB  - Diabetic dermopathy (DD) is the most common cutaneous manifestation of diabetes
      mellitus. DD refers to atrophic, hyperpigmented macules characteristically
      located on the shins of patients with diabetes. They have an unfavorable
      association with the 3 most common microangiopathic complications of diabetes
      mellitus: neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. A relationship between DD and
      coronary artery disease has also been demonstrated. Thus, the presence of DD
      should prompt aggressive intervention to detect diabetes mellitus and prevent the
      development of ensuing complications.

PMID- 18155321
TI  - Cholinergic regulation of neuropeptide Y synthesis and release in human
      neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - The biosynthesis and release of neuropeptide Y (NPY) is regulated by several
      factors. Here, the effect of the muscarinic agonist carbachol on NPY biosynthesis
      and release was analyzed utilizing the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. We
      observed that: (a) carbachol moderately increased the post-translational cleavage
      of proNPY to NPY; (b) carbachol treatment stimulated NPY accumulation into the
      medium in a time- and dose-related manner; (c) protein kinase C activation is
      involved in carbachol-mediated NPY synthesis/release (>6h). In conclusion, the
      present observations support the hypothesis that muscarinic receptor activation
      regulates the biosynthesis and secretion of NPY.

PMID- 18155322
TI  - Biological properties and functional determinants of the urotensin II receptor.
AB  - The urotensin II receptor (UT) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor
      (GPCR) family and binds the cyclic undecapeptide urotensin II (U-II) as well as
      the octapeptide urotensin II-related peptide (URP). The active UT mediates
      pleiotropic effects through various signal transduction pathways, including
      coupling to G proteins and activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase
      pathway. Several highly conserved residues and motifs of class A GPCRs that are
      important for activity are found in UT. This review highlights some of the
      putative roles of these motifs in the binding, activation and desensitization of
      UT.

PMID- 18155323
TI  - Age differences in perception and awareness of emotion.
AB  - We investigated the effects of age and gender on emotional perception and
      physiology using electrodermal skin conductance response (SCR) and examined
      whether SCR is related to subjective perceptions of emotional pictures. Older
      adults found pictures to be more positive and arousing than younger participants.
      Older women rated pictures more extremely at both ends of the valence continuum:
      they rated positive pictures more positively and negative pictures more
      negatively. Elders were less likely to show measurable SCRs. However, magnitude
      of SCRs when a response occurred did not differ between young and old. Subjective
      ratings of emotion correlated with physiological responses in younger
      participants, but they were unrelated in older participants. Thus, in older
      adults the perception of emotional events was disconnected from the physiological
      state induced by emotion.

PMID- 18155325
TI  - Improving the cellular pertussis vaccine: increased potency and consistency.
AB  - Although Europe, Canada and the US have switched from cellular to acellular
      pertussis vaccines, most developing countries will continue to use the more cost
      effective cellular vaccine. Consistency of production however is the typical
      problem inherent to cellular vaccines. Optimising the production process of
      cellular pertussis bulk suspensions using product potency as a measure is not
      possible, since the mandatory animal test to measure potency has little
      discriminatory power. To circumvent this problem, this study focussed on
      measuring process parameters related to consistency and potency instead, even
      though the extent of those relationships could not be quantified. Critical
      evaluation and modification of individual process steps lead to 2 optimised
      production processes, NVP-96 and NVP-THIJS. These were compared to the original
      NVP production process in terms of antigen and biomass content, potency, toxicity
      and immunogenicity in mice. The batch to batch variation for both optimised
      products was clearly less than the original product for all parameters tested.
      The biomass content of the NVP-THIJS product was 15% lower than that of the NVP
      96 product, while the immunogenicity in mice was twofold to threefold higher. The
      stability of the NVP-THIJS product remained higher than the NVP-96 product over a
      period of 2 years, while the decline of the potency of both suspensions was
      comparable.

PMID- 18155324
TI  - APOE genotype-specific differences in the innate immune response.
AB  - Apolipoprotein-E protein is an endogenous immunomodulatory agent that affects
      both the innate and the adaptive immune responses. Since individuals with the
      APOE4 gene demonstrate worsened pathology and poorer outcomes in many
      neurological disorders, we examined isoform-specific differences in the response
      of microglia, the primary cellular component of the brain's innate immune
      response, in detail. Our data demonstrate that microglia derived from APOE4/4
      targeted replacement mice demonstrate a pro-inflammatory phenotype that includes
      altered cell morphology, increased NO production associated with increased NOS2
      mRNA levels, and higher pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNFalpha, IL-6,
      IL12p40) compared to microglia derived from APOE3/3 targeted replacement mice.
      The effect is gene dose-dependent and increases with the number of APOE4 gene
      alleles. The APOE genotype-specific immune profile observed in the microglial
      immune response is also observed in the cortex of aged APOE3/3 and APOE4/4 mice
      treated with lipopolysacchride (LPS) and in peripheral (peritoneal) macrophages.
      To determine if APOE4's action resulted from an isoform-specific difference in
      effective levels of the apolipoproteins, we generated mice expressing only a
      single allele of APOE3. Immune-stimulated macrophages from APOE3/0 mice
      demonstrated an increased inflammatory response compared to APOE3/3 mice, but
      less than in APOE4/4 mice. These data suggest that inhibition of inflammation
      depends upon the dose of apoE3 protein available and that apoE4 protein may alter
      inflammation partly by dose effects and partly by being qualitatively different
      than apoE3. Overall, these data emphasize the important role of apolipoprotein E
      and of the APOE genotype on the immune responses that are evident in most, if not
      all, neurological disease.

PMID- 18155326
TI  - Incidence of mumps and immunity to measles, mumps and rubella among US military
      recruits, 2000-2004.
AB  - Recent mumps outbreaks have evoked concerns of decreasing mumps immunity among
      adolescents and adults, including US military recruits subject to differing mumps
      immunization policies. To compare mumps incidence and to assess initial measles,
      mumps and rubella seropositivity, we conducted a cohort study among recruits from
      2000 to 2004. Mumps incidence in the targeted MMR and universal MMR cohorts was
      4.1 and 3.5 per 100,000 person-years, respectively, giving an incidence rate
      ratio of 1.16 (P=0.67). Measles, mumps, and rubella seropositivity was 84.6%,
      89.5%, and 93.2%, respectively. Among recruits with measles and rubella immunity,
      92.8% were mumps immune. These findings support the policy of targeting MMR
      immunization based upon measles and rubella serology alone.

PMID- 18155327
TI  - Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast-CEA) as a potent activator of murine
      dendritic cells.
AB  - Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) represents a unique and attractive
      vehicle to deliver antigens in vaccine immunotherapy protocols for cancer or
      infectious disease, in that it has been shown to be extremely safe and can be
      administered multiple times to hosts. In the studies reported here, we describe
      the effects of treatment with recombinant yeast on murine immature dendritic
      cells (DCs). Yeast expressing human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a model
      antigen was studied. Injection of mice subcutaneously with yeast-CEA resulted in
      rapid increases in MHC class II(+) cells and total antigen-presenting cells in
      draining lymph nodes. Post-treatment with yeast-CEA, DCs rapidly elevated both
      MHC class I and class II, numerous costimulatory molecules and other DC
      maturation markers, and secreted a range of Type I inflammatory cytokines. Gene
      expression arrays also revealed the rapid up-regulation of numerous cytokine and
      chemokine mRNAs, as well as genes involved in signal transduction and antigen
      uptake. Functional studies demonstrated enhanced allospecific reactivity of DCs
      following treatment with yeast-CEA or control yeast. Additionally, treatment of
      DCs with yeast-CEA resulted in specific activation of CEA-specific CD8(+) T cells
      in an MHC-restricted manner in vitro. Lastly, vaccination of CEA-transgenic mice
      with yeast-CEA elicited antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) immune responses in
      vivo. Thus, these studies taken together form a scientific rationale for the use
      of recombinant yeast in vaccination protocols for cancer or infectious diseases.

PMID- 18155329
TI  - Watershed wash-off of atmospherically deposited radionuclides: review of the
      fluxes and their evolution with time.
AB  - Radionuclide transport with water from contaminated watersheds is an intermittent
      flux--also called watershed wash-off--which causes radionuclide redistribution in
      terrestrial ecosystems, and more critically radionuclide delivery to downstream
      waterbodies. Mean wash-off fluxes and their evolution with time have been
      generally quantified with transfer functions, which can be seen as transfer
      factors varying with time. But unfortunately the published quantifications rely
      on many analytical formulations for the transfer function. This paper aims at
      unifying the heterogeneous information concerning radionuclide wash-off. A
      generic transfer function model was proposed. Published wash-off quantifications
      were gathered in a database and converted within this new framework. This
      extensive review covered various radionuclides, source terms, processes, time and
      space scales reported in the literature since 1960. It demonstrated the
      feasibility of a generic wash-off model. Intervals of variations for the
      introduced coefficients were summarised and the influence of wash-off conditions
      were discussed. In some cases, the influence of wash-off conditions should be
      clarified to propose narrower parameter intervals for practical assessments.

PMID- 18155328
TI  - Complete rejection of a T-cell lymphoma due to synergism of T-cell receptor
      costimulatory molecules, CD80, CD40L, and CD40.
AB  - The equal importance of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of
      antigen presentation as well as the set of costimulatory signals provided by
      antigen presenting cells to T-cells in determining the outcome of T-cell
      responses at the time of antigen recognition is now clear. Moreover, an important
      function in innate mechanisms has been recently attributed to costimulatory
      molecules demonstrating their relevant role in different stages of immune
      response. In this paper, we demonstrated the ability of CD40L (CD154) and CD80
      costimulatory molecules expression in a T-cell lymphoma to induce both T-cell
      dependent and independent immune responses leading to an important anti-tumor
      effect. CD40 expression by LBC cells enhanced only T-cell dependent anti-tumor
      immune response resulting in tumor rejection. Furthermore, this work represents
      the first report to describe complete tumor rejection after co-inoculation of
      lymphoma cells transfected with CD40L and CD80 in either presence or absence of
      CD40 expressing lymphoma cells. In addition, this synergistic effect resulted in
      long lasting immunity to parental tumor cells. Co-inoculation of tumor cells each
      genetically modified to express a different costimulatory molecule circumvents
      the need to co-transfect genetically unstable tumor cells and represents an
      option for those weakly or non-immunogenic tumors where either treatment alone
      proved to be inefficient. This strategy represents a promising approach for
      inducing anti-tumor immunity and provides a new rational design of cancer
      therapies.

PMID- 18155330
TI  - The influence of temperature and hydration on the sorption properties of
      bentonite.
AB  - The effects of exposure to synthetic groundwater at elevated temperature
      gradients on the sorption properties of bentonite were investigated using the
      Mock-Up-Cz experiment. This experiment simulated the vertical placement of a
      container of radioactive waste according to the Swedish KBS-3 system for a period
      of more than 3 years. The mineralogical composition, as well as its chemical and
      physico-chemical properties, including the uptake of (99)TcO(4)(-) and
      (134)Cs(+), was used to evaluate the chemical changes caused by the long-term
      exposure of bentonite buffer to thermal and hydration gradients. It was found
      that the bentonite material was predominantly stable. No more than 2% of the
      montmorillonite was transformed due to thermal and moisture gradients. It was
      concluded that the new-formed mineral phases have no significant influence on the
      ion exchange and sorption properties of bulk bentonite samples.

PMID- 18155332
TI  - Use of satellite imagery to assess the trophic state of Miyun Reservoir, Beijing,
      China.
AB  - The objective of this research is to explore an appropriate way of monitoring and
      assessing water quality by satellite remote sensing techniques in the Miyun
      reservoir of Beijing, China. Two scene Thematic Mapper images in May and October
      of 2003 were acquired and simultaneous in situ measurements, sampling and
      analysis were conducted. Statistical analysis indicates that satellite-based
      normalized ratio vegetation index (NRVI) and in situ measured water chlorophyll a
      (Chl-a) concentration have very high correlation. Two linear regression models
      with high determination coefficients were constructed for NRVI and Chl-a of
      sample points. According to the modified trophic state index map, water quality
      in the western section of Miyun reservoir was consistently higher than in the
      eastern section during the two months tested. The trophic grade of the eastern
      reservoir remained mesotrophic with a tendency for eutrophication.

PMID- 18155331
TI  - Effects of Parkinson's disease and levodopa on functional limits of stability.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The voluntary, maximum inclined posture reflects the self-perceived
      limits of stability. Parkinson's disease is associated with small, bradykinetic
      postural weight shifts while standing but it is unclear whether this is due to
      reduced limits of stability and/or to the selection of abnormal strategies for
      leaning. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Parkinson's
      disease and levodopa medication on voluntary limits of stability and strategies
      used to reach these limits. METHODS: Fourteen subjects with Parkinson's disease
      (OFF and ON levodopa) and 10 age-matched controls participated in the study.
      Functional limits of stability were quantified as the maximum center of pressure
      excursion during voluntary forward and backward leaning. Postural strategies to
      achieve functional limits of stability were assessed by (i) body segments
      alignment, (ii) the difference between center of pressure and center of mass in
      preparation for a lean, (iii) the timing and the velocity of the preparation
      phase. FINDINGS: Functional limits of stability were significantly smaller in
      subjects with Parkinson's disease compared to control subjects. Subjects with
      Parkinson's disease maintained their stooped posture while leaning, initiated
      leaning with a smaller difference between center of pressure and center of mass
      and had a slower leaning velocity compared to control subjects. Levodopa enlarged
      the limits of stability in subjects with Parkinson's disease because of an
      increase in maximum forward, but not backward leans, but did not significantly
      improve postural alignment, preparation for a leaning movement, or velocity of
      leaning. INTERPRETATION: Parkinson's disease reduces functional limits of
      stability as well as the magnitude and velocity of postural preparation during
      voluntary, forward and backward leaning while standing. Levodopa improves the
      limits of stability but not the postural strategies used to achieve the leaning.

PMID- 18155333
TI  - A biological method to monitor early effects of the air pollution caused by the
      industrial exploitation of geothermal energy.
AB  - The suitability of a set of ecophysiological parameters, to be used as early
      warning indicator to detect signs of a worsening environment around geothermal
      power plants, was tested by comparison with the diversity of epiphytic lichens, a
      well-established indicator of geothermal air pollution. Samples of the lichen
      Evernia prunastri were transplanted around a geothermal power plant at Larderello
      (Tuscany, Italy) and at a control site, and integrity of cell membranes,
      concentration of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, chlorophyll integrity and
      variations in pH of thalli were measured. The results showed that cell membrane
      damage, expressed by changes in electrical conductivity, could be used to detect
      early (exposure periods as short as 1 month) deleterious effects of geothermal
      air pollution.

PMID- 18155334
TI  - "We grandmothers know plenty": breastfeeding, complementary feeding and the
      multifaceted role of grandmothers in Malawi.
AB  - This paper has two purposes: first of all, we examine grandmothers' role and
      views of child feeding practices in northern Malawi, and their influence on
      younger women's practices. Secondly, we consider the implications of these
      findings for health promotion activities and models of health education. Data
      were collected from semi-structured interviews, focus groups and a participatory
      workshop. Findings demonstrate that, to address child feeding practices which
      have an effect on nutrition, attention must be paid to the broader context that
      influences child nutrition, including extended family relations. Paternal
      grandmothers have a powerful and multifaceted role within the extended family in
      northern Malawi, both in terms of childcare and in other arenas such as
      agricultural practices and marital relations. Grandmothers often differ in their
      ideas about early child feeding from conventional Western medicine. Some
      practices have existed in the area at least since colonial times, and have strong
      cultural significance. Despite the important integrated role, older women have
      within households and communities in this part of Malawi, hospital personnel
      often have disparaging and paternalistic attitudes towards 'grannies' and their
      knowledge. Health education rarely involves grandmothers, and even if they are
      involved, their perspectives are not taken into consideration. Hospital staff
      often reject grandmother knowledge as part of a broader modernization paradigm
      which views 'traditional knowledge' as backward. Grandmothers view current child
      health conditions within a broader context of changing livelihood conditions and
      a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. The paper concludes by discussing the challenges
      of involving grandmothers in health education, and the difficulties of
      incorporating local knowledge into a medical system that largely rejects it.

PMID- 18155335
TI  - Social capital in its place: using social theory to understand social capital and
      inequalities in health.
AB  - Social capital has been controversially linked to public health benefits,
      particularly as an explanation for the relationship between economic inequalities
      and health. This paper focuses on social capital in this context, particularly a
      recent emphasis on social capital in neighbourhoods and growing use of Bourdieu's
      social theory in empirical investigations. A review of some of this work is used
      to suggest the need for a more coherent theoretical approach to using Bourdieu
      and to introduce an ethnographic study of social connections in New Zealand.
      Forty-six residents of, a rural town, a deprived city suburb, or an affluent
      suburb, volunteered to be interviewed about their social connections. Their talk
      was transcribed and analysed in terms of everyday practice. The results of this
      study suggest that social connections are not necessarily located in
      neighbourhoods, and that social capital will be better understood in a broader
      social context which includes competition for resources between deprived and non
      deprived groups, and the practices of all citizens across neighbourhoods. When
      considering social capital, an exclusive focus on deprived neighbourhoods as
      sites for research and intervention is not helpful.

PMID- 18155336
TI  - Social and structural violence and power relations in mitigating HIV risk of drug
      using women in survival sex work.
AB  - High rates of violence among street-level sex workers have been described across
      the globe, while in cities across Canada the disappearance and victimization of
      drug-using women in survival sex work is ongoing. Given the pervasive levels of
      violence faced by sex workers over the last decades, and extensive harm reduction
      and HIV prevention efforts operating in Vancouver, Canada, this research aimed to
      explore the role of social and structural violence and power relations in shaping
      the HIV risk environment and prevention practices of women in survival sex work.
      Through a participatory-action research project, a series of focus group
      discussions were conceptualized and co-facilitated by sex workers, community and
      research partners with a total of 46 women in early 2006. Based on thematic,
      content and theoretical analysis, the following key factors were seen to both
      directly and indirectly mediate women's agency and access to resources, and
      ability to practice HIV prevention and harm reduction: at the micro-level,
      boyfriends as pimps and the 'everyday violence' of bad dates; at the meso-level,
      a lack of safe places to take dates, and adverse impacts of local policing; and
      at the macro-level, dopesickness and the need to sell sex for drugs. Analysis of
      the narratives and daily lived experiences of women sex workers highlight the
      urgent need for a renewed HIV prevention strategy that moves beyond a solely
      individual-level focus to structural and environmental interventions, including
      legal reforms, that facilitate 'enabling environments' for HIV prevention.

PMID- 18155337
TI  - Socioeconomic status and health-related quality of life among elderly people:
      results from the Joint Canada/United States Survey of Health.
AB  - The objective of this study was to assess the independent effect of income on
      health-related quality of life (HRQL) among older adults in Canada and the United
      States. Data were obtained from the 2002-2003 Joint Canada/United States Survey
      of Health. The sample consisted of 755 Canadians and 1,151 Americans aged 65
      years or older. HRQL was measured with the multidimensional Health Utilities
      Index Mark 3 (HUI3). The results indicated that in the elderly population, HRQL
      was significantly associated with household income in the United States but not
      in Canada, controlling for sociodemographic and health indicators. Various
      explanations for the positive linear relationship between HRQL and income in the
      elderly population are discussed, including the roles of access to health care
      and socioeconomic inequalities in the United States and Canada.

PMID- 18155338
TI  - Reconsidering patient empowerment in chronic illness: a critique of models of
      self-efficacy and bodily control.
AB  - Studies that focus on patient empowerment tend to address more specifically two
      issues of patients' experience of illness: managing regimens and relating to
      health-care providers. Other aspects of illness experience, such as coming to
      terms with disrupted identities, tend to be overlooked. The outcome of
      empowerment is therefore usually referred to as achieving self-efficacy, mastery
      and control. We conducted an inductive exploratory study, based on individual in
      depth interviews with 40 chronically ill patients in Belgium and Italy, in order
      to understand the process of empowerment as it may occur in patients whose
      experience of illness has at some point induced a feeling of powerlessness, which
      we conceptualised as a threat to their senses of security and identity. Our
      findings show that empowerment and control are not one and the same thing. We
      describe patient empowerment as a process of personal transformation which occurs
      through a double process of (i) "holding on" to previous self-representations and
      roles and learning to control the disease and treatment, so as to differentiate
      one's self from illness on the one hand, and on the other hand (ii) "letting go",
      by accepting to relinquish control, so as to integrate illness and illness-driven
      boundaries as being part of a reconciled self. Whereas the process of separating
      identities ("holding on") was indeed found to be linked to efforts aimed at
      taking control and maintaining or regaining a sense of mastery, the process of
      reconciling identities ("letting go") was found to be linked to a need for
      coherence, which included a search for meaning and the acceptance that not
      everything is controllable. We argue that the process of relinquishing control is
      as central to empowerment as is the process of gaining control. As a "successful"
      process of empowerment occurs when patients come to terms with their threatened
      security and identity, not only with their treatment, it may be facilitated by
      health-care providers through the use of narratives.

PMID- 18155339
TI  - Early top-down influences on bistable perception revealed by event-related
      potentials.
AB  - A longstanding debate exists in the literature concerning bottom-up vs. top-down
      influences on bistable perception. Recently, a technique has been developed to
      measure early changes in brain activity (via ERPs) related to perceptual
      reversals (Kornmeier & Bach, 2004). An ERP component, the reversal negativity
      (RN) has been identified, and is characterized as an increase in negative
      potential over the posterior scalp from 150 to 350 ms for perceptual reversals
      compared to perceptual stability. This finding, although interesting, has not
      helped resolve issues related to the bottom-up vs. top-down debate because top
      down influences have not been directly manipulated. The current study focused on
      resolving some of these issues by measuring the RN while observers maintained one
      of three 'intentional approaches', (1) try to reverse perception as often as
      possible, (2) try to stabilize perception for as long as possible, and (3)
      maintain a passive approach. Enhancements in RN amplitude were found for the
      intention-to-reverse condition compared to the passive condition. This finding
      suggests an early influence (150 ms) of top-down control on perceptual reversals
      of bistable figures. Results are discussed in terms of competing attention
      shifting vs. fatigue-based theories of bistable perception.

PMID- 18155340
TI  - A pilot study of evaluation of the antioxidative activity of resveratrol and its
      analogue in a 6-month feeding test in young adult mice.
AB  - Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin, has free-radical scavenging activity and
      we found that it induces chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and sister
      chromatid exchanges in vitro. We synthesized its analogue 4-hydroxy-trans
      stilbene (4-OH) and found that it has the same in vitro clastogenic activities as
      resveratrol, suggesting that the 4' hydroxy group of resveratrol is responsible
      for the effect. We fed resveratrol and 4-OH to young adult ICR mice at 0, 0.2, 2,
      or 20 ppm in their standard powder diet for 6 months and investigated the
      antioxidative effects. Half of each group was given 3000 ppm potassium bromate
      (KBrO(3)) in water for the last week to cause oxidative damage. Body weight gain
      tended to increase in males at 0.2 ppm resveratrol or 4-OH, and in females at 2
      ppm 4-OH. Micronucleus (MN) analysis in bone marrow erythrocytes showed that the
      KBrO(3) tendency to induce MN was not prevented by the dietary resveratrol or 4
      OH, which themselves did not induce MN under the present conditions. In this
      pilot study, resveratrol and 4-OH showed no obvious effect, either beneficial or
      adverse, at doses that are feasible in daily life for humans.

PMID- 18155341
TI  - Gene expression profiling in human lung fibroblast following cadmium exposure.
AB  - Cadmium is a naturally occurring metallic element with food and smoking being the
      main sources of exposure in the non-occupationally exposed population. Chronic
      exposure to cadmium leads to tumors in a number of tissues including lung. In the
      present study we investigated genes whose expression is modified by Cd exposure
      in human lung fibroblast WI38-VA13 cells. We employed a cDNA microarray
      hybridization method to identify changes in the gene expression profile. Thirty
      five genes were identified as cadmium-responsive. Their level of expression
      differed significantly from controls (significance analysis of microarray; SAM,
      q<5%). The largest groups of gene products affected by cadmium exposure were
      those involved in cell cycle, immunity and defense, nucleoside metabolism and
      signal transduction. Repressed expression of E2f1, Tubb and Actg2 following
      cadmium exposure may contribute to the cell cycle arrest. Down-regulation of Eno1
      indicates a potential for causing protooncogene expression and possibly for
      cadmium-induced carcinogenicity. These results may contribute to better
      understand the toxic mechanism of cadmium toxicity. Moreover, the gene expression
      profile of cadmium could provide potential biomarkers for cadmium exposure.

PMID- 18155342
TI  - Effect of naturally occurring phenolic acids on the expression of glutathione S
      transferase isozymes in the rat.
AB  - Naturally occurring plant phenols, protocatechuic and tannic acids, have been
      reported to be inhibitors of chemical mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in
      experimental models. Our previous studies, have shown that these compounds
      modulate the activity of phases 1 and 2 enzymes in rodents. The aim of the
      present study was to investigate whether these compounds affect protein levels of
      rat hepatic and renal glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes. Male Wistar rats
      were treated intraperitoneally with protocatechuic or tannic acid at 50 mg/kg
      body weight five times during 14 days. 3-Methylcholanthrene (MC) was administered
      at 20 mg/kg body weight on day 13 (the last treatment with phenolic compounds)
      and on day 14. Tissues were obtained from rats terminated 24 h after the last
      treatment. Western blot analysis with specific antibodies showed significant
      differences in the effect of the phenolic compounds in the liver and kidney. In
      the liver, protocatechuic acid significantly increased the constitutive GSTmicro,
      while tannic acid reduced the GSTalpha protein level by 60%. Both plant phenols
      decreased all classes of constitutive GST isozymes in the kidney including GSTpi,
      and also the MC-induced GSTalpha and/or pi protein levels. These results, as well
      as our previous reports, suggest that protocatechuic and tannic acids interfere
      with the pathways related to xenobiotic toxicities and carcinogenesis. This
      effect may be important for chemoprotective activity of these plant phenols.

PMID- 18155343
TI  - Nordihydroguaiaretic acid attenuates potassium dichromate-induced oxidative
      stress and nephrotoxicity.
AB  - Larrea tridentata also known as Creosote bush, Larrea, chaparral, greasewood or
      gobernadora has been used in the folk medicine for the treatment of several
      illnesses. The primary product that is present at high concentrations in the
      leaves from this plant is nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) which is a powerful
      antioxidant. On the other hand, potassium dichromate (K(2)Cr(2)O(7))-induced
      nephrotoxicity is associated with oxidative stress. The aim of this work was to
      study the effect of NDGA on K(2)Cr(2)O(7)-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative
      stress. Nephrotoxicity was induced by a single injection of K(2)Cr(2)O(7) (15
      mg/Kg). A group of K(2)Cr(2)O(7)-treated rats was administered NDGA by mini
      osmotic pumps (17 mg/Kg/day). The results show that NDGA was able to ameliorate
      the structural and functional renal damage evaluated by histopathological
      analysis and by measuring proteinuria, urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-d
      glucosaminidase, serum creatinine, and serum glutathione peroxidase activity. In
      addition, immunostaining of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and 3-nitrotyrosine, markers of
      oxidative and nitrosative stress, respectively, was ameliorated by the NDGA
      treatment. These data strongly suggest that the antioxidant properties of NDGA
      are involved in its renoprotective effect in K(2)Cr(2)O(7)-treated rats.

PMID- 18155344
TI  - Safety assessment of ellagic acid, a food additive, in a subchronic toxicity
      study using F344 rats.
AB  - Ellagic acid is a phenolic acid compound, used as a food additive for its
      antioxidative properties. Because of its chemical characteristics, use is also to
      be expected in cosmetics. The present 90-day subchronic toxicity study was
      performed in F344 rats at dose levels of 0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5% in powdered basal
      diet, with actual doses of 9.4, 19.1, 39.1 g/kg b.w., respectively, in males, and
      10.1, 20.1, 42.3 g/kg b.w. in females. No mortality or treatment-related clinical
      signs were observed throughout the experimental period. Body weight gain was
      significantly reduced from weeks 3 (5% group), 6 (2.5% group) and 7 (1.25% group)
      to the end of the experiment (except week 8 in the lowest group) in the treated
      females, the final body weights being decreased in the 5% (92.5%), 2.5% (94.2%)
      and 1.25% (94.8%) treated groups as compared to the control. Changes in MCV and
      serum AST, ALP, Ca, Cl and P were sporadically observed, but these were not
      considered to be treatment-related alterations. There were no obvious
      histopathological changes in any of the groups. The no-observed-effect level
      (NOEL) was estimated to be 5% (3011 mg/kg b.w./day) for males and the no-observed
      adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and NOEL in females were estimated to be 5% (3254
      mg/kg b.w./day) and <1.25% (778 mg/kg b.w./day), respectively.

PMID- 18155345
TI  - Yessotoxin induces the accumulation of altered E-cadherin dimers that are not
      part of adhesive structures in intact cells.
AB  - We have studied the alteration induced by yessotoxin in the E-cadherin-catenin
      system of epithelial cells by stabilizing the protein-protein interactions in
      oligomers, through the introduction of covalent bonds between subunits in vitro
      and in vivo. The E-cadherin-catenin complexes that we have stabilized by
      crosslinking comprise multiple forms of dimeric, trimeric, tetrameric and
      hexameric complexes, with different subunit compositions. A 1-day treatment of
      MCF-7 cells with yessotoxin resulted in an increase in cellular levels of the
      complexes including a 100kDa fragment of E-cadherin (ECRA100), with a relative
      increase in cellular E-cadherin .ECRA100 heterodimers, as opposed to the E
      cadherin homodimer that represents the core structure of the E-cadherin-catenin
      system of adhesive structures in normal cells. The high MW oligomers of cell
      adhesive structures, in turn, were not appreciably altered by cell treatment with
      yessotoxin. Most of these oligomers partitioned in a fraction that cannot be
      solubilized by non-ionic detergents after crosslinking of intact cells.
      Yessotoxin treatment did not significantly alter the levels of ECRA100 in the
      Triton X-100 resistant fraction of plasma membrane, but increased the relative
      abundance of ECRA100 in the Triton X-100 soluble pool of crosslinked cells. We
      have concluded that cell exposure to yessotoxin leads to increased cellular
      contents of E-cadherin .ECRA100 heterodimers that are not participating to cell
      adhesive structures but are located in other membranous fractions of intact
      cells.

PMID- 18155346
TI  - Yessotoxin inhibits the complete degradation of E-cadherin.
AB  - Previous in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies on the effects of yessotoxin
      (YTX) on E-cadherin have provided conflicting results with regard to alterations
      of its turnover. We have then studied the effects of YTX on the degradation
      pathway of E-cadherin in intact cells under controlled conditions, and found that
      the 100kDa E-cadherin fragment (ECRA100) accumulated in cells exposed to YTX is
      an intermediate degradation product, detectable when the process is altered by
      agents interfering with endocytosis and lysosomal functioning. Cell treatment
      with YTX slows down the degradation of ECRA100, without affecting the half-lives
      of intact E-cadherin and its associated proteins beta-catenin and gamma-catenin.
      When cells have been treated with an inhibitor of proteasomes (lactacystin), the
      accumulation of ECRA100 induced by YTX was reduced. Accumulation of ECRA100, in
      turn, was observed after cells were exposed to inhibitors of lysosomal
      functioning (chloroquine) and of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (chloropromazine),
      but not to agents interfering with the caveolae-mediated pathway (nystatin and
      filipin III). The actin cytoskeleton was involved in endocytosis of ECRA100,
      because its accumulation was detected after MCF-7 cells had been treated with
      cytochalasin D. Nocodazole treatment of MCF-7 cells, in turn, did not lead to
      detection of ECRA100, indicating that microtubules should not be involved in its
      degradation. We have concluded that YTX interferes with the degradation pathway
      of E-cadherin by slowing down the endocytosis and complete disposal of the
      ECRA100 intermediate proteolytic fragment, whose cell levels are consequently
      increased in cells exposed to the toxin. These findings reconcile the apparent
      contradictions of previous studies, showing that YTX does not promote E-cadherin
      degradation per se, but interferes with its complete disposal.

PMID- 18155348
TI  - Are numbers special? An overview of chronometric, neuroimaging, developmental and
      comparative studies of magnitude representation.
AB  - There is a current debate whether the human brain possesses a shared
      representation for various types of magnitude such as numerical quantities,
      physical size, or loudness. Here, we critically review evidence from
      chronometric, neuroimaging, developmental and comparative fields, and supplement
      it with a meta-analysis of the neuroimaging data. Together, based on such an
      integrative overview, we discuss limitations inherent in each approach, and the
      possibility whether shared, or distinct magnitude representation, or both
      representations exist.

PMID- 18155347
TI  - Characterization of chlorpyrifos-induced apoptosis in placental cells.
AB  - The mechanism by which chlorpyrifos exerts its toxicity in fetal and perinatal
      animals has yet to be elucidated. Since the placenta is responsible for transport
      of nutrients and is a major supplier hormone to the fetus, exposure to
      xenobiotics that alter the function or viability of placenta cells could
      ostensibly alter the development of the fetus. In this study, JAR cells were used
      to determine if CPF and the metabolites 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) and
      chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPO) are toxic to the placenta. Our results indicate that
      chlorpyrifos (CPF), and its metabolite chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPO) caused a dose
      dependent reduction in cellular viability with CPF being more toxic than its
      metabolites. Chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity was characterized by the loss of
      mitochondrial potential, the appearance of nuclear condensation and
      fragmentation, down-regulation of Bcl-2 as well as up-regulation of TNFalpha and
      FAS mRNA. Pharmacological inhibition of FAS, nicotinic and TNF-alpha receptors
      did not attenuate CPF-induced toxicity. Atropine exhibited minimal ability to
      reverse toxicity. Furthermore, signal transduction inhibitors PD98059, SP600125,
      LY294002 and U0126 failed to attenuate toxicity; however, SB202190 (inhibitor of
      p38alpha and p38beta MAPK) sensitized cells to CPF-induced toxicity. Pan-caspase
      inhibitor Q-VD-OPh produced a slight but significant reversal of CPF-induced
      toxicity indicating that the major caspase pathways are not integral to CPF
      induced toxicity. Taken collectively, these results suggest that chlorpyrifos
      induces apoptosis in placental cells through pathways not dependent on FAS/TNF
      signaling, activation of caspases or inhibition of cholinesterase. In addition,
      our data further indicates that activation of p38 MAPK is integral to the
      protection cells against CPF-induced injury.

PMID- 18155349
TI  - Disulfiram-like effect of cyproterone acetate.

PMID- 18155350
TI  - Genetic influence on stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine the genetic and environmental influence on the liability
      for stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse surgery. METHODS: We
      used the Swedish Twin Registry to identify all same-sex female twin pairs with
      known zygosity born from 1926 to 1958. Occurrence of stress urinary incontinence
      and pelvic organ prolapse surgery was determined by cross-linkage to the Swedish
      Inpatient Registry. By comparing mono- and dizygotic female twins, we determined
      twin similarity and the relative proportions of phenotypic variance resulting
      from genetic and environmental factors. Using statistical modelling, the
      liability for pelvic floor surgery explained by heritability versus shared and
      non-shared environmental effects was estimated. RESULTS: We identified 3376
      complete monozygotic and 5067 dizygotic same-sex female twin pairs. There was
      greater twin similarity among monozygotic compared with dizygotic twins, which
      indicates the influence of a genetic component to the aetiology of both stress
      urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse surgery. For both disorders,
      genetic and non-shared environmental factors equally contributed about 40% of the
      variation in liability. Shared environment accounted for approximately one fifth
      of the total variance for the two disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic effects
      contribute to the occurrence of both stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ
      prolapse, but the influence of environmental factors is substantial. Significant
      environmental effects suggest that the liability for benign pelvic floor surgery
      is amenable to intervention.

PMID- 18155351
TI  - Editorial comment on: Genetic influence on stress urinary incontinence and pelvic
      organ prolapse.

PMID- 18155352
TI  - Sleep improves sequential motor learning and performance in patients with
      prefrontal lobe lesions.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Motor skill learning involves both practice and a latent, sleep
      dependent process of consolidation that develops after training ("off-line"
      learning). Sleep consolidation is linked to reduced brain activation in
      prefrontal areas, along with strong involvement of parietal regions. The
      objective in this study was to investigate the influence of sleep on the
      consolidation process of a motor task in patients with prefrontal damage.
      PATIENTS AND METHODS: For that purpose 14 patients with acquired focal prefrontal
      lesions, 15 age-matched healthy controls, and five patients with parietal lesions
      were evaluated on a serial reaction time task, SRTT, before and after a night of
      monitored sleep. Verbal and working memory was also tested. We anticipated that
      patients with prefrontal lesions, who are impaired in the acquisition of motor
      tasks, would benefit greater from sleep than the other two groups, since
      consolidation does not depend on prefrontal regions. RESULTS: Prefrontal patients
      showed an erratic learning curve at night, with great inter- and intrasubject
      variability that normalized after sleep. They also showed higher overnight
      learning of the motor skill and improvement on speed performance on the SRTT. No
      differences in the other memory tests were found between sessions. CONCLUSION:
      Prefrontal-injured patients benefit from night sleep in terms of motor task
      learning and performance, likely related to an advantageous off-line learning.
      Sleep could play a role in motor rehabilitation programs in prefrontal patients.

PMID- 18155353
TI  - Flow injection preconcentration system using a new functionalized resin for
      determination of cadmium and nickel in tobacco samples.
AB  - A solid-phase extraction method combined with flow injection (FI) on-line flame
      atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for the determination of cadmium and nickel
      in tobacco samples is presented. The 2-aminothiophenol functionalized Amberlite
      XAD-4 (AT-XAD) resin was synthesized by covalent coupling of the ligand with the
      copolymer through a methylene group. A minicolumn packed with AT-XAD was
      connected into the automated on-line preconcentration system. Elution of metal
      ions from minicolumn can be made with 0.50 mol L(-1) hydrochloric acid solution.
      With a consumption of 21.0 mL of sample solution, detection limits (3 s) of 0.3
      (Cd) and 0.8 microg L(-1) (Ni) were achieved at a sample throughput of 18 h(-1).
      Enrichment factors (EF) of 99 (cadmium) and 43 (nickel) were obtained compared
      with the slope of the linear portion of the calibration curves before and after
      preconcentration. The contents of Cd and Ni in a certified reference material
      (NIST 1570a, spinach leaves) determined by the present method was in good
      agreement with the certified value. The developed procedure was also successfully
      applied to the determination of Cd and Ni in local tobacco samples.

PMID- 18155354
TI  - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace amounts of heavy
      metal ions after solid phase extraction using modified sodium dodecyl sulfate
      coated on alumina.
AB  - A sensitive and selective solid phase extraction procedure for the determination
      of traces of Cu(II), Zn(II), Pb(II) and Fe(III) has been developed. An alumina
      sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) coated on with meso-phenyl bis(indolyl) methane
      (MPBIM) was used for preconcentration and determination of Cu(II), Zn(II), Pb(II)
      and Fe(III) ions by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The analyte ions were
      adsorbed quantitatively on adsorbent due to their complexation with MPBIM.
      Adsorbed metals were quantitatively eluted using 6 mL of 4 mol L(-1) nitric acid.
      The effects of parameters such as pH, amount of alumina, amount of MBITP, flow
      rate, type and concentration of eluting agent were examined. The effects of
      interfering ions on the separation-preconcentration of analytes were also
      investigated. The relative standard deviation of the method was found to be less
      than 3.0%. The presented procedure was successfully applied for determination of
      analytes in real samples.

PMID- 18155355
TI  - Carbon-enriched coal fly ash as a precursor of activated carbons for SO2 removal.
AB  - Carbon-enriched coal fly ash was evaluated in this work as a low-cost adsorbent
      for SO2 removal from stack gases. The unburned carbon in coal fly ash was
      concentrated by mechanical sieving and vegetal oil agglomeration. The carbon
      concentrates were activated with steam at 900 degrees C in order to develop
      porosity onto the samples. The performance of these samples in the SO2 abatement
      was tested in the following conditions: 100 degrees C, 1000 ppmv SO2, 5% O2, 6%
      water vapor. A good SO2 removal capacity was shown by some of the studied samples
      that can be related to their textural properties. Cycles of SO2
      adsorption/regeneration were carried out in order to evaluate the possibility of
      thermal regeneration and re-use of these carbons. Regeneration of the exhausted
      carbons was carried out at 400 degrees C of temperature and a flow of 25 ml/min
      of Ar. After each cycle, the SO2 removal capacity of the sample decreases.

PMID- 18155356
TI  - Decolourization of dye-containing effluent using mineral coagulants produced by
      electrocoagulation.
AB  - The colour and colour causing-compounds has always been undesirable in water for
      any use, be it industrial or domestic wastewaters. The discharge of such
      effluents causes excessive oxygen demand in the receiving water and then a
      treatment is required before discharge into ecosystems. This study examined the
      possibility to remove colour causing-compounds from effluent by chemical
      coagulation, in comparison with direct electrocoagulation. The inorganic
      coagulants (C1, C2 and C3) in the form of dry powder tested, were respectively
      produced from electrolysis of S1=[NaOH (7.5 x 10(-3)M)], S2=[NaCl (10(-2)M)], and
      S3=[NaOH (7.5 x 10(-3)M)+NaCl (10(-2)M)] solutions, using sacrificial aluminium
      electrodes operated at an electrical potential of 12 V. Reactive textile dye (CI
      Reactive Red 141) was used as model of colour-causing compound prepared at a
      concentration of 50 mgl(-1). The best performances of dye removal were obtained
      with C(2) having a chemical structure comprised of a mixture of polymeric specie
      (Al45O45(OH)45Cl) and monomeric species (AlCl(OH)2.2H2O and Al(OH)3). The removal
      efficiency (R(A)) evaluated by measuring the yields of 540 nm-absorbance removal
      varied from 41 to 96% through 60 min of treatment by imposing a concentration of
      C2 ranging from 100 to 400 mg l(-1). The effectiveness of the treatment increased
      and the effluent became more and more transparent while increasing C(2)
      concentration. The comparison of chemical treatment using C2 coagulant and direct
      electrocoagulation of CI Reactive Red 141 containing synthetic solution
      demonstrated the advantage of chemical treatment during the first few minutes of
      treatment. A yield of 88% of absorbance removal was recorded using C2 coagulant
      (400 mg l(-1)) over the first 10 min of treatment, compared to 60% measured using
      direct electrocoagulation while imposing either 10 or 15 V of electrical
      potential close to the value (12 V) required during C2 production. However, at
      the end of the treatment (after 60 min of treatment), CI Reactive Red 141
      pollutant was completely removed from solution (540 nm-absorbance removal of
      100%) using direct electrochemical treatment, compared to 96.4% of absorbance
      removed while treating dye-containing synthetic solution by means of C2
      coagulant.

PMID- 18155358
TI  - A phenomenological model of fluctuation electron microscopy for a
      nanocrystal/amorphous composite.
AB  - Fluctuation electron microscopy (FEM) is a quantitative electron microscopy
      technique in which we use the variance V of spatial fluctuations in
      nanodiffraction as a function of the diffraction vector magnitude k and real
      space resolution R to detect medium-range order in amorphous materials. We have
      developed a model for V(k, R) from a nanocrystal/amorphous composite, which is an
      idealized form of the medium-range order in various amorphous materials found by
      previous FEM measurements. The resulting expression for V(k, R) as a function of
      the nanocrystal size, nanocrystal volume fraction, and the sample thickness
      connects the FEM signal to well-defined aspects of the material's structure,
      emphasizes the need for samples of controlled thickness, and explains in some
      cases the relative height of peaks in V(k). We give an example of interpreting
      FEM data in terms of this model using recent experiments on amorphous Al88Y7Fe5.

PMID- 18155357
TI  - Test-item sequence affects false memory formation: an event-related potential
      study.
AB  - False memories arise when people 'remember' experiences that have never occurred.
      Using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, researchers have demonstrated
      that participants tend to falsely recognize non-studied words (lures) that are
      associated to previously studied words. Several questions, however, remain
      regarding the neurocognitive basis of false memory formation. Various encoding
      manipulations have been shown to affect the behavioral and electrophysiological
      correlates of false memories, but little is known about whether false memory
      formation and its neurophysiological correlates are influenced by different test
      contexts. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) during the DRM paradigm,
      wherein the test included lures that were either preceded by semantically related
      words or not. Results indicated more false recognitions for lures preceded by
      related words than for lures that were not preceded by related words at test.
      Furthermore, the former elicited more positive parietal potentials at 300-600 ms
      relative to the latter. These findings suggest that test context critically
      affects behavioral and neurophysiological responses for false memory, providing
      further insight into the neurocognitive basis of human memory.

PMID- 18155359
TI  - PMN-mediated immune reactions against Eimeria bovis.
AB  - For successful in vivo infection, Eimeria bovis sporozoites have to traverse the
      mucosal layer of the ileum to infect lymphatic endothelial cells and may,
      thereby, be exposed to the interstitial fluid and to the lymph representing
      potential targets for leukocytes. To mimic this situation in vitro, we exposed E.
      bovis sporozoites to bovine PMN and found enhanced elimination of the parasites.
      Addition of immune serum clearly increased these reactions, whereas neonatal calf
      serum had no effect, thus proposing a PMN-derived antibody-dependent
      cytotoxicity. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed PMN engulfing
      sporozoites or extending filopodia towards them and occasionally incorporating
      the parasites. PMN reacted with enhanced transcription of IL-6, MCP-1, GROalpha,
      TNF-alpha, and iNOS genes after exposure to sporozoites while stimulation with
      merozoite-antigen, in addition, upregulated IL-8, IP-10 and IL-12 gene
      transcription. Furthermore, enhanced in vitro oxidative burst and phagocytic
      activities were observed after contact of PMN with viable sporozoites. To verify
      the potential role of PMN in the in vivo situation, we analysed the general
      phagocytic and oxidative burst activities of PMN obtained ex vivo from E. bovis
      experimentally infected calves. Enhanced levels of both activities were found
      early p.i. (1-5 days) and towards the end of the first schizogony (days 13-22
      p.i.) underlining the in vitro data. Our results suggest that PMN-mediated,
      innate immune reactions play an important role in the early immune response to E.
      bovis infections in calves.

PMID- 18155360
TI  - Oral administration of moxidectin for treatment of murine acariosis due to
      Radfordia affinis.
AB  - A field trial was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of oral
      administration of moxidectin in mice naturally infected with the fur mites
      Radfordia affinis. The natural infection was diagnosed in two colonies within a
      large academic institution by direct hair examination. Animals received
      moxidectin (1% Cydectin, FortDodge) at an oral dosage of approximately 2 mg/kg
      body weight by micropipette; administration was repeated after 15 days. Forty
      mice served as an untreated control group. Moxidectin treatment resulted in
      clinical improvement within a few days after initial treatment, and mites were
      eradicated from all infested animals at day 30. No side effects or signs of ill
      health were observed in any of the treated animals. To our knowledge, this is the
      first report of oral moxidectin for treatment of murine acariosis.

PMID- 18155362
TI  - Exploration of basal diurnal salivary cortisol profiles in middle-aged adults:
      associations with sleep quality and metabolic parameters.
AB  - The use of saliva samples is a practical and feasible method to explore basal
      diurnal cortisol profiles in free-living research. This study explores a number
      of psychological and physiological characteristics in relation to the observed
      pattern of salivary cortisol activity over a 12-h period with particular emphasis
      on sleep. Basal diurnal cortisol profiles were examined in a sample of 147
      volunteers (mean age 46.21+/-7.18 years). Profiles were constructed for each
      volunteer and explored in terms of the area under the curve (AUC) of the cortisol
      awakening response with samples obtained immediately upon waking (0, 15, 30 and
      45 min post waking) and at 3, 6, 9 and 12h post waking to assess diurnal decline.
      Diurnal mean of cortisol was based on the mean of cortisol at time points 3, 6, 9
      and 12h post waking. Psychological measures of perceived stress and sleep were
      collected with concurrent biological assessment of fasting plasma glucose,
      insulin, blood lipids and inflammatory markers. Blunted cortisol profiles,
      characterised by a reduced AUC, were observed in the majority (78%) of a middle
      aged sample and were associated with significantly poorer sleep quality and
      significantly greater waist-hip ratio (WHR). Blunted cortisol profiles were
      further associated with a tendency to exhibit a less favourable metabolic
      profile. These findings suggest that reduced cortisol secretion post waking may
      serve as an additional marker of psychological and biological vulnerability to
      adverse health outcomes in middle-aged adults.

PMID- 18155363
TI  - Effects of learning on song preferences and Zenk expression in female songbirds.
AB  - Male songbirds learn to produce their songs, and females attend to these songs
      during mate choice. The evidence that female song preferences are learned early
      in life, however, is mixed. Here we review studies that have found effects of
      early song learning on adult song preferences, and those that have not. In at
      least some species, early experience with song can modify adult song preferences.
      Whether this learning needs to occur during an early sensitive phase, akin to
      male imitative vocal learning, or not remains an open question. Studies of the
      neural bases for female song preferences highlight activity (as measured by
      immediate-early gene induction) in regions of the auditory forebrain as often,
      but not always, being associated with song preferences. Immediate-early gene
      induction in these regions, however, is not specific to songs experienced early
      in life. On the whole, inherited factors, early experience, and adult experience
      all appear to play a role in shaping female songbirds preferences for male songs.

PMID- 18155361
TI  - Endogenous neurotensin is involved in estrous cycle related alterations in
      prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex in female rats.
AB  - Ovarian hormones regulate prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle
      reflex. Results from studies in intact female rodents investigating sex, estrous
      cycle and ovarian hormone regulation of PPI are inconsistent. In experiment #1,
      we investigated whether PPI in female rats is influenced by the time of day of
      testing and the estrous cycle stage of the rat. PPI was examined across the day
      of proestrus (P) and diestrus 1 (D1) in female rats and compared to males. PPI in
      males and P females was significantly higher than in D1 females. PPI in males and
      D1 females was significantly affected by the time of day of testing with PPI
      being reduced in the afternoon and evening compared to morning. PPI in P females
      was not significantly affected by the time of day of testing. Previous studies
      have demonstrated estrous cycle regulation of central nervous system neurotensin
      (NT) neurons and peripherally administered NT receptor agonists regulate PPI in a
      manner similar to antipsychotic drugs. Experiment #2 of this study was designed
      to examine whether endogenous NT is involved in estrous cycle regulation of PPI.
      The NT receptor antagonist SR 142948A reduced the high levels of PPI during D1
      and P. In contrast, when tested at a time of day in which PPI was low in D1
      females, administration of both the typical antipsychotic drug haloperidol and
      the NT receptor antagonist significantly increased PPI. These data support an
      effect of time of day and estrous cycle stage on PPI in female rats. The estrous
      cycle variations in PPI are mediated in part by endogenous NT.

PMID- 18155364
TI  - Mortality prior to, during and after opioid maintenance treatment (OMT): a
      national prospective cross-registry study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) is generally considered to reduce
      mortality in opiate dependents. However, the level of mortality reduction is
      still uncertain. This study investigates mortality reductions in an "intention-to
      treat" perspective including all dropouts. The mortality reducing effects of OMT
      are examined both within treatment and post-treatment. The study separates
      overdose and total mortality reductions. METHODS: The study is a prospective
      cross-registry study with up to 7 years follow-up. All opiate dependents in
      Norway who applied for OMT (a total of 3789 subjects) were cross-linked with data
      from the death registry from Statistics Norway. Date and cause of death were
      crossed with dates for initiation and termination of OMT, and subjects' age and
      gender. A baseline was established from the waiting list mortality rate.
      Intention-to-treat was investigated by analysing mortality among the entire
      population that started OMT. RESULTS: Mortality in treatment was reduced to RR
      0.5 (relative risk) compared with pre-treatment. In the "intention-to-treat"
      perspective, the mortality risk was reduced to RR 0.6 compared with pre
      treatment. The patients who left the treatment programme showed a high-mortality
      rate, particularly males. CONCLUSIONS: OMT significantly reduces risk of
      mortality also when examined in an intention-to-treat perspective. Studies that
      evaluate effects of OMT only in patients retained in treatment tend to
      overestimate benefits. Levels of overdose mortality will influence the risk
      reduction. Cross-registry studies as the current one are an important supplement
      to other observational designs in this field.

PMID- 18155365
TI  - MMsat--a database of potential micro- and minisatellites.
AB  - We present MMsat-a database of DNA sequences from GenBank possessing the latent
      periodicity at high level of statistical significance and having the period
      length in a range from 2 to 100 bases. The periodicity was found by analytical
      method of information decomposition. These sequences can be considered as
      potential micro- and minisatellites and thus can be useful for PCR analysis and
      evolutional studies. Distribution, properties, and potential functions of
      periodicity are discussed.

PMID- 18155366
TI  - Examination for a viral co-factor in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
      (PMWS).
AB  - In order to test the hypothesis that a putative co-factor for the development of
      postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs could be of viral
      origin, we performed extensive virological examinations on organ material from
      pigs diagnosed with PMWS originating from within a Danish PMWS-transmission
      study. Virus isolation attempts were carried out on a large panel of different
      cell types including primary pig kidney cells and lung macrophages, primary
      rabbit kidney cells and seven established cell lines (MARC-145, ST117, PK15,
      BHK21, HeLa, Vero, and MDCK). Although these represent cells with susceptibility
      to a wide range of known viruses, the results did not provide evidence for a
      specific virus other than PCV2 contributing to the development of PMWS.
      Furthermore, in order to test whether specific genotypes of PCV2 may trigger the
      switch from PCV2 infection to clinical disease, we compared complete DNA genome
      sequences of PCV2 derived from PMWS-positive as well as PMWS-negative pigs. On
      the basis of the DNA sequences, the PCV2 isolates were divided into two groups.
      Group 1 consisting of one isolate originating from a herd unaffected by PMWS,
      with group 2 consisting of nine isolates originating from four PMWS-affected
      herds, four PMWS-positive pigs plus one unaffected herd. The PCV2 genomes from
      the two groups showed 95.5% identity. Alignment analyses of the sequences
      encoding the replicase and capsid protein from group 1 and group 2 PCV2 isolates
      showed two amino acid differences encoded in the replicase protein, while 19
      amino acid differences were predicted among the capsid protein sequences. The
      PCV2 DNA sequence analysis supports recent observations from studies in USA as
      well as Europe, which suggest that strain variations may influence the clinical
      outcome of PCV2 infection.

PMID- 18155367
TI  - West Nile virus in the endangered Spanish imperial eagle.
AB  - The Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) is considered to be the most
      endangered European eagle. The species is an endemic resident in the Southwestern
      Iberian Peninsula. We used RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and seroneutralization to
      test samples from 13 wild and 18 captive eagles. WNV was detected by RT-PCR in
      tissues and/or oropharyngeal swabs of eight of 10 (80%) imperial eagles analyzed,
      and both in apparently clinically healthy birds, and in animals that died due to
      secondary infections but had symptoms/lesions compatible with WNV.
      Immunohistochemistry detected WNV antigen in Purkinje cells in the cerebellum,
      epithelial cells of the gizzard and duodenum, perivascular inflammatory cells,
      and in Kupffer-cells and hepatocytes. Serum antibodies against WNV were detected
      in a total of five out of 21 imperial eagles (23.8%), including free-living
      nestlings (two out of nine samples, 22.2%) and captive adult eagles (three out of
      12 samples, 25%). Our results evidence WNV circulation among free-living and
      captive Spanish imperial eagles in South-central Spain, a dry inland region with
      no previous WNV evidence, throughout 6 consecutive years. They also indicate the
      need for further research into this important zoonosis in order to better
      understand its epidemiology in the Mediterranean ecosystem and in order to
      understand the role of WNV in the population dynamics of the critically
      endangered Spanish imperial eagle.

PMID- 18155368
TI  - The relationship between the viral RNA level and upregulation of innate immunity
      in spleen of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus.
AB  - Persistent infection in cattle with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), which is
      classified in the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae, may result in growth
      retardation and immunosuppression. In vitro infection with noncytopathogenic
      (ncp) BVDV has been shown to suppress interferon (IFN) responses, whereas ncpBVDV
      induces transient strong IFN responses in vivo following acute infection of naive
      cattle. In this study, the innate immune response of the spleen, a crucial organ
      for immune system homeostasis, from PI cattle was analyzed. The transcription of
      five IFN- and apoptosis-related mRNAs (Mx1, iNOS, OAS-1, PKR, and TNF-alpha),
      which was upregulated in response to BVDV replication in our previous in vitro
      studies, and the level of viral RNA were quantified using real-time RT-PCR.
      Upregulation of Mx1, OAS-1, PKR, and TNF-alpha mRNA expression was detected in
      the spleens of PI cattle regardless of their age, and induction of apoptosis was
      also upregulated in the spleens of PI cattle compared with those of nonPI cattle.
      Although it cannot be excluded that the innate immune responses may be activated
      in response to any secondary infections in immunosuppressed cattle, the absence
      of any pathogenic microorganisms in the PI cattle and the statistically
      significant correlation between innate immune responses and the viral RNA level
      indicates that there may be a positive relationship between the increased level
      of viral RNA replication and upregulation of innate immunity in vivo.

PMID- 18155369
TI  - A metronomic schedule of cyclophosphamide combined with PEGylated liposomal
      doxorubicin has a highly antitumor effect in an experimental pulmonary metastatic
      mouse model.
AB  - Metronomic chemotherapy is a novel approach to the control of advanced cancer, as
      it appears to preferentially inhibit endothelial cell activity in the growing
      vasculature of tumors. Doxorubicin-containing sterically stabilized liposomes
      (DXR-SL) accumulate in large amounts in tumor tissue, resulting in enhanced
      antitumor effects of the encapsulated DXR. In the present study, it was
      hypothesized that metronomic chemotherapy may further augment the accumulation of
      DXR-SL, improving its therapeutic efficacy. This study tests the antitumor
      efficacy for the combination of a metronomic cyclophosphamide (CPA)-dosing
      schedule with sequential intravenous injections of DXR-SL in the treatment of
      lung metastatic B16BL6 melanoma-bearing mice. Three dosing schedules for the
      combination of metronomic CPA injections (s.c. 170 mg/kg every 6 days) plus
      either a low or a high dose of DXR-SL (i.v. 1 or 5 mg/kg every 6 days) were set:
      Schedule I, DXR-SL was given 3 days before the first CPA treatment; Schedule II,
      DXR-SL and CPA were given simultaneously; and, Schedule III, DXR-SL was given 3
      days after the first CPA treatment. Lung weight and median survival time (MST)
      were evaluated. As expected, both the dosing schedule as well as the dose of DXR
      SL improved therapeutic efficacy. Schedule I with the low DXR dose and Schedule
      II with the low or high DXR dose significantly increased MST, compared with
      regular metronomic CPA therapy. Under the dosing schedules (Schedule I with the
      low DXR dose and Schedule II with the high DXR), there was a strong relationship
      between increased MST and decreased lung weight. However, Schedule I with high
      DXR dose resulted in significantly lower lung weights, but did not increase MST,
      suggesting that chemotherapy may result in increased toxicity in some conditions.
      Although treatment regimens require optimization, the results of the present
      study may prove useful in further explorations of combining metronomic
      chemotherapy with liposomal anticancer drugs in the treatment of solid tumors.

PMID- 18155370
TI  - Preparation and evaluation of N(3)-O-toluyl-fluorouracil-loaded liposomes.
AB  - This study was aimed at developing a liposome delivery system for a new and
      potential antitumor lipophilic prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu)-N(3)-O-toluyl
      fluorouracil (TFu), intended to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic
      efficacy of 5-Fu by oral and intravenous administration. TFu-loaded liposomes
      were prepared by a modified film dispersion-homogenization technique, the
      formulation and manufacture parameters were optimized concerning the drug
      encapsulation efficiency. TFu-loaded liposomes were characterized according to
      particle size, size distribution, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency,
      drug loading and physical stability, respectively. In vitro release
      characteristics, in vivo pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailabilities were
      also investigated. The formulated liposomes were found to be relatively uniform
      in size (400.5 +/- 9.6 nm) with a negative zeta potential (-6.4 +/- 0.8 mV). The
      drug entrapment efficiency and loading were (88.87 +/- 3.25%) and (8.89 +/-
      0.19%), respectively. The physical stability experiments results indicated that
      lyophilized TFu-loaded liposomes were stable for at least 9 months at 4 degrees
      C. In vitro drug release profile of TFu-loaded liposomes followed the bi
      exponential equation. The results of the pharmacokinetic studies in mice
      indicated that the bioavailability of TFu-loaded liposomes was higher than the
      suspension after oral administration, and was bioequivalent comparing with TFu
      50% alcohol solution after intravenous (i.v.) administration. These results
      indicated that TFu-loaded liposomes were valued to develop as a practical
      preparation for oral or i.v. administration.

PMID- 18155371
TI  - Hydroxyethylated cationic cholesterol derivatives in liposome vectors promote
      gene expression in the lung.
AB  - Three cationic cholesterol derivatives (CCDs), which differ in their types of
      amine and bear a hydroxyethyl group at the amine group, were synthesized and
      formulated into liposomes and nanoparticles as gene delivery vectors. In vitro
      transfection into A549 cells proved that liposomes formulated with CCDs and
      dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) of 1/2 molar ratio were more effective
      than the corresponding nanoparticles with CCDs and Tween 80 at charge ratios (+/
      ) of 1/2, 3/1 and 5/1. Among the liposomal formulations, non-hydroxyethylated
      CCDs were more effective than hydroxyethylated ones in vitro. However, gene
      transfection in the lung through intratracheal injection showed opposite results
      to those in vitro, with liposomes containing hydroxyethylated CCDs being more
      potent than those containing non-hydroxyethylated CCDs. Transfection by liposomes
      with N,N-methyl hydroxyethyl aminopropane carbamoyl cholesterol iodide (MHAPC)
      showed the highest luciferase activity, resulting in 2- and 60-fold higher gene
      expression than jet-PEI and naked DNA, respectively. The distribution of MHAPC
      lipoplex after intratracheal injection was heterogeneous, and luciferase was
      expressed in epithelial cells lining the bronchi and bronchioles. All the
      lipoplexes led to higher TNF-alpha levels in the lung compared to the nanoplex
      and jet-PEI, but our findings suggested that modification of the cationic
      cholesterol with a hydroxyethyl group at the tertiary amine terminal, MHAPC,
      promoted gene expression in the lung without increasing the toxicity compared
      with other CCDs. This work firstly proved that liposomes containing
      hydroxyethylated CCDs could promote gene expression in the lung through
      intratracheal injection.

PMID- 18155372
TI  - The spectrophotometric study of the binding of vitamin E to water + dimethyl
      sulfoxide and water + diethyl sulfoxide containing reversed micelles.
AB  - The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and its nearest homologue diethyl
      sulfoxide (DESO) as a polar cosolvents on the binding of vitamin E to water +
      DMSO (DESO) containing reversed micelles of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)
      sulfosuccinate (AOT) has been investigated by a spectrophotometric method. The
      results suggest that compare with water without organic cosolvent-containing
      reversed micelles in this case an increase of binding constant of vitamin E in
      reversed micelles takes place. The results obtained shown that with the addition
      of DMSO and DESO it will be possible to monitoring a penetration of vitamin E
      into micellar core.

PMID- 18155373
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetics and distribution kinetics in brain of phencynonate
      enantiomers in rats.
AB  - To investigate the pharmacokinetics in blood and the distribution kinetics in
      brain of enantiomers of novel anticholinergic agent phencynonate (N-methyl-9alpha
      (3-azabicyclo[3,3,1]nonanyl)-2'-cyclopentyl-2'-hydroxyl-2'-phenylacetate), we
      collected blood and implanted microdialysis probes in the cerebral frontal cortex
      of rats. Phencynonate enantiomers (0.35 mg/kg, i.m.) were then cross
      administered, and the microdialysates were collected using in situ microdialysis
      sampling in the brain of freely moving rats, and the concentration of
      phencynonate enantiomers was determined by the validated method of liquid
      chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from
      the blood and the brain dialysate concentrations of phencynonate enantiomers
      versus time data. The disposition profiles of the phencynonate enantiomers were
      best fitted to a first order absorption, two-compartment open model in rats. In
      general, there were some differences when comparing the mean kinetic parameters
      of S- and R-phencynonate in the blood and brain, but the distinct diversity
      between individual animals made the statistical difference not obvious.
      Therefore, stereoselective disposition of phencynonate isomers was not obviously
      observed in rat.

PMID- 18155374
TI  - Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extracts of
      Lychnophora species.
AB  - Extracts from Lychnophora species are traditionally used in Brazil as anti
      inflammatory, and to treat bruise, pain and rheumatism. The ethanolic extract of
      aerial parts of five species of Lychnophoras and one specie of Lychnophoriopsis
      were examined for the antinociceptive (hot-plate and writhing tests) and anti
      inflammatory (carrageenan-induced paw oedema test) activity in mice, by oral and
      topical routes, respectively. In the hot-plate test, the Lychnophora pinaster
      (0.75 g/kg) and Lychnophora ericoides (1.50 g/kg) extracts significantly
      increased the time for licking of the paws. The species Lychnophora passerina,
      Lychnophoriopsis candelabrum and Lychnophora pinaster, using the dose of 0.75
      g/kg, and Lychnophora ericoides and Lychnophora trichocarpha in both doses
      evaluated (0.75 and 1.50 g/kg) significantly reduced the number of writhes
      induced by acetic acid. The administration of Lychnophora pinaster and
      Lychnophora trichocarpha ointments, in both concentrations evaluated (5 and 10%,
      w/w), and Lychnophora passerina and Lychnophoriopsis candelabrum, in the
      concentration of 10%, significantly reduced the paw oedema measured 3 h after
      carrageenan administration, suggesting, for the first time, an anti-inflammatory
      activity upon topical administration of these species. The present work
      comparatively demonstrated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities
      of some Brazilian Lychnophoras.

PMID- 18155375
TI  - Determination of a newly encountered designer drug "p-methoxyethylamphetamine"
      and its metabolites in human urine and blood.
AB  - A newly synthesized designer drug, para-methoxyethylamphetamine (PMEA) was
      unexpectedly detected in the postmortem specimens of fatality involving drug
      intoxication in 2005, Japan. For unequivocal identification, the isomeric
      discrimination of PMEA and its positional-isomers was performed by GC/MS with the
      trifluoroacetylation. In order to prove the intake of PMEA, the characteristic
      metabolites of PMEA were also identified by GC/MS analysis of the urine specimen
      with trifluoroacetylation. As a result, para-methoxyamphetamine, para
      hydroxyethylamphetamine (POHEA) and para-hydroxyamphetamine were identified as
      the major metabolites of PMEA. For the quantitative analyses of PMEA and its
      three metabolites in body fluids, an automated column-switching LC/MS procedure
      was developed, and applied to the postmortem blood and urine specimens. In this
      fatal case, blood concentration of PMEA was estimated to be 12.2 microg/mL and
      this level seemed extremely high in comparison with lethal blood-levels of its
      analogues, representing acute-intoxication of the victim. Based on the
      quantitative results, PMEA was found to be extensively metabolized to POHEA via O
      demethylation, partly followed by its conjugation.

PMID- 18155376
TI  - Biochemical and genetic analysis of Leigh syndrome patients in Korea.
AB  - Sixteen Korean patients with Leigh syndrome were identified at the Seoul National
      University Children's Hospital in 2001-2006. Biochemical or molecular defects
      were identified in 14 patients (87.5%). Thirteen patients had respiratory chain
      enzyme defects; 9 had complex I deficiency, and 4 had combined defects of complex
      I+III+IV. Based on the biochemical defects, targeted genetic studies in 4
      patients with complex I deficiency revealed two heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA
      mutations in ND genes. One patient had the mitochondrial DNA T8993G point
      mutation. No mitochondrial DNA defects were identified in 11 (68.7%) of our LS
      patients, who probably have mutations in nuclear DNA. Although a limited study
      based in a single tertiary medical center, our findings suggest that isolated
      complex I deficiency may be the most common cause of Leigh syndrome in Korea.

PMID- 18155378
TI  - HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis of the constituents of aqueous preparations of verbena
      and lemon verbena and evaluation of the antioxidant activity.
AB  - Verbena and lemon verbena aqueous preparations were investigated for their
      content of constituents, especially polyphenols by HPLC/DAD/ESI/MS analysis
      because they are used worldwide as herbal teas. The main class of compounds of
      these plants were phenylpropanoids (from 16 to 120 mg/g of dried extract), being
      verbascoside the most abundant in all the preparations up to 97% of the total
      phenylpropanoids. Also iridoids, hastatoside and verbenalin together with
      flavonoids, mono- and di-glucuronidic derivatives of luteolin and apigenin were
      found. These simple preparations, especially that obtained from infusion of lemon
      verbena, could be lyophilized to obtain a powder having interesting technological
      properties to be used as ingredients of cosmetics, food supplements and herbal
      medicinal products do to the many biological properties of verbascoside. In
      addition, the antioxidant property of the lemon verbena infusion was evaluated by
      the DPPH test using Trolox as the reference compound.

PMID- 18155379
TI  - Determination of Ziprasidone in pharmaceutical formulations by capillary zone
      electrophoresis.
AB  - The atypical antipsychotic drug Ziprasidone was determined by capillary zone
      electrophoresis in pharmaceutical formulations. Extraction of the drug from the
      formulation consisted in a simple dissolution step with methanol as solvent, and
      enables determination of the drug without any interference from the excipients.
      It was found that at pH of the background electrolyte above 5 the peak of the
      drug exhibited a tailing, at pH 6 or higher even a disappearance of the peak in
      the electropherogram was observed. This behaviour was related to the concomitant
      reduction of the solubility of the drug in the background electrolyte upon
      deprotonation at higher pH. As a consequence, analyses were carried out with
      formate buffer, pH 3.0, and enabled run times of about 3 min. The method was
      validated in terms of stability, specificity, precision, accuracy, linearity,
      quantitation limits, and robustness, and was applied to the analysis of different
      commercial capsules.

PMID- 18155380
TI  - Impact of abdominal helical computed tomography on the rate of negative
      appendicitis.
AB  - Helical abdominal computed tomography (HCT) is a common test in the evaluation of
      patients with presumed appendicitis. Studies have demonstrated HCT to have high
      sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value. Despite
      this, there has not been consistent demonstration that HCT has had beneficial
      effect on patient outcome. The objective of this study was to assess the impact
      of HCT on patient outcome as measured by the rate of negative appendicitis and
      perforated appendicitis. Patients were identified from a pathology department
      database that included all patients taken to the operating room with a pre
      operative diagnosis of appendicitis. Pathologic specimen analysis was used to
      determine the presence of appendicitis and perforation. Two periods were studied:
      Period A, a 4-year interval before the arrival of HCT; and Period B, a 3-year
      period several years after the incorporation of HCT into the evaluation of
      suspected appendicitis. Primary outcome measures were the rates of negative
      appendicitis and perforated appendicitis. During Period A, 316 patients were
      identified; 12% had conventional computed tomography, none had HCT. The negative
      appendicitis rate was 15.5%; the perforated appendicitis rate was 11.6%. During
      Period B, 477 patients were identified; 81.5% had HCT. The negative appendicitis
      rate was 7.9%; the perforated appendicitis rate was 14.4%. The difference in
      negative appendicitis rates was 7.6% (3.0%, 12.4%), and in perforated
      appendicitis it was -2.8% (95% CI -8.0%, 2.1%). At the study institution, there
      was a 48% decrease in the rate of negative appendicitis encountered in
      association with the common use of HCT.

PMID- 18155381
TI  - Satisfactory outcome after severe ethanol-induced lactic acidosis and
      hypoglycemia.

PMID- 18155382
TI  - Trauma scissors vs. the rescue hook, exposing a simulated patient: a pilot study.
AB  - The objective of this study was to compare the exposure times using trauma
      scissors vs. the rescue hook on a simulated patient. This was a prospectively
      randomized, parallel group comparison study with two arms. The control group used
      trauma scissors (15 cycles), and the intervention group used rescue hooks (15
      cycles). The uniform and footwear were standardized for each cycle. Ten
      participants were trained on each instrument. For each cycle, four participants
      were randomly chosen, and the use of either instrument was randomized. Each
      participant was then queried about their preferences for either instrument and
      why. The rescue hook's mean time of exposure was 24 s with a SD of 7 s and a 95%
      confidence interval (CI) of 20-28 s. The trauma scissors' mean exposure time was
      42 s with a SD of 5 s and a 95% CI of 39-45 s. The mean difference was 18 s, with
      a 95% CI of 13-23 s. On average, the rescue hook was 43% faster. Nine of 10
      participants preferred the rescue hook, stating that it was faster, easier,
      smaller, and more durable. The rescue hook was found to be faster than trauma
      scissors when exposing a simulated patient, and it was the instrument preferred
      by the majority of participants.

PMID- 18155383
TI  - Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: update for emergency physicians.
AB  - Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a serious cause of stroke that
      affects 30,000 patients in North America annually. Due to a wide spectrum of
      presentations, misdiagnosis of SAH has been reported to occur in a significant
      proportion of cases. Headache, the most common chief complaint, may be an
      isolated finding; the neurological examination may be normal and neck stiffness
      absent. Emergency physicians must decide which patients to evaluate beyond
      history and physical examination. This evaluation--computed tomography (CT)
      scanning and lumbar puncture (LP)--is straightforward, but each test has
      important limitations. CT sensitivity falls with time from onset of symptoms and
      is lower in mildly affected patients. Traumatic LP must be distinguished from
      true SAH. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis centers on measuring xanthochromia. Debate
      exists about the best method to measure it--visual inspection or
      spectrophotometry. An LP-first strategy is also discussed. If SAH is diagnosed,
      the priority shifts to specialist consultation and cerebrovascular imaging to
      define the offending vascular lesion. The sensitivity of CT and magnetic
      resonance angiography are approaching that of conventional catheter angiography.
      Emergency physicians must also address various management issues to treat or
      prevent early complications. Endovascular therapy is being increasingly used, and
      disposition to neurovascular centers that offer the full range of treatments
      leads to better patient outcomes. Emergency physicians must be expert in the
      diagnosis and initial stabilization of patients with SAH. Treatment in a hospital
      with both neurosurgical and endovascular capability is becoming the norm.

PMID- 18155384
TI  - A right scrotal abscess and foreign body ingestion in a schizophrenic patient.
AB  - A 38-year-old man with a history of schizophrenia presented with pain and
      swelling of his testicles, with the right side worse than the left. Physical
      examination was remarkable for a very firm, large, right-sided scrotal mass.
      Testicular ultrasound was suspicious for neoplasm or abscess. On the pelvic
      computed tomography (CT) scan, which was obtained as part of a metastatic cancer
      work-up, two metallic foreign bodies were identified in the pelvis. On further
      questioning, the patient admitted to ingesting the nails 2 days prior, in a
      suicide attempt. We review the evaluation of unilateral scrotal pain and
      swelling, and incidental foreign body ingestion.

PMID- 18155385
TI  - Subdural empyema complicating sinusitis.
AB  - Acute sinusitis is a common childhood illness most often involving the ethmoid
      and maxillary sinuses. Diagnosis is usually based on a history of an upper
      respiratory tract infection lasting longer than 7 days with a prominent nasal
      component. Treatment involves 10-14 days of antibiotics. Intracranial
      complications of pediatric sinusitis are rare, but potentially life-threatening.
      These include cavernous sinus thrombosis, orbital and intracranial extension, and
      meningitis. Children with these complications may experience significant
      morbidity from their infection. In such cases, delay in diagnosis and treatment
      may lead to irreparable brain damage or death. We report a case of sinusitis
      causing a subdural empyema in an otherwise healthy immunocompetent adolescent
      boy.

PMID- 18155386
TI  - The ethical attitude of emergency physicians toward resuscitation in Korea.
AB  - This study was conducted to assess the various ethical attitudes of emergency
      specialists in Korea toward resuscitation. A questionnaire investigating the
      following key topics concerning the ethics of resuscitation was sent to emergency
      specialists in Korea: when not to attempt resuscitation, when to stop
      resuscitation, withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, diagnosis of death by non
      physicians, permission for family members to stay with the patient during
      resuscitation, and teaching with the body of the recently deceased patient. We
      found broad variation in medical practice at patient death and in the ethical
      considerations held and followed by emergency physicians (EPs) during
      resuscitation in Korea. Initiating and concluding resuscitation attempts were
      practiced according to ethical and cultural norms, as well as medical conditions.
      Guidelines for resuscitation ethics that are based on the Korean medico-legal
      background need to be developed. Education of EPs to solve the ethical dilemma in
      resuscitation is needed.

PMID- 18155388
TI  - "Timing It Right": a conceptual framework for addressing the support needs of
      family caregivers to stroke survivors from the hospital to the home.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Discuss family caregivers of stroke survivors' changing needs for
      education and support across the care continuum. METHODS: Conceptual review.
      RESULTS: Stroke is a serious, sudden onset illness requiring care across the care
      continuum. The focus of care, the individuals primarily responsible for providing
      that care, and patients' self-care abilities change across care environments.
      Often family members who provide support also experience changes in their
      caregiving role. To date, however, interventions for family caregivers have not
      explicitly considered their changing support needs. Our "Timing It Right"
      framework highlights family caregivers changing experiences and corresponding
      support needs across the care continuum. Five different phases of caregiver
      support are discussed: (1) event/diagnosis; (2) stabilization; (3) preparation;
      (4) implementation; (5) adaptation. The first two phases occur during acute care,
      the third occurs during acute care and/or in-patient rehabilitation, and the
      final two phases occur in the community. CONCLUSIONS: Application of this
      framework has the potential to benefit future intervention efforts by identifying
      gaps in caregiver education, training, and support. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS:
      Recognition of family caregivers changing support needs across the care continuum
      will assist health care professionals to provide more timely and appropriate
      support.

PMID- 18155389
TI  - Laparoscopic versus open colorectal resection for cancer: a meta-analysis of
      results of randomized controlled trials on recurrence.
AB  - AIMS: Laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer remains controversial. This is
      because it is uncertain whether recurrence rates after laparoscopic-assisted
      surgery is comparable to those reported after open surgery. We performed a meta
      analysis of the published literature in an attempt to answer this question.
      METHODS: Eligible articles were identified by searches of MEDLINE, EMBase and the
      Cochrane database. Prospective randomized clinical trials were eligible if they
      included patients with colorectal cancer treated by laparoscopic surgery versus
      open surgery and followed for recurrence. RESULTS: Ten trials with information on
      disease recurrence on 2474 patients were included. In the combined results, no
      statistically significant difference in the OR for overall recurrence between the
      laparoscopic surgery and open surgery group was found (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.71-1.21,
      P=0.58). Stratified by recurrence type, the combined results of the individual
      reports show no statistically significant difference for local recurrence (OR
      0.80, 95% CI 0.50-1.29, P=0.36), distant metastases (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.62-1.29,
      P=0.56) and port or wound-site recurrence (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.18-6.03, P=0.97)
      between the two surgical techniques. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis supports that
      the recurrence rates for patients with colorectal cancer treated by laparoscopic
      surgery do not differ from those for open surgery. Longer follow-up studies will
      further define outcomes, comparing the two techniques in the treatment of
      colorectal cancer.

PMID- 18155390
TI  - [Perioperative management of a patient with an acquired von Willebrand syndrome].
AB  - We report the case of a man suffering from a monoclonal gammapathy with an
      acquired von Willebrand disease in a perioperative context. This pathology is
      rare, but is important to diagnose because of the possible haemorrhagic
      complications encountered. We describe the main therapeutic options available
      today to prevent bleeding during major surgery.

PMID- 18155391
TI  - [Immunomodulation in severe leptospirosis with multiple organ failure: plasma
      exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin or corticosteroids?].
AB  - We report a case of severe leptospirosis complicated with a multiple organ
      failure syndrome. A 62-year-old patient presented a picture associating fever,
      asthenia and myalgias, particularly intense on the calves. The assessment showed
      acute renal failure, hyperbilirubinemia, severe rhabdomyolysis and
      thrombocytopenia. Although initial management associating amoxicilline and
      continuous veino-venous hemodiafiltration, evolution was unfavourable, with SDRA
      and increase of hyperbilirubinemia. Administration of a bolus of 500 mg of
      methylprednisolone, associated with intravenous immunoglobulin (0,4 g/kg per day
      during five days), led to a rapid clinical and biological improvement.
      Immunomodulation aspects during leptospirosis are discussed.

PMID- 18155392
TI  - [Ventricular fibrillation following deodorant spray inhalation].
AB  - We report one case of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with ventricular
      fibrillation following butane poisoning after inhalation of antiperspiration
      aerosol. An early management using semi-automatic defibrillator explained the
      success of the resuscitation. The mechanism of butane toxicity could be an
      increased sensitivity of cardiac receptors to circulating catecholamines,
      responsible for cardiac arrest during exercise and for resuscitation
      difficulties. The indication of epinephrine is discussed.

PMID- 18155393
TI  - [Occupational hazards related to the practice of anaesthesia].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the occupational hazards related to the practice of
      anaesthesia and to give the preventing measures related to these risks. DATA
      SOURCES: The Medline data bank, the specialized reviews of Occupational medicine
      and the bank of data of the Regional Case Disease in "Ile-de-France" were
      consulted. The key words employed separately or in combination were: anaesthesia,
      occupational hazards, anaesthetic gas, stress, working conditions, burnout,
      addiction, occupational blood exposure, latex allergy, ionizing radiation,
      electrocution, explosion. STUDY SELECTION: General reviews and original articles
      were selected. We also selected isolated clinical cases and letters to editor
      according to their relevance compared with the existing literature. DATA
      EXTRACTION: After grouping the data according to the nature of the risk, the
      articles were analyzed for description, the analysis and the prevention of the
      risk. DATA SYNTHESIS: There are several occupational hazards related to the
      practice of anaesthesia. The toxicity of anaesthetic gases and particularly of
      nitrous oxide was highlighted at the beginning of their use. Most toxic gases
      were abandoned and the application of collective protection measures (system of
      evacuation of anaesthetic gas, ventilation of operating rooms, use of closed
      circuit for anaesthesia) made it possible to decrease considerably the risk
      related to inhalational anaesthesia. Occupational blood exposure also decreases
      thanks to a better observance of safety rules and the use of protected material.
      The risk of latex allergy has decreased considerably with the substitution of
      latex by other material. The risk related to the exposure to ionizing radiations
      is better controlled because very strict regulations have been implemented. The
      operating room environment involves risks of electrification, fire and explosion.
      New risks have been identified: drug-addiction and the painfulness of work or
      burnout. Their frequency is difficult to evaluate but they can have serious
      consequences for the patients and the anaesthetists. Their prevention relies on
      early tracking by the members of the team, the improvement of working conditions
      and a better professional recognition. CONCLUSION: Toxicity of anaesthetic gases,
      occupational blood exposure, exposure to ionizing radiations, latex allergy,
      electrification and the risk of explosion in the operating room are well
      identified professional risks of anaesthesia. Measures have been implemented to
      reduce their incidence. Two risks are increasingly recognized: drug-addiction and
      burnout. Early tracking, the improvement of working conditions and a better
      professional recognition are the best way to prevent them.

PMID- 18155395
TI  - Toremifene decreases type I, type II and increases type III receptors in desmoid
      and fibroma and inhibits TGFbeta1 binding in desmoid fibroblasts.
AB  - Tissue infiltration is different in desmoid and fibroma tumours. Both produce
      high levels of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1), which is related to
      extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation which in turn regulates cell function and
      cell migration. Interactions between collagen, proteoglycans and cell surface
      fibronectin are involved in the assembly and functions of the ECM. As toremifene
      inhibits collagen and TGFbeta1 synthesis, we tested it in normal, desmoid and
      fibroma fibroblasts. We will report the changes in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and
      collagen synthesis, TGFbeta1 activity, fibronectin mRNA expression and TGFbeta1
      receptors after toremifene treatment in normal, fibroma and desmoid fibroblasts.
      We evaluated GAG and collagen synthesis with 3H-glucosamine and 3H-proline
      incorporation, TGFbeta1 activity with the ELISA method, TGFbeta1 receptor
      affinity with 125I-TGFbeta1 binding and total RNA with Northern blot analysis.
      GAG and collagen synthesis, TGFbeta1 activity and fibronectin levels were higher
      in fibroma and desmoid than normal fibroblasts. The increase was greater in
      desmoid than fibroma tumour cells. Toremifene treatment reduced GAG and collagen
      synthesis, TGFbeta1 activity and fibronectin levels in all cell cultures. The
      percentage reduction in GAG was similar in all cultures; the reduction in
      collagen synthesis and TGFbeta1 activity was the highest in desmoid fibroblasts.
      TGFbeta1 receptors were higher in fibroma and desmoid cells than controls.
      Toremifene reduced TGFbeta1 receptors only in desmoid fibroblasts, with no effect
      on the changes in type I, II, and III receptors. Our data show that toremifene
      modifies the ECM components that regulate cytokine activity and cell migration.
      The reduction in receptor number only in desmoid cells suggests that toremifene
      may reduce TGFbeta1's affinity for its receptors. Synthesis of a substance
      regulating protein kinase activity, which is directly involved in the link
      between TGFbeta1 and its receptors, cannot be excluded.

PMID- 18155398
TI  - [Improving the physician-dental surgeon relationship to improve patient care].
AB  - AIMS: This study had two aims: to assess the nature of the relationship between
      general practitioners (GPs) and dental surgeons in relation to patient care and
      to evaluate qualitatively their interest in the changes that health networks and
      shared patient medical files could bring. METHODS: Questionnaires were completed
      by 12 GPs belonging to ASDES, a private practitioner-hospital health network that
      seeks to promote a partnership between physicians and dental surgeons, and by 13
      private dental surgeons in the network catchment area. RESULTS: The GPs and
      dentists had quite different perceptions of their relationship. Most dentists
      rated their relationship with GPs as "good" to "excellent" and did not wish to
      modify it, while GPs rated their relationship with dentists as nonexistent and
      expressed a desire to change the situation. Some GPs and some dentists supported
      data exchange by sharing personal medical files through the network. CONCLUSION:
      Many obstacles hinder communication between GPs and dentists. There is
      insufficient coordination between professionals. Health professionals must be
      made aware of how changes in the health care system (health networks, personal
      medical files, etc) can help to provide patients with optimal care. Technical
      innovations in medicine will not be beneficial to patients unless medical
      education and training begins to include interdisciplinary and holistic
      approaches to health care and preventive care.

PMID- 18155399
TI  - [Current pharmacotherapies and immunotherapy in cocaine addiction].
AB  - Cocaine is more and more used and abused in France. Cocaine dependence is quite
      serious and is associated with numerous adverse health consequences. No effective
      pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependence is yet available. Recent advances in
      neurobiology, brain imaging and some clinical trials suggest that certain
      medications that modulate GABAergic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic systems, as
      well as immunotherapy, show promise in the treatment of cocaine addiction. Recent
      controlled clinical studies have tested some of these drugs, which act on the
      various neurobiological circuits modified by cocaine exposure and clinically
      improve patients' symptoms. Pharmacological agents such as modafinil, GABAergic
      agents (baclofen, topiramate, tiagabin, and vigabatrin), disulfiram,
      aripiprazole, N-acetylcysteine and cocaine vaccine seem very promising in the
      treatment of cocaine dependence. However, this must be confirmed in larger
      patient populations.

PMID- 18155400
TI  - Female temperament, tumor development and life span: relation to glucocorticoid
      and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in rats.
AB  - Behavioral characteristics closely associated with specific physiological
      profiles present an important area of research in understanding health
      disparities. In particular, glucocorticoid overproduction may be an important
      factor moderating disease progression; natural variance in production of this
      steroid has been proposed as one mechanism underlying individual differences in
      health and disease. In the current paper, we examined immune parameters in female
      rats of two different behavioral types previously shown to have differential
      glucocorticoid production and life spans. We categorized young female rats
      according to their behavioral response to novelty (high- or low-locomotion), and
      compared their glucocorticoid production, adrenal size, thymus size, tumor
      necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production, tumor development and life span. As
      expected, high-locomotion females produced more glucocorticoids and had larger
      adrenal glands during young adulthood than did low-locomotion females. High
      locomotion females had significantly smaller thymuses and reduced TNF-alpha
      levels compared to low-locomotion, suggesting altered immune function in young
      adulthood. Finally, high-locomotion females had shorter life spans than did low
      locomotion females, and this was particularly true in females that developed
      pituitary tumors, but not in those that developed mammary tumors. These results,
      along with other published findings, suggest that high-locomotion rodent females
      experience life-long elevations in glucocorticoid responses to novelty, and that
      these elevated levels may be comparable to chronic stress. This naturally
      occurring endocrine profile may influence immune responses which in turn could
      affect disease susceptibility. Variance in immune function across personality
      types may be partially moderated by natural variance in glucocorticoid
      production.

PMID- 18155404
TI  - Trends in speciation analysis of vanadium in environmental samples and biological
      fluids--a review.
AB  - A comprehensive review is presented addressing recent trends in the speciation
      and determination of vanadium in environmental and biological sample matrices,
      including important analytical aspects such as sample clean up, pre-concentration
      and method development. Methodology based on both separation and spectroscopic
      techniques for the determination of vanadium speciation is discussed. A brief
      outline of analytical principles, together with an overview of the recent
      developments and applications of vanadium speciation determination is included.
      The newer methods for detecting metal ions including hyphenated spectroscopic
      techniques and sample preparation schemes are also discussed.

PMID- 18155405
TI  - A review of the recent achievements in capacitively coupled contactless
      conductivity detection.
AB  - Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C(4)D) in the axial
      electrode configuration was introduced in 1998 as a quantification method for
      capillary electrophoresis. Its universality allows the detection of small
      inorganic ions as well as organic and biochemical species. Due to its robustness,
      minimal maintenance demands and low cost the popularity of this detector has been
      steadily growing. Applications have recently also been extended to other
      analytical methods such as ion chromatography, high-performance liquid
      chromatography and flow-injection analysis. C(4)D has also found use for
      detection on electrophoresis based lab-on-chip devices. Theoretical aspects of
      C(4)D in both the capillary and microchip electrophoresis format have been
      comprehensively investigated. Commercial devices are now available and the method
      can be considered a mature detection technique. In this article, the achievements
      in C(4)D for the time period between September 2004 and August 2007 are reviewed.

PMID- 18155403
TI  - Dopamine binds to alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors in the song control system of
      zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata).
AB  - A commonly held view is that dopamine exerts its effects via binding to D1- and
      D2-dopaminergic receptors. However, recent data have emerged supporting the
      existence of a direct interaction of dopamine with adrenergic but this
      interaction has been poorly investigated. In this study, the pharmacological
      basis of possible in vivo interactions between dopamine and alpha(2)-adrenergic
      receptors was investigated in zebra finches. A binding competition study showed
      that dopamine displaces the binding of the alpha(2)-adrenergic ligand,
      [(3)H]RX821002, in the brain. The affinity of dopamine for the adrenergic sites
      does not differ between the sexes and is 10- to 28-fold lower than that for
      norepinephrine. To assess the anatomical distribution of this interaction,
      binding competitions were performed on brain slices incubated in 5nM
      [(3)H]RX821002 in the absence of any competitor or in the presence of
      norepinephrine [0.1microM] or dopamine [1microM]. Both norepinephrine and
      dopamine displaced the binding of the radioligand though to a different extent in
      most of the regions studied (e.g., area X, the lateral part of the magnocellular
      nucleus of anterior nidopallium, HVC, arcopallium dorsale, ventral tegmental area
      and substantia grisea centralis) but not in the robust nucleus of the
      arcopallium. Together these data provide evidence for a direct interaction
      between dopamine and adrenergic receptors in songbird brains albeit with regional
      variation.

PMID- 18155406
TI  - Direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin and myoglobin at didodecyldimethylammonium
      bromide-modified powder microelectrode and application for electrochemical
      detection of nitric oxide.
AB  - Hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb) were immobilized at the
      didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB)-modified powder microelectrode (PME) to
      fabricate Hb-DDAB-PME and Mb-DDAB-PME. Direct electrochemistry of Hb and Mb were
      achieved on the DDAB-modified PME. The formal potential was -0.224 V for Hb and 
      0.212 V for Mb (vs. SCE). The apparent surface concentration of Hb and Mb at the
      electrode surface was 2.83 x 10(-8) and 9.94 x 10(-8) mol cm(-2). The Hb-DDAB-PME
      and Mb-DDAB-PME were successfully applied for measurement of NO in vitro. The
      anodic current peaks for NO oxidation at +0.7 V and the cathodic current peaks
      for NO reduction at -0.85 V on the CV curves were obtained on the modified
      electrodes. For detection of NO at +0.7 V, the sensitivity is 3.31 mA microM(-1)
      cm(-2) for Hb-DDAB-PME and 0.6 mA microM(-1) cm(-2) for Mb-DDAB-PME. The
      detection limit is 5 nM for Hb-DDAB-PME and 9 nM for Mb-DDAB-PME. The linear
      response range is 9-100 and 28-330 nM for Hb- and Mb-modified PME, respectively.
      For the electrochemical detection of NO at -0.85 V by using Hb-DDAB-PME, the
      detection sensitivity is 39.56 microA microM(-1) cm(-2); the detection limit is
      as low as 0.2 microM; and the linear response range is 1.90-28.08 microM.

PMID- 18155407
TI  - Analysis of emerging contaminants in sewage effluent and river water: comparison
      between spot and passive sampling.
AB  - Passive sampling is highly complimentary to spot sampling in environmental
      analysis. A polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) was extensively
      tested to optimize its performance under both controlled and field conditions.
      The passive sampler was subsequently used for the sampling and analysis of
      estrone, 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethynylestradiol, bisphenol A, propranolol,
      sulfamethoxazole, meberverine, thioridazine, carbamazepine, tamoxifen,
      indomethacine, diclofenac and meclofenamic acid in sewage effluent and river
      water. Under laboratory conditions, the kinetics of compound uptake by POCIS were
      linear during 10-day of exposure. POCIS sampling rates of the target compounds
      were significantly greater by using polyethersulfone instead of polysulfone
      membrane, and enhanced with increasing sorbent exposure area. Together with spot
      water sampling, the optimized POCIS was deployed in the River Ouse, West Sussex,
      UK to obtain field-derived sampling rates which, for endocrine disrupting
      chemicals (EDCs), were significantly higher than those from laboratory
      experiments. Both spot and passive sampling demonstrated that most of the target
      chemicals were frequently detected in sewage effluent and river waters, and that
      the daily changes in the pollutant concentrations were greater for
      pharmaceuticals than for EDCs. The aqueous concentrations of all compounds were
      elevated at a sewage outfall, which is confirmed to be an important source of the
      target compounds in the river. The validated POCIS was then successfully used to
      estimate the concentrations of the target compounds in effluent and river water,
      which were in good agreement with those from spot sampling for pharmaceuticals.

PMID- 18155408
TI  - A microfluidic hollow fiber membrane extractor for arsenic(V) detection.
AB  - Microfluidic membrane extraction using a conventional hollow fiber membrane is
      presented for continuous, on-line extraction of arsenic. Previously reported
      micro-scale devices used flat membranes. These modules were relatively complex,
      difficult to seal, and high pressure drops made them prone to leaks. The present
      design is simpler, has higher active surface area per unit volume, and allows
      faster flow rates leading to enhanced mass transfer. On-line membrane extraction
      of As(V) via chelation through a supported liquid membrane was followed by
      conventional colorimetric detection with a UV-vis spectrophotometer. Enrichment
      factors were close to 30, and the detection limit was 27 microg L(-1). The
      extraction was linear and reproducible. The relative standard deviation of six
      repeat extractions was less than 3%.

PMID- 18155409
TI  - Non-invasive detection of cocaine dissolved in beverages using displaced Raman
      spectroscopy.
AB  - We demonstrate the potential of Raman spectroscopy to detect cocaine concealed
      inside transparent glass bottles containing alcoholic beverages. A clear Raman
      signature of cocaine with good signal-to-noise was obtained from a approximately
      300 g solution of adulterated cocaine (purity 75%) in a 0.7 L authentic brown
      bottle of rum with 1 s acquisition time. The detection limit was estimated to be
      of the order of 9 g of pure cocaine per 0.7 L (approximately 0.04 moles L(-1))
      with 1 s acquisition time. The technique holds great promise for the fast, non
      invasive, detection of concealed illicit compounds inside beverages using
      portable Raman instruments, thus permitting drug trafficking to be combated more
      effectively.

PMID- 18155410
TI  - Design of molecular imprinted polymers compatible with aqueous environment.
AB  - The main problem of poor water compatibility of molecularly imprinted polymers
      (MIPs) was addressed in examples describing design of synthetic receptors with
      high affinity for drugs of abuse. An extensive potentiometric titration of 10
      popular functional monomers and corresponding imprinted and blank polymers was
      conducted in order to evaluate the subtleties of functional groups ionisation
      under aqueous conditions. It was found that polymers prepared using 2
      trifluoromethacrylic acid (TFMAA) in combination with toluene as porogen possess
      superior properties which make them suitable for effective template recognition
      in water. The potential impact of phase separation during polymerisation on
      formation of high quality imprints has been discussed. Three drugs of abuse such
      as cocaine, deoxyephedrine and methadone were used as template models in polymer
      preparation for the practical validation of obtained results. The polymer testing
      showed that synthesized molecularly imprinted polymers have high affinity and
      selectivity for corresponding templates in aqueous environment, with imprinting
      factors of 2.6 for cocaine and 1.4 for methadone and deoxyephedrine.
      Corresponding blank polymers were unable to differentiate between analytes,
      suggesting that imprinting phenomenon was responsible for the recognition
      properties.

PMID- 18155411
TI  - Potentiometric determination of the 'formal' hydrolysis ratio of aluminium
      species in aqueous solutions.
AB  - The 'formal' hydrolysis ratio (h = C(OH-)added/C(Al)total) of hydrolysed
      aluminium-ions is an important parameter required for the exhaustive and
      quantitative speciation-fractionation of aluminium in aqueous solutions. This
      paper describes a potentiometric method for determination of the formal
      hydrolysis ratio based on an automated alkaline titration procedure. The method
      uses the point of precipitation of aluminium hydroxide as a reference (h = 3.0)
      in order to calculate the initial formal hydrolysis ratio of hydrolysed aluminium
      ion solutions. Several solutions of pure hydrolytic species including aluminium
      monomers (AlCl3), Al13 polynuclear cluster ([Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)12]7+), Al30
      polynuclear cluster ([Al30O8(OH)56(H2O)26]18+) and a suspension of
      nanoparticulate aluminium hydroxide have been used as 'reference standards' to
      validate the proposed potentiometric method. Other important variables in the
      potentiometric determination of the hydrolysis ratio have also been optimised
      including the concentration of aluminium and the type and strength of alkali
      (Trizma-base, NH3, NaHCO3, Na2CO3 and KOH). The results of the potentiometric
      analysis have been cross-verified by quantitative 27Al solution nuclear magnetic
      resonance (27Al NMR) measurements. The 'formal' hydrolysis ratio of a commercial
      basic aluminium chloride has been measured as an example of a practical
      application of the developed technique.

PMID- 18155412
TI  - Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for the determination of pyrethroids in
      cucumber and watermelon using liquid chromatography combined with post-column
      photochemically induced fluorimetry derivatization and fluorescence detection.
AB  - A sensitive and efficient solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method for the
      determination of seven pyrethroid insecticides including fenpropathrin, lambda
      cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, permethrin, tau-fluvalinate and
      bifenthrin in cucumber and watermelon samples using high performance liquid
      chromatography combined with post-column photochemically induced fluorimetry
      derivatization and fluorescence detection (SPME-HPLC-PIF-FD) was developed and
      validated. The optimum SPME conditions were used for the extraction of samples of
      both matrices (extraction time 30 min, stirring rate 1100 rpm, extraction
      temperature 65 degrees C, sample pH 3, soaking time 7 min, desorption time 5 min,
      ACN content 25%, desorption and soaking solvent was the mobile phase and in
      static mode). The method was validated in terms of limits of detection (LODs) and
      the limits of quantification (LOQs) in both IUPAC and EURACHEM criteria. LODs and
      LOQs were achieved in values lower than the maximum residue levels (MRLs)
      established in the Spanish regulations for all pesticides in this study (MRLs
      range between 0.01 and 0.1 mg kg(-1) for all pyrethroid insecticides in both
      matrices). LOQs according to the second criterion were between 1.5 and 5 microg
      kg(-1) for cucumber; and between 1.3 and 5 microg kg(-1) for watermelon samples.
      Precision and recovery studies were evaluated at two concentration levels for
      each matrix. Good precision was obtained and relative standard deviation values
      were less than 10% in all cases. Recovery values were calculated at 0.05 and 0.5
      mg kg(-1) levels (n=6) and they ranged between 93% and 108% for cucumber and
      between 91% and 110% for watermelon samples. Applicability of the method to
      pyrethroids in cucumber and watermelon of commercial samples was demonstrated.

PMID- 18155413
TI  - Analytical artefacts in the speciation of arsenic in clinical samples.
AB  - Urine and blood samples of cancer patients, treated with high doses of arsenic
      trioxide were analysed for arsenic species using HPLC-HGAFS and, in some cases,
      HPLC-ICPMS. Total arsenic was determined with either flow injection-HGAFS in
      urine or radiochemical neutron activation analysis in blood fractions (in
      serum/plasma, blood cells). The total arsenic concentrations (during prolonged,
      daily/weekly arsenic trioxide therapy) were in the microg mL(-1) range for urine
      and in the ng g(-1) range for blood fractions. The main arsenic species found in
      urine were As(III), MA and DMA and in blood As(V), MA and DMA. With proper sample
      preparation and storage of urine (no preservation agents/storage in liquid
      nitrogen) no analytical artefacts were observed and absence of significant
      amounts of alleged trivalent metabolites was proven. On the contrary, in blood
      samples a certain amount of arsenic can get lost in the speciation procedure what
      was especially noticeable for the blood cells although also plasma/serum gave
      rise to some disappearance of arsenic. The latter losses may be attributed to
      precipitation of As(III)-containing proteins/peptides during the methanol/water
      extraction procedure whereas the former losses were due to loss of specific
      As(III)-complexing proteins/peptides (e.g. cysteine, metallothionein, reduced
      GSH, ferritin) on the column (Hamilton PRP-X100) during the separation procedure.
      Contemporary analytical protocols are not able to completely avoid artefacts due
      to losses from the sampling to the detection stage so that it is recommended to
      be careful with the explanation of results, particularly regarding metabolic and
      pharmacokinetic interpretations, and always aim to compare the sum of species
      with the total arsenic concentration determined independently.

PMID- 18155414
TI  - Direct hapten coated immunoassay format for the detection of atrazine and 2,4
      dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides.
AB  - A novel immunoassay format employing direct coating of small molecular hapten on
      microtiter plates is reported for the detection of atrazine and 2,4
      dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D). In this assay, the polystyrene surface of
      microtiter plates was first treated with an acid to generate -NO2 groups on the
      surface. Acid treated plates were further treated with 3
      aminoprpyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to functionalize the plate surface with amino
      groups for covalent linkage to small molecular hapten with carboxyl groups. The
      modified plates showed significantly high antibody binding in comparison to
      plates coated with hapten-carrier protein conjugates and presented excellent
      stability as a function of the buffer pH and reaction time. The developed assay
      employing direct hapten coated plates and using affinity purified atrazine and
      2,4-D antibodies demonstrated very high sensitivity, IC50 values for atrazine and
      2,4-D equal to 0.8 ng mL(-1) and 7 ng mL(-1), respectively. The assay could
      detect atrazine and 2,4-D levels in standard water samples even at a very low
      concentration upto 0.02 and 0.7 ng mL(-1) respectively in the optimum working
      range between 0.01 and 1000 ng mL(-1) with good signal reproducibility (p values:
      0.091 and 0.224 for atrazine and 2,4-D, respectively). The developed immunoassay
      format could be used as convenient quantitative tool for the sensitive screening
      of pesticides in samples.

PMID- 18155415
TI  - Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using highly-specific
      monoclonal antibodies against plumbagin.
AB  - Plumbagin (PL; 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a natural compound
      mainly isolated from Plumbago zeylanica. This plant is distributed in Southeast
      Asia, and well known as Ayurvedic medicine in India for its medicinal properties.
      PL has been shown to have various pharmacological activities. We have
      successfully prepared monoclonal antibodies against PL, and developed an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for determination of PL. 3-(5-Hydroxy-2
      methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-3-yl) propanoic acid was synthesized and purified to
      prepare PL-bovine serum albumin conjugate (PL-BSA), which was used as an
      immunogen. PL-BSA conjugate was administered into BALB/c male mice for production
      of monoclonal antibodies against PL. The monoclonal antibody against PL which is
      secreted from established hybridoma cell line 3A3 (MAb 3A3) has been proven to
      have highly-specific to PL resulting from cross-reactivities test. The range for
      calibration of PL by ELISA was 0.2-25 microg mL(-1). Based on validation
      analysis, this analytical method by ELISA is a precise, accurate, and sensitive
      method for the determination of PL in plant.

PMID- 18155416
TI  - Development and validation of a sensitive enzyme immunoassay for surveillance of
      Cry1Ab toxin in bovine blood plasma of cows fed Bt-maize (MON810).
AB  - The increasing global adoption of genetically modified (GM) plant derivatives in
      animal feed has provoked a strong demand for an appropriate detection method to
      evaluate the existence of transgenic protein in animal tissues and animal by
      products derived from GM plant fed animals. A highly specific and sensitive
      sandwich enzyme immunoassay for the surveillance of transgenic Cry1Ab protein
      from Bt-maize in the blood plasma of cows fed on Bt-maize was developed and
      validated according to the criteria of EU-Decision 2002/657/EC. The sandwich
      assay is based on immuno-affinity purified polyclonal antibody raised against
      Cry1Ab protein in rabbits. Native and biotinylated forms of this antibody served
      as capture antibody and detection antibody for the ELISA, respectively.
      Streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate and TMB substrate provided the
      means for enzymatic colour development. The immunoassay allowed Cry1Ab protein
      determination in bovine blood plasma in an analytical range of 0.4-100 ng mL(-1)
      with a decision limit (CCalpha) of 1.5 ng mL(-1) and detection capability
      (CCbeta) of 2.3 ng mL(-1). Recoveries ranged from 89 to 106% (mean value of 98%)
      in spiked plasma. In total, 20 plasma samples from cows (n=7) fed non-transgenic
      maize and 24 samples from cows (n=8) fed transgenic maize (collected before and,
      after 1 and 2 months of feeding) were investigated for the presence of the Cry1Ab
      protein. There was no difference amongst both groups (all the samples were below
      1.5 ng mL(-1); CCalpha). No plasma sample was positive for the presence of the
      Cry1Ab protein at CCalpha and CCbeta of the assay.

PMID- 18155417
TI  - Does the BAFF dysregulation play a major role in the pathogenesis of systemic
      lupus erythematosus?
AB  - Given the prominent role currently assigned to B lymphocytes in systemic lupus
      erythematosus, it is not surprising that the B cell activity factor belonging to
      the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) is involved in its pathogenesis. This
      cytokine is produced in excess, and inserted into its receptors on the surface of
      circulating B cells. Up-regulation of BAFF is most likely to lead to breach of
      tolerance by aberrant survival of B cells directed to the self. Trials aimed at
      blocking BAFF have thus been set out. Yet the results are awaited.

PMID- 18155418
TI  - Epigenetic clues to rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The innate immune response needs to be tightly regulated to balance elimination
      of microorganisms with the magnitude of inflammation. The rupture of this balance
      is crucial for the outcome of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in which
      an overflowed proinflammatory response is associated with self-damage.
      Epigenetics alludes to systems controlling gene expression and silencing
      independent of the germline, but stable enough to be inherited by daughter cells
      upon mitosis. We will show in this review how pathological processes in RA can be
      shaped by epigenetics, which may in turn explain differences in phenotypes
      between subgroups of patients and also between subsets of fibroblasts within the
      joint. On the whole, the concourse of epigenetic mechanisms can precipitate the
      aggressive behaviour of cells and the rupture of peripheral tolerance. Targeting
      these emerging regulatory pathways is a promising approach for RA therapeutics.

PMID- 18155419
TI  - Modifications in endoscopic practice for pediatric patients.

PMID- 18155421
TI  - Removable endoprosthetics in the management of esophageal pathology: all
      strictures and fistulae are not created equal...

PMID- 18155422
TI  - Diagnosis of intra-abdominal and mediastinal sarcoidosis with EUS-guided FNA.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In the presence of a compatible clinical picture, the diagnosis of
      sarcoidosis requires pathologic confirmation of noncaseating epithelioid
      granuloma in affected tissues. The standard procedure of choice for most patients
      is a bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy (TBB), which has a diagnostic yield
      of 40% to 90%. The lowest yield with TBB is in cases that present with
      predominant mediastinal or intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy (LN) and minimal
      parenchymal lung involvement. OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnostic yield of EUS
      guided FNA in diagnosing sarcoidosis with predominant LN or masses. DESIGN:
      Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Teaching university hospital. PATIENTS:
      Analysis of 21 consecutive patients with sarcoidosis and predominant mediastinal
      and/or intra-abdominal LN or masses who underwent EUS-guided FNA. RESULTS: EUS
      guided FNA diagnosed sarcoidosis in 18 of 21 patients (86%). In 3 patients, EUS
      guided FNA was either not diagnostic or inconclusive, and patients underwent
      mediastinoscopy with lymphadenectomy, which established the diagnosis of
      sarcoidosis. Seven of the 21 patients (33%) had intra-abdominal LN and/or masses,
      and EUS-guided FNA of the intra-abdominal pathology was diagnostic of sarcoidosis
      in 4 of the 7 patients (57%). Four of the 21 patients (19%) had a history of
      malignancy, and use of EUS-guided FNA helped in ruling out the recurrence of
      malignancy in 3 of the 4 patients (75%). LIMITATIONS: Mycobacterial and fungal
      culture was not obtained in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-guided FNA offers a
      practical, minimally invasive technique for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in
      patients who present with predominant mediastinal and/or intra-abdominal LN or
      masses.

PMID- 18155423
TI  - Hemoclips: which is the pick of the bunch?

PMID- 18155424
TI  - EUS-guided FNA diagnosis of pancreatic endocrine tumors: new trends identified.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs) are rare (1 per 100,000
      population) and are thought to be functioning in up to 85% of cases and are
      generally less than 2 cm in size. By previous reports, 15% to 50% of PETs are
      nonfunctioning and are discovered either incidentally or by symptom evaluation
      from a mass effect. EUS-guided FNA (EUS-FNA) has been shown to accurately
      diagnose PETs and to localize tumors for surgical resection. OBJECTIVE: To
      describe a single-center experience of EUS-FNA diagnosis of PETs and its impact
      on surgical management. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: University
      of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. PATIENTS: Patients with
      PETs diagnosed via EUS-FNA over a 4-year period were identified through the
      authors' EUS database. Clinical history, laboratory values, diagnostic studies,
      EUS findings, cytology, pathology, operative records, and surgical pathology
      records were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: Impact of definitive
      preoperative diagnosis of PET on surgical management. RESULTS: Forty-one patients
      were diagnosed by EUS-FNA with PET. Thirty-five PETs were nonfunctioning PET; 6
      were functioning PET. The mean tumor sizes of functioning and nonfunctioning PETs
      were 19 mm and 28 mm, respectively. The majority of tumors were located in the
      pancreatic head. Surgery was performed in 78% of patients; of these, 34% were
      resected laparoscopipcally. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design and selection bias.
      CONCLUSIONS: In this study, nonfunctioning PETs were more commonly diagnosed
      compared with functioning PETs. In addition, the PETs were smaller than
      previously reported, likely because of increasing detection of incidental lesions
      through widespread use of abdominal imaging.

PMID- 18155425
TI  - Cutting the sphincter in the presence of a normal cholangiogram.

PMID- 18155426
TI  - Capsule endoscopy is useful and safe for small-bowel surveillance in familial
      adenomatous polyposis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Duodenal cancer and ampullary cancer are major causes of death after
      a prophylactic colectomy in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).
      Forward-viewing endoscopy and side-viewing endoscopy are recommended in patients
      with FAP for surveillance of periampullary and duodenal polyposis. The study of
      polyps distal to the duodenum in FAP is limited. A capsule endoscopy (CE) allows
      visualization of the mucosa of the entire small bowel. OBJECTIVE: The objective
      was to detect whether CE has clinical value or any utility for the surveillance
      of small-bowel polyps in patients with FAP and to evaluate whether there are
      genotypic factors that predict which patients are at a lower risk of small-bowel
      polyps. SETTING: Two Italian tertiary-referral centers. PATIENTS: Twenty-three
      patients with FAP who presented for a CE. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Patients
      with FAP were examined by CE to assess the location, size, and number of small
      bowel polyps. Patient age at CE, sex, years of observation after surgery, type of
      surgery, duodenal adenomas, and colorectal cancer at surgery were analyzed. All
      patients were selected for mutation analysis, and the germline adenomatous
      polyposis coli (APC) gene mutation was detected. RESULTS: Eleven of 23 patients
      with FAP had duodenal polyps. During CE, jejunal-ileal polyps were detected in 7
      of 23 FAPs, with a total number of 15 polyps in the ileum. The presence of
      duodenal adenomas was the only clinical feature predictive of small-bowel polyps.
      Identification of the ampulla of Vater was not achieved with CE; duodenal polyps
      were only seen in 4 of 11 patients identified endoscopically, with an
      underestimation of polyp numbers. APC mutations between codons 499 and 805 were
      associated with the absence of small-bowel polyps. CONCLUSIONS: CE is useful and
      safe for the surveillance of jejunal-ileal polyps in selected patients with FAP.
      CE is not useful in the surveillance of the duodenum where the majority of small
      bowel cancers occur.

PMID- 18155427
TI  - WallFlex colonic stent placement for management of malignant colonic obstruction:
      a prospective study at two centers.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) can alleviate malignant colonic
      obstruction and avoid emergency decompressive surgery. The use of colonic larger
      diameter SEMSs may improve bowel function and reduce migration risk. OBJECTIVE:
      To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a novel large-diameter SEMS
      (WallFlex) designed for delivery through the endoscope in treating malignant
      colonic obstruction. DESIGN: Prospective clinical cohort study. SETTING: Two
      Italian study centers. PATIENTS: Forty-two consecutive patients with malignant
      colonic obstruction: 23 requiring palliation and 19 bridging to surgery.
      INTERVENTIONS: Colorectal SEMS placement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Technical
      success, defined as accurate SEMS deployment across the stricture on the first
      attempt; clinical success, ie, complete relief of bowel obstruction without
      complications; and bridging to surgery, denoting the performance of elective one
      stage surgery. RESULTS: The rate of technical success was 93% (95% CI, 81%-99%)
      and of initial clinical success was 95% (95% CI, 84%-99%). In 58% (95% CI, 40%
      84%) of the palliation group, clinical success was maintained after 6 months. All
      19 patients with operable tumors were successfully bridged to one-stage elective
      surgery within a median of 5 days. One perforation and one stent migration
      occurred. All complications could be resolved nonsurgically. LIMITATIONS: No
      control group was included. CONCLUSIONS: In a prospective study of through-the
      scope WallFlex stent placement for malignant colonic obstruction, high rates of
      technical and initial clinical success, and bridging to surgery were achieved.
      Complications could be readily managed.

PMID- 18155428
TI  - Making sense out of colonic stents.

PMID- 18155429
TI  - Colonoscopy appropriateness: education is important to identify the right
      patient, at the right time, for the right reason.

PMID- 18155430
TI  - Prolongation of the period between biopsy and EMR can influence the nonlifting
      sign in endoscopically resectable colorectal cancers.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The nonlifting sign is widely used for evaluating the invasion depth
      of colorectal tumors, and it is commonly accepted that EMR is contraindicated for
      colorectal tumors with a nonlifting sign because of the probability of massive
      submucosal invasion. OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinicopathologic factors that
      affect the nonlifting sign in submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma (SICC).
      DESIGN: Details regarding a history of biopsy, postbiopsy days, tumor location,
      tumor configuration, tumor size, depth of submucosal invasion, histologic type,
      adenomatous remnants, and angiolymphatic invasion were studied in relation to the
      nonlifting sign. SETTING: National Cancer Center, Korea. PATIENTS: The study
      involved 76 patients with SICC treated by endoscopic or surgical resection, in
      whom the tumor was examined for the nonlifting sign from 2001 to 2006. RESULTS:
      The nonlifting sign was observed in 15 cases (19.7%). A deep submucosal invasion,
      a history of biopsy, and the absence of adenomatous remnants were identified as
      factors affecting the nonlifting sign in univariate and multivariate analyses (P
      < .05). An increase in the number of postbiopsy days was associated with the
      nonlifting sign in endoscopically resectable SICC, and all 11 sm1 cancer cases
      with fewer than 21 postbiopsy days showed lifting. CONCLUSIONS: A history of
      biopsy and the absence of adenomatous remnants, in addition to deep submucosal
      invasion, were found to influence the nonlifting sign in SICC. It may be best
      that mechanical stimulation such as forceps biopsies are minimized before EMR,
      and EMR should be tried as soon as possible if biopsy was performed.

PMID- 18155431
TI  - Providing an endoscopy report to patients after a procedure: a low-cost
      intervention with high returns.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Providing a procedure report to patients after endoscopy is
      inconsistently practiced by clinicians. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of
      providing a procedure report to patients after an outpatient endoscopy. OUTCOME
      MEASUREMENTS: Demographic data, including age, sex, race, and endoscopic
      procedures. Assessments one week after the procedure included anxiety,
      satisfaction, recall of endoscopic findings and recommendations, and compliance.
      DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, single-center, investigator-blinded study.
      Anxiety was measured by using the Beck Anxiety Inventory; satisfaction was
      measured with a modified American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy survey,
      which was validated as part of this study, and recall and compliance was measured
      by a patient interview, during which responses were compared with the original
      endoscopy report. SETTING AND PATIENTS: Single university outpatient endoscopy
      laboratory. Between June and September 2005, 115 patients were randomized, and 83
      completed this protocol. RESULTS: The two groups were equally matched, except the
      intervention group (received report) was older (54.4 vs 50.7 years; P = .037).
      Receipt of an endoscopy report reduced postprocedure anxiety (P = .001) and
      improved recall of findings and recommendations (P = .001 for both). Satisfaction
      was very high for all patients and was unaffected by receipt of a report.
      Patients older than 60 years had significantly lower satisfaction scores by
      approximately 6 points (P = .004). Some subcategories of compliance were
      significantly better in the intervention group, but there was no effect on the
      number of patients who complied with all recommendations. LIMITATION: Small
      number of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The receipt of an endoscopy report at discharge
      reduces postprocedure anxiety, improves recall of findings and recommendations,
      and may increase compliance. This inexpensive and safe practice should be
      routinely adopted.

PMID- 18155432
TI  - A new device to simplify flexible endoscopic treatment of Zenker's diverticulum.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Endoscopic treatment of a Zenker's diverticulum (ZD) is challenged by
      maintaining a stable position and visual field. An oblique transparent cap and an
      overtube have been used with success. The porcine hypopharyngeal pouch is similar
      to a ZD. While using the widespread EMR device (WEMR) in the esophagus, we
      realized that the design may be advantageous for treatment of a ZD. OBJECTIVE: To
      use the WEMR cap device to incise the porcine hypopharyngeal pouch septum.
      DESIGN: WEMR cap incision of the porcine hypopharyngeal pouch septum. SETTINGS:
      Animal laboratory. INTERVENTIONS/METHODS: Six female domestic pigs underwent
      endoscopy with the prototype WEMR cap. The cutting wire incised the
      hypopharyngeal-esophageal septum. Three pigs were immediately euthanized and
      underwent neck dissection. Three pigs were keep alive for 3 weeks and then
      underwent excisional neck dissection. RESULTS: The procedure was technically
      easy. The average time was 10 minutes. Limited bleeding occurred by using cutting
      current and was eliminated by blended current. The entire septum could be incised
      with the cap edges working as a stopper, until the septum almost completely
      disappeared. No overt complications occurred. A follow-up endoscopy showed a
      small residual septum and scar. A barium swallow revealed no pouch, with ready
      passage into the esophageal lumen. CONCLUSIONS: The WEMR wire-cutting cap can
      incise the hypopharyngeal septum in an animal model simulating ZD. This device
      has the advantage of providing a stable position throughout the procedure and a
      protective rim that controls the incision. The device facilitates this procedure.

PMID- 18155433
TI  - Quality in endoscopy: it starts during fellowship.

PMID- 18155434
TI  - Exploring the use of the sham design for interventional trials: implications for
      endoscopic research.

PMID- 18155435
TI  - Peroral cholecystoscopy with electrohydraulic lithotripsy for treatment of
      symptomatic cholelithiasis in end-stage liver disease (with videos).
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients with end-stage liver disease have an increased risk of
      symptomatic gallstone disease, as well as complications associated with
      cholecystectomy. We hypothesized that peroral transpapillary cholecystoscopy with
      electrohydraulic lithotripsy of gallbladder stones is technically feasible and
      beneficial in patients who are high operative risks. DESIGN: Observational,
      descriptive. PATIENTS: Patients with Child's class C cirrhosis and with gallstone
      symptoms who were awaiting liver transplantation. INTERVENTIONS: Gallbladder
      stenting, dilation of the cystic duct, cholecystoscopy, electrohydraulic
      lithotripsy, ursodiol therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Gallbladder access and
      visualization, stone clearance, symptom relief, and complications. RESULTS: The
      gallbladder wall and stones were adequately visualized. Electrohydraulic
      lithotripsy achieved stone clearance after two sessions. Mild postprocedure
      pancreatitis occurred after the first treatment. The patient remained symptom
      free, stent free, and stone free until a liver transplantation, which was
      performed 25 months later. LIMITATIONS: Proof of concept performed in a single
      patient. CONCLUSIONS: Peroral transpapillary cholecystoscopy is technically
      feasible. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy of gallbladder stones under direct vision
      can achieve stone clearance. Patients with cirrhosis who are awaiting
      transplantation and other high-risk surgical candidates with symptomatic
      gallstone disease may benefit from this treatment option. Studies to assess the
      efficacy and safety of this novel technique are needed before routine clinical
      use can be recommended.

PMID- 18155436
TI  - EUS-guided drainage of bilomas: a new alternative?
AB  - BACKGROUND: Bilomas have traditionally been treated by either percutaneous
      drainage or surgery. However, percutaneous drainage is associated with discomfort
      and infection, whereas surgery, which is usually reserved for refractory cases,
      has high morbidity and mortality rates. Recently, endoscopic drainage of bilomas
      adjacent to the GI lumen has been reported in isolated reports. OBJECTIVE: We
      analyzed our 4 years' experience with this innovative technique. DESIGN: Patients
      with symptomatic bilomas were offered EUS-guided drainage and were followed up
      prospectively for clinical and radiologic responses. SETTING: Tertiary care
      center with long-standing experience in EUS-guided drainage. PATIENTS: A total of
      5 patients underwent EUS-guided transenteric drainage of symptomatic bilomas.
      INTERVENTION: The technique included transenteric EUS-guided puncture, placement
      of a guidewire into the biloma, and creation of an enteral-biloma fistula with
      placement of a plastic endoprosthesis after balloon dilation. In 4 cases, the
      stents were removed at a mean of 6.8 +/- 4.3 weeks. In one patient with
      malignancy, the stent was left in place for palliation. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASUREMENTS: Efficacy and safety of EUS-guided drainage of bilomas. RESULTS: EUS
      guided transenteric biloma drainage was successfully performed in 5 patients
      without any significant morbidity. Biloma resolution was confirmed in all 5
      patients, and none of the 4 patients relapsed after stent removal (mean follow-up
      of 12.8 +/- 6.1 months). CONCLUSIONS: EUS-guided drainage of bilomas is
      technically feasible, appears safe, and provides an attractive alternative to
      percutaneous or surgical drainage.

PMID- 18155437
TI  - A novel perfusion imaging technique of the pancreas: contrast-enhanced harmonic
      EUS (with video).
AB  - BACKGROUND: Contrast-enhanced harmonic-imaging techniques have been unavailable
      for EUS because of the limited frequency bandwidth and acoustic power output of
      current echoendoscopes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the contrast harmonic imaging
      technique by using a prototype echoendoscope equipped with an adequate broad-band
      transducer that can detect harmonic signals from the US contrast agents. DESIGN:
      Identification of optimal settings (study I) and preliminary clinical
      investigations (study II). SETTING: Bethesda General Hospital Bergedorf.
      PATIENTS: A total of 104 patients undergoing standard EUS examinations.
      INTERVENTIONS: Contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS (CEH-EUS) was performed by using a
      prototype echoendoscope and extended pure harmonic detection mode, a specific
      mode for contrast harmonic imaging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: In study I, time
      intensity curves for peak signal intensity were calculated after infusion of a
      contrast agent, SonoVue, and the changes in echo intensity were compared for
      different mechanical indices and interval times. In study II, intermittent and
      real-time continuous images of pancreatobiliary and gastroduodenal diseases
      obtained by CEH-EUS were evaluated in comparison with contrast-enhanced power
      Doppler EUS (CED-EUS). RESULTS: In study I, with the optimal mechanical index
      (0.4), homogeneous parenchymal perfusion images of the pancreas were obtained by
      intermittent imaging, and finely branching vessels of the pancreas were obtained
      with real-time continuous imaging. In study II, apparent perfusion and vessel
      images were observed in pancreatobiliary carcinomas, GI stromal tumors, and lymph
      node metastases. CED-EUS failed to depict images of the fine vessels and
      parenchymal perfusion. LIMITATIONS: The subjective nature of the findings, with a
      limited number of patients. CONCLUSIONS: CEH-EUS successfully visualized
      parenchymal perfusion and microvasculature in the pancreas and may play an
      important role in the differential diagnosis of digestive diseases.

PMID- 18155438
TI  - A case series of symptomatic intraluminal duodenal duplication cysts:
      presentation, endoscopic therapy, and long-term outcome (with video).
AB  - BACKGROUND: Duodenal duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies. Symptomatic
      cases have classically been treated by surgical resection, which can be complex
      because of the close proximity of the cysts to the papilla. OBJECTIVE: To
      describe a series of 8 patients with symptomatic duodenal duplication cysts who
      were treated endoscopically, with a special focus on the long-term outcome.
      DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Three tertiary-care European academic
      hospitals. PATIENTS: Eight patients, age 8 to 72 years, were treated
      endoscopically for symptomatic intraluminal duodenal duplication cysts between
      1981 and 2006. Seven patients presented with acute pancreatitis, and one patient
      presented with jaundice. INTERVENTION: Endoscopic incision and marsupialization
      of the cysts was performed by using a variety of endoscopic tools (needle-knife
      and regular sphincterotomes, cystotomes, and polypectomy snares). MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASUREMENTS: Technical success of endoscopic intervention and long-term clinical
      recurrence of symptoms. RESULTS: No major complications occurred. All patients
      remained asymptomatic at a median follow-up of 7.3 years. LIMITATIONS:
      Retrospective study; the small number of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic
      treatment of symptomatic intraluminal duodenal duplication cysts is a safe and
      effective technique, with excellent long-term results. It represents a minimally
      invasive alternative to surgical resection and might be considered the preferred
      therapeutic modality for these cases.

PMID- 18155439
TI  - Endoscopic classification of vascular lesions of the small intestine (with
      videos).
AB  - BACKGROUND: Small-intestinal vascular lesions observed by endoscopy vary in
      appearance. Angioectasia is a venous lesion that requires cauterization; a
      Dieulafoy's lesion and arteriovenous malformation may cause arterial bleeding,
      which requires clipping or laparotomy. For selection of the appropriate
      treatment, it is necessary to distinguish between venous and arterial lesions.
      PATIENTS AND METHODS: We classified these lesions into the following 6 groups:
      type 1a, punctulate erythema (< 1 mm), with or without oozing; type 1b, patchy
      erythema (a few mm), with or without oozing; type 2a, punctulate lesions (< 1
      mm), with pulsatile bleeding; type 2b, pulsatile red protrusion, without
      surrounding venous dilatation; type 3, pulsatile red protrusion, with surrounding
      venous dilatation; type 4, other lesions not classified into any of the above
      categories. Types 1a and 1b are considered angioectasias. Types 2a and 2b are
      Dieulafoy's lesions. Type 3 represents an arteriovenous malformation. Type 4 is
      unclassifiable. Three endoscopists independently reviewed images and video to
      classify 102 vascular lesions into the above types. The rate of concordance among
      the 3 endoscopists was calculated. RESULTS: Eighty-four lesions (82%) were
      classified into the same type by all of 3 endoscopists. The mean kappa value
      (standard deviation) for the concordance was 0.72 +/- 0.07, which confirmed
      substantial interobserver concordance. LIMITATIONS: This classification is
      applicable only to endoscopic findings. It was desirable to correlate the
      histopathologic findings with endoscopic observations. CONCLUSIONS: This
      classification will be useful for selecting the hemostatic procedure and outcome
      studies.

PMID- 18155440
TI  - Endoscopic band ligation for cardiac variceal bleeding: safe or fatal?

PMID- 18155441
TI  - What is the most effective way to communicate results after endoscopy?

PMID- 18155442
TI  - Somatostatin bolus injection for post-ERCP pancreatitis prevention: a need for
      further study.

PMID- 18155444
TI  - Endoscopic snare resection of papillary-type early bile duct cancers.

PMID- 18155445
TI  - Relative influences of adjunctive topiramate and adjunctive lamotrigine on
      scanning and the effective field of view.
AB  - A subsample of 67 adult patients with partial seizures participating in a
      randomized, double-blind study comparing the cognitive effects of adjunctive
      lamotrigine (LTG) and adjunctive topiramate (TPM) was administered Performance On
      Line (POL) in addition to a battery of neuropsychological tests at baseline, week
      8 and week 16 of treatment. The POL is a self-administered computer task that
      measures scanning, divided-attention, and the effective field of view. Although
      the POL does not measure driving performance, POL scores are correlated with
      driving performance. The results show that adjunctive TPM, but not adjunctive
      LTG, negatively impacted cognition. Both simple target identification and divided
      attention performance on POL were compromised in the TPM group but not in the LTG
      group. The relative POL impairment associated with chronic TPM treatment was
      similar to that observed with the acute effects of alcohol with a breath level of
      .045% or a low dose of alprazolam (0.5mg). Thus, driving-related visual and
      cognitive skills were compromised by adjunctive TPM treatment. Therapeutic doses
      of adjunctive TPM pose a potential risk of impaired scanning and divided
      attention skills.

PMID- 18155446
TI  - Automatization and working memory capacity in schizophrenia.
AB  - Working memory (WM) dysfunction in schizophrenia is characterized by inefficient
      WM recruitment and reduced capacity, but it is not yet clear how these relate to
      one another. In controls practice of certain cognitive tasks induces
      automatization, which is associated with reduced WM recruitment and increased
      capacity of concurrent task performance. We therefore investigated whether
      inefficient function and reduced capacity in schizophrenia was associated with a
      failure in automatization. FMRI data was acquired with a verbal WM task with
      novel and practiced stimuli in 18 schizophrenia patients and 18 controls.
      Participants performed a dual-task outside the scanner to test WM capacity.
      Patients showed intact performance on the WM task, which was paralleled by
      excessive WM activity. Practice improved performance and reduced WM activity in
      both groups. The difference in WM activity after practice predicted performance
      cost in controls but not in patients. In addition, patients showed
      disproportionately poor dual-task performance compared to controls, especially
      when processing information that required continuous adjustment in WM. Our
      findings support the notion of inefficient WM function and reduced capacity in
      schizophrenia. This was not related to a failure in automatization, but was
      evident when processing continuously changing information. This suggests that
      inefficient WM function and reduced capacity may be related to an inability to
      process information requiring frequent updating.

PMID- 18155447
TI  - Impaired theory of mind in first-episode schizophrenia: comparison with
      community, university and depressed controls.
AB  - First order theory of mind, as measured by the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes
      Test' Revised, is impaired in schizophrenia. However, no study has investigated
      whether this occurs in first-episode schizophrenia. Also, it is unclear whether
      such a deficit is specific to schizophrenia, and whether convenience control
      samples, particularly undergraduate university students, represent valid
      comparison groups. This study investigated theory of mind ability, measured by
      the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test' Revised, in a group of first-episode
      schizophrenia outpatients (n=13) and three control groups: outpatients with non
      psychotic major depression (n=14), individuals from the general community (n=16)
      and from an undergraduate university course (n=27). The schizophrenia group
      exhibited significant theory of mind impairments compared to both non-psychiatric
      control groups but not the depression group. Unexpectedly, the depression group
      was not significantly impaired compared to the community control group, and the
      university control group exhibited superior theory of mind ability relative to
      all three groups. The findings indicate theory of mind deficits in first episode
      schizophrenia and support the implementation of theory of mind interventions in
      first-episode schizophrenia treatment programs. Results also indicate that
      community rather than university control groups represent more valid comparison
      groups in first-episode schizophrenia research.

PMID- 18155448
TI  - Effects of acute metabolic stress on the dopaminergic and pituitary-adrenal axis
      activity in patients with schizophrenia, their unaffected siblings and controls.
AB  - A genetically mediated abnormal sensitivity to stress is thought to play a role
      in the onset, exacerbation and relapse of schizophrenia. In a double blind,
      placebo-controlled crossover study, peak increases in plasma ACTH (Delta ACTH)
      and homovanillic-acid, a dopamine metabolite, (Delta HVA) following exposure to a
      metabolic stressor(2DG) were studied in unaffected siblings of patients with
      schizophrenia (n=15), their patient relatives (n=15) and healthy controls (n=14).
      Siblings showed a stress response (both Delta ACTH and Delta HVA) that was
      significantly greater compared to controls and significantly less pronounced
      compared to patients. The results suggest that the genetic risk for schizophrenia
      may be characterized by an enhanced sensitivity to stress.

PMID- 18155449
TI  - Cell wall deficiency and its effect on methicillin heteroresistance in
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus with different phenotypic methicillin
      susceptibility characteristics, bearing or lacking the mecA gene, were tested for
      their ability to transform into a cell wall-deficient state under special
      conditions of cultivation. Conversion to L-form growth with formation of typical
      L-form 'fried egg' colonies and expression of oxacillin resistance was observed
      in sensitive (mecA-negative) and heteroresistant (mecA-positive) strains.
      Transmission electron microscopy observation of these strains revealed
      pleomorphic populations of cell wall-deficient cells with ultrastructure
      morphology similar to that of a control stable L-form strain of S. aureus. The
      results demonstrate that expression of phenotypic methicillin resistance could be
      associated with cell wall deficiency in S. aureus strains and could underlie the
      phenomenon of heteroresistance.

PMID- 18155450
TI  - Effect of chain length on binding of fatty acids to Pluronics in microemulsions.
AB  - We investigated the effect of fatty acid chain length on the binding capacity of
      drug and fatty acid to Pluronic F127-based microemulsions. This was accomplished
      by using turbidity experiments. Pluronic-based oil-in-water microemulsions of
      various compositions were synthesized and titrated to turbidity with concentrated
      Amitriptyline, an antidepressant drug. Sodium salts of C(8), C(10), or C(12)
      fatty acid were used in preparation of the microemulsion and the corresponding
      binding capacities were observed. It has been previously determined that, for
      microemulsions prepared with sodium caprylate (C(8) fatty acid soap), a maximum
      of 11 fatty acid molecules bind to the microemulsion per 1 molecule of Pluronic
      F127 and a maximum of 12 molecules of Amitriptyline bind per molecule of F127. We
      have found that with increasing the chain length of the fatty acid salt component
      of the microemulsion, the binding capacity of both the fatty acid and the
      Amitriptyline to the microemulsion decreases. For sodium salts of C(8), C(10) and
      C(12) fatty acids, respectively, a maximum of approximately 11, 8.4 and 8.3
      molecules of fatty acid molecules bind to 1 Pluronic F127 molecule. We propose
      that this is due to the decreasing number of free monomers with increasing chain
      length. As chain length increases, the critical micelle concentration (cmc)
      decreases, thus leading to fewer monomers. Pluronics are symmetric tri-block
      copolymers consisting of propylene oxide (PO) and ethylene oxide (EO). The
      polypropylene oxide block, PPO is sandwiched between two polyethylene oxide (PEO)
      blocks. The PEO blocks are hydrophilic while PPO is hydrophobic portion in the
      Pluronic molecule. Due to this structure, we propose that the fatty acid
      molecules that are in monomeric form most effectively diffuse between the PEO
      "tails" and bind to the hydrophobic PPO groups.

PMID- 18155451
TI  - Self-assembled monolayers: solidification of carbamazepine in Form II at an
      interface.
AB  - A self-assembled monolayer incorporating well-spaced biphenyl moieties initiates
      solidification of carbamazepine at its interface. A detailed analysis of the
      resulting crystals using X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR-ATR as well as
      thermomicroscopy, indicates a preference for its crystallization in trigonal
      (Form II) polymorph.

PMID- 18155452
TI  - [Poor adherence in chronic conditions during adolescence: understand in order to
      act].
AB  - Poor adherence is a concern for every health professionals taking care of chronic
      conditions patients. That kind of trouble appears especially during adolescence
      for various reasons we need to understand: rebellion, consciousness of disease,
      depression... Parents must be included in this analysis, because they are very
      concerned by the illness experience of their children, from the announcement
      until the autonomy. The medical staff also deals with this process. There are
      many solutions, often complex (medical, educative, psychosocial) to improve
      adherence, but their effectiveness is hard to show on a long-term basis. We
      describe in this article the holding of young patients during adolescence and the
      adjustements in order to help them accomplishing their usual adolescent
      development and the needs of life with chronic disease.

PMID- 18155453
TI  - Mid-term outcome of positron emission tomography/computed tomography-assisted
      radiofrequency ablation in primary and secondary liver tumours--a single-centre
      experience.
AB  - AIMS: To determine the mid-term results of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation
      (RFA) of malignant liver tumours when using FDG-positron emission tomography (FDG
      PET)/computed tomography for tumour evaluation and follow-up. MATERIALS AND
      METHODS: Between January 2002 and June 2006, 55 patients (mean age 63 years) with
      78 liver lesions (39 colorectal metastases, 39 hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]
      nodules) were treated with RFA. All patients received PET/computed tomography
      before intervention. RFA was performed under computed tomography guidance with
      conscious sedation. Post-interventional PET/computed tomography was carried out
      in PET-positive patients 24h after the ablation and was repeated at 1, 3 and 6
      months and every 6 months after the intervention. PET-negative patients received
      contrast-enhanced computed tomography at the same time points. The rate of local
      tumour progression (LTP) and survival rates were assessed for the whole patient
      population. RESULTS: The 78 lesions (mean size 2.3 cm, range 0.8-5 cm) were
      treated with 101 consecutive ablation procedures resulting in a technical success
      rate of 96%. The mean time of follow-up was 25+/-12 months. Thirty-five of 78
      tumours (45%) developed LTP. At the end of follow-up, LTP was found in 22
      patients (40%), with intra- and extrahepatic recurrence in 11 patients. Twenty
      two patients remained free of hepatic tumours. The 1-, 2- and 3-year survival
      rates were 85, 74 and 58%, respectively. Tumour entity, lesion size and
      localisation were significant risk factors for LTP. CONCLUSIONS: Computed
      tomography-guided RFA of malignant liver tumours is effective, but shows a high
      rate of LTP. PET/computed tomography supports RFA by early identification of
      residual tumour or LTP.

PMID- 18155454
TI  - Efficacy of combination chemotherapy with irinotecan (CPT-11) plus capecitabine
      in patients with metastatic or advanced colorectal carcinoma--a dual-centre phase
      II study: the MAC-6.
AB  - AIMS: A phase II trial was initiated to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of
      combination chemotherapy with irinotecan (CPT-11) plus capecitabine in patients
      with metastatic colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients received a
      combination of CPT-11 plus capecitabine. CPT-11 was infused intravenously on day
      1 every 2 weeks and oral capecitabine was taken twice daily for 5 days every 7
      days. Efficacy and toxicities were assessed. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2005, 43
      patients were enrolled. The overall response rate was 51.35%. With a median
      follow-up of 13 months, the median time to progression was 10 months (95%
      confidence interval 7.6-12.3 months); the median survival was 15 months (95%
      confidence interval 13.9-16.9 months). The most common grade 3 haematological and
      non-haematological toxicities were neutropenia (5.4%), diarrhoea (8.1%) and hand
      foot syndrome (2.7%). CONCLUSIONS: CPT-11 plus capecitabine with a 14 day cycle
      showed a comparable response with international phase II data with a 3 weekly
      regimen and was well tolerated as a first-line palliative chemotherapy in
      patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The data should be interpreted with
      caution due to the limited sample size and should be further confirmed by a phase
      III randomised trial.

PMID- 18155456
TI  - Autofluorescent proteins.
AB  - Autofluorescent proteins (AFPs) have revolutionized molecular cell biology, and
      applications continue to harness the power of these genetically encoded
      fluorescent tags. Here, we review the discovery and physical properties of AFPs
      as well as their development through mutational optimization for several
      functional parameters. A practical guide to selection and use of major AFPs is
      provided as well as an overview of techniques for experimental applications.

PMID- 18155457
TI  - Functional fusion proteins by random transposon-based GFP insertion.
AB  - Fusions with fluorescent proteins are usually created by fusing the ends of two
      coding sequences. Appending the coding region of a fluorescent protein to the N-
      or C-terminus of another protein is typically the easiest way of creating a
      functional, fluorescent fusion protein. Another strategy involves placing the
      fluorescent protein in the middle of another protein. Such sandwich fusions are
      feasible, and there are many reasons for creating these fusion proteins. For
      example, sandwich fusions can be used to place two fluorescent proteins close to
      one another for optimization of a biosensor based on fluorescence resonance
      energy transfer, or they can be used to place the fluorescent protein in a region
      that moves during conformational changes of the host protein. Designing a
      sandwich fusion that produces a functional, fluorescent fusion protein is often
      challenging. This protocol describes an alternative approach. A simple, in vitro,
      transposon reaction is used to randomly insert the sequence encoding a
      fluorescent fusion protein into a target protein. This random labeling strategy
      makes it possible to create a small library of sandwich fusion proteins that can
      then be screened for activity. The approach makes it possible to test many
      possible solutions to the complex problem of building new biosensors.

PMID- 18155458
TI  - Fluorescent proteins for photoactivation experiments.
AB  - The discoveries, improvements, and alterations of fluorescent protein (FP)
      variants are having a profound impact on the ability of investigators to observe
      and quantify the behavior of proteins within cells and organisms. Among the most
      promising of FPs are photoactivatable fluorescent proteins (PA-FPs). Invisible at
      the imaging wavelength until activated by irradiation at a different wavelength,
      PA-FPs allow the controlled highlighting of distinct molecular populations within
      the cell. This chapter introduces the different types of PA-FPs and discusses
      their use for monitoring protein movement, protein turnover, protein
      interactions, and high-resolution protein localization.

PMID- 18155459
TI  - Design and optimization of genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors: GTPase
      biosensors.
AB  - This chapter details the design and optimization of biosensors based on a design
      used successfully to study nucleotide loading of small GTPase proteins in living
      cells. This design can be generalized to study many other protein activities,
      using a single, genetically encoded chain incorporating the protein to be
      studied, an "affinity reagent" which binds only to the activated form of the
      targeted protein, and mutants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) that undergo
      fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Specific topics include procedures
      and caveats in the design and cloning of single-chain FRET sensors, in vitro and
      in vivo validation, expression in living cell systems for biological studies, and
      some general considerations in quantitative fluorescence imaging.

PMID- 18155460
TI  - Fast 4D Microscopy.
AB  - Many cellular processes involve fast movements of weakly labeled cellular
      structures in all directions, which should be recorded in 3D time-lapse
      microscopy (4D microscopy). This chapter introduces fast 4D imaging, which is
      used for sampling the cell's volume by collecting focal planes in time-lapse mode
      as rapidly as possible, without perturbing the sample by strong illumination. The
      final images should contain sufficient contrast allowing for the isolation of
      structures of interest by segmentation and the analysis of their intracellular
      movements by tracking. Because they are the most sensitive, systems using wide
      field microscopy and deconvolution techniques are discussed in greater depth. We
      discuss important points to consider, including system components and
      multifunctionality, spatial resolution and sampling conditions, and mechanical
      and optical stability and how to test for it. We consider image formation using
      high numerical aperture optics and discuss the influence of optical blur and
      noise on image formation of living cells. Spherical aberrations, their
      consequences for axial image quality, and their impact on the success of
      deconvolution of low intensity image stacks are explained in detail. Simple
      protocols for acquiring and treating point spread functions (PSFs) and live cells
      are provided. A compromise for counteracting spherical aberration involving the
      use of a kit of immersion oils for PSF and cell acquisition is illustrated.
      Recommendations for evaluating acquisition conditions and deconvolution
      parameters are given. Finally, we discuss future developments based on the use of
      adaptive optics which will push back many of today's limits.

PMID- 18155461
TI  - Single-molecule imaging of fluorescent proteins.
AB  - Single molecule imaging techniques overcome the averaging effects inherent in
      ensemble measurements and enable characterization of the enormous heterogeneity
      that exists in biomolecular systems. Though long the domain of a few highly
      specialized labs, optical imaging of single molecules in living cells is becoming
      a widely accessible technique. The development of commercially available
      microscopes, robust analysis tools, and sensitive, low-noise detectors has
      contributed to this dissemination, as has the ever-growing array of fluorescent
      proteins. The relative ease with which genetically-tagged proteins can be created
      and introduced into a cell has largely eliminated more cumbersome and less
      precise means of particle labeling. A number of special considerations apply when
      using genetically encoded fluorophores for single molecule experiments, however.
      We discuss the means by which fluorescent proteins can be transfected into living
      cells to obtain the low particle densities required for single molecule imaging,
      and consider the limitations that are placed on single molecule analysis by the
      fluorophore's photophysical properties. We also discuss the types of morphology
      and subcellular localization that make certain preparations more amenable to
      single particle imaging than others. Last, we discuss some common pitfalls
      involved in analyzing single molecule datasets, and consider some of the unique
      information that can be obtained using these techniques.

PMID- 18155462
TI  - Counting kinetochore protein numbers in budding yeast using genetically encoded
      fluorescent proteins.
AB  - Genetically encoded fluorescent proteins are an essential tool in cell biology,
      widely used for investigating cellular processes with molecular specificity.
      Direct uses of fluorescent proteins include studies of the in vivo cellular
      localization and dynamics of a protein, as well as measurement of its in vivo
      concentration. In this chapter, we focus on the use of genetically encoded
      fluorescent protein as an accurate reporter of in vivo protein numbers. Using the
      challenge of counting the number of copies of kinetochore proteins in budding
      yeast as a case study, we discuss the basic considerations in developing a
      technique for the accurate evaluation of intracellular fluorescence signal. This
      discussion includes criteria for the selection of a fluorescent protein with
      optimal characteristics, selection of microscope and image acquisition system
      components, the design of a fluorescence signal quantification technique, and
      possible sources of measurement errors. We also include a brief survey of
      available calibration standards for converting the fluorescence measurements into
      a number of molecules, since the availability of such a standard usually
      determines the design of the signal measurement technique as well as the accuracy
      of final measurements. Finally, we show that, as in the case of budding yeast
      kinetochore proteins, the in vivo intracellular protein numbers determined from
      fluorescence measurements can also be employed to elucidate details of cellular
      structures.

PMID- 18155463
TI  - Fluorescent protein applications in plants.
AB  - Study of plant cell biology has benefited tremendously from the use of
      fluorescent proteins (FPs). Development of well-established techniques in
      genetics, by transient expression or by Agrobacterium-mediated plant cell
      transformation, makes it possible to readily create material for imaging
      molecules tagged with FPs. Confocal microscopy of FPs is routine and, in highly
      scattering tissues, multiphoton microscopy improves deep imaging. The abundance
      of autofluorescent compounds in plants in some cases potentially interferes with
      FP signals, but spectral imaging is an effective tool in unmixing overlapping
      signals. This approach allows separate detection of DsRed and chlorophyll, DsRed
      and GFP, and green fluorescent protein (GFP) and yellow fluorescent protein
      (YFP). FPs have been targeted to most plant organelles. Free (untargeted) FPs in
      plant cells are not only cytoplasmic, but also go into the nucleus due to their
      small size. FP fluorescence is potentially unstable in acidic vacuoles. FPs have
      been targeted to novel compartments, including protein storage vacuoles in seeds.
      Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeted GFP has identified novel inclusion bodies
      that are surprisingly dynamic. FP-tagged Rab GTPases have allowed documentation
      of the dynamics of membrane trafficking. Investigation of virus infections has
      progressed significantly with the aid of FP-tagged virus proteins. Advanced
      techniques are giving plant scientists the ability to quantitatively analyze the
      behavior of FP-tagged proteins. Fluorescence lifetime microscopy is becoming the
      method of choice for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis of FP
      tagged proteins. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) of FPs provides
      information on molecular diffusion and intermolecular interactions. Use of FPs in
      elucidating the behavior of plant cells has a bright future.

PMID- 18155464
TI  - Expression and imaging of fluorescent proteins in the C. elegans gonad and early
      embryo.
AB  - The Caenorhabditis elegans gonad and early embryo have recently emerged as an
      attractive metazoan model system for studying cell and developmental biology. The
      success of this system is attributable to the stereotypical architecture and
      reproducible cell divisions of the gonad/early embryo, coupled with penetrant
      RNAi-mediated protein depletion. These features have facilitated the development
      of visual assays with high spatiotemporal resolution to monitor specific
      subcellular processes. Assay development has relied heavily on the emergence of
      methods to circumvent germline silencing to allow the expression of transgenes
      encoding fluorescent fusion proteins. In this chapter, we discuss methods for the
      expression and imaging of fluorescent proteins in the C. elegans germline,
      including the design of transgenes for optimal expression, the generation of
      transgenic worm lines by ballistic bombardment, the construction of multimarker
      lines by mating, and methods for live imaging of the gonad and early embryo.

PMID- 18155465
TI  - Fluorescent proteins in zebrafish cell and developmental biology.
AB  - The zebrafish is a compelling vertebrate model for understanding cellular
      processes in the context of the developing embryo and for analysis of cellular
      defects that lead to diseases such as cancer. Major advances in fluorescent
      protein technology have been, and will continue to be, combined with novel
      experimental strategies to explore these biological phenomena. Furthermore,
      fluorescent proteins can be used in the design of forward genetic and chemical
      modifier screens of ever increasing sophistication. Here I review three
      noteworthy applications of fluorescent proteins in zebrafish: (1) analysis of
      kinesin motor function in the cleaving zebrafish embryo, (2) determination of the
      roles of semaphorins in axonal guidance, and (3) creation of transgenic models of
      leukemia and other cancers.

PMID- 18155466
TI  - Identifying and quantitating neural stem and progenitor cells in the adult brain.
AB  - Adult brain contains neural stem and progenitor cells that are capable of
      generating new neurons. Active continuous neurogenesis is limited to the
      subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the
      hippocampal dentate gyrus. Newborn neurons gradually become fully functional and
      integrated into the existing circuitry of the olfactory bulb and the hippocampus.
      Transition from stem cells to fully differentiation neurons, the neuronal
      differentiation cascade, occurs through defined steps, and different classes of
      neuronal precursors can be distinguished by their morphology, expressed markers,
      and mitotic activity. Cells in these classes can be identified by
      immunophenotyping, labeling with thymidine analogues, and infection with retro-
      and lentiviral vectors. We here describe a transgenic approach that allows
      identification, in vivo visualization, isolation, and accurate enumeration of
      various classes of stem and progenitor cells in the adult brain. We generated a
      series of reporter mouse lines in which neural stem and progenitor cells express
      various fluorescent proteins (GFP, CFPnuc, H2B-GFP, DsRedTimer, and mCherry)
      under the control of the regulatory elements of the nestin gene. Using these
      lines, we were able to dissect the neuronal differentiation cascade into several
      discrete steps and to evaluate the changes induced by various neurogenic and
      antineurogenic stimuli. In particular, nuclear localization of the fluorescent
      signal in nestin-CFPnuc mice greatly simplifies the distribution pattern of
      neural stem and progenitor cells and allows accurate quantitation of changes
      induced by neurogenic agents in distinct classes of neuronal precursors. We
      present protocols for applying confocal microscopy, stereology, and electron
      microscopy to evaluate changes in the neurogenic compartments of the adult brain.

PMID- 18155467
TI  - Using fluorescent proteins to study mRNA trafficking in living cells.
AB  - This chapter presents the MS2-GFP system, a method to study the trafficking of
      RNA molecules in living cells. This system is based on two components: a fusion
      of the MS2 coat protein to a fluorescent protein and a reporter mRNA containing
      multimers of the RNA stem-loop recognized by the MS2 coat protein. The MS2-GFP
      protein bound to the RNA stem-loops acts as a beacon that allows the detection of
      this mRNA within a cell by epifluorescence or confocal microscopy. This chapter
      focuses on the use of this system in mammalian fibroblast cells and in yeast
      cells, and discusses several technical considerations of the MS2-GFP system.
      Detailed protocols for validating the MS2-GFP signal in fixed cells by
      fluorescent in situ hybridization of the target RNA using fluorophore-labeled
      oligonucleotide probes are also provided.

PMID- 18155468
TI  - Visualizing mRNA localization and local protein translation in neurons.
AB  - Fluorescent proteins (FPs) have been successfully used to study the localization
      and interactions of proteins in living cells. They have also been instrumental in
      analyzing the proteins involved in the localization of RNAs in different cell
      types, including neurons. With the development of methods that also tag RNAs via
      fluorescent proteins, researchers now have a powerful tool to covisualize RNAs
      and associated proteins in living neurons. Here, we review the current status of
      the use of FPs in the study of transport and localization of ribonucleoprotein
      particles (RNPs) in neurons and provide key protocols used to introduce
      transgenes into cultured neurons, including calcium-phosphate-based transfection
      and nucleofection. These methods allow the fast and efficient expression of
      fluorescently tagged fusion proteins in neurons at different stages of
      differentiation and form the basis for fluorescent protein-based live cell
      imaging in neuronal cultures. Additional protocols are given that allow the
      simultaneous visualization of RNP proteins and cargo RNAs in living neurons and
      aspects of the visualization of fluorescently tagged proteins in neurons, such as
      colocalization studies, are discussed. Finally, we review approaches to visualize
      the local synthesis of proteins in distal dendrites and axons.

PMID- 18155469
TI  - Quantitative FRAP in analysis of molecular binding dynamics in vivo.
AB  - Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) reveals the dynamics of
      fluorescently tagged molecules within live cells. These molecular dynamics are
      governed by diffusion of the molecule and its in vivo binding interactions. As a
      result, quantitative estimates of the association and dissociation rates of
      binding can be extracted from the FRAP. This chapter describes a systematic
      procedure to acquire the FRAP data, and then fit it with appropriate mathematical
      models to estimate in vivo association and dissociation rates of binding. Also
      discussed are the applicability and limitations of the models, the utility of the
      estimated parameters, and the prospects for increased accuracy and confidence in
      the estimates.

PMID- 18155470
TI  - Quantitative and qualitative analysis of plant membrane traffic using fluorescent
      proteins.
AB  - Fluorescent proteins have had a great impact on the way in which plant membrane
      traffic is studied. Here we review the uses to which these molecules have been
      put in this field of research and discuss the advantages and pitfalls of
      particular fluorescent protein derivatives in various applications and plant
      species. We discuss in detail the need for quantitative estimates of expression
      level and the potential of fluorescent proteins for quantitative assays of
      biosynthetic membrane traffic. Detailed descriptions and protocols are provided
      for the use of the newly developed 2A-based ratiometric polyprotein probes of
      membrane traffic in conjunction with semiautomated image analysis software
      packages for quantitative analyses. The ratiometric probes and software are
      available from the authors.

PMID- 18155471
TI  - Engineering FRET constructs using CFP and YFP.
AB  - Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology has been used to develop
      genetically encoded fluorescent indicators for various cellular functions. Here
      we discuss how to engineer constructs for FRET between the cyan- and yellow
      emitting variants of green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria (CFP
      and YFP, respectively). Throughout this chapter, we stress the fact that FRET is
      highly sensitive to the relative orientation and distance between the donor and
      the acceptor. The chapter consists of two parts. First, we discuss FRET-based
      indicators encoded by single genes, which were developed in our laboratory. In
      this approach, a number of different constructs can be made for a comparative
      assessment of their FRET efficiencies. For example, the length and sequence of
      the linker between the fluorescent protein and the host protein should be
      optimized for each specific application. In the second part, we describe the use
      of long and flexible linkers for engineering FRET constructs, including an
      introduction to a general and efficient tool for making successful fusion
      proteins with long and flexible linkers. When CFP and YFP are fused through
      floppy linkers to two protein domains that interact with each other, the two
      fluorescent proteins will associate due to the weak dimerization propensity of
      Aequorea GFP, which results in moderate FRET. This approach has become even more
      powerful due to the construction of a new pair of fluorescent proteins for FRET:
      CyPet and YPet.

PMID- 18155472
TI  - Fluorescence anisotropy imaging microscopy for homo-FRET in living cells.
AB  - In this chapter, we present the basic physical principles of the fluorescence
      anisotropy imaging microscopy (FAIM) and its application to study FP-tagged
      protein dynamics and interaction in live cells. The Forster mechanism of
      electronic energy transfer can occur between like chromophores (homo-fluorescence
      resonance energy transfer, homo-FRET) inducing fluorescence depolarization and
      can be monitored by fluorescence anisotropy. The energy transfer rate is fast
      compared to the rotational time of proteins, and therefore its detection as a
      fast depolarization process in the fluorescence anisotropy can be easily
      discriminated from rotational motion. Quantitative analysis of fluorescence
      anisotropy decays provides information on structural parameters: distance between
      the two interacting chromophores and spatial orientation between the chromophores
      within dimeric proteins. Fluorescence anisotropy decay is not easy to measure in
      living cells under the microscope and the instrumentations are necessarily
      sophisticated. In contrast, any type of microscope can be used to measure the
      steady-state anisotropy. Interestingly, two-photon excitation steady-state FAIM
      is a powerful tool for qualitative analysis of macromolecule interactions in
      living cells and can be used easily for time-lapse homo-FRET.

PMID- 18155473
TI  - FRET by fluorescence polarization microscopy.
AB  - The widespread success in using genetically encoded fluorescent proteins (FPs) to
      track protein motion in living cells has led to extensive interest in measuring
      Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two FPs of different colors.
      FRET occurs over distances less than 10-nm and can thus be used to detect protein
      protein interactions and changes in protein conformation. However, FP-FRET
      measurements are complicated by the spectral properties of FPs. Consequently,
      extensive correction or photo-destructive approaches have been used to detect the
      presence of FRET. Since these methods limit the temporal and spatial resolution
      of FRET measurements, they are not well suited for many live-cell imaging
      applications. Here, we describe an alternative approach to detect FP-FRET by
      measuring fluorescence anisotropies (AFRET). Since FPs are large in size,
      excitation of FPs with polarized light results in highly polarized emission. In
      this case, FRET to a second FP that lies outside the photoselection plane will
      depolarize the fluorescence. This method provides high contrast and unambiguous
      indication of FRET using a simple image collection strategy that can be easily
      adapted to any modality including widefield and laser scanning approaches. In
      this chapter, we will discuss the theory behind AFRET imaging, calculation of FP
      anisotropies using fluorescent microscopes, and configuration of microscopes for
      AFRET experiments.

PMID- 18155475
TI  - Protein-protein interactions determined by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.
AB  - Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is an emerging technique where the
      interaction between biomolecules is detected through their correlated motion. It
      offers the advantage of high (single-molecule) sensitivity; independence of
      molecular orientation or distance; and simultaneous measurement of molecular
      interactions, concentrations, and mobilities. Here we introduce the principle of
      the technique and review some recent examples from the literature where FCS has
      been used with autofluorescent proteins for measuring protein-protein
      interactions and mobilities in living cells.

PMID- 18155474
TI  - Bimolecular fluorescence complementation: visualization of molecular interactions
      in living cells.
AB  - A variety of experimental methods have been developed for the analysis of protein
      interactions. The majority of these methods either require disruption of the
      cells to detect molecular interactions or rely on indirect detection of the
      protein interaction. The bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay
      provides a direct approach for the visualization of molecular interactions in
      living cells and organisms. The BiFC approach is based on the facilitated
      association between two fragments of a fluorescent protein when the fragments are
      brought together by an interaction between proteins fused to the fragments. The
      BiFC approach has been used for visualization of interactions among a variety of
      structurally diverse interaction partners in many different cell types. It
      enables detection of transient complexes as well as complexes formed by a
      subpopulation of the interaction partners. It is essential to include negative
      controls in each experiment in which the interface between the interaction
      partners has been mutated or deleted. The BiFC assay has been adapted for
      simultaneous visualization of multiple protein complexes in the same cell and the
      competition for shared interaction partners. A ubiquitin-mediated fluorescence
      complementation assay has also been developed for visualization of the covalent
      modification of proteins by ubiquitin family peptides. These fluorescence
      complementation assays have a great potential to illuminate a variety of
      biological interactions in the future.

PMID- 18155476
TI  - Recent advances on in vivo imaging with fluorescent proteins.
AB  - In vivo imaging with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and other fluorescent
      proteins is revolutionizing cancer biology and other fields of in vivo biology
      (Hoffman, 2005; Hoffman and Yang, 2006a,b,c). Our laboratory pioneered the use of
      GFP for in vivo imaging in 1997 (Chishima et al., 1997). This chapter highlights
      recent developments from our laboratory on both macro and micro in vivo imaging
      by using fluorescent proteins.

PMID- 18155477
TI  - Computational processing and analysis of dynamic fluorescence image data.
AB  - With the many modes of live cell fluorescence imaging made possible by the rapid
      advances of fluorescent protein technology, researchers begin to face a new
      challenge: How to transform the vast amounts of unstructured image data into
      quantitative information for the discovery of new cell behaviors and the rigorous
      testing of mechanistic hypotheses? Although manual and semiautomatic computer
      assisted image analysis are still used extensively, the demand for more
      reproducible and complete image measurements of complex cellular dynamics
      increases the need for fully automatic computational image processing approaches
      for both mechanistic studies and screening applications in cell biology. This
      chapter provides an overview of the issues that arise with the use of
      computational algorithms in live cell imaging studies, with particular emphasis
      on the close coordination of sample preparation, image acquisition, and
      computational image analysis. It also aims to introduce the terminology and
      central concepts of computer vision to facilitate the communication between cell
      biologists and computer scientists in collaborative imaging projects.

PMID- 18155478
TI  - Automated classification of mitotic phenotypes of human cells using fluorescent
      proteins.
AB  - High-throughput screens of the gene function provide rapidly increasing amounts
      of data. In particular, the analysis of image data acquired in genome-wide cell
      phenotype screens constitutes a substantial bottleneck in the evaluation process
      and motivates the development of automated image analysis tools for large-scale
      experiments. In this chapter, we present a computational scheme to process
      multicell time-lapse images as they are produced in high-throughput screens. We
      describe an approach to automatically segment and classify cell nuclei into
      different mitotic phenotypes. This enables automated identification of cell
      cultures that show an abnormal mitotic behavior. Our scheme proves high
      classification accuracy, suggesting a promising future for automating the
      evaluation of high-throughput experiments.

PMID- 18155479
TI  - Open tools for storage and management of quantitative image data.
AB  - The explosion in quantitative imaging has driven the need to develop tools for
      storing, managing, analyzing, and viewing large sets of data. In this chapter, we
      discuss tools we have built for storing large data sets for the lifetime of a
      typical research project. As part of the Open Microscopy Environment (OME)
      Consortium, we have built a series of open-source tools that support the
      manipulation and visualization of large sets of complex image data. Images from a
      number of proprietary file formats can be imported and then accessed from a
      single server running in a laboratory or imaging facility. We discuss the
      capabilities of the OME Server, a Perl-based data management system that is
      designed for large-scale analysis of image data using a web browser-based user
      interface. In addition, we have recently released a lighter weight Java-based OME
      Remote Objects Server that supports remote applications for managing and viewing
      image data. Together these systems provide a suite of tools for large-scale
      quantitative imaging that is now commonly used throughout cell and developmental
      biology.

PMID- 18155480
TI  - Metabolic syndrome: its prevalence and relationship to socio-economic parameters
      in an Iranian population.

PMID- 18155481
TI  - Platelet nitric oxide production and IR: relation with obesity and
      hypertriglyceridemia.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIM: Three NOS isoforms are responsible for nitric oxide
      production in various tissues. Endothelial constitutive NOS is expressed in
      vascular endothelium and in platelets, contributing to vascular tone regulation
      and platelet aggregation. The aim of the present work was to examine eNOS
      polymorphism, to find a correlation with platelet NO production and degree of
      insulin resistance (IR) in non-diabetic subjects and in patients affected by type
      2 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-one non-diabetic subjects and 37
      patients affected by Type 2 diabetes were recruited. The subjects were subdivided
      into 3 groups as cut-off for the definition of an insulin resistant state: IR non
      diabetic subjects, insulin sensitive subjects, and insulin-resistant patients
      affected by Type 2 diabetes. Plasma glyco-metabolic parameters, platelet nitric
      oxide production, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphism were
      measured in all subjects enrolled. Significant differences between groups were
      found in BMI, fasting glycaemia, fructosamine and HbA(1c), triglycerides and HDL
      cholesterol levels. Evaluating all the subjects, platelet NO production was
      significantly related with BMI, waist circumference, and triglycerides
      concentrations, thus suggesting an association between increased platelet NO
      production, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia, independent of the degree of
      insulin-resistance. CONCLUSION: The modified platelet NO synthesis does not seem
      to be due to eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism, while it can be hypothesized that it is
      caused by an iNOS induction, present in obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and in type
      2 diabetes.

PMID- 18155482
TI  - Evaluation of mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide cement as pulp
      capping agents in human teeth.
AB  - This study evaluated the histomorphologic response of human dental pulps capped
      with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Ca(OH)2 cement (CH). Pulp exposures
      were performed on the occlusal floor of 40 human permanent premolars. After that,
      the pulp was capped either with CH or MTA and restored with composite resin.
      After 30 and 60 days, teeth were extracted and processed for histologic exam and
      categorized in a histologic score system. The data were subjected to Kruskal
      Wallis and Conover tests (alpha = .05). All groups performed well in terms of
      hard tissue bridge formation, inflammatory response, and other pulpal findings.
      However, a lower response of CH30 was observed for the dentin bridge formation,
      when compared with MTA30 and MTA60 groups. Although the pulp healing with calcium
      hydroxide was slower than that of MTA, both materials were successful for pulp
      capping in human teeth.

PMID- 18155483
TI  - Quantification of neural protein in extirpated tooth pulp.
AB  - Because the pulp tissue extirpated during root canal procedures might serve as a
      valuable resource with which to assess underlying mechanisms of persistent pain,
      we sought to determine whether standard Western blotting techniques could be used
      to quantify neural proteins in pulp extirpated from teeth with irreversible
      pulpitis. Pulp harvested from healthy intact teeth extracted for orthodontic
      reasons was used for comparison. The neural marker PGP9.5 was detectable in all
      samples tested. A membrane enrichment protocol enabled detection of even low
      abundance, high molecular weight proteins such as the sodium channel alpha
      subunit NaV1.8. Importantly, it was possible to quantify a approximately 6-fold
      increase in the relative density of NaV1.8 in inflamed pulp compared with control
      pulp. Our results suggest that it should be possible to use extirpated tooth pulp
      to validate mechanisms of persistent pain implicated in preclinical studies as
      well as evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of novel antinociceptive interventions.

PMID- 18155484
TI  - An evaluation of buccal infiltrations and inferior alveolar nerve blocks in
      pulpal anesthesia for mandibular first molars.
AB  - We compared the anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANBs)
      with that of buccal infiltrations (BIs) in mandibular first molars. Using a
      crossover design, all subjects received a standard IANB or a BI of 1.7 mL of 4%
      articaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline (Septanest; Septodont, Saint-Maru-des-Fosses,
      France) on two appointments separated by at least 1 week. Pulpal anesthesia was
      determined by using an electric pulp tester. Electric pulp testing was repeated
      at 5, 8, 11, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes after the injections. Anesthesia was
      considered successful if the subject did not respond to the maximum output of the
      pulp tester at two or more consecutive time points. Fifty-four percent of the BI
      and 43% of the IANB were successful; the difference was not significant (p =
      0.34). The onset of pulpal anesthesia was significantly faster with BI (p =
      0.03). In conclusion, BI with 4% articaine for mandibular first molars can be a
      useful alternative for clinicians because compared with IANB it has a faster
      onset and a similar success rate.

PMID- 18155485
TI  - Profiling of radicular cyst and odontogenic keratocyst cytokine production
      suggests common growth mechanisms.
AB  - The aim of this study was to compare the cytokine expression profiles of cyst
      fluids (CFs) and tissue culture supernatants (SUPs) from 7 radicular cysts (RCs)
      and 7 odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) by using Human Cytokine Antibody Array to
      identify the specific cytokines involved in formation and expansion of RCs and
      OKCs, respectively. There were significant differences in relative expression
      levels of IL-1 beta, MCP1, MIP1 beta, FGF-9, GDNF, HGF, IGFBP-3, Ang, IP-10, MIF,
      OPG, and TGF-beta2 between RC-CF and OKC-CF (P < .05). On the other hand, the
      cytokine expression patterns of RC-SUP (HGF, IL-8, NAP-2, IL-6, TIMP-1 and 2,
      GRO, IP-10, and Ang) were similar to those of OKC-SUP. Only the relative
      expression level of GRO differed between RC-SUP and OKC-SUP (P < .05). The
      similarities of cytokine production by tissue cultures derived from RC and OKC
      indicate that the expansion mechanisms of RC and OKC might involve similar
      biologic mechanisms other than infection.

PMID- 18155486
TI  - Correlation between the expression of c-Fos and osteoclasts in induced periapical
      lesions in rats.
AB  - The experiment was undertaken to observe the correlation between the expression
      of c-Fos and osteoclasts in experimental periapical lesions in rats. Apical
      periodontitis was induced in Wistar rats by occlusal exposure of the pulp of
      their mandibular first molars. After the exposure, 25 Wistar rats were killed on
      days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The jaws that contained the first molar were obtained
      and routinely prepared for immunohistochemistry and enzyme histochemistry. A few
      c-Fos-positive cells and osteoclasts could be observed on day 7, and both
      climaxed on day 14. In the 21-day and 28-day samples, the expression of c-Fos
      decreased, and fewer osteoclasts could be observed. From day 7 to day 28, a
      significant positive correlation was found between the expression of c-Fos and
      osteoclasts. These findings demonstrated that c-Fos might be associated with the
      differentiation of osteoclasts in the periapical lesions.

PMID- 18155487
TI  - Wound healing process of injured pulp tissues with emdogain gel.
AB  - This study aimed to investigate the wound healing process of injured pulp tissues
      with Emdogain gel (EMD). Pulpotomy was performed for the first molars of the
      mandibles in rats. EMD or Vitapex (VIT)-containing calcium hydroxide was applied
      to the exposed pulp tissues. The treated teeth were extracted after 7, 14, and 28
      days and prepared for histologic examination. In the VIT-treated group, the
      number of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta)-expressing macrophages initially
      increased, followed by that of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1)
      expressing macrophages. The number of cells expressing bone morphogenetic
      proteins (BMPs) gradually increased with reparative dentin formation. Meanwhile,
      in the EMD-treated group, cells expressing IL-1 beta or TGF-beta1 were few.
      However, the number of BMP-expressing cells, partly macrophages, increased in the
      early phase, and large amounts of reparative dentin were observed. This study
      demonstrated that different healing processes existed for EMD and VIT. BMP
      expressing macrophages might play important roles in reparative dentin formation.

PMID- 18155488
TI  - Interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, Intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and
      chemokine receptor 5, but not interleukin-4, attenuate the development of
      periapical lesions.
AB  - This study examines the role of Th1 (interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) and Th2
      (interleukin-4 [IL-4] and IL-10) cytokines, an intercellular adhesion molecule
      (ICAM-1), and a chemokine receptor (CCR5) in the pathogenesis of periapical
      lesions at different stages of development in knockout mice. For lesion
      induction, the first molar was opened and inoculated with 4 bacterial strains and
      left open to the oral environment. After 21 and 42 days, the IFN-gamma, IL-10,
      ICAM-1, and CCR5 knockout animals presented periapical lesions larger than those
      of wild-type animals. There was no statistically significant difference between
      periapical lesions induced in IL-4 knockout and wild-type animals during the
      periods evaluated. Our findings suggest an important role for IFN-gamma, IL-10,
      ICAM-1, and CCR5 in the pathogenesis of experimentally induced pulp infection and
      bone destruction as endogenous suppressor of periapical lesion development,
      whereas IL-4 appears to present a nonsignificant effect on periapical lesion
      modulation.

PMID- 18155489
TI  - New Portland cement-based materials for endodontics mixed with articaine
      solution: a study of cellular response.
AB  - The biocompatibility of innovative tetrasilicate cements proposed for root-end
      filling restorations was tested. White ProRoot-MTA and AH Plus were used as
      control. The new cements were mixed with a local anesthetic solution (4%
      articaine) to form a paste. Human osteoblast-like cells Saos-2 were challenged in
      short-term cultures (72 hours) with solid materials and with material extracts
      prepared in culture medium. Cell growth and viability, cellular attachment, and
      morphologic features were assessed to verify cell/material interactions. No acute
      toxicity was exerted by the experimental cements in the assay systems. On solid
      samples Saos-2 adhered and proliferated on all the experimental cements and on
      MTA. The ultrastructural findings revealed that Saos-2 were able to adhere and to
      spread. The maintenance of the osteoblastic phenotype on the innovative cements
      was confirmed by the alkaline phosphatase assay. All experimental cements
      prepared with articaine supported the growth of bone-like cells, showing suitable
      properties to be used as canal sealers and root-end filling materials.

PMID- 18155490
TI  - Analysis of mineral trioxide aggregate surface when set in the presence of fetal
      bovine serum.
AB  - Understanding the chemical and physical characteristics of set mineral trioxide
      aggregate (MTA) surface can provide insight into its bioactivity. The purpose of
      this study was to describe the surface chemistry and morphology of gray and white
      MTA set in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Eight MTA blocks were
      prepared: four set in the presence of water and four in FBS. The surface
      morphologic characteristics were studied via scanning electron microscopy. The
      surface chemical composition of the set cement was investigated by energy
      dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and x-ray fluorescence. No difference was found
      between gray and white MTA when set in the same solution. However, MTA/FBS and
      MTA/water present differing surface morphology and chemical distributions. When
      set in FBS, MTA's surface had a homogenous distribution of chemicals and a
      relatively smooth globular appearance. MTA/water's surface was biphasic,
      containing large hexagonal crystalline plates composed of calcium embedded in a
      pool of globular crystals.

PMID- 18155491
TI  - Effect of irrigants and cementum injury on diffusion of hydroxyl ions through the
      dentinal tubules.
AB  - This study measured hydroxyl ion diffusion through dentinal tubules into a
      bathing solution. Eighty single-canal, instrumented teeth were divided into 8
      groups. Control groups 1 and 3 were irrigated with 10 mL 0.9% saline and 10 mL 6%
      sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), respectively. Control groups 5 and 7 were irrigated
      with 3 mL and 1 mL 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and then 10 mL 6%
      NaOCl, respectively. Experimental groups 2, 4, 6, and 8 were irrigated as groups
      1, 3, 5, and 7, followed by placement of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) into canals.
      Bathing solution pH was recorded for 30 days, a cementum defect was made, and
      then pH was recorded for another 30 days. With a paired difference test, average
      pH during steady state was statistically different and higher after the defect (P
      < .001). With Tukey multiple comparisons, post-defect pH for group 6 was found to
      be significantly greater (P < .01) than in other groups. This study indicated
      final canal irrigation with 3 mL 17% EDTA and 10 mL 6% NaOCl before Ca(OH)2
      placement allowed the greatest hydroxyl ion diffusion to the root surface.

PMID- 18155492
TI  - Quantitative and qualitative elemental analysis of different nickel-titanium
      rotary instruments by using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive
      spectroscopy.
AB  - This study was designed to determine if the alloy composition shares an influence
      with the geometric design on the physical behavior of nickel-titanium rotary
      endodontic instruments. ProTaper, HERO, and K3 files were selected. After
      sterilized and cleaning with alcohol, surface analysis was performed using energy
      dispersive spectroscopy. Measurements were performed on the active part and on
      the shank. SEM images of fractured instruments were also obtained and assessed.
      All three types of instruments were composed mainly of Nickel (54.3%, SD +/- 0.8)
      and Titanium (45.2%, SD +/- 0.9). SEM images revealed similar aspect with the
      presence of Kirkendall voids regularly distributed in the alloy. The results
      indicate that the difference in properties and behavior of these three endodontic
      rotary shaping instruments is solely related to the respective geometric
      characteristics of the instrument design.

PMID- 18155493
TI  - Microleakage of accelerated mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cement in an
      in vitro apexification model.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of accelerated mineral
      trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement by flow porometry analysis in an in
      vitro apexification model. Sixty-four single-rooted, extracted teeth were divided
      into 4 groups (group 1, MTA; group 2, MTA with accelerator; group 3, Portland
      cement; and group 4, Portland cement with accelerator). In an in vitro
      apexification model, MTA or Portland cement mixed with or without 10% CaCl2 was
      condensed to 2-mm thickness. The negative control group (n = 4) had the apical
      foramen sealed with epoxy resin. The maximum and mean flow pore diameters of the
      samples were tested by capillary flow porometry at 90 minutes and 48 hours after
      obturation. The addition of accelerator significantly reduced the maximum pore
      diameters of MTA and Portland cement at the initial setting phase. After 48 hours
      of obturation, the maximum and mean flow pore diameters of the accelerated
      samples were significantly reduced compared with the normal samples. There was no
      statistically significant difference in the maximum pore diameter of MTA and
      Portland cement between the measurements at 90 minutes and 48 hours. The results
      imply that the addition of accelerator into MTA or Portland cement can be useful
      in a one-visit apexification by reducing microleakage even in an early setting
      time.

PMID- 18155494
TI  - ProRoot MTA, MTA-Angelus and IRM used to repair large furcation perforations:
      sealability study.
AB  - The ability of two mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) compounds and Intermediate
      Restorative Material (IRM) to seal large furcation perforations were evaluated
      using a dye-extraction leakage method. The furcation perforations were repaired
      with and without the use of internal matrix before placement of repair material.
      Eighty extracted human mandibular first molars were divided into positive (n =
      10), negative (n = 10), and three experimental groups (n = 20) according to the
      repair material used. Each experimental group was divided into two subgroups (n =
      10) according to whether internal matrix was used or not. Dye leakage was tested
      from an orthograde direction, and dye extraction was performed using full
      concentration nitric acid. Dye absorbance was measured at 550 nm using
      spectrophotometer. ProRoot MTA (Maillfer, Dentsply, Switzerland) with and without
      internal matrix and MTA-Angelus (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) with internal
      matrix showed the least dye absorbance. IRM (Caulk, Dentsply, Milford, DE)
      without internal matrix showed the highest dye absorbance. IRM with internal
      matrix and MTA-Angelus without internal matrix had insignificant difference and
      came at intermediate level between the other groups.

PMID- 18155495
TI  - Mineral trioxide aggregate but not light-cure mineral trioxide aggregate
      stimulated mineralization.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the subcutaneous response of rat
      connective tissue to light-cure MTA and Angelus MTA. These materials were placed
      in polyethylene and dentin tubes and implanted into dorsal connective tissue of
      Wistar rats for 30 and 60 days. The specimens were prepared to be stained with
      hematoxylin-eosin, Von Kossa, and without stain for polarized light and evaluated
      in an optic microscope. The Angelus MTA showed a mild inflammatory response at 30
      days and none at 60 days, characterized by organized connective tissue, presence
      of some chronic inflammatory cells, and induction of mineralized tissue
      formation. Light-cure MTA presented a moderate chronic inflammatory response at
      30 days that decreased at 60 days but was more intense than with Angelus MTA and
      without dystrophic calcifications. It was possible to conclude that light-cure
      MTA was similar to MTA at 60 days, but it did not stimulate mineralization.

PMID- 18155496
TI  - Evaluation of Morinda citrifolia as an endodontic irrigant.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro effectiveness of Morinda
      citrifolia juice (MCJ) with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine
      gluconate (CHX) to remove the smear layer from the canal walls of endodontically
      instrumented teeth. Sixty extracted, single-rooted, mature, permanent, human
      premolar teeth with a single canal were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis at
      37 degrees C in a CO2 atmosphere for 30 days. The teeth were randomly allocated
      to 6 treatment groups; the pulp chamber was accessed, cleaned, and shaped by
      using ProTaper and ProFile rotary instrumentation to a size 35. During
      instrumentation the irrigation was provided by MCJ, NaOCl, CHX, MCJ/CHX, followed
      by a final flush of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). MCJ irrigation
      was also followed by a final flush of saline, and saline irrigation was also used
      as a negative control. The teeth were then processed for scanning electron
      microscopy, and the removal of smear layer was examined. Data were analyzed by
      chi2 statistical tests (P values) at a significance of 95%. The most effective
      removal of smear layer occurred with MCJ and NaOCl, both with a rinse of 17%
      EDTA. Both MCJ and NaOCl treatments were similarly effective with a rinse of 17%
      EDTA (P < .2471) to completely remove up to 80% of the smear layer from some
      aspects of the root canal. MCJ was more effective than CHX for removing smear
      layer (P < .0085) and saline as the negative control (P < .0001). The efficacy of
      MJC was similar to NaOCl in conjunction with EDTA as an intracanal irrigant. MJC
      appears to be the first fruit juice to be identified as a possible alternative to
      the use of NaOCl as an intracanal irrigant.

PMID- 18155497
TI  - Longitudinal co-site optical microscopy study on the chelating ability of
      etidronate and EDTA using a comparative single-tooth model.
AB  - In the present study the smear layer dissolution kinetics of 18% etidronate
      (HEBP), 9% HEBP, and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on human dentin
      were quantitatively and longitudinally analyzed by using a single-tooth
      comparative model. Coronal dentin disks were prepared from 3 maxillary human
      molars. A standardized smear layer was produced on the pulpal side of each disk.
      The smear layer-covered surface was divided into 3 similar areas. Each of these
      was then exposed to 1 of the 3 irrigants under investigation, whereas the others
      were covered with adhesive tape. Co-site image sequences of the areas under
      investigation were obtained after several cumulative demineralization times.
      Sixteen images were obtained from each dentin area of each tooth for each
      experimental time at 1000x magnification. An image processing and analysis
      sequence measured sets of images, providing data of area fraction for thousands
      of tubules over time and allowing us to quantitatively follow the effect of the
      chelating substances. The Kruskal-Wallis H test and Dunn multiple comparison test
      were used to analyze the data. Overall, it can be concluded that the
      demineralization kinetics promoted by both 9% HEBP and 18% HEBP were
      significantly slower than those of 17% EDTA (P < .05). In addition, the single
      tooth model is advantageous over the first co-site optical microscopy dentin
      assessments when different chelator solutions are compared.

PMID- 18155498
TI  - Significance of moist root canal dentin with the use of methacrylate-based
      endodontic sealers: an in vitro coronal dye leakage study.
AB  - This in vitro study compared the effect of different levels of moisture of root
      canals, from none to wet, on the coronal seal after filling with resin-coated
      gutta-percha cones/EndoRez [RGPC/ER (groups 1-4)], Resilon/Epiphany [RE/EP
      (groups 5-8)], and gutta-percha/Grossman's cement [GP/G (groups 9-12)]. The
      length of 76 single-rooted extracted human teeth was standardized to
      approximately 17 mm. After instrumentation with size 10 K-Files, #2 and #3 Gates
      Glidden burs, and preparation to the working length with K-Type files, the smear
      layer was removed with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid followed by flooding
      with distilled water. On the basis of similarities of canal shape determined by x
      rays, roots were assigned to the groups (n = 5 per group) and treated according
      to one of the following protocols. (I) ETOH: excess distilled water was removed
      with paper points followed by dehydration with 95% ethanol; (II) PAPER POINTS:
      the canals were blot-dried with paper points with the last one appearing dry;
      (III) MOIST: the canals were dried with low vacuum by using a luer adapter for 5
      seconds followed by 1 paper point for 1 second; and (IV) WET: the canals remained
      totally flooded. The roots were then filled with one of the obturation systems
      outlined above. The teeth were coated with 2 layers of nail varnish and 1 layer
      of sticky wax, except for the coronal access. In addition, positive and negative
      controls were added. After immersion in 2% methylene blue dye for 7 days, the
      samples were embedded in clear orthodontic resin and cross-sectioned at 0.5-mm
      intervals along the length of the roots. Dye penetration was evaluated by an
      independent investigator with a stereomicroscope at 40x magnification. The
      results indicated that dye leakage was affected by the degree of moisture. All
      materials evaluated showed some evidence of dye penetration, however, root canals
      filled with resin-coated gutta-percha/EndoRez and Resilon/Epiphany demonstrated
      significantly less leakage (P < .05) when moist conditions II and III were
      present.

PMID- 18155499
TI  - Setting expansion of gray and white mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland
      cement.
AB  - One possible reason for the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)
      is its slight expansion upon setting. Both gray mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA)
      and white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) are composed of approximately 75%
      Portland cement (PC). WMTA differs from GMTA in its lower content of tetracalcium
      aluminoferrite. This difference in composition may affect setting expansion. The
      purpose of this study was to compare the hydroscopic linear setting expansions of
      GMTA, WMTA, and PC with a new device. Materials were mixed with water, placed
      into a cylindrical mold, and covered with sterile water or Hank's balanced salt
      solution (HBSS). Expansion changes were measured by using a linear variable
      displacement transformer dilatometer. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc
      tests (alpha = 0.05) showed the mean expansion at 24 hours was 1.02% for GMTA,
      0.29% for PC, and 0.08% for WMTA in water immersion and 0.68% for GMTA and 0.11%
      for WMTA in HBSS immersion. GMTA expanded significantly more than WMTA in either
      water or HBSS immersion.

PMID- 18155500
TI  - Post space cleaning using a new nickel titanium endodontic drill combined with
      different cleaning regimens.
AB  - This study compared the effect of two drills and five cleaning regimens on post
      space debridement. One hundred extracted premolars were instrumented and
      obturated with warm vertical compaction of gutta percha. The teeth were divided
      into two groups according to the drill used to remove gutta percha/sealer and for
      post space preparation: a Largo drill (Largo; Dentsply, St Quentin en Yvelines,
      France) or a MTwo-PF drill (Sweden&Martina, Due Carrare, Padova, Italy). The
      following cleaning regimens were used: EDTA, ultrasonics, ultrasonics + EDTA,
      phosphoric acid, and distilled water. Scanning electron microscopic images of the
      post spaces were taken, and the presence of debris and of open dentin tubules
      were evaluated. The ultrasonics + EDTA, phosphoric acid, and EDTA groups were
      comparable in open tubules scores for both drills and in debris scores after the
      use of MTwo-PF (p > 0.05). The ultrasonics and control groups performed
      significantly worse (p < 0.05). The MTwo-PF drill resulted as effective as the
      Largo drill in obtaining a good post space cleaning, especially when followed by
      ultrasonics + EDTA irrigant regimen.

PMID- 18155501
TI  - Use of cone-beam computed tomography to identify root canal systems in vitro.
AB  - This study investigated the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a
      diagnostic tool for identifying root canal systems (RCSs) when compared with
      images obtained by using charged coupled device (CCD) and photostimulable
      phosphor plate (PSP) digital radiography in vitro. Seventy-two extracted teeth
      were exposed with CCD, PSP, and CBCT radiography. Specimens included 24 maxillary
      molars, mandibular premolars, and mandibular incisors each. Tooth-type selections
      were based on the greater possibility of multiple RCSs. Three board-certified
      endodontists evaluated CCD and PSP images to determine the number of RCSs. CBCT
      images were used to establish "ground truth" for the comparisons and were
      evaluated by a board-certified oral and maxillofacial radiologist who determined
      the number of RCSs. Descriptive statistical analysis revealed that the
      endodontists consistently agreed among themselves. When compared with CBCT
      evaluation, the endodontists, on average, failed to identify 1 or more RCSs in
      41% of the teeth with CCD and 40% of the time with PSP. CBCT evaluations
      identified an average of 3.58 RCSs per maxillary molar, 1.21 per mandibular
      premolar, and 1.5 per mandibular incisor. Evaluation of CCD images demonstrated
      an average number of 1.0 RCSs per mandibular incisor, 1.0 per mandibular first
      premolar, and 3.1 per maxillary molar. Evaluation of PSP images demonstrated an
      average number of 1.3 RCSs per mandibular incisor, 1.1 per mandibular first
      premolar, and 3.0 per maxillary molar. In summary, endodontist evaluators with
      either CCD or PSP methods failed to identify at least 1 RCS in approximately 4 of
      10 teeth, which can result in a less optimal healing outcome if a missed RCS is
      left uninstrumented and unobturated.

PMID- 18155502
TI  - Extended setting shrinkage behavior of endodontic sealers.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the polymerization shrinkage behavior of
      newly introduced root canal sealers. Three recently developed sealers; EndoRez
      (dual cure resin-based), RealSeal (dual cure resin-based), and GuttaFlow (silicon
      based) were tested and compared with TubliSeal (zinc oxide-eugenol-based). The
      bonded disk method was used. Sixty specimens were tested at body and room
      temperatures. Dual cure resin-based sealers were tested as chemically cured only
      and as dual cured. Samples were tested for 24 hours. It was found that there were
      statistically significant differences between the tested sealers. EndoRez had the
      highest shrinkage-strain value, followed by RealSeal, whereas TubliSeal had the
      lowest. GuttaFlow exhibited expansion on polymerization. It was concluded that
      shrinkage associated with setting might jeopardize the seal of the root canal,
      leading to root canal failure.

PMID- 18155503
TI  - Comparative analysis of the particle size and shape of commercially available
      mineral trioxide aggregates and Portland cement: a study with a flow particle
      image analyzer.
AB  - The aim of this study is to characterize the particle size distribution and
      circularity of various Mineral Trioxide Aggregates (MTA) (ProRoot MTA/ MTA
      Angelus/Gray and White) and Portland cements with effective size ranges of 1.5
      160 microm using a flow particle analyzer (Sysmex FPIA-3000, Kobe, Japan).
      Cumulative percentage of particles between 6 and 10 microm were, 65, 73, 48, 53,
      and 70 %, for Gray ProRoot MTA, White ProRoot MTA, Gray MTA Angelus, White MTA
      Angelus, and Portland cement, respectively. ProRoot MTA contains fewer large
      particles than MTA Angelus. MTA Angelus contains a higher number of small
      particles than ProRoot MTA. White MTA contains smaller particles with a narrower
      range of size distribution than Gray MTA. MTA Angelus particles have relatively
      low circularity and wide size distribution and are less homogeneous than ProRoot
      MTA.

PMID- 18155504
TI  - Comparison of rotary instrumentation and continuous wave obturation to
      reciprocating instrumentation and single cone obturation with a hydrophilic
      sealer.
AB  - This in vitro study compared the effectiveness between ProFile 29 Series rotary
      system followed by continuous wave obturation and the Endo-Eze system. Thirty-six
      human mandibular canine and premolar teeth were randomly separated into 2 groups
      of 18. Each tooth was embedded in resin and sectioned at 2, 6, and 12 mm from the
      apex and viewed under the scanning electron microscope at 50-150x magnification.
      The percentages of canal space occupied by gutta-percha, sealer, debris, and
      voids were measured and analyzed with Image J software. Results were calculated
      by using an analysis of variance model with fixed effects for method, distance,
      and distance interaction. Repeatability of measurements and intraclass
      correlation coefficients were calculated. These results demonstrated that
      obturation with the continuous wave technique achieved significantly more gutta
      percha occupying the canal space than the Endo-Eze system. Under the conditions
      of this study, the continuous wave technique was less likely to exhibit voids
      than the Endo-Eze technique. Furthermore, neither the Profile Series 29 nor the
      Endo-Eze system cleaned and shaped elliptical canals consistently.

PMID- 18155505
TI  - Root resorption associated with mandibular bone erosion in a patient with
      scleroderma.
AB  - A rare feature of mandibular bone erosion and external apical resorption of a
      mandibular left third molar (tooth #17) in a patient with scleroderma is
      described. Scleroderma is characterized by vascular and fibrous changes of the
      mucocutaneous surfaces and viscera caused by immunologically mediated connective
      tissue disorders. A dental panoramic tomogram of the patient revealed notable
      erosion of the left ramus, the inferior border of the mandible, and the left
      coronoid process. Resorption of the distal root of the tooth #17 was notable,
      coincident with the mandibular erosive process, and such association has not yet
      been reported. The report details the possible cause of this unusual presentation
      of tooth root resorption. The increased physical pressure of the tight facial
      mucocutaneous tissues from the scleroderma is likely to have participated in the
      resorptive process.

PMID- 18155506
TI  - Endodontic management of a mandibular second premolar with four roots and four
      root canals with the aid of spiral computed tomography: a case report.
AB  - Aberrations in the root canal anatomy are a commonly occurring phenomenon. A
      thorough knowledge of the basic root canal anatomy and its variations is
      necessary for successful completion of the endodontic treatment. Mandibular
      second premolars usually have a single root and a single root canal. The
      incidence of three separate roots itself in this tooth is quite rare, and the
      presence of four separate roots and four distinct root canals has never been
      reported in literature so far. The use of spiral computed tomography scan in this
      rare case greatly contributed towards making a confirmatory diagnosis and
      successful nonsurgical endodontic management thereafter.

PMID- 18155507
TI  - Echium oil reduces plasma lipids and hepatic lipogenic gene expression in apoB100
      only LDL receptor knockout mice.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with echium oil (EO), which
      is enriched in stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4 n-3), the product of Delta-6
      desaturation of 18:3 n-3, will decrease plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations
      and result in conversion of SDA to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the liver.
      Mildly hypertriglyceridemic mice (apoB100-only LDLrKO) were fed a basal diet
      containing 10% calories as palm oil (PO) and 0.2% cholesterol for 4 weeks, after
      which they were randomly assigned to experimental diets consisting of the basal
      diet plus supplementation of 10% of calories as PO, EO or fish oil (FO) for 8
      weeks. The EO and FO experimental diets decreased plasma TG and VLDL lipid
      concentration, and hepatic TG content compared to PO, and there was a significant
      correlation between hepatic TG content and plasma TG concentration among diet
      groups. EO fed mice had plasma and liver lipid EPA enrichment that was greater
      than PO-fed mice but less than FO-fed mice. Down-regulation of several genes
      involved in hepatic TG biosynthesis was similar for mice fed EO and FO and
      significantly lower compared to those fed PO. In conclusion, EO may provide a
      botanical alternative to FO for reduction of plasma TG concentrations.

PMID- 18155509
TI  - Supplementation with vitamins C and E improves mouse lung repair.
AB  - Cigarette smoke (CS) induces emphysema by tissue destruction through the
      production of oxidants and metalloproteinases [matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)].
      The possibility of lung repair after emphysema remains unclear. Our aim was to
      study the effects of vitamins C and E on mouse lung repair evaluated by catalase
      (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and MMP-9 activities; by the amount of tumor
      necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in lung homogenates; by cell quantification in
      bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid; and by lung histology. Male C57BL/6 mice
      (n=25) were exposed to nine cigarettes per day, 7 days/week, for 60 days in a
      whole-body exposure chamber. The control group was sham smoked (n=10). After 60
      days of CS exposure, a group of animals was sacrificed (n=5) and the others were
      divided into two groups: (a) CSv (n=10) supplemented with saline and olive oil
      (vehicles) for 60 days and (b) CSr (n=10) supplemented with vitamins C and E (50
      mg/kg/day) for 60 days. These mice were then sacrificed; BAL was performed and
      the lungs were removed for biochemical and histological analysis. The results
      demonstrated that CAT activity was decreased in the CSv and CSr groups compared
      to the control group. SOD activity was higher in the CSv group than in the
      control and CSr groups. The CSv group showed a higher neutrophil count in BAL
      fluid, associated with more TNF-alpha in lung homogenates, than the control or
      CSr groups. Finally, emphysema in the CSv group was associated with fewer
      collagen and elastic fibers than in the control and CSr groups. These results
      indicate a possible role of vitamins C and E in lung repair after emphysema
      induced by long-term CS exposure in mice.

PMID- 18155508
TI  - Allicin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial
      pathway in HL60 and U937 cells.
AB  - In this article, the effects of allicin, a biological active compound of garlic,
      on HL60 and U937 cell lines were examined. Allicin induced growth inhibition and
      elicited apoptotic events such as blebbing, mitochondrial membrane
      depolarization, cytochrome c release into the cytosol, activation of caspase 9
      and caspase 3 and DNA fragmentation. Pretreatment of HL60 cells with cyclosporine
      A, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP),
      inhibited allicin-treated cell death. HL60 cell survival after 1 h pretreatment
      with cyclosporine A, followed by 16 h in presence of allicin (5 microM) was
      approximately 80% compared to allicin treatment alone (approximately 50%). Also N
      acetyl cysteine, a reduced glutathione (GSH) precursor, prevented cell death. The
      effects of cyclosporine A and N-acetyl cysteine suggest the involvement of mPTP
      and intracellular GSH level in the cytotoxicity. Indeed, allicin depleted GSH in
      the cytosol and mitochondria, and buthionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of
      GSH synthesis, significantly augmented allicin-induced apoptosis. In HL60 cells
      treated with allicin (5 microM, 30 min) the redox state for 2GSH/oxidized
      glutathione shifted from EGSH -240 to -170 mV. The same shift was observed in
      U937 cells treated with allicin at a higher concentration for a longer period of
      incubation (20 microM, 2 h). The apoptotic events induced by various
      concentrations of allicin correlate to intracellular GSH levels in the two cell
      types tested (HL60: 3.7 nmol/10(6) cells; U937: 7.7 nmol/10(6) cells). The
      emerging mechanistic basis for the antiproliferative function of allicin,
      therefore, involves the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by GSH
      depletion and by changes in the intracellular redox status.

PMID- 18155510
TI  - Troglitazone but not conjugated linoleic acid reduces gene expression and
      activity of matrix-metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in PMA-differentiated THP-1
      macrophages.
AB  - Gene expression and activity of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9 in
      macrophages are reduced through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
      (PPARgamma)-dependent inhibition of NF-kappaB. Since conjugated linoleic acids
      (CLAs) are PPARgamma ligands and known to inhibit NF-kappaB via PPARgamma, we
      studied whether CLA isomers are capable of reducing gene expression and
      gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and -9 in PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages,
      which has not yet been investigated. Incubation of PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells
      with either c9t11-CLA, t10c12-CLA or linoleic acid (LA), as a reference fatty
      acid, resulted in a significant incorporation of the respective fatty acids into
      total cell lipids relative to control cells (P<.05). Treatment of PMA
      differentiated THP-1 cells with 10 and 20 micromol/L troglitazone but not with 10
      or 100 micromol/L c9t11-CLA, t10c12-CLA or LA reduced relative mRNA
      concentrations and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 compared to control cells (P<.05).
      DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB and PPARgamma and mRNA expression of the NF
      kappaB target gene cPLA2 were not influenced by treatment with CLA. In contrast,
      treatment of PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells with troglitazone significantly
      increased transactivation of PPARgamma and decreased DNA-binding activity of NF
      kappaB and relative mRNA concentration of cPLA2 relative to control cells
      (P<.05). In conclusion, the present study revealed that CLA isomers, in contrast
      to troglitazone, did not reduce gene expression and activity of MMP-2 and -9 in
      PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages, which is probably explained by the
      observation that CLA isomers neither activated PPARgamma nor reduced DNA-binding
      activity of NF-kappaB. This suggests that CLA isomers are ineffective in MMP
      associated extracellular matrix degradation which is thought to contribute to the
      progression and rupture of advanced atherosclerotic plaques.

PMID- 18155511
TI  - Long-term phytosterol treatment alters gene expression in the liver of apo E
      deficient mice.
AB  - Dietary phytosterols significantly reduce plasma cholesterol concentrations and
      atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout (apo E-KO) mice. We investigated the
      long-term effects of phytosterol treatment on gene expression in the liver of
      these mice. Male apo E-KO mice were fed an atherogenic diet supplemented with
      (n=6) or without (n=6) 2% (wt/wt) phytosterol mixtures for 14 weeks. Liver
      specimens were collected and stored in RNAlater immediately. mRNA was extracted
      and subjected to microarray analyses and real-time quantitative reverse
      transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for confirmation.
      Oligonuleotide microarray analysis of pooled samples (n=3) revealed that the
      expression of 132 genes/transcripts was significantly altered in treated animals,
      considering the false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.23. Real-time RT-PCR techniques
      confirmed these alterations in the expression of several of these genes,
      including Hmgcr (2.16-fold; P=.0002), Hmgcs1 (1.79-fold; P=.001), Hsd17b7 (2.11
      fold; P=.028), Sqle (2.03-fold; P=.01), Cyp51 (1.8-fold; P=.001), Fads1 (1.55
      fold; P=.031), Fads2 (2.17-fold; P=.047), Lpin1 (3.67-fold; P=.001), Ppargc1b
      (PGC-1beta; a coactivator of sterol-regulatory element-binding proteins; 1.66
      fold; P=.007) and Cyp7B1 (1.81-fold; P=.025). In summary, our data suggest that
      long-term dietary phytosterols can alter the expression of a number of hepatic
      genes that regulate sterol metabolism in apo E-KO mice. It is possible that these
      changes are due to inhibition of cholesterol absorption, but are not a direct
      effect of plant sterols. Further multivariate correlation or association analysis
      is needed to establish the relations between changes in the expression of these
      genes and prevention of atherosclerosis by phytosterols.

PMID- 18155512
TI  - Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits interleukin-1beta-induced MUC5AC gene
      expression and MUC5AC secretion in normal human nasal epithelial cells.
AB  - It has been reported that the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL
      1beta) induces mucus hypersecretion in normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE) cells
      and that the MAP kinase pathway may be an important signal pathway in IL-1beta
      induced MUC5AC gene expression. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) polyphenols are
      potent anti-inflammatory agents and have been shown to inhibit inflammation in
      tumor cell lines and cultured respiratory epithelial cells. In this study, we
      examined the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea
      polyphenol, on IL-1beta-induced MUC5AC gene expression and secretion in NHNE
      cells. After cells had been treated with IL-1beta (10 ng/ml) and pretreated with
      EGCG (10, 50 and 100 microM), mRNA expression of MUC5AC was determined by real
      time polymerase chain reaction. The suppression of each signal pathway protein
      was determined by Western blot analysis after treatment with IL-1beta and EGCG,
      respectively. IL-1beta increased MUC5AC gene expression and MUC5AC secretion.
      EGCG markedly suppressed IL-1beta-induced MUC5AC gene expression and MUC5AC
      secretion via suppression of the phosphorylation of ERK MAP kinase, MSK1, and
      transcription factor, cAMP response element-binding protein. IL-1beta increased
      the number of cells staining positive with MUC5AC antibodies, and EGCG treatment
      decreased this number. Our data suggest that EGCG may be an effective inhibitor
      of IL-1beta-induced mucus hypersecretion.

PMID- 18155514
TI  - Marfan syndrome-diagnosis and management.
AB  - Marfan syndrome (MFS) is the most common inherited disorder of connective tissue
      that affects multiple organ systems. This autosomal-dominant condition has an
      incidence of 2-3 per 10,000 individuals. Although genetic testing is available,
      the diagnosis is still primarily made using the Ghent criteria. Early
      identification and appropriate management is critical for patients with MFS who
      are prone to the life-threatening cardiovascular complications of aortic
      dissection and rupture. Advances in the understanding of the cause of MFS, early
      recognition of the disorder, and subsequent institution of medical and surgical
      therapy has resulted in dramatic improvement in the prognosis of this patient
      population over the past few decades. Beta-blockers have been demonstrated to
      slow aortic growth and thus delay the time to aortic surgery. Operative
      intervention has markedly changed the prognosis of patients with MFS and can be
      safely performed on an elective basis. Identification of presymptomatic patients
      is critical to reduce the frequency of catastrophic aortic events.

PMID- 18155515
TI  - Different needs: women's drug use and treatment in the UK.
AB  - The experiences of female drug users are often very different from that of their
      male counterparts. Female, and especially pregnant, drug users suffer greater
      social stigma than men, and often suffer a greater severity of addiction with
      physical and psychological reactions. This paper explores how women's experience
      of drug use differs from men, and the implication that this has for delivering
      drug treatment and drug services in the UK, including in the prison setting. It
      is argued that drug services in the UK need to be better tailored to meet the
      specific needs of women.

PMID- 18155516
TI  - A hand-held surface plasmon resonance biosensor for the detection of ricin and
      other biological agents.
AB  - There is an ongoing need for field-deployable biosensor devices. We have
      constructed a fully self-contained, hand-held biosensor, based on the surface
      plasmon resonance technique. The dimensions of the sensor unit are 15 x 8 cm, the
      weight is 600 g and it is powered by a 9 V battery. We have characterised the
      responsiveness of the sensor using calibrated sucrose solutions and were able to
      measure changes as small as 3.3 x 10(-6) refractive index units. To demonstrate
      functionality of the sensor, we have prepared surfaces with an antibody fragment
      specific for the biological toxin ricin. We were able to detect ricin at 200
      ng/mL in 10 min, which is approximately 2500 times less than the minimum lethal
      dose. We were also able to verify positive binding within a second 10 min window.
      This sensor demonstrates important steps required for the development of fully
      integrated, hand-held sensor devices and will form the basis of a multi-analyte
      system, to be developed in the near future. It also represents the first
      completely hand-held SPR device, not requiring external power or a computer
      connection to operate.

PMID- 18155517
TI  - Lactic acid production by mixed cultures of Kluyveromyces marxianus,
      Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Lactobacillus helveticus.
AB  - Lactic acid production using Kluyveromyces marxianus (IFO 288), Lactobacillus
      delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (ATCC 11842) and Lactobacillus helveticus (ATCC
      15009) individually or as mixed culture on cheese whey in stirred or static
      fermentation conditions was evaluated. Lactic acid production, residual sugar and
      cell biomass were the main features examined. Increased lactic acid production
      was observed, when mixed cultures were used in comparison to individual ones. The
      highest lactic acid concentrations were achieved when K. marxianus yeast was
      combined with L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, and when all the strains were used
      revealing possible synergistic effects between the yeast and the two lactic acid
      bacteria. The same synergistic effects were further observed and verified when
      the mixed cultures were applied in sourdough fermentations, proving that the
      above microbiological system could be applied in the food fermentations where
      high lactic acid production is sought.

PMID- 18155518
TI  - Optimizing edible fungal growth and biodegradation of inedible crop residues
      using various cropping methods.
AB  - Long-term manned space flights to Mars require the development of an advanced
      life support (ALS) ecosystem including efficient food crop production, processing
      and recycling waste products thereof. Using edible white rot fungi (EWRF) to
      achieve effective biomass transformation in ALS requires optimal and rapid
      biodegradative activity on lignocellulosic wastes. We investigated the mycelial
      growth of Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus on processed residues of
      various crops under various cropping patterns. In single cropping, mycelial
      growth and fruiting in all strains were significantly repressed on sweet potato
      and basil. However, growth of the strains was improved when sweet potato and
      basil residues were paired with rice or wheat straw. Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus)
      strains were better than shiitake (L. edodes) strains under single, paired, and
      mixed cropping patterns. Mixed cropping further eliminated the inherent
      inhibitory effect of sweet potato, basil, or lettuce on fungal growth. Co
      cropping fungal species had a synergistic effect on rate of fungal growth,
      substrate colonization, and fruiting. Use of efficient cropping methods may
      enhance fungal growth, fruiting, biodegradation of crop residues, and efficiency
      of biomass recycling.

PMID- 18155519
TI  - Chemical resolution of +/- -calanolide A, +/- -cordatolide A and their 11
      demethyl analogues.
AB  - The chemical resolution of (+/-)-calanolide A and (+/-)-cordatolide A into their
      corresponding optically active enantiomers is described. Their inhibitory
      activities against HIV-1 are tested in vitro.

PMID- 18155520
TI  - 3D-QSAR models on clinically relevant K103N mutant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
      obtained from two strategic considerations.
AB  - Clinically relevant Lys103Asn (K103N) mutant frequently observed in HIV-1 reverse
      transcriptase (RT) confers drug resistance. To obtain useful structural
      information necessary for targeted-inhibitor design, molecular docking combined
      with 3D-QSAR CoMFA and CoMSIA was applied to a set of 53 structurally diverse HIV
      RT inhibitors. Two strategies were applied to generate 3D-QSAR models. The first
      strategy is the flexibility-based molecular alignment (FMA), similar to receptor
      based alignment, which samples the biological space of K103N mutant HIV-RT. FMA
      was conducted by docking the compounds to four structural data of mutant HIV-RT
      with PDB codes: 1SV5, 2IC3, 1FKP and 1FKO, which are co-crystallized according to
      NNRTI inhibitors such as etravirine, HBY-097, nevirapine, and efavirenz. The best
      superposition of the compounds to the active site of 1FKP structure suggests
      specific inhibition of nevirapine-resistance. The second strategy is the dataset
      division which employs the principal component analysis (PCA) to classify the
      dataset into training and test sets that yields statistically significant and
      robust models. The PCA design selection tool by the most descriptive compounds
      (MDC) outperforms the largest minimum distance (LMD) for the present dataset.
      Overall, the results demonstrated the feasibility of the two strategies to the
      present case and hold a promise for its general applicability to future QSAR
      studies. The generated models are predictive based on reproducible values of the
      predicted compared with experimental activities. Further, the complementary
      analysis of contour maps to the mutant HIV-RT binding site suggested the anchor
      points for binding affinity. The present study introduced the concept 'clamp
      flex' for the rational design of targeted-inhibitor to overcome the K103N pan
      class resistance mutation. The predictive models offer new insights into binding
      modes involving the hydrophobicity and flexibility of the active site.

PMID- 18155521
TI  - Synthesis, SAR, and antibacterial activity of novel oxazolidinone analogues
      possessing urea functionality.
AB  - The syntheses of a number of novel oxazolidinone analogues possessing an urea
      functionality are reported. While the urea derivatives possessing aliphatic and
      aromatic groups were prepared by the more conventional isocyanate method, the
      derivatives possessing heterocyclic rings were synthesized by a relatively
      uncommon but otherwise efficient carbamate chemistry. Though the SAR resulted in
      novel compounds possessing in vitro activity equivalent to Linezolid, the
      compounds possess a range of substituents that are amenable for altering
      physicochemical properties of the resultant drug. The antibacterial activity was
      found to be not sensitive to the functional groups attached to the urea site
      regardless of the size and electronic characteristics. Based on in vivo results,
      one molecule has been identified as a candidate and additional work such as salt
      selection, scale-up, etc., are currently underway to take the molecule further
      through development.

PMID- 18155522
TI  - A new splice site mutation in the SMN1 gene causes discrepant results in SMN1
      deletion screening approaches.
AB  - In most patients with infantile spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) both exons 7 and 8
      of the SMN1 gene are deleted, but the deletion may also be restricted to exon 7.
      We report on an SMA type I patient who was initially diagnosed to be homozygous
      for an exon 7 deletion only. However, multiplex ligation-dependent probe
      amplification (MLPA) analyses revealed a heterozygous deletion of exons 7 and 8
      of the SMN1 gene. By sequencing a new subtle splice site mutation (IVS6-2A>G) was
      identified. This variant affects the target sequence of oligonucleotides of all
      applied tests in a way that it has contrary effects on the efficiencies of the
      different assays. The results have major impacts on genetic counselling and
      carrier detection of the patient's paternal relatives.

PMID- 18155523
TI  - Mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord: do not discard the cord!

PMID- 18155524
TI  - Altered mental status in a kidney transplant recipient receiving tacrolimus.

PMID- 18155525
TI  - Primary hyperoxaluria: clinical course, diagnosis, and treatment after kidney
      failure.
AB  - Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic
      disorder resulting in the overproduction of plasma oxalate. Although the
      enzymatic defect is in hepatocyte peroxisomes, uncontrolled levels of oxalate
      result in calcium oxalate deposition in multiple organs. Because the primary
      route of elimination of oxalate is renal excretion, high levels are found in
      urine, which results in supersaturation and crystal nucleation. Patients
      typically present with recurrent nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. If not
      diagnosed early, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and systemic calcium oxalate
      deposition can occur. Once ESRD develops, intensive dialysis therapy is unable to
      keep pace with the high oxalate production, and the preferred therapeutic
      intervention is combined kidney-liver transplantation. Here, we report a young
      man with a history of recurrent nephrolithiasis who presented to us with ESRD and
      subsequently developed manifestations of systemic oxalosis. The diagnosis of PH1
      must be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with ESRD
      with a history of recurrent nephrolithiasis. The diagnosis of PH1 is more
      challenging in patients with ESRD, for whom urinary oxalate levels are often
      normal or only modestly increased because of decreased glomerular filtration, and
      recurrent nephrolithiasis is no longer the dominant clinical feature.

PMID- 18155526
TI  - Weight for gestational age as a baseline predictor of kidney function in
      adulthood.

PMID- 18155527
TI  - Brain natriuretic peptide therapy to prevent acute kidney injury after cardiac
      surgery.

PMID- 18155528
TI  - Effect of intrauterine growth restriction on kidney function at young adult age:
      the Nord Trondelag Health (HUNT 2) Study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The hypothesis of intrauterine origin of adult disease is debated. We
      tested whether intrauterine growth restriction is associated with later kidney
      function. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 7,457
      Norwegian adults aged 20 to 30 years participating in the population-based Nord
      Trondelag Health Study (1995-1997) with data for birth weight, gestational age,
      and maternal and perinatal risk factors registered at the Medical Birth Registry
      of Norway. PREDICTOR: Birth weight expressed as an SD score (SDS) to adjust for
      gestational age and sex. Subjects with a birth weight SDS less than -2.0, -2.0 to
      -1.3, and -1.3 to 1.3 were defined as very small, small, and appropriate for
      gestational age, corresponding to less than the 3rd, 3rd to 10th, and 10th to
      90th percentiles, respectively. OUTCOME & MEASUREMENTS: Kidney function estimated
      using the Cockcroft-Gault and isotope dilution mass spectrometry-traceable 4
      variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation. Values less
      than the sex-specific 10th percentile were defined as low-normal kidney function.
      RESULTS: Compared with men with birth weight appropriate for gestational age (n =
      2,755), odds ratios for low-normal creatinine clearance (<100 mL/min) were 1.66
      (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 2.37) if small for gestational age (n =
      261) and 2.40 (95% CI, 1.46 to 3.94) if very small for gestational age (n = 101).
      Kidney function estimated using the MDRD Study equation gave similar results.
      Women (n = 3,126, 283, and 112, respectively) had odds ratios of 1.65 (95% CI,
      1.17 to 2.35) and 2.00 (95% CI, 1.21 to 3.29) for low-normal creatinine clearance
      (<80 mL/min), whereas the association was not significant using the MDRD Study
      equation. Using linear regression, creatinine clearance decreased by 4.0 mL/min
      (95% CI, 3.3 to 4.6) in men and 2.9 mL/min (95% CI, 2.2 to 3.5) in women per 1
      SDS decrease. Adjusting for possible confounders did not influence results.
      LIMITATIONS: Selection bias could be a problem because the participation rate was
      49%, but there were no statistically significant differences between participants
      and nonparticipants regarding maternal and perinatal characteristics. Adjusting
      kidney function for body size can be a special problem in people with
      intrauterine growth restriction. CONCLUSIONS: Although effects were still small
      in young adulthood, intrauterine growth restriction was significantly associated
      with low-normal kidney function. The effect was weaker and less consistent in
      women compared with men.

PMID- 18155529
TI  - Metabolic syndrome and the development of CKD in American Indians: the Strong
      Heart Study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Metabolic impairments that precede type 2 diabetes, such as metabolic
      syndrome, may contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This
      study documents the prevalence and incidence of CKD and the prospective
      association between metabolic syndrome and CKD in American Indians without
      diabetes in the Strong Heart Study. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.
      SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: American Indians aged 45 to 74 years from 3 geographic
      regions were recruited by using tribal records and were assessed every 3 years
      from 1989 to 1999 as part of the Strong Heart Study. Participants with type 2
      diabetes, on dialysis therapy, or who received a kidney transplant at baseline
      examination were excluded. PREDICTOR: Metabolic syndrome, defined using Adult
      Treatment Panel III criteria. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS: CKD was measured by using
      estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio
      (ACR) dichotomized at conventional cutoff values. The association between
      metabolic syndrome and incident CKD was evaluated by using multivariable Cox
      proportional hazards models and binomial regression, with statistical adjustment
      for confounders (age, sex, study center, education, and smoking). RESULTS:
      Metabolic syndrome was present in 896 (37.7%) and absent in 1,484 participants
      (62.3%) at baseline. The prevalence of ACR of 30 mg/g or greater at baseline
      examination was 12.1%, with 290 new cases and an incidence of 233/10,000 person
      years. The prevalence of eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was 7.8%, with 189
      new cases and an incidence of 138/10,000 person-years. The prevalence of CKD was
      17.8%, with 388 new cases and an incidence of 342/10,000 person-years. The
      adjusted hazard ratio for CKD associated with metabolic syndrome was 1.3 (95%
      confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 1.6). Equivalent hazard ratios for ACR greater
      than 30 mg/g and eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) were 1.4 (95% CI, 1.0 to 1.9)
      and 1.3 (95% CI, 1.0 to 1.6), respectively. The relationship between metabolic
      syndrome and kidney outcomes was stronger in those who developed diabetes during
      follow-up. LIMITATIONS: Intraindividual variability in serum creatinine and ACR
      measures may have resulted in some misclassification of participants by outcome
      status. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of
      developing CKD in American Indians without diabetes. The mechanism through which
      metabolic syndrome may cause CKD in this population likely is the development of
      diabetes.

PMID- 18155530
TI  - Risk factors for development and progression of diabetic kidney disease and
      treatment patterns among diabetic siblings of patients with diabetic kidney
      disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Diabetic siblings of patients with treated kidney failure from
      diabetic kidney disease are at a 5-fold increased risk of future kidney failure.
      The objective of this study is to define risk factors for kidney disease,
      clinical features, and treatment patterns in diabetic siblings of patients with
      diabetes with diabetic kidney disease. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis
      using data collected from diabetic siblings of patients with diabetic kidney
      disease. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 295 diabetic siblings with mean diabetes
      duration of 15 years from within a 400-mile radius of Cleveland, OH, or Winston
      Salem, NC. PREDICTORS: Demographic data, diabetes duration, blood pressure (BP),
      access to health care, and diabetes control. OUTCOMES: Albuminuria (defined as
      urinary albumin-creatinine ratio >or= 30 mg/g, with microalbuminuria with albumin
      of 30 to 300 mg/g and macroalbuminuria with albumin > 300 mg/g), renal function.
      MEASUREMENTS: BP, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, serum creatinine,
      glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), estimated glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS:
      Mean diabetes duration was 14.6 +/- 10.6 years. Albuminuria was present in 46% of
      participants. In individuals with diabetes duration of 11 to 15 years, 25% had
      microalbuminuria and 18.2% had macroalbuminuria. Despite a positive family
      history and a high prevalence of albuminuria, only 35.3% of participants had a
      target systolic BP less than 130 mm Hg. HbA(1c) levels were 7% or greater in
      57.4% of patients, and 26.4% of participants were smokers. Only 58% of patients
      received angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or receptor blockers. In
      microalbuminuric participants, HbA(1c) level was greater than 10% in 28.6% versus
      13.3% in those without albuminuria (P = 0.02). LIMITATIONS: A control group of
      diabetic siblings without a family history of diabetic kidney disease was not
      obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic siblings of patients with diabetic kidney disease
      have a high prevalence of albuminuria and poor glycemic and BP control. Targeting
      these high-risk individuals for interventions to improve their BP and blood
      glucose control might prevent or slow the progression of diabetic kidney disease.

PMID- 18155531
TI  - Increased risk of hip fracture among men with CKD.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have disturbances in
      mineral metabolism. Those requiring dialysis therapy are at substantially
      increased risk of fracture. However, fracture risk in patients with CKD not
      requiring dialysis has not been well studied. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort.
      SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: We identified men who sought care at 8 Veterans Affairs
      Medical Centers located in the Northwest from July 1999 to March 2006 who had a
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Patients who
      received long-term dialysis therapy or had a previous organ transplant, diagnosis
      of cancer, or history of hip fracture were excluded. Proportional hazards models
      were used to estimate the association of GFR stage with relative risk of hip
      fracture. PREDICTOR: GFR estimated on the basis of 2 or more consecutively
      abnormal outpatient serum creatinine measurements during a 6-month period.
      OUTCOME: Hip fracture ascertained from patient medical records. RESULTS: In
      33,091 veterans, 176 hip fractures were identified. After adjustment for age,
      body mass index, diabetes, and use of selected medications, relative risks of hip
      fracture for men with a GFR of 30 to 59 and 15 to 29 mL/min/1.73 m(2) were 1.28
      (95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.66) and 3.98 (95% confidence interval, 2.25
      to 7.74), respectively. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective study of men only.
      CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the risk of hip fracture in men with CKD
      stage 4 is increased to a degree similar to that of dialysis patients.

PMID- 18155532
TI  - Periodontal disease and other nontraditional risk factors for CKD.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease, undiagnosed in a significant number of
      adults, is a public health problem. Given the systemic inflammatory response to
      periodontal disease, we hypothesized that periodontal disease could be associated
      with chronic kidney disease. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING &
      PARTICIPANTS: We identified 12,947 adults 18 years or older with information for
      kidney function and at least one risk factor in the Third National Health and
      Nutrition Examination Survey. PREDICTOR: The main predictor was periodontal
      status. Other nontraditional and traditional risk factors included socioeconomic
      status, health status, health behavior, biomarker levels, anthropometric
      assessment, and health care utilization. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS: Chronic kidney
      disease was defined using the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative stages 3
      and 4 with a moderate to severe decrease in kidney function (glomerular
      filtration rate, 15 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). Univariable and multivariable
      logistic regression models assessed the associations between chronic kidney
      disease and periodontal disease and other nontraditional risk factors. RESULTS:
      Chronic kidney disease prevalence was 3.6%; periodontal disease prevalence was
      6.0%; and edentulism prevalence was 10.5%. Adults with periodontal disease and
      edentulous adults were twice as likely to have chronic kidney disease (adjusted
      odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 2.21; adjusted odds ratio,
      1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 2.56, respectively) after simultaneously
      adjusting for other traditional and nontraditional risk factors. LIMITATIONS:
      Temporal association is unknown. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal disease and its severe
      consequence, edentulism, were independently associated with chronic kidney
      disease after adjusting for other traditional and nontraditional risk factors.
      This model could contribute to identifying individuals at risk of chronic kidney
      disease and reduce its burden.

PMID- 18155533
TI  - Circadian variation of death in hemodialysis patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is a circadian variation of death in nondialysis populations,
      with more cardiovascular events occurring in the morning. Whether this holds true
      in hemodialysis patients was never investigated. STUDY DESIGN: Case series.
      SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: All prevalent (>3 months on hemodialysis therapy) and
      incident (<or=3 months on hemodialysis therapy) patients of a dialysis network
      followed up prospectively for 18 months. PREDICTORS: Patient characteristics and
      circumstances of death. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS: Time of death. Data for time of
      death were collected within 72 hours of the event. The frequency of deaths
      occurring in the morning hours (4:01 am to 12:00 noon) was compared with that
      expected by chance alone. RESULTS: Time of death could be defined in 873 of 927
      deaths (94.2%). In 459 prevalent hemodialysis patients, morning deaths occurred
      24.8% more frequently than expected (P < 0.001). No similar excess was observed
      in the 414 incident hemodialysis patients (P = 0.9). In logistic regression,
      significant predictors of death occurring from 4:01 am to 12:00 noon in all
      subjects were being an outpatient (odds ratio [OR], 1.89; 95% confidence interval
      [CI], 1.24 to 2.88) and time since the end of the last dialysis treatment
      (postdialysis 49- to 72-hour period: OR, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.13 to 2.64] compared
      with 1 to 24 hours postdialysis). Considering prevalent hemodialysis patients
      only, being an outpatient (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.17 to 3.18), postdialysis 25- to
      48- and 49- to 72-hour periods (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.68 and OR, 1.80; 95%
      CI, 1.03 to 3.12), diabetes (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.63]), and beta-blocker
      use (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.43) were directly related and the presence of
      medical symptoms during the last dialysis treatment (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.34 to
      0.83) was inversely related to the risk of morning death. LIMITATIONS: No
      information for causes of deaths was gathered. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalent
      hemodialysis patients have an excess of morning deaths, and its predictors
      suggest potential avenues for intervention studies.

PMID- 18155534
TI  - Exploring relative mortality and epoetin alfa dose among hemodialysis patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Confounding-by-indication is a bias in nonexperimental studies that
      occurs when outcomes are compared for treated and untreated patients and the
      treatment or medication dose is related to predictors of the outcome. Two recent
      publications reported that greater epoetin alfa (EPO) doses were associated with
      increased mortality rates. We assessed whether confounding-by-indication might
      account for these results. STUDY DESIGN: We used a retrospective cohort study
      design. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Hemodialysis patients were randomly selected from
      a large dialysis organization from July 2000 to June 2002 and were required to
      have completed a 9-month baseline period. PREDICTOR: EPO dose assessed during
      months 7 to 9 of the baseline period and monthly throughout the follow-up period.
      Hemoglobin (Hb) was assessed as average value during months 4 to 6 of the
      baseline period and monthly throughout the follow-up period. All other covariates
      were assessed during months 1 to 6 of the baseline period. OUTCOME: All-cause
      mortality during the 1 year of follow-up. Baseline Cox models were fitted with
      log EPO and Hb with and without adjustment for baseline patient characteristics.
      Time-dependent models were fitted with time-varying log EPO and Hb and,
      separately, lagged log EPO and Hb, with adjustment for baseline patient
      characteristics. RESULTS: 22,955 patients met our inclusion criteria. In the
      unadjusted model, we observed increased mortality risk with increasing EPO dose
      (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31 per log unit increase; 95% confidence interval [CI],
      1.26 to 1.36). Adjustment for baseline patient characteristics resulted in an
      appreciably decreased HR (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.28). In the lagged time
      dependent analyses, estimates ranged from HR of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.92 to 0.95) to HR
      of 1.01 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.03) for the 1- and 2-month lagged models,
      respectively. LIMITATIONS: This analysis was limited to prevalent hemodialysis
      patients, and inhospital EPO dosing information was unavailable. CONCLUSIONS: The
      observed mortality risk estimates associated with EPO dose in nonexperimental
      studies in dialysis patients may be highly sensitive to the analytic method used.
      This highlights the complexity of evaluating the association between EPO dose, Hb
      level, and mortality in these studies.

PMID- 18155535
TI  - Model predictive control of erythropoietin administration in the anemia of ESRD.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Variable hemoglobin (Hb) response to erythropoiesis-stimulating
      agents (ESAs) may result in adverse outcomes. New methods are needed to determine
      the appropriate dose of ESA to maintain the target Hb level. DESIGN: (1)
      Observational study to develop an algorithm for model predictive control (MPC) by
      using an artificial neural network model of Hb response to ESA. (2) Computer
      simulation to test MPC versus a conventional anemia management protocol (AMP).
      (3) Clinical trial to test MPC. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: The MPC was developed
      from historic data from 186 long-term hemodialysis patients at the University of
      Louisville, KY. Testing by simulation occurred in 60 hypothetical patients
      generated from random sampling of the 186 patients. The trial included 9
      hemodialysis patients who received ESA doses based on MPC recommendations over 6
      months. PREDICTOR: Management by means of MPC or AMP. OUTCOME OF INTEREST:
      Achieved Hb level and variability measured by means of the difference between
      achieved Hb level and target Hb level of 11.5 g/dL and erythropoietin dose. In
      the trial, Hb level deviation from target was compared in the same subjects
      between the study (last 4 of 6 months on MPC) and control (4 months on AMP
      immediately proceeding the study period) periods. RESULTS: In simulation,
      achieved Hb levels were 12.3 +/- 0.6 g/dL for AMP and 11.6 +/- 0.4 g/dL for MPC
      (P < 0.001), mean SDs were 0.75 +/- 0.30 g/dL for AMP and 0.60 +/- 0.21 g/dL for
      MPC (P < 0.01), and mean absolute differences from target were 0.8 +/- 0.6 g/dL
      for AMP and 0.3 +/- 0.3 g/dL for MPC (P < 0.001). In the trial, achieved Hb
      levels were 11.9 +/- 1.1 g/dL for AMP and 11.8 +/- 0.6 g/dL for MPC (P = 0.8),
      mean SDs were 0.86 +/- 0.60 g/dL for AMP and 0.64 +/- 0.33 g/dL for MPC (P =
      0.4), and mean absolute differences from target were 1.19 +/- 0.79 g/dL for AMP
      and 0.79 +/- 0.50 g/dL for MPC (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: MPC of ESAs may result in
      improved anemia management.

PMID- 18155536
TI  - Staff burnout and patient satisfaction with the quality of dialysis care.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although there has been increasing interest in assessing patient
      satisfaction with health care during the past year, relatively few studies
      investigated hemodialyzed patient satisfaction. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional
      study of the relationship between burnout in nephrologists and nurses and patient
      satisfaction with their care. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Nephrologists (n = 68),
      nurses (n = 334), and hemodialyzed patients (n = 695) from 10 dialysis centers
      across northern Italy. PREDICTOR: Staff burnout was assessed using the Maslach
      Burnout Inventory. Three staff burnout subscales were developed by using factor
      analysis: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment.
      OUTCOMES: Patient satisfaction was assessed by means of a multichoice
      questionnaire that incorporated 4 patient satisfaction dimensions: (1)
      completeness of medical information, (2) emotional relationship with health care
      staff, (3) performance of dialysis center staff, and (4) organizational aspects
      of health care service. Each item was scored on a 4-point scale ranging from 1
      (very dissatisfied) to 4 (very satisfied). Spearman rank-order correlation was
      used to examine relationships between patient satisfaction and each of the 3
      staff burnout subscales for each dialysis center. RESULTS: Overall, burnout
      scores were lower than the Italian normative sample, with no significant
      differences between physicians and nurses. However, considering each dialysis
      center separately, in 2 centers, nurses registered higher emotional exhaustion
      levels compared with physicians, with statistically significant differences (P =
      0.004 and P = 0.003, respectively). Analysis of patient overall satisfaction
      assessments showed general appreciation for the "courtesy" and "kindness" of
      staff, but evidence of problems regarding organizational aspects and structural
      factors. However, the most critical dimension was for "information." There was a
      significant positive correlation between staff personal accomplishment and client
      satisfaction (P < 0.01) and a significant negative correlation between staff
      emotional exhaustion and patient satisfaction (P < 0.01). No significant
      correlation was found between staff depersonalization and patient satisfaction
      level. LIMITATIONS: Factor analysis should be considered exploratory and
      confirmed in future use of the questionnaire. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest
      that high levels of burnout in physicians and nurses are associated with poor
      patient satisfaction in dialysis units. Identifying and preventing staff burnout
      may increase patient satisfaction with health care.

PMID- 18155537
TI  - Frequency of swing-segment stenosis in referred dialysis patients with
      angiographically documented lesions.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The segment of the vein mobilized for arterial anastomosis in the
      creation of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the swing segment. This segment may
      experience turbulent flow and altered shear mechanical stress that result in
      stenosis. We sought to determine the frequency of stenotic lesions in the swing
      segment. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS: From January 31,
      2003, to June 30, 2005, records of all patients referred to an outpatient
      hemodialysis vascular access center for AVF dysfunction were reviewed (n = 484).
      Of these, 278 patients had angiographically documented stenosis (any degree of
      luminal narrowing) on their first visit. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS: Distribution of
      stenoses in different segments of the AVF. Swing-segment stenoses were classified
      as proximal (outflow into axillary vein system), distal or juxta-anastomotic
      (adjacent to the anastomosis), and the cephalic arch. RESULTS: Overall prevalence
      of angiographically documented swing segment stenosis (proximal, distal or juxta
      anastomotic, and cephalic arch) was 45.7% (127 of 278 patients), whereas the
      remaining stenoses (151 of 278 patients) were distributed among the puncture
      zone, arterial, arterial anastomosis, and central veins. The most frequent
      location of the swing-segment stenosis was juxta-anatomosis (63%; 80 of 127
      patients), followed by cephalic arch (19%; 24 of 127 patients) and proximal swing
      segment (18%; 23 of 127 patients). The distribution of swing-segment stenosis (n
      = 127) was equivalent among the various fistulas (brachial-cephalic, 35.4%;
      radial-cephalic, 33.9%; and brachial-basilic, 30.7%). Eighty-three percent of
      swing-segment stenoses were significant (>50% luminal narrowing) and underwent
      percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, with a 93% success rate. LIMITATIONS:
      Retrospective nature of the study and potential selection bias. CONCLUSION: In
      our population, swing-segment stenosis is the most common lesion in dysfunctional
      AVFs; juxta-anastomotic stenosis is the predominant lesion independent of fistula
      type. Whether the occurrence of swing-segment stenosis is caused by mobilization
      of the vein during surgery is not clear.

PMID- 18155538
TI  - Comparison of hemodialysis blood access flow rates using online measurement of
      conductivity dialysance and ultrasound dilution.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Routine access flow (AF) surveillance is recommended by the Kidney
      Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative as one of several components for an
      arteriovenous vascular access maintenance program. A reliable, but affordable,
      measurement tool is needed for outpatient hemodialysis facilities. STUDY DESIGN:
      Diagnostic test study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 50 adult patients with 27 grafts
      and 23 fistulas from a single center who consented to sequential AF measurements,
      all performed within the first 90 minutes of the hemodialysis treatment. INDEX
      TEST: AF measured by using online conductivity dialysance (OLC-AF). REFERENCE
      TEST: AF measured by using ultrasound dilution (UD-AF). RESULTS: Mean UD-AF was
      1,086 +/- 629 mL/min, and mean OLC-AF was 951 +/- 575 mL/min, with a mean
      difference of 135 +/- 229 mL/min. OLC-AF correlated significantly with UD-AF
      (0.93; P < 0.0001), becoming tighter for flows less than 1,000 mL/min (0.95; P <
      0.0001). The coefficient of variation for sequential measurement by using UD was
      6.4%, and for OLC, 11.5%, with the difference becoming insignificant (7.6% versus
      8.8%; P = 0.5) for flows less than 1,000 mL/min. The average of 2 sequential UD
      AF measurements correlated tightly with that of OLC-AF (0.99; P < 0.0001).
      LIMITATIONS: Tests were performed by 2 highly trained coordinators in a single
      clinic with a small sample size, and clinical outcomes were not evaluated.
      CONCLUSION: The OLC method is a reasonable alternative to UD for flow
      surveillance of arteriovenous hemodialysis accesses and provides an option for
      widespread implementation of a vascular access surveillance program. Additional
      studies are needed to determine whether routine use impacts on clinical outcomes.

PMID- 18155539
TI  - Blood lead levels, malnutrition, inflammation, and mortality in patients with
      diabetes treated by long-term hemodialysis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Blood lead levels (BLLs) are associated with mortality in the general
      population. The clinical significance of BLLs in long-term hemodialysis (HD)
      patients with diabetes is unknown. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional and 1-year
      prospective study. SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS: 211 patients with diabetes on long
      term HD therapy at 3 centers. PREDICTOR: BLLs measured before HD at baseline,
      categorized as abnormal (>20 microg/dL), high normal (10 to 20 microg/dL), and
      low normal (<10 microg/dL). OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS: Malnutrition, defined as
      serum albumin level less than 3.6 g/dL, and inflammation, defined as high
      sensitivity C-reactive protein level greater than 3 mg/dL, for cross-sectional
      analyses. Mortality and cause of death for longitudinal analyses. RESULTS: 34,
      112, and 65 patients had abnormal, high-normal, and low-normal BLLs at baseline.
      At baseline, patients with abnormal BLLs had a greater proportion of malnutrition
      (14.7% versus 1.5% and 11.6%; P = 0.01) and inflammation (76.5% versus 52.3% and
      50.9%; P = 0.01) than those with low- and high-normal BLLs. Backward stepwise
      regression analysis found that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level
      correlated positively and albumin level correlated negatively with BLLs after
      other confounders were adjusted. At the end of follow-up, 16 patients had died.
      Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with an abnormal BLL had greater
      mortality than those with low and low-normal BLLs (P = 0.004). LIMITATIONS: Small
      sample size, sparse outcomes, and limited follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: BLL may
      contribute to inflammation and nutritional status in long-term HD patients with
      diabetes on long-term HD therapy and may relate to 1-year mortality in these
      patients.

PMID- 18155540
TI  - Bilateral infiltrating renal inflammatory pseudotumor responsive to
      corticosteroid therapy.
AB  - Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a quasi-neoplastic lesion that most commonly
      involves the lung, but has been shown to occur in nearly every tissue type. Renal
      involvement is very uncommon. We report the second case of IPT ever published
      presenting as bilateral infiltrating renal masses. Although most renal IPTs were
      treated with nephrectomy, our patient was managed successfully with conservative
      steroid treatment, thereby avoiding the alternative of dialysis or kidney
      transplantation.

PMID- 18155541
TI  - A case report of adenovirus-related acute interstitial nephritis in a patient
      with AIDS.
AB  - In immunosuppressed individuals, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant
      recipients, adenoviruses (ADVs) are a well-known cause of morbidity and
      mortality, with limited treatment options. However, only a few cases were
      reported in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and little
      is known about the relevance of such an infection in these patients with many
      other concomitant opportunistic infections. We report the case of a 34-year-old
      man with AIDS presenting with gross hematuria, right flank pain, and acute
      decrease in kidney function superimposed on chronic kidney disease. His CD4 count
      was 0/muL despite highly active antiretroviral therapy. A computed tomographic
      scan showed enlargement of the right renal pelvis. Cystoscopy showed no clots or
      macroscopic lesions. Urine analysis showed no bacteria or abnormal epithelial
      cells. ADV was found in viral culture and by using real-time polymerase chain
      reaction in the patient's urine and later in blood. The renal biopsy specimen
      showed ADV-related tubulointerstitial nephritis with intranuclear inclusions in
      tubular cells stained by anti-ADV antibodies, in addition to chronic tubular and
      vascular changes. The ADV serotype belonged to subgroup B. Cidofovir therapy was
      contraindicated for this patient; therefore, he was administered intravenous
      ribavirin. The efficiency of this treatment could not be assessed because he
      rapidly developed neutropenia and disseminated aspergillosis and died. This case
      illustrates another cause of acute kidney disease in very immunosuppressed
      patients with AIDS, probably underdiagnosed.

PMID- 18155542
TI  - Antibody-mediated rejection with a striking interstitial monocyte/macrophage
      infiltration in a renal allograft under FTY720 treatment.
AB  - FTY720, a novel immunomodulator, causes rapid temporary depletion of peripheral
      blood lymphocytes, inducing their sequestration in secondary lymphoid organs.
      FTY720 is effective in animal models of transplantation and is under evaluation
      for use in human transplantation. We report a 48-year-old renal transplant
      recipient who developed acute antibody-mediated rejection under a high-dose
      FTY720 (5 mg/d), low-dose cyclosporine A, and prednisone treatment protocol. A T
      cell antihuman globulin and National Institutes of Health extended B-cell cross
      match with donor cells were negative before transplantation. At 10 weeks
      posttransplantation, serum creatinine level increased and a renal biopsy showed a
      striking interstitial CD68(+) monocyte/macrophage infiltration with C4d staining
      of peritubular capillaries. Flow panel reactive antibody levels were positive in
      the recipient's serum for class I (9%) and class II (75%). The positive panel
      reactive antibody levels and presence of C4d in peritubular capillaries justified
      the diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection. However, the presence of macrophage
      rich interstitial infiltrate suggested a contribution of cellular rejection. The
      morphological characteristic of rejection with a striking interstitial CD68(+)
      monocyte/macrophage infiltration with paucity of T cells is very unusual and may
      reflect a unique effect of FTY720 therapy.

PMID- 18155543
TI  - Cellular senescence, cardiovascular risk, and CKD: a review of established and
      hypothetical interconnections.
AB  - Cellular senescence is associated with shortened or damaged telomeres and is
      characterized by permanent exit from the cell cycle, morphological changes, and
      altered function. It develops after repeated cell divisions and also can be
      induced prematurely by stress conditions. The senescent phenotype, depending on
      cell type and atherosclerosis phase, seems to be a proatherosclerotic one: it
      promotes endothelial dysfunction and appears to be implicated in plaque
      destabilization, as well as in endothelial progenitor cell alteration. Many
      traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular disease risk factors induce
      senescence in a variety of vascular cells. Several of these factors, such as
      diabetes, hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation, are clustered in
      patients with chronic kidney disease. In a limited number of recent studies,
      stress-induced premature cellular senescence in this biologically aged population
      also was described. The hypothesis that premature cellular senescence might be
      considered an additional atherosclerosis-inducing factor in patients with chronic
      kidney disease is proposed.

PMID- 18155544
TI  - Who we are and might be: in global health, excellence demands equity.
AB  - About the Author: Dr Edward O'Neil Jr earned his medical degree from George
      Washington University, and completed a residency and chief residency in internal
      medicine at Boston Medical Center. Dr O'Neil completed the 3-year Kellogg
      National Leadership Program, studying leadership, international development, and
      politics. In 1998, he founded the nonprofit organization Omni Med
      (www.omnimed.org), which focuses on health volunteerism and ethical leadership.
      To date, over 120 physicians have gone abroad through Omni Med's innovative,
      cooperatively designed programs in Belize, Guyana, and Kenya. Omni Med also
      compiles data on global health service opportunities, making it easier for anyone
      so interested to serve. Dr O'Neil is the author of 2 books published by the
      American Medical Association in 2006, Awakening Hippocrates: A Primer on Health,
      Poverty, and Global Service and A Practical Guide to Global Health Service. In
      2007, Dr O'Neil was appointed Chair of a Brookings Institution Taskforce on
      Health Service in Sub-Saharan Africa. He is a practicing emergency physician at
      Caritas St. Elizabeth's Medical Center in Boston, an assistant professor of
      emergency medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine, and Adjunct Faculty at
      George Washington University School of Medicine.

PMID- 18155545
TI  - Hypertension and proteinuria in a 17-year-old at 19 weeks' gestation.

PMID- 18155546
TI  - Low protein diet supplemented with ketoanalogues makes hemodialysis withdrawal
      possible.

PMID- 18155547
TI  - Standards and precision of thought: what might Galbraith say?

PMID- 18155548
TI  - An innovative strategy to effectively prevent ESRD.

PMID- 18155550
TI  - Immediate breast reconstruction for phyllodes tumors.
AB  - Phyllodes tumors are rare breast tumors. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment and
      mastectomy has been the traditional procedure adopted for these tumors. Although
      wide excision with adequate margins gives equivalent results, mastectomy may
      still be required if the tumors are very large. There are very few reports on the
      use of breast reconstruction after mastectomy for phyllodes tumors. We present a
      series of 7 patients with phyllodes tumors who were treated with mastectomy and
      immediate breast reconstruction. Mastectomy was conventional in 4 patients and
      skin sparing in 3. Reconstruction was performed with latissimus dorsi (LD)
      musculocutaneous flap in 4 patients and transverse rectus abdominis
      musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap in 3 patients. The mean follow-up was 40.1 months.
      One patient developed recurrence, 1 year after the surgery, which was treated
      with excision and radiotherapy. The cosmetic results were acceptable to all
      patients. Skin sparing mastectomy was associated with better cosmetic results.

PMID- 18155551
TI  - Weaning from ventilation: does a care bundle approach work?
AB  - There has been renewed interest in weaning from mechanical ventilation in
      critical care since the publication of the Modernisation Agency paper in 2002.
      There have been many papers reporting ways of improving the weaning process but
      these are specific to single elements and neglect the contextual issues that
      influence the weaning process. Care bundles have been introduced nationally to
      standardise patient care and improve patient outcome. Examples in critical care
      are the ventilator care bundle and sepsis care bundle. However, since care
      bundles have become linked with targets and part of the 10 High Impact Changes
      there is a tendency to want to call everything a care bundle. A care bundle is a
      small but critical set of processes that when implemented together improve
      outcome. One critical care network has written a weaning care bundle. This is an
      example of a service improvement initiative the aim of which was to improve
      weaning from mechanical ventilation. This paper reviews this approach and
      presents results from a pilot in one teaching hospital.

PMID- 18155553
TI  - Reliability of a method for analyzing three-dimensional knee kinematics during
      gait.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Different attachment systems have been proposed in an effort to
      reduce skin movement artifacts when recording knee bone movement during gait. One
      such system, called exoskeleton, has shown promising accuracy but little is known
      concerning its reliability. The objective of this study was to determine the
      intra- and inter-observer reliability of this attachment system for recording 3D
      knee kinematics during gait. METHODS: Two separate studies were conducted. The
      intra-observer study involved one observer who reinstalled the exoskeleton on 15
      healthy subjects and recorded gait kinematics four times for each subject. The
      inter-observer study also involved 15 healthy subjects and for each of these
      subjects, three observers reinstalled and recorded gait kinetics three times in
      randomized order. FINDINGS: In the intra-observer setting, ICC values were 0.92,
      0.94 and 0.88 for knee flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and
      internal/external tibial rotation, respectively. In the inter-observer setting,
      the corresponding values were 0.94, 0.92 and 0.89. INTERPRETATION: The high ICC
      values found indicate very high reliability of the exoskeleton for recording 3D
      knee kinematics despite reinstallation. Moreover, the values between both
      settings are very similar which indicates that reliability is independent of the
      observer who performs the installation. Therefore, evaluations may be carried out
      by several different clinicians without impacting reliability.

PMID- 18155552
TI  - Generation of functional natural killer and dendritic cells in a human stromal
      based serum-free culture system designed for cord blood expansion.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: We have previously reported on the ability of a mesenchymal stem cell
      based serum-free culture system to expand human cord blood (CB) hematopoietic
      stem cells along the myeloid pathway and simultaneously generate a CD7(+)CD34(-)
      population. In this study, we investigated the ability of the CD7(+)CD34(-)
      population to differentiate into natural killer and dendritic cells (DCs).
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: CB CD34(+) cells were expanded over a mesenchymal stem
      cell layer in serum-free medium supplemented with stem cell factor, basic
      fibroblast growth factor, leukemia inhibitor factor, and Flt-3 ligand for 2
      weeks. Cultured cells were harvested and CD7(+)CD34(-)Lin(-) cells sorted and
      plated for 2 additional weeks in either natural killer- or DC-inductive medium.
      RESULTS: Culture of CD34(+) cells for the first 2 weeks in this system resulted
      in expansion of the stem cell pool and the myeloid component of the graft, and
      also produced a 58-fold increase in the CD7(+)CD34(-) cell population. When
      sorted CD7(+)CD34(-)Lin(-) cells were induced toward a natural killer cell
      phenotype, further expansion was observed during this time in culture, and
      differentiation was confirmed by cytotoxic activity and by flow cytometry, with
      cells displaying CD16 and CD56 in the absence of CD3. Generation of DC cells in
      culture was also verified by observing both the characteristic dendritic
      morphology and the dendritic phenotypes HLA-DR(bright)CD123(bright)CD11c(-) and
      HLA-DR(bright)CD11c(+). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the ability of an
      ex vivo culture system to drive expansion of human CB hematopoietic stem cells,
      while promoting the immune maturation of the graft and generation of DC and
      natural killer cells that could then be utilized for adoptive cancer cellular
      immunotherapy.

PMID- 18155554
TI  - Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of thiadiazole-derivatives as
      potent and orally active peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha/delta
      dual agonists.
AB  - Replacement of the methyl-thiazole moiety of GW501516 (a PPARdelta selective
      agonist) with [1,2,4]thiadiazole gave compound 21 which unexpectedly displayed
      submicromolar potency as a partial agonist at PPARalpha in addition to the high
      potency at PPARdelta. A structure-activity relationships study of 21 resulted in
      the identification of 40 as a potent and selective PPARalpha/delta dual agonist.
      Compound 40 and its close analogs represent a new series of PPARalpha/delta dual
      agonists. The high potency, high selectivity, significant gene induction,
      excellent PK profiles, low P450 inhibition or induction, and good in vivo
      efficacy in four animal models support 40 being selected as a pre-clinical study
      candidate, and may render 40 as a valuable pharmacological tool in elucidating
      the complex roles of PPARalpha/delta dual agonists, and the potential usage for
      the treatment of metabolic syndrome.

PMID- 18155555
TI  - Omega filter installed in the 1MV microscope of Kyushu University.
AB  - A 1.25MV high-voltage electron microscope with a B-type omega filter has been
      successfully installed at Kyushu University. An image detection chamber has been
      set inside a concrete block below the ground level without changing the frame
      structure for anti-vibration. Nearly the same design as that for the 200kV
      microscope has been kept for the present omega filter except for its size. A new
      pre- and post-filter lens system with rotation-free imaging has been designed.
      Energy resolution, beam shape and stability of the filter have been measured.
      Some application data have been obtained to demonstrate the performance of the
      filter.

PMID- 18155556
TI  - Localised malignant pleural mesothelioma: a separate clinical entity requiring
      aggressive local surgery.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Localised malignant pleural mesotheliomas are very rare and although
      there are sporadic reports in the literature showing that they have a different
      biological behaviour compared to diffuse MPM there is no major series published
      demonstrating results of surgical treatment. We present our experience in
      treating these tumours. METHODS: Over an 8-year period we performed radical or
      debulking surgery in 218 patients with MPM. Ten of these patients had localised
      chest wall tumours and a biopsy either highly suspicious or confirming malignant
      pleural mesothelioma. They were all male with an average age of 65.9 (56-80)
      years. Three of the tumours were epithelioid, three biphasic and three
      sarcomatoid. They all had chest wall resections, with limited lung resections
      where the tumours were infiltrating the lung and reconstruction using a double
      prolene mesh and orthopaedic cement. Perioperative events and long-term survival
      were analysed and survival was compared to survival following operations for
      diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma. RESULTS: There was no 30-day mortality
      with only two patients suffering from pleural collections that required
      ultrasound guided drainage 2 and 8 weeks after the operation. Two patients died
      from disease progression 3 and 10 months after the operation. Using Kaplan-Meier
      analysis the mean survival was 56 months. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that
      surgery is indicated in treating localised MPM even in T4 (diffuse chest wall
      involvement) tumours but pleuropneumonectomy is not necessary. These tumours seem
      to have a different biological behaviour compared to diffuse MPM but further
      research, including identification of possibly different biological markers is
      necessary.

PMID- 18155557
TI  - The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in asthmatic children.
AB  - Reduced responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in
      patients with various chronic allergic inflammatory disorders and a blunted HPA
      axis response of poorly controlled asthmatics before long-term treatment with
      inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have been reported. It seems that pro- and anti
      inflammatory cytokines might be involved in the attenuation of cortisol and
      adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) responses to stress in these patients.
      Although long-term ICS treatment might produce mild adrenal suppression in some
      asthmatic children, improvement of adrenal function has been detected in the
      majority of cases. We postulate that the anti-inflammatory effects of ICS result
      both in asthma remission and HPA axis improvement. Adrenal suppression of some
      asthmatic patients on maintenance ICS seems to be a separate phenomenon, possibly
      constitutionally or genetically determined.

PMID- 18155558
TI  - Contrasting effects of P2 receptor agonists on spontaneous contractility of human
      fallopian tubes with and without acute inflammation.
AB  - Two groups of women were used to compare effects of P2 receptor agonists on the
      contractile activity of isolated human fallopian tubes with and without acute
      purulent inflammation. A control group included women with uterine tubes without
      inflammation (n=15). A study group included women, operated for unsuccessful
      conservative anti-inflammatory treatment of acute purulent tuboovarial formations
      (group with acute purulent salpingitis, n=16). Division into two groups was done
      according to pathohistological diagnosis. Spontaneous contractions of the
      isolated tubes were registered isometrically with electromechanical transducer
      before and after incubation of the tissues with agonists of P2 receptors-ATP,
      UTP, 2-methylthio-ATP and alpha,beta-methylene-ATP. In the control group neither
      of the agonists produced any significant effect on fallopian tube contractility.
      In the study group, ATP, 2-methylthio-ATP and alpha,beta-methylene-ATP
      significantly increased the spontaneous contractility of isolated tubes. It is
      suggested that higher activity of P2 receptor agonists in the uterine tubes with
      acute purulent inflammation is due to expression of several subtypes of P2
      receptors during inflammation.

PMID- 18155559
TI  - Water-mediated protein-fluorophore interactions modulate the affinity of an ABC
      ATPase/TNP-ADP complex.
AB  - TNP-modified nucleotides have been used extensively to study protein-nucleotide
      interactions. In the case of ABC-ATPases, application of these powerful tools has
      been greatly restricted due to the significantly higher affinity of the TNP
      nucleotide for the corresponding ABC-ATPase in comparison to the non-modified
      nucleotides. To understand the molecular changes occurring upon binding of the
      TNP-nucleotide to an ABC-ATPase, we have determined the crystal structure of the
      TNP-ADP/HlyB-NBD complex at 1.6A resolution. Despite the higher affinity of TNP
      ADP, no direct fluorophore-protein interactions were observed. Unexpectedly, only
      water-mediated interactions were detected between the TNP moiety and Tyr(477),
      that is engaged in pi-pi stacking with the adenine ring, as well as with two
      serine residues (Ser(504) and Ser(509)) of the Walker A motif. Interestingly, the
      side chains of these two serine residues adopt novel conformations that are not
      observed in the corresponding ADP structure. However, in the crystal structure of
      the S504A mutant, which binds TNP-ADP with similar affinity to the wild type
      enzyme, a novel TNP-water interaction compensates for the missing serine side
      chain. Since this water molecule is not present in the wild type enzyme, these
      results suggest that only water-mediated interactions provide a structural
      explanation for the increased affinity of TNP-nucleotides towards ABC-ATPases.
      However, our results also imply that in silico approaches such as docking or
      modeling cannot directly be applied to generate 'affinity-adopted' ADP- or ATP
      analogs for ABC-ATPases.

PMID- 18155562
TI  - National trends in adolescent bariatric surgical procedures and implications for
      surgical centers of excellence.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is indicated for severely obese adolescents who
      have failed nonsurgical treatment. Our objective was to examine national trends
      in the use of bariatric operations among adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: The Kids'
      Inpatient Database was used to identify bariatric surgery patients in the
      pediatric population (age younger than 18 years) for 1997, 2000, and 2003.
      Patients were identified by procedure codes for bariatric operations with
      confirmatory diagnosis codes for obesity. Nationally representative estimates of
      trends in bariatric procedures, patient characteristics, hospital
      characteristics, and in-hospital complication rates were calculated. We augmented
      our analysis with the 2003 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, to ascertain hospitals'
      overall bariatric surgical volume (adolescents and adults). RESULTS: From 1997 to
      2003, the estimated number of adolescent bariatric procedures performed
      nationally increased 5-fold from 51 to 282 (p < 0.01). More than 100 hospitals
      performed bariatric procedures on adolescents in 2003, most of which (87%)
      performed 4 or fewer adolescent bariatric operations annually. Operations were
      predominantly performed in adult hospitals (85%). Although most hospitals had
      high overall bariatric operation volumes (> 200 bariatric procedures for patients
      of any age), 39% of adolescent bariatric procedures were performed at lower
      volume centers. Patients were predominantly Caucasian (68%) and female (72%),
      with a mean age of 16 years (minimum age 12 years). In-hospital complications
      occurred in 6% of patients. There were no in-hospital deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Our
      findings indicate a recent, rapid increase in the frequency of adolescent
      bariatric procedures. Most hospitals that performed bariatric procedures on
      adolescents had limited experience with adolescent bariatric patients, although
      many of these hospitals appear to have been experienced adult centers with high
      overall bariatric volume (adolescents and adults). Future research must better
      clarify the institutional qualifications considered mandatory for treatment of
      eligible adolescents.

PMID- 18155563
TI  - The zero mortality paradox in surgery.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients considering where to have surgery may reasonably believe
      that their chances of survival are highest at hospitals whose reported operative
      mortality is zero. We sought to determine if hospitals with zero mortality over 3
      years also have lower than average mortality in the subsequent year. STUDY
      DESIGN: We obtained national Medicare data on five operations with high operative
      mortality (> 4.0%): coronary artery bypass grafting, abdominal aortic aneurysm
      repair, and resections for colon, lung, and pancreatic cancer. For each
      procedure, we defined zero mortality hospitals as those with no inpatient or 30
      day deaths during the 3-year period 1997 to 1999. To determine whether these
      hospitals actually have lower mortality than other hospitals, we compared their
      mortality during the next year (2000) with the mortality at all other hospitals.
      RESULTS: For four procedures, operative mortality in zero mortality hospitals in
      the subsequent year was no different than that in other hospitals: abdominal
      aortic aneurysm repair (6.3% zero mortality hospitals versus 5.8% other
      hospitals; (adjusted relative risk [RR]=1.09; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.29); lobectomy for
      lung cancer (5.1% versus 5.3%; RR=0.96; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.15); colon cancer
      resection (6.0% versus 6.6%; RR=0.91; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.03); and coronary artery
      bypass surgery (4.0% versus 5.0%; RR=0.81; 95% CI 0.61 to 1.04). In the case of
      pancreatic cancer resection, zero mortality hospitals had substantially higher
      mortality than other hospitals (11.2% versus 8.7%; RR=1.29; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.59).
      CONCLUSIONS: Paradoxically, hospitals with a history of zero mortality
      subsequently experience mortality rates that are the same or higher than those of
      other hospitals. Patients considering surgery should not consider a reported
      mortality of zero as being a reliable indicator of future performance.

PMID- 18155564
TI  - How useful are clinical, biochemical, and cross-sectional imaging features in
      predicting potentially malignant or malignant cystic lesions of the pancreas?
      Results from a single institution experience with 220 surgically treated
      patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine the use of preoperative clinical,
      biochemical, and cross-sectional imaging features for predicting malignancy in
      cystic lesions of the pancreas (CLP). STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred twenty patients
      who underwent operations for CLP or suspected CLP were reviewed. Patients were
      divided into two groups, patients undergoing operations for pseudocysts and
      patients undergoing operations for suspected cystic neoplasms. The predictive
      effect of various preoperative factors on the malignant potential of CLP was
      evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-four patients with a preoperative diagnosis of
      pseudocysts underwent operations for complications of pseudocyst. Forty-two were
      confirmed pathologically to have pseudocysts, but two were found, unexpectedly,
      to harbor malignant lesions. One hundred seventy-six patients underwent
      operations for suspected pancreatic cystic neoplasms. There were 70 benign, 51
      potentially malignant, and 55 malignant CLP. On multivariate analysis, three
      factors, ie, elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or carbohydrate
      antigen 19-9; cyst size > 3 cm; and presence of one or more of three morphologic
      features, such as solid component; peripheral calcification; and main duct
      dilation on cross-sectional imaging were independent predictors of malignancy.
      Presence of two or three of these factors had a positive predictive value of 88%
      in predicting a premalignant or malignant CLP. CONCLUSIONS: Most pancreatic
      pseudocysts can be accurately diagnosed preoperatively. In patients with
      suspected pancreatic cystic neoplasms, elevated serum CEA or carbohydrate antigen
      19-9, cyst size > 3 cm, and presence of suspicious morphologic features on
      imaging are predictors of potentially malignant or malignant CLP. Patients with a
      high likelihood of a potentially malignant or malignant lesion based on these
      three factors should undergo operation without additional investigations.

PMID- 18155565
TI  - Trends in adoption of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in rural versus urban
      hospitals.
AB  - BACKGROUND: For many general surgeons, the professional isolation of rural
      practice serves as an obstacle to the adoption of new techniques. Whether this
      obstacle impeded the dissemination of laparoscopy in rural settings is not known.
      STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective, descriptive comparison of the
      adoption rate of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in small rural versus urban
      hospitals in the US using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1988 to 1997.
      Additionally, we examined differences in in-hospital mortality, length of
      hospital stay, and in-hospital reintervention rates. RESULTS: There were
      4,985,465 cholecystectomies performed nationwide from 1988 to 1997. Over this
      time period, the proportion of procedures done laparoscopically increased from
      2.5% to 76.6% for elective cholecystectomy and from 0.7% to 67.5% for urgent
      cholecystectomy. The proportion of elective procedures done laparoscopically
      increased sharply from 1989 to 1992, from 3.5% to 73.7%, and remained high in
      both rural and urban areas, with negligible difference in timing of adoption. Use
      of the laparoscopic approach for urgent cholecystectomy increased sharply from
      1990 to 1992 (4.9% to 54.6%) and, since 1992, has increased similarly in both
      rural and urban areas. The adjusted in-hospital mortality rate for laparoscopic
      cholecystectomy did not differ significantly between rural and urban hospitals
      (0.47% and 0.57%, respectively, p=0.6). The in-hospital reintervention rate was
      0.88% for both rural and urban hospitals (p=0.98). There were no significant
      differences in mortality or reintervention rates when cases were stratified by
      admission type (elective versus urgent). CONCLUSIONS: Most rural surgeons
      successfully overcame professional isolation in learning and adopting
      laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

PMID- 18155566
TI  - Cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioplegic arrest activates protein kinase C in the
      human myocardium.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The protein kinase C (PKC) family consists of 12 isoforms, 6 of which
      have been found in human myocardium (PKC alpha, beta I/beta II, delta, epsilon,
      eta, and lambda/iota). These kinases function in regulation of contractility, ion
      channels, and in cellular protection or damage during ischemia-reperfusion
      injury. This study investigated the effects of controlled ischemia-reperfusion
      injury through cardioplegic arrest on PKC activity in patients undergoing cardiac
      surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Myocardium and skeletal muscle were harvested from
      patients before and after cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest. Total
      PKC (n=12) was isolated and specifically, the PKC delta (n=8) and PKC epsilon
      (n=8) isoforms were immunoprecipitated for use in functional kinase assays.
      Cellular fractions (n=4) were separated by differential ultracentrifugation and
      analyzed by Western blotting for membrane translocation (an indirect indicator of
      increased activity). Immunofluorescent staining for PKC delta and PKC epsilon was
      performed on myocardial sections. An in vitro assay of hypoxic cardioplegic
      arrest followed by reoxygenation was performed using isolated cardiomyocytes, and
      apoptosis was assessed. RESULTS: Cardioplegic arrest was associated with a 24.4%
      +/- 4.6% increase (p < 0.05) in total PKC activity, a 26.7% +/- 4.9% increase (p
      < 0.05) in PKC delta activity, and a 35.3% +/- 14% increase (p < 0.05) in PKC
      epsilon activity in myocardium. Cardioplegic arrest induced migration of PKC
      delta and epsilon to the z-line of the cardiomyocyte. Inhibition of PKC delta in
      the in vitro studies demonstrated a considerable reduction in apoptotic cells.
      CONCLUSIONS: PKC delta and epsilon have previously been shown to mediate and
      protect, respectively, from ischemia-reperfusion injury after myocardial
      ischemia. Demonstration of increases in their activity after cardioplegic arrest
      provides support for their possible role in myocardial function after cardiac
      surgery. Isoform-specific modulators may be of potential therapeutic value in
      treating postoperative myocardial dysfunction.

PMID- 18155567
TI  - Transthoracic echocardiography for pulmonary embolism in the ICU: finding the
      "right" findings.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Use of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in documenting cardiac
      disorders is well accepted. This study reviews institutional experience with TTE
      in the clinical setting of pulmonary embolism (PE). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective
      review of surgical ICU patients who underwent TTE within 72 hours of diagnosis of
      PE, from January 2005 to March 2007. Collected data included symptoms, clinical
      suspicion of PE, preexisting conditions, operative procedures, TTE findings,
      presence of deep venous thrombosis, and treatments used for PE. Preexisting TTEs,
      when available, were compared with those obtained after acute PE. TTEs subsequent
      to the first post-PE study were analyzed for change in severity of findings.
      RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (12 men, 19 women, mean age 66 years, APACHE II
      18.1) were included. Twenty-two had high, and nine had moderate, clinical
      suspicion for PE. Radiographic diagnosis of PE was made by computed tomography
      (25 of 31) and by ventilation-perfusion scans (6 of 31). Twelve of 31 patients
      had extremity deep venous thrombosis by duplex ultrasonography. Tricuspid
      regurgitation was the most common TTE finding (28 of 31), followed by pulmonary
      hypertension (24), dilated right ventricle (23), right heart strain (19), and
      underfilled, hyperdynamic left ventricle (17). Seventeen patients had previous or
      "baseline" echocardiograms, and when compared with the post-PE TTE, all patients
      demonstrated worsening in at least one TTE finding. CONCLUSIONS: This study
      identified findings that can be used in prospective evaluation of TTE for
      suspected PE. The importance of baseline TTE has also been emphasized. Additional
      prospective evaluation of TTE in diagnosis of suspected PE in the ICU is
      warranted.

PMID- 18155568
TI  - Have surgical outcomes of pathologic T4 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma really
      improved? Analysis of 268 cases during 45 years of experience.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Because invasion to an adjacent organ (T4) indicates highly advanced
      disease, and most surgeons avoid esophagectomy, the prognostic impact of
      clinicopathologic factors for survival of these patients after esophagectomy has
      rarely been analyzed. STUDY DESIGN: From 1960 to 2005, a total of 268 patients
      with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma underwent esophagectomy for pathologic T4
      disease (pT4). The impact of clinicopathologic factors on survival was evaluated
      by univariate and multivariate analysis. Changes in surgical outcomes and
      longterm survival between the earlier period (1960 to 1989) and the later period
      (1990 to 2005) were analyzed. RESULTS: Overall survival rates of all patients
      were 25% at 1 year, 10% at 3 years, and 5% at 5 years. The survival curve of the
      later group was significantly better than that of the earlier group (p < 0.01).
      Multivariate analysis indicated that venous invasion (hazards ratio, 1.76; 95%
      CI, 1.33 to 2.33, p < 0.01) and presence of a postoperative complication (hazards
      ratio, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.96 to 3.51, p < 0.01) were independent risk factors for
      poor overall survival. Presence of residual cancer was also an independent risk
      factor for poor cause-specific survival (hazards ratio, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.23 to
      4.69, p=0.01). Venous invasion and intramural metastasis were risk factors for
      residual cancer. A total of 38 (14%) patients, 15 in the early period and 23 in
      the later period, underwent complete resection (R0). Although overall survival
      after R0 resection in the later period improved slightly, cancer-related survival
      rates were similar in both periods. CONCLUSIONS: Although overall survival of
      patients with pT4 improved after 1990, this improvement might be mainly dependent
      on curability of the resection.

PMID- 18155569
TI  - 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography influences management
      decisions in patients with biliary cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)
      has widespread clinical use, its role in cancers of the biliary tract is ill
      defined. The aim of this study was to determine if preoperative PET provided
      additional staging information in patients with biliary tract cancer, beyond that
      obtained through conventional anatomic imaging. The role of PET in detecting
      disease recurrence after resection was also examined. STUDY DESIGN: Between March
      2001 and October 2003, 126 patients with biopsy-proved or presumed biliary tract
      cancer (intrahepatic or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder
      carcinoma) underwent PET in addition to standard imaging evaluation. Histologic
      confirmation of the diagnosis was used as the reference standard with which PET
      results were compared. Patient followup information and serial imaging were
      reviewed for progression of lesions detected by PET. RESULTS: Of the 126 study
      patients, 93 (74%) underwent preoperative staging PET scans, the results of which
      changed the stage and treatment in 22 patients (24%): 15 of 62 (24%) with
      cholangiocarcinoma and 7 of 31 (23%) with gallbladder carcinoma. When used to
      assess for cancer recurrence (n=33), PET identified disease in 86% of patients
      but altered treatment in only 9%. So, of the entire study group, the findings of
      PET influenced management in 20% of patients (24% preoperative staging and 9%
      cancer recurrence). The sensitivity of PET for identifying the primary tumor was
      80% overall: 78% for cholangiocarcinoma, 86% for gallbladder carcinoma.
      CONCLUSIONS: Most biliary tract cancers are (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose avid tumors.
      In patients with potentially resectable tumors based on conventional imaging, PET
      identified occult metastatic disease and changed management in nearly one-fourth
      of all patients. PET also helped confirm recurrent cancer after resection.

PMID- 18155570
TI  - Mortality impact of less-than-standard therapy in older breast cancer patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the rates of all-cause and
      breast cancer-specific mortality after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) only, BCS
      plus radiation therapy (RT), mastectomy, and the receipt of adjuvant tamoxifen in
      a large population-based cohort of older women with early-stage disease. STUDY
      DESIGN: This cohort study was conducted within six US integrated health-care
      delivery systems. Automated administrative databases, medical records, and tumor
      registries were used to identify women aged 65 years or older who received BCS or
      mastectomy to treat stage I or II breast cancer diagnosed from January 1, 1990,
      through December 31, 1994. We compared cause-specific 10-year mortality rates
      across treatment categories by fitting Cox proportional hazards models adjusted
      for demographics and tumor characteristics. RESULTS: We identified 1,837 women
      having operations for stage I or II breast cancer. Compared with women receiving
      mastectomy, those receiving BCS without RT were twice as likely to die of breast
      cancer (adjusted hazards ratio [HR]=2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51 to
      3.18). Breast cancer mortality rates were similar between women receiving BCS
      plus RT and women receiving mastectomy (adjusted HR=1.08, 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.48).
      In the subset of 886 chemotherapy-naive women treated with tamoxifen, those
      treated with tamoxifen for less than 1 year had a substantially higher breast
      cancer mortality rate than those exposed 5 years or more (adjusted HR=6.26, 95%
      CI, 3.10 to 12.64). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that older women receiving
      BCS alone have higher rates of breast cancer death than those receiving BCS + RT
      or mastectomy and that the survival benefit from tamoxifen increases with
      increasing duration of treatment.

PMID- 18155571
TI  - Influence of frozen-section analysis of sentinel lymph node and lumpectomy margin
      status on reoperation rates in patients undergoing breast-conservation therapy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Frozen-section analysis (FS) of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) is
      performed to avoid reoperation for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), but it
      can miss micrometastatic disease, is labor intensive for the pathologist, and
      does not alter the number of breast-conservation therapy (BCT) patients needing
      reoperation for positive margins. The purpose of this study was to determine if
      eliminating FS would change reoperation rates in BCT patients. STUDY DESIGN:
      Between January 2004 and December 2005, 1,218 patients had simultaneous BCT and
      SLN biopsy for invasive breast cancer. FS of the SLN was used selectively at the
      surgeon's discretion. Clinical and pathologic data were collected. RESULTS:
      Overall, 542 of 1,218 (44%) patients had positive margins. FS of the SLN was
      performed in 931 of 1,218 (76%) patients. In those having FS, the SLN positivity
      rate was 33% (306 of 931). FS identified the positive SLN in 170 of 306 (56%)
      patients with positive nodes, allowing for immediate ALND. But 101 of these 170
      patients had positive lumpectomy margins; and FS of the SLN saved 69 of 931 (7%)
      patients a second operation. Of patients not having FS, 48 of 287 (17%) had a
      positive SLN on final pathology. Only 18 of 48 (those seen on routine hematoxylin
      and eosin) might have been seen on FS, potentially sparing reoperation. Half of
      patients not having FS required reexcision for positive margins. FS would have
      spared reoperation for only 8 of 287 (3%) patients in this group. Overall, of 354
      of 1,218 patients with SLN metastases, 170 had immediate ALND and 98 had delayed
      ALND. Of those having delayed ALND, 68 of 98 also had positive margins.
      CONCLUSIONS: Among patients having BCT with SLN biopsy, FS identified the
      positive SLN in 56% of patients with positive SLNs, allowing immediate ALND, and
      was false negative in 44%. Margin status remains a frequent indication for
      reoperation in BCT; routine FS analysis of the SLN ultimately saves only a
      minority of patients a second operation.

PMID- 18155572
TI  - Technique and outcomes of abdominal incisional hernia repair using a synthetic
      composite mesh: a report of 455 cases.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Abdominal wall hernias are a frequent and formidable challenge for
      general surgeons. Several different surgical techniques and types of mesh
      prosthetics are available for repair. We evaluated outcomes of an open ventral
      hernia repair using a synthetic composite mesh. STUDY DESIGN: We prospectively
      collected data on consecutive patients undergoing open ventral hernia repair
      using a synthetic composite mesh from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2005 at
      four large medical centers. Four surgeons used a standardized surgical procedure
      for all patients. RESULTS: The study consisted of 455 patients with an average
      age of 56 years; 54% were men. Sixty-nine percent of the patients underwent
      repairs for recurrent hernias. Mean defect size was 44 cm(2), and mean mesh size
      was 213 cm(2). Average length of hospital stay was 1.1 days. Thirty-one patients
      had 33 early complications (7%), and 3 patients (0.7%) required reoperation (one
      each for seroma, bowel injury, and wound breakdown). Early infection occurred in
      four patients (0.9%), and one patient required reoperation and graft removal.
      Late complications occurred in nine patients (2%), with two patients requiring
      reoperation. Late infections occurred in two patients (0.4%); both required
      antibiotic treatment. Recurrent hernias were observed in 6 patients (1%; 6 of 450
      because of 5 patients with unknown recurrence) at a mean followup of 29.3 months.
      CONCLUSIONS: In this large multicenter series, open ventral hernia repair using a
      composite mesh resulted in a short hospital stay, moderate complication rate, low
      infection rate, and low recurrence rate.

PMID- 18155573
TI  - Incremental costs of post-liver transplantation complications.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Complications after liver transplantation are common and expensive.
      The incremental costs of adult posttransplantation liver transplantation
      complications and who pays for these complications (center or payor) is unknown.
      STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed the medical and financial records (first 90
      postoperative days) of all adult liver transplant recipients at our center
      between July 1, 2002, and October 30, 2005 (N = 214). The association of donor,
      recipient, and financial data points (total costs, reimbursements, and profits)
      was assessed using standard univariable analyses. The incremental costs of
      complications were determined with multiple linear regression models to control
      for the costs inherent to donor and recipient characteristics. RESULTS:
      Univariate analyses demonstrated that both total hospital costs and
      reimbursements were substantially increased in patients with several different
      complications. Multiple linear regression analysis, controlling for recipient
      (age, gender, race, and laboratory Model for End-Stage Liver Disease [MELD]) and
      donor factors (donor risk index), noted that increased hospital costs and
      hospital reimbursements were independently associated with laboratory MELD
      (incremental costs of $3,368 and $2,787, respectively, per MELD point) and
      pneumonia ($83,718 and $68,214, respectively). A negative profit margin for the
      medical center was independently associated with peritonitis ($21,760).
      Commercial insurance was associated with no changes in total costs when compared
      with public insurer, but it was associated with decreased reimbursement and
      profit. CONCLUSIONS: The incremental costs of complications in liver
      transplantation are high for both the medical center and payor, but medical
      center profits are not affected substantially. The payor bears the financial
      burden for post-liver transplantation complications.

PMID- 18155575
TI  - Teamwork and communication in surgical teams: implications for patient safety.
AB  - BACKGROUND: As part of a national program in the Department of Veterans Affairs
      to improve communication within the health-care environment, the Medical Team
      Training questionnaire was developed to assess organizational culture,
      communication, teamwork, and awareness of human factors engineering principles.
      STUDY DESIGN: The Medical Team Training questionnaire was pilot tested with 300
      health-care clinicians. The final version of the Medical Team Training
      questionnaire was administered to an interdisciplinary group of 384 surgical
      staff members in 6 facilities as part of the Medical Team Training pilot project
      in the Department of Veterans Affairs. RESULTS: The results revealed a pattern of
      discrepancies among physicians and nurses in which surgeons perceive a stronger
      organizational culture of safety, better communication, and better teamwork than
      either nurses or anesthesiologists do. CONCLUSIONS: The Medical Team Training
      questionnaire was helpful in identifying hidden problems with communication
      before formal team training learning sessions, and it will be useful in focusing
      efforts to improve communication and teamwork in the operating room.

PMID- 18155576
TI  - An enzyme-mediated assay to quantify inoculation volume delivered by suture
      needlestick injury: two gloves are better than one.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Acquiring a blood-borne disease is a risk of performing operations.
      Most data about seroconversion are based on hollow-bore needlesticks. Some
      studies have examined the inoculation volumes of pure blood delivered by suture
      needles. There is a lack of data about the effect of double-gloving on
      contaminant transmission in less viscous fluids that are not prone to
      coagulation. STUDY DESIGN: We used enzymatic colorimetry to quantify the volume
      of inoculation delivered by a suture needle that was coated with an aqueous
      contaminant. Substrate color change was measured using a microplate reader. Both
      cutting and tapered suture needles were tested against five different glove types
      and differing numbers of glove layers (from zero to three). RESULTS: One glove
      layer removed 97% of contaminant from tapered needles and 65% from cutting
      needles, compared with the no-glove control data. Additional glove layers did not
      significantly improve contaminant removal from tapered needles (p > 0.05). For
      the cutting needle, 2 glove layers removed 91% of contaminant, which was
      significantly better than a single glove (p = 0.002). Three glove layers did not
      afford statistically significant additional protection (p = 0.122). There were no
      statistically significant differences between glove types (p = 0.41).
      CONCLUSIONS: With an aqueous needle contaminant, a single glove layer removes
      contaminant from tapered needles as effectively as multiple glove layers. For
      cutting needles, double-glove layering offers superior protection. There is no
      advantage to triple-glove layering. A surgeon should double-glove for maximum
      safety. Additionally, a surgeon should take advantage of other risk-reduction
      strategies, such as sharps safety, risk management, and use of sharpless
      instrumentation when possible.

PMID- 18155574
TI  - Addition of bevacizumab to irinotecan- and oxaliplatin-based preoperative
      chemotherapy regimens does not increase morbidity after resection of colorectal
      liver metastases.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although commonly used in combination with irinotecan or oxaliplatin
      (iri/oxal) for treatment of colorectal liver metastases before extirpation, the
      effects of preoperative bevacizumab on surgical outcomes are not established. The
      objective of this retrospective study was to determine if addition of bevacizumab
      to iri/oxal preoperative chemotherapy increases morbidity after hepatic
      resection. STUDY DESIGN: We compared demographics, clinicopathologic data,
      treatments, and postoperative outcomes between patients given preoperative
      iri/oxal with and without bevacizumab and patients who underwent hepatic
      resection within and after 8 weeks from the last dose of bevacizumab. RESULTS:
      From 1996 to 2006, 96 patients were treated with preoperative iri/oxal; 39
      (40.6%) received concurrent bevacizumab. Preoperative bevacizumab treatment was
      associated with less blood loss (median 425 mL versus 600 mL, p=0.01) and lower
      RBC transfusion rates (43.9% versus 23.1%, p=0.06) after partial hepatectomy on
      univariable analysis. Only age>or=70 years (hazard ratio=8.52, 95% CI [2.00 to
      36.45]) and concurrent extrahepatic procedures (hazard ratio=4.12, 95% CI [1.49
      to 11.39]) independently predicted RBC transfusion and overall complications,
      respectively. There were no differences in overall (43.6% versus 38.6%), severe
      (28.2% versus 24.6%), hepatic (17.9% versus 26.3%), wound (10.3% versus 7%), or
      thromboembolic or bleeding (2.6% versus 5.3%) complications (all p > 0.05). For
      patients treated with iri/oxal and bevacizumab, overall complications were more
      common when resection was performed within 8 weeks after the last bevacizumab
      dose (62.5% versus 30.4%), but this difference was not statistically significant
      (p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: If discontinued at least 8 weeks before hepatic resection,
      addition of bevacizumab to preoperative iri/oxal does not increase morbidity
      after hepatic resection.

PMID- 18155577
TI  - Elucidating mechanisms of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during thyroidectomy
      and parathyroidectomy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Intraoperative nerve monitoring during thyroidectomy,
      parathyroidectomy, or related central neck procedures can elucidate actual or
      potential mechanisms of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, especially
      visually intact nerves, which were previously unknown to the endocrine surgeon.
      STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective evaluation study, 373 patients underwent 380
      consecutive thyroidectomy- or parathyroidectomy-related operations using
      intraoperative nerve monitoring, with 666 RLNs at risk. The success of visual and
      functional identification of the RLN, persistent loss of RLN function to nerve
      stimulation, the mechanism and location of RLN injury, and anatomy of the RLN or
      technical difficulties that appeared potentially risky for RLN injury were
      recorded. RESULTS: RLN was identified visually or functionally in 98.2% of nerves
      at risk. Initial intraoperative injury to the RLN occurred in 25 nerves at risk
      (3.75%). It was significantly more likely to be a visually intact RLN (n = 22;
      3.3%) than a transected RLN (n = 3; 0.45%), p < 0.001. Paralysis persisted in 2
      RLNs (0.3%). Visual misidentification accounted for only 1 RLN injury; the most
      common cause of injury resulted from traction to the anterior motor branch of a
      bifurcated RLN near the ligament of Berry (n = 7; 28%), then paratracheal lymph
      node dissection (n = 6; 24%), incorporating ligature (n = 4; 16%), and adherent
      cancer (n = 4; 16%). Fifty nerves at risk (7.5%) were identified as particularly
      at risk for injury, most notably those with anatomic variants (n = 26; 52%) and
      large or vascular thyroid lobes (n = 19; 38%). CONCLUSIONS: RLN injury during
      thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy occurs intraoperatively significantly more
      often to a visually intact RLN than to a transected nerve. The anterior motor
      branch of an RLN bifurcating near the ligament of Berry is particularly at risk
      of traction injury.

PMID- 18155578
TI  - Secondary overtriage: a consequence of an immature trauma system.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Trauma systems are designed to bring the injured patient to
      definitive care in the shortest practical time. This depends on prehospital
      destination criteria (primary triage) and interfacility transfer guidelines
      (secondary triage). Although primary undertriage is associated with increased
      costs and worse outcomes for selected injuries, secondary overtriage can
      overwhelm system resources and delay definitive care. The purpose of this study
      was to determine the incidence of secondary overtriage in a region without a
      formal trauma system. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of trauma registry
      data at an American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma-verified Level I
      trauma center and regional referral center. Secondary overtriage was defined as
      patients transferred from another hospital emergency department to our trauma
      receiving unit who had an injury severity score < 10, did not require an
      operation, and who were discharged to home within 48 hours of admission. RESULTS:
      Data on 9,064 patients were reviewed; 6,875 (76%) arrived directly from the scene
      and 2,189 (24%) were transferred. Although the transferred group was more
      severely injured, the majority (64%) had minor injuries and 824 (39%) met
      secondary overtriage criteria. The degree of secondary overtriage and injury
      pattern varied with respect to referring facility. Peak admission day and times
      for overtriage patients coincided with scene admissions trauma receiving unit
      closure events. Patient payor mix and facility cost and reimbursement profiles
      did not differ between scene and transfer overtriage patients. CONCLUSIONS: A
      substantial proportion of transferred trauma patients require only brief
      diagnostic or observational care. Excessive overtriage calls for development of a
      regional inclusive trauma system with established primary and secondary triage
      guidelines to improve access to care and trauma system efficiency.

PMID- 18155579
TI  - Longterm outcomes of early-stage gastric carcinoma patients treated with
      laparoscopy-assisted surgery.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Laparoscopy-assisted approaches have become popular for dissecting
      early-stage gastric cancer in Japan, but the outcomes after 5 years of followup
      have not been reported. STUDY DESIGN: Between January 1998 and March 2002, 94
      patients with histologically proved early-stage gastric carcinoma participated in
      clinical studies and underwent gastrectomy with regional lymphadenectomy to
      evaluate feasibility and safety of the laparoscopy-assisted approach. Outcomes
      and pattern of disease failure during followup up to 5 years were evaluated in
      all patients. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify relevant
      prognostic factors. RESULTS: Conversion to open procedures occurred in three
      patients. Median blood loss was 90 mL (interquartile range, 160 mL), and duration
      of operation was 230 minutes (interquartile range, 60 minutes). Operative
      morbidity and mortality were 22.3% and 0%, respectively. Nine patients died
      during the course of followup, for an overall 5-year survival rate of 90%. Two
      patients died of recurrent disease, and 2 other patients have been diagnosed with
      recurrences, for a 5-year recurrence-free survival of 95.6%. Three patients with
      recurrent cancer, including 1 with port-site recurrence, had stage IA disease
      (pT1pN0) at operation. Diabetes mellitus as a comorbidity was prominent as a
      prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes of patients with a preoperative
      diagnosis of early-stage cancer were excellent when treated with a laparoscopy
      assisted approach, although rare patterns of disease failure were observed.

PMID- 18155580
TI  - Digital fecal occult blood testing in the ambulatory urology clinic.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the use and yield of fecal occult
      blood testing (FOBT) in an ambulatory urology clinic. STUDY DESIGN: Patients seen
      in the ambulatory urology clinic were prospectively evaluated with FOBT. The test
      was performed only on patients when a rectal examination was indicated as part of
      their urologic evaluation. Patients who were found to have a positive FOBT were
      then referred for additional gastrointestinal evaluation. RESULTS: One hundred
      eight patients were evaluated, including 57 men and 51 women. Eight patients
      (7%), including six men and two women, were found to be positive for fecal occult
      blood. Two patients were found to have upper gastrointestinal sources of bleeding
      (one gastritis with Barrett's esophagitis and one with a duodenal ulcer). Two
      patients had benign lower gastrointestinal sources of bleeding, including one
      with hyperplastic polyps and one with a tubular adenoma. One patient was
      diagnosed with a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon.
      One had negative followup fecal occult blood test, and two were lost to followup.
      CONCLUSIONS: Addition of FOBT to routine digital rectal examination performed in
      the ambulatory urology clinic is an inexpensive and simple test that can detect
      otherwise asymptomatic underlying gastrointestinal pathology. Although the six
      sample test is a preferred test for colorectal cancer screening, a digital FOBT
      during routine urologic evaluation can detect a clinically significant upper or
      lower gastrointestinal lesion, at the same time increase compliance with FOBT.
      Larger, prospective studies are needed to confirm the benefit of digital FOBT
      during a routine urologic visit.

PMID- 18155581
TI  - Partial matrix excision or orthonyxia for ingrowing toenails.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We wanted to evaluate whether partial matrix excision and orthonyxia
      are equally effective in the treatment of ingrown toenails of the hallux. STUDY
      DESIGN: We conducted a prospective randomized clinical trial with 12-month
      observer-blinded followup, in the surgical outpatient department of a teaching
      hospital. We randomized 105 consecutive patients with a total of 109 ingrown
      toenails to either partial matrix excision (n=58) or an orthonyxia procedure
      (n=51). The main outcomes measurements were rate of recurrence after 12 months,
      postoperative morbidity, and time to complete recovery. RESULTS: The 12-month
      followup was completed in 55 of 58 patients undergoing partial matrix excision
      and 47 of 51 patients having orthonyxia. There were four ingrown toenails, four
      recurrences in the partial matrix excision group, and eight in the orthonyxia
      group (NS, p=0.14). Postoperative morbidity parameters (redness, pus,
      postoperative bleeding); time to complete recovery, wearing shoes (p < 0.01), and
      performing activities of daily living and hobbies; postoperative symptoms; and
      patient satisfaction all favored orthonyxia. CONCLUSIONS: Partial matrix excision
      and orthonyxia are equally effective treatments for ingrown toenails. But the
      orthonyxia procedure showed better results, with less postoperative morbidity,
      shorter time to complete recovery, fewer postoperative symptoms, and greater
      patient satisfaction.

PMID- 18155582
TI  - Management and therapy for sports hernia.

PMID- 18155583
TI  - Medicare physician payment reform: changing incentives to maintain access to
      quality surgical services.

PMID- 18155584
TI  - The journey of a foreign-trained physician to a United States residency:
      controversies surrounding the impact of this migration to the United States.

PMID- 18155585
TI  - Elizabeth Blackwell and the 150th anniversary of the New York Infirmary for
      Indigent Women and Children.

PMID- 18155586
TI  - Traumatic bilateral thoracic facet dislocation without fracture.

PMID- 18155587
TI  - Ulnar artery thrombosis: hypothenar hammer syndrome.

PMID- 18155588
TI  - A new technique for successful management of a complete suprahepatic caval
      transection.

PMID- 18155589
TI  - Grey's Ghimenton gastropexy: an anatomic make-up for management of gastric
      volvulus.

PMID- 18155591
TI  - Bovine thrombin and the clinical consequence of antibody development.

PMID- 18155593
TI  - Methodological variance associated with normalization of occupational upper
      trapezius EMG using sub-maximal reference contractions.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To quantify the variance introduced to trapezius electromyography
      (EMG) through normalization by sub-maximal reference voluntary exertions (RVE),
      and to investigate the effect of increased normalization efforts as compared to
      other changes in data collection strategy on the precision of occupational EMG
      estimates. METHODS: Women performed four RVE contractions followed by 30 min of
      light, cyclic assembly work on each of two days. Work cycle EMG was normalized to
      each of the RVE trials and seven exposure parameters calculated. The proportions
      of exposure variance attributable to subject, day within subject, and cycle and
      normalization trial within day were determined. Using this data, the effect on
      the precision of the exposure mean of altering the number of subjects, days,
      cycles and RVEs during data collection was simulated. RESULTS: For all exposure
      parameters a unique component of variance due to normalization was present, yet
      small: less than 4.4% of the total variance. The resource allocation simulations
      indicated that marginal improvements in the precision of a group exposure mean
      would occur above three RVE repeats for EMG collected on one day, or beyond two
      RVEs for EMG collected on two or more days.

PMID- 18155594
TI  - The rationale and method for autoclaving anesthetic cartridges for surgical
      trays.
AB  - This review assesses the effectiveness of alcohol wiping of anesthetic cartridges
      prior to their use on surgical trays. Based on the referenced studies of alcohol
      disinfectants, it is clear that alcohol does not qualify for surgical use. A
      dedicated method of autoclaving anesthetic cartridges, which are vertically held
      with their plungers upward, followed by a no-pressure-released cooling-off
      period, is discussed and recommended. The processed cartridges are dry, sterile,
      ready for use, and fully functional.

PMID- 18155595
TI  - Radiographic and histomorphometric analysis of bone healing using autogenous
      graft associated with platelet-rich plasma obtained by 2 different methods.
AB  - The aim of this study was to conduct radiographic and histomorphometric analysis
      of bone healing in the calvaria of rabbits, using an autogenous graft associated
      with PRP obtained by 2 different methods. Thirty rabbits were divided into
      control and experimental groups. Lesions were produced in the calvaria and filled
      with autogenous graft (control) or autogenous graft and PRP obtained by the
      Anitua or modified Sonnleitner methods. The animals were humanely killed 15 days
      after surgery and the calvarias were radiographed. The radiographs were digitized
      to assess the radiographic density. By histologic images of the lesion, the bone
      matrix was quantified. There were no significant differences in the radiographic
      density and the bone matrix area between the groups. The association of PRP with
      autogenous bone did not improve the healing process, irrespective of the method
      used early during healing.

PMID- 18155596
TI  - Articular disc position in association with mandibular setback surgery.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of
      orthognathic surgery on articular disc position and temporomandibular disorder
      symptoms of skeletal class III patients by means of clinical and radiographic
      evaluation of the temporomandibular joint. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-six patients with
      skeletal class III malocclusion, who were treated at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital
      between January 2005 and January 2006, were evaluated by clinical examination and
      pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: The change of
      articular disc position after mandibular setback surgery by means of sagittal
      split ramus osteotomy was not statistically significant, but it tended to be
      positioned posteriorly. CONCLUSION: It can be suggested that orthognathic surgery
      does not significantly change the position of the articular disc.

PMID- 18155597
TI  - Burning mouth syndrome and burning mouth in hypothyroidism: proposal for a
      diagnostic and therapeutic protocol.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a common disorder frequently
      affecting women past the 5th decade of age. It is characterized by oral burning,
      mainly involving the tongue, lip, and anterior palate, but without oral lesions
      or alteration showing in blood tests and/or instrumental findings. OBJECTIVE: We
      proposed to exclude alterations due to thyroid function and echographic
      abnormality in formulating BMS diagnosis. The aim of this study was to propose a
      blood and instrumental protocol including thyroid function and echography to
      obtain a correct BMS diagnosis. In the absence of such an assessment, a number of
      patients with oral burning and hypothyroidism may erroneously be considered BMS
      patients. STUDY DESIGN: For this study, a group of 123 patients initially
      diagnosed with BMS was selected, following use of the current preliminary
      diagnostic protocol for BMS (study group). A further 123 patients with dental
      problems and without oral burning were selected as a control group. All patients
      were submitted to further protocol based on a study of their thyroid function and
      echography. RESULTS: Thirteen control patients showed some thyroid alteration
      compared with 85 patients of the study group. In relation to these further
      examinations, a therapeutic protocol based on use of thyroxine, lipoic acid, or
      clonazepam was applied for patients belonging to the study group. Fifty-eight
      patients (47%) showed hypothyroidism and were treated with thyroxine, and 37
      (64%) of these showed a positive response (VAS 1 and 0). Twenty-seven patients
      (22%) evinced euthyroidism with an inhomogeneous parenchyma thyroid echographic
      pattern. These were treated with lipoic acid, and 23 (85%) of them responded
      positively (VAS 1 and 0). Thirty-eight patients (31%) showed euthyroidism and no
      echographic alteration. Only these were considered to be true BMS patients and
      were treated with lipoic acid. Only 10 (26%) of these patients responded
      positively (VAS 1 and 0). CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that subjects with
      thyroid alterations are often considered to be BMS patients and that
      hypothyroidism could be responsible for oral burning and/or dysgeusia in some
      supertaster subjects. For these reasons, we propose that the study of thyroid
      function be inserted in the diagnostic process for BMS patients.

PMID- 18155598
TI  - Papillary cystadenoma of a minor salivary gland: report of a case involving
      cytological analysis and review of the literature.
AB  - A 91-year-old man presented with an asymptomatic swelling in the roof of his
      mouth. Clinically the lesion was nontender and appeared cystic. A CT scan showed
      a soft tissue swelling of his palate with no bony involvement. An orthopantogram
      and blood tests were noncontributory. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy was
      suggestive of a minor salivary gland neoplasm. An excision biopsy showed
      papillary cystadenoma of the minor salivary gland, with numbers of psammoma
      bodies. A stepwise approach is demonstrated in the diagnosis of this rare minor
      salivary gland neoplasm. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the 12th case of
      this tumor seen in the palate. Furthermore, no previous case has included a fine
      needle aspiration biopsy in the work-up, the cytological features of which will
      be described.

PMID- 18155599
TI  - Granulocytic sarcoma of the lips: report of an unusual case.
AB  - Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a rare localized, extramedullary tumor composed of
      immature cells of granulocyte series. It is capable of marked local tissue
      destruction. This condition can be a precursor of acute myeloid leukaemia by
      months or years making its diagnosis critical. Its occurrence has been described
      in multiple sites including skin, lymph nodes, bone, and visceral organs. It is
      extremely rare in the oral cavity and only 30 cases have been reported in the
      literature to date and often as a lump in the gingiva, palate, and extraction
      sockets. We describe the first reported case of GS presenting as a solitary lump
      in the lip and review the pertinent literature.

PMID- 18155600
TI  - Oral undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma: report of a case.
AB  - The current World Health Organization classification considers the existence of
      an undifferentiated unclassifiable category of pleomorphic sarcomas, defined as a
      group of pleomorphic high-grade sarcomas. Undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic
      sarcoma represents about 5% of all soft tissue sarcomas in adults and occurs more
      commonly in the extremities. In the oral cavity, undifferentiated pleomorphic
      sarcoma is extremely rare. We report a case of undifferentiated high-grade
      pleomorphic sarcoma located in the floor of the mouth in a man 56 years old.
      Microscopically, spindle-shaped cells with accented pleomorphism arranged in a
      storiform pattern, several bizarre giant cells, and frequent atypical mitoses
      were observed. The tumor cells were positive only for vimentin, with focal
      positivity for CD68. The patient was treated by surgery and postoperative
      radiation therapy, and after 25 months, no recurrence was observed.

PMID- 18155601
TI  - Talon cusps, macrodontia, and aberrant tooth morphology in Berardinelli-Seip
      syndrome.
AB  - Berardinelli-Seip syndrome is a congenital form of generalized lipodystrophy,
      transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. It is well documented in medicine
      and skin. It is a rare disorder caused by mutations of AGPAT2 gene or BSCL2 gene.
      We present an interesting case of Seip-Berardinelli syndrome in female siblings
      aged 12 years and 14 years who presented with endocrine disturbances along with
      dental manifestations including talon cusps, macrodontia, aberrant tooth
      morphology, and severe generalized crowding. The presence of such dental
      abnormalities may represent an interesting association with endocrine
      disturbances. Such cases require thorough investigations and appropriate
      treatment.

PMID- 18155602
TI  - Bacterial leakage in root canals obturated by different techniques. Part 1:
      microbiologic evaluation.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study compared the coronal bacterial leakage of root canals
      obturated by different techniques and with different lengths of obturation. STUDY
      DESIGN: The canals of palatal roots of 160 maxillary molars were instrumented and
      divided into different groups according to the obturation technique used (lateral
      condensation, Microseal system, Touch 'n Heat + Ultrafil system, or Tagger's
      hybrid technique) and the length of obturation (5 mm or 10 mm). The roots were
      impermeabilized, sterilized in ethylene oxide, and mounted on a device for
      evaluation of the bacterial leakage. RESULTS: Tagger's hybrid technique produced
      a statistically greater number of specimens with coronal leakage than the other
      techniques. There was no statistically significant difference between the lateral
      condensation, Touch 'n Heat + Ultrafil, and Microseal groups. Root canals with 10
      mm of obturation produced a statistically significantly smaller number of
      specimens with leakage than root canals with 5 mm of obturation. CONCLUSION:
      Tagger's hybrid technique produced a greater number of specimens with coronal
      leakage than the other techniques, and a greater number of root canals with 5 mm
      of obturation leaked than root canals with 10 mm of obturation.

PMID- 18155603
TI  - Evaluation of factors that can modify platelet-rich plasma properties.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to discuss a protocol for obtaining
      platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and evaluate which factors, derived from its
      preparation method and from whole blood, modify PRP cytometry and coagulation
      time. STUDY DESIGN: Whole blood, harvested from 50 rabbits, was centrifuged at
      300g for 10 minutes. Supernatant was recentrifuged at 5000g for 5 minutes. PRP
      was clotted with calcium chloride. Whole blood and PRP cytometry were obtained
      through automatic measurement. The amount of erythrocyte- and platelet-poor
      plasma drawn from whole blood was measured. Hematocrit, platelet and leukocyte
      count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean platelet volume (MPV), mean,
      standard deviation, and median were also calculated at whole blood and PRP. PRP
      coagulation time was also analyzed. Mean values between groups were analyzed
      using Student t test. Correlations were evaluated using Pearson's correlation
      coefficient. The significance level was set at P < .05. A linear regression was
      performed to investigate the relationship among the correlated variables.
      RESULTS: From whole blood, 2.68 mL of erythrocytes and 5.72 mL of platelet-poor
      plasma (PPP) were removed. PRP platelet count was 2,324,080 cells/microL. Whole
      blood hematocrit influenced the amount of cells and PPP removed, as well as PRP
      platelet count. PRP platelet count was dependent on whole blood hematocrit and
      platelet count, and does not interfere in PRP coagulation time. A linear
      interaction was confirmed between the variables that presented significant
      Pearson correlation. CONCLUSIONS: The protocol evaluated produces a good PRP.
      Whole-blood parameters can predict PRP features. Whole-blood hematocrit is an
      important variable for PRP preparation and PRP cytometry characterization. PRP
      platelet count is dependent upon whole-blood platelet count.

PMID- 18155604
TI  - Evaluation of the radiopacity and cytotoxicity of Portland cements containing
      bismuth oxide.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at evaluating the radiopacity and cytotoxicity of
      Portland cements containing bismuth oxide (PcBo) in varying ratios. STUDY DESIGN:
      Specimens measuring 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness were radiographed
      with an aluminum step wedge using an occlusal film. The radiographs were
      digitized, and the radiopacity of each material was compared to the different
      thicknesses of the aluminum step wedge. Using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)
      2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the cytotoxicity of each material
      was determined in immortalized human periodontal ligament (IPDL) cells. RESULTS:
      The results demonstrated that Portland cement with 20% bismuth oxide presented
      greater radiopacity (P < .05) compared to the mixtures with less bismuth oxide.
      The cell viabilities of all PcBo groups were statistically similar (P > .05)
      throughout the experimental period. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that
      Portland cement with 20% bismuth oxide has a greater potential for being used as
      a root-end filling material compared to Portland cement with less bismuth oxide.

PMID- 18155605
TI  - Periapical health related to the type of coronal restorations and quality of root
      canal fillings in a Turkish subpopulation.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the
      quality of root canal fillings and type of permanent coronal restorations and
      their association with the periapical status in a Turkish subpopulation. STUDY
      DESIGN: There were 1268 endodontically treated teeth from 280 panoramic
      radiographs that were evaluated. Two observers assessed the radiographs using an
      x-ray viewer with 2 times magnification. Teeth were classified according to the
      type of restorations. The quality of root canal fillings were evaluated according
      to the criteria determined by Tronstad et al. Apical status was assessed by the
      Periapical Index scores (PAI) proposed by Orstavik et al. Chi-square test was
      used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were 59.5% of endodontically
      treated teeth that showed healthy periapex. Teeth with good endodontic treatment
      showed statistically significant high healthy periapex rates regardless of the
      type of the restoration. In addition, the evaluation of the entire material also
      showed that the roots with posts had significantly more periapical pathosis than
      roots without posts (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that, although
      the quality of the root canal filling plays a key role in the outcome of
      endodontic therapy, the type of restoration can also be a contributing factor in
      the treatment outcome.

PMID- 18155606
TI  - Innovation in dental education: empty buzzword or real movement?

PMID- 18155607
TI  - On the issue of uncultivated bacteria and dead cell detection by molecular
      methods: Reply to Dr. Nair's commentary.

PMID- 18155609
TI  - Validation of instruments to measure the symptoms and signs of oral lichen
      planus.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to validate the visual analog scale (VAS),
      numeric rating scale (NRS), and change in symptoms scale (CSS) in measuring
      symptoms of oral lichen planus, and the modified oral mucositis index (MOMI) in
      measuring the signs of oral lichen planus. STUDY DESIGN: Criterion validity,
      construct validity, and internal consistency reliability were evaluated using
      data from a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of
      curcuminoids in oral lichen planus. RESULTS: Moderate to high correlations were
      found between VAS, NRS, and CSS. Correlations of symptom scores with clinical
      signs ranged from minimal to high. Correlation of NRS with clinical signs was
      stronger than that of VAS with clinical signs. Significant changes from baseline
      at each follow-up in NRS, VAS, and MOMI scores were seen. The Cronbach alpha for
      erythema and ulceration scores from the MOMI were 0.66. CONCLUSIONS: This study
      gives some evidence of the validity of NRS, VAS, CSS, and MOMI for use in oral
      lichen planus. The NRS has better construct validity than VAS, based on higher
      correlations with clinical signs. Erythema plus ulceration is a better measure
      than ulceration alone.

PMID- 18155610
TI  - Oral posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder: an uncommon site for an
      uncommon disorder.
AB  - In 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) published its new classification of
      tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, including an entity named
      posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Because oral PTLD is of
      clinical relevance to oral health providers, the importance of distinguishing
      between PTLD and nontransplantation related lymphoma is outlined, and the
      clinical implications of oral PTLD are discussed.

PMID- 18155611
TI  - The topographical distribution of tissue injury in benign MS: a 3T
      multiparametric MRI study.
AB  - We compared the global and regional distribution of white matter (WM) and gray
      matter (GM) damage and T2-visible lesion between patients with benign (B) and
      relapsing remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS). BMS and RRMS patients did not
      differ in terms of global volumes and diffusion tensor (DT) MRI metrics of the WM
      and GM. Compared to controls, BMS and RRMS patients had bilateral thalamic loss.
      Compared to controls, BMS and RRMS patients had lower WM fractional anisotropy
      (FA) in the corpus callosum (CC) and in several regions of temporal and occipital
      lobes. BMS also had a decreased WM FA in the parietal lobes. RRMS patients had
      also lower WM FA in several regions of the frontal lobes. Compared to BMS, RRMS
      patients had decreased WM FA in the frontal lobes, while the opposite comparison
      showed lower WM FA in the CC, the temporal lobes and the cuneus in BMS.
      Contrasted to controls, both MS groups showed several regions of increased MD in
      WM and GM, but no difference was found between MS sub-groups. T2-visible lesions
      were mainly located in the posterior regions of the brain in BMS patients, while
      they involved also regions in the frontal lobes, in RRMS patients. BMS and RRMS
      patients differ in terms of the topographical distribution of WM damage rather
      than in the overall extent of brain structural changes. The less prominent
      involvement of the frontal lobe WM and of the NAWM in general in BMS might be
      associated to their favorable clinical status.

PMID- 18155612
TI  - Optimising experimental design for MEG beamformer imaging.
AB  - In recent years, the use of beamformers for source localisation has significantly
      improved the spatial accuracy of magnetoencephalography. In this paper, we
      examine techniques by which to optimise experimental design, and ensure that the
      application of beamformers yields accurate results. We show that variation in the
      experimental duration, or variation in the bandwidth of a signal of interest, can
      significantly affect the accuracy of a beamformer reconstruction of source power.
      Specifically, power will usually be underestimated if covariance windows are made
      too short, or bandwidths too narrow. The accuracy of spatial localisation may
      also be reduced. We conclude that for optimum accuracy, experimenters should aim
      to collect as much data as possible, and use a bandwidth spanning the entire
      frequency distribution of the signal of interest. This minimises distortion to
      reconstructed source images, time courses and power estimation. In the case where
      experimental duration is short, and small covariance windows are therefore used,
      we show that accurate power estimation can be achieved by matrix regularisation.
      However, large amounts of regularisation cause a loss in the spatial resolution
      of the MEG beamformer, hence regularisation should be used carefully,
      particularly if multiple sources in close proximity are expected.

PMID- 18155614
TI  - Light fluence rate and chloroplasts are sources of signals controlling mesophyll
      cell morphogenesis and division.
AB  - As part of the acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus to high fluence rates
      of light, mesophyll (photosynthetic) leaf cells change in morphology (they
      elongate anticlinally or perpendicular to the leaf surface) and undergo extra
      cell divisions. This results in increased leaf thickness and internal, protective
      shading among chloroplasts. Here we have examined whether the chloroplasts
      themselves are sources of intracellular signals that trigger these changes, by
      monitoring the Arabidopsis thaliana chm1 variegated mutant, in which albino
      (chloroplast-defective) and green (with functional chloroplasts) sectors coexist
      in one leaf. Our results have uncovered two separable responses. The increase in
      mesophyll cell elongation was substantially reduced but still observable in
      albino sectors, indicating that chloroplasts contribute to the cell morphogenesis
      response, but a chloroplast-independent light sensory mechanism must exist. In
      contrast the change in number of mesophyll cell layers was completely abolished
      when plastids were dysfunctional, indicating that plastids are sole sources of
      signals for the cell division response. These data highlight the importance of
      plastid-derived signals in the cellular responses associated with photosynthetic
      acclimation.

PMID- 18155613
TI  - The exploration of rotenone as a toxin for inducing Parkinson's disease in rats,
      for application in BBB transport and PK-PD experiments.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: In search for a suitable rat model to study potentially affected
      blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport mechanisms in the course of Parkinsons
      disease (PD) progression, experiments were performed to characterise Parkinsons
      disease markers following subcutaneous (SC) and intracerebral (IC) infusion of
      the toxin rotenone in the rat. METHODS: Studies were performed using Male Lewis
      rats. SC infusion of rotenone (3 mg/kg/day) was performed via an osmotic
      minipump. IC infusion of rotenone occurred directly into the right medial
      forebrain bundle at three different dosages. At different times following
      rotenone infusion, behaviour, histopathology (tyrosine hydroxylase and alpha
      synuclein immunocytochemistry), peripheral organ pathology (adrenals, heart,
      kidney, liver, lung, spleen and stomach) were assessed. In part of the SC and IC
      rats, BBB transport profiles of the permeability marker sodium fluorescein were
      determined using microdialysis. RESULTS: SC rotenone failed to produce
      dopaminergic lesions and led to extensive peripheral organ toxicity. BBB
      permeability for fluorescein following SC rotenone was changed, however due
      peripheral toxicity. In contrast, IC rotenone produced a progressive lesion of
      the nigrostrial dopaminergic pathway over 28 days with no associated peripheral
      toxicity. IC rotenone also exhibited a large increase in amphetamine induced
      rotational behaviour. In addition, a few IC rats showed alpha-synuclein
      immunoreactivity and aggregation. Following IC rotenone, no changes in BBB
      permeability were detected after 14 days. DISCUSSION: SC rotenone only produced
      peripheral toxicity. IC rotenone appeared to create a progressive lesion of the
      rat nigrostrial pathway, and may therefore be a more appropriate model of
      Parkinson's disease progression, compared with the most commonly used 6-OH-DA rat
      model.

PMID- 18155615
TI  - Microtubules spatial alterations in root cells of Brassica rapa under
      clinorotation.
AB  - Organization of tubulin cytoskeleton in epidermis and cortex cells in different
      root growth zones in Brassica rapa L. 6-day-old seedlings under clinorotation has
      been investigated. It was shown that changes in cortical microtubules orientation
      occur only in the distal elongation zone. In control, cortical microtubule arrays
      oriented transversely to the root long axis. Whereas under clinorotation an
      appearance of shorter randomly organized cortical microtubules was observed.
      Simultaneously, a significant decrease in a cell length in the central elongation
      zone under clinorotation was revealed. It is suggested that the decline of
      anisotropic growth, typical for central elongation zone cells, is connected with
      cortical microtubules disorientation under clinorotation.

PMID- 18155617
TI  - Genetic transformation of Aloe barbadensis Miller by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
AB  - Despite the importance of aloe in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries,
      improvement of aloe (Aloe barbadensis Miller) by genetic engineering was seldom
      reported previously. In this study, regeneration and transformation conditions,
      including explant selection and surface sterilization, use of different
      Agrobacterium strains, and co-culture processing, are optimized. The use of 20.0%
      sodium hypochloride (25 min) for sterilization was less detrimental to the health
      of explant than 0.1% mercuric chloride (10 min). Regeneration frequency from
      stems was much higher than that from leaves or sheaths. Explants were infected by
      Agrobacterium (30 min) in liquid co-cultural medium, and this was followed by
      three days co-culture on sterile filter papers with light for 10 h per day at 24
      degrees C. Histochemical data demonstrated that the transient expression of GUS
      gene in the stem explants of aloe infected with Agrobacterium strains EHA105 and
      C58C1 was 80.0% and 30.0%, respectively, suggesting the higher sensitivity of the
      explants to EHA105 than to C58C1. Infected tissues were selected using G418 (10.0
      25.0 mg/L) to generate transformants. Sixty-seven G418 resistant plantlets were
      generated from the infected explants. Southern blotting, PCR, and ELISA analyses
      indicated that the alien gene were successfully transferred into aloe and was
      expressed in the transgenic plants. This newly established transformation system
      could be used for the genetic improvement of aloe.

PMID- 18155618
TI  - Population genetic diversity in Chinese pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
      cultivars revealed by fluorescent-AFLP markers.
AB  - Eighty-five pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars from six geographical
      populations located at Shandong, Anhui, Shaanxi, Henan, Yunnan, and Xinjiang
      Provinces were studied for its population genetic diversity by means of
      fluorescent-AFLP markers. The results indicated that 135-185 polymorphic loci
      were amplified by eight pairs of primers at species level. An average of 158.25
      polymorphic loci was amplified for each primer combination. The polymorphism
      percentage ranged from 62.5% to 86.11%, and the average polymorphism percentage
      was 73.26%. This indicated that there was plentiful genetic diversity in
      pomegranate cultivars. The genetic diversity at the species level was higher than
      that at the population level. The order of the genetic diversity was Henan
      population > Xinjiang population > Shaanxi population > Anhui population >
      Shandong population > Yunnan population. Variance analysis showed that there was
      significant difference between populations in genetic diversity. The genetic
      differentiation coefficient between populations (G(ST)) was 0.2018, which
      indicated that gene differentiation was mainly within the population, and between
      populations, it accounted for 20.18% of the total variation. Gene flow (Nm)
      between the populations measured was 1.9027 based on the genetic differentiation
      coefficient between populations, indicating that there was mild gene flow between
      populations. The UPGMA cluster analysis showed that most accessions from the same
      population were clustered together, but there was partly gene exchange. All
      genetic parameters indicated that there was plentiful genetic diversity in
      pomegranate cultivars in China, of which Henan population was significantly
      higher than the other populations, and it had wide application foreground in
      pomegranate breeding in China.

PMID- 18155619
TI  - Genetic relationships among four minorities in Guangxi revealed by analysis of 15
      STRs.
AB  - The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity in 15 STRs (short
      tandem repeats) loci of four minorities in Guangxi Province and to probe into the
      genetic variation and relationships among these ethnic groups. Allele frequencies
      of 15 STR loci were collected from 766 unrelated Mulao, Maonan, Miao, and Yao
      ethnic individuals by PCR-STR and sequencing, and their allele-frequency
      distribution were compared with each other. The genetic parameters and genetic
      distances were calculated, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. Based on
      the results from this study, 135, 134, 148, and 145 alleles and 424, 432, 445,
      and 436 genotypes for 15 STR loci were observed in the Mulao, Maonan, Miao, and
      Yao minorities, respectively. The average heterozygosity of all ethnic groups
      analyzed was above 0.7; the cumulative power of discrimination (DP), the
      probabilities of paternity exclusion (EPP), and the polymorphic information
      content (PIC) were greater than 0.99999. Comparison of the allele-frequency
      distribution indicated that there were significant differences at most loci
      between Maonan vs. Miao, Yao vs. other groups, but no distinct differences
      between Mulao vs. Maonan, and Mulao vs. Miao minorities. The NJ tree based on the
      genetic distance showed that the four minorities were separated into two groups.
      Mulao and Maonan were clustered into one group, whereas Miao and Yao into the
      other. Our results revealed that 15 STR loci of the four minorities possessed
      high genetic diversities. Therefore, the combination of these 15 STRs is a
      powerful tool for forensic individual identification and paternity investigation,
      as well as anthropologic and genetic researches. The genetic variation and
      relationships among the 4 populations revealed by 15 STRs are basically
      consistent with their linguistic culture and ethical history.

PMID- 18155620
TI  - Prediction of subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins using position
      specific profiles and neural network with weighted inputs.
AB  - Subcellular location is one of the key biological characteristics of proteins.
      Position-specific profiles (PSP) have been introduced as important
      characteristics of proteins in this article. In this study, to obtain position
      specific profiles, the Position Specific Iterative-Basic Local Alignment Search
      Tool (PSI-BLAST) has been used to search for protein sequences in a database.
      Position-specific scoring matrices are extracted from the profiles as one class
      of characteristics. Four-part amino acid compositions and 1st-7th order dipeptide
      compositions have also been calculated as the other two classes of
      characteristics. Therefore, twelve characteristic vectors are extracted from each
      of the protein sequences. Next, the characteristic vectors are weighed by a
      simple weighing function and inputted into a BP neural network predictor named
      PSP-Weighted Neural Network (PSP-WNN). The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is
      employed to adjust the weight matrices and thresholds during the network training
      instead of the error back propagation algorithm. With a jackknife test on the
      RH2427 dataset, PSP-WNN has achieved a higher overall prediction accuracy of
      88.4% rather than the prediction results by the general BP neural network, Markov
      model, and fuzzy k-nearest neighbors algorithm on this dataset. In addition, the
      prediction performance of PSP-WNN has been evaluated with a five-fold cross
      validation test on the PK7579 dataset and the prediction results have been
      consistently better than those of the previous method on the basis of several
      support vector machines, using compositions of both amino acids and amino acid
      pairs. These results indicate that PSP-WNN is a powerful tool for subcellular
      localization prediction. At the end of the article, influences on prediction
      accuracy using different weighting proportions among three characteristic vector
      categories have been discussed. An appropriate proportion is considered by
      increasing the prediction accuracy.

PMID- 18155621
TI  - cDNA cloning, bioinformatic and tissue-specific expression analysis of porcine
      JARID1C gene.
AB  - Jumonji, AT-rich interactive domain 1C (JARID1C) protein belongs to the highly
      conserved ARID protein family, which is involved in chromatin remodeling and
      transcriptional regulation during cell growth, differentiation, and development.
      In humans, this gene plays a vital role in normal brain development and function.
      Using an in silico approach in combination with 5' rapid amplification of cDNA
      ends (5' RACE), the full-length cDNA of JARID1C (GenBank accession No. EF139241)
      from porcine ovary, which contains 5,908 bp nucleotides, with an open reading
      frame (ORF) of 4,548 bp, has been cloned. The putative porcine JARID1C protein,
      which is located in the nucleus, encodes 1,516 amino acids with a molecular
      weight of 170 kDa and a pI of 5.44. Bioinformatic prediction indicates that the
      protein contains several conserved domains: a JmjN domain, an ARID domain, a JmjC
      domain, a C5HC2 zinc finger domain, and a PHD zinc finger domain. Similarity
      comparisons for nucleic and amino acid sequences reveal that the porcine JARID1C
      protein shares a high identity with its dog, mouse, rat, and human counterparts.
      The phylogenetic tree of the JARID1 subfamily proteins has been constructed to
      reveal the evolutionary relationship of various species. Real-time PCR analysis
      shows that the JARID1C gene is expressed in various tissues, but at different
      levels. The expression levels of this gene are higher in the brain and gonad than
      in other tissues, suggesting that the JARID1C protein plays a role in porcine
      brain and gonad functions.

PMID- 18155622
TI  - Analysis on the origin and phylogenetic status of Tong sheep using 12 blood
      protein and nonprotein markers.
AB  - This study is based on the Tong sheep obtained by the random sampling method of
      typical colonies in the central area of Baishui County in Shaanxi Province,
      China. An investigation was undertaken to clarify the gene constitution of blood
      protein and nonprotein types of Tong sheep. Twelve genetic markers were examined
      by starch-gel electrophoresis and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Polymorphism
      in Tong sheep was found at the following 10 loci, transferrin (Tf), alkaline
      phosphatase (Alp), leucine aminopeptidase (Lap), arylesterase (Ary-Es),
      hemoglobin-beta (Hb-beta), X-protein (X-p), carbonic anhydrase (CA), catalase
      (Cat), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and lysine (Ly), whereas, albumin (Al) and
      postalbumin (Po) loci were monomorphic. Genetic approach degree method and
      phylogenetic relationship clustering method were used to judge the origin and
      phylogenetic status of Tong sheep. Results from both methods maintained that Tong
      sheep belonged to the "Mongolia group", and Mongolia sheep was the origin of Tong
      sheep. This was also supported by the history of Tong sheep breeding. Compared to
      the phylogenetic relationship clustering method, the genetic approach degree
      method was more reliable for the extraction from East and South of Central Asia,
      and was more effective in reflecting the breeding course of Tong sheep.

PMID- 18155623
TI  - Effects of downregulation of inhibin alpha gene expression on apoptosis and
      proliferation of goose granulosa cells.
AB  - Inhibin alpha is one of the candidate genes that control the ovulation in
      poultry. To study the genetic effects of inhibin alpha on apoptosis and
      proliferation of goose granulosa cells cultured in vitro, two RNA interference
      (RNAi) expression vectors, psiRNA-INH alpha 1 and psiRNA-INH alpha 2, were
      constructed to knock down inhibin alpha gene expression. After 48 h of
      transfection, the efficiency of these two RNAi expression vectors was examined by
      fluorescence microscopy. Meanwhile, inhibin protein expression levels, apoptosis
      indexes (AI) and proliferation indexes (PI) of granulosa cells were analyzed by
      flow cytometry. In addition, the supernatants were collected to assay the
      concentrations of estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P) by radioimmunoassay. The
      results showed that the expression level of inhibin alpha in the RNAi group were
      decreased 30%-40% than those in the control groups (P < 0.05) and the apoptosis
      indexes and proliferation indexes in the RNAi groups were significantly higher
      than those in the control groups (P < 0.05). However, the E2 concentrations in
      the RNAi groups were lower than those in the control groups (P < 0.05). These
      results indicate that inhibin alpha has antagonistic effect on granulosa cell
      apoptosis.

PMID- 18155624
TI  - Genetic variation of wild and hatchery populations of the Pacific oyster
      Crassostrea gigas assessed by microsatellite markers.
AB  - Microsatellite DNA technique was used to detect the genetic variation between
      five hatchery populations of the Pacific oyster from China and two wild
      populations from Japan. Seven microsatellite loci screened in this study showed
      high polymorphism in both hatchery and wild populations, as observed in an
      average number of allele per locus (19.1-29.9) and average expected
      heterozygosity (0.916-0.958). No significant difference in average allelic
      richness or expected heterozygosity was observed between Chinese hatchery
      populations and Japanese wild populations. Pairwise FST values and heterogeneity
      tests of allele frequencies showed significant genetic differentiation between
      all populations. According to the neighbor-joining tree constructed on the basis
      of the DC distance, the seven populations fell into three groups showing a clear
      division between hatchery and wild populations, and between the northern and
      southern hatchery populations. Assignment tests correctly assigned high
      percentages (97%-100%) of individuals to their original populations and
      demonstrated the feasibility of microsatellite analysis for discrimination
      between populations. The information obtained in this study is useful for
      designing suitable management guidelines and selective breeding programs for the
      Pacific oyster in China.

PMID- 18155625
TI  - Mapping of a major stripe rust resistance gene in Chinese native wheat variety
      Chike using microsatellite markers.
AB  - Chike (accession number Su1900), a Chinese native wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
      variety, is resistant to the currently prevailing physiological races of Puccinia
      striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici in China. Genetic analysis indicated that
      resistance to the physiological race CY32 of the pathogen in the variety was
      controlled by one dominant gene. In this study, BSA (bulked segregant analysis)
      methods and SSRs (simple sequence repeats) marker polymorphic analysis are used
      to map the gene. The resistant and susceptible DNA bulks were prepared from the
      segregating F2 population of the cross between Taichung 29, a susceptible variety
      as maternal parent, and Chike as paternal parent. Over 400 SSR primers were
      screened, and five SSR markers Xwmc44, Xgwm259, Xwmc367, Xcfa2292, and Xbarc80 on
      the chromosome arm 1BL were found to be polymorphic between the resistant and the
      susceptible DNA bulks as well as their parents. Genetic linkage was tested on
      segregating F2 population with 200 plants, including 140 resistant and 60
      susceptible plants. All the five SSR markers were linked to the stripe rust
      resistance gene in Chike. The genetic distances for the markers Xwmc44, Xgwm259,
      Xwmc367, Xcfa2292, and Xbarc80 to the target gene were 8.3 cM, 9.1 cM, 17.2 cM,
      20.6 cM, and 31.6 cM, respectively. Analysis using 21 nulli-tetrasomic Chinese
      Spring lines further confirmed that all the five markers were located on
      chromosome 1B. On the basis of the above results, it is reasonable to assume that
      the major stripe rust resistance gene YrChk in Chike was located on the
      chromosome arm 1BL, and its comparison with the other stripe rust resistance
      genes located on 1B suggested that YrChk may be a novel gene that provides the
      resistance against stripe rust in Chike. Exploration and utilization of resources
      of disease resistance genes in native wheat varieties will be helpful both to
      diversify the resistance genes and to amend the situation of resistance gene
      simplification in the commercial wheat cultivars in China.

PMID- 18155626
TI  - Disrupted OmpC causes osmosis sensitivity of Escherichia coli in alkaline medium.
AB  - The Escherichia coli strain DH42 is sensitive to high osmolarity in an alkaline
      medium. Using mini-Tn5 mutagenesis, construction of mutant strains by homologous
      recombination and subcloning of DNA fragment techniques, gene ompC was identified
      as the key factor that, once disrupted, caused osmosis-sensitivity of E. coli
      strain DH42 grown in an alkaline medium. Through P1 transduction, a mutant
      strain, D9 (W3110 ompC:kan), was constructed and growth comparison was performed
      between DH42 and D9 under different pHs and salt concentrations. The result
      showed that ompC was necessarily required for hyperosmotic adaptation of E. coli
      in the alkaline medium.

PMID- 18155627
TI  - Frequency of feline diabetes mellitus and breed predisposition in domestic cats
      in Australia.
AB  - The frequency of diabetes mellitus is described for cats that received veterinary
      care from two large feline-only clinics in Brisbane, Australia. Frequency was
      estimated using period prevalences (the proportion of the population at risk that
      was affected by diabetes at any point during a specified time period). Of the
      12,576 study cats, 93 were affected with diabetes during the 5-year study period,
      resulting in a 5-year period prevalence of 7.4 per 1000 cats. Period prevalence
      was significantly higher in Burmese cats (22.4 cats per 1000) than domestic short
      and longhaired cats (7.6 cats per 1000) and the mean age at first diagnosis
      during the study period was significantly higher amongst Burmese cats (13.6
      years) compared to domestic short and longhaired cats (10.9 years). Further
      investigations into the apparent predisposition of Burmese cats to diabetes
      mellitus are indicated.

PMID- 18155628
TI  - Solid state 19F NMR parameters of fluorine-labeled amino acids. Part II:
      aliphatic substituents.
AB  - A representative set of amino acids with aliphatic 19F-labels has been
      characterized here, following up our previous compilation of NMR parameters for
      single 19F-substituents on aromatic side chains. Their isotropic chemical shifts,
      chemical shift tensor parameters, intra-molecular 19F dipole-dipole couplings and
      temperature-dependent T1 and T2 relaxation times were determined by solid state
      NMR on twelve polycrystalline amino acid samples, and the corresponding isotropic
      19F chemical shifts and scalar couplings were obtained in solution. Of particular
      interest are amino acids carrying a trifluoromethyl-group, because not only the
      19F chemical shift but also the intra-CF3 homonuclear dipolar coupling can be
      used for structural studies of 19F-labeled peptides and proteins. The CF3-groups
      are further compared with CH2F-, CD2F-, and CD3-groups, using both 19F and 2H NMR
      to describe their motional behavior and to examine the respective linebroadening
      effects of the protonated and deuterated neighbors. We have also characterized
      two unnatural amino acids in which a CF3-label is rigidly connected to the
      backbone by a phenyl or bicyclopentyl moiety, and which are particularly well
      suited for structure analysis of membrane-bound polypeptides. The 19F NMR
      parameters of the polycrystalline amino acids are compared with data from the
      correspondingly labeled side chains in synthetic peptides.

PMID- 18155629
TI  - Aromatase expression in testes of XY, YY, and XX rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
      mykiss).
AB  - The main goal of the present study was to show whether testicular cells of
      rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) either hormonally manipulated (XX
      males) or produced by using gamma irradiation and pressure shock (YY males,
      "supermales") are able to aromatize androgens into estrogens compared with the
      control (XY males). The expression of aromatase gene at the level of the protein
      and its presence in testicular tissue was investigated by means of
      immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, respectively. The positive
      staining for aromatase was detected in testicular cells of all trout and in
      efferent duct cells of XY and YY males. However, the staining intensity varied
      among particular trout, being strong in YY males, moderate in XY males, and weak
      in XX trout. It was confirmed by quantitative image analysis in which the
      staining intensity was expressed as relative optical density (ROD) of
      diaminobenzidine deposits. Significant differences were found between XY and YY
      trout ((**)p<0.01) and XY and XX trout ((*)p<0.05). Such differences could
      reflect various levels of estrogens, possibly dependent on the genetic background
      of the trout studied. It seems likely that differential expression of the enzyme,
      especially that of weak or strong intensity, causes some alterations in
      testicular morphology of homogametic trout. Additionally, the results indicate
      that an imbalance in sex hormone biosynthesis may provoke the functional
      alterations in testes of YY males, and, in consequence, negatively affect the
      fertility of "supermales".

PMID- 18155630
TI  - A Delphi-based consensus clinical practice protocol for the diagnosis and
      management of 3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase deficiency.
AB  - 3-MCC deficiency is among the most common inborn errors of metabolism identified
      on expanded newborn screening (1:36,000 births). However, evidence-based
      guidelines for diagnosis and management of this disorder are lacking. Using the
      traditional Delphi method, a panel of 15 experts in inborn errors of metabolism
      was convened to develop consensus-based clinical practice guidelines for the
      diagnosis and management of 3-MCC screen-positive infants and their mothers. The
      Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine system was used to grade the literature
      review and create recommendations graded from A (evidence level of randomized
      clinical trials) to D (expert opinion). Panelists reviewed the initial evaluation
      of the screen-positive infant-mother dyad, diagnostic guidelines, and management
      of diagnosed patients. Grade D consensus recommendations were made in each of
      these three areas. The panel did not reach consensus on all issues. This
      consensus protocol is intended to assist clinicians in the diagnosis and
      management of screen-positive newborns for 3-MCC deficiency and to encourage the
      development of evidence-based guidelines.

PMID- 18155631
TI  - Novel isoforms of intracellular platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase
      (PAFAH1b2) in human testis; encoded by alternatively spliced mRNAs.
AB  - Platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (paf-ah), a potent regulator of
      platelet activating factor activity, plays an important role in various
      physiological and pathophysiological functions including development,
      reproduction, inflammation, hemostasis, and apoptosis. Intracellular paf-ah (paf
      ah-Ib) is composed of a regulatory subunit, Pafah1b1, and two highly conserved
      but non-identical catalytic subunits, Pafah1b2 and Pafah1b3. The present study
      identifies new splice variants of the Pafah1b2 gene transcript. The splice
      variants retain exons 1-5 and replace exon 6 with alternative exons derived from
      genomic sequence 3' to exon 6. Splice variants encode two proteins with different
      novel carboxy termini. One of the isoforms is expressed exclusively in testis.
      These new isoforms of pafah1b2 retain the ability to form higher order complexes
      while replacing known key catalytic residues, which raises the possibility that
      they may alter the subunit composition and catalytic function of paf-ah-Ib.

PMID- 18155633
TI  - Treatment of patients with unresectable squamous head and neck cancer with
      induction chemotherapy followed by hyperfractionated radiotherapy.
AB  - PURPOSE: The contribution of induction chemotherapy (CT) followed by
      hyperfractionated radiotherapy (hfRT) in unresectable squamous head and neck
      cancer has been evaluated in a single institution as an assistencial protocol.
      PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 1994 to June 2000 all consecutive patients with
      unresectable disease were treated with four courses of platin plus fluorouracil
      based CT followed by hfRT. Tumor resectability and response was assessed by a
      multidisciplinary committee. RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients (pts) were treated.
      All of them had stage IV-M0 disease: 67 T4, 88 N2-N3. Tumor location: 62
      oropharynx, 22 hypopharynx, eight oral cavity and seven larynx. Tumor response at
      the end of treatment: 61 patients complete response, 17 partial response, two
      stable disease, 10 progressive disease and nine unevaluated. With a median follow
      up of 70 months the 5-year loco-regional control and overall survival was 30.3%
      (95% CI: 21.9-38.6) and 21.6% (95% CI: 13.4-29.8), respectively. Loco-regional
      control and overall survival is significantly influenced by prior response to
      induction CT. Main grade 3-4 toxicity related to CT was stomatitis, but there
      were five patients with an ischemic event. Grade 3-4 acute toxicity related to
      hfRT: 47 stomatitis, 20 epithelitis. Chronic toxicity related to hfRT: six
      emergency tracheotomies due to laryngeal edema, five pneumonia and one
      mucous/soft-tissue necrosis. There were eight toxic related deaths. CONCLUSION:
      Induction CT followed by hfRT might increase the overall survival rate in
      unresectable disease. HfRT resulted in a high rate of acute toxicity and its use
      would not be warranted in those patients with no response to induction CT who had
      a low probability of long-term control.

PMID- 18155634
TI  - The nuclear pore comes to the fore.
AB  - The nuclear pore complex is the gateway of macromolecular trafficking between the
      nucleus and the cytoplasm. Although its composition is well characterized in
      yeast and mammalian systems, little is known about the plant nuclear pore.
      Several recent reports describe complex whole-organism phenotypes based on
      mutations in plant nucleoporins. The pathways affected include plant-microbe
      interactions, auxin response, cold-stress tolerance and flowering-time
      regulation. The effects are probably based, at least in part, on changes in
      protein import and/or RNA export (including regulatory small RNAs). Here, we
      review these new findings while comparing and contrasting them with what is known
      about nucleoporin functions from non-plant organisms, including nucleoporin
      activities not linked to nucleocytoplasmic transport.

PMID- 18155635
TI  - Challenges in plant cellular pathway reconstruction based on gene expression
      profiling.
AB  - Microarrays are used to profile transcriptional activity, providing global cell
      biology insight. Particularly for plants, interpretation of transcriptional
      profiles is challenging because many genes have unknown functions. Furthermore,
      many plant gene sequences do not have clear homologs in other model organisms.
      Fortunately, over the past five years, various tools that assist plant scientists
      have been developed. Here, we evaluate the currently available in silico tools
      for reconstruction of cellular (metabolic, biochemical and signal transduction)
      pathways based on plant gene expression datasets. Furthermore, we show how
      expression-profile comparison at the level of these various cellular pathways
      contributes to the postulation of novel hypotheses which, after experimental
      verification, can provide further insight into decisive elements that have roles
      in cellular processes.

PMID- 18155636
TI  - Highway or byway: the metabolic role of the GABA shunt in plants.
AB  - Much of the recent work on the gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) shunt in plants has
      concentrated on stress/pest-associated and signalling roles. However, fifty years
      after the structural elucidation of the pathway, aspects of its regulation and
      even of its biological significance remain largely obscure. Here, we assess the
      importance of GABA metabolism in plants, reviewing relevant biological
      circumstances and taking advantage of high-throughput data accessibility and
      computational approaches. We discuss the premise that GABA metabolism plays a
      major role in carbon and nitrogen primary metabolism. We further evaluate
      technological developments that will likely allow us to address the quantitative
      importance of this shunt within the biological processes to which it contributes.

PMID- 18155637
TI  - Protective effects of vanadium against DMH-induced genotoxicity and
      carcinogenesis in rat colon: removal of O(6)-methylguanine DNA adducts, p53
      expression, inducible nitric oxide synthase downregulation and apoptotic
      induction.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that dietary micronutrient vanadium can protect
      neoplastic development induced by chemical carcinogens. Current investigation is
      an attempt to evaluate the role of vanadium (4.27 micro mol/l) in inhibiting 1,2
      dimethyhydrazine (DMH) (20 mg/kg body weight) induced rat colon carcinogenesis.
      We investigated the effect of vanadium against the formation of DMH-induced O(6)
      methylguanine (O(6)-Meg) DNA adduct, a potent cytotoxic and mutagenic agent for
      colon cancer. Supplementation of vanadium significantly reduced the hepatic
      (P<0.05), and colonic (at three sequential time points; ANOVA, F=4.96, P<0.05)
      O(6)-Meg DNA adduct levels in rats, indicating vanadium's potency in limiting the
      initiation event of colon carcinogenesis. Removal of initiated and damaged
      precancerous cells by apoptosis can prevent tumorigenesis and further malignancy.
      DNA fragmentation study revealed the vanadium-mediated apoptotic induction in
      colon tumors. The increased value of apoptotic index (AI) (62.27%; P<0.01) in
      subsequent TUNEL assay further confirmed the apoptosis induction by vanadium.
      This paralleled the nuclear immunoexpression of p53. A significant positive
      correlation between p53 immunoexpression and AI (P=0.0026, r=0.83, r(2)=0.69)
      links its association with vanadium-mediated apoptotic induction. Vanadium
      treatment also abated the mRNA expression of iNOS (54.03%), reflecting its
      protective effect against nitric oxide-mediated genotoxicity and colon
      tumorigenesis. These studies cumulatively provide strong evidence for the
      inhibitory actions of vanadium against DMH-induced genotoxicity and
      carcinogenesis in rat colon.

PMID- 18155638
TI  - In vivo radioprotection by 5-aminosalicylic acid.
AB  - The radioprotective effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA) was investigated in
      mouse bone marrow. The present study was aimed at investigating the
      radioprotective effect of pre-irradiation treatment with 5ASA against a range of
      whole-body lethal (8-11 Gy) and sublethal (1-4 Gy) doses of gamma-radiation (RT)
      in adult Swiss albino mice. Protection against lethal irradiation was evaluated
      from 30-day mouse survival and against sublethal doses was assessed from
      chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow 24 h after irradiation. An
      intraperitoneal injection of 5ASA at a dose of 25mg/kg body weight (b. wt.) 30
      min before lethal RT increased survival, giving a dose modification factor (DMF)
      of 1.08. Injection of 5ASA (25 mg/kg b. wt.) 60 or 30 min before or within 15 min
      after 3 Gy whole body RT resulted in a significant decrease in the radiation
      induced aberrant metaphases, at 24 h post-irradiation. Maximum effect was seen
      when the drug was administered 30 min before irradiation. 5ASA (25 mg/kg b. wt.)
      significantly reduced the number of aberrant metaphases and the different types
      of aberrations at all the radiation doses (1-4 Gy) tested, giving a DMFs of 1.43
      for number of aberrant metaphases. 5ASA pretreatment also significantly enhanced
      the endogenous spleen colonies in mouse exposed to 11 Gy RT. Pretreatment with
      5ASA, protected plasmid DNA (pGEM-7Zf) against breakage induced by RT and Fenton
      reactants. Using nanosecond pulse radiolysis technique, the bimolecular rate
      constant of the reaction of 5ASA with hydroxyl radical was found to be
      6.7x10(9)M(-1)s(-1). The p53 and p21 protein levels of bone marrow and spleen
      were evaluated to identify the specific molecular mechanisms. Both p53 and p21
      increased 24h after 6 Gy irradiation, while treatment with 5ASA inhibited this RT
      induced increase. Therefore, the present data suggest that 5ASA pretreatment
      decreases death caused by RT-induced gastrointestinal and hemopoeitic syndromes.
      The proposed mechanism of radioprotection by 5ASA is through the inhibition of
      damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins; and prevention of RT-induced increased
      expression of p53 and p21.

PMID- 18155639
TI  - Synthesis, electronic and ESR spectral studies on copper(II) nitrate complexes
      with some acylhydrazines and hydrazones.
AB  - This paper describes the preparation of [Cu(bh)2(H2O)2](NO3)2], [Cu(ibh)2(NO3)2],
      [Cu(ibh)2(H2O)2](NO3)2 and [Cu(iinh)2(NO3)2] (bh = benzoyl hydrazine
      (C6H5CONHNH2); ibh = isonicotinoyl hydrazine (NC5H4CONHNH2); ibh = isopropanone
      benzoyl hydrazone (C6H5CONHN=C(CH3)2; iinh = isopropanone isonicotinoyl hydrazone
      (NC5H4CONHN=C(CH3)2). These copper(II) complexes are characterized by elemental
      analyses, molar conductances, dehydration studies, ESR, IR and electronic
      spectral studies. The electronic and ESR spectra indicate that each complex
      exhibits a six-coordinate tetragonally distorted octahedral geometry in the solid
      state and in DMSO solution. The ESR spectra of most of the complexes are
      typically isotropic type at room temperature (300 K) in solid state as well as in
      DMSO solution. However, all the complexes exhibit invariably axial signals at 77
      K in DMSO solution. The trend g(||) > g(perpendicular) > g(e,) observed in all
      the complexes suggests the presence of an unpaired electron in the d x2-y2
      orbital of the Cu(II). The bh and inh ligands bond to Cu(II) through the >C=O and
      -NH2 groups whereas, ibh and iinh bond through >C=O and >C=N- groups. The IR
      spectra of bh and ibh complexes also show H-O-H stretching and bending modes of
      coordinated water.

PMID- 18155640
TI  - Nondestructive determination of compound amoxicillin powder by NIR spectroscopy
      with the aid of chemometrics.
AB  - Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, in combination with chemometrics, enables
      nondestructive analysis of solid samples without time-consuming sample
      preparation methods. A new method for the nondestructive determination of
      compound amoxicillin powder drug via NIR spectroscopy combined with an improved
      neural network model based on principal component analysis (PCA) and radial basis
      function (RBF) neural networks is investigated. The PCA technique is applied to
      extraction relevant features from lots of spectra data in order to reduce the
      input variables of the RBF neural networks. Various optimum principal component
      analysis--radial basis function (PCA-RBF) network models based on conventional
      spectra and preprocessing spectra (standard normal variate (SNV) and
      multiplicative scatter correction (MSC)) have been established and compared.
      Principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) multivariate
      calibrations are also used, which are compared with PCA-RBF neural networks.
      Experiment results show that the proposed PCA-RBF method is more efficient than
      PCR and PLS multivariate calibrations. And the PCA-RBF approach with SNV
      preprocessing spectra is found to provide the best performance.

PMID- 18155641
TI  - Emergency treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: a new option in the treatment of
      a refractory acute heart failure episode.

PMID- 18155642
TI  - Clinical characteristics of physician-diagnosed patients with multiple chemical
      sensitivity in Japan.
AB  - Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), a syndrome in which multiple symptoms occur
      with low-level chemical exposure, has not been clarified in detail. The aim of
      our study was to clarify the clinical characteristics of physician-diagnosed MCS
      patients in Japan. We analyzed patient characteristics based on the medical
      records of 106 patients diagnosed with MCS according to the 1999 Consensus and
      the Japanese diagnostic criteria for MCS. We evaluated subjective symptoms using
      the Quick Environment Exposure Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI) and compared the
      QEESI scores with those of four MCS patient groups in the US reported by Miller
      and Prihoda [Miller, C.S., Prihoda, T.J., 1999b. A controlled comparison of
      symptoms and chemical intolerances reported by Gulf War veterans, implant
      recipients, and persons with multiple chemical sensitivity. Toxicol Ind Health
      15, 386-397]. Female patients accounted for 74.0%. Most male patients were in
      their 30s, whereas female ages ranged widely from 10 to 65 years. Among estimated
      onset factors, those seen in males tended to be workplace related, while female
      patients showed a variety of factors. Co-morbid allergic disease was present in
      84.0% of patients. A significant difference in the QEESI score between male and
      female patients was found in only one item out of 10 in symptom severity and life
      impact. However, all 10 items in chemical intolerance were significantly higher
      in females than in males. The mean QEESI score in the patient group in our study
      was lower than those in any of the four self-reported patient groups in the US.

PMID- 18155643
TI  - Exposure of Prague's homeless population to lead and cadmium, compared to
      Prague's general population.
AB  - Homelessness is a growing problem in the Czech Republic where homeless people
      represent a specific minority group beset by many problems linked to their
      divergent lifestyle. It was therefore expected that the homeless population would
      be at greater risk of exposure to environmental pollutants than the general
      population. The aim of our study was to compare blood lead (B-Pb) and blood
      cadmium (B-Cd) levels in the homeless population (HP) with those obtained from
      the Human Biomonitoring Project (CZ-HBM), which used blood donors considered
      representative of the general population (GP). We present data obtained between
      2004 and 2006 for B-Pb and B-Cd in 257 Prague homeless adults and compare them to
      B-Pb and B-Cd levels in 104 Prague adult blood donors from the CZ-HBM project in
      2005. The mean (geometric) B-Pb levels in men were 36.5 (HP) and 35.4microg/l
      (GP), which is not significantly different. However, statistically significant
      differences were observed between men and women in the GP (P<0.001), but not in
      HP; B-Pb levels in women (34.8microg/l) did not differ from those of HP men
      (36.5microg/l), but were significantly (P<0.001) higher than those of GP women
      (25.8microg/l). B-Pb levels were not influenced by smoking. B-Cd levels in the
      homeless nonsmokers (geometric means 1.06 and 1.18microg/l in men and women,
      respectively) were more than 2.5 times higher than in the nonsmoking GP (0.36 and
      0.38microg/l for men and women, respectively). B-Cd levels were significantly
      (P<0.001) influenced by smoking in both groups, but, surprisingly, the values in
      GP smokers (men=0.96microg/l, women=0.93microg/l) were lower than those in HP
      nonsmokers (men=1.06microg/l, women=1.18microg/l). A positive correlation was
      found between cadmium and lead in both men (P<0.05) and women (P<0.01). Our
      results indicate that the homeless population under study might be exposed to
      lead and cadmium more extensively than the general population of Prague and that
      homeless women represent a particularly vulnerable population group.

PMID- 18155644
TI  - Peripheral cell wall lipids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are inhibitory to
      surfactant function.
AB  - The transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) requires extensive damage to
      the lungs to facilitate bacterial release into the airways, and it is therefore
      likely that the microorganism has evolved mechanisms to exacerbate its local
      pathology. This study examines the inhibitory effects of lipids extracted and
      purified chromatographically from TB on the surface-active function of lavaged
      bovine lung surfactant (LS) and a clinically relevant calf lung surfactant
      extract (CLSE). Total lipids from TB greatly inhibited the surface activity of LS
      and CLSE on the pulsating bubble surfactometer at physical conditions applicable
      for respiration in vivo (37 degrees C, 20 cycles/min, 50% area compression).
      Minimum surface tensions for LS (0.5 mg/ml) and CLSE (1 mg/ml) were raised from
      <1 mN/m to 15.7+/-1.2 and 18.7+/-1.3 mN/m after 5 min of bubble pulsation in the
      presence of total TB lipids (0.15 mg/ml). TB mixed waxes (0.15 mg/ml) and TB
      trehalose monomycolates (TMMs, 0.15 mg/ml) also significantly inhibited the
      surface activity of LS and CLSE (minimum surface tensions of 10-16 mN/m after 5
      min of bubble pulsation), as did purified trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM, cord
      factor). Phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs, 0.15 mg/ml) from TB had no
      inhibitory effect on the surface activity of LS or CLSE. Concentration dependence
      studies showed that LS was also inhibited significantly by total TB lipids at
      0.075 mg/ml, with a smaller activity decrease apparent even at 0.00375 mg/ml.
      These findings document that TB contains multiple lipids that can directly impair
      the biophysical function of endogenous and exogenous lung surfactants. Direct
      inhibition by TB lipids could worsen surfactant dysfunction caused by plasma
      proteins or other endogenous substances induced by inflammatory injury in the
      infected lungs. TB lipids could also inhibit the effectiveness of exogenous
      surfactants used to treat severe acute respiratory failure in TB patients meeting
      criteria for clinical acute lung injury (ALI) or the acute respiratory distress
      syndrome (ARDS).

PMID- 18155645
TI  - Nanocryosurgery and its mechanisms for enhancing freezing efficiency of tumor
      tissues.
AB  - We proposed for the first time a surgical term, the nanocryosurgery, for
      efficient tumor treatment through combining the theories of cyrosurgery and
      nanotechnology. Simulations were performed on the combined phase change bioheat
      transfer problems in a single cell level and its surrounding tissues, to
      explicate the difference of transient temperature response between conventional
      cyrosugery and nanocyrosurgery. According to theoretical interpretation and
      existing experimental measurements, intentional loading of nanoparticles with
      high thermal conductivity into the target tissues can lower the final temperature
      significantly, increase the maximum freezing rate, and enlarge the ice volume
      obtained in the absence of nanoparticles. In addition, introduction of
      nanoparticle-enhanced freezing could also make conventional cyrosurgery more
      flexible in many aspects such as artificially interfering in the size, shape,
      image and direction of iceball formation. The concepts of nanocyrosurgery may
      offer new opportunities for future tumor treatment.

PMID- 18155646
TI  - Oxidation of mitochondrial deoxynucleotide pools by exposure to sodium
      nitroprusside induces cell death.
AB  - Human MutT homolog (hMTH1) hydrolyzes oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphates to
      monophosphates, thereby avoiding incorporation of such oxidized purines into DNA
      or RNA. We examined whether hMTH1 prevents cellular dysfunction induced by sodium
      nitroprusside, a spontaneous NO donor. Exposure to sodium nitroprusside caused an
      8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) buildup in DNA of proliferating MTH1-null cells which
      underwent mitochondrial degeneration and subsequently died. Quiescent MTH1-null
      cells also died with 8-oxoG buildup but only when the buildup affected
      mitochondrial and not nuclear DNA. In both proliferative and quiescent
      conditions, the accumulation of 8-oxoG in DNA and cell death was effectively
      prevented by hMTH1. Knockdown of MUTYH in quiescent MTH1-null cells significantly
      prevented the cell death, suggesting that 8-oxoG incorporated into mitochondrial
      DNA is a main cause of this form of cell death. To verify this possibility, an
      artificially modified hMTH1, namely mTP-EGFP-hMTH1, which localizes exclusively
      in mitochondria, was expressed in MTH1-null cells. mTP-EGFP-hMTH1 selectively
      prevented buildup of 8-oxoG in mitochondrial but not nuclear DNA after exposure
      of proliferating cells to sodium nitroprusside, and also efficiently prevented
      cell death. We thus concluded that exposure of cells to sodium nitroprusside
      causes oxidation of mitochondrial deoxynucleotide pools, and that buildup of
      oxidized bases in mitochondrial DNA initiates cell death.

PMID- 18155647
TI  - 8-OH-DPAT suppresses spontaneous central apneas in the C57BL/6J mouse strain.
AB  - Apneas are common and prognostically relevant disorders of the central control of
      breathing, but pharmacological interventions are dissatisfying. The respiratory
      phenotype of C57BL/6J mice is characterized by the occurrence of spontaneous
      central apneas with laryngeal closure. In the present study we investigated the
      impact of the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT on apneas in C57BL/6J mice,
      because of the important role of serotonin in the regulation of breathing and
      previous reports showing that serotonergic drugs can affect central apneas. Whole
      body plethysmography in awake, unrestrained mice revealed that intraperitoneal
      application of 8-OH-DPAT (10microgkg(-1)) decreased the occurrence of spontaneous
      apneas from 1.91+/-0.25 to 1.05+/-0.05 apneas min(-1). The efficacy of 5-HT(1A)
      receptor activation was further verified in the in situ working heart-brainstem
      preparation. Here the apneas occurred at a frequency of 1.33+/-0.19min(-1). Intra
      arterial perfusion with 1-2microM 8-OH-DPAT completely abolished spontaneous
      apneas. These results suggest that 5-HT(1A) receptor activation may be a
      potential treatment option for central apneas.

PMID- 18155648
TI  - Enantiospecific gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of urinary
      methylphenidate: implications for phenotyping.
AB  - A chiral derivatization gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method for
      urine methylphenidate (MPH) analysis was developed and validated to investigate
      preliminary findings regarding a novel MPH poor metabolizer (PM). Detection was
      by electron impact (EI) ionization-selected ion monitoring of the N
      trifluoroacetylprolylpiperidinium fragments from MPH and the piperidine
      deuterated MPH internal standard. The PM eliminated approximately 70 times more l
      MPH in urine (9% of the dose over 0-10h), and approximately 5 times more of the d
      isomer (10% of the dose), than the mean values determined from 10 normal
      metabolizers of MPH. Only minor amounts of the metabolite p-hydroxy-MPH were
      found in the urine of both the PM and normal metabolizers, while the
      concentration of MPH lactam was not high enough to be detectable. The described
      method indirectly gauges the functional carboxylesterase-1 status of patients
      receiving MPH based on the evaluation of relative urine concentrations of d-MPH:l
      MPH. Clinical implications concerning rational drug selection for an identified
      or suspected MPH PM are discussed.

PMID- 18155649
TI  - Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric assay for quantitation of the short
      chain fatty acid, 2,2-dimethylbutyrate (NSC 741804), in rat plasma.
AB  - 2,2-Dimethylbutyrate (DMB) is a potential treatment for thalassemia and
      hemoglobinopathies. To facilitate pharmacokinetic evaluation of DMB, we developed
      an LC-MS assay and quantitated DMB in plasma of rats after an oral dose of
      500mg/kg. After acetonitrile protein precipitation, DMB and dimethylvaleric acid
      (DMV) internal standard were derivatized to benzylamides, chromatographed on a
      Hydro-RP column with acetonitrile, water, and 0.1% formic acid, and detected by
      electrospray positive-mode ionization mass spectrometry. The assay was accurate
      (97-107%) and precise (3.4-6.2%) between 100 and 10,000ng/mL. Recovery from
      plasma was >62%. Plasma freeze-thaw and room temperature stability were
      acceptable.

PMID- 18155650
TI  - Analytical methods applied to the determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines
      in foods.
AB  - Analytical aspects concerning the heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs)
      determination in foods are reviewed. Sample pre-treatment procedures such as
      liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), supercritical fluid extraction, solid-phase
      extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and the mainly used LLE-SPE
      tandem extraction are discussed. The analytical methods used for the
      identification and quantification are HPLC, HPLC combined with single or tandem
      MS detection (HPLC-MS, HPLC-MS/MS), GC-MS and capillary electrophoresis.
      Advantages and figures of merit for each technique are discussed.

PMID- 18155651
TI  - Designer drug 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-amphetamine (DOM, STP): involvement of the
      cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in formation of its main metabolite and detection of
      the latter in rat urine as proof of a drug intake using gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - The designer drug 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-amphetamine (DOM, STP) is known to be
      extensively metabolized in various species. The current study showed that
      cytochrome P450 2D6 was the only isoenzyme involved in formation of the main
      metabolite hydroxy DOM. In addition, the authors' systematic toxicological
      analysis (STA) procedure using full-scan GC-MS was suitable to prove an intake of
      a common drug users' dose of DOM by detection of hydroxy DOM in rat urine.
      Assuming similar metabolism, the described STA procedure should be suitable for
      proof of an intake of DOM in human urine. However, DOM and/or other metabolites
      such as deamino-oxo-hydroxy DOM might be the target analyte in urine of CYP2D6
      poor metabolizers.

PMID- 18155652
TI  - High-resolution manometry.
AB  - Recently, high-resolution oesophageal manometry was added to the armamentarium of
      researchers and gastroenterologists. Current studies suggest that the yield of
      high-resolution oesophageal manometry is higher than that of conventional pull
      through manometry and is at least comparable to that of sleeve sensor manometry.
      Probably the most important advantage of solid-state high-resolution manometry is
      that it makes oesophageal manometry faster and easier to perform. Topographic
      plotting of high-resolution manometry signals facilitates their interpretation.
      It is concluded that high-resolution manometry is a promising technique for the
      evaluation of oesophageal motor function. Further studies will have to determine
      whether high-resolution manometry is superior to conventional manometry in the
      diagnostic work-up of patients with oesophageal symptoms.

PMID- 18155653
TI  - Comment on 'Reconstruction of orbital floor and maxilla with divided vascularised
      calvarial bone flap in one session'.

PMID- 18155654
TI  - Salvage of a DIEP flap using a retrograde flow anastomosis.

PMID- 18155655
TI  - Plastic surgical options for HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
AB  - With the reported prevalence of HIV-associated lipodystrophy approaching 80%,
      this patient group presents an increasing challenge to plastic surgeons. Based on
      a literature search conducted using OVID Medline, this review shall describe the
      various treatment options employed by plastic surgeons to deal with the problems
      of fat distribution in patients suffering from HIV-lipodystrophy, and examine the
      evidence for each treatment.

PMID- 18155656
TI  - Hypoxic osteocytes recruit human MSCs through an OPN/CD44-mediated pathway.
AB  - Little is known about the role or identity of signaling molecules released by
      osteocytes to recruit MSCs to areas of matrix damage. Vascular disruption at
      fracture sites results in hypoxia which is known to up-regulate genes involved in
      cell migration including osteopontin (OPN). We examined the effect of conditioned
      media from hypoxic osteocytes on MSC migration. Hypoxic osteocyte media
      significantly increased MSC migration and expression of OPN was significantly
      increased in hypoxic osteocytes. OPN and CD44 neutralizing antibodies
      significantly reduced MSC migration. Further, recombinant OPN significantly
      increased MSC migration in a dose-dependent manner. Our data support the
      hypothesis that hypoxia at a fracture site stimulates the release of chemotactic
      factors, such as OPN, from osteocytes, that induce MSC migration to aid in
      fracture repair. To our knowledge, these are the first data to suggest a role for
      osteocytes and OPN in the recruitment of MSCs to aid in fracture repair.

PMID- 18155657
TI  - Wnt-10b, uniquely among Wnts, promotes epithelial differentiation and shaft
      growth.
AB  - Although Wnts are expressed in hair follicles throughout life from embryo to
      adult, and considered to be critical for their development and maturation, their
      roles remain largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects
      of Wnts (Wnt-3a, Wnt-5a, Wnt-10b, and Wnt-11) on epithelial cell differentiation
      using adult mouse-derived primary skin epithelial cell (MPSEC) cultures and hair
      growth using hair follicle organ cultures. Only Wnt-10b showed evident promotion
      of epithelial cell differentiation and hair shaft growth, in contrast to Wnt-3a,
      5a, and 11. Our results suggest that Wnt-10b is unique and plays an important
      role in differentiation of epithelial cells in the hair follicle.

PMID- 18155658
TI  - Ubiquitin-dependent and -independent proteasomal degradation of hepatitis B virus
      X protein.
AB  - The hepatitis B virus X protein (HBX) plays key regulatory roles in viral
      replication and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. HBX is an unstable
      protein; its instability is attributed to rapid degradation through the ubiquitin
      proteasome pathway. Here, we show that the middle and carboxyl-terminal domains
      of HBX, independently fused to GFP, render the recombinant proteins susceptible
      to proteasomal degradation, while the amino-terminal domain has little effect on
      the ubiquitination or stability of HBX. Mutation of any single or combination of
      up to five of six lysine residues, all located in the middle and carboxyl
      terminal domain, did not prevent HBX from being ubiquitinated, ruling out any
      specific lysine as the sole site of ubiquitination. Surprisingly, HBX in which
      all six lysines were mutated and showed no evidence of ubiquitination, was still
      susceptible to proteasomal degradation. These results suggest that both ubiquitin
      dependent and -independent proteasomal degradation processes are operative in HBX
      turnover.

PMID- 18155659
TI  - A molecular modeling approach defines a new group of Nodulin 26-like aquaporins
      in plants.
AB  - The three-dimensional models built for the Nod26-like aquaporins all exhibit the
      typical alpha-helical fold of other aquaporins containing the two ar/R and NPA
      constriction filters along the central water channel. Besides these structural
      homologies, they readily differ with respect to the amino acid residues forming
      the ar/R selective filter. According to these discrepancies in both the
      hydrophilicity and pore size of the ar/R filter, Nod26-like aquaporins can be
      distributed in three subgroups corresponding to NIP-1, NIP-II and a third
      subgroup of Nod26-like aquaporins exhibiting a highly hydrophilic and widely open
      filter. However, all Nod26-like aquaporins display a bipartite distribution of
      electrostatic charges along the water channel with an electropositive
      extracellular vestibular portion followed by an electronegative cytosolic
      vestibular portion. The specific transport of water, non-ionic solutes (glycerol,
      urea, ammoniac), ions (NH4+) and gas (NH(3)) across the Nod26-like obviously
      depends on the electrostatic and conformational properties of their central water
      channel.

PMID- 18155660
TI  - Regulation of the functional interactions between archaeal eukaryote-like
      Cdc6/Orc1 proteins on the replication origin by two different mechanisms.
AB  - The crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus contains three active origins of
      replication and three eukaryote-like Cdc6/Orc1 proteins known as SsoCdc6
      proteins. It has the potential to become a powerful model system in understanding
      the central mechanism of the eukaryotic DNA replication. In this research, we
      designed a group of duplex DNA substrates containing specific origin recognition
      boxes (ORBs) of the archaeon and identified the DNA-binding activities of
      different SsoCdc6 proteins. Furthermore, we showed that the DNA-protein
      interaction between the DNA substrate and the SsoCdc6-1 or SsoCdc6-3 strikingly
      regulated their DNA-binding activities of each other on the origin. On the other
      hand, the protein-protein interactions between SsoCdc6-1 and SsoCdc6-2 were
      observed to mutually modulate the stimulating or inhibitive effects on the DNA
      binding activities of each other. Thus, two different mechanisms were
      demonstrated to be involved in the regulations of the functions of the SsoCdc6
      proteins on the replication origins. The results of this study imply that the
      interactions between multiple SsoCdc6 proteins and origin DNA collectively
      contribute to the positive or negative regulation of DNA replication initiation
      in the archaeon species.

PMID- 18155661
TI  - Myosin phosphatase target subunit: Many roles in cell function.
AB  - Phosphorylation of myosin II is important in many aspects of cell function and
      involves a myosin kinase, e.g. myosin light chain kinase, and a myosin
      phosphatase (MP). MP is regulated by the myosin phosphatase target subunit
      (MYPT1). The domain structure, properties, and genetic analyses of MYPT1 and its
      isoforms are outlined. MYPT1 binds the catalytic subunit of type 1 phosphatase,
      delta isoform, and also acts as an interactive platform for many other proteins.
      A key reaction for MP is with phosphorylated myosin II and the first process
      shown to be regulated by MP was contractile activity of smooth muscle. In cell
      division and cell migration myosin II phosphorylation also plays a critical role
      and these are discussed. However, based on the wide range of partners for MYPT1
      it is likely that MP is implicated with substrates other than myosin II. Open
      questions are whether the diverse functions of MP reflect different cellular
      locations and/or specific roles for the MYPT1 isoforms.

PMID- 18155662
TI  - Increased activity of phosphatase PP2A in the presence of the PlA2 polymorphism
      of alphaIIbbeta3.
AB  - Polymorphisms in alphaIIbbeta3 are important genetic factors that alter platelet
      biology and have been associated with susceptibility to thromboembolic disorders.
      To define the molecular mechanisms that lead to variance in thrombotic diathesis
      dictated by the beta3 polymorphism, we examined regulation of intracellular
      signaling by alphaIIbbeta3, and studied the effects of a common beta subunit PlA2
      polymorphism. We found that PP2A regulates alphaIIbbeta3 control of the ERK
      signaling in a polymorphism specific fashion. In CHO cells, exogenous expression
      of alphaIIbbeta3 reduced ATP-stimulated ERK phosphorylation and more so for PlA2
      than PlA1. Interestingly, reduced level of ERK phosphorylation correlated with an
      increase in PP2A activity, with higher activity associated with PlA2 than PlA1.
      We tested the effect of PP2A on alphaIIbbeta3-dependent adhesion, and found that
      PP2A overexpression increased cell adhesion, while phosphatase inhibitors
      decreased cell adhesion. We propose that PlA2 alters cell signaling at least in
      part by increasing beta3-associated PP2A activity.

PMID- 18155663
TI  - PPARgamma-dependent and -independent effects of rosiglitazone on lipotoxic human
      pancreatic islets.
AB  - We explored the in vitro effects of Rosiglitazone (RZG), a PPARgamma agonist, on
      human pancreatic islet dysfunctions induced by chronic free fatty acid exposure.
      We demonstrated that RZG beneficial effects on insulin secretion and apoptosis
      did not imply PDX-1 or insulin gene modulation. It rather involved, through a
      PPARgamma-dependent mechanism, a reduction of iNOS overexpressed in lipotoxic
      islets. This reduction likely led to the restoration of ATP level and insulin
      secretion as well as the decrease in apoptosis. More interestingly, we also
      demonstrated that RZG beneficial effects involved PPARgamma-independent
      mechanisms. RZG treatment led to a limitation of oxidative stress exemplified by
      an increase of GPx and SOD expression. It also increased UCP2 expression that
      seemed to display antioxidant action in this model. Thus, RZG did not appear to
      exert a direct action on insulin expression but rather an indirect action on
      insulin secretion and apoptosis, through PPARgamma-dependent and -independent
      mechanisms, via regulation of nitrogen and oxygen reactive species injury.

PMID- 18155664
TI  - Upstream open reading frames regulate the expression of the nuclear Wnt13
      isoforms.
AB  - Wnt proteins control cell survival and cell fate during development. Although Wnt
      expression is tightly regulated in a spatio-temporal manner, the mechanisms
      involved both at the transcriptional and translational levels are poorly defined.
      We have identified a downstream translation initiation codon, AUG(+74), in Wnt13B
      and Wnt13C mRNAs responsible for the expression of Wnt13 nuclear forms. In this
      report, we demonstrate that the expression of the nuclear Wnt13C form is
      translationally regulated in response to stress and apoptosis. Though the 5'
      leaders of both Wnt13C and Wnt13B mRNAs have an inhibitory effect on translation,
      they did not display an internal ribosome entry site activity as demonstrated by
      dicistronic reporter assays. However, mutations or deletions of the upstream AUG(
      99) and AUG(+1) initiation codons abrogate these translation inhibitory effects,
      demonstrating that Wnt13C expression is controlled by upstream open reading
      frames. Since long 5'-untranslated region with short upstream open reading frames
      characterize other Wnt transcripts, our present data on the translational control
      of Wnt13 expression open the way to further studies on the translation control of
      Wnt expression as a modulator of their subcellular localization and activity.

PMID- 18155665
TI  - Cloning and characterization of the promoter of Hugl-2, the human homologue of
      Drosophila lethal giant larvae (lgl) polarity gene.
AB  - The human lgl gene, Hugl-2 (llgl2, Lgl2), codes for a cytoskeletal protein
      involved in regulating cell polarity. Here, we report the identification and
      functional characterization of the promoter region ( approximately 1.2kb) of the
      Hugl-2 gene. Luciferase expression assays show a high basal Hugl-2 promoter
      activity in different cell lines and primary human hepatocytes. Truncations of
      the promoter identified a GC-rich region important for this activity. Alignment
      of human and mouse genomic sequences demonstrate that this is an evolutionary
      conserved region fcontaining putative binding sites for several transcription
      factors including Elk-1 and Sp-1. Mithramycin A reduces Hugl-2 expression
      indicating Sp-1 transcription factors activate Hugl-2. Treatment of primary
      hepatocytes with epidermal growth factor (EGF) suppresses Hugl-2, suggesting
      regulation by the EGF-signaling pathway. Downregulation of Hugl-2 by EGF may
      contribute to loss of cell polarity and tumour progression, therefore supporting
      a tumour suppressor role for Hugl-2.

PMID- 18155666
TI  - Relationship between age-related reference values of serum osteoprotegerin and
      leptin in native Chinese women and compared with those in women of other races.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and leptin are important cellular factors in
      the regulation of bone remodeling. We investigated the serum OPG and leptin in
      Chinese women. METHODS: The serum OPG and leptin in 690 Chinese women aged 20-81
      y were measured by an ELISA. The values of OPG and leptin in women of other races
      were acquired from previous reports on the same. RESULTS: The geometric mean
      values (+/- SD) of the serum OPG and leptin in Chinese women were 3.42+/-1.91
      pmol/l and 10.5+/-1.99 microg/l, respectively. Further, the serum OPG (4.39+/
      1.85 vs 2.74+/-1.81) and leptin (11.4+/-2.21 vs 9.68+/-1.81) in postmenopausal
      women were significantly higher than in premenopausal women. The serum OPG in
      middle-aged Chinese women was significantly higher than that in middle-aged
      Austrian and Icelandic women; however, this is quite contrary to the results
      obtained in the case of old-aged women. The values of serum leptin in Chinese
      women were significantly lower than those in white, black, and Mexican American
      women. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide reliable reference values for OPG and
      leptin in Chinese adult women. The serum of OPG and leptin differ with ethnicity.

PMID- 18155667
TI  - Effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha on cholesterol efflux in adipocytes.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)
      has multiple effects on adipocyte, including cell differentiation, lipolysis and
      the production of adipokines. It is not known whether TNF-alpha has effect on
      cholesterol efflux in adipocyte. METHODS: Rabbit subcutaneous adipocytes were
      incubated with 5, 10, 20 ng/ml TNF-alpha for 24 h. The cholesterol efflux onto
      apoAI was assessed, and the related peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor
      (PPAR) gamma, liver X receptor (LXR) alpha and ATP binding cassette transporter
      A1 (ABCA1) mRNA expression in adipocytes were quantified by reverse transcription
      polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Treatment of adipocytes with 5 or 10 ng/ml
      TNF-alpha for 24 h increased cholesterol efflux, and the effect of 10 ng/ml TNF
      alpha was significant higher than the control group. In contrast, 20 ng/ml TNF
      alpha decreased cholesterol efflux compared with 10 ng/ml TNF-alpha. The
      expression of ABCA1 was increased by 5 ng/ml or 10 ng/ml TNF-alpha compared with
      control group, and was inhibited by 20 ng/ml TNF-alpha. The PPARgamma and
      LXRalpha mRNA were also significantly induced by 10 ng/ml TNF-alpha and down
      regulated by higher TNF-alpha concentration. After pre-treated by GW9662, the
      expression of PPARgamma induced by TNF-alpha was partially prevented, subsequent
      to the down-regulation of LXRalpha and ABCA1. CONCLUSIONS: TNF-alpha affects
      cholesterol efflux and ABCA1 expression of adipocytes, and the pathway of
      PPARgamma-LXRalpha-ABCA1 is probably involved.

PMID- 18155668
TI  - Biochemical detection of myocardial damage in scleroderma.

PMID- 18155669
TI  - A HIF-1alpha-related gene involved in cell protection from hypoxia by suppression
      of mitochondrial function.
AB  - Recently, we reported that acetylcholine-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha
      protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia; however, the downstream factors reducing
      hypoxic stress are unknown. We identified apoptosis inhibitor (AI) gene as being
      differentially expressed between von Hippel Lindau (VHL) protein-positive cells
      with high levels of GRP78 expression and VHL-negative cells with lower GRP
      levels, using cDNA subtraction. AI decreased GRP78 level, suppressed
      mitochondrial function, reduced oxygen consumption and, ultimately, suppressed
      hypoxia-induced apoptosis. By contrast, knockdown of the AI gene increased
      mitochondrial function. Hypoxic cardiomyocytes and ischemic myocardium showed
      increased AI mRNA expression. These findings suggest that AI is involved in
      suppressing mitochondrial function, thereby leading to cellular stress
      eradication and consequently to protection during hypoxia.

PMID- 18155670
TI  - SREBP1 interaction with prelamin A forms: a pathogenic mechanism for
      lipodystrophic laminopathies.

PMID- 18155671
TI  - The Erv family of sulfhydryl oxidases.
AB  - The Erv flavoenzymes contain a compact module that catalyzes the pairing of
      cysteine thiols into disulfide bonds. High-resolution structures of plant,
      animal, and fungal Erv enzymes that function in different contexts and
      intracellular compartments have been determined. Structural features can be
      correlated with biochemical properties, revealing how core sulfhydryl oxidase
      activity has been tailored to various functional niches. The introduction of
      disulfides into cysteine-containing substrates by Erv sulfhydryl oxidases is
      compared with the mechanisms used by NADPH-driven disulfide reductases and
      thioredoxin-like oxidoreductases to reduce and transfer disulfides, respectively.

PMID- 18155672
TI  - Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of thiol/disulfide redox systems: a perspective on
      redox systems biology.
AB  - Understanding the dynamics of redox elements in biologic systems remains a major
      challenge for redox signaling and oxidative stress research. Central redox
      elements include evolutionarily conserved subsets of cysteines and methionines of
      proteins which function as sulfur switches and labile reactive oxygen species
      (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) which function in redox signaling. The
      sulfur switches depend on redox environments in which rates of oxidation are
      balanced with rates of reduction through the thioredoxins,
      glutathione/glutathione disulfide, and cysteine/cystine redox couples. These
      central couples, which we term redox control nodes, are maintained at stable but
      nonequilibrium steady states, are largely independently regulated in different
      subcellular compartments, and are quasi-independent from each other within
      compartments. Disruption of the redox control nodes can differentially affect
      sulfur switches, thereby creating a diversity of oxidative stress responses.
      Systems biology provides approaches to address the complexity of these responses.
      In the present review, we summarize thiol/disulfide pathway, redox potential, and
      rate information as a basis for kinetic modeling of sulfur switches. The summary
      identifies gaps in knowledge especially related to redox communication between
      compartments, definition of redox pathways, and discrimination between types of
      sulfur switches. A formulation for kinetic modeling of GSH/GSSG redox control
      indicates that systems biology could encourage novel therapeutic approaches to
      protect against oxidative stress by identifying specific redox-sensitive sites
      which could be targeted for intervention.

PMID- 18155673
TI  - Increased oxidative stress created by adenoviral MnSOD or CuZnSOD plus BCNU (1,3
      bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea) inhibits breast cancer cell growth.
AB  - Superoxide dismutases (SODs) have been found to decrease tumor formation and
      angiogenesis. SOD gene therapy, as with many other gene transfer strategies, may
      not completely inhibit tumor growth on its own. Thus, concomitant therapies are
      necessary to completely control the spread of this disease. We hypothesized that
      intratumoral injection of AdSOD in combination with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1
      nitrosourea (BCNU) chemotherapy would synergistically inhibit breast cancer
      growth. Our data indicate that BCNU when combined with SOD overexpression
      increased oxidative stress as suggested by elevated glutathione disulfide (GSSG)
      production in one of three breast cancer cell lines tested, at least in part due
      to glutathione reductase (GR) inactivation. The increased oxidative stress caused
      by BCNU combined with adenovirally expressed SODs, manganese or copper zinc SOD,
      decreased growth and survival in the three cell lines tested in vitro, but had
      the largest effect in the MDA-MB231 cell line, which showed the largest amount of
      oxidative stress. Delivery of MnSOD and BCNU intratumorally completely inhibited
      MDA-MB231 xenograft growth and increased nude mouse survival in vivo. Intravenous
      (iv) BCNU, recapitulating clinical usage, and intratumoral AdMnSOD delivery, to
      provide tumor specificity, provided similar decreased growth and survival in our
      nude mouse model. This cancer therapy produced impressive results, suggesting the
      potential use of oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitory treatments for breast
      cancer patients.

PMID- 18155675
TI  - Plasma glucosylceramide and ceramide in type 1 Gaucher disease patients:
      correlations with disease severity and response to therapeutic intervention.
AB  - The concentrations of plasma glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and ceramide (Cer) were
      determined in a cohort of type 1 Gaucher disease patients. In plasma of untreated
      patients, GlcCer concentrations were on average 3-fold increased (median Gaucher:
      17.5 nmol/ml, range: 6.5-45.5 (n=27); median control: 5.9 nmol/ml, range 4.0-8.6
      (n=15)). Although plasma Cer concentrations were not significantly different
      between the two groups (median Gaucher: 7.2 nmol/ml, range: 4.2-10.9 (n=27);
      median control: 7.8 nmol/ml, range 5.7-11.9 (n=15)) in individual patients plasma
      GlcCer/Cer ratio yields slightly better discrimination between Gaucher disease
      patients and normal individuals than the GlcCer levels. Positive correlations
      were detected between plasma GlcCer concentration and GlcCer/Cer ratio and
      severity of disease, plasma chitotriosidase and CCL18, surrogate markers of
      storage cells. Gaucher disease is treated by enzyme replacement and substrate
      reduction therapy. Both therapies were found to result in decreases in plasma
      GlcCer already within 6 months, without causing abnormal plasma GlcCer or Cer
      concentrations. The corrections in plasma GlcCer were most robust in patients
      with a pronounced clinical response. In conclusion, plasma GlcCer concentration
      and GlcCer/Cer ratio is of value to monitor Gaucher disease manifestation and
      response to therapeutic intervention.

PMID- 18155674
TI  - New trends for metal complexes with anticancer activity.
AB  - Medicinal inorganic chemistry can exploit the unique properties of metal ions for
      the design of new drugs. This has, for instance, led to the clinical application
      of chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment, such as cisplatin. The use of
      cisplatin is, however, severely limited by its toxic side-effects. This has
      spurred chemists to employ different strategies in the development of new metal
      based anticancer agents with different mechanisms of action. Recent trends in the
      field are discussed in this review. These include the more selective delivery
      and/or activation of cisplatin-related prodrugs and the discovery of new non
      covalent interactions with the classical target, DNA. The use of the metal as
      scaffold rather than reactive centre and the departure from the cisplatin
      paradigm of activity towards a more targeted, cancer cell-specific approach, a
      major trend, are discussed as well. All this, together with the observation that
      some of the new drugs are organometallic complexes, illustrates that exciting
      times lie ahead for those interested in 'metals in medicine'.

PMID- 18155676
TI  - Simultaneous refolding, purification and immobilization of xylanase with multi
      walled carbon nanotubes.
AB  - Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were used as refolding aid for xylanase unfolded
      with 8 M urea. The hydrophobic surface of the nanotubes enabled the binding,
      refolding, purification and simultaneous immobilization of the enzyme. While 55%
      activity could be regained while working with the denatured form of a purified
      preparation of xylanase, 92% activity could be obtained with the commercial
      preparation of xylanase in 8 M urea. These activities were obtained with refolded
      xylanase bound to the carbon nanotubes. Hence an immobilization efficiency of
      0.92 was observed. The FT-IR spectroscopy showed that alpha-helical content of
      xylanase decreased from 17% to 14%, beta-sheet content increased from 53% to 61%
      and beta-turns decreased from 20% to 15% upon immobilization on the nanotubes.
      The refolded xylanase molecule bound to the carbon nanotube gave various
      secondary structure contents very similar to the bound (to carbon nanotubes)
      native xylanase.

PMID- 18155677
TI  - The DRE/DREF transcriptional regulatory system: a master key for cell
      proliferation.
AB  - The coordinate expression of many cell proliferation-related genes is required
      for the cellular shift from the resting state into the proliferating state. One
      regulatory factor involved in this process, the transcription regulatory factor
      named DREF (DNA replication-related element-binding factor) was discovered in
      Drosophila and later found to have orthologues in other species including human.
      Drosophila DREF is a homo-dimer of a polypeptide of 709 amino acid residues, and
      shares about 22% identity in its amino acid sequence with the human homolog of
      694 amino acid residues. The Drosophila DREF homo-dimer binds specifically to the
      DRE sequence (5'-TATCGATA) in the promoters of many DNA replication/ cell
      proliferation-related genes to activate their transcription, and the N-terminal
      region of DREF carries a domain for specific DRE-binding and homo-dimer
      formation. Ectopic expression of DREF in eye imaginal discs induces abnormal DNA
      synthesis, apoptosis and failure to differentiate. Conversely, expression of the
      dominant negative N-terminal region in larval salivary glands reduces endo
      replication. Furthermore, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of DREF in vivo
      demonstrated its requirement for normal progression through the cell cycle and
      consequently for growth of imaginal discs and the endoreplicating organs. Both
      Drosophila and human DREF's interact genetically and physically with regulatory
      factors related to chromatin structures, suggesting that DREF activates the
      expression of proliferation-related genes through modification of the 3-D
      conformation of DNA. A search of the Drosophila genome database identified about
      150 genes carrying DRE sequences in their promoter regions, many of which are
      related to reactions required for cell proliferation such as DNA replication,
      transcriptional regulation, cell cycle regulation, growth signal transduction and
      protein metabolism. Thus, DREF appears to be a master key-like factor for cell
      proliferation. Several differentiation-related transcription factors containing
      homeodomains down-regulate the function or expression of DREF by distinct
      mechanisms, suggesting a differentiation-coupled repression of cell proliferation
      via the DRE/DREF system.

PMID- 18155678
TI  - The effects of cortisol increase on long-term memory retrieval during and after
      acute psychosocial stress.
AB  - In this study the effects of stress-induced cortisol increases on long-term
      memory retrieval during and after acute psychosocial stress were examined.
      Seventy male students were exposed to either a psychosocial stress task or to a
      non-stressful control task. During and after this task, retrieval was tested for
      idiosyncratic emotionally negative and neutral word pair associations that were
      learned 1 day or 5 weeks earlier. Within the stress condition, retrieval of
      negative words, 5 weeks after learning, was impaired both during and after the
      stress task compared to the control group. Further, during the stress task, when
      sympathetic activity was enhanced, impaired retrieval of both neutral and
      emotional words was significantly related to enhanced cortisol response. In
      contrast, after the stress task, when cortisol levels were still increased but
      sympathetic activity was low again, no association was found between cortisol
      increase and retrieval of either neutral or emotional material. These results are
      in line with the previous animal research showing that when arousal is high,
      cortisol increase can impair memory retrieval.

PMID- 18155680
TI  - Glucosylceramide synthase decrease in frontal cortex of Alzheimer brain
      correlates with abnormal increase in endogenous ceramides: consequences to
      morphology and viability on enzyme suppression in cultured primary neurons.
AB  - Abnormal increase in native long-chain ceramides (lcCer) in AD implicates roles
      in neuronal atrophy and cognitive dysfunction especially in view of divergent
      roles this second messenger plays in cell function. Since clearance is mediated
      by glucosylceramide synthase (GCS, EC 2.4.1.80) levels of the enzyme were
      compared for 18 samples of AD Brodmann area 9/10 frontal cortex with 11 age
      matched controls. Western analysis for (ir)GCS showed a significant decrease in
      AD brain (p<0.01) consistent with the hypothesis that enzyme dysfunction
      contributes to neuronal decay. To examine kinetics and consequences to
      morphology, cerebellar granule cells were treated in vitro with d-threo-P4 (P4).
      This potent inhibitor of GCS induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase
      in lcCer parallel to loss of viability and dramatic changes in neuron/neurite
      morphology via caspase-independent pathways distinct from those of apoptosis or
      necrosis. Fluorescent labeling with NBD-sphingolipids or immunostaining with anti
      synaptic or cytoskeletal markers showed unusual formation of globular swellings
      along neurites rich in synaptophysin that may resemble formation of dystrophic
      neurites in AD. Effects of the inhibitor were verified by changes in lcCer mass
      and turnover of (14)[C]-acetate and -galactose or NBD-labeled anabolic products.
      Addition of a panel of inhibitors of other pathways confirms GCS as the major
      route for clearance in the present model. Pretreatment with GM(1) whose turnover
      is compromised was protective and pointed to useful therapeutic applications by
      supplementing existing membrane stores prior to GSC dysfunction.

PMID- 18155681
TI  - Variant synthetic pathway to glucuronic acid-containing di- and trisaccharide
      thioglycoside building blocks for continued synthesis of Cryptococcus neoformans
      capsular polysaccharide structures.
AB  - An alternative pathway to glucuronic acid-containing di- and trisaccharide
      thioglycoside building blocks, suitable for the synthesis of Cryptococcus
      neoformans capsular polysaccharide structures, has been developed. As opposed to
      our earlier synthesis, this approach features the introduction of the glucuronic
      acid motif at the di- and trisaccharide level through oxidation of a glucose
      residue. This approach circumvents problems encountered in glycosylations with
      glucuronic acid donors and benzylation of glucuronic acid-containing derivatives.
      Selective protection of primary alcohols was obtained at the di- and
      trisaccharide stage using TBDMS or trityl protecting groups, respectively. After
      benzylation of the secondary hydroxyl groups and subsequent removal of the TBDMS
      or trityl group, oxidation of the free primary alcohols to carboxylic acids was
      performed in high yield using the TEMPO-BAIB reagent mixture, which does not tend
      to oxidize thioglycosides. The new approach requires a number of extra steps, but
      has proven to be more reliable and easily reproducible.

PMID- 18155679
TI  - Altered vesicular glutamate transporter expression in the anterior cingulate
      cortex in schizophrenia.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe mental illness with profound
      emotional and economic burdens for those afflicted and their families. An
      increasing number of studies have found that schizophrenia is marked by
      dysregulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission. While numerous studies have
      found alterations of postsynaptic molecules in schizophrenia, a growing body of
      evidence implicates presynaptic factors. Vesicular glutamate transporters
      (VGLUTs) have been identified and are known to package glutamate into vesicles in
      the presynaptic terminal for subsequent release into the synaptic cleft. Recent
      studies have shown that VGLUTs regulate synaptic activity via the amount of
      glutamate released. Accordingly, we hypothesized that VGLUTs are altered in
      schizophrenia, contributing to dysfunction of presynaptic activity. METHODS:
      Using in situ hybridization and Western blot analysis, we investigated
      alterations in VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 transcript and protein expression in the
      anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of
      subjects with schizophrenia and a comparison group. RESULTS: We found increased
      VGLUT1 transcript and reduced VGLUT1 protein expression in the ACC, but not
      DLPFC, in schizophrenia. Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 was unchanged at both
      levels of gene expression. We did not find changes in VGLUT1 messenger RNA (mRNA)
      or protein levels following 28-day treatment of rats with haloperidol (2
      mg/kg/day), suggesting that our findings in schizophrenia are not due to an
      effect of antipsychotic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our data suggest
      decreased glutamate release in the ACC, as well as discordant regulation of
      VGLUT1 expression at different levels of gene expression.

PMID- 18155682
TI  - Synthesis of an anthrose derivative and production of polyclonal antibodies for
      the detection of anthrax spores.
AB  - A straightforward synthesis of a derivative of anthrose, the non-reducing
      terminal fragment of the antigenic tetrasaccharide from Bacillus anthracis, was
      achieved starting from d-galactose. This hapten is able to induce a highly
      specific and sensitive immune response in rabbit when attached to a carrier
      protein.

PMID- 18155683
TI  - Towards the synthesis of new benzimidazolone derivatives with surfactant
      properties.
AB  - New water-soluble benzimidazolone derivatives were synthesized. In the first
      approach, di-N-glycosyl and mono-N-alkyl-N-glycosyl compounds were obtained by
      grafting C-6-activated glycosides onto benzimidazolone. In the second approach,
      benzimidazolone derivatives bearing a glucosyl unit were synthesized using an
      efficient glycosylation method. Every compound structure was confirmed by means
      of NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The preliminary surfactant properties
      of some compounds were evaluated.

PMID- 18155684
TI  - MALDI-QTOFMS/MS identification of glycoforms from the urine of a CDG patient.
AB  - Identification of single glycoconjugate components in a complex mixture from the
      urine of a patient suffering from a congenital disorder of glycosylation was
      probed by MALDIMS analysis on a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight instrument. In
      negative ion mode, complex maps containing more than 50 ionic species were
      obtained and a number of molecular ions directly as-signed using a previously
      developed computer-assisted algorithm. To confirm the data and determine the
      carbohydrate sequence, single molecular ions were selected and submitted to
      fragmentation experiments. Interpretation of fragmentation spectra was also
      assisted by the soft-ware using alignment with spectra generated in silico.
      According to fragmentation data, the majority of glycoconjugate ionic species
      could be assigned to free oligosaccharides along with ten species tentatively
      assigned to glycopeptides. Following this approach for glycan identification by a
      combination of MALDI-QTOFMS and MS/MS experiments, computer-assisted assignment
      and fragment analysis, data for a potential glycan data base are produced. Of
      high benefit for this approach are two main factors: low sample consumption due
      to the high sensitivity of ion formation, and generation of only singly charged
      species in MALDIMS allowing interpretation with-out any deconvolution. In this
      experimental set-up, sequencing of single components from the MALDI maps by low
      energy CID followed by computer-assisted assignment and data base search is
      proposed as a most efficient strategy for the rapid identification of complex
      carbohydrate structures in clinical glycomics.

PMID- 18155685
TI  - Opposing roles of RNA receptors TLR3 and RIG-I in the inflammatory response to
      double-stranded RNA in a Kaposi's sarcoma cell line.
AB  - Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is strongly associated with KS herpes virus infection, and
      inflammation plays an important role in this disease. We have shown that human KS
      biopsy-derived SLK cells, which are of endothelial origin and form KS-like tumors
      in nude mice, express the viral RNA pattern recognition receptors Toll-like
      receptor 3 (TLR3), retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I), and melanoma
      differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). Furthermore, SLK cells have enhanced
      release of IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), RANTES (CCL5), and IP-10 (CXCL10) proteins in
      response to the synthetic viral RNA analog poly(I:C). SiRNA knockdowns
      demonstrated that TLR3 mediates this inflammatory response to poly(I:C) in SLK
      cells. Furthermore, knockdown of the RNA receptor RIG-I resulted in enhanced
      chemokine release, in a TLR3 pathway-dependent manner. Thus, exposure of KS cells
      to viral RNA ligands can result in a TLR3-mediated increase in the secretion of
      inflammatory proteins associated with KS cell growth that may contribute to
      disease.

PMID- 18155687
TI  - Determination of the membrane permeability characteristics of Pacific oyster,
      Crassostrea gigas, oocytes and development of optimized methods to add and remove
      ethylene glycol.
AB  - In order for cryopreservation to become a practical tool for aquaculture,
      optimized protocols must be developed for each species and cell type. Knowledge
      of a cell's osmotic tolerance and membrane permeability characteristics can
      assist in optimized protocol development. In this study, these characteristics
      were determined for Pacific oyster oocytes and modified methods for loading and
      unloading ethylene glycol (EG) were tested. Oocytes were found to behave as ideal
      osmometers and their osmotically inactive fraction (V(b)) was calculated to be
      0.48. Oocytes exposed to NaCl solutions of 0.6 to 2.3 Osm fertilized at rates
      equivalent to oocytes left in seawater. This corresponds to volume changes of
      +27.3 and -38.1+/-1.2%. The permeability of the oocytes to water (L(p)) was
      determined to be 3.8+/-0.4 x 10(-2), 5.7+/-0.8 x 10(-2), and 13.2+/-1.3 x 10(-2)
      microm min(-1)atm(-1), when measured at temperatures of 5, 10 and 20 degrees C.
      The respective EG permeability values (P(s)) were 9.5+/-0.1 x 10(-5), 14.6+/-1.2
      x 10(-5), and 41.7+/-2.4 x 10(-5) cm min(-1). The activation energies for L(p)
      and P(s) were determined to be 14.5 and 17.5 kcal mol(-1), respectively.
      Different models for EG loading and unloading from oocytes were developed and
      tested. Post-thaw fertilization did not differ significantly between a published
      step addition method and single step addition at 20 degrees C. This represents a
      considerable reduction in handling. The results of this study demonstrate that
      the cryobiological characteristics of a given cell type should be taken into
      account when developing cryopreservation methods.

PMID- 18155686
TI  - Changing ratios of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids can differentially modulate
      polychlorinated biphenyl toxicity in endothelial cells.
AB  - Exposure to persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls
      (PCBs) can cause endothelial cell (EC) activation by inducing pro-inflammatory
      signaling pathways. Our previous studies indicated that linoleic acid (LA, 18:2),
      a major omega-6 unsaturated fatty acid in the American diet, can potentiate PCB77
      mediated inflammatory responses in EC. In addition, omega-3 fatty acids (such as
      alpha-linolenic acid, ALA and 18:3) are known for their anti-inflammatory
      properties. We tested the hypothesis that mechanisms of PCB-induced endothelial
      cell activation and inflammation can be modified by different ratios of omega-6
      to omega-3 fatty acids. EC were pretreated with LA, ALA, or different ratios of
      these fatty acids, followed by exposure to PCB77. PCB77-induced oxidative stress
      and activation of the oxidative stress sensitive transcription factor nuclear
      factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) were markedly increased in the presence of LA and
      diminished by increasing the relative amount of ALA to LA. Similar protective
      effects by increasing ALA were observed by measuring NF-kappaB-responsive genes,
      such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).
      COX-2 catalyzes the rate limiting step of the biosynthesis of prostaglandin E(2)
      (PGE(2)). PCB77 exposure also increased PGE(2) levels, which were down-regulated
      with relative increasing amounts of ALA to LA. The present studies suggest that
      NF-kappaB is a critical player in the regulation of PCB-induced inflammatory
      markers as modulated by omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids.

PMID- 18155688
TI  - Comet assay of fresh and cryopreserved bull spermatozoa.
AB  - In this study, we describe DNA fragmentation of fresh and cryopreserved bull
      spermatozoa using the comet assay. Cryopreservation caused a significant but low
      (3.8%) decrease in the percentage of DNA in the comet head and an increase (5.3%)
      in the tail length. Our results suggest that in addition to motility and
      viability, low levels of DNA fragmentation after cryopreservation is a
      characteristic of bull spermatozoa and can be a part of remarkable cryoresistance
      of bull spermatozoa.

PMID- 18155689
TI  - A spatial bias for the origins of interneuron subgroups within the medial
      ganglionic eminence.
AB  - Although it is well established that the ventral telencephalon is the primary
      source of GABAergic cortical interneurons in rodents, little is known about the
      specification of specific interneuron subtypes. It is also unclear whether the
      potential to achieve a given fate is established at their place of origin or by
      signals received during their migration to or during their maturation within the
      cerebral cortex. Using both in vivo and in vitro transplantation techniques, we
      find that two major interneuron subgroups have largely distinct origins within
      the MGE. Somatostatin (SST)-expressing interneurons are primarily generated
      within the dorsal MGE, while parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons primarily
      originate from the ventral MGE. In addition, we show that significant
      heterogeneity exists between gene expression patterns in the dorsal and ventral
      MGE. These results suggest that, like the spinal cord, neuronal fate
      determination in the ventral telencephalon is largely the result of spatially
      segregated, molecularly distinct microdomains arranged on the dorsal-ventral
      axis.

PMID- 18155691
TI  - Effects of pentoxifylline and its metabolites on platelet aggregation in whole
      blood from healthy humans.
AB  - It is known that pentoxifylline inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro, but the
      effects from pentoxifylline and its main metabolites: 3,7-dimetyl-1(5
      hydroxyhexyl)xanthine (R-M1 and S-M1), 3,7-dimetyl -1(4-carboxybutyl)xanthine
      (M4), 3,7-dimetyl -1(3-carboxypropyl)xanthine (M5), on platelet aggregation in
      whole blood in vitro and in vivo have not been studied. We found that
      pentoxifylline, rac-M1, R-M1, S-M1 and M4 significantly inhibit ADP induced
      platelet aggregation in whole blood in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner,
      R-M1 being the most potent followed by rac-M1, S-M1, pentoxifylline, and M4. In
      this series of experiments the effects on aggregation induced ATP-release were
      less pronounced and were only significant after treatment with pentoxifylline,
      rac-M1 and R-M1, but the potency order appears to be the same. Since the
      metabolites are not available for use in humans, and also since each substance
      would be extensively metabolised in vivo, we made an attempt to estimate the
      relative contribution of each substance to the total effect of pentoxifylline in
      vivo. Previously published concentrations of pentoxifylline and these metabolites
      in humans, after administration of pentoxifylline, were used in combination with
      the potency ratios from this study. The findings from these calculations were
      that the main effect in vivo comes from S-M1 followed by pentoxifylline, the
      other metabolites contribute less than 10% each. IN CONCLUSION: in the following
      potency order R-M1, rac-M1, pentoxifylline, S-M1 and M4 all have significant
      effects on platelet aggregation in whole blood in vitro. However, it appears that
      the main effects in vivo are caused by S-M1 and pentoxifylline.

PMID- 18155690
TI  - pdx-1 function is specifically required in embryonic beta cells to generate
      appropriate numbers of endocrine cell types and maintain glucose homeostasis.
AB  - The pdx1 gene is essential for pancreatic organogenesis in humans and mice; pdx1
      mutations have been identified in human diabetic patients. Specific inactivation
      of pdx1 in adult beta cells revealed that this gene is required for maintenance
      of mature beta cell function. In the following study, a Cre-lox strategy was used
      to remove pdx1 function specifically from embryonic beta cells beginning at late
      gestation, prior to islet formation. Animals in which pdx1 is lost in insulin
      producing cells during embryogenesis had elevated blood glucose levels at birth
      and were overtly diabetic by weaning. Neonatal and adult mutant islets showed a
      dramatic reduction in the number of insulin(+) cells and an increase in both
      glucagon(+) and somatostatin(+) cells. Lineage tracing revealed that excess
      glucagon(+) and somatostatin(+) cells did not arise by interconversion of
      endocrine cell types. Examination of mutant islets revealed a decrease in
      proliferation of insulin-producing cells just before birth and a concomitant
      increase in proliferation of glucagon-producing cells. We propose that pdx1 is
      required for proliferation and function of the beta cells generated at late
      gestation, and that one function of normal beta cells is to inhibit the
      proliferation of other islet cell types, resulting in the appropriate numbers of
      the different endocrine cell types.

PMID- 18155692
TI  - Role of K+ and Ca2+ fluxes in the cerebroarterial vasoactive effects of
      sildenafil.
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess the role of K(+) and Ca(2+) fluxes in the
      cerebroarterial vasoactive effects of the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor
      sildenafil. We used isolated rabbit basilar arteries to assess the effects of
      extracellular K(+) raising on sildenafil-induced vasodilatation, and studied the
      pharmacological interaction of sildenafil with selective modulators of membrane
      K(+) and Ca(2+) channels. Expression of Kv1 subunits of K(+) channels was
      assessed at messenger and protein levels. Parallel experiments were carried out
      with zaprinast for comparison. Sildenafil (10 nM-0.1 mM) induced concentration
      dependent relaxation of endothelin-1 (10 nM)-precontracted arteries, which was
      partially inhibited by depolarization with KCl (50 mM), 3 mM tetraethylammonium
      (non-selective K(+) channel blocker) or 1 mM aminopyridine (inhibitor of K(v)
      channels), but not by 1 microM glibenclamide (inhibitor of K(ATP) channels) or 50
      nM iberiotoxin (inhibitor of K(Ca) channels). Arterial smooth muscle expressed
      messengers for Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Kv1.4, Kv1.5 and Kv1.6, and proteins of Kv1.1, Kv1.2
      and Kv1.4. CaCl(2) (10 microM- 10 mM) induced concentration-dependent contraction
      in Ca(2+)-free, depolarizing (50 mM KCl) medium. Sildenafil (0.1-100 microM)
      produced reversible concentration-dependent inhibition of the response to
      CaCl(2), which was completely abolished by the highest sildenafil concentration.
      By contrast, only 100 microM zaprinast inhibited the response to CaCl(2). The L
      type Ca(2+) channel activator Bay K 8644 (0.1 nM-1 microM) induced concentration
      dependent potentiation of the response to CaCl(2) inhibited by 100 microM
      sildenafil. Moreover, Bay K 8644 (0.1 nM-1 microM) induced concentration
      dependent contraction in slightly depolarizing (15 mM) medium, which was
      inhibited to the same extent and in a concentration-dependent way by sildenafil
      (0.1-100 microM) and zaprinast (1 or 100 microM). These results show that
      sildenafil relaxes the rabbit basilar artery by increasing K(+) efflux through
      K(v) channels, which in turn may affect Ca(2+) signalling. Expression of Kv1
      subunits involved in this pharmacological effect occurs at the messenger and, in
      some cases, at the protein level. In addition to this phosphodiesterase-5-related
      effect, sildenafil and zaprinast inhibit cerebroarterial vasoconstriction at
      least in part by directly blocking L-type Ca(2+) channels, although a decrease in
      the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to Ca(2+) can not be discarded.

PMID- 18155693
TI  - Intrathecal high-dose histamine induces spinally-mediated nociceptive behavioral
      responses through a polyamine site of NMDA receptors.
AB  - Previous research has demonstrated that a high dose of histamine (1600 pmol)
      injected i.t. in mice can evoke nociceptive behaviors consisting of
      biting/licking along with occasional scratching. The present study was undertaken
      to examine the involvement of spinal N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and histamine
      H(1) and H(2) receptors in the nociceptive behaviors evoked by high-dose
      histamine. Co-administration of the histamine H(1) receptor antagonists, d
      chlorpheniramine and pyrilamine, or the histamine H(2) receptor antagonists,
      ranitidine and zolantidine, failed to suppress the histamine-evoked nociceptive
      behaviors. Moreover, following histamine administration, nociceptive behaviors in
      histamine H(1) receptor-knockout and histamine H(2) receptor-knockout mice were
      indistinguishable from those in wild-type mice, suggesting that histamine-induced
      nociceptive behaviors are not mediated through histamine H(1) and H(2) receptors
      in the spinal cord. The histamine-induced nociceptive behaviors were inhibited by
      co-administration of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonists, d-(-)-2-amino-5
      phosphonovaleric acid (D-APV) and 3-((+)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1
      phosphonic acid (CPPA), and the ion channel blocker, (5R,10S)-(+)-5-methyl-10,11
      dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801). Co
      administration of ifenprodil, an antagonist for both the polyamine site and the
      NR2B subunit of NMDA receptors, also inhibited the histamine-induced nociceptive
      behaviors. (R-[R, S])-alpha-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-beta-methyl-4-(phenylmethyl)-1
      piperidinepropanol hydrochloride (Ro25-6981), an antagonist of the NMDA receptor
      subtype containing the NR2B subunit, did not inhibit histamine-induced
      nociceptive behaviors, whereas these behaviors were attenuated by pretreatment
      with an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against the mRNA for the NR1 subunit of
      the NMDA receptor. Moreover, agmatine and arcaine, antagonists for a polyamine
      site on the NMDA receptor, inhibited nociceptive behaviors induced by histamine.
      These results suggest that a polyamine site on spinal NMDA receptors is involved
      in eliciting the nociceptive behavioral episode following intrathecal injection
      of histamine.

PMID- 18155694
TI  - The effects of physiological and pharmacological weight loss on adiponectin and
      leptin mRNA levels in the rat epididymal adipose tissue.
AB  - In subjects with obesity, diabetes and coronary artery disease, circulating
      levels of leptin increased while that of adiponectin is decreased. In this study
      we have investigated effects of physiological and pharmacological weight
      reduction on leptin and adiponectin mRNA expression. Wistar rats were fed either
      standard laboratory chow for 16 weeks (chow-fed) or given a fat-enriched, glucose
      enriched diet (diet-fed) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, diet-fed group was
      subdivided into three subgroups, namely, an untreated obese, or were returned to
      chow diet, or treated with fenofibrate for further 8 week. After 16 weeks,
      compared with chow-fed group, diet-fed rats had significantly higher body weight,
      epididymal fat pad mass, and plasma levels of insulin, leptin, adiponectin, non
      esterified fatty acids and triglycerides (P<0.001, for all). Moreover, untreated
      obese rats had significantly (P<0.01, for both) raised levels of Ob mRNA but
      reduced adiponectin mRNA levels in epididymal fat pads compared with chow-fed
      group. These changes were corrected by chronic removal of the high-energy diet
      and fenofibrate treatment. These findings indicate that physiological or
      pharmacological lowering of body weight together with circulating plasma lipids
      play a significant role in leptin and adiponectin synthesis and metabolism.

PMID- 18155695
TI  - Behavioral effects of amphetamine in streptozotocin-treated rats.
AB  - Experimentally-induced diabetes can modify the behavioral and neurochemical
      effects of drugs acting on dopamine systems, possibly through insulin-related
      regulation of dopamine transporter activity. In this study, several behavioral
      procedures were used to examine possible changes in sensitivity to amphetamine
      and other drugs in rats rendered diabetic by a single injection of
      streptozotocin. Conditioned place preference developed to food (Froot Loops) in
      both control and diabetic rats, demonstrating that conditioned place preference
      with tactile stimuli can occur in streptozotocin-treated rats. Baseline
      locomotion was lower in streptozotocin-treated as compared to control rats,
      although amphetamine significantly increased locomotion in all rats. Conditioned
      place preference developed to amphetamine regardless of whether rats had received
      streptozotocin or saline. A second study compared the potency of drugs to
      decrease lever pressing maintained by food, before and after streptozotocin
      treatment. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate and amphetamine were less potent after
      streptozotocin while the potency of raclopride, quinpirole, ketamine, haloperidol
      and cocaine was not significantly changed by streptozotocin. While markedly
      affecting locomotion, body weight and blood glucose, streptozotocin only modestly
      affected sensitivity to the behavioral effects of amphetamine and other drugs;
      these results fail to confirm previous reports of decreased behavioral actions of
      stimulants in diabetic rats.

PMID- 18155696
TI  - Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors fluvoxamine and paroxetine restore forced
      exercise-induced temperature dysregulation in ovariectomized mice.
AB  - Hot flushes are one of the most frequent symptoms in menopausal women. Selective
      serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered to be first-line therapy for
      the treatment of hot flushes in women for whom hormone therapy is
      contraindicated. Recently, we have proposed forced exercise-induced flushing of
      tail skin in ovariectomized mice as a new experimental model of temperature
      dysregulation in menopausal hot flushes. In the present study, to validate this
      animal model as a tool for testing potential compounds for the treatment of
      menopausal hot flushes, we examined the effects of two SSRIs (fluvoxamine and
      paroxetine) on forced exercise-induced flushing of tail skin in ovariectomized
      mice, and compared it with that of estradiol replacement (1 mg/kg/week for 3
      weeks, i.m.). Treatment with fluvoxamine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or paroxetine (10
      mg/kg, i.p.) completely inhibited forced exercise-induced flushing of tail skin
      in ovariectomized mice, and the effect of each was comparable to that of
      estradiol replacement. It is believed that the present findings provide the first
      experimental evidence to support the anti-flushing effects of SSRIs, such as
      fluvoxamine and paroxetine, in a clinical setting. An animal model with forced
      exercise probably serves as a useful experimental tool for evaluating the effects
      of different agents on hot flushes.

PMID- 18155697
TI  - Functional role of beta 1 integrin-mediated signalling in the human hair
      follicle.
AB  - Integrins are transmembrane adhesion proteins that convey critical topobiological
      information and exert crucial signalling functions. In skin and hair follicle
      biology, beta1 integrins and their ligands are of particular interest. It is not
      yet known whether beta1 integrins play any role in the regulation of human hair
      growth and the expression pattern of beta1 integrin in the human pilosebaceous
      unit remains ill-defined. Here, we show that pilosebaceous immunoreactivity for
      beta1 integrin is most prominent in the outermost layer of the outer root sheath
      and the surrounding connective tissue sheath of human scalp hair follicles in
      situ and in vitro. Sites of beta1 integrin immunoreactivity co-express
      fibronectin and tenascin-C. Contrary to previous reports, beta1 integrin
      immunoreactivity in situ was not significantly upregulated in the human bulge
      region. Functionally, two beta1 integrin-activating antibodies (12G10, TS2/16)
      and ligand-mimicking RGD peptides promoted the growth of microdissected, organ
      cultured human scalp hair follicles in vitro and inhibited spontaneous hair
      follicle regression. This supports the concept that beta1 integrin-mediated
      signalling is also important in human hair growth control. The physiologically
      relevant organ culture assay employed here is a potential research tool for
      exploring whether targeted stimulation of beta1 integrin-mediated signalling is a
      suitable candidate for human hair loss management.

PMID- 18155698
TI  - Histomonas meleagridis: immunohistochemical localization of parasitic cells in
      formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of experimentally infected
      turkeys demonstrates the wide spread of the parasite in its host.
AB  - In the present investigation, a polyclonal antibody-based immunohistochemical
      technique was developed to localize Histomonas meleagridis in formalin-fixed,
      paraffin-embedded tissues of experimentally infected turkeys. The developed
      technique was highly specific for histomonads as no immunohistochemical reaction
      was observed with cultures of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum, Trichomonas gallinae
      and Blastocystis sp. In addition, tissues positive for various other protozoan
      parasites and fungi were also tested to evaluate the specificity of the
      technique. It was possible to detect immunohistochemically histomonad antigens in
      all the tested samples (n=5) of caecum, liver, spleen and lung from infected
      turkeys, 3 out of 5 bursa of Fabricius, 1 out of 2 bone marrow, 2 out of 5 heart
      and 1 out of 5 each of proventriculus, pancreas and cerebellum. An
      immunohistochemical reaction indicative of presence of histomonads was also
      detected in blood vessels of various organs that indicated a possible
      hematogenous route of spread of the parasite in the host. A comparative study
      with routine diagnostic staining techniques indicated a high sensitivity and
      specificity of the newly developed immunohistochemical technique. Altogether, the
      technique developed can be used to study the sequential pathogenesis of
      histomonosis in turkeys and to obtain new insights into the mechanisms of
      interaction with the host tissues.

PMID- 18155699
TI  - Sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial activity in men with
      varicocele.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To verify the impact of varicocele on semen quality and sperm function
      (DNA integrity and mitochondrial activity). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING:
      Patients in an academic research environment. PATIENT(S): Seventeen patients with
      a clinical diagnosed varicocele of grade II or III and 20 men without a
      varicocele. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Rate of sperm DNA fragmentation as assessed
      by the Comet assay and categorized as classes I (no DNA fragmentation), II
      (little DNA fragmentation), III (meaningful DNA fragmentation), and IV (high DNA
      fragmentation). Rate of mitochondrial activity as assessed by the
      diaminobenzidine (DAB) assay and categorized as grades I (all mitochondria
      active), II (most mitochondria active), III (most mitochondria inactive), and IV
      (all mitochondria inactive). RESULT(S): No statistically significant differences
      were found between the study and control groups with respect to age, ejaculatory
      abstinence, and round cell count. Men with varicocele had significantly higher
      ejaculate volume, concentration of immotile sperm, and neutrophil count and lower
      mean percentage of sperm concentration, progressive motility, and morphology than
      men in the control group. The study group presented a lower percentage of sperm
      with little DNA fragmentation (class II) and a higher percentage of sperm with
      DNA fragmentation (class IV). In addition, the study group presented a greater
      percentage of sperm with inactive mitochondria (class III). CONCLUSION(S):
      Compared with men without varicocele, men with varicocele had a higher percentage
      of cells with DNA fragmentation and sperm with inactive mitochondria. Indeed,
      varicocele causes a decrease in motility, concentration, and morphology and an
      increase in volume and concentration of immotile sperm and neutrophils. The sperm
      functional evaluation (DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial activity) could be
      important factors in deciding treatment options for men with varicocele.

PMID- 18155700
TI  - Influencing factors of adhesion development and the efficacy of adhesion
      preventing agents in patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy as evaluated by
      a second-look laparoscopy.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors influencing the development of adhesions after
      laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) and the efficacy of adhesion-preventing agents.
      DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized study. SETTING: University-affiliated hospital.
      PATIENT(S): Three hundred seventy-two patients who underwent LM alone by the same
      surgeon between 2000 and 2005 were included for the analysis in this study.
      INTERVENTION(S): Video tape recording was performed during the second-look
      laparoscopy (SLL) to evaluate the postoperative uterine wound adhesions and
      adhesions around the uterine adnexa. Statistical workup was conducted using
      logistic regression analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Evaluation of adhesions at
      the uterine wound and of de novo adhesions of the uterine adnexa by SLL.
      RESULT(S): The SLL revealed uterine surgical wound adhesions in 141 patients
      (37.9%) and de novo adhesions of the uterine adnexa in 33 patients (8.9%). The
      results of analysis to determine the factors influencing the development of
      postoperative adhesions revealed that the diameter of the largest myoma, number
      of myomas, and type of adhesion-preventing agent used (except for fibrin sheath,
      which had no effect) influenced the incidence of postoperative adhesions at the
      surgical wound, but only the diameter of the largest myoma influenced the
      incidence of de novo adhesions of the uterine adnexa. CONCLUSION(S): Development
      of surgical wound adhesions after LM can be prevented by the use of an
      appropriate adhesion-preventing agent.

PMID- 18155701
TI  - Pregnancy outcomes after uterine artery occlusion: prospective multicentric
      study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the reproductive outcomes after laparoscopic uterine artery
      occlusion (LUAO) and uterine artery embolization (UAE) in women with symptomatic
      fibroids. DESIGN: Prospective, clinical multicentric study. SETTING: Endoscopic
      center in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at a hospital in the Czech
      Republic. PATIENT(S): Thirty-eight pregnant women after LUAO and 20 pregnant
      women after UAE. INTERVENTION(S): Laparoscopic uterine artery occlusion and UAE.
      MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy, abortion, preterm delivery, and live-birth
      rates. RESULT(S): Pregnancies after uterine embolization had a statistically
      significantly higher rate for spontaneous abortion (56%) than did pregnancies
      after surgical uterine artery occlusion (10.5%). The risk of malpresentation
      (20%) and the rate for cesarean section (80%) after UAE similarly were higher
      than was the risk after laparoscopic occlusion; however, these differences were
      not statistically significant. Also, there were no significant differences
      between the groups in preterm deliveries (15.3% in the LUAO group vs. 20% in the
      UAE group). CONCLUSION(S): Pregnancies of women who were treated with uterine
      embolization were at significantly increased risk for spontaneous abortion when
      compared with pregnancies of women treated with LUAO.

PMID- 18155702
TI  - An advanced flexible laparoscope with wide optic angle for observing
      diaphragmatic lesions associated with catamenial pneumothorax.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore diaphragmatic lesions that are potentially associated with
      catamenial pneumothorax by using an advanced flexible laparoscope with wide optic
      angle. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENT(S): A 30-year
      old woman who was scheduled for thoracoscopic surgery because of recurrent right
      sided catamenial pneumothorax. INTERVENTION(S): The peritoneal surface of the
      diaphragm was explored with an advanced flexible laparoscope that was equipped
      with a charge-coupled device on the tip, concurrently with thoracoscopic surgery.
      MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Lesions associated with endometriosis on the peritoneal
      surface of the posterior diaphragm abutting the posterior abdominal wall and
      liver. RESULT(S): When the flexible laparoscope was inserted via an umbilical
      trocar and the peritoneal surface of the right-sided diaphragm was explored,
      guided by illumination from the thoracoscope, scattered specific lattice lesions
      and fenestrations were identified in the central tendon of the posterior
      diaphragm, a region that cannot be visualized with the conventional rigid
      laparoscope. CONCLUSION(S): By using the flexible laparoscope, endometriotic
      lesions potentially related to catamenial pneumothorax were identified on the
      posterior diaphragm.

PMID- 18155703
TI  - Corpus luteum across the first trimester: size and laterality as observed by
      ultrasound.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study the site and size of the corpus luteum (CL) across the first
      trimester of pregnancy. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study of 1,806
      ultrasound scans performed at 5 to 9 (+6 d) weeks' gestation, as well as a
      prospective study (n = 313) performed at 10 to 13 (+6 d) weeks' gestation.
      SETTING: Four ultrasound practices across Victoria, Australia. PATIENT(S): Two
      thousand one hundred nineteen pregnant women. INTERVENTION(S): Transvaginal
      ultrasound. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Side and size (diameter) of the CL.
      RESULT(S): At 5 to 9 weeks' gestation, the mean CL diameter was 19.3 mm, with no
      statistically significant variation across each gestational week. Corpus luteum
      size then statistically significantly declined at 10 to 13 weeks' gestation, with
      a mean diameter of 16.85 mm. Of 237 women in whom both ovaries were visualized at
      10 to 13 weeks' gestation, a CL was seen in 82% of cases. A statistically
      significant right-sided bias was observed in both groups (54% at 5-9 wk
      gestation, 56% at 10-13 wk). CONCLUSION(S): The CL remains static in size across
      5 to 9 weeks' gestation, then its size declines or it disappears from 10 to 13
      weeks. A novel right-sided ovulation bias occurs in human beings.

PMID- 18155705
TI  - Caspase 3 activation in human spermatozoa in response to hydrogen peroxide and
      progesterone.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of calcium signaling on apoptosis evoked by the
      reactive oxygen species H2O2 and by the physiological agonist P in human
      ejaculated spermatozoa. DESIGN: Laboratory study. SETTING: Center for assisted
      human reproduction in a hospital in Spain. PATIENT(S): Forty-five healthy
      volunteers. INTERVENTION(S): Spermatozoa were treated with increasing
      concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 10 microM, 100 microM, and 1 mM) or
      with 20 microM of P for 5-120 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Activation of
      caspase-3 and -9 as well as phosphatidylserine externalization were examined in
      human ejaculated spermatozoa by fluorescence methods. RESULT(S): Hydrogen
      peroxide and P induced activation of caspase-3 and -9. In addition, the effect of
      H2O2 and P was time dependent. Dimethyl-1,2-bis (aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'
      tetraacetic acid loading was able to inhibit H2O2- and P-induced caspase-3
      activation and phosphatidylserine externalization. Pretreatment of spermatozoa
      with Ru360, to block the calcium uptake into mitochondria, also was able to
      decrease the activation of caspase-3 and phosphatidylserine exposure that was
      stimulated by either H2O2 or P. CONCLUSION(S): These findings suggest that H2O2-
      and P-induced mitochondrial apoptosis is dependent on calcium signaling.

PMID- 18155704
TI  - Effect of mifepristone on the expression of endometrial secretory leukocyte
      protease inhibitor in new medroxyprogesterone acetate users.
AB  - The effect of mifepristone on the expression of secretory leukocyte protease
      inhibitor (SLPI) in the endometrium of women using depot medroxyprogesterone
      acetate (DMPA) was investigated in this randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The
      study showed that the administration of DMPA led to a substantial inhibition of
      endometrial SLPI protein and mRNA, and that the addition of mifepristone to DMPA
      exposed endometrium partially restored the expression of glandular SLPI.

PMID- 18155706
TI  - Circulating anti-follicle-stimulating hormone immunoglobulin A in women: a sperm
      prone reaction of mucosal tolerance?
AB  - Antibodies against follicle-stimulating hormone (anti-FSH) are present in
      infertile female sera. Follicle-stimulating hormone as antigen is present in
      female sera and introduced to the genital tract mucosa as a constituent of semen.
      The female immune system is activated by semen constituents during insemination
      to induce mucosal tolerance. We found that circulating anti-FSH IgA correlated
      with IgA against sperm surface antigens in female patients undergoing IVF. Our
      results suggest that anti-FSH and anti-sperm IgA could share antigenic origin,
      being induced possibly by mucosal tolerance to semen.

PMID- 18155707
TI  - Substitution of aspartic acid at position 57 of the DQbeta1 affects relapse of
      autoimmune pancreatitis.
AB  - BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) responds well to
      corticosteroid therapy, relapse during maintenance corticosteroid therapy or
      after the withdrawal of corticosteroid treatment is not uncommon. To date, the
      factors related to relapse of AIP have not been fully explored. METHODS: To
      determine the clinical and genetic predictors relating to the relapse of AIP, we
      evaluated clinical factors, HLA polymorphisms, and the amino acid sequences in 40
      patients with AIP. RESULTS: At a median follow-up period of 40 months (range, 12
      67 months), relapse developed in 13 of 40 patients with AIP (33%), in whom
      complete remission was achieved with oral corticosteroid therapy. Among
      demographics, clinical characteristics in the initial diagnosis of AIP, we could
      not find any clinical predictor for relapse of AIP; however, in amino acid
      sequence analysis for relapse of AIP, the substitution of aspartic acid to
      nonaspartic acid at residue 57 of DQbeta1 showed a significant association with
      relapse of AIP (nonrelapse group, 29.6%; relapse group, 100%; P = .00003; odds
      ratio, 3.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-6.0). There was a significant
      difference in the timing of relapse of AIP, according to density of the
      nonaspartic acid residue at DQbeta1 57 (nonaspartic acid homozygosity: mean +/-
      SD, 6.7 +/- 4.2 months; nonaspartic acid heterozygosity: mean +/- SD, 33 +/- 11
      months; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Substitution of aspartic acid to nonaspartic acid
      at DQbeta1 57 appears to represent a key genetic factor for relapse of AIP
      (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00444444).

PMID- 18155709
TI  - Improved resistance to serum oxidation in Gilbert's syndrome: a mechanism for
      cardiovascular protection.
AB  - Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant, however, uncertainty surrounds its
      physiological importance. Individuals with Gilbert's syndrome (GS) have increased
      circulating bilirubin and a reduced prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
      The aim of this study was to investigate mechanisms that may link bilirubin to
      protection from CVD seen in GS by examining markers of antioxidant and oxidative
      stress status and the susceptibility of serum to oxidation. Nine individuals with
      GS and twelve controls, matched for age, height and weight, were assessed for
      plasma antioxidant status, red blood cell antioxidant enzyme activities, plasma
      malondialdehyde, the susceptibility of serum to copper (Cu(2+)) induced oxidation
      and blood lipid profile. Individuals with GS had significantly elevated
      unconjugated bilirubin (GS: 26.0+/-6.4; control: 9.7+/-3.0 micromol/L; P<0.001),
      increased trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (GS: 1.59+/-0.07; control:
      1.52+/-0.07 mmol/L trolox Equ; P=0.035) and ferric reducing ability of plasma
      (GS: 1.09+/-0.16; control: 0.92+/-0.14 mmol/L Fe(2+) Equ; P=0.024). The lag phase
      of serum oxidation was significantly longer in the GS group (GS: 121.4+/-10.5;
      control: 106.8+/-14.6 min; P=0.020) and was positively correlated with the
      bilirubin concentration (r=0.451, P=0.040). A trend toward elevated HDL:LDL ratio
      was observed in GS (GS 0.96+/-0.31; control: 0.73+/-0.21; P=0.072). In summary,
      individuals with GS have an increased circulating antioxidant status and an
      improved resistance to serum oxidation which may partially explain their reduced
      prevalence of CVD.

PMID- 18155708
TI  - Protein kinase C theta plays a fundamental role in different types of chronic
      colitis.
AB  - BACKGROUND & AIMS: Dysregulated host/microbial interactions induce the
      development of colitis by activating deleterious acquired immune responses.
      Activation of CD4(+) T cells is mainly induced through signaling machinery
      associated with immunologic synapse (IS). A key molecule associated with the IS
      is protein kinase C (PKC) theta. However, the role of PKCtheta in the
      pathogenesis of colitis has not fully been defined. METHODS: The role of PKCtheta
      for the acquired-immune responses involved in the development of different types
      of colitis (CD45RB model, T-cell receptor [TCR] alpha knockout [KO] mice and
      interleukin [IL]-2KO mice) was examined by generating double KO mice and by
      utilizing cell transfer approaches. RESULTS: Adoptive transfer of PKCtheta
      deficient naive CD4(+) T cells failed to induce T helper cell (Th) 1-mediated
      colitis in the immune-deficient host (CD45RB model). Development of Th2-mediated
      colitis in TCRalphaKO mice was also inhibited by the absence of PKCtheta. In IL
      2KO mice, which develop colitis because of dysregulated T-cell homeostasis,
      deficiency of PKCtheta in CD4(+) T cells failed to induce the development of
      severe colitis. Interestingly, absence of PKCtheta led to a remarkable decrease
      in the proliferation, but not apoptosis, of colonic memory CD4(+) T cells. This
      impaired proliferation resulted in a marked decrease in the colonic CD4(+) T
      cells that are capable of producing IL-17. In addition, deficiency of PKCtheta
      inhibited the production of Th2 cytokines by colonic CD4(+) T cells. CONCLUSIONS:
      PKCtheta serves as a common and fundamental signaling molecule in the development
      of different types of colitis and may represent an attractive target for treating
      inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 18155710
TI  - Separation of amino acid enantiomers VIA chiral derivatization and non-chiral gas
      chromatography.
AB  - Two GC-MS methods for the enantioselective separation of the 20 proteinogenic
      amino acids are compared. Ethyl chloroformate and 2-chloropropanol were used to
      derivatize amino acid enantiomers. The diastereomers formed were separated on a
      non-chiral column by capillary gas chromatography. The separation performances
      were compared to those obtained when using non-chiral derivatization on a chiral
      column.

PMID- 18155711
TI  - Ionic liquids in separation techniques.
AB  - The growing interest in ionic liquids (ILs) has resulted in an exponentially
      increasing production of analytical applications. The potential of ILs in
      chemistry is related to their unique properties as non-molecular solvents: a
      negligible vapor pressure associated to a high thermal stability. ILs found uses
      in different sub-disciplines of analytical chemistry. After drawing a rapid
      picture of the physicochemical properties of selected ILs, this review focuses on
      their use in separation techniques: gas chromatography (GC), liquid
      chromatography (LC) and electrophoretic methods (CE). In LC and CE, ILs are not
      used as pure solvents, but rather diluted in aqueous solutions. In this situation
      ILs are just salts. They are dual in nature. Too often the properties of the
      cations are taken as the properties of the IL itself. The lyotropic theory is
      recalled and the effects of a chaotropic anion are pointed out. Many results can
      be explained considering all ions present in the solution. Ion-pairing and ion
      exchange mechanisms are always present, associated with hydrophobic interactions,
      when dealing with IL in diluted solutions. Chromatographic and electrophoretic
      methods are also mainly employed for the control and monitoring of ILs. These
      methods are also considered. ILs will soon be produced on an industrial scale and
      it will be necessary to develop reliable analytical procedures for their analysis
      and control.

PMID- 18155712
TI  - Optimisation of a gas chromatographic method for trace gaseous impurities in
      nitrogen trifluoride by column sequence reversal.
AB  - Highly reactive fluorinated gaseous matrices require special equipment and
      techniques for the gas chromatographic analysis of trace impurities in these
      gases. The impurities that were analysed at the low mg/L levels included dioxygen
      (O2), dinitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur
      hexafluoride (SF6), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Carbon tetrafluoride
      (CF4) is also present in the product at levels of 20-400mg/L and had to be
      analysed as well. This paper compares the use of a custom-built dual-channel gas
      chromatograph utilising single column back flush switching on one channel for the
      determination of O2, N2, CH4 and CO with column sequence reversal on a second
      channel for the determination of CO2, N2O, SF6 and CF4 to a similar system using
      a combination of dual-column back flush and heart-cut configurations. Pulsed
      discharge helium ionisation detectors were used on both channels in both
      configurations.

PMID- 18155713
TI  - Linear solvation energy relationships of anionic dimeric surfactants in micellar
      electrokinetic chromatography II. Effect of the length of a hydrophilic spacer.
AB  - Anionic dimeric surfactants with hydrophilic spacers containing two to six oxygen
      atoms were synthesized and applied as pseudostationary phases in micellar
      electrokinetic chromatography. Their selectivity was determined via linear
      solvation energy relationships. There were no differences in cohesiveness,
      polarizability or dipolarity with increasing spacer length, but there was a clear
      trend in increasing hydrogen bond accepting ability, and a concomitant decrease
      in hydrogen bond donating ability. The different selectivity of these dimeric
      surfactants compared to sodium dodecylsulfate can be useful for optimizing
      separations of mixtures of solutes for which these types of interactions are
      important. Their critical micelle concentrations were in the range of 0.2-0.3mM,
      except for the surfactant with the shortest spacer (<0.03 mM), and are much lower
      than those of conventional surfactants used in micellar electrokinetic
      chromatography.

PMID- 18155714
TI  - Analysis of basic compounds by reversed-phase liquid chromatography-electrospray
      mass spectrometry in high-pH mobile phases.
AB  - The separation of basic compounds in high-pH mobile phases results in extended
      retention, excellent peak shapes and good chromatographic efficiency. A severe
      decrease in sensitivity with electrospray mass spectrometric detection in
      positive ion mode (ESI+-MS) is expected under conditions that suppress analyte
      ionization in solution. We compared the responses of a large number of various
      basic drugs covering a wide range of hydrophobic (log P 0.09 to 7.6) and basic
      character (pKa 6.8-10) in LC-ESI+-MS/MS in 0.1% formic acid in water and
      acetonitrile, to responses in 10mM ammonium hydrogencarbonate buffers of
      different pH (7.8-11), and acetonitrile. Contrary to common expectations, high-pH
      mobile phases do not affect negatively the responses of basic compounds in ESI+.
      Analyte responses and limits of detection are comparable, or most often better in
      high pH compared to acidic mobile phases.

PMID- 18155715
TI  - Adsorption of alpha amino acids at the water/goethite interface.
AB  - The adsorption of amino acids onto mineral surfaces plays an important role in a
      wide range of areas, e.g., low-temperature aqueous geochemistry, bone formation
      and protein-bone interactions. In this work, the adsorption of three alpha
      aminoacids (sarcosine, MIDA and EDDA) onto goethite (alpha-FeOOH) was studied as
      a function of pH and background electrolyte concentration at 25.0 degrees C, and
      the molecular structures of the surface complexes formed were analyzed by means
      of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed that adsorption of alpha amino acids
      were strongly dependent on the functionality and structure of the ligands. No
      adsorption was detected for the zwitterionic sarcosine indicating that simple
      alpha amino acids without other ionizable and/or functional groups display
      insignificant affinity for mineral surfaces such as goethite. With respect to the
      more complex amino acids, which are surface reactive, the number and relative
      positions of carboxylate and amine groups determine the types of surface
      interactions. These interactions range from non-specific outer-sphere to specific
      inner-sphere interactions as shown by the MIDA and EDDA results, respectively.
      The results presented herein suggest that isomerically-selective adsorption might
      only occur for amino acids that are capable of specific surface interactions,
      either through site-specific hydrogen bonding or inner-sphere complexation.

PMID- 18155717
TI  - In situ synthesis of surfactant/silane-modified hydrotalcites.
AB  - In this study, anionic surfactant and silane-modified hydrotalcites were
      synthesized through a soft chemical in situ method. The resulting materials were
      characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution thermogravimetric
      analysis (HRTG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission
      electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption
      desorption. The Mg-Al hydrotalcite (LDH) and the only surfactant-modified
      hydrotalcite (LDH-2) display similar XRD patterns while both surfactant and
      silane-modified hydrotalcite (LDH-3) show two distinct series of reflections,
      corresponding to hydrotalcite and smectite-like materials, respectively. The
      smectite-like materials show a series of regular (001) reflections with d
      001=12.58 A. Further supporting evidence was obtained from FTIR and TG, for
      example, the vibration at 1198 cm(-1) corresponds to SiOSi-stretching mode and
      the mass loss at ca. 861 degrees C to dehydroxylation. In LDH-2, the loaded
      surfactants are located in both the interlayer space and the interparticle pores
      with a "house of cards" structure as supported by FTIR, TG, and N2 adsorption
      desorption isotherms. Both electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) micrographs and N2
      adsorption-desorption isotherms show that in situ modification with surfactant
      and silane has a significant influence on the morphology and porous parameters of
      the resulting hydrotalcite materials.

PMID- 18155716
TI  - Application of the Polanyi potential theory to phthalates adsorption from aqueous
      solution with hyper-cross-linked polymer resins.
AB  - The adsorption equilibria of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP)
      on two hyper-cross-linked polymer resins (NDA-99 and NDA-150) in aqueous solution
      were investigated at 298 K. And a coal-based granular activated carbon (AC-750)
      was chosen for comparison. All the adsorption equilibrium data of DMP were well
      fitted by the Polanyi-based isotherm modeling (Polanyi-Manes (PM) equation), and
      the characteristic curves of the three adsorbents were obtained. It is noteworthy
      that a reasonably good agreement was obtained between the combined micropore and
      mesopore volume of adsorbents and the corresponding adsorption volume capacity
      for phthalates. Compared to the granular activated carbon (AC-750), the greater
      adsorption performances of the two resins (NDA-99 and NDA-150) were assumed to
      result from their more abundant micro- and mesopore structure, where phthalates
      can be intensively adsorbed by pore-filling mechanism. According to the exponent
      b value of the PM equation, NDA-99 and NDA-150 show the more micro- and mesopore
      heterogeneity than AC-750. On the other hand, the functional groups on the
      adsorbent surfaces did not take a notable effect on the adsorption equilibria of
      phthalates. The theory equilibrium adsorption amounts of DEP, predicted by the
      specific characteristic curve of each adsorbent, agree well with the experimental
      ones, respectively. The characteristic curve of hyper-cross-linked polymer resins
      and its prediction of phthalates adsorption calculated by Polanyi-based isotherm
      modeling have a potential applicability for field applications.

PMID- 18155718
TI  - EXAFS studies on adsorption irreversibility of Zn(II) on TiO2: temperature
      dependence.
AB  - Adsorption irreversibility of Zn(II) on TiO2 at various temperatures was studied
      using a combination of classical macroscopic methods and extended X-ray
      absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. When the temperature was
      increased from 5 to 40 degrees C, the Zn(II) adsorption capacity increased by
      130%, and adsorbed Zn(II) became more reversible. The standard Gibbs free energy
      change (DeltaG 0) of the adsorption reaction at 5, 20, and 40 degrees C was
      determined to be -19.58+/-0.30, -22.28+/-0.10, and -25.14+/-0.21 kJ mol(-1),
      respectively. And the standard enthalpy (DeltaH 0) and entropy (DeltaS 0) were
      24.55+/-2.91 kJ mol(-1) and 159.13+/-0.53 J mol(-1)K(-1), respectively. EXAFS
      spectra results showed that the hydrated Zn(II) was adsorbed through fourfold
      coordination with an average ZnO bond distance of 1.98+/-0.01 A. Two ZnTi atomic
      distances of 3.25+/-0.02 and 3.69+/-0.03 A were observed, which corresponded to
      an edge-sharing linkage mode (strong adsorption) and a corner-sharing linkage
      mode (weak adsorption), respectively. As the temperature increased from 5 to 40
      degrees C, the number of strong adsorption sites (N1) remained relatively
      constant while the number for the weak adsorption sites (N2) increased by 31%.
      These results indicate that the net gain in adsorption capacity and the decreased
      adsorption irreversibility at elevated temperatures were due to the increase in
      available weak adsorption sites (N2) or the decrease in the ratio of N1/N2. Both
      the macroscopic sorption/desorption equilibrium data and the molecular level
      evidence of this study suggest that in a given environmental system (e.g., soils
      or natural waters) zinc and other similar heavy metals are likely more mobile at
      higher temperatures.

PMID- 18155719
TI  - Rumor mongering and remembering: how rumors originating in children's inferences
      can affect memory.
AB  - This study examined how rumors originating in 3- to 6-year-olds' causal
      inferences can affect their own and their peers' memories for a personally
      experienced event. This was accomplished by exposing some members of classrooms
      to contextual clues that were designed to induce inferences about the causes of
      two unresolved components of the event. After a 1-week delay, a substantial
      number of children who were exposed to the clues misremembered their inferences
      as actual experiences. Causal inferential memory errors were most pronounced
      among 5- and 6-year-olds. Also, many of the children whose classmates were
      exposed to the clues mistakenly incorporated their classmates' causal inferences
      into their own accounts, with 3- and 4-year-olds being most likely to make this
      error.

PMID- 18155720
TI  - Analysis of innate immune signal transduction with autocatalytic expression
      vectors.
AB  - Signalling pathways modulated by the family of IL-1/TLR receptors are central to
      innate immune responses. Novel components playing key regulatory roles in these
      pathways continue to be isolated. Here we describe the use of autocatalytic
      vectors for identifying critical components of these signalling pathways. The
      method was tested with a vector system where cDNA clones are expressed as EGFP
      fusion proteins, or in an IRES containing mRNA, combined with a transcription
      reporter. These constructs are placed under the control of an inducible promoter,
      responsive to activation of TIR receptors such as IL-1RI or TLR-4. cDNAs which
      activate the promoter will, when transcribed, form a positive feedback loop. We
      introduced TIR signalling pathway components into both types of vectors. The
      components tested regulated reporter (EGFP/luciferase) expression in both cases.
      Our data suggest that this type of system is capable of selective identification
      of components from signal transduction pathways once the promoter of a relevant
      inducible gene is identified from, for example, micro-array experiments.

PMID- 18155721
TI  - Cellular therapies for heart disease: unveiling the ethical and public policy
      challenges.
AB  - Cellular therapies have emerged as a potential revolutionary treatment for
      cardiovascular disease. Promising preclinical results have resulted in a flurry
      of basic research activity and spawned multiple clinical trials worldwide.
      However, the optimal cell type and delivery mode have not been determined for
      target patient populations. Nor have the mechanisms of benefit for the range of
      cellular interventions been clearly defined. Experiences to date have unveiled a
      myriad of ethical and public policy challenges which will affect the way
      researchers and clinicians make decisions for both basic and clinical research.
      Stem cells derived from embryos are at the forefront of the ethical and political
      debate, raising issues of which derivation methods are morally and socially
      permissible to pursue, as much as which are technically feasible. Adult stem
      cells are less controversial; however, important challenges exist in determining
      study design, cell processing, delivery mode, and target patient population.
      Pathways to successful commercialization and hence broad accessibility of
      cellular therapies for heart disease are only beginning to be explored.
      Comprehensive, multi-disciplinary and collaborative networks involving basic
      researchers, clinicians, regulatory officials and policymakers are required to
      share information, develop research, regulatory and policy standards and enable
      rational and ethical cell-based treatment approaches.

PMID- 18155722
TI  - Elucidation of the structural determinants responsible for the specific formation
      of heterodimeric Mxd1/Max b-HLH-LZ and its binding to E-box sequences.
AB  - The proteins of the Mxd family (formally known as Mad) are antagonists of the
      oncoprotein c-Myc. They compete with c-Myc for their obligate partner Max to
      prevent the c-Myc/Max heterodimer from binding to E-box sequences in the target
      gene promoters. In cancer cells, where Myc is overexpressed, the expression of
      Mxd proteins is usually insufficient or abrogated. However, the reintroduction of
      Mxd1 expression in these cells prevents growth and proliferation. While the
      antagonism of c-Myc functions by Mxd proteins is of potential relevance for the
      development of cancer treatment strategies, the structural determinants
      responsible for the specific heterodimerization between the Mxd and the Max b
      helix-loop-helix-leucine zippers are not fully understood. Moreover, whether the
      heterodimer is assembled on DNA or in the nucleoplasm prior to DNA binding is
      under debate. In this article, we demonstrate that Mxd1 D112a and Max N78a and
      H81d, which are located in the leucine zippers of the proteins, can dictate the
      specificity of heterodimerization and whether or not the Mxd1/Max/DNA complex
      forms. Our results also indicate that additional specific determinants exist in
      the helix-loop-helix domains of Max and Mxd1. Finally, we provide evidence that
      heterodimerization must precede DNA binding in vivo.

PMID- 18155723
TI  - Thiol compounds inhibit the formation of amyloid fibrils by beta 2-microglobulin
      at neutral pH.
AB  - Dialysis-related amyloidosis frequently develops in patients undergoing long-term
      hemodialysis, in which the major component of fibrils is beta(2)-microglobulin
      (beta2-m). To prevent the disease, it is important to stop the formation of
      fibrils. beta2-m has one disulfide bond, which stabilizes the native structure,
      and amyloid fibrils. Here, the effects of reductants (i.e., dithiothreitol and
      cysteine) on the formation of beta2-m amyloid fibrils were examined at neutral
      pH. Fibrils were generated by three methods: seed-dependent, ultrasonication
      induced, and salt-and-heat-induced fibrillation. Thioflavin T fluorescence,
      electron microscopy, and far-UV circular dichroism revealed that the addition of
      reductants significantly inhibits seed-dependent and ultrasonication-induced
      fibrillation. For salt-and-heat-induced fibrillation, where the solution of beta2
      m was strongly agitated, formation of amyloid fibrils was markedly reduced in the
      presence of reductants, although a small number of fibrils formed even after the
      reduction of the disulfide bond. The results suggest that reductants such as
      cysteine and dithiothreitol would be useful for preventing the formation of beta2
      m amyloid fibrils under physiological conditions.

PMID- 18155724
TI  - A Flexible peptide tether controls accessibility of a unique C-terminal RNA
      binding domain in leucyl-tRNA synthetases.
AB  - A unique C-terminal domain extension is required by most leucyl-tRNA synthetases
      (LeuRS) for aminoacylation. In one exception, the enzymatic activity of yeast
      mitochondrial LeuRS is actually impeded by its own C-terminal domain. It was
      proposed that the yeast mitochondrial LeuRS has compromised its aminoacylation
      activity to some extent and adapted its C terminus for a second role in RNA
      splicing, which is also essential. X-ray crystal structures of the LeuRS-tRNA
      complex show that the 60 residue C-terminal domain is tethered to the main body
      of the enzyme via a flexible peptide linker and allows interactions with the
      tRNA(Leu) elbow. We hypothesized that this short peptide linker would facilitate
      rigid body movement of the C-terminal domain as LeuRS transitions between an
      aminoacylation and editing complex or, in the case of yeast mitochondrial LeuRS,
      an RNA splicing complex. The roles of the C-terminal linker peptide for
      Escherichia coli and yeast mitochondrial LeuRS were investigated via deletion
      mutagenesis as well as by introducing chimeric swaps. Deletions within the C
      terminal linker of E. coli LeuRS determined that its length, rather than its
      sequence, was critical to aminoacylation and editing activities. Although
      deletions in the yeast mitochondrial LeuRS peptide linker destabilized the
      protein in general, more stable chimeric enzymes that contained an E. coli LeuRS
      C-terminal domain showed that shortening its tether stimulated aminoacylation
      activity. This suggested that limiting C-terminal domain accessibility to
      tRNA(Leu) facilitates its role in protein synthesis and may be a unique
      adaptation of yeast mitochondrial LeuRS that accommodates its second function in
      RNA splicing.

PMID- 18155725
TI  - The crystal structure of guamerin in complex with chymotrypsin and the
      development of an elastase-specific inhibitor.
AB  - Guamerin, a canonical serine protease inhibitor from Hirudo nipponia, was
      identified as an elastase-specific inhibitor and has potential application in
      various diseases caused by elevated elastase concentration. However, the
      application of guamerin is limited because it also shows inhibitory activity
      against other proteases. To improve the selectivity of guamerin as an elastase
      inhibitor, it is essential to understand the binding mode of the inhibitor to
      elastase and to other proteases. For this purpose, we determined the crystal
      structure of guamerin in complex with chymotrypsin at 2.5 A resolution. The
      binding mode of guamerin on elastase was explored from the model structure of
      guamerin/elastase. Guamerin binds to the hydrophobic pocket of the protease in a
      substrate-like manner using its binding loop. In order to improve the binding
      selectivity of guamerin to elastase, several residues in the binding loop were
      mutated and the inhibitory activities of the mutants against elastase and
      chymotrypsin were monitored. The substitution of the Met36 residue for Ala in the
      P1 site increased the inhibitory activity against elastase up to 14-fold, while
      the same mutant showed 7-fold decreased activity against chymotrypsin compared to
      the wild-type guamerin. Furthermore, the M36A guamerin mutant more effectively
      protected endothelial cells against cell damage caused by elastase than the wild
      type guamerin.

PMID- 18155726
TI  - Trapping of an acyl-enzyme intermediate in a penicillin-binding protein (PBP)
      catalyzed reaction.
AB  - Class A penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) catalyze the last two steps in the
      biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, a key component of the bacterial cell wall. Both
      reactions, glycosyl transfer (polymerization of glycan chains) and
      transpeptidation (cross-linking of stem peptides), are essential for
      peptidoglycan stability and for the cell division process, but remain poorly
      understood. The PBP-catalyzed transpeptidation reaction is the target of beta
      lactam antibiotics, but their vast employment worldwide has prompted the
      appearance of highly resistant strains, thus requiring concerted efforts towards
      an understanding of the transpeptidation reaction with the goal of developing
      better antibacterials. This goal, however, has been elusive, since PBP substrates
      are rapidly deacylated. In this work, we provide a structural snapshot of a
      "trapped" covalent intermediate of the reaction between a class A PBP with a
      pseudo-substrate, N-benzoyl-D-alanylmercaptoacetic acid thioester, which partly
      mimics the stem peptides contained within the natural, membrane-associated
      substrate, lipid II. The structure reveals that the D-alanyl moiety of the
      covalent intermediate (N-benzoyl-d-alanine) is stabilized in the cleft by a
      network of hydrogen bonds that place the carbonyl group in close proximity to the
      oxyanion hole, thus mimicking the spatial arrangement of beta-lactam antibiotics
      within the PBP active site. This arrangement allows the target bond to be in
      optimal position for attack by the acceptor peptide and is similar to the
      structural disposition of beta-lactam antibiotics with PBP clefts. This
      information yields a better understanding of PBP catalysis and could provide key
      insights into the design of novel PBP inhibitors.

PMID- 18155727
TI  - Human platelet 12-lipoxygenase, new findings about its activity, membrane binding
      and low-resolution structure.
AB  - Human platelet 12-lipoxygenase (hp-12LOX, 662 residues+iron nonheme cofactor) and
      its major metabolite 12S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid have been implicated in
      cardiovascular and renal diseases, many types of cancer and inflammatory
      responses. However, drug development is slow due to a lack of structural
      information. The major hurdle in obtaining a high-resolution X-ray structure is
      growing crystals, a process that requires the preparation of highly homogenous,
      reproducible and stable protein samples. To understand the properties of hp
      12LOX, we have expressed and studied the behavior, function and low-resolution
      structure of the hp-12LOX His-tagged recombinant enzyme and its mutants in
      solution. We have found that it is a dimer easily converted into bigger
      aggregates, which are soluble/covalent-noncovalent/reversible. The heavier
      oligomers show a higher activity at pH 8, in contrast to dimers with lower
      activity showing two maxima at pH 7 and pH 8, indicating the existence of two
      different conformers. In the seven-point C-->S mutant, aggregation is diminished,
      activity has one broad peak at pH 8 and there is no change in specificity.
      Truncation of the N(t)-beta-barrel domain (PLAT, residues 1-116) reduces activity
      to approximately 20% of that shown by the whole enzyme, does not affect regio- or
      stereospecificity and lowers membrane binding by a factor of approximately 2.
      "NoPLAT" mutants show strong aggregation into oligomers containing six or more
      catalytic domains regardless of the status of the seven cysteine residues tested.
      Time-of-flight mass spectrometry suggests two arachidonic acid molecules bound to
      one molecule of enzyme. Small angle X-ray scattering studies (16 A resolution,
      chi approximately 1) suggest that two hp-12LOX monomers are joined by the
      catalytic domains, with the PLAT domains floating on the flexible linkers away
      from the main body of the dimer.

PMID- 18155728
TI  - Folding and assembly of proteorhodopsin.
AB  - Proteorhodopsins (PRs), the recently discovered light-driven proton pumps, play a
      major role in supplying energy for microbial organisms of oceans. In contrast to
      PR, rhodopsins found in Archaea and Eukarya are structurally well characterized.
      Using single-molecule microscopy and spectroscopy, we observed the oligomeric
      assembly of native PR molecules and detected their folding in the membrane. PR
      showed unfolding patterns identical with those of bacteriorhodopsin and
      halorhodopsin, indicating that PR folds similarly to archaeal rhodopsins.
      Surprisingly, PR predominantly assembles into hexameric oligomers, with a smaller
      fraction assembling into pentamers. Within these oligomers, PR arranged into
      radial assemblies. We suggest that this structural assembly of PR may have
      functional implications.

PMID- 18155729
TI  - Mutational and energetic studies of Notch 1 transcription complexes.
AB  - Notch proteins constitute the receptors of a highly conserved signaling pathway
      that influences cell fate decisions both during development and in adulthood. A
      proteolytic cascade induced by ligand stimulation results in release of the
      intracellular Notch domain from the cell membrane, allowing it to enter the
      nucleus and form a complex with a DNA-bound transcription factor called CSL (CBF
      1/RBP-J kappa, Suppressor of Hairless, and Lag-1) and a coactivator of the
      Mastermind family. Assembly of this Notch nuclear complex is the key step in the
      transcriptional response to a Notch signal. In the studies reported here, we
      mapped residues important for the stabilization of this multiprotein-DNA complex
      using site-directed mutagenesis, determined the affinity of the three-domain form
      of CSL for its various partners, and investigated sources of cooperativity in
      complex formation by monitoring the influence of various components of the
      complex on the interactions of CSL with its other partners. Our findings are
      consistent with a model for complex assembly in which the RBP-J kappa-associated
      molecule domain of Notch increases the effective concentration of the ankyrin
      domain for its binding site on the Rel-homology region of CSL, enabling docking
      of the ankyrin domain and subsequent recruitment of the Mastermind-like
      coactivator.

PMID- 18155730
TI  - Islet amyloid polypeptide forms rigid lipid-protein amyloid fibrils on supported
      phospholipid bilayers.
AB  - Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) forms fibrillar amyloid deposits in the
      pancreatic islets of Langerhans of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and
      its misfolding and aggregation are thought to contribute to beta-cell death.
      Increasing evidence suggests that IAPP fibrillization is strongly influenced by
      lipid membranes and, vice versa, that the membrane architecture and integrity are
      severely affected by amyloid growth. Here, we report direct fluorescence
      microscopic observations of the morphological transformations accompanying IAPP
      fibrillization on the surface of supported lipid membranes. Within minutes of
      application in submicromolar concentrations, IAPP caused extensive remodeling of
      the membrane including formation of defects, vesiculation, and tubulation. The
      effects of IAPP concentration, ionic strength, and the presence of amyloid seeds
      on the bilayer perturbation and peptide aggregation were examined. Growth of
      amyloid fibrils was visualized using fluorescently labeled IAPP or thioflavin T
      staining. Two-color imaging of the peptide and membranes revealed that the
      fibrils were initially composed of the peptide only, and vesiculation occurred in
      the points where growing fibers touched the lipid membrane. Interestingly, after
      2-5 h of incubation, IAPP fibers became "wrapped" by lipid membranes derived from
      the supported membrane. Progressive increase in molecular-level association
      between amyloid and membranes in the maturing fibers was confirmed by Forster
      resonance energy transfer spectroscopy.

PMID- 18155731
TI  - Cell type-specific cleavage of nucleocapsid protein by effector caspases during
      SARS coronavirus infection.
AB  - The epidemic outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 was
      caused by a novel coronavirus (CoV), designated SARS-CoV. The RNA genome of SARS
      CoV is complexed by the nucleocapsid protein (N) to form a helical nucleocapsid.
      Besides this primary function, N seems to be involved in apoptotic scenarios. We
      show that upon infection of Vero E6 cells with SARS-CoV, which elicits a
      pronounced cytopathic effect and a high viral titer, N is cleaved by caspases. In
      contrast, in SARS-CoV-infected Caco-2 cells, which show a moderate cytopathic
      effect and a low viral titer, this processing of N was not observed. To further
      verify these observations, we transiently expressed N in different cell lines.
      Caco-2 and N2a cells served as models for persistent SARS-CoV infection, whereas
      Vero E6 and A549 cells did as prototype cell lines lytically infected by SARS
      CoV. The experiments revealed that N induces the intrinsic apoptotic pathway,
      resulting in processing of N at residues 400 and 403 by caspase-6 and/or caspase
      3. Of note, caspase activation is highly cell type specific in SARS-CoV-infected
      as well as transiently transfected cells. In Caco-2 and N2a cells, almost no N
      processing was detectable. In Vero E6 and A549 cells, a high proportion of N was
      cleaved by caspases. Moreover, we examined the subcellular localization of SARS
      CoV N in these cell lines. In transfected Vero E6 and A549 cells, SARS-CoV N was
      localized both in the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas in Caco-2 and N2a cells,
      nearly no nuclear localization was observed. In addition, our studies indicate
      that the nuclear localization of N is essential for its caspase-6-mediated
      cleavage. These data suggest a correlation among the replication cycle of SARS
      CoV, subcellular localization of N, induction of apoptosis, and the subsequent
      activation of caspases leading to cleavage of N.

PMID- 18155732
TI  - Angiogenesis in bone fracture healing: a bioregulatory model.
AB  - The process of fracture healing involves the action and interaction of many
      cells, regulated by biochemical and mechanical signals. Vital to a successful
      healing process is the restoration of a good vascular network. In this paper, a
      continuous mathematical model is presented that describes the different fracture
      healing stages and their response to biochemical stimuli only (a bioregulatory
      model); mechanoregulatory effects are excluded here. The model consists of a
      system of nonlinear partial differential equations describing the spatiotemporal
      evolution of concentrations and densities of the cell types, extracellular matrix
      types and growth factors indispensable to the healing process. The model starts
      after the inflammation phase, when the fracture callus has already been formed.
      Cell migration is described using not only haptokinetic, but also chemotactic and
      haptotactic influences. Cell differentiation is controlled by the presence of
      growth factors and sufficient vascularisation. Matrix synthesis and growth factor
      production are controlled by the local cell and matrix densities and by the local
      growth factor concentrations. Numerical simulations of the system, using
      parameter values based on experimental data obtained from literature, are
      presented. The simulation results are corroborated by comparison with
      experimental data from a standardised rodent fracture model. The results of
      sensitivity analyses on the parameter values as well as on the boundary and
      initial conditions are discussed. Numerical simulations of compromised healing
      situations showed that the establishment of a vascular network in response to
      angiogenic growth factors is a key factor in the healing process. Furthermore, a
      correct description of cell migration is also shown to be essential to the
      prediction of realistic spatiotemporal tissue distribution patterns in the
      fracture callus. The mathematical framework presented in this paper can be an
      important tool in furthering the understanding of the mechanisms causing
      compromised healing and can be applied in the design of future fracture healing
      experiments.

PMID- 18155733
TI  - Early responses of the left ventricle to pressure overload in Wistar rats.
AB  - The early events leading to the establishment of left ventricular hypertrophy
      associated to pressure overload (PO) are not well characterized. To explore these
      early events, aortic banding (AB) was performed in rats to induce left ventricle
      (LV) PO. Animals were sacrificed after 24, 48 h or 14 days. An echocardiogram was
      performed before the procedure and at sacrifice. LVs were preserved for the
      evaluation of fibrosis, angiotensin II (AT) receptors expression and stress
      related MAP kinases (ERK 1/2, JNK and p38) pathways. We observed that concentric
      LV hypertrophy was established after only 14 days. Collagen I and fibronectin
      gene expressions were decreased the first 2 days after AB induction whereas AT
      receptors mRNA levels were sharply increased. ERK 1/2 and JNK activities in LV
      homogenates were decreased 24 h after AB but came back to normal after 14 days.
      p38 activity however was stable during the period studied. We also evaluated the
      presence of two phosphorylated transcription factors related to JNK signaling
      pathway (ATF-2 and c-Jun) in cardiomyocyte nuclei. The proportion of LV cell
      nuclei positive for these two activated transcription factors was significantly
      reduced in AB rats compared to sham. These results suggest that the early
      response of the LV to acute PO is to attenuate the expression of some pro
      fibrotic and pro-hypertrophic signaling pathways and possibly AT signaling by
      decreasing ERK 1/2 and JNK relative activities.

PMID- 18155734
TI  - Simulating the migration of drifters deployed in the Bay of Biscay, during the
      Prestige crisis.
AB  - A main conclusion following the oil spill from the Prestige tanker was that
      improvements in ocean circulation models were necessary; this was in order to
      predict, more accurately, the trajectories followed by the oil slicks and hence
      assist in fight against oil pollution operations. In this contribution, the
      results of the validation of a semi-empirical ocean circulation model,
      parameterised for the Bay of Biscay and forced with operational oceano
      meteorological remote sensing observations, are shown. The model results have
      been validated with observations from drifting buoys, deployed in the Bay of
      Biscay during the crisis. The results show that the model explains a relatively
      large percentage of the current variability. The comparisons between the real and
      the estimated drifter trajectories indicate that for 3, 5 and 7 day-long
      trajectories, the drifter position is estimated with errors of approximately 23,
      35 and 46km, respectively. The model reproduces relatively well the trajectory
      followed by the drifter with the shortest period (23 days).

PMID- 18155735
TI  - Single neuron studies of inferior temporal cortex.
AB  - This paper reviews our experiments on the response properties of single neurons
      in inferior temporal (IT) cortex in the monkey that were carried out starting in
      1965. It describes situational factors that led us to find neurons sensitive to
      images of faces and hands and summarizes the basic sensory properties of IT
      neurons. Subsequent developments on the cognitive properties of IT neurons and on
      imaging the responses of human temporal cortex to facial images are outlined.
      Finally, this paper summarizes recent results on fMRI imaging of the responses of
      temporal cortex to facial images.

PMID- 18155736
TI  - Super-size me: Portion size effects on young children's eating.
AB  - Large portions of energy-dense foods are believed to favor obesity-promoting
      eating behaviors in young children. The following review presents evidence on
      food portion size effects on children's eating behavior and eating regulation,
      with comparison of findings to adult studies of portion size. Individual
      differences in children's susceptibility to portion size, particularly
      associations with weight status, are addressed. Finally, potential mechanisms of
      effects and strategies to offset the intake promoting effects of portion size are
      considered.

PMID- 18155737
TI  - Treatment of anorexia nervosa: insights and obstacles.
AB  - Anorexia nervosa is a behavioral disorder characterized by ego-syntonic self
      starvation, denial of illness and ambivalence towards treatment. Treatment
      refusal and drop-out rates are high and relapse is common. Treatment is best
      viewed as comprised of two phases, weight restoration and normalization of eating
      behavior followed by relapse prevention. Most patients verbalize a desire to
      change, however they seek treatment on their own terms, ideally with minimal or
      no weight gain. Successful treatment must therefore convince patients to overcome
      their drive to diet. Evidence-based data on treatment interventions for anorexia
      nervosa are scarce and methodological problems afflict the few published,
      controlled trials. Taken together, clinical expertise and data from correlational
      and controlled trials suggest that chronicity and adult status are associated
      with a worse prognosis. Outpatient family therapy is effective in weight
      restoring the majority of adolescent patients whereas older patients, or those
      with severe medical or psychiatric comorbidity, often require intensive treatment
      on an inpatient eating disorders behavioral specialty unit. Correlational data
      suggest that weight-restored patients are less likely to relapse. Despite
      limitations of the current knowledge-base, several new areas of research hold
      promise in elucidating risk factors, in identifying the pathophysiology that
      sustains anorectic behavior, and in developing more targeted and effective
      treatments.

PMID- 18155738
TI  - Age-series characteristics of locomotor activities in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats: a comparison with the Wistar-Kyoto strain.
AB  - This study was to investigate the behavioral specificities of spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR) and compare them with Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls using a
      1-year longitudinal study of locomotor activity. Rat locomotor activity was
      examined every week at 4-12 weeks of age and every month at 4-12 months of age
      using an Automated Digiscan Activity Monitor system. Six behavioral variables
      were collected and analyzed: horizontal activity (HA), total distance (TD),
      movement time (MT), vertical activity (VA), stereotypy count (SC), and margin
      time (MGT). In general, a significant weekly and monthly age-dependent change
      (p<0.01) in SHR was shown in the HA, TD, VA, SC and MT variables, whereas MGT
      showed no significant differences (p>0.05). However, except for the first
      observations, SHR was significantly hyperactive relative to WKY for HA, VA, TD,
      MT and SC (p<0.01) before 6 months of age. MGT in SHR were significantly lower
      than those of WKY (p<0.01) before 3 months of age. Only for VA, SHR was more
      hyperactive than WKY (p<0.01) and sustained for 12 months in age. From the
      present results, by extending the observations of locomotor activity testing from
      4 weeks to 12 months of life, we were able to observe an interesting strain
      difference between SHR and WKY in the development pattern of spontaneous activity
      levels.

PMID- 18155739
TI  - Synthesis and antimitotic activity of novel 2-methoxyestradiol analogs. Part III.
AB  - The syntheses and antimitotic activity of several novel analogs of 2
      methoxyestradiol are described. Structural modifications include ring-D
      homologation, aromatization of the six-membered ring-D to a chrysine type
      molecule, and introduction of unsaturation in five-membered ring-D along with
      substitution of alkyl and ethynyl groups for the 17beta-hydroxy function. Of nine
      analogs synthesized, five have demonstrated superior antiproliferative activities
      compared to 2-methoxyestradiol.

PMID- 18155740
TI  - Synthesis and antimitotic activity of novel 2-methoxyestradiol analogs--Part II.
AB  - The syntheses and antimitotic activity of several novel 18a-homo-analogs of 2
      methoxyestradiol are described. Structural modifications of the parent 2-methoxy
      18a-homoestradiol include introduction of unsaturation in the D-ring and
      methylation of the 17-OH. Of seven analogs synthesized, one has demonstrated
      superior biological activities compared to 2-methoxyestradiol. The relationship
      between biological activity and the conformational preference of the 13-ethyl
      group as determined by computational analysis is discussed.

PMID- 18155741
TI  - Formation of dimethylthioarsenicals in red blood cells.
AB  - The bladder and skin are the primary targets for arsenic-induced carcinogenicity
      in mammals. Thioarsenicals dimethylmonothioarsinic (DMMTA(V)) and
      dimethyldithioarsinic (DMDTA(V)) acids are common urinary metabolites, the former
      being much more toxic than non-thiolated dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) and
      comparable to dimethylarsinous acid (DMAIII) in epidermoid cells, suggesting that
      the metabolic production of thioarsenicals may be a risk factor for the
      development of cancer in these organs. To reveal their production sites
      (tissues/body fluids), we examined the uptake and transformation of the four
      dimethylated arsenicals by incubation with rat and human red blood cells (RBCs).
      Although DMA(V) and DMDTA(V) were not taken up by either type of RBCs, DMAIII and
      DMMTA(V) were taken up by both (more efficiently by rat ones), though DMMTA(V)
      was taken up slowly, and then the arsenic transformed into DMDTA(V) was excreted
      from both types of animal RBCs. On the other hand, although DMA(III) taken up
      rapidly by rat RBCs was retained in the RBCs, that taken up by human RBCs was
      immediately transformed into DMMTA(V) and then excreted into the incubation
      medium without being retained in the RBCs. In a separate experiment, arsenic
      remaining in primary rat hepatocytes after incubation with 1.5 microM DMAIII was
      recovered from the incubation medium in the forms of DMA(V) and DMMTA(V) in the
      presence of human RBCs, but not in the presence of rat RBCs (in which the arsenic
      was bound to hemoglobin). Thus, DMMTA(V) was detected in the medium only in the
      presence of human RBCs and increased with incubation time. It was proposed that
      arsenic is excreted from hepatocytes into the bloodstream in the form of DMAIII
      and then taken up by RBCs in humans, where it is transformed into DMMTA(V) and
      then excreted again into the bloodstream.

PMID- 18155742
TI  - One more probable structural transition in potato virus X virions and a revised
      model of the virus coat protein structure.
AB  - We found that a 2-h incubation of potato virus X (PVX) virions in 10 mM Tris-HCl
      buffer pH 7.5 at -20 degrees C results in a strong but reversible drop in virion
      stability. Under these conditions, the PVX virions are completely disrupted by
      low (starting from 50 mM) concentrations of LiCl and CaCl(2) but not of NaCl.
      Incubation of PVX samples with 0.05-2 M LiCl at +4 degrees C did not result in
      virion disassembly and the virions were not disrupted upon incubation at -20
      degrees C in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.5 without LiCl. We suggest that a 2-h
      incubation of the PVX virions at -20 degrees C in 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5 results
      in a structural transition in the virus particles. A revised model of the three
      dimensional organization of coat protein subunits in the PVX virions is proposed.
      This two-domain model explains better the high plasticity of the PVX CP
      structure.

PMID- 18155744
TI  - Effect of the filter feeder Daphnia on the particle size distribution of
      inorganic colloids in freshwaters.
AB  - To quantify the effect of the filter feeder Daphnia on the aggregation of mineral
      particles, temporal changes in the particle size distribution of inorganic
      colloids were experimentally determined both in the presence and in the absence
      of Daphnia in water samples of Lake Brienz, Switzerland, an oligotrophic lake
      rich in suspended inorganic colloids. The results obtained show that daphnids
      favour the aggregation of mineral colloids, but only for particle sizes above the
      Daphnia filter mesh size. However, the number concentration of particles smaller
      than the Daphnia filter mesh size simultaneously increases in the presence of the
      filter feeder, suggesting either the break-down of existing aggregates or the
      aggregation of particles with initial sizes below the measured size range. The
      density of daphnids in this lake is currently too low to have any significant
      effect on the fate of inorganic colloidal particles as compared with aggregation
      due to physical processes of particle collision. However, in more productive
      water bodies where Daphnia is more abundant, they may play a significant role.

PMID- 18155743
TI  - Analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 membrane proximal
      external region arrayed on hepatitis B surface antigen particles.
AB  - Vaccine immunogens derived from the envelope glycoproteins of the human
      immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that elicit broad neutralizing antibodies
      remain an elusive goal. The highly conserved 30 amino-acid membrane proximal
      external region (MPER) of HIV gp41 contains the hydrophobic epitopes for two rare
      HIV-1 broad cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies, 2F5 and 4E10. Both these
      antibodies possess relatively hydrophobic HCDR3 loops and demonstrate enhanced
      binding to their epitopes in the context of the native gp160 precursor envelope
      glycoprotein by the intimate juxtaposition of a lipid membrane. The hepatitis B
      surface antigen (HBsAg) S1 protein forms nanoparticles that can be utilized both
      as an immunogenic array of the MPER and to provide the lipid environment needed
      for enhanced 2F5 and 4E10 binding. We show that recombinant HBsAg particles with
      MPER (HBsAg-MPER) appended at the C-terminus of the S1 protein are recognized by
      2F5 and 4E10 with high affinity compared to positioning the MPER at the N
      terminus or the extracellular loop (ECL) of S1. Addition of C-terminal
      hydrophobic residues derived from the HIV-1 Env transmembrane region further
      enhances recognition of the MPER by both 2F5 and 4E10. Delipidation of the HBsAg
      MPER particles decreases 2F5 and 4E10 binding and subsequent reconstitution with
      synthetic lipids restores optimal binding. Inoculation of the particles into
      small animals raised cross-reactive antibodies that recognize both the MPER and
      HIV-1 gp160 envelope glycoproteins expressed on the cell surface; however, no
      neutralizing activity could be detected. Prime:Boost immunization of the HBsAg
      MPER particles in sequence with HIV envelope glycoprotein proteoliposomes (Env
      PLs) did not raise neutralizing antibodies that could be mapped to the MPER
      region. However, the Env-PLs did raise anti-Env antibodies that had the ability
      to neutralize selected HIV-1 isolates. The first generation HBsAg-MPER particles
      represent a unique means to present HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein neutralizing
      determinants to the immune system.

PMID- 18155745
TI  - Magnetic ion-exchange resin treatment: impact of water type and resin use.
AB  - Three raw waters of fundamentally different natural organic matter (NOM)
      character were treated by magnetic resin using a bench-scale method designed to
      mimic how the resin is used in continuous operation. Increasing water
      hydrophobicity resulted in reduced dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal with
      removal of 56%, 33% and 25% for waters containing 21%, 50% and 75% hydrophobic
      NOM, respectively. Study of consecutive resin uses showed that the NOM in the
      hydrophobic water had high affinity for the resin shown by DOC removal of 65%
      after the first use of the resin. This dropped to 25% DOC removal after 15
      consecutive resin uses. For the more hydrophilic waters, NOM removal remained
      consistent after each resin use. The hydrophobic sample contained higher MW NOM
      that was capable of blocking resin sites that prevented continual adsorption of
      organics on to the resin. The hydrophilic NOM containing a large proportion of
      hydrophilic acids was consistently removed to around 60%. The water containing
      algogenic-derived NOM was poorly removed by magnetic resin. Subsequent
      coagulation showed higher removal with increasing hydrophobicity.

PMID- 18155746
TI  - Pyrolysis of tetrabromobisphenol-A containing paper laminated printed circuit
      boards.
AB  - Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBA) is the most common brominated fire retardant. In
      this study, a TBBA containing paper laminated printed circuit board (PCB)
      prepared from novolac was pyrolysed by both TGA and in a quartz glass reactor
      between 40 and 1,000 degrees C. The products were online detected by MS. It was
      found that the PCB degraded in three steps. Step one (<270 degrees C) consisted
      of the evolution of water and CO(2) from the paper laminate. In the second step,
      between 270 and 370 degrees C, the fire retardant decomposed, releasing HBr and
      brominated aromatics. In the third step, at temperatures above 370 degrees C, the
      phenol resin decomposed and char was formed. Compared to pure TBBA, which mainly
      produces brominated phenols, the brominated products enclosed in the char
      released HBr during the last degradation step as well as during the second step.
      Most of the bromine left the resin in the form of HBr, with about 14% of the
      bromine being fixed in brominated aromatics and less than 2% remaining in the
      residue.

PMID- 18155747
TI  - Environmental fate and non-target impact of glyphosate-based herbicide (Roundup)
      in a subtropical wetland.
AB  - Mai Po Nature Reserve (Hong Kong) is an internationally important wetland for
      waterbirds. Roundup, a formulation based on glyphosate, has been used to control
      the widespread weeds within the reserve for many years but the fate and non
      target impact of the herbicide is unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, we applied
      Roundup by hand-held sprayer to an estuarine and a freshwater pond in the dry
      season of year 2002. The surface water and sediment were sampled routinely for
      glyphosate concentrations following one month of application. In situ bioassays
      using local edible fish species were performed along with the herbicide
      application. Up to 52% of glyphosate in the surface water was transported to the
      unapplied regions by wind-driven current in the estuarine pond at 1 DPT (day post
      treatment). For both ponds, glyphosate concentrations in the water decreased
      rapidly after 1-3 DPT, but then decreased gradually over time. Both physical
      adsorption to the bottom sediments and microbial degradation are thought to
      contribute to these decreases. Interestingly, the persistence of glyphosate in
      the freshwater pond was longer than in the estuarine system, which is likely due
      to the considerably higher concentrations of chelating metals (i.e. Cu and Fe)
      present in the sediment (4.5 and 11-fold higher, respectively) which potentially
      reduced the bioavailability of glyphosate to the microbial decomposers. Lastly,
      fishes used in the in situ bioassays (both in applied and unapplied areas) showed
      similar survival rates, indicating that the use of Roundup at the provided
      application rate posed no serious hazard.

PMID- 18155748
TI  - Probabilistic intake assessment of multiple compounds as a tool to quantify the
      nutritional-toxicological conflict related to seafood consumption.
AB  - Seafood represents a natural source of valuable nutrients (e.g., long chain omega
      3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs), vitamin D, and iodine), but the
      favourable health perception is troubled by the presence of contaminants (e.g.,
      PCBs, dioxin-like compounds, and (methyl) mercury (MeHg)). This dualism forms the
      basis for an important public health conflict. The objective of this study was to
      calculate and evaluate the simultaneous intake of multiple beneficial and harmful
      compounds (LC n-3 PUFAs, vitamin D, iodine, (Me)Hg, PCBs, and dioxin-like
      compounds) via seafood consumption in Belgium. A methodology and a software
      module were developed for executing probabilistic assessments of the simultaneous
      intake of multiple compounds leading to better insight in the problematic nature
      of food items involving both health benefits and risks. The simulations
      concerning seafood consumption in Belgium predicted that, as far as only seafood
      consumption is concerned, the considered populations do not reach a sufficiently
      high intake for the three nutrients considered (LC n-3 PUFAs, vitamin D, and
      iodine). Regarding the contaminants, (Me)Hg contamination of seafood on the
      Belgian market does not seem to be an issue of major toxicological concern. In
      contrast, for dioxin-like compounds the tolerable daily intake is reached by
      people with high seafood consumption.

PMID- 18155749
TI  - Levels of inorganic constituents in raw nuts and seeds on the Swedish market.
AB  - The levels of approximately 70 elements were determined in different culinary
      nuts (hazelnuts, walnuts, almonds, bitter almonds, pecans, cashews, Brazil nuts,
      pistachios, pine nuts, peanuts and coconuts) and seeds (pumpkin and sunflower)
      available on the Swedish market. The study was limited to raw, virtually
      unprocessed nuts and seeds (both shelled and unshelled) excluding mixed, roasted
      or salted products. In total, 44 products from different suppliers were analyzed,
      with the number of samples per nut/seed variety reflecting the availability of
      unprocessed products in retail outlets, varying from two for bitter almonds and
      pistachios to six for hazelnuts and walnuts. This selection includes samples from
      at least 11 different countries of origin. The optimized analytical procedure
      consists of microwave-assisted sample digestion using a HNO3/HF mixture, followed
      by multi-elemental analysis by double focusing, sector field inductively coupled
      plasma mass spectrometry. The analyses were accompanied by rigorous quality
      control measures including thorough control of potential sample contamination at
      all analytical stages, participation in inter-laboratory performance assessment
      schemes, and the analysis of certified reference materials of plant origin.
      Concentrations thus obtained were compared with data from product labels (where
      available), food composition tables and other relevant surveys, demonstrating,
      depending on the elements in question, close agreement as well as considerable
      differences.

PMID- 18155750
TI  - The influence of N load and harvest intensity on the risk of P limitation in
      Swedish forest soils.
AB  - Nitrogen (N) is often considered to be the major factor limiting tree growth in
      northern forest ecosystems. An increased N availability, however, increases the
      demand for other nutrients such as base cations and phosphorous (P) which in turn
      may change which nutrient is the limiting factor. If P or base cations become
      limiting, N will start to leach which means a risk of increased eutrophication of
      surface waters. As many studies focus on base cations, this study instead aims at
      estimating P budgets on a regional scale for different harvesting scenarios
      relevant for Swedish conditions. P budget calculations were carried out for
      14,550 coniferous sites from the Swedish National Forest Inventory, as
      weathering+deposition-harvesting-leaching. Three scenarios with different harvest
      intensities were used: 1) no harvesting, 2) stem harvesting and 3) whole-tree
      harvesting. The input data were derived from measurements and model results. The
      P budget estimates indicate that harvesting, especially whole-tree harvesting,
      result in net losses of P in large parts of Sweden. The highest losses were found
      in southern Sweden due to high growth rate in this area. In the whole-tree
      harvesting scenario the losses exceeded 1 kg ha(-1) y(-1) on many sites. N budget
      calculations on the same sites indicate that N generally accumulates in the whole
      country and especially in the southern parts. Consequently, the N and P budget
      calculations indicate that the forests in southern Sweden are in a transition
      phase from N-to P-limitation to growth. This transition will proceed as long as
      the accumulation of N continues. These results are important in a sustainable
      forestry context, as a basis for assessing the risk of future N leaching, and in
      designing recommendations for abatement strategies of N deposition and for
      application of wood ash recycling and N fertilization.

PMID- 18155751
TI  - Prenatal exposure to mercury in a prospective mother-infant cohort study in a
      Mediterranean area, Valencia, Spain.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous pollutant that negatively affects fetal
      and child neurodevelopment at accidental high-dose exposure. Some studies
      indicate that Mediterranean populations could be at risk of prenatal exposure to
      mercury through fish consumption. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prenatal exposure to
      total mercury (T-Hg), both inorganic and organic, in newborns by analyzing the T
      Hg concentration in cord blood, and to evaluate the role of maternal fish
      consumption in this exposure. METHODS: In the context of a multi-center project
      (INMA project), a prospective birth cohort was set up in Valencia, Spain, from
      2005 to 2006. A total of 253 newborns were included in this study. We compared
      cord blood T-Hg concentration by levels of fish intake assessed by a food
      frequency questionnaire completed at 28-32 weeks of gestation. Maternal
      covariates were obtained through a questionnaire. RESULTS: The geometric mean of
      T-Hg at birth was 9.9 microg/L (95% CI: 9.0, 10.8). Seventy five percent of cord
      blood samples were above the estimated level assumed to be without appreciable
      harm (5.8 microg/L). Women who consumed a portion of large oily fish, lean fish,
      or mixed fried fish two or more times per week had mean cord blood levels 1.6,
      1.4 and 1.3 times higher, respectively, than those who rarely or never consumed
      fish. Other factors such as the mother's age, country of origin, smoking and
      season of delivery were also significantly and independently associated with cord
      blood T-Hg concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Newborns from a Mediterranean area
      presented elevated levels of T-Hg in cord blood. Higher concentrations of T-Hg
      were related to maternal fish intake, particularly in the case of large oily fish
      species.

PMID- 18155752
TI  - Variable responsiveness to clopidogrel and aspirin among patients with acute
      coronary syndrome as assessed by platelet function tests.
AB  - Unresponsiveness to clopidogrel or aspirin has been reported in patients with
      acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Platelet aggregometry (PA) and the Impact-R [Cone
      and Plate(let) Analyzer (CPA) technology, measuring whole blood platelet adhesion
      under flow conditions] were compared in detecting laboratory unresponsiveness to
      clopidogrel and aspirin among ACS patients. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) samples
      were evaluated in 404 patients by PA using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and
      arachidonic acid (AA) and whole blood samples by the Impact-R ADP- and AA
      response tests. The first cohort (n=114) was assayed by PA on days 1 and 4 of the
      onset of ACS. A patient with relative decrease of </=10% in ADP-induced maximal
      platelet aggregation after clopidogrel treatment was defined as laboratory non
      responding (NR) patient to clopidogrel. This relative value correlated well with
      an absolute value of ADP-induced aggregation >/=70%. A patient with an absolute
      value of AA-induced maximal aggregation >/=60% was defined as laboratory NR
      patient to aspirin. The second cohort (n=290) was tested on day 4 by both systems
      and results analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve. The following
      cut-off values of the Impact-R surface coverage were obtained: </=2.8% and
      </=3.4% for clopidogrel and aspirin NR patients, respectively. The incidence of
      NR patients to clopidogrel and aspirin, according to the two methods was 27% and
      22%, respectively. Impact-R compared to PA in detecting clopidogrel and aspirin
      NR patients revealed: 79% and 82% agreement, 71% and 73% sensitivity, 83% and 86%
      specificity, respectively. In conclusion, the Impact-R and PA results
      demonstrated high degree of similarity.

PMID- 18155753
TI  - Histological, immunohistochemical and biological data in assessing interstitial
      fibrosis in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between histological,
      immunohistochemical (IHC) and biological data in the assessment of interstitial
      fibrosis in patients with glomerular diseases. A group of 41 patients with
      primary and secondary glomerulonephritis was studied. In order to quantify the
      histological changes and to assess the extent of active-inflammatory and chronic
      sclerotic/fibrotic interstitial lesions, we adapted a scoring system, initially
      used for lupus nephritis, and ANCA-associated vasculitis. IHC labeling procedures
      with monoclonal antibodies anti-smooth muscle actin (SMA), anti-vimentin and anti
      transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) were assessed using a semi-quantitative
      score, correlated with the histological and biological data. Our results showed
      that interstitial labeling of SMA correlated with scores for sclerotic/fibrotic
      lesions (chronicity index) and with active-inflammatory lesions (interstitial
      infiltrate, activity index). Interstitial vimentin correlated with the score for
      interstitial infiltrate. Both interstitial vimentin and TGFbeta immunopositivity
      correlated with sclerotic/fibrotic lesions (interstitial fibrosis, tubular
      atrophies, vascular hyalinosis/fibrosis, chronicity index), and negatively with
      glomerular filtration rate. An important correlation was found between the
      interstitial labeling of the two IHC markers of myofibroblasts (SMA and
      vimentin). We conclude that IHC studies related to clinico-biological and
      histological data can have an important role in the evaluation of the glomerular
      diseases, but the classical histological investigation assessed through
      quantification has still not lost its importance.

PMID- 18155754
TI  - Immunolocalisation of heat shock protein 72 and glycoprotein 96 in colonic
      adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and glycoprotein 96 (gp96) are highly expressed in
      cancer tissues. Recent studies indicate the possible roles of HSP72 and gp96 in
      the development and progression of colonic carcinomas, but detailed information
      is still ambiguous. In this study, we investigated the correlation between
      clinical pathology and immunolocalisation of HSP72 and gp96 in human colonic
      carcinoma. The distribution of HSP72 and gp96 was studied in 160 human colonic
      carcinomas, with or without metastasis, as well as in mucous membranes adjacent
      to cancers by means of immunohistochemistry. HSP72 immunoreactivity was detected
      in 145 of 160 primary tumours (90.6%) and in 44 of 160 mucous membranes adjacent
      to cancers (27.5%). Gp96 was detected in 81.3% colonic carcinomas and in 13.8%
      mucous membranes adjacent to cancer. Immunolocalisation of HSP72 and gp96 was
      mainly cytoplasmic. HSP72 and gp96 immunolabelling was significantly higher in
      colonic carcinomas with metastasis than in those without metastasis (P<0.05). The
      results indicate a significant correlation between the immunopositivity of HSP72
      and gp96 and the progression of colonic carcinomas. Immunolabelling of HSP72 and
      gp96 may be useful as diagnostic or prognostic markers in colonic carcinoma.

PMID- 18155755
TI  - Comparison of outcome measures in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma
      of the vulva treated with surgery or primary chemoradiation.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To review outcome measures including overall survival (OS),
      progression free survival (PFS), and patterns of recurrence in patients with
      advanced vulvar cancer managed by primary surgery (PS) or primary chemoradiation
      (PCRT) as well as population characteristics for the two groups. METHODS:
      Patients diagnosed with stage III and IV squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva
      from 1990 to 2006 were identified for retrospective analysis at a single
      institution. Charts were abstracted for clinical and pathologic findings,
      treatment modalities, complications, recurrence, and follow-up. Kaplan-Meier
      method was used to determine PFS and OS. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients with stage
      III (n=47) and IV (n=16) carcinoma of the vulva were identified; 30 patients were
      treated with PS, and 33 patients had tumor that was unresectable by vulvectomy
      and underwent PCRT. Patients treated with PCRT were younger (61 vs. 72 years;
      p=0.09), had less metastasis to lymph nodes (54% vs. 83%, p=0.01), and larger
      tumors (6 vs. 3.5 cm, p=0.0001) compared to patients treated with PS. Despite
      these differences, OS for the PS and PCRT groups was 69% and 76% (NS),
      respectively, with median follow-up at 31 months. There were no differences in
      PFS or recurrence rates between the two groups. By multivariate analysis, age was
      the only significant predictor of OS or PFS. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with advanced
      vulvar cancer that are managed with PS tend to be older patients that have
      smaller lesions but positive lymph nodes, whereas patients requiring PCRT are
      younger and have larger volume disease but fewer lymph node metastases. Despite
      these differences, patients treated with PS and PCRT have no differences in OS,
      PFS, or recurrence rates. Age is the most powerful predictor of survival when
      size, lymph node status, stage and treatment are accounted for.

PMID- 18155756
TI  - Effects on spontaneous and cocaine-induced behavior of pharmacological inhibition
      of noradrenergic and serotonergic systems.
AB  - Cocaine-induced increases in dopamine (DA) contribute importantly to cocaine
      effects on behavior but, the role of concomitant increases in norepinephrine (NE)
      and serotonin (5-HT) is less well understood. In order to selectively block the
      increases in NE and 5-HT evoked by cocaine, autoreceptor preferring low doses
      (0.01, 0.025 and 0.05 mg/kg) of the a2 agonist, Clonidine or the 5-HT1A agonist,
      8-OHDPAT were given as pretreatments 20 min prior to saline or cocaine (10.0
      mg/kg) in separate groups of rats (N=10). With pharmacological stimulation of NE
      and 5-HT autoreceptors, release of these neurotransmitters would be suppressed
      and, therefore, less available for re-uptake blockade by cocaine. With increasing
      dose levels, Clonidine had marked inhibitory effects on spontaneous and cocaine
      induced locomotion, grooming and rearing. 8-OHDPAT pretreatment also suppressed
      spontaneous locomotion, grooming and rearing; but, in contrast, did not reduce
      the cocaine locomotor stimulant effects. 8-OHDPAT, however, did suppress central
      zone entry and rearing in cocaine treated rats. Using ex vivo methods, we found
      that 8-OHDPAT selectively reduced 5-HT metabolism in the medial frontal cortex
      (MFC) and subcortical limbic brain. Clonidine selectively reduced NE metabolism
      in the MFC, but decreased both DA and 5-HT metabolism in the subcortical limbic
      brain without affecting NE metabolism. This diverse and broad spectrum of
      Clonidine effects upon neurotransmitters and behavior is striking and points-up
      the important, complex and integrative role of NE in brain function. While both
      Clonidine and 8-OHDPAT can substantially attenuate a number of cocaine behavioral
      effects, these inhibitory effects appear to be secondary to reductions in the
      behavioral baseline rather than reversals of cocaine effects.

PMID- 18155757
TI  - Promoting stair climbing: stair-riser banners are better than posters...
      sometimes.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Stair-riser banners are twice as effective as posters in encouraging
      stair climbing in shopping centres. This study tested the effectiveness of stair
      riser banners in an English train station in 2006-2007. METHOD: The train station
      had a 39-step staircase and an adjacent escalator. Baseline observations (3.5
      weeks) were followed by 10.5 weeks of a banner intervention supplemented with 3
      weeks of a poster intervention. Both poster and banner featured the message
      'Stair climbing burns more calories per minute than jogging. Take the stairs'.
      Ascending escalator and stair users (N=36,239) were coded for gender. RESULTS:
      Analyses, controlling for effects of gender and pedestrian traffic volume,
      revealed no significant change in stair climbing between baseline (40.6%) and the
      banner intervention (40.9%; p=0.98). Addition of the poster increased stair
      climbing (44.3%; OR=1.36, 95% CIs 1.16-1.60, p<0.001), with the effect reduced at
      higher pedestrian traffic volumes. CONCLUSION: While stair-riser banners had no
      effect, the poster intervention increased stair climbing. The high pedestrian
      volumes as the wave of disembarking passengers seek to leave the station would
      have obscured the visibility of the banner for many commuters. Thus stair-riser
      banners appear unsuitable point-of-choice prompts in stations where pedestrian
      traffic volume is high.

PMID- 18155758
TI  - Vitamin D and calcium intake in relation to risk of endometrial cancer: a
      systematic review of the literature.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: In response to a recent ecologic study of UV exposure and endometrial
      cancer incidence, we present the epidemiologic evidence on the relation between
      intake of vitamin D and its metabolically related nutrient, calcium, and the
      occurrence of endometrial cancer. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature
      review and meta-analysis of vitamin D and calcium in relation to endometrial
      cancer, including peer-reviewed manuscripts published up to May 2007. Random and
      fixed effects summary estimates were computed. RESULTS: Pooled analyses of the
      three case-control studies of dietary vitamin D and endometrial cancer uncovered
      heterogeneous results that were not significant in random or fixed effects
      analyses. Cut-points for the highest vitamin D intakes ranged from >244 to >476
      IU/day. Qualitatively similar findings were observed for dietary calcium. Only
      two studies provided estimates for calcium supplements (random effects OR=0.62,
      95% CI 0.39-0.99; fixed effects OR=0.62, 95% CI 0.42-0.93, for top vs. bottom
      category, p for heterogeneity=0.25). CONCLUSIONS: The limited epidemiological
      evidence suggests no relation between endometrial cancer in the ranges of dietary
      vitamin D examined, and suggests a possible inverse association for calcium from
      supplements. Prospective studies, ideally including plasma 25(OH) D to estimate
      vitamin D input from diet and sun exposure, are needed to further explore these
      hypotheses.

PMID- 18155759
TI  - Bond strength of adhesive systems to dentin and enamel--human vs. bovine primary
      teeth in vitro.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study compared the bonding performance of four adhesive
      luting agents to dentin and enamel of human and bovine primary teeth, in order to
      evaluate the suitability of primary bovine hard tissues for replacement of those
      of human origin for bond testing. METHODS: A composite (Clearfil AP-X) was bonded
      to specimens from 167 extracted human (n=88) and bovine (n=88) primary teeth
      using the following adhesive systems: Syntac Assortment (SY), Adaper Prompt L-Pop
      (PLP), iBond Gluma inside (IB) and Clearfil Protect Bond (PB). After 24h storage
      in distilled water, shear bond strength was determined according to ISO/TS
      11405:2003. The data (n=11 per group) were statistically analyzed with the Mann
      Whitney U-test and the error-rates method (ERM). The fracture modes were analyzed
      with the chi2-test. RESULTS: Bond strength data (ERM) and fracture modes (chi2
      test) using human primary teeth were, in general, not statistically different
      from those of bovine origin. With few exceptions, pair wise comparisons showed
      the same results. The bond strength data for SY, PLP and PB bonded to primary
      human and bovine enamel were higher than those to primary human and bovine
      dentin, for IB vice versa. SIGNIFICANCE: Bovine teeth may be considered as a
      suitable alternative to human teeth in bond strength tests for primary dentition.

PMID- 18155760
TI  - Effects of settling organic matter on the bioaccumulation of cadmium and BDE-99
      by Baltic Sea benthic invertebrates.
AB  - Settling organic matter (OM) is the major food source for heterotrophic benthic
      fauna. The high sorption affinity of many contaminants for OM implies that OM can
      influence both the distribution and bioavailability of contaminants. Here, we
      experimentally examine the role of settling OM of various nutritional qualities
      on the bioaccumulation of cadmium and the flame retardant BDE-99 by three benthic
      invertebrates; Macoma balthica, Monoporeia affinis and Marenzelleria sp.
      Contaminants were associated with three types of OM; a microalgae (Tetraselmis
      spp.), lignin and sediment. Bioaccumulation of Cd was proportional to OM
      nutritional quality for all three species, and was species-specific in the order
      Marenzelleria>M. balthica>M. affinis. BDE-99 bioaccumulation was highest in the
      treatment with the most nutritious OM (Tetraselmis). Consequently, both benthic
      species composition and the nutritive value of organic matter settling to the
      seafloor can have a substantial effect on the bioaccumulation of both metals and
      organic contaminants.

PMID- 18155761
TI  - The role of actively released fibrin-conjugated VEGF for VEGF receptor 2 gene
      activation and the enhancement of angiogenesis.
AB  - A major challenge for therapeutic delivery of angiogenic agents such as vascular
      endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is to achieve sustained, low dose signaling
      leading to durable neovessel formation. To this end, we recently created a
      variant of VEGF(121), TG-VEGF(121) that directly binds to fibrin and gets
      released locally in proteolysis-triggered manner. Here we combined noninvasive
      biophotonic monitoring of VEGF receptor 2 gene activation in transgenic VEGFR2
      luc mice and histomorphometry to compare endothelial activation and long-term
      neovascularization by actively released TG-VEGF(121)versus passively released,
      diffusible wild-type VEGF(121) in subcutaneous fibrin implants. Monitoring in
      real-time over 3 weeks of luciferase signal driven by the VEGFR2 promoter
      revealed endothelial activation in skin exposed to wild-type VEGF(121), but no
      detectable elevation over fibrin alone by TG-VEGF(121). Histology at 3 weeks,
      however, demonstrated that TG-VEGF(121) promoted vessel growth significantly more
      effectively and reliably than wild-type VEGF(121). The majority of vessels
      surviving to 3 weeks contained stabilizing smooth muscle cells. Yet, by 6 weeks,
      no extra vessels induced by exogenous VEGF were left. In conclusion, release of
      fibrin-conjugated variant TG-VEGF(121) elicited lower VEGFR2-luc activation than
      wild-type VEGF(121) yet significantly more vascularization. In the absence of
      true physiological demand, even stabilized vessels are ultimately regressed.

PMID- 18155762
TI  - Tailoring the surface properties of Ti6Al4V by controlled chemical oxidation.
AB  - Many efforts have been made to promote cell activity at the surface of implants,
      mainly by modifying their topography and physicochemical properties. Here we
      demonstrate the feasibility of creating Ti6Al4V surfaces having both a
      microtexture and a nanotexture, and show that their properties can be tailored by
      controlling the length of exposure to a mixture of H2SO4 and H2O2. Scanning
      electron microscopy (SEM), combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
      (EDX), indicated that beta-phase grains, which surround larger alpha-phase
      grains, are etched more rapidly, resulting in a surface composed of microscale
      cavities with alpha-grain boundaries. Furthermore, high-resolution SEM and atomic
      force microscopy (AFM) revealed the presence on the surfaces of both alpha- and
      beta-phase grains of a network of nanopits with mean diameters ranging between 13
      and 21 nm. The grain surface roughness increases from about 4 nm on untreated
      samples to about 12 nm after 4h of treatment. AFM analysis showed that the depth
      of microscale cavities can be varied in the 10-180 nm range by controlling the
      extent of chemical etching. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),
      combined with ellipsometry, established that the etching generated an oxide layer
      with a thickness in the range 15-45 nm. The resulting new surfaces selectively
      promote the growth of osteoblasts while inhibiting that of fibroblasts, making
      them promising tools for regulating the activities of cells in biological
      environments.

PMID- 18155763
TI  - Surface tethering of phosphorylcholine groups onto poly(dimethylsiloxane) through
      swelling--deswelling methods with phospholipids moiety containing ABA-type block
      copolymers.
AB  - The surface modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrates by using ABA
      type block copolymers comprising poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine
      (MPC)) (PMPC) and PDMS segments was investigated. The hydrophobic interaction
      between the swelling-deswelling nature of PDMS and PDMS segments in block
      copolymers was the main mechanism for surface modification. Block copolymers with
      various compositions were synthesized by using the atom transfer radical
      polymerization (ATRP) method. The kinetic plots revealed that polymerization
      could be initiated by PDMS macroinitiators and it proceeds in a well-controlled
      manner; therefore, the compositions of the block copolymers were controllable.
      The obtained block copolymers were dissolved in a chloroform/ethanol mixed
      solvent. The surface of the PDMS substrate was modified using block copolymers by
      the swelling-deswelling method. Static contact angle and X-ray photoelectron
      spectroscopy (XPS) measurements revealed that the hydrophobic surface of the PDMS
      substrate was converted to a hydrophilic surface because of modification by
      surface-tethered PMPC segments. Protein adsorption test and L929 cell adhesion
      test were carried out for evaluating the biocompatibility. As observed, the
      amount of adsorbed proteins and cell adhesion were drastically reduced as
      compared to those in the non-treated PDMS substrate. We conclude that this
      procedure is effective in fabricating biocompatible surfaces on PDMS substrates.

PMID- 18155764
TI  - An immunological method for the detection of BCR-ABL fusion protein and
      monitoring its activation.
AB  - We have developed a simplified sandwich immunoassay to measure free circulating
      total and phosphorylated fusion BCR-ABL protein in patients with the
      t(9;22)(q34;q11) chromosomal translocation. The assay is based on
      immunoprecipitating BCR-ABL protein using beads coated with anti-BCR antibody and
      detecting the fusion protein with anti-ABL antibody and flow cytometry. We show
      that this method allows the quantification of this protein in the plasma and may
      allow the measurement of tumor load. This method also allows the measurement of
      the level of phosphorylation of the immunoprecipitated BCR-ABL using antibodies
      against phosphorylated ABL protein, which can be used for monitoring of therapy
      with kinase inhibitors. The sensitivity of this immunoassay was comparable to the
      sensitivity of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay.
      This technique is useful in monitoring patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
      (CML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but the same approach can be used in
      other translocations and has the potential of multiplexing.

PMID- 18155765
TI  - Sexual reconviction rates in the United Kingdom and actuarial risk estimates.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Assessing the risk of further offending behavior by adult sexual
      perpetrators of children is highly relevant and important to professionals
      involved in child protection. Recent progress in assessing risk in sexual
      offenders has established the validity of actuarial measures, although there
      continues to be some debate about the application of these instruments. This
      paper summarizes the debate between clinical and actuarial approaches and reviews
      the "base rate" for United Kingdom sexual offense reconviction. METHOD: A review
      of the literature revealed 16 UK sexual reconviction studies, 8 using
      incarcerated samples (N=5,915) and 8 using non-incarcerated samples (N=1,274). UK
      estimates of sexual reconviction rates are compared with European and North
      American studies. RESULTS: The mean sexual reconviction rates for the
      incarcerated sample at 2 years (6.0%), 4 years (7.8%) and 6 years or more (19.5%)
      were higher than that of the comparative non-incarcerated sample at 2 years
      (5.7%), up to 4 years (5.9%), and 6 years or more (15.5%). The overall sexual
      reconviction rate for both samples combined was 5.8% at 2 years, and 17.5% at 6
      years or more. CONCLUSIONS: The sexual reconviction rate for incarcerated sexual
      offenders is higher than that of non-incarcerated sexual offenders. The UK sexual
      reconviction rates were comparable with European and North American studies.

PMID- 18155766
TI  - DC-SIGN mediates adhesion and rolling of dendritic cells on primary human
      umbilical vein endothelial cells through LewisY antigen expressed on ICAM-2.
AB  - Immature dendritic cells (DCs) are recruited from blood into tissues to patrol
      for foreign antigens. After antigen uptake and processing, DCs mature and migrate
      to the secondary lymphoid organs where they initiate immune responses. DC-SIGN is
      a DC-specific C-type lectin that acts both as a pattern recognition receptor and
      as an adhesion molecule. As an adhesion molecule, DC-SIGN is able to mediate
      rolling and adhesion over endothelial cells under shear flow. In this study, we
      show that the binding partner of DC-SIGN on endothelial cells is the glycan
      epitope Lewis(Y) (Le(Y)), expressed on ICAM-2. The interaction between DC-SIGN on
      dendritic cells and ICAM-2 on endothelial cells is strictly glycan-specific. ICAM
      2 expressed on CHO cells only served as a ligand for DC-SIGN when properly
      glycosylated, underscoring its function as a scaffolding protein. The expression
      of Le(Y) in endothelial cells is directed by the enzyme FUT1. Silencing of FUT1
      results in a decrease in the rolling and adhesion of immature DCs over
      endothelial cells. The identification of Le(Y) as the carbohydrate ligand of DC
      SIGN in endothelial cells opens new possibilities for the manipulation of DC
      migration.

PMID- 18155767
TI  - Glycodelin A triggers mitochondrial stress and apoptosis in T cells by a
      mechanism distinct and independent of TCR signaling.
AB  - Glycodelin A is one of the progesterone inducible endometrial factors that
      protect the fetal semiallograft from maternal immune rejection. Our previous
      studies demonstrate that glycodelin A induces apoptosis in activated T
      lymphocytes. Here, we report that glycodelin A initiates the intrinsic apoptotic
      program in T cells. Glycodelin A treatment triggers a stress response leading to
      mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and activation of initiator caspase 9.
      The kinetics of mitochondrial depolarization precede onset of DNA fragmentation
      in both Jurkat cells and peripheral blood T cells treated with glycodelin A.
      Overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 is sufficient to protect from
      glycodelin A-induced cell death. It has been reported earlier that glycodelin A
      desensitizes T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, probably by its association with
      the tyrosine phosphatase CD45. Here, we provide evidence that the apoptogenic
      activity of glycodelin A is not a consequence of this phenomenon. Glycodelin A
      induced apoptosis does not depend on components of the TCR signal cascade,
      including CD45. We observe that glycodelin A is inhibitory to T cells even upon
      phorbol ester and ionophore stimulation which bypasses the TCR-proximal signaling
      events, and that glycodelin A treatment does not interfere with T cell activation
      as evidenced from induction of the activation marker CD69. Thus, glycodelin A
      initiates mitochondrial stress-mediated apoptosis in T cells by a pathway that is
      distinct and independent from the TCR signaling pathway.

PMID- 18155768
TI  - Long-term outcomes of pediatric ocular myasthenia gravis.
AB  - PURPOSE: To review the presenting signs, therapeutic interventions, and clinical
      outcomes of purely ocular myasthenia gravis in a preadolescent population treated
      primarily with pyridostigmine bromide. DESIGN: Retrospective case series.
      PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-one consecutive patients younger than 12 years with purely
      ocular myasthenia gravis at initial presentation. METHODS: The clinical charts
      were reviewed retrospectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time to generalization,
      stabilization, or resolution; prism cover test results; and visual acuity.
      RESULTS: Median age at onset was 26 months. The mean duration of follow-up was
      6.5 years (range, 2-15). Presenting signs included ptosis (95%), strabismus
      (76%), limitation of ductions (17%), and Cogan's lid twitch (76%). The most
      common form of strabismus was exotropia. Pyridostigmine monotherapy was the
      initial treatment for all patients. Corticosteroids were added to the therapy for
      6 patients. Generalization to systemic disease occurred in 3 patients. Two of
      those required intravenous immunoglobulin and thymectomy. Complete resolution off
      of medical therapy occurred in 4 patients. All patients had stabilization of the
      ocular motor deficits regardless of treatment. Eleven patients were treated for
      amblyopia; 2 had residual amblyopia. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular myasthenia in
      preadolescent children generally presents before age 5 and is clinically
      distinguished from the disease as it affects adults. Although the presenting
      signs of strabismus, ptosis, and Cogan's lid twitch are common in children or
      adults, the response to treatment and eventual outcomes differ. Most children can
      be safely treated with pyridostigmine alone. Generalization to systemic disease
      occurs at a much lower rate than in adults. Ocular manifestations stabilize in
      all children and completely resolve in some.

PMID- 18155769
TI  - Effect of an experimental proteasome inhibitor on the cytoskeleton, cytosolic
      protein turnover, and induction in the neuronal cells in vitro.
AB  - GT-1 murine neuronal cells exposed to an experimental proteasome inhibitor (EPI)
      for 24h showed increased cell death via a non-apoptotic mechanism, as assessed by
      TUNEL and DNA fragmentation assays. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that
      EPI induced reorganization and relocation of non-ubiquinated actin microfilaments
      and microtubules to the perinuclear region in EPI treated cells.
      Immunohistochemistry analysis also demonstrated that other non-cytoskeletal
      proteins became ubiquitinated and/or upregulated including ubiquitin and other
      stress proteins. Perinuclear-centrosomal accumulation of gamma-tubulin and
      vimentin, key components of aggresomes, was observed in the EPI treated cells.
      Biochemical analysis indicated that EPI-induced accumulation of ubiquitinated
      protein aggregates in GT-1 cells was detergent - and mechanical - disruption
      resistant, a feature of aggresomes. Similar results were observed in GT-1 cells
      treated with lactacystin, a prototypical proteasome inhibitor, which is
      structurally dissimilar to EPI indicating a pharmacologic effect. In conclusion,
      EPI causes cytoskeletal reorganization and accumulation of diverse ubiquitinated
      and non-ubiquitinated proteins in the perinuclear region and potentially
      overloads the endoplasmic reticulum-dependent quality control mechanism. These
      processes acting alone, or in combination, are hypothesized to affect axonal
      transport or other aspects of cellular homeostasis and thus, represent events
      potentially relevant to the development of peripheral neuropathy associated with
      administration of proteasome inhibitors in nonclinical studies.

PMID- 18155770
TI  - Invasive fungal sinusitis in patients treated with fludarabine.

PMID- 18155771
TI  - Preparation of chitosan particles suitable for enzyme immobilization.
AB  - Macro-, micro- and nanosized chitosan particles suitable as immobilization
      carriers were prepared by precipitation, emulsion cross-linking and ionic
      gelation methods, respectively. Effects of particle preparation parameters on
      particle size were investigated. Activities of beta-galactosidase covalently
      attached to differently sized particles have been evaluated and compared. The
      highest activity was shown by the biocatalyst immobilized on nanoparticles
      obtained by means of the ionotropic gelation method with sodium sulphate as
      gelation agent. beta-Galactosidase fixed on macro- and microspheres exhibited
      excellent storage stability in aqueous solution, with no more than 5% loss of
      activity after 3 weeks storage at 4 degrees C and pH 7.0.

PMID- 18155772
TI  - Biomolecules/gold nanowires-doped sol-gel film for label-free electrochemical
      immunoassay of testosterone.
AB  - A direct, rapid, and label-free electrochemical immunoassay method for
      testosterone has been described based on encapsulating testosterone antibody into
      polyvinyl butyral sol-gel film doped with gold nanowires. Gold nanowires prepared
      by using nanopore polycarbonate membrane were used to conjugate testosterone
      antibody onto the probe surface. The presence of gold nanowires provided a
      biocompatible microenvironment for biomolecules, greatly amplified the
      immobilized amount of biomolecules on the electrode surface, and improved the
      sensitivity of the immunosensor. In comparison with gold nanoparticle-conjugating
      probe, the gold nanowire-functionalized probe could avoid the leakage of
      biomolecules from the composite film, and enhanced the stability of the sensor.
      The performance and factors influencing the performance of the resulting
      immunosensor were investigated in detail. Under optimal conditions, the developed
      immunosensor exhibited a good linear relationship with testosterone ranging from
      1.2 to 83.5 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 0.1 ng mL(-1) (at 3delta).
      Moreover, the proposed immunosensor exhibited high sensitivity, good
      reproducibility and long-term stability. The as-prepared immunosensors were used
      to analyze testosterone in human serum specimens. Analytical results suggest that
      the developed immunoassay has a promising alternative approach for detecting
      testosterone in the clinical diagnosis. Compared with the conventional ELISAs,
      the proposed immunoassay method was simple and rapid without multiple labeling
      and separation steps. Importantly, the route provides an alternative approach to
      incorporate gold nanowires into the solid matrix for biosensing application.

PMID- 18155773
TI  - A micro-optrode for simultaneous extracellular electrical and intracellular
      optical recording from neurons in an intact oscillatory neuronal network.
AB  - Fluorescent dyes and proteins have become ubiquitous tools for the study of
      intracellular function. However, standard techniques used to visualize these
      indicators in the brain usually require cellular dissociation or fine sectioning
      of the specimen into slices for viewing under a fluorescence microscope. These
      actions remove cells from their natural physiological environment and in the case
      of neurons, sever synaptic connections from other regions of the central and
      peripheral nervous system. Even with the use of multi-photon excitation
      microscopy, resolution of neurons in the intact brain beyond depths of around 500
      microm is technically difficult to achieve. We have developed a relatively
      inexpensive small fiber optic probe ('micro-optrode') to simultaneously record
      extracellular electrical activity and intracellular fluorescence changes in real
      time from structures deep within the intact brain. The micro-optrode was tested
      during experiments in the in situ working heart-brainstem preparation (WHBP) of
      rat, which allows the study of the intact ponto-medullary neuronal network that
      controls breathing. In conjunction with calcium-sensitive indicators, we
      successfully validated the utility of the micro-optrode by recording, for the
      first time, intracellular calcium dynamics in respiratory neurons of the intact
      respiratory network under normal conditions and during physiological and
      pharmacological manipulations.

PMID- 18155774
TI  - Measurement of variability dynamics in cortical spike trains.
AB  - We propose a method for the time-resolved joint analysis of two related aspects
      of single neuron variability, the spiking irregularity measured by the squared
      coefficient of variation (CV(2)) of the ISIs and the trial-by-trial variability
      of the spike count measured by the Fano factor (FF). We provide a calibration of
      both estimators using the theory of renewal processes, and verify it for spike
      trains recorded in vitro. Both estimators exhibit a considerable bias for short
      observations that count less than about 5-10 spikes on average. The practical
      difficulty of measuring the CV(2) in rate modulated data can be overcome by a
      simple procedure of spike train demodulation which was tested in numerical
      simulations and in real spike trains. We propose to test neuronal spike trains
      for deviations from the null-hypothesis FF=CV(2). We show that cortical pyramidal
      neurons, recorded under controlled stationary input conditions in vitro, comply
      with this assumption. Performing a time-resolved joint analysis of CV(2) and FF
      of a single unit recording from the motor cortex of a behaving monkey we
      demonstrate how the dynamic change of their quantitative relation can be
      interpreted with respect to neuron intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence
      cortical variability in vivo. Finally, we discuss the effect of several
      additional factors such as serial interval correlation and refractory period on
      the empiric relation of FF and CV(2).

PMID- 18155775
TI  - The prevalence of anxiety in older adults: methodological issues and a review of
      the literature.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Despite the relative neglect of anxiety in older adults, the growing
      literature on its prevalence suggests that anxiety is highly prevalent and
      associated with considerable distress and morbidity in this age group. This
      review provides a comprehensive overview of this literature and discusses some
      unresolved controversies in the field. METHODS: A systematic search of articles
      published from 1980-2007 was performed. Articles were included for review if they
      reported the prevalence of anxiety symptoms, anxiety disorder or specified
      anxiety disorders in adults aged >60 in either community or clinical settings.
      RESULTS: The prevalence of anxiety in community samples ranges from 1.2% to 15%,
      and in clinical settings from 1% to 28%. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms is
      much higher, ranging from 15% to 52.3% in community samples, and 15% to 56% in
      clinical samples. These discrepancies are partly attributable to the conceptual
      and methodological inconsistencies that characterise this literature. Generalised
      Anxiety Disorder is the commonest anxiety disorder in older adults. LIMITATIONS:
      The methodologies used in the studies are so variable as to make comparisons
      difficult. CONCLUSIONS: Although anxiety disorder, particularly Generalised
      Anxiety Disorder is common, issues in relation to comorbidity and the nature of
      anxiety in old age remain unresolved. This hampers the design of intervention
      programmes, and highlights the need for further research with a primary focus on
      anxiety.

PMID- 18155776
TI  - Serum leptin and cholesterol values in violent and non-violent suicide
      attempters.
AB  - Earlier studies have linked lipid metabolism to suicide and impulsive-aggressive
      behaviors. We previously reported that suicide attempters had significantly lower
      leptin and cholesterol levels than controls. Since lower cholesterol levels have
      been related to violence alone, we decided to evaluate serum total cholesterol
      and leptin levels in violent and non-violent suicide attempters. In the present
      study, 19 violent, 16 non-violent suicide attempters, and 20 age- and sex-matched
      healthy controls were compared for serum total cholesterol and leptin levels.
      Violent suicide attempters had significantly lower total cholesterol and leptin
      levels compared with those with non-violent suicide attempts. Our results suggest
      that low serum cholesterol and leptin levels are related to the following two
      dimensions of suicide attempts: suicidality and violence.

PMID- 18155777
TI  - A functional serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism increases ADHD
      symptoms in delinquents: interaction with adverse childhood environment.
AB  - Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable,
      environmental conditions play an important role in its manifestation during
      childhood development. Here, we report the results of an investigation on the
      interaction of adverse childhood environment with a functional polymorphism of
      the serotonin transporter promoter gene (5-HTTLPR) and its impact on ADHD
      psychopathology in young adult delinquents. Standardized instruments were used to
      assess childhood and current ADHD and adverse childhood environment in 184 male
      delinquents. Each subject was genotyped for 5-HTTLPR long (L) and small (S)
      alleles. Logistic regression analysis revealed independent effects of high
      childhood environmental adversity and the 5-HTTLPR LL-genotype on self-reported
      childhood ADHD and on persistent ADHD. In addition, a significant gene by
      environment interaction was found, indicating that carriers of at least one 5
      HTTLPR short allele are more sensitive to childhood environment adversity than
      carriers of the LL-genotype. The results support prior findings of association
      between ADHD and 5-HTTLPR LL-genotype and adverse childhood environment, and they
      underline the need for further investigation of gene by environment interaction
      with respect to ADHD.

PMID- 18155778
TI  - Comparison of cellular and humoral immunoassays for the assessment of summer
      eczema in horses.
AB  - The objective of this study was to compare and analyze three common diagnostic
      methods for summer eczema (SE) in horses, an allergic dermatitis caused by bites
      of Culicoides spp. Nine horses with a medical history of SE and nine control
      animals were intradermally challenged with whole body extracts (WBE) and the
      saliva of a native (C. nubeculosus) and exotic (C. sonorensis) Culicoides
      species. Blood and serum samples of the horses were examined for basophil
      reactivity by a histamine release test (HRT) and for Culicoides-specific serum
      immunoglobulin E (IgE) and G (IgG) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
      The results of intradermal testing (IDT) at 30min (immediate reactivity) and 4h
      (late-phase reactivity) post challenge with most insect preparations revealed
      significant differences between horses with and without SE. Overall, the HRT
      showed the most accurate results with a sensitivity of 1.00 for all Culicoides
      preparations and specificities of 0.78 (WBE) and 1.00 (saliva). By contrast,
      delayed reactions of the IDT (24h), and levels of Culicoides-specific IgE and IgG
      in the native serum showed little or no distinction between allergic and non
      allergic horses. However, the use of purified serum IgE and IgG indicated the
      possibility for elevated titers of insect-specific serum immunoglobulins in
      horses with SE. The IDT and HRT did not reveal obvious differences in onset and
      intensity of positive reactions for the native verses exotic Culicoides species,
      whereas the ELISA showed slightly higher numbers of positive reactions for serum
      IgG with the indigenous species. Saliva, as compared to WBE, was found to have
      improved sensitivity and/or specificity for the HRT and for the late-phase immune
      reactions as measured by the IDT. Overall, the results indicate that allergy
      tests utilizing effector cells (mast cells, basophils) are more accurate in
      diagnosing SE in horses than serological analysis by ELISA.

PMID- 18155779
TI  - Differential effects of decoy chemokine (7ND) gene therapy on acute, biphasic and
      chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis: implication for pathomechanisms of lesion
      formation.
AB  - Multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibits several clinical subtypes such as the relapsing
      remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) forms. In accordance with this,
      formation of demyelinating plaques in the central nervous system (CNS) occurs by
      different mechanisms. In the present study, we induced acute, biphasic and
      chronic (RR or SP) EAE in rats and examined the effects of decoy chemokine (7ND)
      gene therapy, which inhibits the migration of macrophages, to address the above
      issue. Interestingly, it was demonstrated that the clinical signs of acute EAE
      and the first attack of biphasic EAE were minimally affected, whereas chronic EAE
      and the relapse of biphasic EAE were completely suppressed with 7ND treatment. In
      the CNS, the number of infiltrating macrophages was reduced in all the stages of
      the three types of EAE. These findings suggest that in acute EAE and in the first
      attack of biphasic EAE, where anti-macrophage migration therapy was almost
      ineffective, pathogenic T cells are mainly involved in lesion formation. In
      contrast, the relapse of biphasic EAE and chronic EAE macrophages play a major
      role in the disease process. Thus, the mechanisms of lesion formation are not
      uniform and immunotherapy should be performed on the basis of information about
      the pathomechanisms of autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 18155780
TI  - Correlation of specialized CD16(+) gammadelta T cells with disease course and
      severity in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - gammadelta T cells may be important innate immune system contributors to the
      immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), though the mechanisms are not yet
      fully understood. CD16 is a low affinity Fcgamma receptor, an activation receptor
      for gammadelta T cells, and a mediator of cytotoxicity. In this study, we found
      that the percentage of CD16(+) gammadelta T cells is elevated in MS patients
      compared with healthy controls. The increase is especially pronounced in patients
      with a progressive course of the disease, and the extent of this elevation shows
      a positive correlation with the time of disease progression and severity. In
      vitro cultured gammadelta T cells can be shown to upregulate the expression of
      CD16 in response to inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2 and -15, that have been
      shown to be elevated in progressive disease. These results suggest that CD16
      expressing gammadelta T cells are somehow involved in the process of disease
      progression. Understanding more about these cells and their particular function
      in progressive vs. non-progressive disease could provide important clues to the
      mechanism of immune-mediated MS disease progression.

PMID- 18155781
TI  - Chikungunya virus induced sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - The aim of this study is to demonstrate the association of Chikungunya virus and
      sudden sensorineural hearing loss. In the case report described we had a case
      which developed sudden unilateral sensorineural hearing loss following
      chikungunya fever. A 15-year-old female presented to us with the complains of
      unilateral sudden onset of hearing loss following an episode of fever, arthralgia
      and rashes 1 month ago. At the time of these symptoms there were many cases of
      chikungunya fever in the city, three being in her locality. Clinically
      Chikungunya fever was suspected and a positive serological test further confirmed
      our diagnosis. The hearing loss could thus be attributed to Chikungunya virus.
      Viruses have always been implicated in causing sudden sensorineural hearing loss
      but Chikungunya virus as a cause has not been documented earlier making this case
      report a unique one.

PMID- 18155782
TI  - "Learned baduse" limits recovery of skilled reaching for food after forelimb
      motor cortex stroke in rats: a new analysis of the effect of gestures on success.
AB  - Trauma or stroke to motor cortex (MtCx) results in motor impairments that include
      movements of the contralateral forelimb in reaching for food that is to be placed
      in the mouth for eating (skilled reaching). In the rat, post-lesion recovery of
      success is incomplete and achieved using compensatory movements. A striking and
      puzzling feature of post-lesion performance is an increase in the numbers of
      reaching attempts. Whereas successful movements, whether normal or compensatory,
      have been extensively described, there has been no previous analysis of the
      movements comprising reach attempts, especially those that are unsuccessful.
      Here, rats pretrained in a single pellet reaching task received MtCx stroke via
      pial removal contralateral to the preferred-for-reaching forelimb. They then
      received daily physical rehabilitation and assessment in reaching. In addition to
      conventional end-point measures of performance, reaching behavior was evaluated
      by a new measure, gestures, derived from Laban Movement Analysis. Gestural
      analysis describes all non-weight bearing limb movements and so can document
      movements not explicitly directed to, or successful in, grasping food. In the
      acute post-stroke period, MtCx rats made few gestures, but thereafter gesture
      number escalated with recovery time, and eventually exceeded preoperative levels.
      Gestures were frequently repetitive and included combinations not used prior to
      stroke. The escalation in gestures number with recovery training suggests that
      excessive and inappropriate gestures may represent motor habits that substitute
      for, and compete with, successful movements. This description of "learned baduse"
      furthers the understanding of MtCx contributions to skilled movements and could
      potentially contribute to the modification of rehabilitative strategies for the
      treatment of stroke.

PMID- 18155783
TI  - Toxic effects of new antifouling compounds on tunicate haemocytes I. Sea-nine 211
      and chlorothalonil.
AB  - After the definitive ban on tin-based antifouling substances, new organic
      compounds have recently been introduced in antifouling paint formulations, as
      either principal or booster biocides. In most cases, previous risk assessment of
      these biocides has been inadequate so that their possible effects on aquatic
      ecosystems is a matter of great concern. We studied the effects of two new
      organic biocides often associated in paint formulations, Sea-Nine 211 (4,5
      dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one) and chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6
      tetrachloroisophthalonitrile), on haemocytes of the compound ascidian Botryllus
      schlosseri exposed for 60 min to various concentrations (from 0.1 to 10 microM)
      of the xenobiotics. This species had previously proved to be a good bioindicator
      of organotin compounds. Both compounds, at concentrations of 1 and 10 microM,
      altered the morphology of phagocytes, and these changes were closely related to
      disrupting effects on cytoskeletal components. At the same concentrations,
      phagocytosis, which requires cytoskeletal modifications for pseudopod formation,
      was severely hindered. Both compounds were able to induce apoptosis of Botryllus
      blood cells, probably as a consequence of severe oxidative stress related to the
      reported decrease of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) content. In the case
      of Sea-Nine 211, a substantial increase in intracellular Ca(2+) and a negative
      effect on Ca(2+)-ATPase activity may also be involved in the activation of the
      cell death machinery. Cytochrome-c-oxidase was also significantly inhibited by
      the two biocides, indicating perturbation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
      Isodynamic mixtures of Sea-Nine 211 and chlorothalonil were used to evaluate the
      occurrence of interactions between the two compounds. Results suggest the
      combined action of partial additivity when cell-spreading and cytochrome-c
      oxidase activity were considered, and were indicative of antagonism in the case
      of the GSH depletion. On the whole, our results indicate that short-term in vitro
      exposure of haemocytes to high concentrations of Sea-Nine 211 and chlorothalonil
      provokes a marked reduction in haemocyte functionality, higher than or comparable
      to that of TBT. These assays of acute toxicity stress the immunosuppressive
      potential of these compounds, which, although counterbalanced by their short half
      life in the marine environment, can lead to biocoenosis dismantling through rapid
      bioaccumulation by filter-feeding non-target benthic organisms.

PMID- 18155784
TI  - Native vessel angioplasty as treatment strategy for left internal mammary artery
      to pulmonary vasculature fistula producing coronary steal phenomenon.
AB  - Formation of fistulous connection between internal mammary graft and pulmonary
      vasculature after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is a rare event, which can
      result in recurrence of symptoms ranging from stable angina to myocardial
      infarction related to coronary steal. We hereby report a case of a 56-year-old
      man who was detected to have such a fistulous communication leading to coronary
      steal as the cause of effort angina 3 years after CABG. Coronary angioplasty and
      stenting of left anterior descending artery resulted in resolution of symptoms.
      Native vessel percutaneous coronary intervention as a treatment strategy for
      internal mammary artery to pulmonary artery fistula has not been reported
      previously.

PMID- 18155786
TI  - Alteration of myocardial characteristics and function in patients with
      obstructive sleep apnea.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to examine subclinical effect of the severity of
      obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on myocardial structural changes and function using
      echocardiographic integrated backscatter and tissue Doppler imaging. Fifty
      patients with suspected OSA underwent overnight polysomnography and
      echocardiographic assessment. The myocardial reflectivity and mitral annular
      velocity were obtained as measures of subclinical myocardial disease. The OSA
      patients had lower annular velocity and higher myocardial reflectivity compared
      with non-OSA subjects, although global systolic function was similar. In
      conclusion, OSA can affect myocardial integrity as well as myocardial diastolic
      function.

PMID- 18155787
TI  - Statin-associated focal myositis.
AB  - Myositis is an infrequent side effect of statin therapy, usually presenting as
      diffuse myositis with muscle weakness and cramping involving multiple body parts.
      We report a case of focal myositis of a hip muscle diagnosed on magnetic
      resonance imaging, as the underlying pathology was suspected to be related to an
      orthopaedic disease due to isolated hip symptoms, and which was finally
      attributed to statin intake. Awareness to this rare cause of musculoskeletal
      symptoms is indicated in case a patient presents with probable orthopaedic
      disease and is on statin therapy.

PMID- 18155788
TI  - Confusion in Chinese authors' names.

PMID- 18155789
TI  - Comparison of multiple methods for quantification of microbial biofilms grown in
      microtiter plates.
AB  - In the present study six assays for the quantification of biofilms formed in 96
      well microtiter plates were optimised and evaluated: the crystal violet (CV)
      assay, the Syto9 assay, the fluorescein diacetate (FDA) assay, the resazurin
      assay, the XTT assay and the dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) assay. Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium
      acnes and Candida albicans were used as test organisms. In general, these assays
      showed a broad applicability and a high repeatability for most isolates. In
      addition, the estimated numbers of CFUs present in the biofilms show limited
      variations between the different assays. Nevertheless, our data show that some
      assays are less suitable for the quantification of biofilms of particular
      isolates (e.g. the CV assay for P. aeruginosa).

PMID- 18155790
TI  - A simple binomial test for estimating sequencing errors in public repository 16S
      rRNA sequences.
AB  - Sequences in public databases may contain a number of sequencing errors. A double
      binomial model describing the distribution of indel-excluded similarity
      coefficients (S) among repeatedly sequenced 16S rRNA was previously developed and
      it produced a confidence interval of S useful for testing sequence identity among
      sequences of 400-bp length. We characterized patterns in sequencing errors found
      in nearly complete 16S rRNA sequences of Vibrionaceae as highly variable in
      reported sequence length and containing a small number of indels. To accommodate
      these characteristics, a simple binomial model for distribution of the similarity
      coefficient (H) that included indels was derived from the double binomial model
      for S. The model showed good fit to empirical data. By using either a pre
      determined or bootstrapping estimated standard probability of base matching, we
      were able to use the exact binomial test to determine the relative level of
      sequencing error for a given pair of duplicated sequences. A limitation of the
      method is the requirement that duplicated sequences for the same template
      sequence be paired, but this can be overcome by using only conserved regions of
      16S rRNA sequences and pairing a given sequence with its highest scoring BLAST
      search hit from the nr database of GenBank.

PMID- 18155791
TI  - Evaluation of an atlas-based automatic segmentation software for the delineation
      of brain organs at risk in a radiation therapy clinical context.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Conformal radiation therapy techniques require the
      delineation of volumes of interest, a time-consuming and operator-dependent task.
      In this work, we aimed to evaluate the potential interest of an atlas-based
      automatic segmentation software (ABAS) of brain organs at risk (OAR), when used
      under our clinical conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Automatic and manual
      segmentations of the eyes, optic nerves, optic chiasm, pituitary gland, brain
      stem and cerebellum of 11 patients on T1-weighted magnetic resonance, 3-mm thick
      slice images were compared using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). The
      sensitivity and specificity of the ABAS were also computed and analysed from a
      radiotherapy point of view by splitting the ROC (Receiver Operating
      Characteristic) space into four sub-regions. RESULTS: Automatic segmentation of
      OAR was achieved in 7-8 min. Excellent agreement was obtained between automatic
      and manual delineations for organs exceeding 7 cm3: the DSC was greater than 0.8.
      For smaller structures, the DSC was lower than 0.41. CONCLUSIONS: These tests
      demonstrated that this ABAS is a robust and reliable tool for automatic
      delineation of large structures under clinical conditions in our daily practice,
      even though the small structures must continue to be delineated manually by an
      expert.

PMID- 18155792
TI  - Expression of protein gene product 9.5, tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonin in the
      pineal gland of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
AB  - Hyperglycemia is a well-known factor in reducing nocturnal pineal melatonin
      production. However, the mechanism underlying diabetes-induced insufficiency of
      pineal melatonin has remained uncertain. This study was undertaken to examine the
      structure, innervation and functional activity of the pineal gland in
      streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats by immunohistochemistry, Western
      blotting and image analysis. The number of the pinealocytes and the volume of
      pineal were also estimated using stereologic quantification including the optical
      fractionator and Cavalieri's method. It has also shown a progressive reduction of
      the total area of the pineal gland and the nuclear size of pinealocytes beginning
      at 4 weeks of induced diabetes. Surprisingly, the immunoreactive intensities and
      protein amounts of serotonin (5-HT) and protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 in the
      pineal gland were progressively increased from 4 weeks of diabetes. Meanwhile,
      nerve fibers immunoreactive for PGP 9.5 had disappeared. Diabetes-induced
      neuropathy was observed in nerve fibers containing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The
      affected nerve fibers appeared swollen and smooth in outline but they showed a
      distribution pattern, packing density and protein levels comparable to those of
      the age-matched control animals. Ultrastructural observations have revealed
      diabetes-induced deformity of Schwann cells and basal lamina, accumulation of
      synaptic vesicles and deprivation of the dense-core vesicles in the axon
      terminals and varicosities. The increase in immunoreactivities in 5-HT and PGP
      9.5 and shrinkage of pineal gland in the diabetic rats suggest an inefficient
      enzyme activity of the pinealocytes. This coupled with the occurrence of
      anomalous TH nerve fibers, may lead to an ineffective sympathetic innervation of
      the pinealocytes resulting in reduced melatonin production in STZ-induced
      diabetes.

PMID- 18155793
TI  - The effects of a biocide and a surfactant on the detachment of Pseudomonas
      fluorescens from glass surfaces.
AB  - Application of antimicrobial chemicals is a general procedure in the cleaning and
      disinfection of food-contacting surfaces. Adhesion to glass surfaces and
      chemically induced detachment of Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 13525(T) were
      studied in situ, under flow conditions, in a well-controlled parallel plate flow
      chamber (PPFC). Ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide
      (CTAB) were applied separately, at several concentrations, to attached bacteria
      and their subsequent detachment was monitored. Following treatments the remaining
      adhered bacteria were characterized in terms of viability and cell size.
      Simultaneously, the planktonic cell surface was characterized in order to
      correlate PPFC results with thermodynamic approaches for adhesion evaluation, and
      surface free energy of chemically treated cells with adhesion strength. About
      2.8x10(6) cells/cm(2) adhered to the glass surface after 30 min of bacterial
      flow, although thermodynamic analyses evidenced unfavourable adhesion. The
      independent application of OPA and CTAB promoted bacterial detachment to a small
      extent (16% of total cells). The remaining adhering bacteria were totally non
      viable for OPA> or =0.75 mM and CTAB> or =0.25 mM, showing a lack of correlation
      between bacterial viability and detachment. The cellular size decreased as
      attachment proceeded and with chemical treatment. Both chemicals altered the cell
      surface properties, increasing the cell-glass adhesion strength, and promoting
      the emergence of polar characteristics. The overall results emphasize that OPA
      and CTAB were markedly ineffective in removing glass-attached P. fluorescens,
      demonstrating that bacteria can be non-viable but remain strongly attached to the
      adhesion surface.

PMID- 18155794
TI  - Ammonia disinfection of animal feeds --laboratory study.
AB  - Animal feeds may be contaminated, accidentally or maliciously, with a number of
      zoonotic bacteria. Animal infections with these bacterial agents, whether or not
      they cause animal disease, may lead to human illnesses. Anhydrous ammonia was
      introduced on farms in developed countries as a high-nitrogen soil amendment, but
      later found use in enhancing crude protein in low-quality roughage fed to
      ruminants and in neutralizing mycotoxins in fungus-infested feed grains. Although
      ammonia has been known to be effective against bacteria in other contexts (e.g.,
      manure, community sewage sludge, seeds for sprouting, and boneless lean beef
      trimmings), it appears that the antibacterial effect of ammoniating animal feeds
      had not been tested. In the present study, samples of roughage (wheat straw, corn
      silage) and concentrates (corn grain, cottonseed) produced as animal feed were
      contaminated with dried-on zoonotic bacteria (Salmonella Newport in all;
      Campylobacte jejuni, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia
      enterocolitica in corn grain only). Disinfection with anhydrous ammonia gas was
      conducted for 24 h at room temperature ( 25 degrees C). The treatment was least
      effective in silage because the silage alone showed strong antibacterial
      activity, which may have been slightly reduced by ammoniation. In the other three
      feeds, depending on the initial level of contamination, ammonia destruction of
      >or= 5 log10 cfu/g (99.999%) of the selected contaminant was usually observed.

PMID- 18155795
TI  - A new hydrotropic block copolymer micelle system for aqueous solubilization of
      paclitaxel.
AB  - Paclitaxel (PTX), a potent anti-cancer drug, is poorly soluble in water, and this
      has been a major limitation in developing patient friendly formulations for
      clinical applications. Recent studies on polymeric micelles, especially
      hydrotropic polymer micelles, have suggested an alternative formulation of PTX
      based on their high loading capacity and physical stability in aqueous media. The
      present study aims at aqueous solubilization of PTX in polymer micelles without
      using any organic solvents that is usually required for solubilization in polymer
      micelles. Poly(ethylene glycol) was used as a hydrophilic block and, as a
      hydrotropic block, poly(4-(2-vinylbenzyloxy-N-picolylnicotinamide)) (P(2-VBOPNA))
      was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. The hydrotropic block
      copolymers did not form a micellar structure at pH 2 or below due to protonation
      of PNA groups, but the aqueous solubility of PTX increased significantly by the
      hydrotropic activity of P(2-VBOPNA). At pH values higher than 2, the PTX
      solubility increased even further due to deprotonation of 2-VBOPNA, leading to
      effective polymer micellization. A longer hydrotropic block resulted in higher
      aqueous PTX solubility, and slightly slower release rate from the micelles. The
      hydrotropic block copolymers synthesized in this study are able to form PTX
      loaded polymeric micelles in aqueous solution without using any organic solvents.

PMID- 18155797
TI  - Predicting failure to control bleeding and mortality in acute variceal bleeding.

PMID- 18155796
TI  - Small proline-rich proteins (SPRR) function as SH3 domain ligands, increase
      resistance to injury and are associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition
      (EMT) in cholangiocytes.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Deficient biliary epithelial cell (BEC) expression of small
      proline-rich protein (SPRR) 2A in IL-6(-/-) mice is associated with defective
      biliary barrier function after bile duct ligation. And numerous gene array
      expression studies show SPRR2A to commonly be among the most highly up-regulated
      genes in many non-squamous, stressed and remodeling barrier epithelia. Since the
      function of SPRR in these circumstances is unknown, we tested the exploratory
      hypothesis that BEC SPRR2A expression contributes to BEC barrier function and
      wound repair. METHODS: The effect of SPRR2A expression was studied in primary
      mouse BEC cultures; in a BEC cell line after forced overexpression of SPRR2A; and
      in human livers removed at the time of liver transplantation. RESULTS: Forced
      SPRR2A overexpression showed that it functions as a SH3 domain ligand that
      increases resistance to oxidative injury and promotes wound restitution by
      enhancing migration and acquisition of mesenchymal characteristics. Low
      confluency non-neoplastic mouse BEC cultures show a phenotype similar to the
      stable transfectants, as did spindle-shaped BEC participating in atypical
      ductular reactions in primary biliary cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS: These observations
      suggest that SPRR2A-related BEC barrier modifications represent a novel, but
      widely utilized and evolutionarily conserved, response to stress that is worthy
      of further study.

PMID- 18155798
TI  - Bio-artificial liver devices--tentative, but promising progress.

PMID- 18155799
TI  - Computational dose predictions for combined treatment of hemofiltration with
      weekly hemodialysis.
AB  - Hemodialysis (HD) has sufficient efficacy as a conventional diffusive treatment
      for removing small molecules, whereas hemofiltration (HF), which is a convective
      treatment, has an improved the clearance of intermediate-sized molecules. This
      paper reports a combined treatment (CT) which combines the diffusive and
      convective efficacies of HF several times weekly with HD weekly. CT modalities
      with various schedules and prescriptions are described mathematically using a
      variable-volume two-compartment kinetics model, and the kinetic parameters were
      obtained from previous clinical reports and a hemodialysis-related database. The
      blood concentration profiles of the three waste molecules for 52 weeks were
      calculated in order to compare the capability of removing small and intermediate
      sized molecules to those of other renal treatments. The results by a computer
      simulation show that CT can reduce the frequency of sessions and the volume of
      replacement fluid compared with daily convective treatment, and achieve the
      adequate treatment efficiency with both small and intermediate-sized molecules
      for chronic renal failure patients.

PMID- 18155800
TI  - Biopharmaceutical challenges associated with drugs with low aqueous solubility-
      the potential impact of lipid-based formulations.
AB  - The percentage of new chemical entities synthesised with low aqueous solubility
      and high therapeutic efficacy is growing, this presents major challenges for the
      drug delivery scientists. The role of physicochemical properties in
      identification of suitable drug candidates for oral lipid-based delivery systems
      is discussed. A knowledge of the interplay of physicochemical and
      biopharmaceutical drug properties with the physiological environment of the
      gastro-intestinal tract (GIT), as a prerequisite to successful formulation
      design, is reviewed. The importance of excipient selection with an emphasis on
      bioactive excipients is stressed. The need for more examples of in vitro-in vivo
      correlations as a means of maximizing the development potential and commercial
      future for lipid-based formulations, and, promoting confidence within the
      industry for these delivery systems is highlighted.

PMID- 18155801
TI  - Enhancing intestinal drug solubilisation using lipid-based delivery systems.
AB  - Lipid-based delivery systems are finding increasing application in the oral
      delivery of poorly water-soluble, lipophilic drugs. Whilst lipidic dose forms may
      improve oral bioavailability via several mechanisms, enhancement of
      gastrointestinal solubilisation remains argueably the most important method of
      absorption enhancement. This review firstly describes the mechanistic rationale
      which underpins the use of lipid-based delivery systems to enhance drug
      solubilisation and briefly reviews the available literature describing increases
      in oral bioavailability after the administration of lipid solution, suspension
      and self-emulsifying formulations. The use of in vitro methods including
      dispersion tests and more complex models of in vitro lipolysis as indicators of
      potential in vivo performance are subsequently described, with particular focus
      on recent data which suggests that the digestion of surfactants present in lipid
      based formulations may impact on formulation performance. Finally, a series of
      seven guiding principles for formulation design of lipid-based delivery systems
      are suggested based on an analysis of recent data generated in our laboratories
      and elsewhere.

PMID- 18155802
TI  - The number of residual metastatic lymph nodes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy
      predicts survival in patients with stage III NSCLC.
AB  - The prognosis of patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who
      achieve a pathological complete response or downstaging following neoadjuvant
      therapies are better than the prognosis of patients with residual metastatic
      lymph nodes (LN). However, the prognostic significance of the number of residual
      metastatic LNs remains unclear. From January 2001 to January 2006, 42 consecutive
      patients with stage IIIAN2 (22 patients) and IIIB without pleural effusion (20
      patients) were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Thirty-four (81.0%) of the
      42 patients were pathologically staged by mediastinoscopy. Neoadjuvant
      chemotherapy consisted of 3 cycles of platinum-based doublet (21 patients with
      gemcitabine, 15 with paclitaxel, and 6 with docetaxel). After neoadjuvant
      chemotherapy, a pathological complete response was achieved in one patient and
      downstaging was achieved in 24 patients. Pathological LN metastasis was absent in
      9 patients (21.4%) and present in 33 patients (78.6%). With a median follow-up of
      23 months, the 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate of patients without
      residual LN metastasis was statistically better than that of patients with
      residual LN metastasis (46% vs. 18% respectively, P=0.03). Among 33 patients with
      residual LN metastasis, age (P=0.01), pathological downstaging (P=0.098) and the
      number of residual metastatic LNs (median 14 months in 1-4 LN vs. median 5 months
      in LN > or =5; P=0.011) were significant predictors of DFS in univariate
      analysis. In multivariate analysis, the number of residual metastatic LNs was an
      independent predictor of DFS among patients with residual LN metastasis,
      irrespective of pathological downstaging. The number of residual metastatic lymph
      nodes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an independent predictor of DFS in
      patients with stage III NSCLC.

PMID- 18155803
TI  - Drought, but not salinity, determines the apparent effectiveness of halophytes
      colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
AB  - The halophytes Plantago maritima, Aster tripolium, Artemisia santonicum,
      Puccinellia limosa, Festuca pseudovina and Lepidium crassifolium from two
      different saline soils of the Hungarian steppe were examined for colonization by
      arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The salt aster (A. tripolium) and the sea
      plantain (P. maritima) were examined more thoroughly by recording root
      colonization parameters, the salt content in the soil and monthly precipitations
      in 2001 and 2002. Mycorrhizal colonization was maximal in late spring to early
      summer and had a second peak later in the autumn. Arbuscule formation and overall
      mycorrhizal colonization appeared to be inversely correlated with the intensity
      of rainfall at the investigated sites. The results suggest that, in addition to
      seasonality, drought may play an important role in governing mycorrhizal activity
      in saline habitats. In greenhouse experiments, conditions in which AMF could
      overcome the inhibitory effects of sodium chloride on establishing plant
      mycorrhizal symbiosis were not met.

PMID- 18155804
TI  - Water stress and cell wall polysaccharides in the apical root zone of wheat
      cultivars varying in drought tolerance.
AB  - Glycosyl composition and linkage analysis of cell wall polysaccharides were
      examined in apical root zones excised from water-stressed and unstressed wheat
      seedlings (Triticum durum Desf.) cv. Capeiti ("drought-tolerant") and cv. Creso
      ("drought sensitive"). Wall polysaccharides were sequentially solubilized to
      obtain three fractions: CDTA+Na(2)CO(3) extract, KOH extract and the insoluble
      residue (alpha-cellulose). A comparison between the two genotypes showed only
      small variations in the percentages of matrix polysaccharides (CDTA+Na(2)CO(3)
      plus KOH extract) and of the insoluble residues (alpha-cellulose) in water
      stressed and unstressed conditions. Xylosyl, glucosyl and arabinosyl residues
      represented more than 90 mol% of the matrix polysaccharides. The linkage analysis
      of matrix polysaccharides showed high levels of xyloglucans (23-39 mol%), and
      arabinoxylans (38-48 mol%) and a low amount of pectins and (1-->3), (1-->4)-beta
      D-glucans. The high level of xyloglucans was supported by the release of the
      diagnostic disaccharide isoprimeverose after Driselase digestion of KOH-extracted
      polysaccharides. In the "drought-tolerant" cv. Capeiti the mol% of side chains of
      rhamnogalacturonan I and II significantly increased in response to water stress,
      whereas in cv. Creso, this increase did not occur. The results support a role of
      the pectic side chains during water stress response in a drought-tolerant wheat
      cultivar.

PMID- 18155805
TI  - Gas exchange and photosynthetic water use efficiency in response to light, CO2
      concentration and temperature in Vicia faba.
AB  - Light and temperature-response curves and their resulting coefficients, obtained
      within ecophysiological characterization of gas exchanges at the leaf level, may
      represent useful criteria for breeding and cultivar selection and required tools
      for simulation models aimed at the prediction of potential plant behaviour in
      response to environmental conditions. Leaf-scale gas exchanges, by means of an
      IRGA open-flow system, were measured in response to light intensity (8 levels
      from 0 up to 2000 micromol m(-2) s(-1)), CO(2) concentrations (ambient-350
      micromol mol(-1) and short-term enriched-700 micromol mol(-1)) and air
      temperature (from 7 up to 35 degrees C) on three Vicia faba L. genotypes, each
      representing one of the three cultivated groups: major, equina and minor. The net
      assimilation rate response to light intensity was well described by an
      exponential rise to max function. The short-term CO(2) enrichment markedly
      increased the values of light response curve parameters such as maximum
      photosynthetic rate (+80%), light saturation point (+40%) and quantum yield
      (+30%), while less homogenous behaviour was reported for dark respiration and
      light compensation point. For each light intensity level, the major and minor
      genotypes studied showed assimilation rates at least a 30% higher than equina.
      The positive effects of short-term CO(2) enrichment on photosynthetic water use
      efficiency (WUE) indicate a relevant advantage in doubling CO(2) concentration.
      In the major and minor genotypes studied, similar assimilation rates, but
      different WUE were observed. The optimum leaf temperature for assimilation
      process, calculated through a polynomial function, was 26-27 degrees C and no
      relevant limitations were observed in the range between 21 and 32 degrees C.
      Analysis at the single leaf level provided both rapid information on the
      variations in gas exchange in response to environmental factors and selection
      criteria for the screening of genotypes.

PMID- 18155806
TI  - Alterations of the gene expression, lipid peroxidation, proline and thiol content
      along the barley root exposed to cadmium.
AB  - Barley seedlings grown on filter paper moistened with 1mM Cd showed 50% root
      growth inhibition within 24h of exposure. The amount of cadmium after 24h Cd
      treatment was highest in the first 2mm-long apical root segment, while it was
      slightly higher in the fourth segment, 6-8mm behind the root tip, after 48h. In
      recovery experiments, when Cd-treated plants were transferred onto filter paper
      moistened with distilled water, a large amount of Cd was localised in the
      apoplast and considerable cell death was detected even though root growth was
      renewed. This indicates that cell death is likely an active physiological process
      that contributes to the removal of Cd from the root during root growth recovery.
      Elevated lipid peroxidation and thiol contents were detected in all individual
      segments of Cd-treated barley root. On the other hand, proline accumulation was
      disturbed during Cd stress, showing a significant decrease in all of the studied
      segments except the first. Cd-induced alteration in the expression of genes
      involved in metal signalling and detoxification and in drought and oxidative
      stress responses indicates that Cd-induced water and oxidative stress is
      responsible for the root growth inhibition, probably through an accelerated
      differentiation of root tissues.

PMID- 18155807
TI  - Food preferences do not influence adolescent high-level athletes' dietary intake.
AB  - To assess the influence of preferences on food and nutritional intake in a group
      of adolescent high-level athletes, 22 male soccer players (14-16 years) were
      recruited. Individuals were asked to fill in a specific questionnaire including
      15 food groups that had to be ranked according to their preferences. Three
      categories were established: "Like" (ranked 1-5), "Indifferent" (6-10), and
      "Dislike" (11-15). Dietary intake was assessed using the weighed food method (for
      nutrient intake) and a quantitative open-ended food frequency questionnaire (for
      the number of standard portions of each food group ingested daily). The main
      preferences were Meat, poultry and derivates (ranked 1-5 in 83% of individuals)
      and Pasta (58%), while Vegetables (ranked 11-15 in 82%) and Fish (64%) were the
      main dislikes. The most frequently consumed food groups were Fruits and fruit
      juices (3.9 portions/day), Bread (3.0), and Biscuits, confectionery and sweets
      (3.0). No statistical differences were found in food consumption between
      preference groups, and no relation was found between preferences and nutritional
      intake, except for those individuals who especially like Bread, which had
      statistically higher energy and carbohydrate intake. Food preferences and food
      and nutritional intake of adolescent high-level soccer players were, effectively,
      unrelated.

PMID- 18155808
TI  - Effect of pregnancy on food consumption and consciousness factors associated with
      food satisfaction.
AB  - To examine the effect of pregnancy on food consumption, we surveyed the recall of
      past experience of two groups of women, those who had been pregnant (PY, n=188)
      and those who never had (PN, n=111), regarding their food consumption and related
      dietary behaviors. The questionnaire, answered with regard to potato chips,
      contained 135 objective components expressing sensorial stimuli and 103
      subjective consciousness components, including knowledge, education, faith,
      memory, experience, lifestyle, family values, imagination, and mental state. In
      the PY group, 86% of the women change in food consumption and preference during
      pregnancy, and 60% experienced decreased food consumption during emesis
      gravidarum (EG). The change in food consumption during and after periods of EG
      was influenced by the number of previous births for the women in the PY group; in
      women pregnant for a second or third time, the change in food intake was less
      than during the previous pregnancy. The difference in food satisfaction with
      regard to potato chips between the PY and PN groups showed that overall food
      satisfaction could not be explained by a combination of objective sensorial
      components; the only objective components that were directly related to overall
      satisfaction were taste and texture. Multidimensional analysis with strength of
      sensorial stimulus, preference, and overall satisfaction revealed differences in
      patterns between the PN and PY groups. The effect of the consciousness components
      on food preference and satisfaction was comparable to that of the sensorial
      components.

PMID- 18155809
TI  - Effects of selective modulation of the central melanocortin-3-receptor on food
      intake and hypothalamic POMC expression.
AB  - Hypothalamic POMC neurons regulate energy balance via interactions with brain
      melanocortin receptors (MC-Rs). POMC neurons express the MC3-R which can function
      as an inhibitory autoreceptor in vitro. We now demonstrate that central
      activation of MC3-R with ICV infusion of the specific MC3-R agonist, [D-Trp(8)]
      gamma-MSH, transiently suppresses hypothalamic Pomc expression and stimulates
      food intake in rats. Conversely, we also show that ICV infusion of a low dose of
      a selective MC3-R antagonist causes a transient decrease in feeding and weight
      gain. These data support a functional inhibitory role for the MC3-R on POMC
      neurons that leads to changes in food intake.

PMID- 18155810
TI  - Synthesis and structure guided evaluation of estrogen agonist and antagonist
      activities of some new tetrazolyl indole derivatives.
AB  - Several regioisomeric tetrazolyl indole derivatives with structurally modified
      alkyl substituents at the tetracyclic indole nitrogen containing N-ethyl amino
      tetrazole moiety have been synthesized and screened for their ER binding
      affinity, agonist (estrogenic), antagonist (antiestrogenic) and anti-implantation
      activities. N-2 regioisomers were found to be moderately antagonists and one
      compound showed 100% contraceptive efficacy at 10 mg/kg dose. Molecular docking
      studies carried out in comparison to estradiol and raloxifene showed different
      binding modes of the two regioisomers to the binding site.

PMID- 18155811
TI  - Immunogenicity and safety of combined intradermal recombinant Hepatitis B with
      BCG vaccines at birth.
AB  - This randomized, prospective, non-inferiority study aimed to quantify anti-HBs
      titers induced by recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine from healthy infants vaccinated
      with combined Hepatitis B and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccines (HbsAg 10
      microg plus BCG suspension 0.1mg) and compare them to titers obtained with
      separated vaccines. Infants were immunized at birth either with combined
      intradermal (ID) BCG and Hepatitis B or ID BCG alone and intramuscular (IM)
      Hepatitis B. Both groups received IM Hepatitis B at 1 and 6 months of age. After
      the third dose anti-HBs titers > or =10 IU/mL were observed in 99% of vaccinees
      and > or =1000 IU/mL in 71%. There were no adverse events in both groups.
      Combination of HbsAg with BCG as first dose did not modify the profile of the
      humoral immune response for Hepatitis B indicating safety and immunogenicity of
      this vaccine in newborn.

PMID- 18155812
TI  - Alpha C protein-specific immunity in humans with group B streptococcal
      colonization and invasive disease.
AB  - Alpha C protein, found in 76% of non-type III strains of group B Streptococcus
      (GBS), elicits antibodies protective against alpha C-expressing strains in
      experimental animals, making it an appealing carrier for a GBS conjugate vaccine.
      We determined whether natural exposure to alpha C elicits antibodies in women.
      Geometric mean concentrations of alpha C-specific IgM and IgG were similar by
      ELISA in sera from 58 alpha C GBS strain colonized and 174 age-matched non
      colonized women (IgG 245 and 313 ng/ml; IgM 257 and 229 ng/ml, respectively), but
      acute sera from 13 women with invasive alpha C-expressing GBS infection had
      significantly higher concentrations (IgM 383 and IgG 476 ng/ml [p=0.036 and
      0.038, respectively]). Convalescent sera from 5 of these women 16-49 days later
      had high alpha C-specific IgM and IgG concentrations (1355 and 4173 ng/ml,
      respectively). In vitro killing of alpha C-expressing GBS correlated with total
      alpha C-specific antibody concentration. Invasive disease but not colonization
      elicits alpha C-specific IgM and IgG in adults.

PMID- 18155814
TI  - Sorption behavior of selenium on humic acid under increasing selenium
      concentration or increasing solid/liquid ratio.
AB  - The sorption of selenium (Se) on humic acid (HA) was investigated in order to
      better understand the fate of stable and radioactive Se in soils and sediments.
      An ultrafiltration technique was used to determine size distributions of HA
      sorbed-Se when increasing Se concentration and solid/liquid ratio. The results
      showed that the Se sorption onto HA followed the Freundlich isotherm. No
      solid/liquid ratio-dependence was observed especially when <3 kDa molecular size
      fraction was used from solid/liquid separation. The Freundlich isotherm
      parameters K(F) and n obtained using the <3 kDa molecular size fraction for
      solid/liquid separation were 3.7 x 10(2) and 0.82, respectively. In addition,
      since dissolved HA increased with decreased ionic strength in the HA suspension,
      ionic strength could promote aggregation of HA. The conformational change of HA
      could affect the sorption behavior of Se on HA.

PMID- 18155813
TI  - Correlation of immunogenicities and in vitro expression levels of recombinant
      modified vaccinia virus Ankara HIV vaccines.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to correlate the in vitro level of HIV Env
      expression by recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA) with
      immunogenicity in mice. A 5-fold difference in Env synthesis was achieved at the
      translational level by the presence or absence of an out-of-frame initiation
      codon upstream of the env gene. This perturbation had no effect on the size or
      processing of Env. In contrast to the variation in Env synthesis, the rMVAs
      produced similar amounts of HIV Gag, which were expressed from identical
      cassettes. Mice immunized with the higher Env expressing rMVAs had about 15-fold
      higher titers of Env antibodies and several fold higher frequencies of Env
      specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells than mice immunized with the low expresser. The
      greater immune response achieved by high expression was maintained over a 100
      fold dose range. Importantly, enhanced Env immune responses did not come at the
      expense of lower Gag T cell responses. These data suggest that for high
      immunogenicity, rMVAs should be engineered to produce the most recombinant
      protein that can be achieved without compromising the growth and stability of the
      rMVA.

PMID- 18155815
TI  - Testicular carcinoma presenting as cutaneous nasal metastasis: case report and
      review of the literature.
AB  - Testicular choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant germ cell neoplasm, which
      metastasises to lungs, and brain. Spread to the skin, however, is rare, with only
      11 cases reported to our knowledge. This is the second reported case of a skin
      metastasis of choriocarcinoma to the head and neck, and the third in which a
      cutaneous metastasis was the first finding at initial presentation. A review of
      published reports showed that it had been described as individual firm, reddish
      or violaceous subcutaneous nodules with typical histological features.

PMID- 18155816
TI  - A comparison of labour and birth outcomes in Jordan with WHO guidelines: a
      descriptive study using a new birth record.
AB  - AIM: to examine data collected during the testing of a new birth record in Jordan
      from 1 July to 31 August 2004, and to compare these practices with guidelines
      from the World Health Organization (WHO) and evidence-based recommendations. This
      was part of a larger study that used an action research approach to engage
      practitioners in implementation of the new record. DESIGN: descriptive,
      comparative design. SETTING: three Ministry of Health hospitals in Jordan.
      PARTICIPANTS: the birth records of 1254 mothers and babies were used.
      MEASUREMENTS: data on selected labour and birth practices were collected from the
      records. Comparisons were made using recognised evidence-based guidelines.
      FINDINGS: the rates of a number of labour and birth practices were
      inappropriately high, and differed from WHO guidelines and evidence-based
      recommendations. The rates of augmentation of labour (46%) and episiotomy (53%)
      were particularly high, and seem to be in excess of the WHO recommendations,
      which state that neither of these practices should be undertaken routinely.
      IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: information on labour and birth practices can assist
      clinicians working in these three hospitals to reflect upon their care and
      outcomes. Clinicians may be able to use this information to change practice to
      improve care for women and babies. Organisational support and clinical leadership
      are necessary in order to provide health professionals with time and resources to
      access research data and undertake comparisons that can lead to health service
      and system-level improvement.

PMID- 18155817
TI  - The use of chelating agents in the remediation of metal-contaminated soils: a
      review.
AB  - This paper reviews current remediation technologies that use chelating agents for
      the mobilization and removal of potentially toxic metals from contaminated soils.
      These processes can be done in situ as enhanced phytoextraction, chelant enhanced
      electrokinetic extraction and soil flushing, or ex situ as the extraction of soil
      slurry and soil heap/column leaching. Current proposals on how to treat and
      recycle waste washing solutions after soil is washed are discussed. The major
      controlling factors in phytoextraction and possible strategies for reducing the
      leaching of metals associated with the application of chelants are also reviewed.
      Finally, the possible impact of abiotic and biotic soil factors on the toxicity
      of metals left after the washing of soil and enhanced phytoextraction are briefly
      addressed.

PMID- 18155818
TI  - The contribution of parental and grandparental childhood social disadvantage to
      circulatory disease diagnosis in young Swedish men.
AB  - Men born out of wedlock in early twentieth century Sweden who never married have
      previously been shown to have a doubled mortality risk from ischaemic heart
      disease compared to the corresponding group of men born to married parents. This
      study further explores the question of childhood social disadvantage and its long
      term consequences for cardiovascular health by examining the two subsequent
      generations. The question posed is whether the sons and grandsons of men and
      women born out of wedlock in early twentieth century Sweden have an increased
      risk of circulatory disease compared with the corresponding descendants of those
      born inside marriage. We examined this by use of military conscription data. The
      material used is the Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational database consisting
      of individuals born at Uppsala University Hospital between 1915 and 1929 (UG1),
      their children (UG2) and grandchildren (UG3). Conscription data were available
      for UG2s born between 1950 and 1982 (n=5,231) and UG3s born between 1953 and 1985
      (n=10,074) corresponding to 72.1% and 73.6%, respectively, of all males born in
      each time-period. Logistic regression showed that significant excess risk of
      circulatory disease diagnoses was present only among descendants of men born
      outside marriage, with sons and grandsons demonstrating odds ratios of 1.64 and
      1.83, respectively, when BMI and height at the time of conscription, father's
      social class in mid-life and father's or grandfather's history of circulatory
      disease had been adjusted for. Separate analyses showed that the effect of the
      maternal and paternal grandfather was of approximately the same magnitude.
      Further analyses revealed an interaction between the father's social class and
      the grandfather's legitimacy status at birth on UG3-men's likelihood of having a
      circulatory disease, with elevated odds only among those whose fathers were
      either manual workers or self-employed. The results of this study suggest that
      social disadvantage in one generation can be linked to health disadvantage in the
      subsequent two generations.

PMID- 18155819
TI  - Mental-physical comorbidity in an ethnically diverse population.
AB  - The relationship between mental disorders and chronic physical conditions is well
      established, but the possibility of ethnic group differences in mental-physical
      associations has seldom been investigated. This study investigated ethnic
      differences in associations between four physical conditions (chronic pain,
      cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and respiratory disease) and 12-month mood and
      anxiety disorders. A nationally representative face-to-face household survey was
      carried out in New Zealand from 2003 to 2004 with 12,992 participants aged 16 and
      older, achieving a response rate of 73.3%. The current study is of the subsample
      of 7,435 participants who were assessed for chronic physical conditions (via a
      standard checklist), and compares Maori, Pacific and Other New Zealanders. DSM-IV
      mental disorders were measured with the Composite International Diagnostic
      Interview (CIDI 3.0). The ethnic groups differed significantly in prevalences of
      both physical and mental disorders, but almost no ethnic differences in mental
      physical associations were found. Independent of ethnicity, associations were
      observed between chronic pain and mood and anxiety disorders, cardiovascular
      disease and anxiety disorders, respiratory disease and mood and anxiety
      disorders. Despite differences in mental and physical health status between
      ethnic groups in New Zealand, mental-physical disorder associations occur with
      considerable consistency across the groups. These results suggest that whatever
      factors are conducive to the development of a mental disorder from a physical
      disorder (or vice versa), they are either unaffected by the cultural differences
      manifest in these ethnic groups, or, any cultural factors operating serve to both
      increase and decrease comorbidity such that they cancel each other out.

PMID- 18155820
TI  - Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry as a potential tool to detect lithium
      induced nephropathy: Preliminary results.
AB  - Lithium remains the treatment of choice for many patients suffering from bipolar
      disorder. However, long-term treatment with lithium carries the potential to
      cause renal and thyroid dysfunction. Lithium-induced nephropathies are
      characterised by deterioration of urinary concentrating ability as well as, less
      frequently, a progressive and potentially irreversible decrease in glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR). Pathological changes after treatment with lithium include
      both tubulointerstitial and glomerular changes. Besides monitoring of the kidney
      function, no screening-instruments exist for early identification of patients at
      risk of lithium-induced nephropathy. CE-MS (capillary electrophoresis coupled to
      a mass spectrometer) is a new technique that has been applied to the differential
      diagnosis of nephropathies. We sought to determine if CE-MS can be used to
      identify lithium-induced renal changes. A urine-sample was obtained from 14
      subjects (7 males, 7 females, mean age 51.1 years) under long-term treatment with
      lithium (mean duration 17.4 years, range 8-35 years) without known nephropathy
      (mean creatinine 0.96 mg/dl; range 0.7-1.6). Urine samples were stored at -20
      degrees C until analysis. CE-MS was performed according to standard procedures
      and a screen for nephropathies was used. Among the 14 urine samples, two subjects
      tested positive for a nephropathy. One further subject had a borderline result.
      Since 3/14 subjects with no known nephropathy showed some degree of pathological
      findings, CE-MS from a urine-sample may be helpful for the early detection of
      renal damage under treatment with lithium. However, a specific screen for lithium
      induced nephropathies still needs to be developed.

PMID- 18155821
TI  - Neonatal co-exposure to low doses of an ortho-PCB (PCB 153) and methyl mercury
      exacerbate defective developmental neurobehavior in mice.
AB  - Epidemiological studies have shown a discrepancy between children in the Faeroe
      Islands and children in the Seychelles with regard to neuropsychological defects
      during early development. Both populations have a high consumption of MeHg
      contaminated fish. The defective neuropsychological differences seen in children
      from the Faeroe Islands could be attributed to PCBs via the mother's dietary
      consumption of whale meat and blubber in addition to MeHg. We have previously
      reported that certain persistent environmental toxicants like PCBs, DDT and PBDEs
      can induce permanent developmental neurotoxic effects in mice when these agents
      are present during a critical period of the neonatal brain development. The
      present study investigates whether PCB 153 (an ortho-substituted PCB) can
      interact with MeHg to enhance developmental neurotoxic effects on spontaneous
      behavior and habituation. Neonatal NMRI male mice were exposed at 10 days of age
      to a single oral dose of one of the following doses: PCB 153 (1.4micromol/kg body
      weight), MeHg (0.08, 0.40, or 4.0mg/kg body weight), PCB 153 plus MeHg, or a
      vehicle (20% fat emulsion). Spontaneous behavior, habituation, and cognitive
      function were observed in 2- and 4-month-old mice. The present study demonstrates
      that an interaction from co-exposure to low doses of PCB 153 and MeHg enhances
      developmental neurotoxic effects. These effects are manifested as disrupted
      spontaneous behavior, lack of habituation, and reduced cognitive functions. These
      effects occur at doses within the same order of magnitude as reported for exposed
      children.

PMID- 18155822
TI  - A framework for valuing the health benefits of improved bathing water quality in
      the River Irvine catchment.
AB  - A simple model predicting bathing water concentrations of Escherichia coli from
      livestock in the Irvine catchment in SW Scotland has been adapted for intestinal
      enterococci (IE). This has been used to predict risk of bather illness by
      extrapolation of published data on bather IE exposure vs incidence of gastro
      enteritis. Simulated reduction in the risk of illness by reduced faecal loading
      was multiplied by a willingness to pay for risk reduction to estimate the annual
      benefits of mitigation. Health benefits of reducing loading by 75% at Irvine
      Beach were estimated by a willingness to pay method to be about pound 276k pa.
      Estimated annualised costs of diffuse pollution mitigation measures across the
      catchment were higher (> pound 1m), and it is very unlikely that 75% mitigation
      is achievable with current stocking rates. Further work should explore the
      influence of uncertainty of model parameters, and use emerging epidemiological
      information on specific zoonotic pathogens such as E. coli O157 and
      Cryptosporidium. Other components of the value of clean water should also be
      included to obtain a complete estimate of the cost:benefit of mitigation.

PMID- 18155823
TI  - Editorial comment on: cold-knife incision of anastomotic strictures after radical
      retropubic prostatectomy with bladder neck preservation: efficacy and impact on
      urinary continence status.

PMID- 18155824
TI  - Cold-knife incision of anastomotic strictures after radical retropubic
      prostatectomy with bladder neck preservation: efficacy and impact on urinary
      continence status.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence and characteristics of anastomotic
      strictures (AS) after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) with bladder-neck
      preservation (BNP), the efficacy of management with cold-knife incision (CKI),
      and its impact on urinary continence. METHODS: Seven hundred five consecutive
      patients who underwent RRP with BNP were prospectively followed with uroflowmetry
      at postoperative months 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and investigated for urinary incontinence
      with the 1-h pad test at AS diagnosis obtained with urethroscopy. If the
      instrument could not dilate the stricture, CKI was subsequently performed. Follow
      up after treatment was performed with uroflowmetry and 1-h pad test at months 1,
      3, 6, 9, 12. Recurrent AS was always treated with repeated CKI. RESULTS: Six
      hundred forty-eight patients were assessable. After a median time of 3.8 mo from
      RRP, 46 (7.1%) patients developed AS. Urinary incontinence was present in 21
      (46%) men at AS diagnosis. Three (7%) patients were successfully managed by
      urethroscopic dilation only, whereas 43 (93%) required CKI. Eleven (26%) of the
      latter had recurrent AS. After a median follow-up of 48 mo from the last AS
      treatment, all patients are stricture-free, de novo urinary incontinence was
      never documented, and of the 21 originally incontinent men, 11 became continent,
      8 improved and 2 remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, BNP does not
      decrease the incidence of AS after RRP; however, AS can be effectively managed
      with repeated CKI with a final 100% success rate. CKI has a possible positive
      impact on urinary continence in 90% of patients, without causing de novo
      incontinence.

PMID- 18155825
TI  - The use of lingual mucosal graft in adult anterior urethroplasty: surgical steps
      and short-term outcome.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Investigate the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of using the
      lingual mucosal graft (LMG) for anterior urethroplasty. METHODS: Ten patients
      (average age, 41 yr) underwent substitution urethroplasty LMG. Harvesting the
      graft from the tongue was performed by either the oral surgeon or the urologist.
      In five patients with penile urethral strictures, the grafts were placed on the
      dorsal urethral surface as a "dorsal inlay." In five patients with bulbar
      urethral strictures, the grafts were used as a "dorsal inlay" (3 cases) or
      "ventral onlay" (2 cases). The average follow-up was 5 mo (range: 3-12 mo).
      RESULTS: Nine cases (90%) were successful and one (10%) was a failure. Three
      patients who underwent bulbar urethroplasty showed prior failed repair using
      buccal mucosal grafts harvested from a single cheek (1 case), from both cheeks (1
      case), or from the lip (1 case). The length of the lingual grafts was 4-6cm
      (mean: 4.5cm) with a width of 2.5cm. No patient developed early or late
      postoperative complications on the harvest site related to the tongue surgery. No
      difference was observed in patients in whom the graft harvesting was performed by
      the oral surgeon compared to the patients in whom the procedure was performed by
      the urologist. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical technique for harvesting a graft from
      the tongue is simple and safe. The tongue may be the best alternative donor site
      to the lip when a thin graft is required for urethroplasty or when the cheek
      harvesting is not possible.

PMID- 18155826
TI  - Editorial comment on: the use of lingual mucosal graft in adult anterior
      urethroplasty: surgical steps and short-term outcome.

PMID- 18155827
TI  - Editorial comment on: cold-knife incision of anastomotic strictures after radical
      retropubic prostatectomy with bladder neck preservation: efficacy and impact on
      urinary continence status.

PMID- 18155828
TI  - The mutations and potential targets of the forkhead transcription factor FOXL2.
AB  - Mutations of FOXL2, a gene encoding a forkhead transcription factor, have been
      shown to cause the blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES).
      This genetic disorder is characterized by eyelid and mild craniofacial
      abnormalities that can appear associated with premature ovarian failure. FOXL2 is
      one of the earliest ovarian markers and it offers, along with its targets, an
      excellent model to study ovarian development and function in normal and
      pathological conditions. In this review we summarize recent data concerning
      FOXL2, its mutations and its potential targets. Indeed, many mutations have been
      described in the coding sequence of FOXL2. Among them, polyalanine expansions and
      premature nonsense mutations have been shown to induce protein aggregation. In
      the context of the ovary, FOXL2 has been suggested to be involved in the
      regulation of cholesterol and steroid metabolism, apoptosis, reactive oxygen
      species detoxification and inflammation processes. The elucidation of the impact
      of FOXL2 mutations on its function will allow a better understanding of the
      pathogenic mechanisms underlying the BPES phenotype.

PMID- 18155829
TI  - Morphogenesis of the mammalian blastocyst.
AB  - The first 4 days of mouse pre-implantation development are characterized by a
      period of segmentation, including morphogenetic events that are required for the
      divergence of embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages. These extra-embryonic
      tissues are essential for the implantation into the maternal uterus and for the
      development of the foetus. In this review, we first discuss data showing
      unambiguously that no essential axis of development is set up before the late
      blastocyst stage, and explain why the pre-patterning described during the early
      phases (segmentation) of development in other vertebrates cannot apply to
      mammalian pre-implantation period. Then, we describe important cellular and
      molecular events that are required for the morphogenesis of the blastocyst.

PMID- 18155830
TI  - Antibodies directed against L1-CAM synergize with Genistein in inhibiting growth
      and survival pathways in SKOV3ip human ovarian cancer cells.
AB  - Antibodies directed against the L1 cell adhesion protein inhibit growth of
      SKOV3ip human ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Responses of SKOV3ip
      cells in vitro to anti-L1 mAb chCE7 and Genistein were investigated. Genistein
      potentiated the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of chCE7 in SKOV3ip
      cells. A combination of mAb chCE7 and Genistein strongly reduced the sensitivity
      of p44/42 (Erk1,2) kinase, Src kinase and Akt kinase to extracellular stimulation
      with serum, Epidermal Growth Factor and Hepatocyte Growth Factor. The observed
      synergy of antibodies directed against L1 with Genistein could lead to a new
      therapeutic option for ovarian cancer.

PMID- 18155831
TI  - Ezrin silencing by small hairpin RNA reverses metastatic behaviors of human
      breast cancer cells.
AB  - Ezrin primarily acts as a linker between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton
      and is a key component in tumor metastasis. In the present study, RNA
      interference (RNAi) using ezrin small hairpin RNAs (ezrin shRNAs) was used to
      define the roles of ezrin in the regulation of malignant behaviors of human
      breast cancer. The highly metastatic human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231, in
      which ezrin mRNA and protein levels are the highest, was selected as a cell model
      in vitro. In addition, we also found that ezrin expression was up-regulated and
      its immuno-staining trans-located from cell membrane to cytoplasm, whereas E
      cadherin expression decreased and showed the same cell distribution as ezrin in
      lymphatic metastases of human breast carcinomas. After repression of ezrin by
      more than 85% of G3PDH and 75% of beta-actin in mRNA and protein levels was
      maintained in the stable expressing ezrin shRNAs MDA-MB-231 cell clones, the
      abilities of cell motility and invasiveness were obviously inhibited with a 4
      fold and 2-fold, respectively, and the altered cell polarity was observed.
      Western blot analyses further revealed that the silencing of ezrin induced an
      increased E-cadherin expression and a decreased phosphorylation of beta-catenin
      by inhibiting phosphorylation levels of c-src. These data indicate that ezrin
      overexpression positively correlated with metastatic potentials of human breast
      cancer cells, especially lymphatic system metastasis. Decreased ezrin expression
      by shRNA reversed metastatic behaviors of human breast cancer cells by inducing c
      src-mediated E-cadherin expression, suggesting that ezrin may have potential
      values in assessing lymphatic metastasis of human breast cancers.

PMID- 18155832
TI  - Photodegradation kinetics of formaldehyde using light sources of UVA, UVC and
      UVLED in the presence of composed silver titanium oxide photocatalyst.
AB  - This study investigated the surface modification of photocatalyst and
      photodecomposition of formaldehyde from indoor pollution source. This study
      explored the feasibility of the application of the ultraviolet light emitting
      diode (UVLED) instead of the traditional ultraviolet (UV) lamp to treat the
      formaldehyde. The photocatalytic decomposition of formaldehyde at various initial
      concentrations was elucidated according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The
      reaction rate constant (k) and adsorption equilibrium constant (K(L)) over 0.334
      g silver titanium oxide photocatalyst (Ag/TiO2) coated on glass sticks with 254
      nm ultraviolet lamp (UVC), 365 nm ultraviolet lamp (UVA), and UVLED are 650 ppmv
      min(-1) and 2 x 10(-4)ppmv(-1), 500 ppmv min(-1) and 1.04 x 10(-4)ppmv(-1), and
      600 ppmv min(-1) and 2.52 x 10(-5)ppmv(-1), respectively. A comparison of the
      simulation results with the experimental data was also made, indicating good
      agreement. The magnitudes of energy effectiveness (E(e)) are in the order of
      UVLED (0.6942 mg kW(-1)h(-1))>UVA (0.007 mg kW(-1)h(-1))>UVC (0.0053 mg kW(-1)h(
      1)). The E(e) of UVLED is 131 times larger than that of UVC. The UVLED can save a
      lot of energy in comparison with the traditional UV lamps. Thus, this study
      showed the feasible and potential use of UVLED in photocatalysis.

PMID- 18155833
TI  - On-site spectrophotometric determination of antimony in water, soil and dust
      samples of Central India.
AB  - A new, selective and sensitive on-site spectrophotometric method for the
      determination of antimony at trace level in water, soil and dust samples of
      Central India has been demonstrated. It is based on the color reaction of Sb(III)
      with I(-) ions in the presence of a cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride
      (CPC) in acidic media, and subsequent extraction of the complex with N
      phenylbenzimidoylthiourea (PBITU) into chloroform to give a yellow colored
      complex. The value of apparent molar absorptivity of the complex in the terms of
      Sb is (7.84) x 10(4)l mol(-1)cm(-1) at 440 nm. The detection limit of the method
      is 5 ng ml(-1). In addition, the present method is free from interferences of all
      metal ions that are associated during the determination of antimony in
      environmental samples.

PMID- 18155834
TI  - Environmental conditions affecting exopolysaccharide production by Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, Micrococcus sp., and Ochrobactrum sp.
AB  - Three different chromium-resistant microorganisms (Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      Micrococcus sp., and Ochrobactrum sp.) were tested with regard to their EPS
      production at different pH levels, temperatures, Cr(VI) concentrations, and
      incubation periods. The optimum pH level was 7 for P. aeruginosa and Micrococcus
      sp., while it was 8 for Ochrobactrum sp. according to the highest EPS amount at
      100 mg/L Cr(VI) concentration. The highest production of EPSs by the three
      bacteria was obtained under different environmental conditions. P. aeruginosa
      produced the highest EPS (863.3 mg/L) after incubation for 96 h on media with 50
      mg/L Cr(VI) at 20 degrees C, Micrococcus sp. gave the highest yield (444.6 mg/L)
      after incubation for 72 h on media with 100 mg/L Cr(VI) at the same temperature,
      and Ochrobactrum sp. had the highest production (430.5 mg/L) on media with 150
      mg/L Cr(VI) at 30 degrees C at the end of 48 h of incubation.

PMID- 18155835
TI  - 5-HT reuptake and 5-HT2 receptors modulate capsaicin-evoked hypothermia in rats.
AB  - Numerous studies support a role for the endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
      system in the hypothermic effect of capsaicin. None of those studies, however,
      selectively delineate a role for 5-HT reuptake or 5-HT receptors in this regard.
      In the present investigation, we determined if the blockade of 5-HT reuptake or
      the activation of 5-HT(1A) or 5-HT(2) receptors modulates capsaicin-evoked
      hypothermia. The administration of capsaicin (0.2-1mg/kg, i.m.) produced dose
      related hypothermia. Fluoxetine (10mg/kg, i.p.), a selective serotonin reuptake
      inhibitor (SSRI), did not affect body temperature. For combined administration,
      pretreatment with fluoxetine (10mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated the
      hypothermia caused by capsaicin (0.5 and 1mg/kg, i.m.). For the 5-HT receptor
      experiments, we pretreated rats with either WAY 100635, a 5-HT(1A) receptor
      antagonist, or mianserin, a 5-HT(2) receptor antagonist, and then administered a
      fixed, hypothermic dose of capsaicin (1mg/kg, i.m.). WAY 100635 (1mg/kg, s.c.)
      administration did not affect capsaicin-evoked hypothermia. This indicates that 5
      HT(1A) receptor activation does not play a major role in the hypothermic effect
      of capsaicin. In contrast, pretreatment with mianserin (10mg/kg, i.p.) enhanced
      the hypothermic effect of capsaicin (1mg/kg, i.m.). The present data reveal that
      capsaicin-evoked hypothermia in rats is attenuated by the blockade of 5-HT
      reuptake and enhanced by the antagonism of 5-HT(2) receptors.

PMID- 18155836
TI  - PrPSc level and incubation time in a transgenic mouse model expressing Borna
      disease virus phosphoprotein after intracerebral prion infection.
AB  - Our previous studies have shown that the persistent expression of Borna disease
      virus phosphoprotein (BDV P) in mice leads to behavioral abnormalities resembling
      those in BDV-infected animals. In this study, we investigated whether the
      neurobehavioral abnormalities genetically induced by BDV P influence experimental
      prion disease. The effect of the phosphoprotein on prion diseases was evaluated
      based on the incubation time and survival curve, as well as the abnormal isoform
      of prion protein (PrP(Sc)) levels in brains of BDV P Tg mice treated with
      proteinase K (PK) treatment and subjected to western blotting. Increased
      expression of the BDV P transgene had no effect on the PrP(Sc) level, incubation
      time, or survival curve. The abnormalities induced by BDV P are different from
      those induced by prion diseases, indicating that the signaling cascades induced
      by the phosphoprotein differ from those induced by prion diseases.

PMID- 18155837
TI  - P300 and categorization in brand extension.
AB  - Brand extension is the behavior of applying an established brand to enter new
      product categories. Its success depends on the perception of attribute similarity
      between the original brand and the extension product. In this study, 16
      participants were required to decide the suitability of extending the brand in
      stimulus 1 to the product category in stimulus 2 during a S1-S2 paradigm. S1
      consists of 15 well-known beverage brands. S2 consists of products in two
      categories: beverage and non-beverage. P300 - an important component of ERP - was
      elicited in all probes. The P300 amplitude was larger and distributed over almost
      all parietal and occipital regions when S2 is a beverage product. The P300
      amplitude, however, was smaller and presented predominantly over the right
      regions when S2 is a non-beverage product. We speculate that the participants'
      decision process is a categorization process: they tried to classify the product
      in S2 into brand category in S1. In this process, the brand name in prime evoked
      the memory of specific products, and the neurons in corresponding cortex areas
      were activated. The higher similarity and coherence between the brand name in
      prime and the product name in probe produced an overlap of the similar stimuli in
      prime and probe, which resulted in larger P300. Otherwise, there is no overlap,
      resulting in smaller P300. Hence, the P300 may potentially be used in marketing
      research as an endogenous neural indicator of measuring consumers' attitude
      towards an intended brand extension.

PMID- 18155838
TI  - Gene silencing of ribosomal protein P0 is lethal to the tick Haemaphysalis
      longicornis.
AB  - Ribosomal protein P0 has been demonstrated to be a multifunctional protein in the
      large subunit of eukaryotic ribosome. In this study, a gene encoding ribosomal
      protein P0 termed HlP0 was isolated from a full-length salivary gland cDNA
      library previously constructed from the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. The full
      length cDNA of the HlP0 gene is 1141 bp, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 963
      bp. The ORF of the HlP0 gene encodes a putative protein of 320 amino acid
      residues, with a predicted molecular mass of 35 kDa. Reverse transcription
      polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated that the HlP0 gene
      transcript was expressed in all developmental stages and all tissues dissected
      from 4-day-fed adult ticks. Antibodies raised against recombinant HlP0 recognized
      a native protein with an expected molecular size of 35 kDa in all tested tissues.
      RNA interference of HlP0 gene was carried out by injecting ticks with PBS, green
      fluorescent protein (GFP) dsRNA, and HlP0 dsRNA. The results showed that ticks
      treated with HlP0 dsRNA obtained a strikingly lower body weight (2.63+/-1.21 mg
      vs. 226.75+/-74.80 mg in the PBS-injected group and 231.15+/-51.32 mg in the GFP
      dsRNA-injected group, Student's t-test, P<0.01), a lower engorgement rate (4% vs.
      100% and 94.11%, respectively), and higher mortality (96% vs. 2.5% and 10.4%,
      respectively) after blood-sucking than the control groups. This suggests that
      ribosomal protein P0 is required for the blood ingestion and subsequent viability
      of H. longicornis. This is the first report of ribosomal protein P0 from ticks.

PMID- 18155839
TI  - Development and evaluation of a recombinant antigen-based ELISA for serodiagnosis
      of cattle lungworm.
AB  - An optimised enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of
      Dictyocaulus viviparous-specific antibodies was developed and evaluated following
      the testing of various microtitration plates and anti-bovine Ig-conjugates. Based
      on recombinant major sperm protein (MSP) expressed as a glutathione-S-transferase
      (GST) fusion protein in Escherichia coli, sera collected from 112 cattle
      experimentally infected with D. viviparus, from 129 helminth-naive calves, 8
      calves experimentally infected with Ostertagia ostertagi, and 2 calves infected
      with Cooperia oncophora were tested. ELISA results showed a calculated
      specificity and sensitivity as well as positive and negative predictive values of
      >99%. No cross-reactions with sera from calves infected with O. ostertagi or C.
      oncophora were observed. Lungworm-specific immunoglobulins were first detected
      from 28 to 35 days post-infection onwards. To differentiate between antibody
      binding to the MSP-part or the GST-part of the fusion protein, additional ELISAs
      were performed using pure recombinant MSP or GST. Optical densities obtained from
      the ELISAs with the MSP showed a similar pattern to optical densities measured in
      the ELISAs with the fusion protein, whereas GST gave only a low background. By
      testing serum samples from naturally infected calves, it was found that the MSP
      ELISA is positive even for sera from calves showing very low faecal larval
      counts. Thus, we conclude that the ELISA using the recombinant MSP-fusion protein
      appears to be a suitable method for routine diagnosis and epidemiological studies
      of cattle lungworm.

PMID- 18155840
TI  - Mixed infection by Libyostrongylus douglassii and L. dentatus (Nematoda:
      Trichostrongylidae) in Struthio camelus (Ratites: Struthioniformes) from Brazil
      with further morphological characterization of adults.
AB  - The genus Libyostrongylus includes three species, L. douglassii, L. dentatus and
      L. magnus that occur as parasites in the proventriculus of Struthio camelus. We
      confirmed a mixed infection by L. douglassii and L. dentatus in farmed ostriches
      from the southeast of Brazil for the first time, and provided new information on
      some morphological characters that differentiate these species. Adult nematodes
      collected from the proventriculus of ostriches were observed by light and
      scanning electron microscopy. Morphologic characterization and morphometric
      analysis of the nematodes enabled the distinction of both species and
      corroborated results of prior studies. Specimens of L. dentatus have a buccal
      capsule with a prominent esophageal tooth. Furthermore, males and females of L.
      dentatus were larger (4954 and 9347 microm) than those of L. douglassii (3411 and
      4229 microm), but measurements for most characters in both species were smaller
      then those previously reported. Besides, the cephalic structure based on scanning
      electron microscopy differs, and L. dentatus has thick lips with round papillae,
      whereas L. douglassii has fine lips with lengthened papillae. The confirmation of
      both species in South America strongly suggests that the mixed infection may be
      common in farmed ostriches.

PMID- 18155841
TI  - Genetic diversity among sea otter isolates of Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) have been reported to become infected with Toxoplasma
      gondii and at times succumb to clinical disease. Here, we determined genotypes of
      39 T. gondii isolates from 37 sea otters in two geographically distant locations
      (25 from California and 12 from Washington). Six genotypes were identified using
      10 PCR-RFLP genetic markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2,
      L358, PK1, and Apico, and by DNA sequencing of loci SAG1 and GRA6 in 13 isolates.
      Of these 39 isolates, 13 (33%) were clonal Type II which can be further divided
      into two groups at the locus Apico. Two of the 39 isolates had Type II alleles at
      all loci except a Type I allele at locus L358. One isolate had Type II alleles at
      all loci except the Type I alleles at loci L358 and Apico. One isolate had Type
      III alleles at all loci except Type II alleles at SAG2 and Apico. Two sea otter
      isolates had a mixed infection. Twenty-one (54%) isolates had an unique allele at
      SAG1 locus. Further genotyping or DNA sequence analysis for 18 of these 21
      isolates at loci SAG1 and GRA6 revealed that there were two different genotypes,
      including the previously identified Type X (four isolates) and a new genotype
      named Type A (14 isolates). The results from this study suggest that the sea
      otter isolates are genetically diverse.

PMID- 18155842
TI  - Comparative efficacy assessment of pentamidine isethionate and diminazene
      aceturate in the chemotherapy of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in dogs.
AB  - The chemotherapeutic efficacy of diminazene aceturate (Berenil)--a standard
      veterinary trypanocide and pentamidine isethionate (PMI)--a human trypanocide was
      compared in dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Also,
      the activities of the drugs on some serum liver enzymes were evaluated before and
      after treatment to ascertain the relative safety of the drugs. Fifteen local dogs
      (mongrels) were used for the study. Three of the dogs were uninfected controls,
      and twelve were infected with a stock of T. brucei brucei. Three of the infected
      dogs were untreated controls, three were given diminazene aceturate (DA) at 7
      mg/kg body weight intramuscularly (i/m), another three received pentamidine
      isethionate (PMI) at 4 mg/kg i/m on days 14, 17, 19, 27, 29, and 31 post
      infection (PI) and the remaining three dogs were also given same dose of PMI on
      days 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26 PI. Both trypanocides effectively cleared the
      parasites from the blood of the infected treated dogs. However, the infection
      subsequently relapsed at day 42 PI in one of the dogs in the DA treated group
      which later died at day 70 PI. Relapse infection was not recorded with the PMI
      treated groups although two dogs died in the PMI treated group II (treatment at
      days 14, 17, 19, 27, 29, and 31 PI) without showing relapsed parasitaemia. The
      packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, and haemoglobin (Hb) level
      which decreased significantly following infection, were reversed by the
      trypanocidal treatment. The reversal in the red cell values was faster in the PMI
      treated groups than in the DA treated group. The serum alkaline phosphate (SAP),
      aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels
      increased following infection and drug administration. The increase in the enzyme
      levels was greater in the DA treated groups than PMI treated groups. It was thus
      concluded that PMI given at 4 mg/kg i/m at days 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26 PI
      constituted a safe and efficient trypanocide and exhibited a superior
      trypanocidal action than DA in T. brucei brucei infected dogs.

PMID- 18155843
TI  - A global overview of burns research highlights the need for forming networks with
      the developing world.

PMID- 18155844
TI  - Amputation of the penis due to electrical burn--role of prefabricated urethra in
      penile reconstruction.
AB  - Amputation of the penis due to electrical burns is not rare in India. There are
      many methods of penile reconstruction and same is true for urethral
      reconstruction. We describe the use of prefabricated radial fascial urethra with
      good results in such patients.

PMID- 18155845
TI  - Oxidative stress and the deleterious consequences to the rat cochlea after
      prenatal chronic mild exposure to carbon monoxide in air.
AB  - Pregnant rats (starting on E5) were exposed chronically to carbon monoxide (CO)
      from gestational days 5-20. In the postnatal period, rat pups were grouped as
      follows: group A: prenatal exposure to CO only; group B: prenatal exposure to CO
      then exposed to CO from postnatal day (P) 5 to P20; group C, control (air without
      CO). Groups A and B showed similar deleterious effects after CO exposure. At P3,
      rat pup cochlea from group A showed a normal organization of the organ of Corti.
      There was no morphological deterioration, or loss of inner or outer hair cells.
      At P20, animals from group A and B showed vacuolization on the afferent terminals
      at the basal portion of the cochlea. We found synapsin-1 immunoreactivity (IR) to
      be decreased in efferent nerve terminals in CO-exposed pups at P3. From P12 to
      P20, synapsin-1-IR is low in efferent terminals. At P20, type I spiral ganglia
      neurons and afferent nerve fibers showed decreased neurofilament-IR in CO-exposed
      groups when compared with controls. Heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase-1
      IR were elevated in the stria vascularis and blood vessels from CO-exposed rat
      pups at P12 and P20 in group B; in contrast group A showed a comparable
      expression to controls. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine
      IR were increased in blood vessels of the cochlea in CO-exposed groups, from P3
      to P20. iNOS up-regulation and the presence of nitrotyrosine in blood vessels of
      the cochlea indicated that CO exposure activates the production of nitric oxide
      via increased iNOS activity. Prenatal chronic CO exposure promotes oxidative
      stress in the cochlea blood vessels that in turn is reflected in damage to spiral
      ganglia neurons and inner hair cells, suggesting for the first time that prenatal
      exposure to CO at concentrations expected in poorly ventilated environments
      impairs the development of the inner ear.

PMID- 18155846
TI  - Plaque-bearing mice with reduced levels of oligomeric amyloid-beta assemblies
      have intact memory function.
AB  - The amyloid-beta (Abeta) protein exists in the aging mammalian brain in diverse
      assembly states, including amyloid plaques and soluble Abeta oligomers. Both
      forms of Abeta have been shown to impair neuronal function, but their precise
      roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) -associated memory loss remain unclear. Both
      types of Abeta are usually present at the same time in the brain, which has made
      it difficult to evaluate the effects of plaques and oligomers individually on
      memory function. Recently, a particular oligomeric Abeta assembly, Abeta 56, was
      found to impair memory function in the absence of amyloid plaques. Until now it
      has not been possible to determine the effects of plaques, in the absence of
      Abeta oligomers, on memory function. We have identified Tg2576 mice with plaques
      but markedly reduced levels of Abeta oligomers, which enabled us to study the
      effects of plaques alone on memory function. We found that animals with amyloid
      plaques have normal memory function throughout an episode of reduced Abeta
      oligomers, which occurs during a period of accelerated amyloid plaque formation.
      These observations support the importance of Abeta oligomers in memory loss and
      indicate that, at least initially, amyloid plaques do not impair memory.

PMID- 18155847
TI  - Dopamine and cyclic-AMP regulated phosphoprotein-32-dependent modulation of
      prefrontal cortical input and intercellular coupling in mouse accumbens spiny and
      aspiny neurons.
AB  - The roles of dopamine and cyclic-AMP regulated phosphoprotein-32 (DARPP-32) in
      mediating dopamine (DA)-dependent modulation of corticoaccumbens transmission and
      intercellular coupling were examined in mouse accumbens (NAC) neurons by both
      intracellular sharp electrode and whole cell recordings. In wild-type (WT) mice
      bath application of the D2-like agonist quinpirole resulted in 73% coupling
      incidence in NAC spiny neurons, compared with baseline (9%), whereas quinpirole
      failed to affect the basal coupling (24%) in slices from DARPP-32 knockout (KO)
      mice. Thus, D2 stimulation attenuated DARPP-32-mediated suppression of coupling
      in WT spiny neurons, but this modulation was absent in KO mice. Further, whole
      cell recordings revealed that quinpirole reversibly decreased the amplitude of
      cortical-evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in spiny neurons of WT
      mice, but this reduction was markedly attenuated in KO mice. Bath application of
      the D1/D5 agonist SKF 38393 did not alter evoked EPSP amplitude in WT or KO spiny
      neurons. Therefore, DA D2 receptor regulation of both cortical synaptic
      (chemical) and local non-synaptic (dye coupling) communications in NAC spiny
      neurons is critically dependent on intracellular DARPP-32 cascades. Conversely,
      in fast-spiking interneurons, blockade of D1/D5 receptors produced a substantial
      decrease in EPSP amplitude in WT, but not in KO mice. Lastly, in putative
      cholinergic interneurons, cortical-evoked disynaptic inhibitory potentials
      (IPSPs) were attenuated by D2-like receptor stimulation in WT but not KO slices.
      These data indicate that DARPP-32 plays a central role in 1) modulating
      intercellular coupling, 2) cortical excitatory drive of spiny and aspiny
      GABAergic neurons, and 3) local feedforward inhibitory drive of cholinergic-like
      interneurons within accumbens circuits.

PMID- 18155848
TI  - Calcium-signaling networks in olfactory receptor neurons.
AB  - The olfactory neuroepithelium represents a unique interface between the brain and
      the external environment. Olfactory function comprises a distinct set of
      molecular tasks: sensory signal transduction, cytoprotection and adult
      neurogenesis. A multitude of biochemical studies has revealed the central role of
      Ca(2+) signaling in the function of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). We set out
      to establish Ca(2+)-dependent signaling networks in ORN cilia by proteomic
      analysis. We subjected a ciliary membrane preparation to Ca(2+)/calmodulin
      affinity chromatography using mild detergent conditions in order to maintain
      functional protein complexes involved in olfactory Ca(2+) signaling. Thus,
      calmodulin serves as a valuable tool to gain access to novel Ca(2+)-regulated
      protein complexes. Tandem mass spectrometry (nanoscale liquid-chromatography
      electrospray injection) identified 123 distinct proteins. Ninety-seven proteins
      (79%) could be assigned to specific olfactory functions, including 32 to sensory
      signal transduction and 40 to cytoprotection. We point out novel perspectives for
      research on the Ca(2+)-signaling networks in the olfactory system of the rat.

PMID- 18155849
TI  - Fos expression in pontomedullary catecholaminergic cells following rapid eye
      movement sleep-like episodes elicited by pontine carbachol in urethane
      anesthetized rats.
AB  - Pontine noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC) and sub-coeruleus
      (SubC) region cease firing during rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). This plays a
      permissive role in the generation of REMS and may contribute to state-dependent
      modulation of transmission in the CNS. Whether all pontomedullary
      catecholaminergic neurons, including those in the A1/C1, A2/C2 and A7 groups,
      have REMS-related suppression of activity has not been tested. We used Fos
      protein expression as an indirect marker of the level of neuronal activity and
      linear regression analysis to determine whether pontomedullary cells identified
      by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry have reduced Fos expression
      following REMS-like state induced by pontine microinjections of a cholinergic
      agonist, carbachol in urethane-anesthetized rats. The percentage of Fos-positive
      TH cells was negatively correlated with the cumulative duration of REMS-like
      episodes induced during 140 min prior to brain harvesting in the A7 and rostral
      A5 groups bilaterally (P < 0.01 for both), and in SubC neurons on the side
      opposite to carbachol injection (P < 0.05). Dorsal medullary A2/C2 neurons did
      not exhibit such correlation, but their Fos expression (and that in A7, rostral
      A5 and SubC neurons) was positively correlated with the duration of the interval
      between the last REMS-like episode and the time of perfusion (P < 0.05). In
      contrast, neither of these correlations was significant for A1 /C1 or caudal A5
      neurons. These findings suggest that, similar to the prototypic LC neurons,
      neurons of the A7, rostral A5 and A2/C2 groups have reduced or abolished activity
      during REMS, whereas A1 /IC1 and caudal A5 neurons do not have this feature. The
      reduced activity of A2/C2, A5 and A7 neurons during REMS, and the associated
      decrements in norepinephrine release, may cause state-dependent modulation
      of.transmission in brain somato- and viscerosensory, somatomotor, and
      cardiorespiratory pathways.

PMID- 18155851
TI  - Modification of membrane excitability of neurons in the rat's dorsal cortex of
      the inferior colliculus by preceding hyperpolarization.
AB  - The inferior colliculus (IC) is among the largest nuclei in the central auditory
      system and is considered to be a major integration center in the auditory
      pathway. To understand how IC contributes to auditory processing, we investigated
      the effects of preceding hyperpolarization on membrane excitability and firing
      behavior of neurons located in the dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus
      (ICD). We made whole-cell patch clamp recordings from ICD neurons (n=96) in rat
      brain slices. We classified ICD neurons into three types, i.e. sustained-regular,
      sustained-adapting and buildup, according to their responses to depolarizing
      current injection. Nearly 91% of the neurons had sustained firing throughout the
      period of current injection, showing either regular or adapting pattern. About 9%
      of the neurons exhibited a buildup pattern, in which sustained firing started
      after a long delay. Rebound depolarization and spikes after hyperpolarization
      were seen in 51.7% of the sustained neurons, but were not seen in buildup
      neurons. When depolarizing current was preceded by a hyperpolarizing current,
      various forms of the modification on membrane excitability were observed. For non
      rebound neurons, the membrane excitability was either suppressed or unchanged
      after pre-hyperpolarization. The first spike latency lengthened in neurons whose
      firing changed to a buildup pattern, shortened in those whose firing changed to a
      pauser pattern, and remained unchanged in those whose discharge pattern remained
      sustained. For rebound neurons, the firing rate decreased in neurons whose firing
      pattern was changed to onset or pauser, increased in neurons whose firing was
      changed to adapting, or remained unchanged in neurons whose firing became
      irregular. The first spike latency was shortened in all the rebound cells. The
      results suggest that intrinsic membrane properties can play an important role in
      integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs and thereby in determination of
      the output of ICD neurons.

PMID- 18155850
TI  - Encoding of temporal features of auditory stimuli in the medial nucleus of the
      trapezoid body and superior paraolivary nucleus of the rat.
AB  - Neurons in the superior paraolivary nucleus (SPON) of the rat respond to the
      offset of pure tones with a brief burst of spikes. Medial nucleus of the
      trapezoid body (MNTB) neurons, which inhibit the SPON, produce a sustained pure
      tone response followed by an offset response characterized by a period of
      suppressed spontaneous activity. This MNTB offset response is duration dependent
      and critical to the formation of SPON offset spikes [Kadner A, Kulesza RJ Jr,
      Berrebi AS (2006) Neurons in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body and
      superior paraolivary nucleus of the rat may play a role in sound duration coding.
      J Neurophysiol. 95:1499-1508; Kulesza RJ Jr, Kadner A, Berrebi AS (2007) Distinct
      roles for glycine and GABA in shaping the response properties of neurons in the
      superior paraolivary nucleus of the rat. J Neurophysiol 97:1610-1620]. Here we
      examine the temporal resolution of the rat's MNTB/SPON circuit by assessing its
      capability to i) detect gaps in tones, and ii) synchronize to sinusoidally
      amplitude modulated (SAM) tones. Gap detection was tested by presenting two
      identical pure tone markers interrupted by gaps ranging from 0 to 25 ms duration.
      SPON neurons responded to the offset of the leading marker even when the two
      markers were separated only by their ramps (i.e. a 0 ms gap); longer gap
      durations elicited progressively larger responses. MNTB neurons produced an
      offset response at gap durations of 2 ms or longer, with a subset of neurons
      responding to 0 ms gaps. SAM tone stimuli used the unit's characteristic
      frequency as a carrier, and modulation rates ranged from 40 to 1160 Hz. MNTB
      neurons synchronized to modulation rates up to approximately 1 kHz, whereas
      spiking of SPON neurons decreased sharply at modulation rates >or=400 Hz.
      Modulation transfer functions based on spike count were all-pass for MNTB neurons
      and low-pass for SPON neurons; the modulation transfer functions based on vector
      strength were low-pass for both nuclei, with a steeper cutoff for SPON neurons.
      Thus, the MNTB/SPON circuit encodes episodes of low stimulus energy, such as gaps
      in pure tones and troughs in amplitude modulated tones. The output of this
      circuit consists of brief SPON spiking episodes; their potential effects on the
      auditory midbrain and forebrain are discussed.

PMID- 18155853
TI  - Looking for the answer: the mind's eye in number space.
AB  - Human subjects' answer to questions like "what number is halfway between 2 and 8"
      provides insights into spatial attention mechanisms involved in numerical
      processing. Here we show that mental numerical bisections are accompanied by a
      systematic pattern of horizontal eye movements: processing of a large number
      followed by a small number is accompanied with leftward eye movements, a tendency
      less pronounced or even reversed for the processing of a small number followed by
      a large number. The eyes thus appear to move along a left-to-right-oriented
      number line, indicating that shifts of attention in representational space are
      accompanied by an ocular motor orienting response. These results add to the
      growing evidence for a convergence of numerical processing, spatial attention,
      and movement planning in the parietal and frontal lobes. They also demonstrate
      the homologous relationship between our internal representations of numbers and
      space, and show that the concept of "number space" is more than a mere metaphor.

PMID- 18155852
TI  - Projections of low spontaneous rate, high threshold auditory nerve fibers to the
      small cell cap of the cochlear nucleus in cats.
AB  - The marginal shell of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus houses small cells that
      are distinct from the overlying microneurons of the granule cell domain and the
      underlying projection neurons of the magnocellular core. This thin shell of small
      cells and associated neuropil receives auditory nerve input from only the low
      (<18 spikes/s) spontaneous rate (SR), high threshold auditory nerve fibers; high
      SR, low threshold fibers do not project there. It should be noted, that most of
      these auditory nerve terminations reside in the neuropil and intermix with
      dendrites that originate outside the shell. Consequently, electron microscopy is
      necessary to determine the synaptic targets. For this report, the terminations of
      intracellularly labeled low SR auditory nerve fibers in the small cell of cats
      cap were mapped through serial sections using a light microscope. The terminals
      were then examined with an electron microscope and found to form synapses with
      the somata and dendrites of small cells. Moreover, the small cell dendrites were
      identifiable by an abundance of microtubules and the presence of polyribosomes
      that were free or associated with membranous cisterns. These data contribute to
      the concept of a high threshold feedback circuit to the inner ear, and reveal
      translational machinery for local control of activity-dependent synaptic
      modification.

PMID- 18155854
TI  - The mood-induced activation of implicit alcohol cognition in enhancement and
      coping motivated drinkers.
AB  - In two experiments, we investigated whether different mood states activate
      specific types of implicit alcohol cognition among undergraduates classified as
      enhancement (EM) or coping (CM) motivated drinkers. Participants completed a
      Stroop task in Experiment 1 (n=81), and an Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST;
      [De Houwer, J. (2003). The Extrinsic Affective Simon Task. Experimental
      Psychology, 50, 77-85.]) in Experiment 2 (n=79) following random assignment to
      listen to positive or negative musical mood induction procedures (MMIP).
      Consistent with hypotheses, only EM, and not CM, drinkers displayed an activation
      of implicit attention to alcohol cues (Experiment 1) and reward-alcohol implicit
      associations (Experiment 2) following exposure to positive MMIP. Contrary to
      hypotheses for CM drinkers, none of the groups, in either experiment, showed an
      activation of implicit alcohol processing following exposure to negative MMIP.
      Confidence that positive mood activates implicit alcohol cognition among EM
      drinkers is increased since this result emerged across two studies involving
      quite different methodologies. This research has implications for experimental
      cognitive research and it highlights the potential utility of treatment matching
      according to drinking motives (e.g., EM) to improve clinical outcomes.

PMID- 18155855
TI  - Thymectomy: a potential therapeutic method for autoimmune diseases besides
      myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 18155857
TI  - Molecular evolution of the MLO gene family in Oryza sativa and their functional
      divergence.
AB  - The present study identified 12 MLO genes in rice that were located on
      chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, and 11 respectively without any obvious
      clustering. On a genome scale we showed that the expansion of rice MLO gene
      family was primarily attributed to segmental duplication produced by polyploidy,
      rather than through tandem amplification. Gene conversion events should also play
      important roles in the evolution of MLO genes. The results of relative rate ratio
      test and maximum likelihood analysis suggested that positive selection should
      have occurred after gene duplication and/or speciation, prompting the formation
      of distinct MLO subfamilies. Functional divergence analysis provided statistical
      evidence for shifted evolutionary rate after gene duplication. Compared to
      extracellular loop 3 and Ca(2+)-binding domain, much stronger functional
      constraints should impose on intracellular loop 2, although all of the three
      regions might be under purifying selection. The sliding window analysis of
      d(N)/d(S) ratio values identified one sequence region where strong functional
      constraints must impose on, and consequently should be crucial for functionality
      of MLO genes.

PMID- 18155856
TI  - Interactions between implicit and explicit cognition and working memory capacity
      in the prediction of alcohol use in at-risk adolescents.
AB  - Dual process models of addiction suggest that the influence of alcohol-related
      cognition might be dependent on the level of executive functioning. This study
      investigated if the interaction between implicit and explicit alcohol-related
      cognitions and working memory capacity predicted alcohol use after 1 month in at
      risk youth. Implicit and explicit alcohol-related cognitions were assessed in 88
      Dutch at-risk adolescents ranging in age from 14 to 20 (51 males) with an adapted
      version of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and an expectancy questionnaire.
      Working memory capacity was assessed using the computer-based version of the Self
      Ordered Pointing Task (SOPT). Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems were
      measured at baseline and after 1 month with self-report questionnaires. The
      hierarchical regression analysis showed that both the interaction between
      implicit positive-arousal cognitions and working memory capacity and the
      interaction between explicit positive-arousal cognitions and working memory
      capacity predicted unique variance in alcohol use after 1 month. Implicit
      positive-arousal cognitions predicted alcohol use after 1 month more strongly in
      students with lower levels of working memory capacity, whereas explicit positive
      arousal cognitions predicted 1-month follow-up alcohol use more strongly in
      students with higher levels of working memory capacity. This could imply that
      different intervention methods could be effective for different subgroups of at
      risk youth.

PMID- 18155858
TI  - ISWpi1 from Wolbachia pipientis defines a novel group of insertion sequences
      within the IS5 family.
AB  - Insertion sequences are transposable elements that can represent substantial
      proportions of prokaryotic genomes and play a substantial role in shaping host
      genome evolution. As such, evaluating and understanding insertion sequence
      diversity is an important task to fulfill, because it is expected to yield new
      insight into the evolution of bacterial transposable elements and contribute to
      improve genome annotations. Here, I characterized an insertion sequence, termed
      ISWpi1, for which the taxonomic distribution appears to be restricted to the
      obligate intracellular alpha-Proteobacterium Wolbachia pipientis. ISWpi1 exhibits
      approximately 46% identity at the amino acid level with members of the IS1031
      group of insertion sequences from the IS5 family. However, the IS1031 group is
      characterized by a transposase gene encoded by a single open reading frame,
      whereas the ISWpi1 transposase gene consists of two overlapping open reading
      frames presumably translated as a single protein via programmed translational
      frameshifting. Such structure suggests that ISWpi1 may instead be related to the
      IS427 group of insertion sequences from the IS5 family. Altogether, these data
      indicate that ISWpi1 extends the known spectrum of diversity of the IS5 family,
      and I propose to define a novel group of insertion sequences within the IS5
      family typified by ISWpi1. Probable transpositional activity, relevant insertion
      site preferences and taxonomic specificity make ISWpi1 a promising tool for
      experimentally manipulating W. pipientis bacteria, especially in light of the
      increasing interest in developing these bacteria as tools for controlling insect
      disease vectors and agricultural pests.

PMID- 18155859
TI  - Bisphenol A is released from polycarbonate drinking bottles and mimics the
      neurotoxic actions of estrogen in developing cerebellar neurons.
AB  - The impact of endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) exposure on human health is
      receiving increasingly focused attention. The prototypical EDC bisphenol A (BPA)
      is an estrogenic high-production chemical used primarily as a monomer for the
      production of polycarbonate and epoxy resins. It is now well established that
      there is ubiquitous human exposure to BPA. In the general population, exposure to
      BPA occurs mainly by consumption of contaminated foods and beverages that have
      contacted epoxy resins or polycarbonate plastics. To test the hypothesis that
      bioactive BPA was released from polycarbonate bottles used for consumption of
      water and other beverages, we evaluated whether BPA migrated into water stored in
      new or used high-quality polycarbonate bottles used by consumers. Using a
      sensitive and quantitative competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, BPA was
      found to migrate from polycarbonate water bottles at rates ranging from 0.20 ng/h
      to 0.79 ng/h. At room temperature the migration of BPA was independent of whether
      or not the bottle had been previously used. Exposure to boiling water (100
      degrees C) increased the rate of BPA migration by up to 55-fold. The estrogenic
      bioactivity of the BPA-like immunoreactivity released into the water samples was
      confirmed using an in vitro assay of rapid estrogen signaling and neurotoxicity
      in developing cerebellar neurons. The amounts of BPA found to migrate from
      polycarbonate drinking bottles should be considered as a contributing source to
      the total "EDC-burden" to which some individuals are exposed.

PMID- 18155860
TI  - Attenuation of eNOS expression in cadmium-induced hypertensive rats.
AB  - Cadmium (Cd) has been reported to induce hypertension in both humans and animals;
      however, its mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. Vascular tone is one of
      the factors contributing to hypertension. This study was conducted to investigate
      the effects of Cd exposure on vascular muscarinic receptor responses to
      acetylcholine (ACh) in isolated aortas. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to
      Cd via drinking water (5, 10 and 50 ppm) for 3 months. Cd 10 and 50 ppm exposure
      caused significant decreases in the sensitivity of vascular muscarinic receptors
      to ACh. However, Cd exposure did not alter the vascular relaxation induced by
      sodium nitroprusside (SNP) which is a nitric oxide donor. Consistent with the
      reduction of ACh-induced relaxation, treatment with Cd decreased endothelial
      nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein level in blood vessels. These results
      suggested that Cd suppressed ACh-induced vascular relaxation by interfering with
      muscarinic receptor function, and its downstream signaling pathway may be one of
      the contributing factors for the development of hypertension.

PMID- 18155862
TI  - Variation in male sexual behavior.
AB  - Relaxation of natural selection on sexual performance traits in male ruminants
      has increased phenotypic variation in these heritable traits. Thus, males with
      sub-standard sexual performance continue to reproduce. This has created a "dud"
      phenomenon that is costly to animal agriculture. Identification and culling of
      these lesser performers at an early age and identification of high performing
      males are critical management goals that must be addressed, and for which greater
      research priority is needed.

PMID- 18155861
TI  - Impact of environmental pollutants on the male: effects on germ cell
      differentiation.
AB  - A variety of so-called innocuous chemicals can have insidious and long lasting
      effects on the developing male reproductive system. Developmental exposures of
      male rabbits to common industrial contaminants in drinking water (a mixture of
      arsenic, chromium, lead, benzene, chloroform, phenol, and trichloroethylene);
      alkyl phenols (e.g. octylphenol); water disinfection by-products (e.g.
      dibromoacetic acid); anti-androgenic pesticides (e.g. p,p'-DDT and vinclozolin);
      and plasticizers (e.g. dibutyl phthalate) produce testicular dysgenesis. The
      lesions include testicular carcinoma in situ, also called intratubular germ cell
      neoplasia--the precursor lesion of germ cell tumors in men, and acrosomal
      dysgenesis--characterized by sharing of a dysplastic acrosome by two or more
      spermatids resulting in characteristic sperm acrosomal-nuclear malformations.
      Certain manifestations of testicular dysgenesis arch across environmental agents,
      and sequelae of intentional developmental exposures of rabbits duplicate what has
      been encountered in deer, horses, and humans for which the etiology is uncertain.

PMID- 18155863
TI  - Testicular and epididymal sperm reserves and sperm production of pubertal boars
      fed dietary fumonisin B(1).
AB  - Twenty-four male Large White weaning pigs of 8-9 weeks of age averaging 6.94+/
      0.26 kg were used to evaluate the effect of dietary fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) on
      sperm reserves and production of pubertal boars. The animals were randomly
      assigned to 4 diets containing 0.2, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg FB(1)/kg constituting
      the control, diets 1, 2 and 3, respectively, in a 6-month feeding trial. Dietary
      FB(1) above 5mg/kg significantly (P<0.05) reduced testicular and epididymal sperm
      reserves as well as the daily sperm production (DSP) per boar. The total caudal
      sperm reserves of the animals on diets 2 and 3 were about 70% of those on the
      control diet. The DSP of the animals on the control diet and diet 1 were
      significantly (P<0.05) higher than those on diets 2 and 3. The study revealed
      that male weaning pigs for breeding should not be exposed to dietary FB(1) higher
      than 5mg/kg for no suppression in sperm production and reproductive performance.

PMID- 18155865
TI  - Preliminary study of the anti-inflammatory activity of hexane extract and
      fractions from Bursera simaruba (Linneo) Sarg. (Burseraceae) leaves.
AB  - Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. leaves hexane extracts display anti-inflammatory
      activity on the adjuvant-carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats. In order to
      isolate and identify the active compounds of the hexane extract, we performed a
      preliminary phytochemical study and a bioassay-directed fractionation using the
      carrageenan-induced paw oedema test in mice. From the nine fractions (A-I)
      obtained, of an initial chromatographic separation, fractions A and E (doses
      equivalents to 1.50 g dry plant/kg body weight) showed the strongest anti
      inflammatory activity comparable to that of the reference drug phenylbutazone (80
      mg/kg). The isolation and characterization of 3-methylene-7,11,15
      trimethylhexadec-1-ene (neophytadiene) (1), ergost-5-en-3beta-ol (2), 24S
      stigmast-5,22E-dien-3beta-ol (3), 24S-stigmast-5-en-3beta-ol (4) and alpha-amyrin
      (5), from these fractions is reported.

PMID- 18155864
TI  - Effect of Bauhinia forficata aqueous extract on the maternal-fetal outcome and
      oxidative stress biomarkers of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AB  - ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Bauhinia forficata Link, commonly known as "paw
      of-cow", is widely used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes.
      AIM OF THIS STUDY: To evaluate the effect of Bauhinia forficata treatment on
      maternal-fetal outcome and antioxidant systems of streptozotocin-induced diabetic
      rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Virgin female Wistar rats were injected with 40
      mg/kg streptozotocin before mating. Oral administration of an aqueous extract of
      Bauhinia forficata leaves was given to non-diabetic and diabetic pregnant rats at
      increasing doses: 500 mg/kg from 0 to 4th day of pregnancy, 600 mg/kg from 5th to
      14th day and 1000 mg/kg from 15th to 20th day. At day 21 of pregnancy the rats
      were anaesthetized with ether and a maternal blood sample was collected for the
      determination superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). The
      gravid uterus was weighed with its contents and fetuses were analyzed. RESULTS
      AND CONCLUSION: The data showed that the diabetic dams presented an increased
      glycemic level, resorption, placental weight, placental index, and fetal
      anomalies, and reduced GSH and SOD determinations, live fetuses, maternal weight
      gain, gravid uterine weight, and fetal weight. It was also verified that Bauhinia
      forficata treatment had no hypoglycemic effect, did not improve maternal outcomes
      in diabetic rats, but it contributed to maintain GSH concentration similarly to
      non-diabetic groups, suggesting relation with the decreased incidence of visceral
      anomalies.

PMID- 18155866
TI  - Comparison of FDG-PET, PET/CT and MRI for follow-up of colorectal liver
      metastases treated with radiofrequency ablation: initial results.
AB  - PURPOSE: Morphologic imaging after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of liver
      metastases is hampered by rim-like enhancement in the ablation margin, making the
      identification of local tumor progression (LTP) difficult. Follow-up with PET/CT
      is compared to follow-up with PET alone and MRI after RFA. METHODS AND MATERIALS:
      Sixteen patients showed 25 FDG-positive colorectal liver metastases in pre
      interventional PET/CT. Post-interventional PET/CT was performed 24h after
      ablation and was repeated after 1, 3 and 6 months and then every 6 months. PET
      and PET/CT data were compared with MR data sets acquired within 14 days before or
      after these time points. Either histological proof by biopsy or resection, or a
      combination of contrast-enhanced CT at fixed time points and clinical data served
      as a reference. RESULTS: The 25 metastases showed a mean size of 20mm and were
      treated with 39 RFA sessions. Ten lesions which developed LTP received a second
      round of RFA; four lesions received three rounds of treatment. The mean follow-up
      time was 22 months. Seventy-two PET/CT and 57 MR examinations were performed for
      follow-up. The accuracy and sensitivity for tumor detection was 86% and 76% for
      PET alone, 91% and 83% for PET/CT and 92% and 75% for MRI, respectively.
      CONCLUSIONS: In comparison to PET alone, PET/CT was significantly better for
      detecting LTP after RFA. There were no significant differences between MRI and
      PET/CT. These preliminary results, however, need further verification.

PMID- 18155867
TI  - Cardiac cine MRI: comparison of 1.5 T, non-enhanced 3.0 T and blood pool enhanced
      3.0 T imaging.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Cardiac cine imaging using balanced steady state free precession
      sequences (bSSFP) suffers from artefacts at 3.0 T. We compared bSSFP cardiac cine
      imaging at 1.5 T with gradient echo imaging at 3.0 T with and without a blood
      pool contrast agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven patients referred for cardiac
      cine imaging underwent imaging at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. At 3.0 T images were acquired
      before and after administration of 0.03 mmol/kg gadofosveset. Blood pool signal
      to-noise ratio (SNR), temporal variations in SNR, ejection fraction and
      myocardial mass were compared. Subjective image quality was scored on a four
      point scale. RESULTS: Blood pool SNR increased with more than 75% at 3.0 T
      compared to 1.5 T (p<0.001); after contrast administration at 3.0 T SNR increased
      with 139% (p<0.001). However, variations in blood pool SNR at 3.0 T were nearly
      three times as high versus those at 1.5 T in the absence of contrast medium
      (p<0.001); after contrast administration this was reduced to approximately a
      factor 1.4 (p=0.21). Saturation artefacts led to significant overestimation of
      ejection fraction in the absence of contrast administration (1.5 T: 44.7+/-3.1
      vs. 3.0 T: 50.7+/-4.2 [p=0.04] vs. 3.0 T post contrast: 43.4+/-2.9 [p=0.55]).
      Subjective image quality was highest for 1.5 T (2.8+/-0.3), and lowest for non
      enhanced 3.0 T (1.7+/-0.6; p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: GRE cardiac cine imaging at 3.0
      T after injection of the blood pool agent gadofosveset leads to improved
      objective and subjective cardiac cine image quality at 3.0 T and to the same
      conclusions regarding cardiac ejection fraction compared to bSSFP imaging at 1.5
      T.

PMID- 18155868
TI  - Thyroid cancer and CT.

PMID- 18155869
TI  - Simultaneous determination of metoprolol succinate and amlodipine besylate in
      pharmaceutical dosage form by HPLC.
AB  - A simple, precise, specific and accurate reverse phase HPLC method has been
      developed for the simultaneous determination of metoprolol succinate (MS) and
      amlodipine besylate (AB) in tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation
      was achieved on Hypersil BDS cyano (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) column using PDA
      detector. The mobile phase consisting of buffer (aqueous triethylamine pH 3) and
      acetonitrile in the ratio of 85:15 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min was used.
      The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines with respect to
      specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness.

PMID- 18155870
TI  - Electrical/electrochemical impedance for rapid detection of foodborne pathogenic
      bacteria.
AB  - The realization of rapid, sensitive, and specific methods to detect foodborne
      pathogenic bacteria is central to implementing effective practice to ensure food
      safety and security. As a principle of transduction, the impedance technique has
      been applied in the field of microbiology as a means to detect and/or quantify
      foodborne pathogenic bacteria. The integration of impedance with biological
      recognition technology for detection of bacteria has led to the development of
      impedance biosensors that are finding wide-spread use in the recent years. This
      paper reviews the progress and applications of impedance microbiology for
      foodborne pathogenic bacteria detection, particularly the new aspects that have
      been added to this subject in the past few years, including the use of
      interdigitated microelectrodes, the development of chip-based impedance
      microbiology, and the use of equivalent circuits for analysis of the impedance
      systems. This paper also reviews the significant developments of impedance
      biosensors for bacteria detection in the past 5 years, focusing on
      microfabricated microelectrodes-based and microfluidic-based Faradaic
      electrochemical impedance biosensors, non-Faradaic impedance biosensors, and the
      integration of impedance biosensors with other techniques such as
      dielectrophoresis and electropermeabilization.

PMID- 18155871
TI  - Long-term safety of cilostazol in patients with peripheral artery disease: the
      CASTLE study (Cilostazol: A Study in Long-term Effects).
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, is indicated to treat
      the symptoms of intermittent claudication and increase walking distance in
      patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). At the time of approval, the
      United States Food and Drug Administration required an additional long-term
      safety study to evaluate the effect cilostazol on mortality. METHODS: A total of
      1899 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of PAD and symptoms of claudication were
      screened for participation in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled
      safety study of cilostazol. The intent-to-treat (ITT) population, which was the
      primary analysis (n = 1435), was defined as all randomized patients who received
      at least one dose of study medication and included patients who were followed up
      >30 days after discontinuation of study drug. A total of 717 patients received
      cilostazol and 718 received placebo. Cilostazol was administered at a primary
      dose of 100 mg twice daily. The dose could be reduced to 50 mg twice daily if
      patients experienced an adverse event that might have been drug related. RESULTS:
      Long-term adherence to study medication was poor, with >60% of participants
      discontinuing therapy by 36 months. The mortality analysis therefore focused on
      deaths during the period on-treatment, defined as the period during which the
      study drug was taken plus a 30-day follow-up period after dosing. Total patient
      years of exposure were 1046 on-treatment for cilostazol and 1090 for placebo. On
      treatment, there were 18 deaths on cilostazol and 19 deaths on placebo for a
      hazard ratio of 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-1.88). Cardiovascular
      deaths on-treatment occurred in 14 patients on cilostazol and 14 on placebo. In
      the full ITT population at 36 months, there were 101 deaths, 49 on cilostazol and
      52 on placebo, with hazard ratio of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.64-1.39). Thus, most deaths
      occurred >30 days after study drug discontinuation. Serious bleeding events
      affected 18 patients taking cilostazol in the on-treatment population and 22
      taking placebo. The rates of bleeding events were similar in patients who used
      aspirin, aspirin plus clopidogrel, or anticoagulants at anytime during the course
      of the study CONCLUSIONS: This long-term study demonstrated no safety signal for
      cilostazol on all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. The study, however, was
      underpowered to detect a small adverse impact of cilostazol on mortality (hazard
      ratio upper bound of the 95% CI was 1.88 in the on-treatment population). Serious
      bleeding events appeared not to be increased by cilostazol.

PMID- 18155873
TI  - Durability of surgery for restenosis after carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The role of carotid surgery for the management of restenosis after
      carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is challenged by carotid artery stenting (CAS). We
      reviewed redo CEA in a consecutive series of patients to determine the safety,
      durability, and long-term benefit associated with repeat surgical treatment for
      restenosis. METHODS: A consecutive series of 73 redo procedures in 72 patients
      (57% men) with a mean age 66 years (range, 49-81 years) was analyzed. The mean
      interval between prior CEA and redo CEA was 53 months (range, 8-192 months).
      Operative indications included symptomatic restenosis in 28 patients (38%). A
      patch angioplasty was performed in 62 patients (85%). The main outcome measures
      included perioperative and late stroke and death, and the development of
      secondary restenosis. RESULTS: There were no perioperative deaths or strokes.
      During a mean follow-up of 52 months (range, 12-144 months), the Kaplan-Meier
      cumulative survival was 85% at 5 years. At 5 years, the cumulative rate of
      freedom from all strokes was 98%, and the freedom from ipsilateral stroke was
      100%. After secondary procedures, re-recurrent stenosis > or =50% occurred in 10
      patients (13.7%). The cumulative freedom from re-restenosis (> or =50%) was 85%
      at 5 years. Five patients (7%) received tertiary carotid reconstructions.
      CONCLUSION: Repeat CEA for recurrent stenosis can be performed safely with
      excellent long-term protection from stroke. These data provide a standard against
      which the results of CAS can be compared.

PMID- 18155872
TI  - A randomized multicenter study of the outcome of brachial-basilic arteriovenous
      fistula and prosthetic brachial-antecubital forearm loop as vascular access for
      hemodialysis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Vascular access is a necessity for patients with end-stage renal
      disease who need chronic intermittent hemodialysis. According to Kidney Disease
      Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines, radial-cephalic (RC) and brachial
      cephalic (BC) arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) are the first and second choice for
      vascular access, respectively. If these options are not possible, an autogenous
      brachial-basilic fistula in the upper arm (BBAVF) or a prosthetic brachial
      antecubital forearm loop (PTFE loop) may be considered. Until now, it was not
      clear which access type was preferable. We have performed a randomized study
      comparing BBAVF and prosthetic implantation in patients without the possibility
      for RCAVF or BCAVF. METHODS: Patients with failed primary/secondary access or
      inadequate arterial and/or venous vessels were randomized for either BBAVF or
      PTFE loop creation. The numbers of complications and interventions were recorded.
      Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate primary, assisted-primary and secondary
      patency rates. The patency rates were compared with the log-rank test.
      Complication and intervention rates were compared with the Mann-Whitney test.
      RESULTS: A total of 105 patients were randomized for a BBAVF or PTFE loop (52 vs
      53, respectively). Primary and assisted-primary 1-year patency rates were
      significantly higher in the BBAVF group: 46% +/- 7.4% vs 22% +/- 6.1% (P = .005)
      and 87% +/- 5.0% vs 71% +/- 6.7% (P = .045) for the BBAVF and PTFE group,
      respectively. Secondary patencies were comparable for both groups; 89% +/- 4.6%
      vs 85% +/- 5.2% for the BBAVF and PTFE group, respectively. The incidence rate of
      complications was 1.6 per patient-year in the BBAVF group vs 2.7 per patient-year
      in the PTFE group. Patients in the BBAVF group needed a total of 1.7
      interventions per patient-year vs 2.7 per patient-year for the PTFE group.
      CONCLUSION: These data show a significantly better primary and assisted-primary
      patency in the BBAVF group compared with the PTFE group. Furthermore, in the
      BBAVF group, fewer interventions were needed. Therefore, we conclude that BBAVF
      is the preferred choice for vascular access if RCAVF or BCAVF creation is
      impossible, or when these types of access have already failed.

PMID- 18155874
TI  - Equivalent secondary patency rates of upper extremity Vectra Vascular Access
      Grafts and transposed brachial-basilic fistulas with aggressive access
      surveillance and endovascular treatment.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The 2006 update of the DOQI guidelines has stated that in patients
      with end-stage renal disease, autogenous radial-cephalic, or brachial-cephalic
      fistulas are the preferred access modalities, followed by transposed brachial
      basilic (TBB) fistulas and prosthetic arteriovenous (AV) grafts. AV grafts are in
      general least preferred; however, there is very limited data comparing directly
      the last two modalities. The aim of the present study is to compare outcomes of
      the TBB fistula and the Vectra Vascular Access Graft. METHODS: Seventy-six
      patients had a prosthetic brachial-axillary Vectra graft placed, while in 41
      patients brachial-basilic upper arm transposition was performed. Graft
      surveillance to detect a failing/failed access was followed by endovascular
      treatment, rheolytic thrombectomy (AngioJet, Possis Medical), and/or angioplasty
      +/- stenting of the responsible anatomical lesion(s). RESULTS: Use of Vectra
      grafts and TBB fistulas started after a median (interquartile range) of 14 (7-30)
      and 70 (52-102) days, respectively (P < .001), as early as the operative day in
      some patients with grafts. Postoperative complications were more frequent in TBB
      fistulas and late complications (mainly access thrombosis) in Vectra grafts.
      Total number of thrombectomy sessions performed for graft or fistula occlusion
      was 45 and 7, respectively (P = .032); total number of isolated angioplasty
      sessions, performed for failing graft or fistula was 31 and 45, respectively (P =
      .004). Although primary patency of the two access modalities was equivalent,
      primary assisted patency was significantly reduced in Vectra grafts (70% at 12
      months and 58% at 18 months), compared with TBB fistulas (82% at 12 months and
      78% at 18 months, P = .033); however, as a result of endovascular intervention,
      secondary patency rates at 12 months (87% vs 88%) and 18 months (87% vs 83%) were
      equivalent (P = .91). Presence of arterial anastomosis stenosis treated with
      angioplasty at any stage had a significant negative predictive value on secondary
      patency rates at 12 and 18 months which were 61%, compared with 96% for Vectra
      grafts that had any intra-graft, venous outflow, draining or central vein
      stenosis treated with angioplasty at any stage (P = .010). CONCLUSIONS:
      Aggressive graft surveillance and endovascular treatment methods can yield
      equivalent long-term secondary patency rates between Vectra graft and TBB
      fistulas. The advantage of earlier use of Vectra graft must be balanced against
      the need for more frequent secondary interventions and the risk of graft
      infection.

PMID- 18155875
TI  - "Medical high risk" designation is not associated with survival after carotid
      artery stenting.
AB  - BACKGROUND: While medical high risk (MHR) has been proposed as an indication for
      carotid artery stenting (CAS), the impact of MHR on long-term survival and stroke
      after CAS has not been described. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of CAS
      procedures at our institution was performed. One hundred seventy-nine consecutive
      patients who underwent 196 CAS procedures were classified by MHR status based on
      cardiac, pulmonary, and renal criteria routinely used in high-risk clinical
      trials. Survival and stroke rates were compared after 90 CAS procedures in MHR
      patients vs 106 CAS procedures in normal risk patients. Survival results were
      also compared with 365 contemporaneous carotid endarterectomy (CEA) procedures in
      346 patients. RESULTS: The mean age of CAS patients was 72 years, with 87% having
      a smoking history, 85% hypertension, 38% diabetes, 39% symptomatic, and 74%
      documented coronary artery disease. Mean follow-up was 23 months. Recurrent
      stenosis after CEA comprised 21% of all CAS procedures. During the 30-day post
      procedure period, there were five minor strokes, one major stroke, and one death,
      for a combined stroke/death rate of 3.6%. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated
      mortality of 5% at 1 year and 21% at 3 years for the entire cohort. Cox
      regression analysis found that MHR designation was not associated with increased
      mortality or an increase in a composite end point of death or stroke. MHR
      patients had mortality of 4% at 1 year and 22% at 3 years. Normal risk patients
      had mortality of 6% at 1 year and 20% at 3 years. Preoperative age over 80 years
      old, low density lipoprotein (LDL) > or =160 mg/dL, and serum creatinine > or
      =1.5 mg/dL conferred statistically significant risk for death (Hazard ratios:
      2.9, 4.3, and 2.4, respectively). As a point of comparison, a contemporaneous
      group of CEA patients were analyzed similarly. After adjusting for age over 80
      years old and serum creatinine > or =1.5 mg/dL, there was no survival difference
      between MHR patients undergoing CAS or CEA. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of MHR did
      not impact long-term survival or stroke rate after CAS, and overall survival of
      MHR patients in our series was comparable with risk-adjusted controls undergoing
      CEA. These results suggest the need for more refined predictors of medical risk
      to optimally guide patients in selecting carotid revascularization strategies.

PMID- 18155876
TI  - [Initial presentation and course of lupus membranous glomerulonephritis].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Lupus membranous nephropathy (MN) is associated with a substantial
      risk of developing end-stage renal disease and may thus be fatal. There is
      currently no consensus about specific immunosuppressive treatment. We describe
      the presentation of lupus MN and its course according to type of
      immunosuppressive treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study
      included all patients with lupus MN (only, not associated with any proliferative
      nephropathy) hospitalized in the nephrology unit of Ibn Sina University Hospital
      in Rabat from 1994 through 2005. RESULTS: MN was found in 18 patients, 16.7% of
      our patients with lupus. The average age at first admission of these 18 was 29+/
      2.1 years (17-52), with a sex ratio of 0.12. The mean follow-up period was 54+/
      31 months (3-130). The initial clinical presentation of MN was marked by the
      presence of proteinuria, nephrotic in 11 cases. Mean serum creatinine was 18.6+/
      3.9 mg/L. Leukocyturia was noted in 12 cases (67%) and microscopic hematuria in 8
      cases (44%). Extrarenal signs were cutaneous (14 cases), articular (14 cases),
      hematologic (8 cases), cardiac (6 cases) and neurological (4 cases). Patients
      were treated by corticosteroids only (group 1=7 cases) or by corticosteroids
      combined with cyclophosphamide in cases of renal insufficiency or neurological
      signs (group 2=11 cases). Complete remission occurred in 11 cases, and partial
      remission in the others. Four relapses were observed, including three in group 2.
      Mean serum creatinine blood levels were comparable in the 2 groups. Four patients
      died of extrarenal causes. Only one patient, in group 2, progressed to end-stage
      renal disease. CONCLUSION: The initial presentation of lupus MN is variable.
      Cyclophosphamide has favorable renal effects, but does not prevent lethal
      complications, especially neurological complications.

PMID- 18155877
TI  - [Neuropathic pain: a neglected entity that must be managed].

PMID- 18155878
TI  - Enhancement of percutaneous penetration of aniline and o-toluidine in vitro using
      skin barrier creams.
AB  - Aniline (ANI) and the human carcinogen o-toluidine (OT) are released at the
      workplace during the production and processing of rubber. Recently, we showed in
      rubber industry workers that a frequent use of skin barrier creams (SBC)
      increased the internal exposure of ANI and OT. In the present study, diffusion
      cells were used to investigate the effects of two SBC and one skin care cream
      (SCC) on percutaneous penetration of neat ANI and OT as well as of OT from a
      mixture with a workplace specific lubricant. The experiments were carried out
      with untreated and with skin creams treated human skin. A considerable
      percutaneous penetration enhancement of test compounds was observed for treated
      skin compared with untreated skin; the highest enhancement (mean factors 6.2
      12.3) was found for SBC (based on oil in water emulsion) treated skin. The lowest
      penetration enhancement showed SCC treated skin (mean factors 4.2-9.7). The in
      vitro data support our findings in workers that the percutaneous absorption of
      aromatic amines significantly increases in presence of skin creams. The efficacy
      of skin creams to protect the percutaneous penetration of aromatic amines is not
      confirmed by our own experiments.

PMID- 18155880
TI  - Effect of retrieval effort and switching demand on fMRI activation during
      semantic word generation in schizophrenia.
AB  - Verbal fluency deficits in schizophrenia are difficult to interpret because the
      tasks are multi-factorial and groups differ in total words generated. We
      manipulated retrieval and switching demands by requiring alternation between over
      learned sequences in which retrieval is relatively automatic (OS) and semantic
      categories requiring increased retrieval effort (SC). Controlled processing was
      also manipulated by including switching and non-switching conditions, and formal
      thought disorder (FTD) was assessed with the communication disorders index (CDI).
      The OS/SC semantic fluency paradigm was administered during fMRI to 13 patients
      with schizophrenia and 14 matched controls. Images were acquired on a 3 Tesla
      Siemens scanner using compressed image acquisition to allow for cued overt word
      production. Subjects alternated between OS, SC, OS-switch, SC-switch, and
      baseline blocks. Images were pre-processed in SPM-2, and a two-stage random
      effects analysis tested within and between group contrasts. There were no group
      performance differences. fMRI analysis did not reveal any group differences
      during the OS non-switching condition. Both groups produced expected activation
      in bilateral prefrontal and inferior parietal regions. However, during the SC
      condition patients had greater activation than controls in left prefrontal, right
      anterior cingulate, right superior temporal, bilateral thalamus, and left
      parietal regions. There was also evidence of patient over-activation in
      prefrontal, superior temporal, superior parietal, and visual association areas
      when a switching component was added. FTD was negatively correlated with BOLD
      response in the right anterior cingulate, cuneus and superior frontal gyrus
      during increased retrieval demand, and positively correlated with fMRI activation
      in the left lingual gyrus, right fusiform gyrus and left superior parietal lobule
      during increased switching demand. These results indicate that patients are able
      to successfully perform effortful semantic fluency tasks during non-speeded
      conditions. When retrieval is relatively automatic there does not appear to be an
      effect of schizophrenia on fMRI response. However, when retrieval and controlled
      processing demands increase, patients have greater activation than controls
      despite unimpaired task performance. This inefficient BOLD response may explain
      why patients are slower and less accurate on standard self-paced fluency tasks.

PMID- 18155882
TI  - A novel structure of Tn4001-truncated element, type V, in clinical enterococcal
      isolates and multiplex PCR for detecting aminoglycoside resistance genes.
AB  - A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was established for detecting aacA
      aphD, aph(2'')-Ib, aph(2'')-Ic and aph(2'')-Id, encoding high-level gentamicin
      resistance (HLGR), and aadA and aadE, encoding high-level streptomycin resistance
      (HLSR), in enterococci. The assay was implemented for 419 enterococcal blood and
      urine isolates recovered from patients at a university hospital in Thailand.
      Among the isolates tested, 56.1% (235 isolates) and 58.9% (247 isolates)
      contained aacA-aphD and aadE, respectively. The aph(2'')-Ib, aph(2'')-Ic,
      aph(2'')-Id and aadA genes were not found in any isolate. Among the isolates
      carrying the aacA-aphD gene, 99.1% exhibited a HLGR phenotype. All 235
      enterococcal isolates containing aacA-aphD were further studied by PCR to
      characterise the structure of the resistance determinants carrying the aacA-aphD
      gene. The result revealed that only 22.6% carried Tn4001-related element, whereas
      the remaining isolates contained Tn4001-truncated element. No Tn4001-IS257 hybrid
      structure was detected. The majority of isolates carrying Tn4001-related element
      were Enterococcus faecalis (77.4%). Among Tn4001-truncated elements detected, all
      previously reported types (types I-IV) were found. Furthermore, a novel Tn4001
      truncated type, designated type V, was also identified.

PMID- 18155881
TI  - Suicide and severe mental illnesses. Cohort study within the UK general practice
      research database.
AB  - We aimed to evaluate suicide risk across the life-course in severe mental
      illnesses (SMI) including schizophrenia. Using survival analysis, we compared
      suicide risk in cohorts of 46,136 people with SMI and 300,426 without. The
      overall unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for suicide in SMI was 12.97 (95% CI: 9.75
      17.25). The unadjusted HRs differed by age band: 18-30 years: 19.56 (9.76-39.17);
      30-50 years: 13.14 (8.64-19.99); 50-70 years: 16.39 (9.15-29.37); 70+: 3.25 (1.33
      7.94). In schizophrenia, risk was significantly higher when young but marked risk
      persisted until age 70. Greatest risk was associated with: increased consultation
      rates; antidepressant prescriptions and living in less deprived areas.

PMID- 18155883
TI  - Novel chemotherapy for tuberculosis: chemotherapeutic potential of econazole- and
      moxifloxacin-loaded PLG nanoparticles.
AB  - The potential of econazole (ECZ) and moxifloxacin (MOX) individually against
      tuberculosis (TB) caused by multidrug-resistant and latent Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis has been demonstrated. In this study, poly-(dl-lactide-co-glycolide)
      (PLG) nanoparticle-encapsulated ECZ and MOX were evaluated against murine TB
      (drug susceptible) in order to develop a more potent regimen for TB. PLG
      nanoparticles were prepared by the multiple emulsion and solvent evaporation
      technique and were administered orally to mice. A single oral dose of PLG
      nanoparticles resulted in therapeutic drug concentrations in plasma for up to 5
      days (ECZ) or 4 days (MOX), whilst in the organs (lungs, liver and spleen) it was
      up to 6 days. In comparison, free drugs were cleared from the same organs within
      12-24h. In M. tuberculosis-infected mice, eight oral doses of the formulation
      administered weekly were found to be equipotent to 56 doses (MOX administered
      daily) or 112 doses (ECZ administered twice daily) of free drugs. Furthermore,
      the combination of MOX+ECZ proved to be significantly efficacious compared with
      individual drugs. Addition of rifampicin (RIF) to this combination resulted in
      total bacterial clearance from the organs of mice in 8 weeks. PLG nanoparticles
      appear to have the potential for intermittent therapy of TB, and combination of
      MOX, ECZ and RIF is the most potent.

PMID- 18155884
TI  - Novel antibiotics for the management of diabetic foot infections.
AB  - Foot infections are a major cause of morbidity in diabetic patients.
      Staphylococcus aureus is the most important pathogen in mild infections; moderate
      to severe infections are frequently polymicrobial. Multidrug resistance is an
      increasing problem in isolates from diabetic feet. Worldwide, up to 30% of
      patients with diabetic foot infection (DFI) are colonised with methicillin
      resistant S. aureus (MRSA), whilst extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing
      Gram-negative bacteria are also common in some countries. This emergence of drug
      resistance has coincided with the launch or imminent availability of many new
      antibiotics. Most of these were developed to target multidrug-resistant Gram
      positive bacteria, although some have a spectrum of activity that includes Gram
      negative bacteria and anaerobes. There is a variable amount of experience with
      these agents in treating skin and skin-structure infections (SSSIs), especially
      for DFI. However, at least some have a spectrum of activity and/or
      pharmacological properties that suggest that they may be of value in managing
      DFIs. The aim of this paper is to review evidence for the efficacy of new
      antibiotics in the management of SSSIs, including any data relating specifically
      to the diabetic foot, and to consider where they might fit into the therapeutic
      armory against DFI.

PMID- 18155885
TI  - Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin 750 mg once daily in young
      women with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis.
AB  - This pilot study was undertaken to characterise the pharmacokinetics,
      pharmacodynamics and potential clinical efficacy of levofloxacin 750 mg once
      daily for 5 days for treatment of women with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis.
      Four women diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis were enrolled. Following pre
      therapy specimen collection, an initial oral dose of 750 mg levofloxacin was
      administered. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters for the first dose were:
      maximum serum concentration (C(max)) 12.5+/-4.7 mg/L (range 5.6-16.0mg/L)
      (fC(max) 8.8+/-3.3, where f indicates the levofloxacin free or non-protein-bound
      fraction), area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) 85.4+/-14.1 mgh/L
      (range 66.2-96.8 mgh/L) (fAUC 59.8+/-9.9) and serum half-life (t(1/2)) 6.7+/
      0.5h. Mean urine concentrations were 88.0+/-100mg/L at the 0-3 h collection,
      307+/-143 mg/L at 3-6 h, 170+/-107 mg/L at 6-12 h and 85+/-8 mg/L at 12-24 h.
      Mean levofloxacin serum pharmacodynamics for infecting Escherichia coli were:
      C(max)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 323+/-185(fC(max)/MIC 226+/-129);
      and AUC/MIC 2339+/-830(fAUC/MIC 1647+/-579). Mean urine levofloxacin
      concentration/MIC ratios were: 900+/-1389 for 0-3 h, 12100+/-4950 for 3-6 h,
      5922+/-3912 for 6-12 h and 2233+/-1037 for 12-24 h. Levofloxacin eradicated E.
      coli from the urine by 3-6 h after the first dose. Levofloxacin 750 mg once daily
      for 5 days has pharmacodynamics that support further evaluation of this regimen
      for treatment of women with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis.

PMID- 18155886
TI  - A class IIa peptide from Enterococcus mundtii inhibits bacteria associated with
      otitis media.
AB  - Peptide ST4SA, produced by Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA, inhibits the growth of
      Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium,
      Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Gram-positive bacteria
      isolated from patients diagnosed with middle ear infections. The peptide adsorbed
      at a level of 94% to S. pneumoniae 40, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 25 and E. faecium
      HKLHS. Low concentrations of peptide ST4SA (51200 arbitrary units (AU)/mL) caused
      DNA and enzyme leakage from target cells, whilst 1638400AU/mL caused cell lysis.
      No decrease in antimicrobial activity was observed when tested on solid medium
      with human blood as base. Peptide ST4SA revealed a similar level of activity
      compared with tetracycline (30 microg), but much higher activity compared with
      nasal sprays, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, lincosamides,
      macrolides, nitroimidazole, penicillin, quinolones, sulphonamides,
      chloramphenicol, furazolidone, fusidic acid, rifampicin, trimethoprim,
      trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and vancomycin when tested in vitro. Peptide ST4SA
      dissipates the proton-motive force and may be used in the treatment of multidrug
      resistant strains where antibiotics are excluded from cells by efflux pumps
      dependent on the membrane proton gradient.

PMID- 18155887
TI  - Immobilization of paracetamol and benzocaine pro-drug derivatives as long-range
      self-organized monolayers on graphite.
AB  - We show here by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the liquid/solid
      interface that paracetamol and benzocaine molecules bearing a long aliphatic
      chain can be immobilized on highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) as
      perfectly ordered two-dimensional domains extending over several hundreds of
      nanometers. In both cases, high-resolution STM images reveal that compounds 1 and
      2 self-assemble into parallel lamellae having a head-to-head arrangement. The
      paracetamol heads of 1 are in a zigzag position with entangled n-dodecyloxy side
      chains while benzocaine heads of compound 2 are perfectly aligned as a double row
      and have their palmitic side chains on either sides of the head alignment. We
      attribute the very long-range ordering of these two pro-drug derivatives on HOPG
      to the combined effects of intermolecular H-bonding on one side and Van der Waals
      interactions between aliphatic side chains and graphite on the other side. The 2D
      immobilization of pro-drug derivatives via a non-destructive physisorption
      mechanism could prove to be useful for applications such as drug delivery if it
      can be realized on a biocompatible substrate.

PMID- 18155888
TI  - Optimization of cross-linking parameters during production of transglutaminase
      hardened spherical multinuclear microcapsules by complex coacervation.
AB  - Gelatin-gum arabic spherical multinuclear microcapsules (SMMs) encapsulating
      peppermint oil were prepared by complex coacervation. Transglutaminase (TG) was
      used to harden the SMMs by complex coacervation instead of traditional reagents
      such as formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. The effect of various cross-linking
      parameters on the hardening effectiveness of SMMs containing peppermint oil was
      investigated. The optimum parameters were as follows: hardening for 6h at 15
      degrees C and pH 6.0 with a TG concentration of 15 U/g gelatin. Compared with
      formaldehyde, TG exhibits similar microcapsule hardening effectiveness.

PMID- 18155889
TI  - Effect of surfactants on casein structure: a spectroscopic study.
AB  - Fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to study the effect of
      two surfactants having oppositely charged head groups - cationic cetyltrimethyl
      ammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) - on the
      structure of the intrinsically unstructured proteins alpha s-, beta- and kappa
      caseins. Although globular proteins are generally known to denature on
      interacting with surfactants, the caseins were found to adopt more ordered
      conformations in presence of both SDS and CTAB. The folding induced by CTAB was
      more efficient than by SDS, as implied by the behaviour of fluorescence and
      circular dichroic spectra of the caseins in solutions containing varying
      concentrations of the surfactants. The differential response of the proteins to
      the two surfactants may lie in the fact that the negatively charged caseins
      experience a repulsive electrostatic interaction with the negatively charged head
      groups of SDS, while their interaction with the positively charged head groups of
      CTAB is attractive in nature. Our results are consistent with two different types
      of the 'necklace and bead' model for the structure of surfactant-casein
      complexes: while groups of SDS molecules converge tail first around exposed
      hydrophobic surfaces of the caseins to form micelle-like structures, the protein
      itself wraps around micellar aggregates of CTAB that have cationic head groups in
      close association with its negatively charged/polar residues.

PMID- 18155890
TI  - [Acute hemiparesis revealing a neuroborreliosis in a child].
AB  - We report on a 11-year-old boy who had 2 acute hemiparesis episodes over a period
      of 1 month. He suffered from headache and fatigue since 1 year. He could not
      remember neither a tick bite nor a local erythematous skin lesion. The diagnosis
      of neuroborreliosis was based on intrathecal production of specifics antibodies.
      Furthermore, the CSF/blood glucose ratio was decreased (0.14), which was rarely
      described. Cranial MRI showed left capsulothalamic inflammation and a vasculitis.
      The patient was successfully treated by ceftriaxone. Neuroborreliosis should be
      considered in all children with stroke-like episode, even in the absence of a
      history of a tick bite.

PMID- 18155891
TI  - [From Ipex to foxp3: a new contribution of pediatrics to the understanding of the
      immune system].
AB  - In 10 years, the neonatal autoimmune enteropathy has been individualized from
      other causes of neonatal severe protracted diarrheas as a syndrome called Ipex
      for Immunodysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked. Thanks to
      linkage analyses in affected families, this rare paediatric syndrome with fatal
      outcome has been correlated to mutations of the foxp3 gene. Homozygous loss of
      function of foxp3 gene results in the absence of development of a crucial
      subpopulation of lymphocytes with CD4+CD25+ phenotype, called regulatory T-cells.
      The study of these lymphocytes allows a better understanding of the immune system
      homeostasis and of the physiopathology of Ipex syndrome, which is a prerequisite
      for treatment. Achieving ex vivo manipulation of such lymphocytes will end up on
      promising applications of cell therapy.

PMID- 18155892
TI  - [Changes in continuity].

PMID- 18155893
TI  - Optimum overall times II: Extended modelling for head and neck radiotherapy.
AB  - AIMS: A previous paper in this journal (part I) concluded that there was no
      pronounced optimum overall time, at least up to 70 fractions of 1.15 Gy at two
      fractions/day in 50 days. The maximum tolerable tumour doses increased only 2%
      from the best short schedules of 21 or 23 days to those of 50 days. Only this
      range was modelled in part I because it covered the fewest and the most
      fractions, and the longest overall times that will probably be used in practice.
      Most UK schedules, typically using five fractions a week, yield tumour effective
      doses about 10% less than the best schedules in other developed countries. The
      present paper covers a much wider range of fraction numbers from one to 115, and
      from 1 to 80 days. Some numerical errors in the Tables in part I are also
      corrected in the present appendix. These made no difference to the main
      conclusions just described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standard linear quadratic
      modelling was used, assuming at first alpha/beta=10 Gy, alpha=0.35 ln/Gy, Tk=21
      days, Tp=3 days for tumours, but with Tk=7 days, Tp=2.5 Gy for acute mucosal
      reactions, as before. A late complications constraint of 70 Gy was accepted, and
      an acute constraint of 51 Gy (both at 2 Gy fractions). Alternative values of more
      rapid or slower repopulation were also explored (Tp=2 days or Tp=5 days,
      respectively). RESULTS: Optimal values were shown at 22-32 days for one
      fraction/day five times a week, and at 42-49 days for two fractions/day at 10
      fractions/week. Repopulation caused a rapid fall in tumour dose after 30 days
      with one fraction/day, but not until after 50 days with two fractions/day, and so
      was not seen in part I with its too-practical end time. CONCLUSIONS: Biological
      modelling can extrapolate calculations outside the borders of published treatment
      schedules to clarify borderline situations. Optimum schedules in radiotherapy can
      reliably give more tumour control if two fractions/day are used. The potential
      gains are equivalent to about two fractions of 2 Gy as given by this modelling.
      However, the late complications will be less with some nearly tumour equivalent
      shorter schedules if optimally designed.

PMID- 18155894
TI  - When would you like to be treated?--A short survey of radiotherapy outpatients.
AB  - AIMS: To determine whether patients undergoing radiotherapy would choose to
      attend appointments for a course of treatment scheduled outside the normal
      working day and working week. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey of radiotherapy
      outpatients was conducted on two single days in late 2005 and early 2006. There
      were four departments in the first cohort and five in the second cohort.
      Departments were selected from across the UK and were chosen to reflect both city
      centre and out of town locations. Six of the nine departments were working
      extended hours at the time of the survey. The second cohort received a modified
      questionnaire that included two additional questions relating to appointments at
      weekends. RESULTS: In total, 471 and 332 questionnaires were returned by the
      first and second cohorts, respectively. For all age groups, 9.00 am to 12.00 pm
      was the most preferred time for treatment. Outside the normal working day, the
      8.00-9.00 am interval was the most selected, being chosen by 23.4% of
      respondents. Overall, 32.8% (n=260) of respondents would attend a reasonable
      appointment time outside the normal working day and 10.7% (n=85) were unsure. On
      Saturdays, 39.3% (n=130) would attend and 11.5% (n=38) were unsure. For Sundays,
      31.1% (n=103) would attend and 10.9% (n=36) were unsure. CONCLUSIONS: There is
      sufficient support from patients for attendance outside the normal working day to
      ensure appointment slots would not go unfilled during a moderate extension to the
      working day. However, the percentage of patients that would attend varied between
      departments. This demonstrates the need for local evaluation of patient
      preference before the introduction of extended working hours.

PMID- 18155895
TI  - Anaerobic co-digestion of aquatic flora and quinoa with manures from Bolivian
      Altiplano.
AB  - Quinoa stalk (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from agricultural crop residue, totora
      (Schoenoplectus tatora) and o-macrophytes (aquatic flora) from Lake Titicaca (on
      the Bolivian Altiplano) were studied in a wet anaerobic co-digestion process
      together with manure from llama, cow and sheep. Anaerobic semi-continuous
      experiments were performed in (10) 2-l reactors at a temperature of 25 degrees C
      with 30 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and an organic loading rate (OLR)
      of 1.8 kg VS m(-3) d(-1). Totora was found to be the best co-substrate. In
      mixture ratios of 1:1 (VS basis), it increased the biogas productivity by 130%
      for llama manure, 60% for cow manure, and 40% for sheep manure. It was possible
      to use up to 58% (VS basis) of totora in the substrate. Higher concentrations
      (including pure totora) could not be digested, as that caused acidification
      problems similar to those caused by other lignocellulosic materials. When quinoa
      and o-macrophytes were used as co-substrates, the increase in biogas productivity
      was slightly less. However, these co-substrates did not cause any operational
      problems. An additional advantage of quinoa and o-macrophytes was that they could
      be used in any proportion (even in pure form) without causing any destabilization
      problems in the anaerobic digestion process.

PMID- 18155896
TI  - Reproducible and reliable microarray results through quality control: good
      laboratory proficiency and appropriate data analysis practices are essential.
AB  - Over a few short years, microarray gene expression profiling has permeated most
      areas of biomedical research. Microarrays are now poised to enter the more
      demanding realm of clinical applications. The prospect of using microarray data
      to derive biomarkers of disease or toxicity, predict prognosis, or select
      treatments raises the validity and reliability bar substantially higher. The
      potential future payoffs are huge in terms of faster approval of more efficacious
      and safer medical interventions, and a more personalized implementation of them.
      Arriving at the future sooner rather than later is the motivation for the FDA-led
      MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC) project. The widespread collaboration aims to
      assess achievable technical performance of microarrays and capabilities and
      limitations of methods for microarray data analysis.

PMID- 18155897
TI  - Evaluation of an inflammation-based prognostic score in patients with advanced
      ovarian cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that the presence of an ongoing systemic
      inflammatory response is associated with poor outcome in patients with advanced
      cancer. The aim of this study was to validate whether an inflammation-based
      prognostic score (Glasgow Prognostic Score, GPS) is associated with survival in
      patients with advanced stage (stage III/IV) ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS:
      An audit was conducted of patients with a new diagnosis of stage III or IV
      ovarian cancer presenting to the West London Gynae-Oncology Centre between
      October 2003 and June 2006 (n=154). The GPS was constructed as follows: Patients
      with both an elevated C-reactive protein (>10 mg/l) and hypoalbuminaemia (<35
      g/l) were allocated a score of 2. Patients in whom only one or none of these
      biochemical abnormalities was present were allocated a score of 1 or 0,
      respectively. RESULTS: On univariate analysis GPS, histological type, ALP,
      performance status, primary surgery and ascites were predictors of overall
      survival. On multivariate a high GPS score, non-serous histology, high ALP and no
      initial surgery were independent predictors of worse overall survival in this
      population. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a systemic inflammatory response, as
      measured by the GPS, is an independent predictor of poor overall survival in
      patients with advanced ovarian cancer independent of treatment received.

PMID- 18155898
TI  - Incidence of primary liver cancer in Italy between 1988 and 2002: an age-period
      cohort analysis.
AB  - We conducted in Italy a study to evaluate trends of primary liver cancer (PLC)
      and to disentangle the period from birth-cohort effects on PLC incidence. Cases
      aged<80 years and diagnosed between 1988 and 2002 in 20 areas covered by
      population-based Cancer Registries were included. Age-standardised incidence
      rates and age-period-cohort effects were estimated. In 1998-2002, incidence rates
      of PLC were 21.1/100,000 men and 6.0/100,000 women. In both genders, incidence
      rates increased slightly between 1988-1992 and 1993-1997 but did not rise
      thereafter. Amongst men, PLC risk increased in every cohort born after 1913 and
      the rise became steeper for cohorts born in 1948. In women, an upward trend
      appeared only in the cohorts born after 1953. Incidence of PLC over the last two
      decades in Italy did not substantially change but huge geographical variability
      emerged, mainly due to different times and modalities of spread of hepatitis C
      virus.

PMID- 18155899
TI  - Hmga1 null mice are less susceptible to chemically induced skin carcinogenesis.
AB  - The HMGA1 proteins have a critical role in the process of carcinogenesis. They
      are overexpressed in most human malignant neoplasias, and the inhibition of their
      expression has been shown to prevent cell transformation and results in malignant
      cell death. To determine whether HMGA1 proteins are also required for in vivo
      carcinogenesis, we compared the tumour susceptibility of mice wild-type or
      knockout for the Hmga1-null allele using a two-stage chemical skin carcinogenesis
      protocol. Hmga1-/- mice exhibited a decreased number and a delayed onset of skin
      papillomas in comparison with wild-type mice. Moreover, the progression of skin
      papillomas to carcinomas was observed in only 5% of Hmga1-/- compared to 18% of
      wild-type mice. These results suggest a lower susceptibility of Hmga1-/- mice to
      skin carcinogenesis induced by chemical agents.

PMID- 18155900
TI  - Accessibility to targeted oncology drugs in Slovenia and selected European
      countries.
AB  - AIM: The aim of the study is to compare the accessibility to targeted oncology
      drugs in Slovenia and selected European countries. METHODS: Accessibility of
      targeted oncology drugs was assessed by using their sales data, expressed in mg
      per individual dying of the cancer for which the drug was indicated. RESULTS: The
      time of introduction of targeted oncology drugs in Slovenia was in most cases
      similar to the comparison countries, except for alemtuzumab and rituximab. The
      utilisation of targeted oncology drugs in Slovenia was in most cases lower than
      in other comparison countries. Ibritumomab had not been used in Slovenia until
      2005, similar to France, Switzerland and UK. After 2003 the utilisation of
      trastuzumab in Slovenia started to rise substantially, approaching the average
      uptake in comparison countries. CONCLUSION: The utilisation of targeted oncology
      drugs in Slovenia was in most cases lower than in comparison countries.

PMID- 18155901
TI  - Investigation of methanogen population structure in biogas reactor by molecular
      characterization of methyl-coenzyme M reductase A (mcrA) genes.
AB  - The methanogen community in biogas reactor running on cattle dung was
      investigated in two different seasons; summer (April, 36 degrees C) and winter
      (December, 24 degrees C), in the year 2004 by a culture-independent approach.
      Community structure was determined by phylogenetic analyses of 343 and 278 mcrA
      clones belonging to summer and winter month libraries, respectively. In summer
      month's library, 41.7% clones were affiliated to Methanomicrobiales, 30% to
      Methanosarcinales, 19% to Methanobacteriales, 5% to Methanococcales and a total
      of 4.3% clones belonged to unclassified euryarchaeotal lineages. In winter
      month's library, Methanomicrobiales encompassed 98.6% clones, and
      Methanobacteriales included 1.4% of total clone diversity. Biogas plant
      performance data collected during the winter month indicated significant
      reduction in daily biogas produced as compared to summer month because of
      lowering in ambient temperature and associated shift in microbial community.
      Results from this molecular study showed the existence of highly diverse and
      complex methanogens communities present in biogas plant.

PMID- 18155902
TI  - Nitrogen removal from purified swine wastewater using biogas by semi-partitioned
      reactor.
AB  - Nitrate and ammonium removal from purified swine wastewater using biogas and air
      was investigated in continuous reactor operation. A novel type of reactor, a semi
      partitioned reactor (SPR), which enables a biological reaction using methane and
      oxygen in the water phase and discharges these unused gases separately, was
      operated with a varying gas supply rate. Successful removal of NO(3)(-) and
      NH(4)(+) was observed when biogas and air of 1L/min was supplied to an SPR of 9L
      water phase with a NO(2,3)(-)-N and NH(4)(+)-N removal rate of 0.10 g/L/day and
      0.060 g/L/day, respectively. The original biogas contained an average of 77.2%
      methane, and the discharged biogas from the SPR contained an average of 76.9% of
      unused methane that was useable for energy like heat or electricity production.
      Methane was contained in the discharged air from the SPR at an average of 2.1%.
      When gas supply rates were raised to 2L/min and the nitrogen load was increased,
      NO(3)(-) concentration was decreased, but NO(2)(-) accumulated in the reactor and
      the NO(2,3)(-)-N and NH(4)(+)-N removal activity declined. To recover the
      activity, lowering of the nitrogen load and the gas supply rate was needed. This
      study shows that the SPR enables nitrogen removal from purified swine wastewater
      using biogas under limited gas supply condition.

PMID- 18155903
TI  - Microbial dynamics and enzyme activities during rapid composting of municipal
      solid waste - a compost maturity analysis perspective.
AB  - An investigation was carried out in the laboratory to find out the microbial
      dynamics and enzyme activities during rapid composting of municipal solid waste
      (MSW). Various treatments such as aeration (A), addition of chemical agents
      (glucose (G) and acetic acid (AA) and application of cellulolytic microbial (M)
      inoculum (Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trichoderma reesei) were used to
      facilitate the decomposition of MSW. The result of the present investigation
      revealed that the degradation of organic substrates were quick (within 9-12 days)
      in case of rapid composting as indicated by the reduction (below 20) in C/N
      ratio. Whereas, normal composting took more than 20 days to attain C/N ratio of
      below 20. Estimation of selected enzymes (amylase, protease, phosphatase and
      cellulase) provided information on the substrate specific degradation profiles of
      various labile substrates contained in organic waste.

PMID- 18155904
TI  - Polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity of soybean seed extracts.
AB  - The antioxidant activity and contents of various polyphenol classes in the seeds
      of 20 soybean hybrids were evaluated. Total polyphenols, tannins and
      proanthocyanidins were determined after extraction of plant material with 70%
      aqueous acetone. In addition, flavonoid content was determined. Antioxidant
      activity of seed extracts was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging activity
      assay. A positive linear correlation between antioxidant activity and contents of
      total phenols, tannins and proanthocyanidins was established. The highest
      antioxidant activity was observed in the extracts of hybrids which have higher
      levels of all polyphenol classes examined. The most of the single-cross hybrids
      were poor in tannins which recommend them as good source for ensiled livestock
      feed. Results suggested that polyphenol content should be considered as an
      important feature of the soybean seed.

PMID- 18155905
TI  - Production and characterization of a bioflocculant by Proteus mirabilis TJ-1.
AB  - A bioflocculant TJ-F1 with high flocculating activity, produced by strain TJ-1
      from a mixed activated sludge, was investigated with regard to its production and
      characterization. By 16S rDNA sequence and biochemical and physiological
      characteristics, strain TJ-1 was identified as Proteus mirabilis. The most
      preferred carbon source, nitrogen source and C/N ratio (w/w) for strain TJ-1 to
      produce the bioflocculant were found to be glucose, peptone and 10, respectively.
      TJ-F1 production could be greatly stimulated by cations Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and
      Fe(3+). The optimal conditions for TJ-F1 production were inoculum size 2 per
      thousand (v/v), initial pH 7.0, culture temperature 25 degrees C, and shaking
      speed 130r/min, under which the flocculating activity of the bioflocculant
      reached 93.13%. About 1.33 g of the purified bioflocculant, whose molecular
      weight (MW) was 1.2 x 10(5) Da, could be recovered from 1.0 l of fermentation
      broth. Chemical analysis of bioflocculant TJ-F1 indicated that it contained
      protein (30.9%, w/w) and acid polysaccharide (63.1%, w/w), including neutral
      sugar, glucuronic acid and amino sugar as the principal constituents in the
      relative weight proportions of 8.2:5.3:1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
      image of the purified solid-state TJ-F1 showed that it had a crystal-linear
      structure. Spectroscopic analysis of the bioflocculant by Fourier-transform
      infrared (FTIR) spectrometry indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and
      amino groups preferred for the flocculation process.

PMID- 18155906
TI  - Hepatoselectivity of statins: design and synthesis of 4-sulfamoyl pyrroles as HMG
      CoA reductase inhibitors.
AB  - 4-Sulfamoyl pyrroles were designed as novel hepatoselective HMG-CoA reductase
      inhibitors (statins) to reduce myalgia, a statin-induced adverse effect. The
      compounds were prepared via a [3+2] cycloaddition of a Munchnone with a
      sulfonamide-substituted alkyne. We identified compounds with greater selectivity
      for hepatocytes compared to L6-myocytes than rosuvastatin and atorvastatin. There
      was an inverse correlation of myocyte potencies and ClogP values. A number of
      analogs were effective at reducing cholesterol in acute and chronic in vivo
      models but they lacked sufficient chronic in vivo activity to warrant further
      development.

PMID- 18155907
TI  - Cy3-3-acylcholine: a fluorescent analogue of acetylcholine for single molecule
      detection.
AB  - We synthesized a novel fluorescent analogue of acetylcholine, Cy3-3-acylcholine.
      The molecular weight of the products agreed with structural predictions. Discrete
      intensity changes of fluorescent spots due to a single ligand binding/unbinding
      to nAChR were visualized by TIRF microscopy. The agonist effect of the Cy3-3
      acylcholine on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was confirmed
      electrophysiologically. This newly synthesized fluorescent analogue will enable
      us to conduct more elaborate studies on single channel interaction processes
      between nAChR and ligands.

PMID- 18155908
TI  - Synthesis of benzamide derivatives as TRPV1 antagonists.
AB  - From hit compounds identified by high throughput screening (HTS), we have found
      compound 1 as a lead TRPV1 antagonist and confirmed its potential as a treatment
      for pain. Compound 1 has led to potent TRPV1 antagonistic benzamide derivatives
      ((+/-)-2: human IC(50)=23 nM, (+/-)-3: human IC(50)=14 nM in the capsaicin
      induced calcium influx assay) containing indole and naphthyl moieties, obtained
      by elaboration of the tryptamine scaffold or via bioisosteric replacements.

PMID- 18155909
TI  - On the conversion of structural analogues of (S)-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid
      to epoxides by the final enzyme of fosfomycin biosynthesis in S. fradiae.
AB  - 2-Hydroxyethyl- and (S)-2-hydroxybutylphosphonic acid were prepared, starting in
      the latter case from (S)-2-aminobutyric acid. They were fed to cultures of
      Streptomyces fradiae producing fosfomycin. Only the latter (150 microg/mL of
      medium) was converted to the ethyl analogue of fosfomycin, isolated as 2-amino-1
      hydroxybutylphosphonic acid (3%) in admixture with 2-amino-1
      hydroxypropylphosphonic acid (97%) derived from fosfomycin.

PMID- 18155910
TI  - A graftable LDV peptidomimetic: design, synthesis and application to a blood
      filtration membrane.
AB  - A graftable LDV (Leu-Asp-Val) peptidomimetic molecule (B-c) has been prepared
      from 3-(5-amino-2-hydroxy)phenyl-propionic acid, as alpha(4)beta(1) (VLA-4)
      integrin ligand. For that purpose, the mechanism of 3-(4-azidophenyl)propionic
      acid rearrangement has been revisited. Activation of Durapore DVPP-hydrophilic
      membrane, by surface wet chemistry using triazine trifluoride, followed by
      covalent coupling of B-c produced a modified filter (0.8% of derivatisation from
      XPS analysis) with improved capacity of leukocyte retention.

PMID- 18155911
TI  - Differential diagnosis of muscular hypotonia in infants: the kyphoscoliotic type
      of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS VI).
AB  - The kyphoscoliotic type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS VI) (OMIM 225400) is an
      inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by hypotonia and
      kyphoscoliosis at birth, joint hypermobility, and skin hyperelasticity and
      fragility. Biochemically, it is characterized by a deficiency of collagen lysyl
      hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.4) due to mutations in PLOD1. This deficiency results in
      underhydroxylation of collagen lysyl residues and, hence, an abnormal pattern of
      lysyl pyridinoline (LP) and hydroxylysyl pyridinoline (HP) crosslinks excreted in
      the urine. Because of hypotonia and delay in gross motor development, a
      neuromuscular disease is usually suspected, and in most cases the diagnosis is
      considered only very late, after performing an invasive neuromuscular work-up
      with normal results. We report a 12-month-old boy with kyphoscoliosis and delayed
      gross motor development, in whom the differential diagnosis of kyphoscoliotic
      type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS VI) was initially suspected and successively
      confirmed by the abnormal urinary ratio of total pyridinolines (LP to HP), and by
      mutation analysis. We advocate the analysis of urinary pyridinolines in all
      infants with severe hypotonia which is highly specific and sensitive, quick and
      inexpensive.

PMID- 18155912
TI  - Nutritionally essential fatty acids and biologically indispensable
      cyclooxygenases.
AB  - The study of cyclooxygenases (COXs), targets of aspirin and related drugs, is
      rooted in the discovery of essential fatty acids (EFAs). There are two COXs that
      convert EFAs, primarily arachidonic acid, to prostaglandins. Each COX is involved
      with distinct biologies. COX-1 expression is constitutive while COX-2 is
      inducible. The two COXs might have evolved partly to permit prostaglandin
      formation at different tissue sites. However, COX-2 is sometimes induced in cells
      already expressing COX-1, and in these instances, COX-2 functions while COX-1 is
      latent. This can occur because of unique biochemical properties of COX-2 that
      enable cells to form prostaglandins when arachidonic acid comprises a small
      fraction of available fatty acids and the concentrations of peroxides that are
      necessary for COX to function are low.

PMID- 18155913
TI  - Local crystal anisotropy obtained in the small probe geometry.
AB  - A brief review of the scattering mechanisms of spatially resolved EELS is given.
      This discussion shows that the sensitivity of EELS to scattering angle and to the
      symmetry or parity of a specimen excitation is closely related to spatial
      resolution. In the past, large probe, angle resolved experiments have been used
      to show that EELS can be used to obtain specimen anisotropy. It is pointed out
      here that under certain conditions, a small probe experiment can also be used for
      this purpose. This suggestion is illustrated with an analysis of EXELFS
      scattering in graphite in the small probe geometry.

PMID- 18155914
TI  - Synthesis of new carbon-11 labeled cyclofenil derivatives for PET imaging of
      breast cancer estrogen receptors.
AB  - Carbon-11 labeled cyclofenil derivatives, [(11)C]methyl-2-{4-[bis(4
      hydroxyphenyl)methylene]cyclohexyl}acetate ([(11)C]16a), [(11)C]methyl-4-[bis(4
      hydroxyphenyl)methylene]cyclohexanecarboxylate ([(11)C]16b), [(11)C]methyl-2-{3
      [bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]cyclohexyl}acetate ([(11)C]18a), and [(11)C]methyl
      3-[bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]cyclohexanecarboxylate ([(11)C]18b), have been
      synthesized as new potential PET agents for imaging breast cancer estrogen
      receptors. The target tracers were prepared by O-[(11)C]methylation of their
      corresponding precursors using [(11)C]CH(3)OTf and isolated by a simplified SPE
      purification procedure in 35-50% radiochemical yields decay corrected to EOB, 15
      20 min overall synthesis time, and 74-111 GBq/micromol specific activity at EOS.

PMID- 18155915
TI  - Facile synthesis of new carbon-11 labeled conformationally restricted
      rivastigmine analogues as potential PET agents for imaging AChE and BChE enzymes.
AB  - Rivastigmine is a newer-generation inhibitor with a dual inhibitory action on
      both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes, and is
      used for the treatment of AChE- and BChE-related diseases such as brain
      Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease. New carbon-11 labeled
      conformationally restricted rivastigmine analogues radiolabeled quaternary
      ammonium triflate salts, (3aR,9bS)-1-[(11)C]methyl-1-methyl-6
      (methylcarbamoyloxy)-2,3,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-benzo[g]indolium triflate
      ([(11)C]8) and (3aR,9bS)-1-[(11)C]methyl-1-methyl-6-(heptylcarbamoyloxy)
      2,3,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-benzo[g]indolium triflate ([(11)C]9), were designed
      and synthesized as potential positron emission tomography (PET) agents for
      imaging AChE and BChE enzymes. The appropriate precursors were labeled with
      [(11)C]CH(3)OTf through N-[(11)C]methylation, and the target tracers were
      isolated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using a cation-exchange CM Sep-Pak
      cartridge in 40-50% radiochemical yields decay corrected to end of bombardment
      (EOB), 15-20 min overall synthesis time, and 148-222 GBq/micromol specific
      activity at EOB.

PMID- 18155916
TI  - Location, location: protein trafficking and lipolysis in adipocytes.
AB  - The storage and mobilization of lipid are central functions of fat cells. Recent
      proteomic studies suggest that intracellular triglyceride storage droplets are
      dynamic organelles, and that the signaling events underlying lipid mobilization
      alter protein trafficking to a specialized subset of these droplets. Here we
      review recent research that has identified new players in hormone-stimulated
      lipolysis, and the role of perilipin A, a lipid droplet scaffold protein, in
      organizing and directing lipolytic protein trafficking.

PMID- 18155917
TI  - Melatonin in the skin: synthesis, metabolism and functions.
AB  - Melatonin, a ubiquitous methoxyindole, is produced by and metabolized in the
      skin. Melatonin affects skin functions and structures through actions mediated by
      cell-surface and putative-nuclear receptors expressed in skin cells. Melatonin
      has both receptor-dependent and receptor-independent effects that protect against
      oxidative stress and can attenuate ultraviolet radiation-induced damage. The
      widespread expression and pleiotropic activity of the cutaneous melatoninergic
      system provides for a high level of cell-specific selectivity. Moreover, intra-,
      auto- and para-crine mechanisms equip this system with exquisite functional
      selectivity. The properties of endogenous melatonin suggest that this molecule is
      an important effector of stress responses in the skin. In this way, melatonin
      actions may counteract or buffer both environmental and endogenous stressors to
      maintain skin integrity.

PMID- 18155918
TI  - Histone deacetylases and repression of the gonadotropin genes.
AB  - The roles of chromatin modifications in transcription have been studied
      extensively; however, there remains a dearth of information explaining how
      extracellular signals induce changes in chromatin at a specific gene locus. The
      gonadotropins provide an example of genes that undergo significant fluctuations
      in their expression, and are regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
      through a membrane-bound receptor. GnRH displaces histone deacetylases (HDACs)
      from gonadotropin genes in immature mouse gonadotropes, and some of the pathways
      have been elucidated. This GnRH effect likely comprises a mechanism involved in
      altering reproductive potential and provides a model for studying the regulation
      of derepression. This paper reviews the role of HDACs in repression of the
      gonadotropin genes and the mechanisms through which GnRH overcomes their actions.

PMID- 18155919
TI  - Simultaneous determination of ginkgo flavonoids and terpenoids in plasma:
      ammonium formate in LC mobile phase enhancing electrospray ionization efficiency
      and capacity.
AB  - Extracts from Ginkgo biloba leaves confer their therapeutic effects through the
      synergistic actions of flavonoid and terpenoid components. We herein describe the
      development of an LC-MS/MS-based method for simultaneous determination of
      flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin) and terpenoids (bilobalide,
      ginkgolides A, B, C, and J) in acid-hydrolyzed plasma by circumventing cross
      interference between the flavonoids and terpenoids identified. Notably, inclusion
      of ammonium formate (0.2 mM) in the mobile phase generated beneficial LC
      electrolyte effects, including increased ESI efficiency and capacity, with the
      result that the newly developed procedure exhibits the highest analytical
      performance reported to date for ginkgo-associated studies. The method yields
      high sensitivity, negligible matrix interference and cross-interference, wide
      linear dynamic ranges, high sample throughput, and quite small initial sample
      size. The assay utility to dog pharmacokinetic measurements of commercial ginkgo
      products yielded the most comprehensive data on systemic exposure to the ginkgo
      compounds to date. The newly developed multi-analyte procedure should be widely
      useful.

PMID- 18155920
TI  - Parameters contributing to efficient ion generation in aerosol MALDI mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - The Bioaerosol Mass Spectrometry (BAMS) system was developed for the real-time
      detection and identification of biological aerosols using laser desorption
      ionization. Greater differentiation of particle types is desired; consequently
      MALDI techniques are being investigated. The small sample size ( approximately 1
      microm3), lack of substrate, and ability to simultaneously monitor both positive
      and negative ions provide a unique opportunity to gain new insight into the MALDI
      process. Several parameters known to influence MALDI molecular ion yield and
      formation are investigated here in the single particle phase. A comparative study
      of five matrices (2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, alpha
      cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and sinapinic acid) with a single
      analyte (angiotensin I) is presented and reveals effects of matrix selection,
      matrix-to-analyte molar ratio, and aerosol particle diameter. The strongest
      analyte ion signal is found at a matrix-to-analyte molar ratio of 100:1. At this
      ratio, the matrices yielding the least and greatest analyte molecular ion
      formation are ferulic acid and alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, respectively.
      Additionally, a significant positive correlation is found between aerodynamic
      particle diameter and analyte molecular ion yield for all matrices. SEM imaging
      of select aerosol particle types reveals interesting surface morphology and
      structure.

PMID- 18155921
TI  - Comparison of the thioester domain and adjacent regions of the alpha2
      macroglobulin from different South Atlantic crustaceans.

PMID- 18155922
TI  - Molecular cloning of leucocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 gene in croceine croaker
      (Pseudosciaena crocea).
AB  - Leucocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2) was originally demonstrated to have a
      chemotactic activity against human neutrophils in vitro. Current evidence
      suggests that LECT2 may be a multifunctional protein involved in cell growth,
      differentiation and autoimmune. A full-length cDNA clone of the LECT2 gene, 595bp
      in size, was isolated from the fish croceine croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). It's
      3'-UTR was much shorter (112nts) than that of trout LECT2 gene (210nts). Its
      deduced amino acid sequence of 151 residues had 39.7-75.5% identity to that of
      other animals. Phylogenetic analysis shows that croceine croaker LECT2 (pLECT2)
      is clustered tightly with other fish LECT2. The relationships of the different
      LECT2 coincided well with the evolutionary relationships of their organisms. In
      healthy fish, the expression levels of pLECT2 gene from different tissues were
      similar, while that in Vibrio alginolyticus-infected fish were significantly
      increased in liver and spleen comparing to those in healthy fish, and were a
      little higher in the other tissues.

PMID- 18155923
TI  - Clinical and electrophysiologic findings in dialysis patients.
AB  - The aim of this study was to quantitatively determine the electrophysiologic
      changes occurring in the peripheral nerves and muscles in patients with chronic
      renal failure (CRF) treated with haemodialysis (HD) or continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and to determine which electrophysiologic parameters
      are most commonly abnormal in uraemic patients. We investigated the relationship
      between the parameters of neurography and quantitative electromyography (QEMG)
      and clinical findings. The study included 42 patients with CRF (30 on HD and 12
      on CAPD). Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) of the median, ulnar, tibial, peroneal,
      and sural nerves, and QEMG of the tibialis anterior and biceps brachii muscles
      were performed. We found axonal and/or demyelinating polyneuropathies in 97.6% of
      the patients (100% of HD and 91.7% of CAPD patients), but were not able to verify
      any significant differences between the HD and CAPD patients using NCS or QEMG.
      Median, ulnar, sural sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes, peroneal
      CV and F-latency were the most common abnormal parameters in sensory and motor
      NCSs, respectively. The clinical findings only correlated with the parameters of
      neurography, and not with the parameters of QEMG. Sural SNAP amplitudes, peroneal
      and tibial CVs, F-latencies also correlated with the severity of the clinical
      findings in these patients, suggesting that these parameters can be used in
      follow up studies in these patients. In this study, most of the uraemic patients
      were found to have already mild or moderate neuropathies in which the objective
      clinical signs might be absent, even if they have some clinical symptoms. NCS
      showed abnormality indicating polyneuropathy in 24 out of 25 patients with
      clinical neuropathy signs and in 17 out of 17 patients with no clinical signs.
      Thus, in subclinical conditions NCS is useful to detect the abnormalities in
      peripheral nerves of the ureamic patients under chronic dialysis.

PMID- 18155924
TI  - Gastric distention activates satiety circuitry in the human brain.
AB  - Gastric distention during meal ingestion activates vagal afferents, which send
      signals from the stomach to the brain and result in the perception of fullness
      and satiety. Distention is one of the mechanisms that modulates food intake. We
      measured regional brain activation during dynamic gastric balloon distention in
      18 health subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging and the blood
      oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses. The BOLD signal was significantly
      changed by both inflow and outflow changes in the balloon's volume. For lower
      balloon volumes, water inflow was associated with activation of sensorimotor
      cortices and right insula. The larger volume condition additionally activated
      left posterior amygdala, left posterior insula and the left precuneus. The
      response in the left amygdala and insula was negatively associated with changes
      in self-reports of fullness and positively with changes in plasma ghrelin
      concentration, whereas those in the right amygdala and insula were negatively
      associated with the subject's body mass index. The widespread activation induced
      by gastric distention corroborates the influence of vagal afferents on cortical
      and subcortical brain activity. These findings provide evidence that the left
      amygdala and insula process interoceptive signals of fullness produced by gastric
      distention involved in the controls of food intake.

PMID- 18155926
TI  - A hippocampal-parietal network for learning an ordered sequence.
AB  - The dynamics of the neural network that underlies learning transitive structures
      of an ordered sequence remains poorly understood. To address this, in the present
      study we used fMRI to track the time course of transitive inference learning. The
      hippocampus and the angular gyrus were each shown to be closely related to the
      learning trajectory, but differentially so. Hippocampal activity was shown to
      consistently increase with learning but no correlation was found between
      performance and hippocampal activation, suggesting a general role for the
      hippocampus. Left angular gyrus activity was also found to consistently increase
      with training, but, in addition, correlated significantly with behavioral
      performance. This suggests an involvement of the angular gyrus in learning the
      ordinal associations between the stimuli.

PMID- 18155925
TI  - Study of the development of fetal baboon brain using magnetic resonance imaging
      at 3 Tesla.
AB  - Direct observational data on the development of the brains of human and nonhuman
      primates is on remarkably scant, and most of our understanding of primate brain
      development is extrapolated from findings in rodent models. Magnetic resonance
      imaging (MRI) is a promising tool for the noninvasive, longitudinal study of the
      developing primate brain. We devised a protocol to scan pregnant baboons serially
      at 3 T for up to 3 h per session. Seven baboons were scanned 1-6 times, beginning
      as early as 56 days post-conceptional age, and as late as 185 days (term
      approximately 185 days). Successful scanning of the fetal baboon required careful
      animal preparation and anesthesia, in addition to optimization of the scanning
      protocol. We successfully acquired maps of relaxation times (T(1) and T(2)) and
      high-resolution anatomical images of the brains of fetal baboons at multiple time
      points during the course of gestation. These images demonstrated the convergence
      of gray and white matter contrast near term, and furthermore demonstrated that
      the loss of contrast at that age is a consequence of the continuous change in
      relaxation times during fetal brain development. These data furthermore
      demonstrate that maps of relaxation times have clear advantages over the
      relaxation time weighted images for the tracking of the changes in brain
      structure during fetal development. This protocol for in utero MRI of fetal
      baboon brains will help to advance the use of nonhuman primate models to study
      fetal brain development longitudinally.

PMID- 18155927
TI  - Is our self based on reward? Self-relatedness recruits neural activity in the
      reward system.
AB  - Every organism has to evaluate incoming stimuli according to their current and
      future significance. The immediate value of stimuli is coded by the reward
      system, but the processing of their long-term relevance implements a valuation
      system that implicates self-relatedness. The neuronal relationship between reward
      and self-relatedness remains unclear though. Using event-related functional MRI,
      we investigated whether self-relatedness induces neural activity in the reward
      system. Self-relatedness induced signal changes in the same regions that were
      recruited during reward including the bilateral nucleus accumbens (NACC), ventral
      tegmental area (VTA) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). The fMRI signal
      time courses revealed no differences in early BOLD signals between reward and
      self-relatedness. In contrast, both conditions differed in late BOLD signals with
      self-relatedness showing higher signal intensity. In sum, our findings indicate
      sustained recruitment of the reward system during self-relatedness. These
      findings may contribute to a better understanding of the reward-based nature of
      our self.

PMID- 18155928
TI  - Improving MEG source localizations: an automated method for complete artifact
      removal based on independent component analysis.
AB  - The major limitation for the acquisition of high-quality magnetoencephalography
      (MEG) recordings is the presence of disturbances of physiological and technical
      origins: eye movements, cardiac signals, muscular contractions, and environmental
      noise are serious problems for MEG signal analysis. In the last years, multi
      channel MEG systems have undergone rapid technological developments in terms of
      noise reduction, and many processing methods have been proposed for artifact
      rejection. Independent component analysis (ICA) has already shown to be an
      effective and generally applicable technique for concurrently removing artifacts
      and noise from the MEG recordings. However, no standardized automated system
      based on ICA has become available so far, because of the intrinsic difficulty in
      the reliable categorization of the source signals obtained with this technique.
      In this work, approximate entropy (ApEn), a measure of data regularity, is
      successfully used for the classification of the signals produced by ICA, allowing
      for an automated artifact rejection. The proposed method has been tested using
      MEG data sets collected during somatosensory, auditory and visual stimulation. It
      was demonstrated to be effective in attenuating both biological artifacts and
      environmental noise, in order to reconstruct clear signals that can be used for
      improving brain source localizations.

PMID- 18155929
TI  - Preictal short-term plasticity induced by intracerebral 1 Hz stimulation.
AB  - Short-term changes of intrinsic properties of neural networks play a critical
      role in brain dynamics. In that context, epilepsy is a typical pathology where
      the fast transition between interictal and ictal states is probably associated to
      intrinsic modifications of underlying networks. In this study, we focused on the
      correlates of plastic neural mechanisms in the intracerebral electroencephalogram
      (iEEG). Data were obtained during 1 Hz electrical stimulation in twenty patients
      suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy and implanted with intracerebral electrodes
      for clinical evaluation before resective surgery. First, we developed a procedure
      of analysis for localisation of the seizure onset zone based on brain
      excitability and plasticity defined as the average, and as the first-order
      (linear) modulation respectively, of the standard deviation of iEEG responses
      over stimulations. Our results suggest that the candidate epileptic focus is
      particularly prone to exhibiting short-term plasticity. Second, we used Dynamic
      Causal Modelling (DCM) to model explicitly short-term plasticity as a fast
      modulation of synaptic efficacies in either intrinsic or extrinsic connections to
      the focus. We found the two types of modulation both likely. Third, we used DCM
      to study the fast modulation of synaptic connectivity of long-range connections
      in neuronal networks restricted to the temporal lobe. Using DCM, we were able to
      estimate which structures expressed a strong modulatory input to the epileptic
      focus. Such early changes in interregional connectivity might be important for
      the initiation of electrically-induced seizures. They may also reflect some
      aspects of the pathogenesis of epilepsy in those patients.

PMID- 18155930
TI  - Phylogenetic analysis of P5 P-type ATPases, a eukaryotic lineage of secretory
      pathway pumps.
AB  - Eukaryotes encompass a remarkable variety of organisms and unresolved lineages.
      Different phylogenetic analyses have lead to conflicting conclusions as to the
      origin and associations between lineages and species. In this work, we
      investigated evolutionary relationship of a family of cation pumps exclusive for
      the secretory pathway of eukaryotes by combining the identification of lineage
      specific genes with phylogenetic evolution of common genes. Sequences of P5
      ATPases, which are regarded to be cation pumps in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER),
      were identified in all eukaryotic lineages but not in any prokaryotic genome.
      Based on a protein alignment we could group the P5 ATPases into two subfamilies,
      P5A and P5B that, based on the number of negative charges in conserved trans
      membrane segment 4, are likely to have different ion specificities. P5A ATPases
      are present in all eukaryotic genomes sequenced so far, while P5B ATPases appear
      to be lost in three eukaryotic lineages; excavates, entamoebas and land plants. A
      lineage-specific gene expansion of up to four different P5B ATPases is seen in
      animals.

PMID- 18155931
TI  - Long-term levetiracetam treatment affects reproductive endocrine function in
      female Wistar rats.
AB  - PURPOSE: Several antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) induce changes in endocrine function
      in women with epilepsy. Levetiracetam (LEV) is one of the newer AEDs, and to date
      no endocrine side-effects have been reported in humans. However, a recent study
      on ovarian follicular cells from prepubertal pigs showed that LEV affected basal
      steroid hormone secretion. The aim of the present study was to investigate
      possible effects of the drug on endocrine function and ovarian morphology in non
      epileptic rats. METHODS: Thirty female Wistar rats were fed per-orally with
      either 50mg/kg LEV (n=15) or 150 mg/kg LEV (n=15) twice daily for 90-95 days.
      Twenty rats received a control solution. The rats were killed in the dioestrus
      phase of the oestrous cycle. Serum concentrations of testosterone, 17beta
      oestradiol, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone
      (LH) and LEV were measured, and the ovaries examined histologically. RESULTS:
      Mean ovarian weight showed a significant, dose-dependent increase after LEV
      treatment. Mean numbers of ovarian follicular cysts were not changed, but the
      numbers of corpora lutea and secondary follicles were significantly higher in the
      treated animals. Serum testosterone was significantly increased in treated
      animals (0.50 nmol/l versus 0.16 nmol/l in controls, p<0.05), while oestradiol
      was reduced (67.4 compared to 257.5 pmol/l in controls, p<0.05). The low-dose
      group had significantly lower serum progesterone concentrations than the control
      group (56.8 nmol/l versus 34.7 nmol/l, respectively, p<0.05). FSH was reduced in
      the treated animals (3.3 ng/ml versus 5.5 ng/ml, p<0.05) while LH was unaffected.
      CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate a possible effect of LEV on the hypothalamic
      pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and ovarian morphology in non-epileptic rats. The
      effects differ from those previously described for other AEDs. Caution must be
      taken before these results can be applied to humans.

PMID- 18155932
TI  - Disorders of reproduction in epilepsy--what can we learn from animal studies?
AB  - Several animal studies have shown that both the epilepsy itself and many
      antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) affect reproductive endocrine function in both males
      and females. Epileptic activity may lead to arrested ovarian cyclicity,
      anovulatory cycles, polycystic ovaries, and endocrine changes in female animals.
      In males, seizures disturb normal reproductive physiology by inducing endocrine
      changes, alterations in gonadal size, and hyposexuality. Several AEDs also affect
      endocrine function, fertility, and gonadal morphology in both sexes. This paper
      reviews the literature regarding animal studies related to reproductive disorders
      in epilepsy. Although care should always be taken when applying data from animal
      experiments to the human situation, animal models provide a unique possibility
      for investigating the independent effects of the epilepsy itself and the effects
      of AEDs in isolation, without confounding factors. By constantly comparing
      results from clinical and animal studies, and by developing appropriate animal
      models, several mechanistic questions regarding the complex interplay between
      epilepsy, hormones, and AEDs can be explored. Animal experiments should play an
      integral part in the study of reproductive endocrine disorders in epilepsy.

PMID- 18155933
TI  - Nuclear actin in plants.
AB  - Actins constitute a wide family of proteins that are major components of the
      cytoskeleton. Animal cells have nuclear G-actin forms that assemble into several
      nuclear macromolecular complexes and are substrates for myosin I beta (NMI). The
      nuclear actin related proteins (ARPs) are part of the chromatin-remodelling
      complex, while nuclear acting binding proteins (nABPs) comprise either nuclear
      forms of cytoplasmic ABPs (as NMI) or specific nABPs. No evidence of the presence
      of nuclear actin exists in plants, which lack orthologues of the main animal
      structural nABPs. Here we prove the presence of actin forms with different
      solubility, and their associated protein NMI in the plant nucleus, as components
      of the transcription complexes and the nucleoskeleton. For this, WB and confocal
      immunofluorescence with antibodies against human actin and NMI were used.

PMID- 18155934
TI  - A randomized controlled trial of exposure in vivo for patients with spinal pain
      reporting fear of work-related activities.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Pain-related fear is related to disability in persistent pain
      conditions. Exposure treatment has been reported to be of great benefit in
      replicated single case experiments. AIM: To evaluate the effects of exposure in
      vivo on fear and function in patients with persistent pain and work disability.
      METHOD: We recruited 46 patients suffering from long-term back pain and reduced
      function, who also were deemed fearful according to standardized measures.
      Participants were randomized into either an exposure plus usual treatment or
      waiting list control plus usual treatment group. After the waiting period the
      control group crossed over and received the exposure treatment. RESULTS: Between
      group comparisons showed a significantly better result for the exposure group on
      function, but not for fear or pain and effect sizes were modest (function=.6;
      fear=.4; pain=.1). When the control group crossed over to treatment significant
      treatment effects were noted for fear and function. For all patients treated, the
      pre to post-treatment effect sizes were large (function=.7; fear=1.1; pain=.9).
      There were 12 dropouts (8 in exposure and 4 in the control) during the first
      treatment phase and an additional 4 when the control group crossed over to
      exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to a group receiving usual treatment and waiting
      for exposure, the exposure in vivo group demonstrated a significantly larger
      improvement on function. Overall exposure had moderate effects on function, fear
      and pain intensity. We conclude that exposure may be important in treatment, but
      is not recommended as a "stand alone" adjunct to usual treatment.

PMID- 18155935
TI  - CONTRA: improving the performance of dynamic investigations in natural abundance
      organic solids by mirror-symmetric constant-time CODEX.
AB  - We present a minor but essential modification to the CODEX 1D-MAS exchange
      experiment. The new CONTRA method, which requires minor changes of the original
      sequence only, has advantages over the previously introduced S-CODEX, since it is
      less sensitive to artefacts caused by finite pulse lengths. The performance of
      this variant, including the finite pulse effect, was confirmed by SIMPSON
      calculations and demonstrated on a number of dynamic systems.

PMID- 18155936
TI  - Solid state 19F NMR parameters of fluorine-labeled amino acids. Part I: aromatic
      substituents.
AB  - Structural parameters of peptides and proteins in biomembranes can be directly
      measured by solid state NMR of selectively labeled amino acids. The 19F nucleus
      is a promising label to overcome the low sensitivity of 2H, 13C or 15N, and to
      serve as a background-free reporter group in biological compounds. To make the
      advantages of solid state 19F NMR fully available for structural studies of
      polypeptides, we have systematically measured the chemical shift anisotropies and
      relaxation properties of the most relevant aromatic and aliphatic 19F-labeled
      amino acids. In this first part of two consecutive contributions, six different
      19F-substituents on representative aromatic side chains were characterized as
      polycrystalline powders by static and MAS experiments. The data are also compared
      with results on the same amino acids incorporated in synthetic peptides. The
      spectra show a wide variety of lineshapes, from which the principal values of the
      CSA tensors were extracted. In addition, temperature-dependent T(1) and T(2)
      relaxation times were determined by 19F NMR in the solid state, and isotropic
      chemical shifts and scalar couplings were obtained in solution.

PMID- 18155937
TI  - Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus orbital cellulitis
      in a non-immunocompromised child.
AB  - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has recently become a
      significant pathogen in ocular and systemic disease. Both community- and
      nosocomial-acquired MRSA orbital cellulitis have been reported in adults.
      However, there exist only very few published case reports of pediatric MRSA
      orbital cellulitis, and it is unclear whether these infections were hospital or
      community acquired and if these children were immunocompromised. We report the
      first documented case of orbital cellulitis secondary to community-acquired MRSA
      in a non-immunocompromised child.

PMID- 18155938
TI  - The age-dependent effect of anisometropia magnitude on anisometropic amblyopia
      severity.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Anisometropia is an important cause of amblyopia. The relationship
      between anisometropia depth and amblyopia magnitude is not well characterized, as
      previous studies have been limited to patients identified because of their
      amblyopia. We analyzed results from anisometropic patients identified with
      photoscreening to eliminate this selection bias. METHODS: We performed a
      retrospective observational study of preschool children with anisometropia >1.0 D
      identified during a statewide photoscreening program. Nine hundred seventy-four
      children with anisometropia were detected over a 9-year period. Visual acuity,
      cycloplegic refraction data, and patient age from a formal follow-up examination
      were analyzed. Effect of anisometropia magnitude on amblyopia was measured by
      ordinal logistic regression, taking age into account. RESULTS: Six hundred forty
      (65.7%) children had amblyopia > or =2 lines. Three hundred sixty-four (37.4%)
      had > or =4 lines amblyopia. There was a statistically significant increase in
      risk of amblyopia with increasing magnitude of anisometropia. Calculated odds
      ratios for amblyopia with maximal meridional anisometropia of > or =2 to <4 D
      compared with >1 to <2 D was 2.13 (95% CI [1.63, 2.78], p < 1 x 10(-7)), and 2.34
      (95% CI [1.67, 3.28], p < 1 x 10(-6)) when comparing > or =4 D to > or =2 to <4
      D. Odds ratios for spherical equivalent anisometropia were also highly
      statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Children with higher magnitudes of
      anisometropia had higher prevalence and greater depth of amblyopia. Older
      children had an increased risk of amblyopia compared with younger children for
      moderate levels of anisometropia. Low magnitude anisometropia in young children
      may not predispose to amblyopia; these findings have implications for vision
      screening criteria at various ages.

PMID- 18155939
TI  - Postoperative povidone-iodine prophylaxis in strabismus surgery.
AB  - PURPOSE: While antibiotic/steroid combinations are routinely administered during
      the first week after strabismus surgery, they can be costly and inconvenient and
      may be unnecessary. This study compares the use of single-dose 5% povidone-iodine
      drops versus a week-long course of antibiotic/steroid as a prophylaxis against
      postoperative infection in extraocular muscle surgery. METHODS: Retrospective
      chart review was performed of 1871 patients undergoing routine strabismus
      surgery. Patients received either a single application of 5% povidone-iodine
      solution to the operative eye(s) at the conclusion of the surgical procedure or a
      week-long course of topical antibiotic/steroid. Postoperative records were then
      reviewed to identify abnormalities or complications occurring during the first 2
      months after surgery. RESULTS: Complete documentation was found for 1603
      patients. Single-dose povidone-iodine prophylaxis was used in 953 cases (59.5%),
      and a postoperative course of topical antibiotic/steroid combination was used in
      650 cases (40.5%). Of the 1603 cases, possible infection occurred in 46 patients
      (2.87%). Of the 46 possible infections, 20 (3.08%) occurred in 650 patients on an
      antibiotic/steroid combination and 26 (2.83%) occurred in the 953 patients
      treated with single-dose povidone-iodine prophylaxis. This difference was not
      statistically significant (p = 0.6815). No cases of orbital cellulitis or
      endophthalmitis occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose povidone
      iodine is an inexpensive alternative to postoperative antibiotic/steroid
      prophylaxis following routine strabismus surgery performed through a fornix
      incision. Patients who had reoperations and limbal incisions were more likely to
      have complicated postoperative courses: antibiotic/steroid use in these groups
      may be beneficial.

PMID- 18155940
TI  - Amblyopia beyond acuity.

PMID- 18155941
TI  - A comparison of photorefraction and retinoscopy in children.

PMID- 18155942
TI  - Optical iridectomy in children with corneal opacities.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Optical iridectomy creates a clear entrance pupil, improving vision
      in patients with segmental corneal opacities. An area of clear peripheral cornea
      can produce retinal images compatible with good visual acuity. MATERIALS AND
      METHODS: The records of 22 children who underwent optical iridectomy from January
      2002 to June 2004 were reviewed retrospectively. The optical iridectomy site was
      selected after slit-lamp examination. Visual acuity was assessed pre- and
      postoperatively by an age-appropriate method. RESULTS: Twenty-two children with
      central corneal opacities underwent the procedure. Mean age was 10.4 +/- 12.6
      months (range, 8-24 months). Mean follow-up period was 22.2 +/- 56.2 months
      (range, 8-140 months). No intraoperative or postoperative complications were
      observed. Visual acuity improved to near normal in 4 children (18.2%). However, 4
      children (18.2%) did not show any improvement, and 1 child lost vision. Two
      patients (9.1%) showed no improvement in vision despite maintaining a clear line
      of sight. CONCLUSIONS: Optical iridectomy is an alternative when penetrating
      keratoplasty cannot or should not be performed.

PMID- 18155943
TI  - Normative pediatric visual acuity using single surrounded HOTV optotypes on the
      Electronic Visual Acuity Tester following the Amblyopia Treatment Study protocol.
AB  - PURPOSE: To provide normative pediatric visual acuity data using HOTV optotypes
      presented on the Electronic Visual Acuity Tester following the Amblyopia
      Treatment Study (ATS) protocol. METHODS: Monocular testing was conducted on 384
      healthy full-term children ranging from 3 to 10 years of age (mean, 5.4 years;
      SD, 1.8 years). A total of 373 children completed monocular testing of each eye.
      In addition, 23 adults (mean, 28.7 years; SD, 4.9 years) were tested for
      comparison. Both monocular visual acuity and interocular acuity differences were
      recorded. RESULTS: Mean visual acuity improved by slightly more than one line
      (0.12 logMAR) from 3 years of age to adulthood, increasing from 0.08 logMAR to 
      0.04 logMAR (F(6,400) = 26.3, p < 2.0 x 10(-26)). At all ages, mean interocular
      acuity difference was less than one line on a standard acuity chart (overall mean
      difference = 0.04 logMAR; SD, 0.06 logMAR). CONCLUSIONS: These results represent
      the first normative data reported for HOTV optotypes using the ATS protocol on
      the Electronic Visual Acuity Tester. These data may play an important role in
      clinical practice, screening, and clinical research.

PMID- 18155944
TI  - Neuro-ophthalmologic findings in patients with rhombencephalosynapsis.
AB  - Rhombencephalosynapsis is a rare, sporadic, posterior fossa malformation
      characterized by agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, dorsal fusion of the
      cerebellar hemispheres, and fusion of the dentate nuclei and superior cerebellar
      peduncles. Ophthalmologic findings in patients with rhombencephalosynapsis have
      not been described in detail. Optic nerve and chiasmal hypoplasia were reported
      in two patients. Strabismus has been noted in several patients; however, specific
      details were not provided. We describe the association of A-pattern strabismus
      and superior oblique overaction with rhombencephalosynapsis.

PMID- 18155945
TI  - Persistence of eye movement following disinsertion of extraocular muscle.
AB  - BACKGROUND: It is widely assumed that the insertion of the extraocular muscle is
      the sole site of force translation from muscle to eye. Our aim was to test this
      assumption by examining ocular motility after disinsertion of the extraocular
      muscle. METHODS: Forty-two adults (age, 20-45 years; median age, 26 years)
      underwent strabismus surgery. All surgeries were completed under topical
      anesthesia with lidocaine 2% jelly or peribulbar sensorimotor differential
      blocking anesthesia with ropivacaine 0.2%. Sixty-six rectus muscles and six
      oblique muscles were suture-locked and disinserted. After disinsertion of each
      muscle, the patient was asked to move the eye in the field of action of the
      muscle; eye movement was recorded as normal, reduced, or absent. RESULTS: For 50
      rectus muscles (76%), eye movement was normal after disinsertion, while for 14
      rectus muscles (21%), eye movement was reduced after disinsertion. For only two
      rectus muscles (3%), eye movement was absent after disinsertion. For all six
      oblique muscles (100%), eye movement was normal after disinsertion. CONCLUSIONS:
      The unexpected, strong persistence of eye movement in the direction of action of
      the disinserted muscle indicates that anatomic insertion not only occurs at the
      point at which the muscle blends into the sclera but also involves the
      surrounding connective tissue. Orbital connective tissue can be considered an
      additional and important locomotor system.

PMID- 18155947
TI  - Effect of acclimation temperature on routine metabolic rate in triploid
      salmonids.
AB  - The objective of this research was to determine whether triploid fish differ from
      diploids in their routine metabolic rates across a range of acclimation
      temperatures. Sibling diploids and triploids were acclimated to 12, 15 and 18
      degrees C (Atlantic salmon; Salmo salar) and to 9, 12 and 15 degrees C (brook
      charr; Salvelinus fontinalis) prior to experimentation. Routine metabolic rates
      were then determined three times over a two-month period. Triploids of both
      species had higher metabolic rates than diploids at lower temperatures, and lower
      metabolic rates than diploids at higher temperatures, demonstrating that
      triploids have different (i.e., lower) thermal optima than diploids. This likely
      explains prior observations of high mortality of triploids at chronically
      elevated, but sub-lethal, rearing temperatures for sibling diploids.

PMID- 18155948
TI  - Purification and properties of major midgut leucyl aminopeptidase of Morimus
      funereus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) larvae.
AB  - The major leucyl aminopeptidase (LAP) from the midgut of Morimus funereus larvae
      was purified and characterised. Specific LAP activity was increased 292-fold by
      purification of the crude midgut extract. The purified enzyme had a pH optimum of
      7.5 (optimum pH range 7.0-8.5) and preferentially hydrolysed p-nitroanilides
      containing hydrophobic amino acids in the active site, with the highest
      V(max)/K(M) ratio for leucine-p-nitroanilide (LpNA). Among a number of inhibitors
      tested, the most efficient were 1,10-phenanthroline having a K(i) value of 0.12
      mM and cysteine with K(i) value of 0.31 mM, while EGTA stimulated LAP activity.
      Zn(2+), Mg(2+) and Mn(2+) all showed bi-modal effects on LAP activity (activated
      at low concentrations and inhibited at high concentrations). The purified LAP
      (after gel filtration on Superose 6 column) had molecular mass of 400 kDa with an
      isoelectric point of 6.2. Sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed one band of 67 kDa, suggesting that the
      enzyme is a hexamer. Six peptide sequences from protein band were obtained using
      ESI/MS-MS analysis. Comparison of the obtained peptide sequences with the EMBL
      EBI sequence analysis toolbox and the BLASTP database showed a high degree of
      identity with other insect aminopeptidases.

PMID- 18155949
TI  - Engineering the Saccharomyces cerevisiae isoprenoid pathway for de novo
      production of aromatic monoterpenes in wine.
AB  - Grape musts contain a variety of terpenols that significantly affect wine aroma.
      The amounts of these metabolites depend on the grape variety, and many cultivars
      are non-aromatic. Yeasts like Saccharomyces cerevisiae cannot produce and excrete
      monoterpenes efficiently, mainly due to their lack of monoterpene synthases. By
      metabolic engineering we have modified the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway in a
      wine yeast strain of S. cerevisiae expressing the Clarkia breweri S-linalool
      synthase gene. Under microvinification conditions, without compromising other
      desirable and useful fermentative traits, the recombinant yeast efficiently
      excreted linalool to levels exceeding the threshold of human perception. Bearing
      in mind the possibility of (co-)expressing other genes that encode enzymes
      leading to the production of various aroma compounds and the feasibility of
      controlling the levels of their expression, the potential of this achievement for
      future genetic manipulation of wine varietal aroma or for use in other alcoholic
      drinks seems very promising.

PMID- 18155950
TI  - Detection of virulent feline herpesvirus-1 in the corneas of clinically normal
      cats.
AB  - To evaluate the clinically normal feline cornea for the presence of virulent
      feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), corneas from 31 cats (25 with normal eyes and six
      with active disease or corneal scarring) euthanased at a shelter were collected.
      Corneas from two specific pathogen-free cats were included as negative controls.
      Virus isolation (VI), fluorescent antibody (FA) staining and real-time polymerase
      chain reaction (rt-PCR) were performed on all samples. The presence or absence of
      dexamethasone in the media was evaluated for its effect on VI. VI was positive
      for FHV-1 in six corneas from five cats, all with clinically normal eyes. One
      cornea was positive for feline calicivirus (FCV) in addition to FHV-1, but only
      in media that included dexamethasone. Eight corneas were positive on rt-PCR for
      FHV-1, all from cats with clinically normal eyes. All positive VI samples were
      confirmed with FA staining. VI and rt-PCR were negative for FHV-1 and FCV in cats
      with active disease or corneal scarring. Data from this study indicate that
      virulent FHV-1 and FCV can be present in feline corneas that are clinically
      normal. Dexamethasone may enhance viral spread through a cell receptor mechanism.

PMID- 18155951
TI  - Requirement of hydrogen peroxide and Sp1 in the stimulation of Na,K-ATPase by low
      potassium in MDCK epithelial cells.
AB  - We have previously implicated reactive oxygen species oxygen (ROS) as a critical
      signal transducer in the upregulation of Na,K-ATPase by low K+ in MDCK cells, but
      how ROS mediate this process has not been well defined. We reported here that
      both of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2*(-)) were rapidly
      produced at the early stage of low K+-treated MDCK cells. Further analysis
      revealed that NADP/NADPH oxidase-derived H2O2 was specifically involved in low K+
      induced Na,K-ATPase alpha1 gene transcription as well as alpha1 and beta1
      subunits expressions. Exogenous H2O2 even mimicked the stimulatory effect of low
      K+ on Na,K-ATPase alpha1 gene transcription. Low K+ triggered a H2O2-dependent
      ERK1/2 phosphorylation in MDCK cells, nonetheless, this ERK1/2 activation did not
      finally lead to the upregulation of Na,K-ATPase. Similar to previous findings
      that Na,K-ATPase beta1 gene transcription was mediated by Sp1, Na,K-ATPase alpha1
      gene transcription in low K+-treated MDCK cells was also closely relevant to Sp1
      participation, as confirmed by siRNA as well as PCR mutagenesis technologies.
      Furthermore, Sp1 activation was dependent on H2O2 generation triggered by low K+.
      Taken together, the data described in this study outlines an essential role of
      H2O2 and Sp1 in mediating the upregulation of Na,K-ATPase in MDCK cells by low
      external K+.

PMID- 18155952
TI  - Dendritic cells and innate defense against tumor cells.
AB  - Tumor growth results from a delicate balance between intrinsic dysregulation of
      oncogenes, tumor suppressor and stability genes counteracted by extrinsic
      defenses composed of immune cells shaping tumor immunogenicity. Although immune
      subversion might be the ultimate outcome of this process, a complex network of
      cellular interactions take place eventually leading to tumor specific cognate
      immune responses. The links between innate and cognate antitumor immunity
      eliciting protective T cell responses are instigated by cytokines, chemokines and
      damage associated molecular patterns. The intricate differentiation pathway
      whereby dendritic cells could undergo an efficient maturation program in the
      tumor microenvironment appears crucial. We will discuss the role of innate
      effectors and cancer therapies in the process of defense against tumor cells.

PMID- 18155953
TI  - High susceptibility of neonatal mice to molecular, biochemical and cytogenetic
      alterations induced by environmental cigarette smoke and light.
AB  - Our recent studies have shown that both cigarette smoke and UV-containing light,
      which are the most widespread and ubiquitous mutagens and carcinogens in the
      world, cause systemic genotoxic damage in hairless mice. Further studies were
      designed with the aim of evaluating the induction of genotoxic and carcinogenic
      effects in Swiss albino mice exposed to smoke and/or light since birth. We
      observed that a 4-month whole-body exposure of mice to mainstream cigarette
      smoke, starting at birth, caused an early and potent carcinogenic response in the
      lung and other organs. Our further experiments showed that exposure of mice to
      environmental cigarette smoke, during the first 5 weeks of life, resulted in a
      variety of significant alterations of intermediate biomarkers, including
      cytogenetic damage in bone marrow and peripheral blood, formation of lipid
      peroxidation products, increase of bulky DNA adduct levels, induction of
      oxidative DNA damage, and overexpression of OGG1 gene in lung, stimulation of
      apoptosis, hyperproliferation and loss of Fhit protein in pulmonary alveolar
      macrophages and/or bronchial epithelial cells, and early histopathological
      alterations in the respiratory tract. Moreover, exposure of mice to UV-containing
      light, mimicking solar irradiation, significantly enhanced oxidative DNA damage
      and bulky DNA adduct levels in lung, and synergized with smoke in inducing
      molecular alterations in the respiratory tract. The baseline OGG1 expression in
      lung was particularly high at birth and decreased in post-weanling mice.
      Oxidative DNA damage and other investigated end-points exhibited differential
      patterns in post-weanling mice and adult mice. The findings of these studies
      provide a mechanistic clue to the general concept that the neonatal period and
      early stages of life are critical in affecting susceptibility to carcinogens.

PMID- 18155954
TI  - Genomic damage in children accidentally exposed to ionizing radiation: a review
      of the literature.
AB  - During the last decade, our knowledge of the mechanisms by which children respond
      to exposures to physical and chemical agents present in the environment, has
      significantly increased. Results of recent projects and programmes focused on
      children's health underline a specific vulnerability of children to environmental
      genotoxicants. Environmental research on children predominantly investigates the
      health effects of air pollution while effects from radiation exposure deserve
      more attention. The main sources of knowledge on genome damage of children
      exposed to radiation are studies performed after the Chernobyl nuclear plant
      accident in 1986. The present review presents and discusses data collected from
      papers analyzing genome damage in children environmentally exposed to ionizing
      radiation. Overall, the evidence from the studies conducted following the
      Chernobyl accident, nuclear tests, environmental radiation pollution and indoor
      accidental contamination reveals consistently increased chromosome aberration and
      micronuclei frequency in exposed than in referent children. Future research in
      this area should be focused on studies providing information on: (a) effects on
      children caused by low doses of radiation; (b) effects on children from combined
      exposure to low doses of radiation and chemical agents from food, water and air;
      and (c) specific effects from exposure during early childhood (radioisotopes from
      water, radon in homes). Special consideration should also be given to a possible
      impact of a radiochemical environment to the development of an adaptive response
      for genomic damage. Interactive databases should be developed to provide
      integration of cytogenetic data, childhood cancer registry data and information
      on environmental contamination. The overall aim is to introduce timely and
      efficient preventive measures, by means of a better knowledge of the early and
      delayed health effects in children resulting from radiation exposure.

PMID- 18155955
TI  - Lack of genotoxic effects in hematopoietic and gastrointestinal cells of mice
      receiving chromium(VI) with the drinking water.
AB  - Chromium(VI) is genotoxic when tested in vitro or injected parenterally in such a
      way to escape detoxification mechanisms. However, its genotoxicity and potential
      carcinogenicity are lost, depending on dose and administration route, due to
      efficient reduction in body fluids and nontarget cells. Chromium(VI) is a Group 1
      IARC carcinogen, but only in the respiratory tract and in well-defined
      occupational settings that involved heavy exposures. Recently, concern has been
      expressed that oral chromium(VI) may be a gastric carcinogen. We demonstrated
      that administration of very high doses of chromium(VI) with the drinking water
      does not induce any clastogenic effect in hematopoietic cells of adult mice and
      their fetuses. Thereafter, we investigated whether administration of chromium(VI)
      with the drinking water may induce local genotoxic effects in the
      gastrointestinal tract. Sodium dichromate dihydrate was administered to mice for
      9 consecutive months, at doses corresponding to 5 and 20 mg chromium(VI)/l, which
      exceed drinking water standards by 100 and 400 times, respectively. Under these
      conditions, chromium(VI) failed to enhance the frequency of DNA-protein
      crosslinks and did not cause oxidative DNA damage, measured in terms of 8-oxo-2'
      deoxyguanosine, in the forestomach, glandular stomach and duodenum. When cells
      from the same organs were isolated and challenged in vitro with chromium(VI), as
      positive controls, the same genotoxicity biomarkers were evidently affected.
      Thus, consistently with the knowledge accumulated in 50 years of research on
      chromium(VI) kinetics and metabolism, oral chromium(VI) appears to be devoid of
      genotoxicity in the gastrointestinal tract. After 9 months, we did not observe
      any variation of tumor yield in skin, lung, forestomach, glandular stomach, and
      duodenum of chromium(VI)-treated mice. These results are discussed in the light
      of literature data, also including a recent 2-year carcinogenicity study
      performed by the National Toxicology Program.

PMID- 18155956
TI  - Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of gold nanoparticles.
AB  - Photoluminescent nanoparticles of gold with size 3, 4, 6, and 9 nm are prepared
      by borohydride/citrate reduction in presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/tannic
      acid. The prepared nanomaterials are characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and
      dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. Intense photoluminescence (PL) is
      observed in nanoparticles prepared by fast reduction with borohydride in presence
      of PEG. A red shift of PL emission from 408 to 456 nm is observed for the change
      of size from 4 to 6 nm. Increase in PL intensity is observed for all the
      nanoparticles on the addition of KCl. Citrate reduced gold colloid which consists
      of large particles of size approximately 35 nm with anisotropic shapes showing
      two plasmon peaks is also prepared. The anisotropy is confirmed by TEM
      measurement. SERS activity of this colloid is tested using glutamic acid as an
      adsorbate probe. Assignment of the observed bands is given.

PMID- 18155958
TI  - Drinking water nitrate and prevalence of methemoglobinemia among infants and
      children aged 1-7 years in Moroccan areas.
AB  - CONTEXT: Nitrate is ubiquitous in environmental media (air, water and soil) and
      other sources (some medicines, inorganic fertilizers and household's chemicals).
      It is a hemoglobin-oxidizing agent that can cause methemoglobinemia. The effect
      of nitrate on infants is well known but less is known about nitrate-induced
      methemoglobinemia in young children. METHOD: Two cross-sectional studies were
      carried out in Sale, Morocco to determine the prevalence of methemoglobinemia
      among 411 infants and children aged 1-7 years in two adjacent areas that were
      similar in terms of the air quality, available vegetables and medicines but
      different in terms of the drinking water quality (nitrate-contaminated well water
      versus municipal water). RESULTS: In the exposed area, nitrate concentration was
      measured in 78 wells and ranged from 15.39 to 246.90mg/l as NO3-. Nitrate levels
      were higher than 50mg/l in 69.2% of the surveyed wells, and 64.2% of the
      participants were drinking nitrate contaminated well waters. The prevalence of
      methemoglobinemia among study children was 36.2% in the exposed area, and 27.4%
      in the non-exposed area. Study children drinking well water with a nitrate
      concentration >50mg/l were significantly more likely to have methemoglobinemia
      than those drinking well water with a nitrate concentration <50mg/l (p=0.001 at
      95% CI=[1.22-2.64]) or than those drinking municipal water (p<0.01 at 95%
      CI=[1.16-2.21]). In the exposed area, the mean methemoglobin (MetHb) level
      increased with age (R2= 0.79, p=0.04), whereas in the unexposed area, the mean
      MetHb level remained relatively stable in the first 6 years of life (R2=0.21,
      p=0.44). Mean MetHb was normal when the nitrate concentration in water was below
      50mg/l as NO3-, and reached an abnormal level, when the nitrate concentration in
      water ranged between 50 and 90mg/l as NO3-. This last level was statistically
      similar to mean MetHb at nitrate level above 90mg/l as NO3- (up to 246.9mg/l as
      NO3-). No association was observed between methemoglobinemia prevalence and
      gender. This is the first study about methemoglobinemia conducted in Morocco.

PMID- 18155959
TI  - Domestic allergens and endotoxin in three hospitals offering in-patient
      rehabilitation for allergic diseases in the alpine mountain climate of Bavaria -
      The AURA study.
AB  - Endotoxins and allergens represent the major relevant contents of the atmospheric
      bioaerosol with regard to the triggering and exacerbation of allergic diseases.
      In this study, mattress concentrations of endotoxin and indoor allergens were
      measured in three hospitals in the alpine climate of Bavaria and in adjacent
      homes. Dust was collected from each of 10 mattresses according to a standardized
      protocol, and endotoxin was analyzed with the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL)
      test, indoor allergens Der p 1, Der f 1 and Fel d 1 were analyzed by ELISAs. The
      concentration of endotoxin in the mattresses did not differ significantly between
      different cities. The percentiles of endotoxin were significantly higher in
      hospitals than in homes. The concentrations of mite allergens (Der p 1 and Der f
      1) in the dust were significantly lower in all hospitals than in homes. There was
      no significant difference of mite allergens between different time points. The
      concentrations of Fel d 1 were significantly higher in the autumn than in the
      summer (median: 1376 vs. 478ng/g). No significant differences of Fel d 1 were
      found between hospitals and homes or between different hospitals. As Fel d 1
      concentrations reached levels at which cat allergic patients can experience
      symptoms, efforts had to be made to reduce the concentrations of Fel d 1
      especially in hospitals. In contrast, mite allergens were low in hospitals, which
      can be clinically beneficial for patients with mite allergies.

PMID- 18155960
TI  - Particulate matter and carbon dioxide in classrooms - the impact of cleaning and
      ventilation.
AB  - The objective of the study was to measure the indoor air quality in classrooms
      with special emphasis on particulate matter (PM 10) and carbon dioxide (CO(2))
      and the impact of cleaning and ventilation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: PM 10 was
      analysed via gravimetric method and by laser beam technology. CO(2) was analysed
      by infrared sensors. Measurements were collected for 3 weeks; first week:
      "normal" cleaning (twice a week) and ventilation; second week: intensified
      cleaning (five times a week); third week: intensified cleaning and intensified
      ventilation. RESULTS: Levels of PM 10 in the classrooms during the 3 weeks were
      69+/-19microg/m(3) and they were dominated by occupancy and the persons'
      activity. Intensified cleaning showed a significant decrease in all classrooms
      (79+/-22 to 64+/-15microg/m(3)). The effect of ventilation on levels of PM10 was
      inconsistent - levels of CO(2) were very high in all schools and could be
      diminished by intensified ventilation (mean 1459 to 1051ppm). CONCLUSION:
      Although further investigation is needed to study detailed characteristics of the
      PM 10 (size distribution, chemical identity) the data are sufficient to improve
      the cleaning and the ventilation in schools.

PMID- 18155961
TI  - New reference value and the background exposure for the PAH metabolites 1
      hydroxypyrene and 1- and 2-naphthol in urine of the general population in
      Germany: basis for validation of human biomonitoring data in environmental
      medicine.
AB  - Reference values for environmental pollutants in the German population are
      established continuously by the Human Biomonitoring Commission of the German
      Federal Environment Agency. The reference value for 1-hydroxypyrene in urine was
      derived from the representative adult population data collection of the 1998
      German Environmental Survey (GerES III) and the representative data collection
      for children of the German Environmental Survey on Children, 2003/06 (GerES IV).
      For the non-smoking general population (aged 3-69 years) the commission derived a
      reference value of 0.5 microg/l (corresponding to 0.3 microg/g creatinine) for 1
      hydroxypyrene in urine. For 1- and 2-naphthol levels in urine the amount of data
      is small and not representative of the German population. Therefore, the
      commission recommends the following upper margins of background exposures for
      adult non-smokers: 1-naphthol less than 30 microg/l, 2-naphthol less than 20
      microg/l.

PMID- 18155962
TI  - Trends in organised sport membership: impact on sustainability.
AB  - Sporting clubs play a key role in community-level physical activity. This study
      investigated participation trends in sport club membership. A survey of 50 State
      sports governing bodies in Victoria, Australia collected information on factors
      affecting membership trends. The records for four of these sports were analysed
      for the 6 years, 1998-2003. Three sports reported increases in total membership
      (average annual rates (AARs): 0.3, 1.9 and 12.4%), and one reported a decrease
      (AAR: -1.0%). There was a decrease in both the absolute number (AARs: -1.1%, 
      2.3%, and -3.5%) and the proportion (AARs: -0.5%, -0.7%, -1.7% and -2.3%) of
      adult members. The number of junior club members increased slightly over the 6
      year period in two sports (AARs: 0.5% and 0.7%), increased substantially in one
      (AAR: 12.2%) and decreased in one (AAR: -6.7%). The number of members playing
      modified sports increased in two sports (AARs: 2.8% and 3.3%), increased
      substantially in one (AARs: 53.1%) and decreased in one (AAR: -16.3%). The
      introduction of modified sport for younger participants is relatively new,
      resulting in sports accessing a new market to maintain or increase their total
      membership. However, the influx of younger members was not matched by associated
      increases in adult members. This places increased pressure upon adult members to
      maintain the infrastructure to support younger members. The issues of decreased
      adult membership and increased junior membership need to be addressed in order to
      ensure that community sporting clubs can be sustained and fulfil their potential
      to act as a vehicle for public health initiatives.

PMID- 18155963
TI  - Double-blind randomized Phase I study comparing rdESAT-6 to tuberculin as skin
      test reagent in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection.
AB  - Limited specificity of the tuberculin skin test incited the development of in
      vitro assays based on Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens such as ESAT-6
      that are lacking in Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG). In animal studies,
      intradermal ESAT-6 was safe and induced specific skin test responses. The aim of
      the study was to assess the safety of intradermal recombinant dimer ESAT-6
      (rdESAT-6) compared with tuberculin and to determine the human dose. The study
      design was a double-blind Phase I study with intra-subject randomization to the
      left and right forearm, comparing 2 Tuberculin Units (TU) intradermal tuberculin
      (RT23) with 0.01, 0.1, 1 or 10 microg rdESAT-6 in groups of five healthy controls
      or treated tuberculosis (TB) patients. The risk of sensitization after skin
      testing was assessed in healthy volunteers. All doses were tolerated well by
      healthy volunteers and responses to rdESAT-6 were limited to transient redness
      after 24 h only at the highest dose. No sensitization was observed. Because 1
      microg rdESAT-6 induced large responses with local side effects in some TB
      patients, the 10 microg dose of rdESAT-6 was not tested. Mean responses to 0.01,
      0.1 and 1 microg rdESAT-6 measured 14.0, 19.8 and 38.8 mm of redness,
      respectively, and 7.0, 13.4 and 14.6 mm of induration. The response to tuberculin
      was similar to the responses to 0.1 microg rdESAT-6. Mild local side effects due
      to tuberculin and rdESAT-6 were observed in 8/15, respectively, 6/15 patients,
      more pronounced at the highest rdESAT-6 dose. In conclusion, this pilot Phase I
      study of safety, feasibility and dose finding of intradermal rdESAT-6 provides
      proof of principle of a specific skin test for human use. No serious adverse
      events were observed but the study was not sufficiently powered to demonstrate
      complete safety. Intradermal rdESAT-6 did not seem to sensitize healthy
      volunteers. In treated TB patients, responses to rdESAT-6 were optimal at 0.1
      microg. Further studies are needed to evaluate sensitization after repeated doses
      and to study the effect of additional CFP-10 on the sensitivity of a TB-specific
      skin test.

PMID- 18155965
TI  - The effects of cognitive rehabilitation on memory outcome after temporal lobe
      epilepsy surgery.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Epilepsy surgery is a valuable treatment option for patients with
      pharmacoresistant epilepsy, but seizure freedom is often achieved at the cost of
      cognitive impairments caused by surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate
      the short-term effects of cognitive rehabilitation on memory outcome after
      temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. METHODS: Two groups of patients who underwent
      temporal lobe resection, one followed (n=55) and one not followed (n=57) by
      postoperative rehabilitation, were evaluated with respect to memory and attention
      before and 3 months after temporal lobe surgery. The groups came from different
      epilepsy centers, but were largely matched with respect to age, sex, type of
      surgery, and seizure outcome. RESULTS: After surgery, 78% of the patients were
      seizure-free. Repeated-measures MANOVA revealed a significant "side x surgery"
      effect on verbal recognition and a "rehabilitation x surgery" effect on verbal
      learning and recognition. There were no effects for loss in verbal delayed recall
      or figural memory. Detailed analyses indicated gains as a result of
      rehabilitation, particularly after right temporal lobe surgery. Attention
      generally improved. The risk of manifesting losses in verbal memory was about
      four times higher without than with rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: Rehabilitation
      can counteract the verbal memory decline that is normally seen after temporal
      lobe resection. Its positive effects were evident particularly with respect to
      the more cortically associated aspects of verbal learning rather than to the
      mesial aspects of long-term consolidation/retrieval. Figural memory was not
      affected at all, and attention improved independent of rehabilitation.
      Interestingly, left temporal lobe-resected patients, who were most in need of an
      efficacious rehabilitation, profited less than right temporal lobe-resected
      patients, indicating that left-sided surgery may reduce the capacity needed for
      efficient training of verbal memory. Thus, rehabilitation has a positive effect
      on memory outcome, but its usefulness for risk groups and the question of whether
      training should be performed after or possibly before surgery are debatable.
      Further research should also address different interventions, longer-term
      outcome, and the carryover effects on everyday functioning.

PMID- 18155964
TI  - Long-term tolerance to allogeneic thymus transplants in complete DiGeorge
      anomaly.
AB  - Thymus transplantation in subjects with complete DiGeorge anomaly using postnatal
      allogeneic HLA-nonmatched cultured thymus tissue provides immunoreconstitution.
      Tolerance of the newly developed T cells toward the donor thymus has not
      previously been studied. Mixed lymphocyte cultures were used to test 12 thymus
      transplant recipients for long-term tolerance toward their thymus allografts. Two
      subjects tested for responses toward thymus donor peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells showed significantly less reactivity toward the donors compared to
      responses against third-party allogeneic cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells from 10 other subjects were less responsive toward cryopreserved donor
      thymic cells than toward allogeneic cells (P=0.00007). Adult control peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells proliferated strongly in response to the donor thymic
      cells. Both the subjects and controls showed similar proliferative responses
      against allogeneic cells and phytohemagglutinin. This study provides in vitro
      evidence for long-term tolerance of complete DiGeorge anomaly thymus
      transplantation recipients toward their HLA-nonmatched thymus grafts.

PMID- 18155967
TI  - The effects of UV radiation on anodic wave of human serum.
AB  - Polarographic anodic oxidation wave that can be correlated to total antioxidant
      capacity (TAC) in Human serum corresponds to 2H+ and 2e process. The limiting
      current of the wave, which is proportional to TAC, is strongly influenced by UV
      light intensity and irradiation time. A mechanism has been proposed to explain
      the effects of UV on anodic wave related to antioxidant behavior. Results show
      that decomposition processes follow to the excitation a transitory product at
      three different light intensities at 340 nm. The number of decomposition products
      increase with increasing light intensity. The rate of oxygen radical capture
      ability of the serum antioxidants might be estimated by comparing the changes of
      anodic wave in the absence and presence of naturally dissolved oxygen.

PMID- 18155966
TI  - Clinical trials attitudes and practices of Latino physicians.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Ethnic differences in physicians' attitudes and behaviors related to
      clinical trials might partially account for disparities in clinical trial
      participation among Latino patients. Literature regarding Latino physicians'
      clinical trials attitudes and practices, in comparison to White physicians, was
      lacking. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from randomly selected physicians (N=695),
      stratified by ethnicity, were analyzed to test associations of ethnicity with
      physicians' participation in and attitudes toward referral of patients to
      clinical trials. RESULTS: Chi-square analyses showed significant (p<0.05)
      associations of physician race/ethnicity and clinical trials involvement, type of
      trial for which the physician is likely to recommend a patient, belief in
      scientific value, and factors that would influence recommendation for a patient
      to participate. Multivariate analyses resulted in several significant (p<0.05)
      predictors of clinical trials outcomes, including physician race/ethnicity.
      CONCLUSIONS: Latino physicians were significantly less involved in clinical
      trials than White physicians and found less scientific value in them,
      highlighting areas for future education and intervention.

PMID- 18155968
TI  - Electropolymerization of negatively charged Ni(II) complex for the selective
      determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid.
AB  - Electrodes for the dopamine (DA) determination in biological samples have been
      developed with improved selectivity and sensitivity in an excess of ascorbic acid
      (AA). Negatively charged Ni(II) complex was synthesized and electropolymerized on
      the glassy carbon electrode to impart the surface with anionic characteristics
      that could act both as a catalyst and as a discriminating layer against AA based
      on the electrostatic interaction. Thus prepared electrodes enabled selective
      determination of DA even in a large excess of AA by differential pulse
      voltammetry at physiological pH. Linear response was found down to 1.0 x 10(-7) M
      with 5.0 x 10(-9) M of LOD (Limit of Detection). In a flow injection analysis
      performed in an amperometric mode, the detection limit was lowered by two orders
      of magnitude down to 1.0 x 10(-9) M with a linear range of 1.0 x 10(-9) to 1.0 x
      10(-6) M. The relative standard deviation was found to be 3.36% from 25
      independent measurements for 1.0 x 10(-5) M of DA. Stable oxidation current of DA
      was observed even after 30 days storage in air. The recoveries of DA in the 100
      fold diluted human urine samples were 97.7% for 4 measurements. The rate constant
      for the DA oxidation was 1.3 x 10(-3) cm s(-1) from hydrodynamic experiments
      using a rotating disk electrode.

PMID- 18155969
TI  - Synthesis and characterization of new electroactive polypyrrole-chondroitin
      sulphate A substrates.
AB  - Novel composite polypyrrole/chondroitin-4-sulphate films with cation-exchange
      properties were synthesized by the electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole in
      the presence of chondroitin-4-sulphate (CSA) sodium salt, acting as dopant anion
      at neutral pH. The negatively charged biomolecule was found to be permanently
      entrapped in the polypyrrole (PPy) membrane which resulted, as expected,
      facilitated in the mass transport by mobile cationic counterions. The porous
      nature of the substrates was identified as the most influential factor
      controlling the morphology. The morphology, in turn, affects the interaction
      between the material surface and the tissues on a cellular level. In this work in
      vitro analyses of human fibroblast response to polypyrrole/chondroitin-4-sulphate
      films were performed to focus on the different steps of cell reactions towards
      defined surface properties.

PMID- 18155970
TI  - Repair of radiation induced DNA double strand breaks by backup NHEJ is enhanced
      in G2.
AB  - In higher eukaryotes DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired by homologous
      recombination (HRR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). In addition to the DNA
      PK dependent pathway of NHEJ (D-NHEJ), cells employ a backup pathway (B-NHEJ)
      utilizing Ligase III and PARP-1. The cell cycle dependence and coordination of
      these pathways is being actively investigated. We examine DSB repair in
      unperturbed G1 and G2 phase cells using mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) mutants
      defective in D-NHEJ and/or HRR. WT and Rad54(-/-) MEFs repair DSBs with similar
      efficiency in G1 and G2 phase. LIG4(-/-), DNA-PKcs(-/-), and Ku70(-/-) MEFs show
      more pronounced repair defects in G1 than in G2. LIG4(-/-)/Rad54(-/-) MEFs repair
      DSBs as efficiently as LIG4(-/-) MEFs suggesting that the increased repair
      efficiency in G2 relies on enhanced function of B-NHEJ rather than HRR. In vivo
      and in vitro plasmid end joining assays confirm an enhanced function of B-NHEJ in
      G2. The results show a new and potentially important cell cycle regulation of B
      NHEJ and generate a framework to investigate the mechanistic basis of HRR
      contribution to DSB repair.

PMID- 18155972
TI  - Simultaneous enantioselective quantification of methadone and of 2-ethylidene-1,5
      dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl-pyrrolidine in oral fluid using capillary electrophoresis.
AB  - A capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the enantioselective
      quantification of methadone (MTD) and its main metabolite, 2-ethylidene-1,5
      dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl-pyrrolidine (EDDP). The enantiomers of MTD and EDDP were
      resolved by CE in 5min using 0.2% highly sulphated gamma-cyclodextrins as chiral
      selectors and a 50mM phosphate solution at pH 4.5 as background electrolyte. The
      optimized method was applied and validated for oral fluid testing. Linear
      relationships were obtained for MTD enantiomers in the range of 8.1-625ng/mL and
      in the range of 7.6-500ng/mL for EDDP enantiomers. The detection limits ranged
      from 2.3 to 2.4ng/mL, whereas the limits of quantification ranged from 7.6 to
      8.1ng/mL. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy were acceptable,
      respectively. The method was applied to the analyses of 60 oral fluid specimens
      obtained from patients enrolled in a MTD maintenance programme. Our data pointed
      out that higher concentrations of (R)-MTD and the enantioselective excess of (S)
      EDDP in OF may reflect the free fraction of MTD and EDDP enantiomers in plasma.

PMID- 18155974
TI  - HPLC fingerprinting and LC-TOF-MS analysis of the extract of Pseudostellaria
      heterophylla (Miq.) Pax root.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) was developed for fingerprint
      analysis of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax. Liquid chromatography
      electrospray ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) technique
      was first employed to identify the components of the fingerprint. Twelve major
      peaks in chromatographic fingerprint were analyzed by on-line LC-TOF-MS analysis;
      one cyclic peptide was unequivocally identified and five cyclic peptides were
      tentatively assigned based on their MS data. These cyclic peptides served as the
      marker peaks in the HPLC fingerprints. The chromatographic fingerprints have been
      analyzed by similarity index calculations and hierarchical clustering analysis
      (HCA). The result showed that the HPLC fingerprints could be used to determine
      the optimal harvest time for P. heterophylla (Miq.) Pax and to authenticate the
      species of the herb.

PMID- 18155973
TI  - Quantitative determination of cyclic phosphatidic acid in human serum by
      LC/ESI/MS/MS.
AB  - An LC/ESI/MS/MS method for cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) quantification in serum
      is established in the present report. The limit of quantitation of the assay
      reaches low nanomolar level in human serum and the CV% are within 10%. Using this
      method, we successfully quantify the levels of two cPA species, 16:0 and 18:1, in
      human serum. We find that the concentrations of 16:0 cPA in the serum of normal
      subjects and post-surgery ovarian cancer patients are significantly higher than
      its corresponding concentration in pre-surgery ovarian cancer patients,
      supporting the observation that cPA has anti-cancer activity. Another discovery
      is that the addition of strong acids (such as hydrochloric acid) in human serum
      may lead to the production of artificial cPA. Therefore, strong acids should be
      avoided in the extraction of cPA present in a complex matrix. Based on this
      observation, a new lipid extraction method was developed and used to extract cPA.
      The extraction recovery is close to 80%, guaranteeing an accurate quantification
      of cPA by LC/ESI/MS/MS can be performed.

PMID- 18155975
TI  - Development of a liquid chromatography/negative-ion electrospray tandem mass
      spectrometry assay for the determination of cilnidipine in human plasma and its
      application to a bioequivalence study.
AB  - A simple method using a one-step liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with methyl-t
      butyl ether (MTBE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with
      negative-ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (ESI-MS/MS)
      detection was developed for the determination of cilnidipine in human plasma
      using benidipine as an internal standard (IS). Acquisition was performed in
      multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, by monitoring the transitions: m/z
      491.1>121.8 for cilnidipine and m/z 504.2>122.1 for IS, respectively. Analytes
      were chromatographed on a CN column by isocratic elution using 10mM ammonium
      acetate buffer-methanol (30:70, v/v; adjusted with acetic acid to pH 5.0).
      Results were linear (r2=0.99998) over the studied range (0.1-20ng/ml) with a
      total LC-MS/MS analysis time per run of 3min. The developed method was validated
      and successfully applied to a cilnidipine bioequivalence study in 24 healthy male
      volunteers.

PMID- 18155976
TI  - The politics of midwifery education and training in New South Wales during the
      last decades of the 19th Century.
AB  - This paper focuses on the introduction and development of midwifery education and
      training in Sydney during the last decades of the 19th century. The aim of the
      training, it is argued, was to displace the lay midwives by trained midwifery
      nurses who would work under medical control. The lay midwives were one of the
      largest occupational groups among women and two-thirds of births in NSW were
      being delivered by them in the late 19th century. It was a period of
      professionalisation of medicine and medical men laid claim to midwifery as a
      legitimate sphere of their practice and saw it as the gateway for establishing a
      family practice. The lay midwife stood in the way of their claim. The training
      programs were established purportedly to control maternal mortality. From the
      beginning in 1887 medical men were in control of midwifery nurse training. In
      addition to training at the Benevolent Society Asylum, three more women's
      hospitals were established in the 1890s in Sydney making it possible to train a
      stream of midwifery nurses. The midwifery nurses were charged exorbitant fees for
      their training; the fees contributed substantially towards running the new
      hospitals that delivered birth services to the poor and destitute women mostly in
      their homes. The midwifery nurses worked hard in miserable conditions under the
      guise of clinical experience required for training. When a critical mass of
      poorly trained midwifery nurses were in the offing, a Bill was introduced into
      the Parliament in 1895, restricting registration to midwifery nurses and this
      would have eliminated the lay midwife if passed. It took more than two decades to
      get a Registration Bill passed in the NSW Parliament.

PMID- 18155978
TI  - Access, achievement, autonomy: the future of dietetics education.

PMID- 18155979
TI  - Drawing attention to your web site.

PMID- 18155980
TI  - Getting started in private practice: a checklist to your entrepreneurial path.

PMID- 18155981
TI  - Obesity PSAs: are they working as a public service?

PMID- 18155982
TI  - When ethics collide: an independent dietetic consultant's perspective on
      balancing professional ethics with the wishes of your clients.

PMID- 18155983
TI  - Health care reform: an interview with Congressman Xavier Becerra. Interview by
      Jennifer Teters.

PMID- 18155984
TI  - Limitations in study of sugar-sweetened beverages.

PMID- 18155985
TI  - Heart health and diet.

PMID- 18155987
TI  - Ethical and legal issues in nutritional genomics.
AB  - Advances in the ability to study how common variations in genes affect the
      metabolism of drugs and foods suggest that genetic information about individuals
      is of increasing relevance to clinical practitioners, including registered
      dietitians. The acquisition, storage, and use of genetic information in nutrition
      counseling will pose difficult ethical and legal questions involving the
      maintenance of confidentiality, the right to privacy, and the risks of
      discrimination in decisions about insurance coverage and employment. In addition,
      genetic analysis of children poses new questions about the limits of parental
      authority. Although the field of nutritional genomics is in its infancy, it is
      appropriate for registered dietitians to begin now to fashion a code of conduct
      about the proper use of genetic information. Relevant legal topics, such as
      federal and state legislation and judicial decisions, are discussed.

PMID- 18155988
TI  - Reducing the energy density of an entree decreases children's energy intake at
      lunch.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Strategies need to be developed to reduce preschool children's energy
      intake. OBJECTIVE: To test the effect of reducing the energy density of an entree
      on children's ad libitum energy intake. SUBJECTS: Subjects were 2- to 5-year-old
      children (37 boys and 40 girls) in a university day-care facility. INTERVENTION:
      In this within-subjects crossover study, children were served a test lunch once
      per week for 6 weeks. Two versions of a macaroni and cheese entree were
      formulated to differ in energy density while maintaining similar palatability.
      Each version was served to children three times. The higher-energy-density entree
      had 2.0 kcal/g and the other entree was 30% lower in energy density. Lunch,
      consumed ad libitum, also included broccoli, applesauce, and milk. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: Food intake and energy intake were measured. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: A
      mixed linear model tested effect of energy density of the entree on food intake
      and energy intake. Results are reported as mean+/-standard error. RESULTS:
      Decreasing the energy density of the entree by 30% significantly (P<0.0001)
      reduced children's energy intake from the entree by 25% (72.3+/-8.3 kcal) and
      total lunch energy intake by 18% (71.8+/-7.9 kcal). Children consumed
      significantly more of the lower-energy-density entree (10.1+/-4.2 g; P<0.05).
      Children's sex-specific body mass index-for-age percentiles did not affect the
      relationship between energy density of the entree and children's intakes.
      CONCLUSIONS: Decreasing the energy density of a lunch entree resulted in a
      reduction in children's energy intake from the entree and from the total meal.
      Reducing the energy density of foods may be an effective strategy to moderate
      children's energy intake.

PMID- 18155989
TI  - Overweight and obesity are associated with emotion- and stress-related eating as
      measured by the eating and appraisal due to emotions and stress questionnaire.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Identify if constructs from the Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions
      and Stress Model, including Emotion and Stress Related Eating, Appraisal of
      Ability and Resources to Cope, and Appraisal of Outside Influences and Stressors,
      were related to overweight and obesity. DESIGN: Data were collected from a cross
      sectional study using the Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress
      Questionnaire. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Convenience sample from a southeastern public
      university, including staff and faculty (n=822) with ages ranging from 18 to 83
      years and 55.8% of the sample being overweight or obese. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
      PERFORMED: Total sum scores were given to each construct and converted to
      quartiles. Lower quartiles represented higher stress- or emotion-related eating
      and more compromised appraisal skills or resources to cope. chi(2) Analyses were
      used to identify variables associated with overweight and obesity. Forward
      stepwise logistic regression (n=783) was used to identify the independent
      association of each significant variable with overweight and obesity. RESULTS: A
      model including race, sex, life stage, and job category as covariates, with a
      cumulative R(2) of 0.075 was produced. Emotion- and Stress-Related Eating
      remained in the model during stepwise regression producing a cumulative
      R(2)=0.265. Individuals scoring in the lowest quartiles for Emotion- and Stress
      Related Eating were 13.38 times more likely to be overweight or obese, compared
      with individuals scoring in the highest quartiles. CONCLUSIONS: The Eating and
      Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Model construct of Emotion- and Stress
      Related Eating as measured by the Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress
      Questionnaire can be used to assess nontraditional factors that contribute to
      overweight and obesity.

PMID- 18155990
TI  - One-year ad libitum consumption of diacylglycerol oil as part of a regular diet
      results in modest weight loss in comparison with consumption of a triacylglycerol
      control oil in overweight Japanese subjects.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 1-year ad
      libitum consumption of diacylglycerol oil on body weight and serum triglyceride
      in Japanese men and women. DESIGN/SUBJECTS/INTERVENTION: In a 1-year double
      blind, placebo-controlled parallel trial with clinic visits at month 0, 3, 6, 9,
      and 12, a total of 312 Japanese men (n=174) and women (n=138) (aged 22 to 73
      years) with body mass index (calculated as kg/m(2)) > or =25 and/or fasting serum
      triglyceride level > or =150 mg/dL (1.70 mmol/L) (aged 22 to 73 years) were
      randomly assigned to the diacylglycerol (n=155) or triacylglycerol (n=157) group.
      Participants substituted their usual home cooking oil with the assigned test
      oils. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in anthropometrics and serum triglyceride
      level were monitored at 3-month intervals across a 12-month period. RESULTS: In
      the intention-to-treat analysis, body weight decreased significantly in the
      diacylglycerol group when compared to the triacylglycerol group (P=0.013).
      Changes in body weight and body mass index during the study period differed
      between the two groups by 0.87 kg (P=0.002) and 0.32 kg (P=0.002), respectively.
      Participants with higher initial body mass index or greater percentage of total
      fat intake as diacylglycerol exhibited greater reduction in body weight. Total
      energy intake and physical activity were not significantly different between the
      groups during the study. Serum triglyceride levels decreased significantly from
      values in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia, but did not differ between
      groups. CONCLUSIONS: Modest body weight reduction was observed after 1-year ad
      libitum consumption of diacylglycerol oil as part of a regular diet in comparison
      to that of triacylglycerol oil; weight loss was greatest in participants who were
      obese at baseline. The weight reduction observed in diacylglycerol group was
      attributed to the substitution of usual home cooking oil with diacylglycerol,
      because total energy intake and physical activity did not differ between groups.

PMID- 18155991
TI  - Resistant starch intakes in the United States.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Dietary fiber represents a broad class of undigested carbohydrate
      components. The components vary in chemical and physical nature and in their
      physiological outcomes. Resistant starch is starch that escapes digestion in the
      small intestine and that may be fermented in the large intestine. The purpose of
      this study was to estimate consumption of resistant starch by the US population
      and to identify key sources of dietary resistant starch. DESIGN: A database of
      resistant starch concentrations in foods was developed from the publicly
      available literature. These concentrations were linked to foods reported in 24
      hour dietary recalls from participants in the 1999-2002 National Health and
      Nutrition Examination Surveys and estimates of resistant starch intakes were
      generated. SUBJECTS: The study population included 18,305 nonbreastfeeding
      individuals in the United States. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The dietary intake of
      resistant starch was determined for 10 US subpopulations defined by age, sex, and
      race/ethnicity. Three estimates of resistant starch intake were made for each
      person based on the minimum, mean, and maximum concentrations of resistant starch
      in the foods consumed. RESULTS: Americans aged 1 year and older were estimated to
      consume approximately 4.9 g resistant starch per day based on mean resistant
      starch concentrations (range 2.8 to 7.9 g resistant starch per day). Breads,
      cooked cereals/pastas, and vegetables (other than legumes) contributed 21%, 19%,
      and 19% of total resistant starch intake, respectively, and were top sources of
      resistant starch. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study suggest that the
      estimated intake of resistant starch by Americans is approximately 3 to 8 g per
      person per day. These estimates of resistant starch intake provide a valuable
      reference for researchers and food and nutrition professionals and will allow for
      more accurate estimates of total intakes of carbohydrate compounds that escape
      digestion in the small intestine.

PMID- 18155992
TI  - Metabolically obese normal weight and phenotypically obese metabolically normal
      youths: the CASPIAN Study.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and
      distribution of cardiovascular risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in
      children with generalized, central, or combined types of obesity and to possibly
      discover if a phenotypically obese metabolically normal and a metabolically obese
      normal weight phenotype could be identified in children and adolescents. DESIGN:
      This cross-sectional study is the baseline survey of a national longitudinal
      study. SUBJECT/SETTING: Overall 4,811 nationally representative children, aged 6
      to 18 years, were recruited from the community through randomly selected schools
      within six provinces in Iran. In addition to physical examination, fasting
      glucose and lipid profile were assessed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Obesity type was
      considered the independent variable, cardiovascular risk factors and the
      metabolic syndrome were dependent variables. Prevalence of risk factors in
      different types of obesity was compared by multivariate analysis of variance and
      post-hoc tests. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations
      between obesity type and the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: Varying with age and
      sex groups, 6% to 9% of children were categorized into the isolated central
      obesity group, 7.5% to 11% into the isolated generalized obesity, and 14% to
      16.5% into the combined type group. The prevalence of dyslipidemia, high blood
      pressure, and metabolic syndrome was higher in those children with combined
      obesity than in those with the other two types of obesity, as well as in the
      central than in the generalized obesity groups. Phenotypically obese
      metabolically normal subjects were more prevalent in the generalized obesity
      group. The likelihood of metabolic syndrome was highest in those with combined
      obesity (odds ratio 3.7, 95% confidence interval 3.1 to 4), and lowest in
      generalized obesity group (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.8 to 2.5).
      CONCLUSIONS: This study complements recent research about the adverse health
      hazards of abdominal obesity in children. The finding of metabolically obese
      normal weight children suggests that additional investigation for cardiovascular
      risk factors may be warranted in normal-weight children with an ethnic
      predisposition to chronic diseases.

PMID- 18155993
TI  - Restricted-carbohydrate diets in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.
AB  - Many current popular weight-loss diets advocate restricting carbohydrates, but
      risks and benefits of these diets for patients with diabetes is unclear. We
      searched for articles published in English between 1980 and April 2006 regarding
      carbohydrate-restricted diets that included and reported separate results for
      adult, nonpregnant patients with type 2 diabetes. Articles were limited to
      studies completed in the United States and Canada. Available data on study
      design; carbohydrate composition of diet; duration of diet; and the outcomes of
      weight, lipid levels (total, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol, and triglycerides), hemoglobin A1c percent and/or fasting glucose
      were extracted. A total of 56 studies or reviews were evaluated. Thirteen studies
      met our inclusion criteria. Meta-regression analyses show that hemoglobin A1c,
      fasting glucose, and some lipid fractions (triglycerides) improved with lower
      carbohydrate-content diets. Overall effect on weight was equivocal among the
      studies evaluated in this meta-analysis. Randomized, controlled studies of
      restricted-carbohydrate diets in patients with diabetes need to be conducted in
      order to evaluate the overall sustainability of outcomes and long-term safety.

PMID- 18155994
TI  - Development, implementation, and evaluation of a computerized self-administered
      diet history questionnaire for use in studies of American Indian and Alaskan
      native people.
AB  - Collection of dietary intake in epidemiologic studies involves using methods that
      are comprehensive yet appropriate for the population being studied. Here we
      describe a diet history questionnaire (DHQ) that was developed using an audio
      self-administered computer-assisted interview technique. The DHQ was developed
      for use in a cohort of American Indians and Alaskan Natives with tribal input and
      area-specific modules to incorporate local food availability. The DHQ includes 54
      main food group questions, specific food items within the main food group, and
      food preparation and general eating practice questions. The questionnaire was
      programmed to be self-administered using a computer with a touch screen. The
      average time for the first 6,604 participants to complete the questionnaire was
      36 minutes. Almost 100% of participants had complete DHQ data and the average
      number of food items selected was 70. The methods developed for collection of
      dietary data appear to be appropriate for the targeted population and may have
      usefulness for other populations where collecting dietary data in a self
      administered format is desirable.

PMID- 18155995
TI  - Intensive diet instruction by registered dietitians improves weight-loss success.
AB  - Multiple factors influence long-term weight-loss success, as shown by the
      National Weight Control Registry. We evaluated the influence of two of those
      factors, diet instruction by a registered dietitian (RD) and frequency of weigh
      in visits, on initial weight-loss success. Twenty-six overweight subjects with a
      baseline body mass index of 33.2+/-3.7 and a mean age of 43+/-12 years were
      enrolled in a weight-loss study. The 11-week weight loss period included 33 total
      visits, with weekly RD-instructed classes with a weigh-in, and 22 semiweekly
      related weigh-in visits without an RD present. Classes covered topics in the
      areas of energy restriction, dietary change, exercise, and behavior modification.
      Subjects were enrolled at different time points within the class topic rotation
      but all completed the 11-week program. The mean weight loss for all subjects was
      3.8+/-2.8 kg (P<0.001). Weight loss (%) was significantly correlated with
      attendance of RD-instructed classes (r=0.451, P=0.021) but not attendance at
      weigh-ins that did not include RD-instructed classes (r=0.329, P=0.101). We
      conclude that RD-led dietary instruction was more beneficial than frequent weigh
      in visits alone in promoting weight loss.

PMID- 18155996
TI  - Psychosocial and behavioral profile and predictors of self-reported energy
      underreporting in obese middle-aged women.
AB  - Energy underreporting is a concern with dietary intake data; therefore, subject
      characteristics associated with underreporting energy intake should be
      elucidated. Baseline self-reported dietary intake and measures of diet and weight
      history, life status, weight-loss readiness, psychology, eating behavior,
      physical activity, and self-image of obese middle-aged women (mean body mass
      index [calculated as kg/m(2)]=31.0) enrolled in a lifestyle weight-loss program
      were evaluated. Of the 155 participating, 71 women were identified as
      underreporting energy intake using the Goldberg cutoff values. Comparison of
      means between psychosocial and behavioral measures from energy underreporters and
      energy accurate reporters were used to help develop logistic regression models
      that could predict likelihood to underreport energy intake based on baseline
      measures. Characteristics most predictive of energy underreporting included fewer
      years of education (P=0.01), less-realistic weight-loss goals (P=0.02), higher
      perceived exercise competence (P=0.07), more social support to exercise (P=0.04),
      more body-shape concern (P=0.01), and higher perception of physical condition
      (P=0.03). These results highlight distinct psychosocial and behavioral
      characteristics that, at baseline, can help identify the likelihood an overweight
      middle-aged woman entering a weight-loss intervention will underreport energy
      intake. These results can help provide a framework for screening study
      participants for probability of energy underreporting, based on baseline
      psychosocial and behavioral measures. This knowledge can help researchers target
      at-risk subjects and, through education and training, improve the accuracy of
      self-reported energy intake and, ultimately, the accuracy of energy and nutrient
      intake relationships with health and disease.

PMID- 18155997
TI  - Short-term effectiveness of an outcomes research training curriculum within a
      coordinated program.
AB  - The fourth edition of the Commission on Accreditation for Dietetics Education
      Standards of Education mandated outcomes research training. Our objective was to
      determine the short-term effectiveness (<5 years) of the outcomes research
      training curriculum in the Coordinated Program in Dietetics (CP) at the
      University of Missouri-Columbia, which exceeds these minimum standards. Toward
      this end, a survey tool was administered to University of Missouri-Columbia CP
      graduates before the implementation of the fourth edition of Standards of
      Education and to University of Missouri-Columbia CP graduates with two semesters
      of outcomes research training; graduates of two other CPs from different
      universities from the same years were also surveyed. Graduates who went through
      CPs after implementation of the fourth edition of the Standards of Education
      showed notable improvement in attitudes, interest, and participation in most of
      the outcomes research skills queried, compared with those who completed their
      education under the earlier standards; knowledge was only slightly improved. Of
      these areas, only enhancements in attitudes and interest were consistently more
      pronounced in food and nutrition professionals trained using the University of
      Missouri-Columbia's outcomes research curriculum compared with other CP
      graduates. Both the Commission on Accreditation for Dietetics Education and
      program directors can use the findings described herein to further assess and
      develop the research competencies and/or to strengthen their programs.

PMID- 18155998
TI  - Predictors of diet quality among overweight and obese postmenopausal women.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that sociodemographic characteristics can be
      determinants of healthful eating. However, health characteristics such as smoking
      status have not been well studied. The objective of this research, therefore, was
      to determine predictors of diet quality in postmenopausal women. We included 164
      overweight or obese postmenopausal women aged 50 to 75 years living in and around
      Seattle, WA, and intake, measured by food frequency questionnaire, was used to
      calculate scores for the Diet Quality Index and Healthy Eating Index. Information
      on sociodemographic factors and health behaviors was collected by self
      administered questionnaire. Body mass index was computed using duplicate measures
      of height and weight. Percent body fat was measured by dual-energy x-ray
      absorptiometry. Following data collection, one-way analysis of variance, chi(2),
      and Pearson correlations were used to compare means of diet quality scores across
      participant characteristics. We found that predictors of better diet quality in
      this study population were higher education and former smoking history (compared
      to never-smokers); there was no evidence for a relationship with income level.
      Individuals with higher-quality diets were more likely to have lower body mass
      index or percent body fat. Based on the results of this study, education level
      and smoking history are predictors of diet quality among overweight and obese
      postmenopausal women. These findings add to the increasing evidence for targeting
      public health interventions to individuals with lower education because this
      group stands to benefit from improved dietary intake. In addition, these results
      suggest that the timing of smoking cessation is a possible teachable moment for
      food and nutrition professionals.

PMID- 18155999
TI  - Plausible reports of energy intake may predict body mass index in pre-adolescent
      girls.
AB  - Inaccurate reporting of energy intake makes it difficult to study the
      associations between diet and weight status. This study examined reported energy
      intake at age 9 years as a predictor of girls' body mass index (BMI) at age 11
      years, before and after adjusting for parents' BMI and girls' pubertal status.
      This prospective, observational cohort study included 177 non-Hispanic white
      girls and their parents. When the subjects were 9 years of age, three 24-hour
      recalls were used to categorize girls as plausible or implausible over-reporters
      and under-reporters based on previously published methods. Height and weight was
      measured to calculate BMI. Linear and hierarchical regression analyses were used
      to predict girls' BMI. Results revealed that girls who under-reported had
      significantly higher BMIs than plausible and overreporters. Among the total
      sample and among implausible reporters, reported energy intake was not a
      significant predictor of BMI; however, among plausible reporters, reported energy
      intake explained 14% of the variance in BMI and remained a significant predictor
      after adjusting for parental BMI and girls' pubertal status. Systematic bias
      related to underreporting in dietary data can obscure relationships with weight
      status, even among young girls. A relatively simple analytical procedure can be
      used to identify the magnitude and nature of reporting bias in dietary data.

PMID- 18156000
TI  - Predictive validity of four bioelectrical impedance equations in determining
      percent fat mass in overweight and obese children.
AB  - Bioelectrical impedance equations are frequently used by food and nutrition
      professionals to estimate percent fat mass in overweight and obese children.
      However, it is not known whether they are accurate for such children, as they
      have been primarily developed for children of varying body weights. The aim of
      this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the predictive validity of four
      previously published prediction equations developed for the pediatric population,
      among a sample of overweight and obese children. Thirty overweight or obese
      children (mean age=7.57+/-1.28 years) underwent measurement of fat mass, percent
      fat mass, and fat-free mass using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and
      bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Impedance values from the BIA were
      entered into the four prediction equations and Pearson correlations used to
      determine the significance of associations between each of the BIA prediction
      equations and DEXA for percent fat mass, fat mass, and fat-free mass. For percent
      fat mass, paired t tests were used to assess differences between the methods and
      the technique of Bland and Altman was used to determine bias and error. Results
      showed that the mean percent fat mass as determined by DEXA for this age group
      was 40.79%. In comparison with other BIA prediction equations, the Schaefer
      equation had the closest mean value of 41.98%, and was the only equation not to
      significantly differ from the DEXA (P=0.121). This study suggests that the
      Schaefer equation is the only accurate BIA prediction equation for assessing
      percent fat mass in this sample of overweight and obese children from primarily
      white backgrounds.

PMID- 18156001
TI  - Impact of portion-size control for school a la carte items: changes in
      kilocalories and macronutrients purchased by middle school students.
AB  - We assessed the impact of a pilot middle school a la carte intervention on food
      and beverage purchases, kilocalories, fat, carbohydrate, and protein sold per
      student, and nutrient density of the foods sold. A la carte sales were obtained
      from six middle schools in three states for 1 baseline week and daily during the
      6-week intervention. Intervention goals included reducing sizes of sweetened
      beverages and chips, and increasing the availability of water and reduced
      fat/baked chips. Nutrients sold per day were computed and weekly nutrient means
      per student and per number of items sold were calculated and compared between
      baseline and week 6. Five schools achieved all goals at 6 weeks. Four schools
      showed increases in the percentage of kilocalories from protein and decreases in
      the amount of sweetened beverages sold; five showed substantial increases in
      water sales. Changes in regular chips varied by school. There were significant
      changes in energy density of foods sold. School foodservice changes in middle
      school snack bar/a la carte lines can be implemented and can lead to a reduction
      in the caloric density of foods purchased.

PMID- 18156003
TI  - What is the latest research on the connection between selenium and diabetes?

PMID- 18156002
TI  - Obesity-related hypoferremia is not explained by differences in reported intake
      of heme and nonheme iron or intake of dietary factors that can affect iron
      absorption.
AB  - Hypoferremia is more prevalent in obese than nonobese adults, but the reason for
      this phenomenon is unknown. To elucidate the role dietary factors play in obesity
      related hypoferremia, the intake of heme and nonheme iron and the intake of other
      dietary factors known to affect iron absorption were compared cross-sectionally
      from April 2002 to December 2003 in a convenience sample of 207 obese and 177
      nonobese adults. Subjects completed 7-day food records, underwent phlebotomy for
      serum iron measurement, and had body composition assessed by dual-energy x-ray
      absorptiometry, during a 21-month period. Data were analyzed by analysis of
      covariance and multiple linear regression. Serum iron (mean+/-standard deviation)
      was significantly lower in obese than nonobese individuals (72.0+/-61.7 vs 85.3+/
      58.1 microg/dL [12.888+/-11.0443 vs 15.2687+/-10.3999 micromol/L]; P<0.001). The
      obese cohort reported consuming more animal protein (63.6+/-34.5 vs 55.7+/-32.5
      g/day; P<0.001) and more heme iron (3.6+/-2.8 vs 2.7+/-2.6 mg/day; P<0.001).
      Groups did not differ, however, in total daily iron consumption, including
      supplements. Obese subjects reported consuming less vitamin C (77.2+/-94.9 vs
      91.8+/-89.5 mg/day; P=0.01), which may increase absorption of nonheme iron, and
      less calcium (766.2+/-665.0 vs 849.0+/-627.2 mg/day; P=0.038), which may decrease
      nonheme iron absorption, than nonobese subjects. Groups did not significantly
      differ in intake of other dietary factors that can impact absorption of iron,
      including phytic acid, oxalic acid, eggs, coffee, tea, zinc, vegetable protein,
      or copper. After accounting for demographic covariates and dietary factors
      expected to affect iron absorption, fat mass (P=0.007) remained a statistically
      significant negative predictor of serum iron. This cross-sectional, exploratory
      study suggests that obesity-related hypoferremia is not associated with
      differences in reported intake of heme and nonheme iron or intake of dietary
      factors that can affect iron absorption.

PMID- 18156004
TI  - Management of hypertension in peripheral arterial disease.

PMID- 18156005
TI  - A review of therapeutic strategies for risk reduction of recurrent stroke.
AB  - Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major source of morbidity and
      mortality in the United States, a relatively small percentage of deaths related
      to CVD result from ischemic stroke. However, the impairment and costs associated
      with stroke are large--and largely preventable. Large-scale trials have
      demonstrated benefit with antihypertensive therapy for secondary prevention,
      showing significantly reduced rates of stroke and cardiovascular events. Statins
      have shown efficacy in primary stroke prevention, and one trial showed reduced
      incidence of stroke and cardiovascular events in patients with recent stroke or
      transient ischemic attack (TIA). The merits of antiplatelet therapy in primary
      and secondary stroke prevention have been demonstrated across numerous trials and
      meta-analyses. Trials assessing aspirin plus clopidogrel or aspirin plus extended
      release dipyridamole for preventing secondary stroke have produced somewhat
      contradictory findings. This review discusses the relationship between CVD and
      risk of secondary stroke or TIA and summarizes secondary prevention strategies,
      focusing on antiplatelet agents, to provide guidance for the practicing
      cardiologist. Certain combination therapies appear to be more effective for
      secondary prevention of stroke or TIA than therapy with single antiplatelet
      agents. The choice of agents may be important, based on results of several
      trials. The ongoing, large-scale, comparative Prevention Regimen for Effectively
      Avoiding Second Strokes (PR. FESS) trial should provide cardiologists with more
      definitive recommendations.

PMID- 18156006
TI  - Prosthetic valve endocarditis: current approach and therapeutic options.
AB  - Despite improvements in medical and surgical therapy, prosthetic valve
      endocarditis is still associated with a severe prognosis, and remains a
      diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis
      is more difficult than that of the native valve endocarditis and the application
      of Duke criteria is less useful in this setting. Therapeutic strategies are not
      guided by evidence-based recommendations and are mainly based on a careful
      prognostic evaluation, which allows the identification of high-risk subgroups.
      Continuous effort have to be made to detect early this severe complication of
      valve replacement and to prevent it using systematic prophylaxis.

PMID- 18156008
TI  - The pathophysiology and clinical course of the normal coronary angina syndrome
      (cardiac syndrome X).

PMID- 18156007
TI  - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia: risk stratification
      and therapy.

PMID- 18156009
TI  - The science of government.

PMID- 18156010
TI  - Access to health care for undocumented migrants in Europe.

PMID- 18156011
TI  - The devil in the dark chocolate.

PMID- 18156012
TI  - Targeted drugs for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 18156013
TI  - Mechanical bowel preparation before colorectal surgery?

PMID- 18156014
TI  - ADRB2 polymorphisms and beta2 agonists.

PMID- 18156015
TI  - Chronic diseases in developing countries.

PMID- 18156016
TI  - International cooperation to combat chronic diseases.

PMID- 18156017
TI  - Clinical update: treating osteoarthritis.

PMID- 18156018
TI  - Martin Evans: joint winner of 2007 Nobel Prize in medicine.

PMID- 18156019
TI  - War on white coats.

PMID- 18156020
TI  - War on white coats.

PMID- 18156021
TI  - War on white coats.

PMID- 18156022
TI  - Calcium and vitamin D for prevention of osteoporotic fractures.

PMID- 18156023
TI  - War on white coats.

PMID- 18156024
TI  - War on white coats.

PMID- 18156025
TI  - Safety of drug-eluting stents: demystifying network meta-analysis.

PMID- 18156027
TI  - Asthma guidelines on house dust mites are not evidence-based.

PMID- 18156028
TI  - Lamotrigine and the risk of fulminant hepatic failure.

PMID- 18156029
TI  - A framework convention on alcohol control.

PMID- 18156030
TI  - Medical ethical violations in Gaza.

PMID- 18156032
TI  - Mechanical bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery: a multicentre
      randomised trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Mechanical bowel preparation is a common practice before elective
      colorectal surgery. We aimed to compare the rate of anastomotic leakage after
      elective colorectal resections and primary anastomoses between patients who did
      or did not have mechanical bowel preparation. METHODS: We did a multicentre
      randomised non-inferiority study at 13 hospitals. We randomly assigned 1431
      patients who were going to have elective colorectal surgery to either receive
      mechanical bowel preparation or not. Patients who did not have mechanical bowel
      preparation had a normal meal on the day before the operation. Those who did were
      given a fluid diet, and mechanical bowel preparation with either polyethylene
      glycol or sodium phosphate. The primary endpoint was anastomotic leakage, and the
      study was designed to test the hypothesis that patients who are given mechanical
      bowel preparation before colorectal surgery do not have a lower risk of
      anastomotic leakage than those who are not. The median follow-up was 24 days (IQR
      17-34). We analysed patients who were treated as per protocol. This study is
      registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00288496. FINDINGS: 77 patients
      were excluded: 46 who did not have a bowel resection; 21 because of missing
      outcome data; and 10 who withdrew, cancelled, or were excluded for other reasons.
      The rate of anastomotic leakage did not differ between both groups: 32/670 (4.8%)
      patients who had mechanical bowel preparation and 37/684 (5.4%) in those who did
      not (difference 0.6%, 95% CI -1.7% to 2.9%, p=0.69). Patients who had mechanical
      bowel preparation had fewer abscesses after anastomotic leakage than those who
      did not (2/670 [0.3%] vs 17/684 [2.5%], p=0.001). Other septic complications,
      fascia dehiscence, and mortality did not differ between groups. INTERPRETATION:
      We advise that mechanical bowel preparation before elective colorectal surgery
      can safely be abandoned.

PMID- 18156031
TI  - Bevacizumab plus interferon alfa-2a for treatment of metastatic renal cell
      carcinoma: a randomised, double-blind phase III trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition is a valid
      therapeutic approach in renal cell carcinoma. Therefore, an investigation of the
      combination treatment of the humanised anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody bevacizumab
      with interferon alfa was warranted. METHODS: In a multicentre, randomised, double
      blind, phase III trial, 649 patients with previously untreated metastatic renal
      cell carcinoma were randomised to receive interferon alfa-2a (9 MIU
      subcutaneously three times weekly) and bevacizumab (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks;
      n=327) or placebo and interferon alfa-2a (n=322). The primary endpoint was
      overall survival. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival and
      safety. An interim analysis of overall survival was prespecified after 250
      deaths. On the basis of new second-line therapies that became available while the
      trial was in progress, which could have confounded analyses of overall survival
      data, we agreed with regulatory agencies that the pre-planned final analysis of
      progression-free survival would be acceptable for regulatory submission. The
      protocol was amended to allow the study to be unblinded at this point. The final
      analysis of progression-free survival is reported here. Efficacy analyses were
      done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with centerwatch.com, number
      BO17705E. FINDINGS: 325 patients in the bevacizumab plus interferon alfa group
      and 316 in the placebo plus interferon alfa group received at least one dose of
      study treatment. At the time of unblinding, 230 progression events had occurred
      in the bevacizumab plus interferon alfa group and 275 in the control group; there
      were 114 deaths in the bevacizumab plus interferon alfa group and 137 in the
      control group. Median duration of progression-free survival was significantly
      longer in the bevacizumab plus interferon alfa group than it was in the control
      group (10.2 months vs 5.4 months; HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.52-0.75; p=0.0001). Increases
      in progression-free survival were seen with bevacizumab plus interferon alfa
      irrespective of risk group or whether reduced-dose interferon alfa was received.
      Deaths due to adverse events were reported in eight (2%) patients who received
      one or more doses of bevacizumab and seven (2%) of those who did not receive the
      drug. Only three deaths in the bevacizumab arm were considered by investigators
      to be possibly related to bevacizumab. The most commonly reported grade 3 or
      worse adverse events were fatigue (40 [12%] patients in the bevacizumab group vs
      25 [8%] in the control group) and asthenia (34 [10%] vs 20 [7%]). INTERPRETATION:
      The combination of bevacizumab with interferon alfa as first-line treatment in
      patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma results in a significant
      improvement in progression-free survival, compared with interferon alfa alone.

PMID- 18156033
TI  - Effect of ADRB2 polymorphisms on response to longacting beta2-agonist therapy: a
      pharmacogenetic analysis of two randomised studies.
AB  - BACKGROUND: New evidence has suggested that people with asthma who are homozygous
      for arginine at aminoacid 16 of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) might not
      benefit from longacting beta2-agonist therapy. We, therefore, investigated
      whether ADRB2 polymorphisms affect response to longacting beta2-agonists in
      combination with inhaled corticosteroids. METHODS: Asthmatics were stratified by
      ADRB2 genotype in two studies to assess the effects of inhaled corticosteroids
      plus longacting beta2-agonists on asthma exacerbations. In study 1 (double
      blind), 2250 asthmatics were randomly assigned to budesonide plus formoterol
      maintenance and reliever therapy, fixed-dose budesonide plus formoterol, or fixed
      dose fluticasone plus salmeterol for 6 months. Study 2 (open-label) consisted of
      405 asthmatics and compared an adjustable regimen of budesonide plus formoterol
      with fixed-dose budesonide plus formoterol and fixed-dose fluticasone plus
      salmeterol for 7 months. The relation between ADRB2 polymorphism, severe asthma
      exacerbations, and other asthma outcomes was analysed. Primary endpoints for
      studies 1 and 2 were severe asthma exacerbation and asthma control as assessed by
      measures of exacerbations, respectively. FINDINGS: In study 1, Gly16Arg genotype
      had no effect on the percentage of participants with severe exacerbations across
      all treatment groups (99 [12%] of 833 Gly/Gly, 110 [11%] of 1028 Gly/Arg, and 32
      [9%] of 361 Arg/Arg participants). Secondary endpoints, including forced
      expiratory volume in 1 s, peak expiratory flow, use of as-needed medication, and
      number of nights with awakenings were similar between genotype groups. No
      relation was recorded between ADRB2 haplotype and primary and secondary
      endpoints. In study 2, the frequency of asthma exacerbations (15 [9%] of 168
      Gly/Gly, 13 [8%] of 169 Gly/Arg, and 6 [9%] of 67 Arg/Arg participants) and other
      study endpoints were closely similar for all ADRB2 genotypes. INTERPRETATION:
      Since we showed no pharmacogenetic effect of ADRB2 variation on therapeutic
      response in asthma, patients, irrespective of their genotype, can continue to
      receive inhaled corticosteroids plus longacting beta2-agonists.

PMID- 18156034
TI  - Arson, an attractive monk, and our vertigo clinic.

PMID- 18156035
TI  - Genital herpes.
AB  - Genital herpes is the main cause of genital ulcers worldwide; the prevalence of
      herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 infections in the general population ranges
      from 10% to 60%. Most genital herpes is caused by HSV-2, although HSV-1 accounts
      for about half of new cases in developed countries. The risk of HIV acquisition
      is three times higher in people with HSV-2. Neonatal herpes is an uncommon but
      serious complication of genital herpes. Most genital HSV-2 infections are
      unrecognised and undiagnosed; infected individuals, even with mild symptoms, shed
      HSV, and can infect sexual partners. Since clinical diagnosis is neither
      sensitive nor specific, virological and type-specific serological tests should be
      used routinely. Oral antiviral drugs for HSV infections are safe and effective
      and can be used both to treat episodes and to prevent recurrences. Antiviral
      treatment of the infected partners and condom use reduce the risk of sexual
      transmission of HSV-2.

PMID- 18156036
TI  - Are COX-2 inhibitors preferable to non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
      drugs in patients with risk of cardiovascular events taking low-dose aspirin?
AB  - Cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitors and non-selective non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with increased risk of acute
      cardiovascular events. Only aspirin offers primary and secondary cardiovascular
      prophylaxis, but trials have not answered directly whether low-dose aspirin is
      cardioprotective with COX-2 inhibitors. A large inception cohort study showed
      that concomitant use of aspirin reduced risk of cardiovascular events when given
      with rofecoxib, celecoxib, sulindac, meloxicam, and indometacin but not when
      given with ibuprofen. In large trials assessing gastrointestinal safety, there
      were fewer gastrointestinal events in patients using both COX-2 inhibitors and
      aspirin than in those using non-selective NSAIDs and aspirin; significantly fewer
      uncomplicated upper gastrointestinal events took place in the MEDAL trial.
      Analysis of VIGOR and two capsule endoscopy studies showed significantly less
      distal gastrointestinal blood loss with COX-2 inhibitors than with non-selective
      NSAIDs. Endoscopy trials showed that low-dose aspirin does not diminish the
      gastrointestinal benefits of COX-2 inibitors over non-selective NSAIDs. In an
      elderly epidemiological cohort receiving aspirin, both celecoxib and rofecoxib
      reduced risk of admission for gastrointestinal events. Comparison of the
      cardiovascular and gastrointestinal risks is difficult: likelihood and severity
      of cardiovascular events differ between individuals, agents, and exposure.
      Mortality associated with gastrointestinal events is less frequent than with
      cardiovascular events, but asymptomatic ulcers can result in severe
      complications. Data support the conclusion that COX-2 inhibitors are preferable
      to non-selective NSAIDs in patients with chronic pain and cardiovascular risk
      needing low-dose aspirin, but relative risks and benefits should be assessed
      individually for each patient.

PMID- 18156037
TI  - Genital herpes in Africa: time to rethink treatment.

PMID- 18156038
TI  - Responding to HIV in Afghanistan.

PMID- 18156039
TI  - Smoking the pipe of peace.

PMID- 18156040
TI  - Seizures on hearing the alarm clock.

PMID- 18156042
TI  - Epidemiology and demographics for primary vertebral tumors.
AB  - The vertebral column is the most common osseous site for secondary malignancy.
      Conversely, primary tumors of the vertebral column are relatively rare,
      comprising only 10% or less of all tumors to the spine. This article outlines
      benign and malignant tumors of the spine in children and adults.

PMID- 18156043
TI  - Chordoma of the spinal column.
AB  - Chordomas are the most common primary malignant tumor of the mobile spine and of
      the sacrum. Although considered not to possess significant metastatic potential,
      such lesions are locally aggressive, leading to neurologic compromise and lytic
      destruction of bone. En bloc resection has afforded patients the greatest chance
      of local control and disease-free survival. Such radical resections may be
      associated with significant surgical morbidity, however. Although considered
      generally resistant to radiation therapy and chemotherapy, recent advances in
      photon and proton radiation therapy and use of monoclonal antibodies may provide
      improved outcomes for poor surgical candidates and for tumors that recur after
      surgery.

PMID- 18156044
TI  - Comprehensive management of symptomatic and aggressive vertebral hemangiomas.
AB  - Conservative surgical strategies are appropriate for most symptomatic hemangiomas
      causing cord compression without instability or deformity. Even so, complete
      intralesional spondylectomy following embolization of aggressive vertebral
      hemangiomas with circumferential vertebral involvement can be safely
      accomplished. Such a spondylectomy can also prevent recurrence of hemangiomas.
      Transarterial embolization without decompression is an effective treatment for
      painful intraosseous hemangiomas. Vertebroplasty is useful for improving pain
      symptoms, especially when vertebral body compression fracture has occurred in
      patients without neurological deficit, but is less effective in providing long
      term pain relief.

PMID- 18156045
TI  - Multiple myeloma: primary bone tumor with systemic manifestations.
AB  - Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell dyscrasia that frequently involves the bone
      marrow of the spine. These tumors are typically chemosensitive and radiation
      sensitive. Multiple myeloma promotes osteoclast activation and osteoblast
      inhibition, resulting in osteolysis of the vertebral bodies and subsequent
      compression fractures. Rarely is open surgery for decompression and
      instrumentation indicated. The presence of diffuse osteoporosis in patients with
      multiple myeloma increases the probability of failed fixation in this population.

PMID- 18156046
TI  - Aneurysmal bone cysts of the spine.
AB  - The article reviews aneurysmal bone cysts of the spine and current diagnostic
      tests approaches and therapeutic interventions are discussed.

PMID- 18156047
TI  - Giant cell tumor of the spine.
AB  - Giant cell tumors are benign but locally aggressive neoplasms that typically
      affect the extremities. When involving the spine, the tumors occur predominantly
      in the sacrum. Gross total resection of the tumor with wide margins yields good
      results in terms of survival. However, it carries a significant potential for
      morbidity and disability. Subtotal resection with adjuvant radiation carries a
      risk for recurrence or, more concerning, sarcomatous malignant transformation.
      Endovascular tumor embolizations have also been attempted to control unresectable
      tumors, and have been performed with moderate degrees of success. Outcomes are
      analyzed outcomes following surgery, radiation therapy, and tumor embolization.

PMID- 18156048
TI  - Chondroma/Chondrosarcoma of the spine.
AB  - Chondromas and chondrosarcomas are cartilage-forming tumors that occur rarely in
      the spine. These neoplasms exist on opposite ends of the pathologic spectrum,
      ranging from the benign chondroma to the malignant, high-grade chondrosarcoma.
      Unlike other sarcomas, a patient's long-term prognosis is influenced by the grade
      of the tumor. A complete en bloc resection is the ideal method of surgical
      management. This method holds especially true for chondrosarcomas, and can result
      in prolonged survival. These tumors are resistant to conventional chemotherapy
      and radiation therapy. Hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy may slow
      tumor progression, although the long-term effect of this modality is unknown.

PMID- 18156049
TI  - Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma of the spine.
AB  - Osteoid osteomas and osteoblastomas of the spine are rare primary spine tumors
      consisting of osteoblasts that produce osteoid and woven bone. They often involve
      the posterior spinal elements, with the thoracolumbar spine being the most common
      site of involvement. The authors review the clinical presentation, radiologic
      findings, and treatment in osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma of the spine, with
      an emphasis on surgical management and outcomes in recent years.

PMID- 18156050
TI  - Sarcoma and the spinal column.
AB  - Primary sarcomas are rare in the spine. Common primary sarcomas include
      osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, chondrosarcomas, and retroperitoneal soft-tissue
      sarcomas. These tumors tend to occur in adolescents and young adults. Surgery
      remains the mainstay of treatment, although the anatomy of spine and spinal cord
      often limits complete surgical resection with a wide margin. Chemotherapy and
      radiation therapy have variable effects on these tumors. With recent advances in
      surgical techniques and development of new chemotherapy protocols, survival and
      local control are both improving.

PMID- 18156051
TI  - Pediatric tumors involving the spinal column.
AB  - Primary pediatric spinal column tumors are rare lesions, but they can lead to
      serious morbidity if left untreated. Progressive pain, deformity, and neurologic
      decline may result from destructive and compressive insults on neighboring
      structures. In addition, histologic diagnosis is paramount in determining overall
      survival and management options. Evolution of spinal instrumentation has allowed
      safe and effective application of spinal reconstruction to the developing spine.
      As a result, aggressive surgical decompression, deformity correction, fusion, and
      gross total tumor resections may improve functional and oncologic outcomes
      without sacrifice of spinal stability.

PMID- 18156052
TI  - Inflammatory and dysplastic lesions involving the spine.
AB  - Dysplastic lesions of the spinal column include a wide spectrum of disorders that
      can occur secondary to metabolic, degenerative, and inflammatory processes. The
      clinical presentations are highly variable, depending on the location of the
      lesion and the extent of the systemic disease process. Common signs and symptoms
      include pain, scoliosis, myelopathy, and weakness. Surgical decision making is
      based on patient status, comorbidities, and extent of disease.

PMID- 18156053
TI  - Surgery for primary vertebral tumors: en bloc versus intralesional resection.
AB  - The decision to select en bloc resection or intralesional resection needs to be
      tailored to each individual patient and circumstance. Though complete resection
      with long-term progression-free survival is the goal, it is not always feasible,
      nor advisable, depending on what the patient's expectations are and what the risk
      of complications may be. However, in cases with favorable circumstances and
      consensus agreement between physicians, surgeons, and patients, aggressive en
      bloc removal of spinal tumors can be extremely valuable and may offer the only
      chance at cure for otherwise devastating malignancies.

PMID- 18156054
TI  - Radiation for primary spine tumors.
AB  - Malignant primary tumors of the spine present difficult management problems
      because of the complexities of en bloc resection and their chemoresistance and
      radioresistance. A combination of radiation techniques and advances in systemic
      therapy may ultimately provide improved local tumor control and cure for these
      treatment-resistant tumors.

PMID- 18156055
TI  - Adjunct and minimally invasive techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of
      vertebral tumors.
AB  - As more minimally invasive modalities for the diagnosis and treatment of primary
      spinal column tumors are developed, patients increasingly have the option of
      procedures that reduce the risk for morbidity and mortality and shorten recovery
      times. This review demonstrates a wide range of innovative techniques used in the
      diagnosis and nonoperative and operative treatment of primary spinal tumors. Some
      techniques facilitate actual tumor resection, whereas others provide symptomatic
      relief and clinical improvements.

PMID- 18156057
TI  - In vivo comparison of screw versus plate and screw fixation for first
      metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis: does augmentation of internal compression screw
      fixation using a semi-tubular plate shorten time to clinical and radiologic
      fusion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ)?
AB  - A retrospective analysis of first metatarsophalangeal joint fusion in 26
      consecutive patients (34 feet), treated between April 1998 and February 2002,
      comparing single compression screw versus a compression screw supplemented with a
      dorsal quarter tubular plate, was undertaken. The study aimed to assess whether
      or not plate augmentation of the single interfragmental compression screw lead to
      an earlier fusion. There were 18 women and 8 men with a mean age of 54.6 +/-
      11.02 years and a mean follow-up of 2.9 +/- 1.1 years. Successful fusion was
      determined clinically and radiologically by means of identifying transarticular
      trabeculation. The overall incidence of fusion was 97.06% (33/34 fusions).
      Observed complications included 4 cases of superficial wound infection, each of
      which resolved with antibiotic therapy; 3 cases of paraesthesia involving the
      dorsomedial aspect of the big toe; and 2 cases of transfer metatarsalgia.
      Statistical analyses did not reveal any significant associations between the type
      of fixation and time to fusion, patient satisfaction, and complications. In
      regard to the methods of osteosynthesis compared in this investigation, the
      choice of first metatarsophalangeal fusion fixation can be determined based on
      surgeon's preference. ACFAS Level of Clinical Evidence: 2c.

PMID- 18156058
TI  - A preliminary study on the effects of acellular tissue graft augmentation in
      acute Achilles tendon ruptures.
AB  - Acute Achilles tendon rupture injuries present surgical challenges because of the
      mechanical forces placed on this tendon. The purpose of this study was to
      evaluate the effectiveness of an acellular human dermal tissue matrix,
      GraftJacket Matrix (Wright Medical Technology, Inc., Arlington, TN), as an
      augmentation material in acute Achilles tendon repair. Eleven consecutive
      patients with acute tendon ruptures were evaluated and followed up (20-31
      months). Primary repair was followed by augmentation with the graft sutured
      circumferentially around the tendon. Patients were placed in an early functional
      rehabilitation program with postoperative evaluation at 3, 6, and 12 months.
      Outcome scores were calculated based on the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle
      Society ankle-hindfoot scoring system. At 20-month postoperative follow-up, there
      have been no cases of rerupture or recurrent pain. The average return-to-activity
      time was 11.8 +/- 0.75 weeks. These retrospective clinical results suggest that
      with an acellular human dermal tissue matrix to augment acute Achilles tendon,
      primary repair offers a desirable return-to-activity time without any rerupture
      or complications. ACFAS Level of Clinical Evidence: 2c.

PMID- 18156059
TI  - Cost comparison of crossed screws versus dorsal plate construct for first
      metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis.
AB  - Expensive surgical implants can significantly add to the cost of a procedure. We
      performed a crude cost analysis to evaluate and compare the crossed screw
      technique versus dorsal plating for first metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis. First
      metatarsophalangeal arthrodeses performed over a 20-month period were selected.
      Exclusion criteria included diabetes, neuroarthropathy, revision surgery, or
      alternate fixation. Hospital records were reviewed for each case to determine
      implant charges. Patient charts and radiographs were also reviewed to determine
      time to fusion, delayed union/nonunion, revision surgery, or hardware removal.
      Fifty-five first metatarsophalangeal arthrodeses were performed during the study
      period. Ten fusions were excluded, leaving 45 fusions for review. The overall
      fusion rate was 91.1%. The average time to fusion in crossed screw versus plating
      technique was 73.2 +/- 32.5 days (range, 43 to 162) and 69.3 +/- 37.3 days
      (range, 44 to 238), respectively, and not statistically significant. The mean
      implant cost in the crossed screw versus dorsal plating technique was $374.05 +/-
      76.3 (range, 278.72 to 530.00) and $603.57 +/- 234.7 (range, 543.40 to 1677.00)
      respectively and was strongly significant (P = .0002). Complications included 2
      delayed unions (1 screw, 1 plate), 4 nonunions (1 screw, 3 plate), 2 revisions (1
      screw, 1 plate), and 2 hardware removals (1 screw, 1 plate). SUMMARY: A cost
      comparison of crossed screws versus dorsal plate construct for first
      metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis is performed. No statistical difference was found
      in the time to fusion between the 2 constructs but there was strong statistical
      difference in hardware cost. This information may aid in the cost management of
      this procedure without compromising clinical results. ACFAS Level of Clinical
      Evidence: 2c.

PMID- 18156060
TI  - Dynamic and functional gait analysis of severely displaced intra-articular
      calcaneus fractures treated with a hinged external fixator or internal
      stabilization.
AB  - The purpose of this article was to assess functional gait outcome. Fifty-five
      patients with severely displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures and soft
      tissue damage were evaluated prospectively with computerized dynamic pedography
      and a clinical scoring scale. The treatment protocol assigned 30 patients to open
      reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and 25 to closed reduction and
      stabilization with a biomechanically tested hinged external fixator. Gait
      parameter was evaluated by measuring plantar pressure distribution, length of a
      double-step, double-step duration, standing duration, effective foot length, and
      width of gait. Pedographic measurements were performed with a custom-made gait
      analysis system (medilogic Gangas, Berlin, Germany). Results were graded by an
      extended protocol of questionnaires and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle
      Society (AOFAS) ankle and hindfoot scales. Radiographs were reviewed according to
      the Sanders classification at the time of follow-up (7.3 years). All measurements
      were statistically analyzed (t test; Mann-Whitney U test). Aberrations were
      associated with all calcaneal fractures in both groups. Dynamic gait analysis
      showed gait asymmetry in all patients. The type of treatment (ORIF or a hinged
      fixator) of severely displaced calcaneus fractures did not affect gait analysis
      nor result in significantly different (P > .05) patient outcome scores. The gait
      analysis system allows a valid dynamic pedographic measurement. The hinged
      external fixator can be recommended in displaced intra-articular calcaneal
      fractures with severe soft tissue damage to reduce complications associated with
      ORIF. ACFAS Level of Clinical Evidence: 2c.

PMID- 18156061
TI  - A biomechanical evaluation to optimize the configuration of a hinged external
      fixator for the primary treatment of severely displaced intraarticular calcaneus
      fractures with soft tissue damage.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to develop an optimized hinged external
      fixator for the primary treatment of dislocated, intra-articular calcaneus
      fractures with associated soft tissue damage. To this end, a calcaneus model was
      made out of a polyurethane block, and a steel cylinder served as the ankle joint
      and was connected to a synthetic model of the tibia via a metal clamp. A saw cut
      served as the fracture in the model. A Steinmann nail and Schanz screw were
      placed in defined positions in the model and connected medially and laterally
      with longitudinal support rods. The fixator allowed a total of 20 degrees of
      plantar- and dorsiflexion, with rotation in the virtual axis of the upper ankle
      joint. Changes in the model fracture were measured during cyclical strain, and at
      different screw positions in the model tibia and calcaneus. Miniature force
      sensors located on the longitudinal support rods, and a plantar tension spring,
      were used to measure pressure and tension. Reproducible values were determined
      and, with the optimal configuration, shifting within the osteotomy was minimal.
      In the experimental configuration, optimal tibial screw placement was 70 mm
      proximal to the rotation axis of the upper ankle joint, and optimal placement of
      the Steinmann nail was in the posterior surface of the calcaneus. These findings
      indicated that the hinged fixator allows 20 degrees of ankle movement without
      alteration of the rotation axis, and suggest that this type of external fixator
      can be used in all types of calcaneal fracture regardless of the soft tissue
      damage. ACFAS Level of Clinical Evidence: 5c.

PMID- 18156062
TI  - Effect of knee flexion angle on Achilles tendon force and ankle joint
      plantarflexion moment during passive dorsiflexion.
AB  - Early mobilization exercises are advocated following Achilles tendon (AT) repair,
      but forces on the repair during passive range of motion are unknown. The extent
      to which these forces change with flexion of the knee is also not known.
      Estimated AT forces were measured using 3 models: cadaveric, uninjured subjects,
      and in both legs of subjects 6 weeks following unilateral AT repair. For
      cadaveric testing, estimated AT force was recorded using a force transducer while
      cycling the ankle from 10 degrees plantarflexion to maximum dorsiflexion at 3
      different knee flexion angles (0 degrees , 45 degrees , and 90 degrees ). For in
      vivo testing, subjects were seated in an isokinetic dynamometer, and their ankles
      passively cycled from plantarflexion to dorsiflexion with the knee extended and
      flexed 50 degrees . Passive plantarflexion moment recorded by the dynamometer was
      converted to AT force by estimating the AT moment arm. In the cadaveric model,
      knee flexion reduced estimated AT forces during dorsiflexion by more than 40% (P
      < .036). In vivo testing showed that estimated AT force was reduced in knee
      flexion in healthy subjects (P < .001) and in the uninvolved leg AT repair
      subjects (P = .021), but not in the AT repaired leg (P = .387). Normal AT showed
      a marked reduction in estimated AT force with knee flexion which was not present
      in repaired AT. This could be because of elongation of the repair, causing more
      slack in the tendon that would need to be taken up before force transmission
      occurs. ACFAS Level of Clinical Evidence: 4.

PMID- 18156063
TI  - Nonoperative treatment of bimalleolar equivalent ankle fractures: a retrospective
      review of 51 patients.
AB  - The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the outcome of
      bimalleolar equivalent ankle fractures in patients who were treated
      nonoperatively. The charts of 214 patients with isolated Weber B (supination
      external rotation pattern) fibula fractures were reviewed. Fifty-one patients met
      the inclusion criteria and were administered the American Orthopaedic Foot and
      Ankle Society Ankle and Hindfoot Functional Survey by telephone or personal
      interview. The average medial clear space was 5.09 mm; the average American
      Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle and Hindfoot Functional Survey score was
      84.22. A medial clear space of 4, 5, 6, and 7 mm resulted in American Orthopaedic
      Foot and Ankle Society Ankle and Hindfoot Functional Survey scores of 90.22,
      89.4, 72.0 and 63.17, respectively. Further analysis showed significant
      differences in American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle and Hindfoot
      Functional Survey scores between the 4 mm medial clear space group and the 6 mm
      and 7 mm medial clear space groups; the 5 mm medial clear space group and the 6
      mm and 7 mm groups. Our results suggest that medial tenderness and ecchymosis
      alone are not sufficient to meet operative criteria, a higher medial clear space
      on stress gravity views correlates with a lower American Orthopaedic Foot and
      Ankle Society Ankle and Hindfoot Functional Survey score, and that there are
      significant differences in American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle and
      Hindfoot Functional Survey scores between groups with medial clear space 4 to 7
      mm. ACFAS Level of Clinical Evidence: 2b.

PMID- 18156064
TI  - Use of external fixation and primary wound closure in an open comminuted first
      metatarsal fracture: a case report.
AB  - Management of open, comminuted fractures presents a challenge for the foot and
      ankle surgeon. Reconstructive surgery for such injuries has a high potential for
      the development of serious complications, and factors such as the extent of soft
      tissue injury, neurovascular status to the foot, and fracture stability must be
      taken into consideration before determining a surgical plan. This article
      describes the case of a patient who presented with an open, comminuted first
      metatarsal fracture as a result of a chainsaw injury. The patient was treated
      with a uniplanar mini-external fixator, demineralized bone matrix, primary wound
      closure, and external bone growth stimulation. At 1-year follow-up, the interview
      and examination revealed the patient to be pain free with a functional first ray.
      ACFAS Level of Clinical Evidence: 4.

PMID- 18156065
TI  - Dermatobia hominis (botfly) infestation of the lower extremity: a case report.
AB  - We present a report of myiasis, which is the infestation of the body by the larva
      of flies. In this particular case the patient traveled to Belize and was infested
      in her foot and leg by Dermatobia hominis or the human botfly. Treatment was
      initiated once she returned to the United States. She ultimately underwent
      surgical excision of the larva, which was noted to be alive and moving upon
      removal. This is a rare larval infestation in humans, but is frequently seen in
      domestic and livestock animals in Central and South America. With increased
      international travel, the foot and ankle surgeon should be aware of this
      parasitic infection in recent travelers to Central and South American countries.
      ACFAS Level of Clinical Evidence: 4.

PMID- 18156066
TI  - Lateral peritalar dislocation: a case report.
AB  - Peritalar dislocation is a term that has been described as an injury involving a
      simultaneous dislocation to both the subtalar and talonavicular joints without a
      fracture of talar neck or tibiotalar disruption. It often results from high
      energy trauma but may also result from sports injuries. It occurs most frequently
      with a medial dislocation and less frequently with a lateral, anterior, or
      posterior dislocation. The treatment for most peritalar dislocations is closed
      reduction, although surgical intervention may be a requirement in cases where
      reduction is unobtainable. We present a rare lateral peritalar dislocation
      requiring open reduction. ACFAS Level of Clinical Evidence: 4.

PMID- 18156068
TI  - Parkour: a new extreme sport and a case study.
AB  - Parkour is an extreme sport that has been popular in Europe for a few years. This
      sport has now made it across the Atlantic and is quickly gaining popularity in
      the United States. Participants of this activity, known as parkouristes, try to
      overcome obstacles in their environment in the most efficient manner possible.
      This can be accomplished by simply jumping or scaling an obstacle, but sometimes
      this is done in a very acrobatic manner. The sport had a longtime underground
      following but has now gained media exposure through various television
      advertisements, and it has even been featured in recent blockbuster films. As a
      result, many amateurs are attempting to recreate these dangerous stunts without
      proper protection or guidance. We will review the case of an 18-year-old male who
      sustained multiple fracture/dislocations of his left foot while practicing
      parkour. ACFAS Level of Clinical Evidence: 4.

PMID- 18156067
TI  - Dorsal dislocation of the intermediate cuneiform with fracture of the Lisfranc
      joint: a case report.
AB  - Tarsal cuneiform dislocation in association with Lisfranc fracture-dislocation is
      a rare pedal injury. In this report, we describe the case of a patient who
      sustained a dorsal dislocation of the intermediate cuneiform in association with
      tarsometatarsal fracture-dislocation following traumatic axial loading and
      torsion of his foot. A satisfactory outcome was achieved by treating the injury
      by means of closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation. ACFAS
      Level of Clinical Evidence: 4.

PMID- 18156069
TI  - Pressurized air injection causing subcutaneous emphysema in a pediatric patient.
AB  - This report describes the case of a young boy who sustained a bicycle-spoke
      puncture wound during which the tire air nozzle penetrated the cutaneous barrier
      about the ankle. Pressurized air was injected into the tissues resulting in
      subcutaneous emphysema. The subcutaneous gas was confirmed by roentgenogram, and
      a full recovery resulted after local wound care and antibiotic therapy. Care was
      taken to distinguish traumatic air injection from gas gangrene. ACFAS Level of
      Clinical Evidence: 4.

PMID- 18156070
TI  - Interference screw fixation for flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer for
      chronic Achilles tendonopathy.
AB  - Chronic Achilles tendinosis can be a challenging problem to the foot and ankle
      surgeon. Multiple surgical treatment options have been described for this
      condition including transfer of the Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL) tendon for an
      incompetent Achilles tendon. Our technique describes FHL tendon transfer into the
      calcaneus to replace or supplement the Achilles tendon using a single posterior
      incision, a "short harvest" and interference screw fixation.

PMID- 18156071
TI  - Diagnostic and prognostic value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate in contiguous
      osteomyelitis of the foot and ankle.

PMID- 18156072
TI  - Re: "Diagnostic and prognostic value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate in
      contiguous osteomyelitis of the foot and ankle".

PMID- 18156078
TI  - Share and share alike.

PMID- 18156079
TI  - Clinical burden of chikungunya virus infection.

PMID- 18156080
TI  - Chikungunya and respiratory viral infections.

PMID- 18156081
TI  - Seasonality of mosquitoes and chikungunya in Italy.

PMID- 18156082
TI  - Leishmania donovani leishmaniasis in Cyprus.

PMID- 18156083
TI  - Dengue control.

PMID- 18156084
TI  - Neurological involvement during Katayama syndrome.

PMID- 18156086
TI  - Pharmacists lend a hand.

PMID- 18156087
TI  - Infection control in paediatrics.
AB  - Infection control has a particularly important role in paediatric hospitals and
      must take into account the specificity of the needs and environment of the
      paediatric patient. Children are susceptible to infections that are prevented in
      older patients by vaccination or previous natural exposure. Consequently, the
      nosocomial pathogens and most common health-care-associated infection sites in
      children differ from those observed among adults. The immunological naivety of
      young children, especially neonates, translates into an enhanced susceptibility
      to many infections with important health consequences as well as higher rates and
      longer duration of microorganism shedding. In particular, respiratory virus
      infections, rotavirus, varicella zoster virus, and pertussis represent persistent
      challenges in children's hospitals. Specific factors such as the use of
      breastmilk, toys, or therapy animals are associated with an increased risk for
      health-care-associated infections. We review the emergence of antimicrobial
      resistant organisms and strategies to prevent health-care-associated infections
      in the paediatric setting.

PMID- 18156088
TI  - Influenza vaccination in pregnancy: current evidence and selected national
      policies.
AB  - In several countries, pregnant women are recommended seasonal influenza
      vaccination and identified as a priority group for vaccination in the event of a
      pandemic. We review the evidence for the risks of influenza and the risks and
      benefits of seasonal influenza vaccination in pregnancy. Data on influenza
      vaccine safety in pregnancy are inadequate, but the few published studies report
      no serious side-effects in women or their infants, including no indication of
      harm from vaccination in the first trimester. National policies differ widely,
      mainly because of the limited data available, particularly on vaccination in the
      first trimester. The evidence of excess morbidity during seasonal influenza
      supports vaccinating healthy pregnant women in the second or third trimester and
      those with comorbidities in any trimester. The evidence of excess mortality in
      two previous influenza pandemics supports vaccinating in any trimester during a
      pandemic.

PMID- 18156089
TI  - Linezolid versus glycopeptide or beta-lactam for treatment of Gram-positive
      bacterial infections: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
AB  - Linezolid has been approved for the treatment of patients with infections caused
      by Gram-positive cocci that are resistant to traditionally used antibiotics,
      including glycopeptides. This oxazolidinone antibiotic has been reported to have
      excellent pharmacokinetics and effectiveness. We did a meta-analysis of
      randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to clarify whether linezolid is superior to
      glycopeptides or beta-lactams for the treatment of Gram-positive infections. 12
      RCTs, involving 6093 patients, were included. Overall, with respect to treatment
      success, linezolid was more effective than glycopeptides or beta-lactams (odds
      ratio [OR] 1.41 [95% CI 1.11-1.81]). Mortality was similar between the groups (OR
      0.97 [0.79-1.19]). Linezolid was more effective than comparators in patients with
      skin and soft-tissue infections (OR 1.67 [1.31-2.12]) and bacteraemia (OR 2.07
      [1.13-3.78]). However, there was no difference in treatment success for patients
      with pneumonia (OR 1.03 [0.75-1.42]). Treatment with linezolid was not associated
      with more adverse effects in general (OR 1.40 [0.95-2.06]); however,
      thrombocytopenia was recorded more commonly in patients receiving linezolid (OR
      11.72 [3.66-37.57]). Although linezolid is more effective than its comparators
      for the empirical treatment of selected patients, several points, such as the use
      of less potent antistaphylococcal beta-lactams, the same all-cause mortality, and
      the higher probability of thrombocytopenia, should be taken into account and may
      limit the use of linezolid to specific patient populations or infections that are
      difficult to treat with other antibiotics.

PMID- 18156090
TI  - "The future ain't what it used to be".

PMID- 18156091
TI  - Magnification labels for stand magnifiers: always misleading and usually
      unachievable.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Stand magnifiers (SMs) are traditionally labeled with F/4 or (F/4) +
      1 magnification. This study addresses whether SMs are configured so that the
      assumptions associated with the labeled magnification can be realized. METHODS:
      Three catalogs were examined to obtain the type of magnification label used for
      each of 66 different SMs. Image locations were acquired from published tables
      compiled by independent investigators when available. Otherwise, they were taken
      from manufacturer-provided information in the catalogs. The image location was
      used to determine how many magnifiers could be used in a manner that fulfills the
      assumptions underlying the labeled magnification. RESULTS: For F/4 magnification,
      the page is assumed to be at the focal point of the SM and the image at infinity.
      No SMs met this condition. (F/4) + 1 magnification assumes the magnifier is close
      to the eye and the image is at 25 cm. Only 18% of the SMs have a 25 cm image
      distance. CONCLUSION: Most SMs do not have image locations that meet the
      conditions underlying the marked magnification. The current labeling system is
      inaccurate, misleading, and inefficient for clinicians. Magnification labels on
      SMs should be replaced with markings that include equivalent power, enlargement
      ratio, and image location.

PMID- 18156092
TI  - Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury: a
      retrospective analysis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Oculomotor dysfunctions are among the most common abnormalities found
      in the brain-injured population. The purpose of the current study was to
      determine retrospectively the effectiveness of conventional optometric vision
      therapy for oculomotor disorders of vergence and version in a sample of
      ambulatory, visually symptomatic, predominantly adult outpatients who had either
      mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) or cerebrovascular accident (CVA). METHODS: A
      computer-based query for acquired brain injury patients examined between the
      years of 2000 and 2003 was conducted in our clinic. This yielded 160 individuals
      with mild TBI and 60 with CVA. Of these patients, only those for whom vision
      therapy was prescribed and who completed an optometric vision therapy program for
      remediation of their oculomotor dysfunctions were selected. This included 33 with
      TBI and 7 with CVA. The criterion for treatment success was denoted by
      marked/total improvement in at least 1 primary symptom and at least 1 primary
      sign. RESULTS: Ninety percent of those with TBI and 100% of those with CVA were
      deemed to have treatment success. These improvements remained stable at retesting
      2 to 3 months later. CONCLUSION: Nearly all patients in the current clinic sample
      exhibited either complete or marked reduction in their oculomotor-based symptoms
      and improvement in related clinical signs, with maintenance of the symptom
      reduction and sign improvements at the 2- to 3-month follow-up. These findings
      show the efficacy of optometric vision therapy for a range of oculomotor
      abnormalities in the primarily adult, mild brain-injured population. Furthermore,
      it shows considerable residual neural plasticity despite the presence of
      documented brain injury.

PMID- 18156093
TI  - Contact lenses purchased over the internet place individuals potentially at risk
      for harmful eye care practices.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Individuals are increasingly purchasing contact lenses over the
      Internet. No studies exist regarding Internet purchase of contact lenses and eye
      care health practices. METHODS: One hundred fifty-one college students were
      surveyed regarding contact lenses purchase category (doctor's office, store,
      Internet). Pearson chi-square analyses compared purchase category with responses
      regarding U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations for purchasing
      contact lenses online. Analysis of variance compared contact lenses purchase
      category with the Time Pressure Scale (TPS). Also, correlation analyses compared
      the TPS with Internet eye-health statements. RESULTS: Contact lens purchase
      categories included doctor's office (43.0%), store (55.0%), and Internet (22.5%),
      with individuals purchasing at multiple venues. With regard to the FDA
      recommendations, those who purchased contact lenses at a doctor's office more
      often adhered to the recommendations, whereas those who purchased contact lenses
      at a store or the Internet did so less often. Those who purchased contact lenses
      over the Internet had significantly higher TPS scores. In addition, higher TPS
      scores were significantly correlated with various statements regarding the
      Internet. CONCLUSIONS: Those who purchase contact lenses via the Internet or
      store do not follow a number of FDA contact lenses recommendations. Also, those
      with higher TPS scores trust possible non-evidence-based contact lenses Internet
      information. Implications with regard to the Fairness to Contact Lens Consumers
      Act are discussed.

PMID- 18156094
TI  - The effects of cell phone use on peripheral vision.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cell phone use and its distraction on a person's cognitive ability to
      assess information from a complex visual task, such as driving, have been
      demonstrated. Does talking on a cell phone cause a decrease in visual field
      awareness? METHODS: Goldmann visual fields were measured twice, with and without
      a cell phone conversation taking place. A College of Optometrists in Vision
      Development quality-of-life questionnaire (COVD-QOL) was administered to identify
      visually related symptoms. RESULTS: Forty subjects (21 women and 19 men) aged 22
      to 71 (mean age, 39.9 years) participated in the study. Significant overall
      constriction between the visual field isopters plotted during cell phone use,
      when compared with no cell phone use, was shown. Analysis of individuals with
      visual symptoms (COVD-QOL score of 20 or greater), were compared with those
      without visual symptoms (<20 on COVD-QOL). Both groups showed significant visual
      field constriction with cell phone use. The percentage of constriction was not
      significantly different between the 2 groups. Subjects with visual symptoms
      initially measured a more constricted visual field than did the nonvisual symptom
      group. The percentage of constriction of the nonvisual symptom group, while using
      a cell phone, was almost identical to the visual field constriction of the visual
      symptom group without cell phone use. CONCLUSION: Cell phone conversations tend
      to artificially constrict the peripheral awareness as measured by a visual field.
      This suggests that cell phone use while driving can decrease the perceptual
      visual field, making the driver less aware of the surroundings and more
      susceptible to accident.

PMID- 18156095
TI  - Efficiency of automation and electronic health records in optometric practice.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Health information technology (HIT) consists of technological
      advancements in health care instrumentation, integration, and documentation. It
      is now beginning to reach a level of consistency, and its benefits are being
      realized in clinical practice. Comparisons between paper and digital
      documentation have been conducted in various specialties. There have also been
      studies comparing manual and automated documentation. Our study was designed to
      compare the overall benefit of an electronic health record (EHR) and clinical
      automation accompanied with HIT advancements to traditional modes of practice
      within the Optometry Clinic at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. PATIENTS AND
      METHODS: All processes and procedures used in the study were equivalent to those
      used in patient visits common to most optometric practices. They included patient
      check-in, pretesting by an ophthalmic technician, and a comprehensive eye
      examination by an optometrist. In addition to the quantitative time measurements
      for these procedures, the frequency of certain events was recorded to ascertain
      the value of automation versus conventional methods of patient management,
      testing, treatment, and documentation. RESULTS: Although no process time showed
      any statistically significant difference, some trends were evident. There was a
      trend toward increased efficiency in the automated group during "Doctor
      Examination" and "Total Time" subsections. Also, there was a trend toward
      decreased efficiency with the automated group during the "Check-In" section.
      CONCLUSIONS: Automation and EHR technology will likely improve over time and
      surpass the medical efficiency of conventional modes of care. It is impressive
      that the early stage of HIT used in this study showed no detraction from clinical
      efficiency while potentially offering many patient, provider, and administrative
      benefits.

PMID- 18156096
TI  - Methodologic ramifications of paying attention to sex and gender differences in
      clinical research.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Methodologic standards for studies on sex and gender differences
      should be developed to improve reporting of studies and facilitate their
      inclusion in systematic reviews. The essence of these studies lies within the
      concept of effect modification. OBJECTIVE: This article reviews important
      methodologic issues in the design and reporting of pharmacogenetic studies.
      RESULTS: Differences in effect based on sex or gender should preferably be
      expressed in absolute terms (risk differences) to facilitate clinical decisions
      on treatment. Information on the distribution of potential effect modifiers or
      prognostic factors should be available to prevent a biased comparison of
      differences in effect between genotypes. Other considerations included the
      possibility of selective nonavailability of biomaterial and the choice of a
      statistical model to study effect modification. CONCLUSION: To ensure high study
      quality, additional methodologic issues should be taken into account when
      designing and reporting studies on sex and gender differences.

PMID- 18156097
TI  - Gender, a significant factor in the cross talk between genes, environment, and
      health.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although men and women share most genetic information, they have
      significantly different disease susceptibilities that go well beyond the expected
      gender-specific diseases. Sex influences the risk of nearly all common diseases
      that affect both men and women, including atherosclerosis and diabetes and their
      preceding risk factors (eg, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and obesity).
      OBJECTIVE: The goal of this article was to examine the interplay between genes,
      gender, and disease susceptibility, and assess it in the context of the added
      complexity of environmental factors (ie, dietary habits, smoking, alcohol
      consumption) in the modulation of the balance between health and disease.
      METHODS: Original and review articles published by the author were reexamined for
      evidence of gene-gender interactions. RESULTS: Evidence from some key factors in
      lipid metabolism (apolipoprotein E [APOE])and obesity (perilipin [PLIN])
      indicates that the interplay between genes, gender, and environmental factors
      modulates disease susceptibility. In the Framingham Heart Study, complex
      interactions have been shown between a promoter polymorphism at the
      apolipoprotein A1 gene, gender, and dietary poly-unsaturated fatty acid intake
      that modulate plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
      Likewise, highly and clinically relevant interactions have been observed between
      the APOE gene common alleles APOE2 , APOE3, and APOE4 , gender, and smoking that
      determine cardiovascular disease risk. Most interesting is the gender-dependent
      association between common polymorphisms at the PLIN locus and obesity risk that
      has been replicated in several populations around the world. CONCLUSIONS: These
      data support the idea that gender-specific differences in morbidity and mortality
      may be mediated in part by genetic factors and by their differential response to
      the environment. The new knowledge generated by a more careful and complete
      elucidation of the complex interactions predisposing to common diseases will
      result in an increased ability to provide successful personalized behavioral
      recommendations to prevent chronic disorders.

PMID- 18156098
TI  - A tool for developing gender research in medicine: examples from the medical
      literature on work life.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Interest is growing both in implementing a gender perspective in
      medical research and in developing gender research. However, few models exist
      that can help researchers who want to develop gender research. OBJECTIVES: The
      objectives of this article were to analyze gender research compared with
      sex/gender blind research as well as with research on sex/gender differences in
      work-life research, and to propose a tool that can be used by researchers who
      want to develop gender research. METHODS: Using the PubMed database, the search
      period for the main analyses covered January 1, 2000, to November 1, 2006. In the
      first of 2 searches, the search criteria were English language and the term
      unemployment. In the second search, the criteria used were English language and 3
      combinations of search terms: (1) underemploy or employ and (fixed-term or types
      or temporary or atypical or precarious or casual); (2) labor market and
      (attachment or core periphery or trajectory); and (3) job and (flexibility or
      casual). RESULTS: The number of articles about women and gender in unemployment
      research that are available in PubMed steadily increased during the 1990s. The
      proposed model could be regarded as a tool that by necessity is simplified. The
      tool should not be interpreted as if all research fulfills all the
      characteristics in the model; rather, the tool illustrates the potentials with
      gender research. Whereas gender research questions the dominating epistemology of
      medicine (eg, through challenging biological determinism), the other 2 research
      traditions are often performed within the dominating medical paradigm. Gender is
      an analytic category, and structural analyses of gender relations are central in
      medical gender research, whereas sex/gender is often analyzed as a variable on
      the individual level in other research. Masculinity research constitutes a
      dynamic part of gender research. However, in other research, men as well as women
      are often analyzed as one of several variables. Through questioning the existing
      field of knowledge, gender research, with its base in power analyses and
      theoretical development, can provide new and different knowledge about men and
      women. In gender research, there has been an increasing awareness of the need for
      vigilance to avoid exaggerating differences (both biological and sociocultural)
      between men and women. Thus, the risk of essentialism (ie, the tendency to regard
      differences between men and women as constant, pervasive, and unchangeable) is
      lower than in other research. CONCLUSION: A model has been suggested that may be
      used to implement gender research. This tool needs continuous development through
      active dialogue between gender researchers.

PMID- 18156099
TI  - Gender differences in asthma development and progression.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that has a higher
      prevalence in boys than in girls before puberty and a higher prevalence in women
      than in men in adulthood. Because of the complexity of the disease, no single
      straightforward mechanism can explain the gender differences found in asthma.
      OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the effects of sex on the development and outcome
      of atopy and asthma. METHODS: English-language articles were identified by a
      PubMed database search from 1980 to 2007 using the terms asthma, gender, sex,
      hormones, and lung development. RESULTS: It is likely that hormonal changes and
      genetic susceptibility both contribute to the change in prevalence that occurs
      about the time of puberty. Severe asthma is also more predominant in females. In
      adulthood, women are more susceptible to the effects of smoking and more likely
      to develop asthma. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to determine whether asthma is a
      social, cultural, hormonal, and/or genetic issue. A number of topics on gender
      differences in asthma development and progression require additional research.
      For example, the interaction of fetal lung development and hormonal factors needs
      to be studied because it has consequences throughout life. Genetic studies of
      asthma should be stratified by sex, because some polymorphisms are particularly
      related to asthma in females. Further studies should be conducted on hormone-gene
      interactions (eg, X-chromosome genes) in relation to asthma and atopy. In
      addition, cellular hormonal influences in asthma and atopy in relation to innate
      and acquired immunity in both sexes need to be examined. This would benefit
      patients not only with asthma but also with many other diseases that show gender
      differences in prevalence, severity, and treatment response. Animal models
      investigating observed gender differences in humans should focus on
      susceptibility to environmental and hormonal factors in relation to lung and
      immune development. Differences in treatment response in asthma need to be
      examined as well. Double-blind studies need to be stratified by sex, and
      treatment responses in females and males should be investigated separately.
      Furthermore, interaction between gender and behavioral change in relation to
      asthma development and management should be studied.

PMID- 18156100
TI  - Integrating a gender dimension into osteoporosis and fracture risk research.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Sex (referring to the strict biological sense) and gender (referring
      to the sociocultural dimension) are major determinants of health and disease.
      OBJECTIVE: This review examines similarities and differences between the sexes in
      the prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures, bone- and fall-related risk factors
      for incident fractures, and the possibilities of fracture prevention, as well as
      gender differences in the perception of osteoporosis. METHODS: We reviewed recent
      English-language publications on sex and gender differences in the context of
      osteoporosis and fracture risk. We refer to several reviews that provide
      extensive reference lists on the topics discussed. RESULTS: The incidence of
      fractures is higher in boys than in girls. The burden of fractures in adults
      increases with age, and it starts earlier and is higher in adult women than in
      adult men. With life expectancy increasing, the annual number of fractures is
      likely to increase substantially. Fractures in adults contribute to increased
      mortality (more in men than in women), increased morbidity (equal in men and
      women), and high costs (greater for women than for men). Adult men experience
      fewer fractures than women do. Men build larger bones with better
      microarchitecture while they are growing and thereafter have less increase in
      bone remodeling. Furthermore, they develop bone loss at a later age. Compared
      with their female counterparts, fewer older men are hypogonadic, and life
      expectancy is shorter for men than for women. There are multiple reasons for the
      differences in the incidences of fractures between men and women, related to the
      many factors associated with both bone and falls that influence fracture risk
      from the molecular and cellular level to the organ level. Sex hormones play a
      central and essential role in the physiology of bone by direct and indirect
      mechanisms (eg, by interfering with the growth hormone and insulin-like growth
      factor-1 axis). Case-finding strategies to identify patients at highest risk for
      fractures, including bone densitometry and clinical risk factors, are much better
      documented at the population level in women than in men. Drug therapies that
      reduce the risk of a broad spectrum of fractures, even in the short term, are
      more clearly demonstrated in randomized controlled studies in women than in men.
      Drug therapy is more widely available for women with osteoporosis,but it is
      rarely given to men with osteoporosis. Differences in the perception of
      osteoporosis between men and women are even less well documented. CONCLUSIONS: In
      general, osteoporosis is underdiagnosed and undertreated in women but even more
      so in men, and is related to limits in the patient's and the physician's
      awareness at all clinical stages, from case finding to compliance with and
      persistence of therapy. Furthermore, the lay perception of a healthy lifestyle,
      the level of social isolation, networking within the health care system, and
      opportunities for screening appear to contribute to gender differences in
      participating in osteoporosis prevention and therapy. These aspects of health
      care deserve further attention and research.

PMID- 18156101
TI  - Gender aspects of the role of the metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for
      cardiovascular disease.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The interaction of the risk factors of abdominal obesity, disturbed
      glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia, and hypertension is believed to represent a
      distinct entity, termed the metabolic syndrome (MetS), that leads to a greater
      increase in cardiovascular risk than does the sum of its components. OBJECTIVE:
      We reviewed currently available information regarding gender differences in the
      role of the MetS as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS:
      Using the search terms women, men, sex, gender, sex differences, and gender
      differences in combination with the metabolic syndrome, we conducted a systematic
      review of the available literature on sex differences in the MetS. The National
      Institutes of Health, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases were searched retrospectively
      from 2007 to 1987. Reference lists of identified articles were also used as a
      source, and articles were not restricted to the English language. RESULTS: In
      recent years, the MetS has been more prevalent in men than in women but has risen
      particularly in young women, where it is mainly driven by obesity. Diagnostic
      criteria for the MetS vary for the cutoff points and definition of its components
      in a gender-specific manner. Based on the definition of impaired glucose
      homeostasis and pathologic abdominal circumference or waist/hip ratio, more or
      fewer women are included. Glucose and lipid metabolism are directly modulated by
      estrogen and testosterone, with a lack of estrogen or a relative increase in
      testosterone inducing insulin resistance and a proatherogenic lipid profile.
      Hypertension is a strong risk factor in both sexes, but the prevalence of
      hypertension increases more rapidly in aging women than in men. Menopause and
      polycystic ovary syndrome contribute to the development of MetS by the direct
      effects of sex hormones. Some components of the MetS (eg, diabetes and
      hypertension) carry a greater risk for CVD in women. CONCLUSIONS: Future gender
      related clinical and research activities should focus on the identification of
      sex- and gender-specific criteria for risk management in patients with the MetS.
      We propose small, focused, mechanistic studies on sex-specific surrogate end
      points and sex-specific studies in animal models for diabetes and aging.

PMID- 18156102
TI  - Anxiety disorders: sex differences in prevalence, degree, and background, but
      gender-neutral treatment.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders are more prevalent among women than among men.
      OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to investigate to what degree current
      psychological theories and treatment of anxiety disorders incorporate sex and
      gender considerations. METHODS: Relevant English, Dutch, German, or French
      empirical articles published until November 2006 were identified using the
      PsycINFO and PubMed databases as well as manual searches. The following search
      terms were used: anxiety disorders and sex differences, anxiety disorders and
      gender, anxiety disorders and women, anxiety disorders and men; combinations of
      these terms were used with prevalence, phenotypes, treatment, and therapy. In
      addition to all the aforementioned combinations, we replaced anxiety disorders
      with agoraphobia, panic disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, obsessive
      compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorder, and
      generalized anxiety disorder. RESULTS: Whereas widespread attention has been paid
      to sex differences in the prevalence of anxiety disorders and their possible
      origins, scant attention has been given to these differences in terms of
      treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders might be
      more effective if the available knowledge about sex and gender specificity was
      implemented. Concomitantly, treatment effect studies could be improved by greater
      consideration of sex and gender throughout the research process. More fundamental
      research is needed regarding the relationship between sex, gender, and anxiety
      disorders, particularly in association with other mental disorders that have an
      unequal prevalence between the sexes.

PMID- 18156103
TI  - Bringing gender expertise to biomedical and health-related research.

PMID- 18156104
TI  - Integrating the dimensions of sex and gender into basic life sciences research:
      methodologic and ethical issues.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The research process -- from study design and selecting a species and
      its husbandry, through the experiment, analysis, peer review, and publication --
      is rarely subject to questions about sex or gender differences in mainstream life
      sciences research. However, the impact of sex and gender on these processes is
      important in explaining biological variations and presentation of symptoms and
      diseases. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to challenge assumptions and to develop
      opportunities to mainstream sex and gender in basic scientific research. METHODS:
      Questions about the mechanisms of sex and gender effects were reviewed in
      relation to biological, environmental, social, and psychological interactions.
      Gender variations, in respect to aging, socializing, and reproduction, that are
      present in human populations but are rarely featured in laboratory research were
      considered to more effectively translate animal research into clinical health
      care. RESULTS: Methodologic approaches to address the present lack of a gender
      dimension in research include actively reducing variations through attention to
      physical factors, biological rhythms, and experimental design. In addition,
      through genomic and acute nongenomic activity, hormones may compound effects
      through multiple small sex differences that occur during the course of an acute
      pathologic event. Furthermore, the many exogenous sex steroid hormones and their
      congeners used in medicine (eg, in contraception and cancer therapies) may add to
      these effects. CONCLUSIONS: The studies reviewed provide evidence that sex and
      gender are determinants of many outcomes in life science research. To embed the
      gender dimension into basic scientific research, a broad approach -- gender
      mainstreaming -- is warranted. One example is the use of review boards (eg,
      animal ethical review boards and journal peer-review boards) in which gender
      related standardized questions can be asked about study design and analysis. A
      more fundamental approach is to question the relevance of present-day laboratory
      models to design methods to best represent the age-related changes, comorbidity,
      and variations experienced by each sex in clinical medicine.

PMID- 18156105
TI  - Sexually dimorphic gene expression in mammalian somatic tissue.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The sexually dimorphic differentiation of the bipotential gonad into
      testis or ovary initiates the sexually dimorphic development of mammals and leads
      to divergent hormone concentrations between the sexes throughout life. However,
      despite the fact that anatomic and hormonal differences between the sexes are
      well described, only a few studies have investigated the manifestation of these
      differences at the transcriptional level in mammalian somatic tissue. OBJECTIVE:
      This review focuses on basic regulatory mechanisms of sex-specific gene
      expression and examines recent gene expression profiling studies to outline basic
      differences between the sexes at the transcriptome level in somatic tissues.
      METHODS: To identify gene expression profiling studies addressing sexually
      dimorphic gene expression, the PubMed database was searched using the terms sex
      and dimorp and gene expression not drosophila not elegans. Abstracts of all
      identified publications were screened for studies explicitly using microarrays to
      identify sex differences in somatic tissues of rodents or humans. The search was
      restricted to English-language articles published in the past 5 years. Reference
      lists of identified articles as well as microarray databases (Gene Expression
      Omnibus and ArrayExpress) were also used. RESULTS: The application of microarray
      technology has enabled the systematic assessment of sex-biased gene expression on
      the transcriptome level, indicating that the regulatory pathways underlying
      sexual differentiation give rise to extensive differences in somatic gene
      expression across organisms. CONCLUSION: Sustainable annotation of sex-biased
      gene expression provides a key to understanding basic physiological differences
      between healthy males and females as well as those with diseases.

PMID- 18156106
TI  - Methodologic and ethical ramifications of sex and gender differences in public
      health research.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Experience and investigative studies have shown that inequalities
      still exist between the sexes as well as in how public health policies and
      strategies approach the needs of the sexes. Sufficient attention has not been
      given to gender in public health research. Gender-based differences and
      similarities need to be promoted, and more structured guidelines are needed to
      build gender into public health research models. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this
      review was to investigate and discuss public health research and to answer
      several related questions on gender biases, ethics and methodologies, and the
      establishment of guidelines. METHODS: Using the search terms public health
      research and gender , or ethics , gender , and public health, a literature search
      was conducted predominately with, but not limited to, the PubMed database.
      English- or German-language articles were identified that examined the current
      status of gender in public health research as well as any relevant ethical
      guidelines. RESULTS: A review of the current literature showed that much work has
      been undertaken to promote the inclusion of gender in health research. However,
      deficiencies in the extent of gender-oriented research have been found in a
      number of key areas, including ethics committees and public health research
      methodology. Women were found to be underrepresented in ethics committees, which
      lack clear guidance, particularly in the European Union, to ensure the inclusion
      of gender issues in public health research. Data are often not sex disaggregated,
      and information on gender and social circumstances are frequently lacking.
      Furthermore, some methodologies, such as those used in the field of occupational
      health, underestimate men's or women's burden of disease. CONCLUSIONS:
      Recommendations include establishing guidelines for researchers on how to
      incorporate gender in health research, ensuring that the composition of ethics
      committees is more representative of society, and recommending that data
      collection systems or bodies ensure that data are disaggregated by sex and
      include socioeconomic aspects.

PMID- 18156107
TI  - The cost-effectiveness of alendronate in the management of osteoporosis.
AB  - The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the UK has
      recently issued health economic appraisals for the primary and secondary
      prevention of osteoporotic fracture that are more restrictive than previous
      guidelines for the management of osteoporosis despite a marked reduction of the
      cost of intervention. The aim of the present study was to examine the cost
      effectiveness of the bisphosphonate, alendronate for the prevention and treatment
      of fractures associated with osteoporosis. A second aim was to investigate
      reasons for any disparities in cost-effectiveness between our findings and the
      NICE appraisals. We compared the effects of alendronate 70 mg weekly by mouth for
      5 years with no treatment in postmenopausal women with clinical risk factors for
      fracture and computed the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) using a
      lifetime simulation model based on Markov cohort methodology. A sensitivity
      analysis examined other common interventions. Using a threshold of pound sterling
      30,000 and pound sterling 20,000 per quality of life-year (QALY) gained to
      determine cost-effectiveness, alendronate was cost-effective for the primary
      prevention of fracture in women with osteoporosis irrespective of age as was
      treatment of women with a prior fragility fracture irrespective of BMD. Cost
      effective scenarios were also found in women with strong risk factors for
      fracture with a bone mineral density value above the threshold for osteoporosis.
      The results were robust over reasonable assumptions in sensitivity analysis. We
      conclude that alendronate is a cost-effective agent for the prevention and
      treatment of fractures associated with osteoporosis. These findings, suitable for
      informing practice guidance, contrast with recent appraisals from NICE.

PMID- 18156108
TI  - [Surgical oncology by minimal access].

PMID- 18156109
TI  - [A new model of metastatic dissemination of breast cancer bringing into play
      mesenchymal stem cells].

PMID- 18156110
TI  - [Ethical and epistemologic aspects of laparoscopy in surgery and carcinologic
      surgery].
AB  - The first endoscopic gall-bladder ablation was performed in France, twenty years
      ago. NOTES (natural orifices transluminal endoscopic surgery) is a new step
      towards surgery leaving no scar. Is surgery's paradigm changing now ? This short
      study will focus on the epistemologic and ethical changes which have been
      generated by the increasing use of endoscopic techniques in visceral and
      carcinologic surgery. These changes will certainly imply, in the near future,
      other deep evolutions in the speciality organization.

PMID- 18156111
TI  - [Peritoneum and laparoscopic environment].
AB  - Laparoscopic surgery takes place in a closed environment, the peritoneal cavity
      distended by the pneumoperitoneum whose parameters, such as pressure,
      composition, humidity and temperature of the gas, may be changed and adapted to
      influence the intra and postoperative surgical processes. Such changes were
      impossible in the "open" environment. This review includes recent data on
      peritoneal physiology, which are relevant for surgeons, and on the effects of the
      pneumoperitoneum on the peritoneal membrane. The ability to work in a new
      surgical environment, which may be adapted to each situation, opens a new era in
      endoscopic surgery. Using nebulizers, the pneumoperitoneum may become a new way
      to administer intraoperative treatments. Most of the current data on the
      consequences of the pneumoperitoneum were obtained using poor animal models so
      that it remains difficult to estimate the progresses, which will be brought to
      the operative theater by this new concept. However this revolution will likely be
      used by thoracic or cardiac surgeon who are also working in a serosa. This
      approach may even appear essential to all the surgeons who are using endoscopy in
      a retroperitoneal space such as urologists or endocrine surgeons.

PMID- 18156112
TI  - [Colon cancer and laparoscopy: state of the art in 2007].
AB  - From 2002 to 2007, the scientific validation of laparoscopic colectomy for colon
      cancer favorably evolved. The advantages awaited on the short term outcome were
      confirmed although that they are limited. The integration of the laparoscopy in
      multimodal protocols of rehabilitation must be evaluated. In parallel, tangible
      evidence of oncologic safety, integral of the long-term results, was brought now.
      The impact of training and experience as well as volume of patients were
      described and are important. At the time of validation of this technique by the
      medical communities, stress should be laid on the teaching accompanying a broad
      diffusion.

PMID- 18156113
TI  - [Treatment of rectal cancer by laparoscopie].
AB  - Initiated later than for colon cancer, the evaluation of the use of laparoscopy
      in rectal cancer is still ongoing. Data on its feasibility and clinical tolerance
      are available. Evaluation has been based on better vision of total mesorectal
      excision down to the pelvic floor with laparoscopy. Laparoscopy may be
      recommended as standard practice except in the case of T4 tumours, recurrences
      and after certain former colorectal procedures. The conversion rate decreases
      with the acquisition of experience and should reach a figure below 15 %. The main
      causes are haemorrhages or high tumoral volume. Operating time is longer but this
      difference also decreases with experience. Blood loss is no different for the two
      techniques for identical tumoural stages. Mortality (< 3,5%) and morbidity (22 to
      48 %) are also equivalent. The surgical quality of laparoscopic TEM has been
      contested by the Clasicc Trial data which showed a slight and non significant
      trend towards greater spreading of the circumferential margin for laparoscopy
      taking into account the fact that most of the surgeons were at the beginning of
      their learning curves. There was no differences in the number of lymphatic nodes
      retrieved. It seems that short term functional results are better with
      laparoscopy (bowel movements, duration of hospitalisation). Although better
      dissection of the hypogastric nerves was expected, worse sexual outcomes were
      reported thus highlighting the risk of supraradical resection. In the next few
      years, data from the Color II study should definitively confirm the equivalence
      or otherwise of laparoscopy to laparotomy in the treatment of rectal cancer.

PMID- 18156114
TI  - [Laparoscopic surgery and gynaecological cancers].
AB  - The use of laparoscopic staging and/or surgery in the field of gynaecological
      oncology was pioneered in the late 80's and the first reports were published in
      the early 90's. The issue has been initially most controversial, and is still
      debated, with some justification considering the possible adverse consequences of
      surgical mismanagement of gynaecologic malignancy. Since then, a number of papers
      have confirmed the absence of significant adverse effects on survival after
      laparoscopic diagnosis or surgery in gynaecological cancers. New developments
      cover virtually all the basic techniques in cancer surgery, including major
      exenterative surgery. The use of extraperitoneal technique for aortic dissections
      is emerging as a new tool. New indications, such as radical vaginal trachelectomy
      (Dargent operation), radical parametrectomy, pelvic sentinel node identification,
      decisional laparoscopy in adnexal malignancies, or the use of pretherapeutic
      surgical staging of uterine cancers, have been developed in direct relation with
      the use of laparoscopic techniques. Worldwide interest clearly demonstrates that
      laparoscopic techniques must now be part of the armamentarium of the gynaecologic
      oncologist. Postoperative morbidity and recurrence risk do not seem to be
      affected. Cost-efficiency of laparoscopic procedures is based on the reduction of
      hospital stay and recovery time, particularly in obese patients. Combined
      training in gynaecologic oncology and in laparoscopic and/or vaginal surgery is
      more than ever mandatory to reduce the operating time, which is becoming similar
      to laparotomy in experiences hands, and avoid the risk of inadequate staging or
      management of pelvic malignancies.

PMID- 18156115
TI  - [Laparoscopy in the treatment of urologic cancers].
AB  - Laparoscopy in the treatment of urologic cancers. Over the past 20 years,
      laparoscopy has established its place in the treatment of urologic cancers.
      Beginning with pelvic (ilio-obturator) lymph node dissection and nephrectomy soon
      thereafter, the application of laparoscopy quickly expanded to include
      adrenalectomy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer, and
      later, radical prostatectomy and cystectomy. Currently, the oncologic results of
      laparoscopy are comparable to those of open surgery. The functional results, with
      laparoscopic nephrectomy in particular, have continued to improve over the past
      20 years. At this time, there is no oncologic contra indication for laparoscopy
      in the field of urology.

PMID- 18156116
TI  - [Laparoscopic surgery and robot].
AB  - Twenty years ago, laparoscopic surgery entirely changed the traditional style of
      surgical operations. However, it was difficult to perform some interventions,
      particularly in restricted space or if acts of reconstruction are necessary. It
      was necessary to develop new technologies such robotic surgery. We detail the
      different technologies and we precise the place of the robotic surgery in
      oncological surgery. In conclusion, we believe that, in the near future as
      robotic technology continues to develop, it could replace traditional surgery not
      only in the treatment of benign diseases but also in malignant illnesses.

PMID- 18156117
TI  - [Transoral laser resection for head and neck cancers].
AB  - Transoral laser surgery has become a therapeutic option and even a standard for
      certain tumors of the larynx and pharynx. The postoperative course after this
      type of minimally invasive surgery has been shown to be significantly simpler,
      with less need for temporary tracheotomy and enteral feeding. For selected tumors
      amenable to this approach, the oncologic results have been shown to be equivalent
      to those obtained by classic external approaches. Transoral laser surgery
      requires specific equipment and training of the surgeon, the anaesthesiologist,
      the operating room team and the pathologist. Despite this specificity, but
      because of the simplified postoperative course, transoral laser surgery has
      already supplanted several external approaches and will in the future probably
      replace other techniques, as experience with the technique increases and the
      indications evolve.

PMID- 18156118
TI  - [Minimally-invasive surgery in cancer children].
AB  - Minimally-invasive surgery, or video-assisted surgery, includes laparoscopy,
      retroperitoneoscopy and thoracoscopy, can be used for diagnosis (biopsies) and
      treatment (resections) in various malignant solid tumours in children. Potential
      advantages of MIS techniques include a decreased parietal trauma (cosmetic
      benefit, bowel adhesions) and less postoperative discomfort (postoperative pain,
      analgesics requirement, postoperative ileus, length of hospital stay). Main
      indications of MIS techniques are represented by diagnostic biopsies (mediastinal
      or lung tumors, retroperitoneal extrarenal masses), resection of the primary
      tumor in thoracic and abdominal neuroblastic tumors and in post-treatment
      residual mass in lymphoma.

PMID- 18156119
TI  - [Frontiers in interventional endoscopy].
AB  - Digestive endoscopy, including endoscopic ultrasound, plays actually an important
      role in oncology concerning early diagnosis, tumor staging, and therapeutic
      procedures. Indeed, improvement of endoscope and dedicated accessories allow to
      increase applications of therapeutic endoscopy in oncologic indications :
      curative resection of early carcinoma ant submucosa tumor ; palliative treatment
      of tumoral bilio-digestive obstruction. Possibilities to resect sessile or flat
      polyps allow to treat curatively well-differentiated carcinoma without
      infiltration of the muscularis mucosae, the risk of lymph nodes invasion being
      null in this cases. In case of invasion of muscularis mucosae, this risk is
      inferior to 1% for colorectal cancer when submucosal invasion do not exceed 1000
      microm but this risk is between 6 and 22% in case of oeso-gastric carcinoma
      invading the third part of the submucosa. Mortality of endoscopic resection was
      null in almost published series. Morbidity was 15-20% for colorectal resection
      with 5-6% of severe complications and up to 23% after oesophageal tumor ablation.
      Moreover, improvement of echoendoscope dedicated to therapeutic procedures allow
      from now to achieve non-anatomic pancreatic or biliary drainage through the
      gastric wall when the retrograde route is not suitable (whipple resection,
      duodenal stricture) or when drainage of the left hepatic lobe is difficult via
      the retrograde approach. The aim of this technique is to realize an anastomosis
      between the left hepatic duct and the stomach. Permanence of this fistula is
      ensured by insertion of one or two stent. Efficacy and safety of this procedure
      were recently retrospectively evaluated with a technical success in 91% of cases.
      Therapeutic endoscopy made many progress during the last years and development of
      new generation of endoscope and accessories would allow a real endoluminal
      surgical approach for superficial tumor, bilio-digestive anastomosis or gastro
      enteroanastomosis by example.

PMID- 18156120
TI  - [Surveillance Bulletin 2007. Guidelines for clinical practice: management of
      patients with malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary. First line medical
      treatment].

PMID- 18156121
TI  - [Translational research and Cancer Plan].
AB  - The French Cancer Plan 2003-2007 has made translational research central to its
      research programme, to ensure the care-research continuum and the quickest
      application possible for the most recent discoveries, for the patients' benefit.
      This is a new field of research, still little-known or ill-understood. A working
      group, composed of physicians and researchers from academic research and
      industrial research, sought to define translational research in cancerology and
      define the issues at stake in it. Translational research needs to develop in
      close connection with the patients in order to enable a bi-directional flow of
      knowledge from cognitive research toward medical applications and from
      observations made on patients toward cognitive research. Placed under the aegis
      of the French National Cancer Institute and Leem Research, the group has put
      forth a strategy for implementing translational research in cancerology in France
      to make it attractive, competitive and efficient and to foster the development of
      public-private partnerships.

PMID- 18156124
TI  - Friction between solids.
AB  - The theoretical examination of the friction between solids is discussed with a
      focus on self-assembled monolayers, carbon-containing materials and antiwear
      additives. Important findings are illustrated by describing examples where
      simulations have complemented experimental work by providing a deeper
      understanding of the molecular origins of friction. Most of the work discussed
      herein makes use of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Of course,
      classical MD is not the only theoretical tool available to study friction. In
      view of that, a brief review of the early models of friction is also given. It
      should be noted that some topics related to the friction between solids, i.e.
      theory of electronic friction, are not discussed here but will be discussed in a
      subsequent review.

PMID- 18156123
TI  - The 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in England and Wales: spatial patterns in
      transmissibility and mortality impact.
AB  - Spatial variations in disease patterns of the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic remain
      poorly studied. We explored the association between influenza death rates,
      transmissibility and several geographical and demographic indicators for the
      autumn and winter waves of the 1918-1919 pandemic in cities, towns and rural
      areas of England and Wales. Average measures of transmissibility, estimated by
      the reproduction number, ranged between 1.3 and 1.9, depending on model
      assumptions and pandemic wave and showed little spatial variation. Death rates
      varied markedly with urbanization, with 30-40% higher rates in cities and towns
      compared with rural areas. In addition, death rates varied with population size
      across rural settings, where low population areas fared worse. By contrast, we
      found no association between transmissibility, death rates and indicators of
      population density and residential crowding. Further studies of the geographical
      mortality patterns associated with the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic may be useful
      for pandemic planning.

PMID- 18156125
TI  - Using surface force apparatus, diffusion and velocimetry to measure slip lengths.
AB  - Determining the slip lengths for liquids flowing close to smooth walls is
      challenging. The reason lies in the fact that the scales that must be addressed
      range between a few and hundreds of nanometres. Several techniques have been used
      over the last few years. Here, we consider three of them based on surface force
      apparatus, diffusion and velocimetry, respectively. The descriptions offered here
      incorporate recent instrumental progress made in the field.

PMID- 18156126
TI  - Nanotribology, nanomechanics and nanomaterials characterization.
AB  - Nanotribology and nanomechanics studies are needed to develop fundamental
      understanding of interfacial phenomena on a small scale and to study interfacial
      phenomena in magnetic storage devices, nanotechnology and other applications.
      Friction and wear of lightly loaded micro/nanocomponents are highly dependent on
      the surface interactions (a few atomic layers). These structures are generally
      coated with molecularly thin films. Nanotribology and nanomechanics studies are
      also valuable in the fundamental understanding of interfacial phenomena in
      macrostructures and provide a bridge between science and engineering. An atomic
      force microscope (AFM) tip is used to simulate a single-asperity contact with a
      solid or lubricated surface. AFMs are used to study the various tribological
      phenomena that include surface roughness, adhesion, friction, scratching, wear
      and boundary lubrication. In situ surface characterization of local deformation
      of materials and thin coatings can be carried out using a tensile stage inside an
      AFM. Mechanical properties such as hardness, Young's modulus of elasticity and
      creep/relaxation behaviour can be determined on micro- to picoscales using a
      depth-sensing indentation system in an AFM.

PMID- 18156127
TI  - Principles of atomic friction: from sticking atoms to superlubric sliding.
AB  - Tribology-the science of friction, wear and lubrication-is of great importance
      for all technical applications where moving bodies are in contact. Nonetheless,
      little progress has been made in finding an exact atomistic description of
      friction since Amontons proposed his empirical macroscopic laws over three
      centuries ago. The advent of new experimental tools such as the friction force
      microscope, however, enabled the investigation of frictional forces occurring at
      well-defined contacts down to the atomic scale. This research field has been
      established as nanotribology. In the present article, we review our current
      understanding of the principles of atomic-scale friction based on recent
      experiments using friction force microscopy.

PMID- 18156128
TI  - Nanoscale friction and wear maps.
AB  - Friction and wear are part and parcel of all walks of life, and for interfaces
      that are in close or near contact, tribology and mechanics are supremely
      important. They can critically influence the efficient functioning of devices and
      components. Nanoscale friction force follows a complex nonlinear dependence on
      multiple, often interdependent, interfacial and material properties. Various
      studies indicate that nanoscale devices may behave in ways that cannot be
      predicted from their larger counterparts. Nanoscale friction and wear mapping can
      help identify some 'sweet spots' that would give ultralow friction and near-zero
      wear. Mapping nanoscale friction and wear as a function of operating conditions
      and interface properties is a valuable tool and has the potential to impact the
      very way in which we design and select materials for nanotechnology applications.

PMID- 18156129
TI  - Using light to study boundary lubrication: spectroscopic study of confined
      fluids.
AB  - Several instrumental developments to examine the spectroscopic response of
      molecularly thin fluids confined between mica sheets are described. They are
      predicated on using a redesigned surface forces apparatus where dielectric
      coatings, transparent to light at needed optical wavelengths, retain the ability
      to measure interferometric thickness at other optical wavelengths. Examples of
      recent measurements are presented using confocal laser Raman spectroscopy to
      evaluate how molecules orient as well as to perform chemical imaging. Other
      examples are presented using confocal fluorescence recovery after photobleaching
      to evaluate translational diffusion of confined polymer melts. The advantage of
      separating the mechanical average (force and friction) from direct information
      about structure and mobility at the molecular level is stressed.

PMID- 18156130
TI  - Adhesion mechanisms at soft polymer interfaces.
AB  - Based on several significant examples, we analyse the adhesion mechanisms at soft
      polymer interfaces with a special emphasis first on the role of connector
      molecules, that is, polymer chains bound to the interface and which transmit
      stress through a stretching and extraction mechanism, and second on the necessary
      relay that must be taken by additional dissipation mechanisms acting at larger
      scales if one wants to reach typical fracture toughnesses in the range of a few
      10 J m(-2). Examples of such bulk dissipation mechanisms will be discussed for
      interfaces between polymer melts and for pressure-sensitive adhesives in contact
      with a solid surface. We shall particularly point out the fact that the level of
      adhesion results from a competition between adhesive failure usually driven by
      both the interactions and the friction properties of the interface and bulk
      strong deformations which take place in the bulk of the adhesive layer.
      Controlling the friction properties of the interface then becomes a tool to
      finely tune adhesive properties.

PMID- 18156131
TI  - Preface: tribology - the science and technology of interacting surfaces in
      relative motion and of their related subjects and practices.

PMID- 18156132
TI  - Defense-related signaling by interaction of arabinogalactan proteins and beta
      glucosyl Yariv reagent inhibits gibberellin signaling in barley aleurone cells.
AB  - Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins present at
      the plasma membrane and in extracellular spaces. A synthetic chemical, beta
      glucosyl Yariv reagent (beta-GlcY), binds specifically to AGPs. We previously
      reported that gibberellin signaling is specifically inhibited by beta-GlcY
      treatment in barley aleurone protoplasts. In the present study, we found that
      beta-GlcY also inhibited gibberellin-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in
      aleurone cells. We examined the universality and specificity of the inhibitory
      effect of beta-GlcY on gibberellin signaling using microarray analysis and found
      that beta-GlcY was largely effective in repressing gibberellin-induced gene
      expression. In addition, >100 genes were up-regulated by beta-GlcY in a
      gibberellin-independent manner, and many of these were categorized as defense
      related genes. Defense signaling triggered by several defense system inducers
      such as jasmonic acid and a chitin elicitor could inhibit gibberellin-inducible
      events such as alpha-amylase secretion, PCD and expression of some gibberellin
      inducible genes in aleurone cells. Furthermore, beta-GlcY repressed the
      gibberellin-inducible Ca2+-ATPase gene which is important for gibberellin
      dependent gene expression, and induced known repressors of gibberellin signaling,
      two WRKY genes and a NAK kinase gene. These effects of beta-GlcY were also
      phenocopied by the chitin elicitor and/or jasmonic acid. These results indicate
      that gibberellin signaling is under the regulation of defense-related signaling
      in aleurone cells. It is also probable that AGPs are involved in the perception
      of stimuli causing defense responses.

PMID- 18156133
TI  - The FLX gene of Arabidopsis is required for FRI-dependent activation of FLC
      expression.
AB  - The Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) gene encodes a MADS box protein that acts
      as a dose-dependent repressor of flowering. Mutants and ecotypes with elevated
      expression of FLC are late flowering and vernalization responsive. In this study
      we describe an early flowering mutant in the C24 ecotype, flc expressor (flx),
      that has reduced expression of FLC. FLX encodes a protein of unknown function
      with putative leucine zipper domains. FLX is required for FRIGIDA (FRI)-mediated
      activation of FLC but not for activation of FLC in autonomous pathway mutants.
      FLX is also required for expression of the FLC paralogs MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING
      1 (MAF1) and MAF2.

PMID- 18156134
TI  - Modulation of the phagosome proteome by interferon-gamma.
AB  - Macrophages are immune cells that function in the clearance of infectious
      particles. This process involves the engulfment of microbes into phagosomes where
      these particles are lysed and degraded. In the current study, we used a large
      scale quantitative proteomics approach to analyze the changes in protein
      abundance induced on phagosomes by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), an inflammatory
      cytokine that activates macrophages. Our analysis identified 167 IFN-gamma
      modulated proteins on phagosomes of which more than 90% were up-regulated. The
      list of phagosomal proteins regulated by IFN-gamma includes proteins expected to
      alter phagosome maturation, enhance microbe degradation, trigger the macrophage
      immune response, and promote antigen loading on major histocompatibility complex
      (MHC) class I molecules. A dynamic analysis of IFN-gamma-sensitive proteins by
      Western blot indicated that newly formed phagosomes display a delayed proteolytic
      activity coupled to an increased recruitment of the MHC class I peptide-loading
      complex. These phagosomal conditions may favor antigen presentation by MHC class
      I molecules on IFN-gamma-activated macrophages.

PMID- 18156136
TI  - Back to the future: coronary CT angiography using prospective ECG triggering.
AB  - This editorial refers to Feasibility of low dose coronary CT angiography: first
      experience with prospective ECG gating by L. Husmann et al., on page 191.

PMID- 18156135
TI  - Characterization of anaerobic catabolism of p-coumarate in Rhodopseudomonas
      palustris by integrating transcriptomics and quantitative proteomics.
AB  - In this study, the pathway for anaerobic catabolism of p-coumarate by a model
      bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, was characterized by comparing the gene
      expression profiles of cultures grown in the presence of p-coumarate, benzoate,
      or succinate as the sole carbon sources. Gene expression was quantified at the
      mRNA level with transcriptomics and at the protein level with quantitative
      proteomics using (15)N metabolic labeling. Protein relative abundances, along
      with their confidence intervals for statistical significance evaluation, were
      estimated with the software ProRata. Both -omics measurements were used as the
      transcriptomics provided near-full genome coverage of gene expression profiles
      and the quantitative proteomics ascertained abundance changes of over 1600
      proteins. The integrated gene expression data are consistent with the hypothesis
      that p-coumarate is converted to benzoyl-CoA, which is then degraded via a known
      aromatic ring reduction pathway. For the metabolism of p-coumarate to benzoyl
      CoA, two alternative routes, a beta-oxidation route and a non-beta-oxidation
      route, are possible. The integrated gene expression data provided strong support
      for the non-beta-oxidation route in R. palustris. A putative gene was proposed
      for every step in the non-beta-oxidation route.

PMID- 18156137
TI  - Myeloperoxidase, but not C-reactive protein, predicts cardiovascular risk in
      peripheral arterial disease.
AB  - AIMS: The prognostic role of inflammation in peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
      remains to be conclusively established. Accordingly, in these patients we
      investigated the impact of myeloperoxidase (MPOx) and C-reactive protein on the
      incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of 156 PAD
      patients, 10 had a myocardial infarction and seven a stroke, during follow-up. We
      used the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and the bootstrap
      approach to identify the MPOx, C-reactive protein, and ankle brachial index (ABI)
      threshold levels that provided the best cut-off to predict the outcome. For MPOx
      a cut-off > or =183.7 pM was independently associated with a poor outcome (HR =
      6.80, 95% CI 1.20-38.69, P = 0.031). The result remained unmodified when MPOx was
      used as a continuous variable (HR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05, P = 0.031).
      Conversely, C-reactive protein was not a prognostic determinant in our series (HR
      = 0.88, 95% CI 0.60-1.29, P = 0.514). Kaplan-Meier curves for the four groups of
      patients delineated according to ABI and MPOx values identified using the
      bootstrap approach showed that the addition of MPOx measurement to ABI improved
      the ability to identify patients at risk for myocardial infarction and stroke.
      CONCLUSION: In PAD, MPOx, but not C-reactive protein, predicts an increased risk
      of major cardiovascular events, and adds to the prognostic value of ABI,
      currently the most powerful prognostic indicator in these patients.

PMID- 18156138
TI  - Peri-coronary epicardial adipose tissue is related to cardiovascular risk factors
      and coronary artery calcification in post-menopausal women.
AB  - AIMS: To determine whether peri-coronary epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is
      associated with vascular risk factors and coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS AND
      RESULTS: In this study, 573 healthy post-menopausal women underwent a cardiac CT
      scan to assess coronary calcification. Peri-coronary EAT thickness was measured
      in the areas of right coronary artery (RCA), left anterior descending (LAD)
      artery, and left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery. Average EAT thickness was 16.5
      +/- 4.3 mm (range 5.9-34.6) in the RCA area, 6.4 +/- 2.2 mm (range 2.0-14.0) in
      the LAD area, and 10.8 +/- 3.0 mm (range 2.8-29.1) in the LCX area. Overall
      average thickness was 11.2 +/- 2.2 mm (range 5.4-19.1). EAT was positively
      related to age (P = 0.002). In age-adjusted linear regression models, EAT was
      positively related to weight (P< 0.001), waist circumference (P< 0.001), waist-to
      hip ratio (P< 0.001), body mass index (P< 0.001), glucose (P< 0.001),
      triglycerides (P = 0.001), use of anti-hypertensive drugs (P = 0.007), and
      systolic blood pressure (P = 0.034), and inversely to HDL cholesterol (P =
      0.005). In multivariable models, age, weight, waist circumference, smoking, and
      glucose were the main determinants of EAT. EAT showed a graded relation with
      coronary calcification (P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: EAT is strongly related to
      vascular risk factors and coronary calcification. Our findings support the
      hypothesis that EAT affects coronary atherosclerosis and possibly coronary risk.

PMID- 18156139
TI  - Non-invasive detection and quantification of acute myocardial infarction in
      rabbits using mono-[123I]iodohypericin microSPECT.
AB  - AIMS: Mono-[(123)I]iodohypericin ([(123)I]MIH) has been reported to have high
      avidity for necrosis. In the present study, by using rabbit models of acute
      myocardial infarction, we explored the suitability of [(123)I]MIH micro single
      photon emission computed tomography (microSPECT) for non-invasive visualization
      of myocardial infarcts in comparison with [(13)N]ammonia micro positron emission
      tomography (microPET) imaging, postmortem histomorphometry, and [(123)I]MIH
      autoradiography. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fourteen rabbits were divided into four
      groups. The left circumflex coronary artery was permanently occluded in group A
      (n = 3), reperfused by releasing the ligature after 15 min in group B (n = 3) or
      90 min in group C (n = 6), or not occluded in group D (n = 2). Animals received
      [(13)N]ammonia microPET perfusion imaging 18 h after infarct induction followed
      by microSPECT imaging at 2-3.5, 9-11, and 22-24 h post injection (p.i.) of
      [(123)I]MIH. The cardiac images were assembled into polar maps for assessment of
      tracer uptake. Animals were sacrificed and the excised heart was sliced for
      autoradiography, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, and haematoxylin-eosin staining.
      Using [(123)I]MIH microSPECT, infarcts were well delineated at 9 h p.i. Mean
      microSPECT infarct size was 38.8 and 32.7% of left ventricular area for groups A
      and C, respectively, whereas group B showed low uptake of [(123)I]MIH. Highest
      mean infarct/viable tissue activity ratio of 61/1 was obtained by autoradiography
      in group C animals at 24 h p.i. CONCLUSION: The study indicates the suitability
      of [(123)I]MIH for in vivo visualization of myocardial infarcts.

PMID- 18156140
TI  - Enhanced functional response of CD133+ circulating progenitor cells in patients
      early after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - AIMS: Circulating progenitor cells (PC) may contribute to myocardial recovery
      following infarction. Growth factors including VEGF are produced during ischaemia
      and stimulate PC release and activation. In this study, we focused on the
      functional chemotactic response of PC to VEGF in subjects early after myocardial
      ischaemia. METHODS AND RESULTS: Number and phenotype of PC were characterized
      using flow-cytometry. CD133(+)PC were isolated from peripheral blood using
      positive MACS isolation. The chemotactic response towards members of the VEGF
      family (VEGF-A, PlGF-1, and VEGF-E) was analysed in three groups: (i) early
      period following acute myocardial infarction (days 2-4) treated with primary PCI
      (AMI) (n = 35), (ii) stable coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 35), and (iii)
      controls (CTR) (n = 20). CD133(+)PC number was 2-fold higher in AMI when compared
      with CAD and CTR (P = 0.0001), whereas CAD was not different from CTR. The
      chemotactic response of CD133(+)PC to VEGF-A, PlGF-1, and VEGF-E was
      significantly enhanced (2-fold) in AMI when compared with CAD (P = 0.0001). While
      the increase of the VEGFR-1-mediated/PlGF-triggered response was rapid (2 days
      following infarction), the VEGFR-2-mediated/VEGF-E-triggered response was
      maximally increased on day 4 post-AMI, thus correlating with the kinetics of
      maximal inflammatory activation reflected by increased CRP levels (P = 0.019).
      CONCLUSION: The enhanced chemotactic response of CD133(+)PC following myocardial
      infarction represents a novel principle potentially involved in cardiovascular
      repair early after myocardial infarction. Acute inflammatory processes are
      closely associated with this increased cellular function.

PMID- 18156142
TI  - Prolonged control of progressive castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer
      with testosterone replacement therapy: the case for a prospective trial.

PMID- 18156141
TI  - Differential effects of black versus green tea on risk of Parkinson's disease in
      the Singapore Chinese Health Study.
AB  - Data from Asian populations on dietary and lifestyle factors associated with
      Parkinson's disease are sparse. In 1993-2005, the authors examined these factors
      in relation to Parkinson's disease in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a
      prospective cohort of 63,257 Chinese men and women. Baseline data were collected
      through in-person interviews using structured questionnaires. All 157 incident
      Parkinson's disease cases were identified either through follow-up interviews or
      via linkage with hospital discharge databases and Parkinson's disease outpatient
      registries and were confirmed by review of medical records. Current versus never
      smokers exhibited a reduced risk of Parkinson's disease (relative risk = 0.29,
      95% confidence interval: 0.16, 0.52). Total caffeine intake was inversely related
      to Parkinson's disease risk (p for trend = 0.002); the relative risk for the
      highest versus lowest quartile was 0.55 (95% confidence interval: 0.35, 0.88).
      Black tea, a caffeine-containing beverage, showed an inverse association with
      Parkinson's disease risk that was not confounded by total caffeine intake or
      tobacco smoking (p for trend = 0.0006; adjusted relative risk for the highest vs.
      lowest tertile of intake = 0.29, 95% confidence interval: 0.13, 0.67). Green tea
      drinking was unrelated to Parkinson's disease risk. Diet had no strong influence
      on risk. Ingredients of black tea other than caffeine appear to be responsible
      for the beverage's inverse association with Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 18156143
TI  - Low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: a retrospective analysis of
      97 patients by the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HeCOG).
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim was to examine characteristics and treatment results of
      patients with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
      PATIENTS AND METHODS: Epidemiological and clinical features of 97 patients with
      MALT lymphoma from the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group registry were analysed
      retrospectively for their prognostic significance in progression-free survival
      (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Comparisons were made between patients with
      gastric and nongastric sites of primary lymphoma and between different
      therapeutic modalities. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients presented with gastric and
      32 with nongastric lymphomas. The most frequent locations of nongastric lymphomas
      were the bowel, lung and parotid. Gastric lymphomas occurred more frequently in
      males and younger patients compared with nongastric lymphomas. Seventy-four per
      cent of patients had early (Ann Arbor stages I-II) and 26% had advanced (stages
      III-IV) disease. The median PFS for the entire population was 44 months. At 5
      years, 47% of patients were progression free and the OS rate was 80%. The most
      reliable prognostic factor for PFS and OS was the Ann Arbor stage; 5-year PFS was
      67% versus 13% and 5-year OS 91% versus 51% for patients with early versus
      advanced disease, respectively (P < 0.001). Of the patients treated with
      chemotherapy only, 87% achieved an objective response and 71% complete response.
      Surgery did not offer survival benefit compared with chemotherapy in localised
      gastric lymphoma. CONCLUSION: MALT lymphomas represent a distinct disease entity
      with widespread extranodal origin, indolent clinical course and high
      chemosensitivity. Ann Arbor stage was the most reliable prognostic and predictive
      factor.

PMID- 18156144
TI  - Phase II study of pemetrexed in combination with carboplatin in patients with
      malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM).
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and toxicity of
      pemetrexed and carboplatin combination as first-line chemotherapy in malignant
      pleural mesothelioma (MPM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with measurable
      advanced MPM and a zero to two Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)
      performance status (PS) were enrolled. The schedule was pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) in
      combination with carboplatin area under the curve 5, every 21 days. In all, 76
      patients were treated. Median age was 65 years; median ECOG PS was zero. RESULTS:
      Grade 3 hematological toxicity according to World Health Organization criteria
      was seen in 36 (47.3%) patients; grade 4 hematological toxicity in 5 (6.5%)
      patients. There were 16 (21%) partial responses and 3 (4%) complete responses,
      for an overall response rate of 19 (25%) [95% confidence interval (CI) 15.3
      34.7]. In all, 29 (39%) (95% CI 28-48) patients reported stable disease. The
      median survival was estimated at 14 months. CONCLUSION: This combination of
      carboplatin and pemetrexed is moderately active and the toxicity is acceptable.

PMID- 18156146
TI  - 'Imagine all that smoke in their lungs': parents' perceptions of young children's
      tolerance of tobacco smoke.
AB  - Despite knowing the risks to their children's health, parents continue to expose
      their children to tobacco smoke prior to and after their birth. This study
      explores the factors influencing parent's behaviour in preventing the exposure of
      their (unborn) children to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and any changes to
      their smoking behaviour in the home during the first years of their children's
      lives. Whether or not they stopped smoking during pregnancy, the women did not
      protect themselves from breathing in other people's smoke. Yet once the baby was
      born, parents actively protected the baby from environmental tobacco, believing
      that the lungs of newborn babies were too immature to tolerate smoke. This
      protection lasted only for a matter of weeks for some babies, or stopped when
      they were 6-12 months old, linked to their parent's belief that older babies
      could tolerate or avoid smoke. These findings suggest that changes made to
      smoking during the first weeks of a baby's life are unlikely to be sustained, and
      key messages about the risks if ETS exposure need to be delivered repeatedly over
      the first 2 years of life and re-enforced as the child gets older.

PMID- 18156147
TI  - Appreciation and implementation of a school-based intervention are associated
      with changes in fruit and vegetable intake in 10- to 13-year old schoolchildren-
      the Pro Children study.
AB  - The purpose was to investigate the degree of implementation and appreciation of a
      comprehensive school-randomized fruit and vegetable intervention program and to
      what extent these factors were associated with changes in reported fruit and
      vegetable intake. The study was conducted among 10- to 13-year old children
      exposed to the intervention during the school year 2003-04 in Norway, Spain and
      the Netherlands. Children, parents and teachers completed questionnaires
      regarding (i) the implementation of the school curriculum, (ii) parental
      involvement, (iii) distribution of fruit and vegetables at school, (iv)
      children's appreciation of the project and (v) children's intake levels.
      Univariate analyses of covariance and multilevel multivariate regression analyses
      indicated that teacher-reported level of implementation of the school curriculum
      and schoolchildren's appreciation of the project were important determinants of
      changes in intake. The results point to the importance of optimal implementation
      of an attractive school curriculum.

PMID- 18156148
TI  - Social comparison and body image in adolescence: a grounded theory approach.
AB  - This study explored the use of social comparison appraisals in adolescents' lives
      with particular reference to enhancement appraisals which can be used to counter
      threats to the self. Social comparison theory has been increasingly used in
      quantitative research to understand the processes through which societal messages
      about appearance influence adolescents' body image. Little is known about the
      comparison processes used in their daily lives-to whom individuals compare (the
      target), on what individuals compare (the attribute) and how they compare
      (comparison appraisal). Based on the analysis of 20 in-depth grounded theory
      interviews with 12- to 14-year old boys and girls, we suggest that comparison
      processes are used for the purpose of identity development (core category). Given
      the opportunity, adolescents spontaneously describe a variety of targets,
      comparison attributes and comparison appraisals. Peers play an important part in
      making sense of media images and messages and provide comparison targets
      themselves. Adolescents are aware of societal standards and pressures and use a
      range of enhancement appraisals. The positive impact of these might depend on
      individual characteristics. Findings suggest that enhancement appraisals might
      have a protective function and should be considered in designing health promotion
      and prevention programmes.

PMID- 18156145
TI  - Nonadditive effects of PAHs on Early Vertebrate Development: mechanisms and
      implications for risk assessment.
AB  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental
      contaminants. Traditionally, much of the research has focused on the carcinogenic
      potential of specific PAHs, such as benzo(a)pyrene, but recent studies using
      sensitive fish models have shown that exposure to PAHs alters normal fish
      development. Some PAHs can induce a teratogenic phenotype similar to that caused
      by planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, such as dioxin. Consequently,
      mechanism of action is often equated between the two classes of compounds. Unlike
      dioxins, however, the developmental toxicity of PAH mixtures is not necessarily
      additive. This is likely related to their multiple mechanisms of toxicity and
      their rapid biotransformation by CYP1 enzymes to metabolites with a wide array of
      structures and potential toxicities. This has important implications for risk
      assessment and management as the current approach for complex mixtures of PAHs
      usually assumes concentration addition. In this review we discuss our current
      knowledge of teratogenicity caused by single PAH compounds and by mixtures and
      the importance of these latest findings for adequately assessing risk of PAHs to
      humans and wildlife. Throughout, we place particular emphasis on research on the
      early life stages of fish, which has proven to be a sensitive and rapid
      developmental model to elucidate effects of hydrocarbon mixtures.

PMID- 18156149
TI  - LPS-activated monocytes suppress T-cell immune responses and induce FOXP3+ T
      cells through a COX-2-PGE2-dependent mechanism.
AB  - Monocytes initiate innate immune responses and interact with T cells to induce
      antigen-specific immune responses by antigen presentation and secretion of
      humoral factors. We have previously shown that adaptive regulatory T cells
      inhibit T-cell effector functions in a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-prostaglandin E(2)
      (PGE(2))-dependent manner and that PGE(2) converts resting CD4+CD25- T cells into
      FOXP3+ T cells with a suppressive phenotype. Here, we demonstrate that
      stimulation of monocytes with LPS leads to suppression of T-cell immune responses
      by a COX-2-PGE(2)-dependent mechanism that is reversible with COX-2 inhibitors as
      well as PGE(2)-neutralizing antibody and cAMP antagonist. Furthermore, we show
      that LPS-activated monocytes induce FOXP3 expression in resting CD4+CD25- T cells
      by the same pathway. These results suggest that monocytes are able to efficiently
      suppress T-cell immune responses in a regulatory manner and elicit an inhibitory
      immune profile.

PMID- 18156150
TI  - Auto-antibodies, HLA and PTPN22: susceptibility markers for rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyse the relationship between the presence of auto-antibodies
      [rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP)], HLA
      DRB1 alleles and PTPN22 1858 C/T polymorphism and test the value of their
      combination as susceptibility markers for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS:
      Patients with early arthritis were included. At entry in the cohort or during
      follow-up, 191 patients fulfilled the criteria for RA and 184 individuals
      suffered from other arthropathies. RF was measured by nephelometry and anti-CCP
      antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HLA class II alleles were
      determined by polymerase chain reaction. Samples were genotyped for PTPN22
      1858C/T variants using a TaqMan 5'-allele discrimination assay. RESULTS: The
      presence of shared epitope (SE) alleles was strongly associated with anti-CCP and
      RF-positive RA [P = 7.05 x 10(-10), odds ratio (OR) 4.57, 95% confidence interval
      (CI) 2.76-7.57 and P = 1.68 x 10(-6), OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.89-4.74, respectively).
      The combination of the PTPN22 1858T variant and anti-CCP antibodies gave a high
      specificity for the disease, and was significantly associated with RA (P = 8.86 x
      10(-5), OR 10.05, 95% CI 1.88-53.73). CONCLUSION: The combination of the T
      variant of the 1858 polymorphism of the PTPN22 gene in combination with the
      presence of anti-CCP antibodies, preferentially in a SE-positive individual, is
      associated with the development of RA.

PMID- 18156151
TI  - Complete heart block after infliximab therapy.

PMID- 18156152
TI  - Arterial elasticity: asset or liability?

PMID- 18156153
TI  - Chromosomal profiles of gene expression in Huntington's disease.
AB  - Recent studies suggested that Huntington's disease is due to aberrant
      interactions between mutant huntingtin protein, transcription factors and
      transcriptional co-activators resulting in widespread transcriptional
      dysregulation. Mutant huntingtin also interacts with histone acetyltransferases,
      consequently interfering with the acetylation and deacetylation states of
      histones. Because histone modifications and chromatin structure coordinate the
      expression of gene clusters, we have applied a novel mathematical approach,
      Chromowave, to analyse microarray datasets of brain tissue and whole blood to
      understand how genomic regions are altered by the effects of mutated huntingtin
      on chromatin structure. Results show that, in samples of caudate and whole blood
      from Huntington's disease patients, transcription is indeed deregulated in large
      genomic regions in coordinated fashion, that transcription in these regions is
      associated with disease progression and that altered chromosomal clusters in the
      two tissues are remarkably similar. These findings support the notion of a common
      genome-wide mechanism of disruption of RNA transcription in the brain and
      periphery of Huntington's disease patients.

PMID- 18156154
TI  - Robot-based hand motor therapy after stroke.
AB  - Robots can improve motor status after stroke with certain advantages, but there
      has been less emphasis to date on robotic developments for the hand. The goal of
      this study was to determine whether a hand-wrist robot would improve motor
      function, and to evaluate the specificity of therapy effects on brain
      reorganization. Subjects with chronic stroke producing moderate right arm/hand
      weakness received 3 weeks therapy that emphasized intense active movement
      repetition as well as attention, speed, force, precision and timing, and included
      virtual reality games. Subjects initiated hand movements. If necessary, the robot
      completed movements, a feature available at all visits for seven of the subjects
      and at the latter half of visits for six of the subjects. Significant behavioural
      gains were found at end of treatment, for example, in Action Research Arm Test
      (34 +/- 20 to 38 +/- 19, P< 0.0005) and arm motor Fugl-Meyer score (45 +/- 10 to
      52 +/- 10, P < 0.0001). Results suggest greater gains for subjects receiving
      robotic assistance in all sessions as compared to those receiving robotic
      assistance in half of sessions. The grasp task practiced during robotic therapy,
      when performed during functional MRI, showed increased sensorimotor cortex
      activation across the period of therapy, while a non-practiced task,
      supination/pronation, did not. A robot-based therapy showed improvements in hand
      motor function after chronic stroke. Reorganization of motor maps during the
      current therapy was task-specific, a finding useful when considering
      generalization of rehabilitation therapy.

PMID- 18156155
TI  - Anti-inflammatory mechanism of intravascular neural stem cell transplantation in
      haemorrhagic stroke.
AB  - Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been investigated as a means to
      reconstitute the damaged brain after stroke. In this study, however, we
      investigated the effect on acute cerebral and peripheral inflammation after
      intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). NSCs (H1 clone) from fetal human brain were
      injected intravenously (NSCs-iv, 5 million cells) or intracerebrally (NSCs-ic, 1
      million cells) at 2 or 24 h after collagenase-induced ICH in a rat model. Only
      NSCs-iv-2 h resulted in fewer initial neurologic deteriorations and reduced brain
      oedema formation, inflammatory infiltrations (OX-42, myeloperoxidase) and
      apoptosis (activated caspase-3, TUNEL) compared to the vehicle-injected control
      animals. Rat neurosphere-iv-2 h, but not human fibroblast-iv-2 h, also reduced
      the brain oedema and the initial neurologic deficits. Human NSCs-iv-2 h also
      attenuated both cerebral and splenic activations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha
      (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB).
      However, we observed only a few stem cells in brain sections of the NSCs-iv-2 h
      group; in the main, they were detected in marginal zone of spleens. To
      investigate whether NSCs interact with spleen to reduce cerebral inflammation, we
      performed a splenectomy prior to ICH induction, which eliminated the effect of
      NSCs-iv-2 h transplantation on brain water content and inflammatory
      infiltrations. NSCs also inhibited in vitro macrophage activations after
      lipopolysaccharide stimulation in a cell-to-cell contact dependent manner. In
      summary, early intravenous NSC injection displayed anti-inflammatory
      functionality that promoted neuroprotection, mainly by interrupting splenic
      inflammatory responses after ICH.

PMID- 18156156
TI  - The blood-brain barrier induces differentiation of migrating monocytes into Th17
      polarizing dendritic cells.
AB  - Trafficking of antigen-presenting cells into the CNS is essential for lymphocyte
      reactivation within the CNS compartment. Although perivascular dendritic cells
      found in inflammatory lesions are reported to polarize naive CD4+ T lymphocytes
      into interleukin-17-secreting-cells, the origin of those antigen-presenting cells
      remains controversial. We demonstrate that a subset of CD14+ monocytes migrate
      across the inflamed human blood-brain barrier (BBB) and differentiate into
      CD83+CD209+ dendritic cells under the influence of BBB-secreted transforming
      growth factor-beta and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. We also
      demonstrate that these dendritic cells secrete interleukin-12p70, transforming
      growth factor-beta and interleukin-6 and promote the proliferation and expansion
      of distinct populations of interferon-gamma-secreting Th1 and interleukin-17
      secreting Th17 CD4+ T lymphocytes. We further confirmed the abundance of such
      dendritic cells in situ, closely associated with microvascular BBB-endothelial
      cells within acute multiple sclerosis lesions, as well as a significant number of
      CD4+ interleukin-17+ T lymphocytes in the perivascular infiltrate. Our data
      support the notion that functional perivascular myeloid CNS dendritic cells arise
      as a consequence of migration of CD14+ monocytes across the human BBB, through
      the concerted actions of BBB-secreted transforming growth factor-beta and
      granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

PMID- 18156157
TI  - Point mutations in a distant sonic hedgehog cis-regulator generate a variable
      regulatory output responsible for preaxial polydactyly.
AB  - Precise spatial and temporal control of developmental genes is crucial during
      embryogenesis. Regulatory mutations that cause the misexpression of key
      developmental genes may underlie a number of developmental abnormalities. The
      congenital abnormality preaxial polydactyly, extra digits, is an example of this
      novel class of mutations and is caused by ectopic expression of the signalling
      molecule Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) in the developing limb bud. Mutations in the long
      distant, limb-specific cis-regulator for SHH, called the ZRS, are responsible for
      the ectopic expression which underlies the abnormality. Here, we show that
      populations of domestic cats which manifest extra digits, including the
      celebrated polydactylous Hemingway's cats, also contain mutations within the ZRS.
      The polydactylous cats add significantly to the number of mutations previously
      reported in mouse and human and to date, all are single nucleotide substitutions.
      A mouse transgenic assay shows that these single nucleotide substitutions operate
      as gain-of-function mutations that activate Shh expression at an ectopic
      embryonic site; and that the sequence context of the mutation is responsible for
      a variable regulatory output. The plasticity of the regulatory response
      correlates with both the phenotypic variability and with species differences. The
      polydactyly mutations define a new genetic mechanism that results in human
      congenital abnormalities and identifies a pathogenetic mechanism that may
      underlie other congenital diseases.

PMID- 18156158
TI  - Recurrent 16p11.2 microdeletions in autism.
AB  - Autism is a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic
      component, yet the identification of autism susceptibility loci remains elusive.
      We investigated 180 autism probands and 372 control subjects by array comparative
      genomic hybridization (aCGH) using a 19K whole-genome tiling path bacterial
      artificial chromosome microarray to identify submicroscopic chromosomal
      rearrangements specific to autism. We discovered a recurrent 16p11.2
      microdeletion in two probands with autism and none in controls. The deletion
      spans approximately 500-kb and is flanked by approximately 147-kb segmental
      duplications (SDs) that are >99% identical, a common characteristic of genomic
      disorders. We assessed the frequency of this new autism genomic disorder by
      screening an additional 532 probands and 465 controls by quantitative PCR and
      identified two more patients but no controls with the microdeletion, indicating a
      combined frequency of 0.6% (4/712 autism versus 0/837 controls; Fisher exact test
      P = 0.044). We confirmed all 16p11.2 deletions using fluorescence in situ
      hybridization, microsatellite analyses and aCGH, and mapped the approximate
      deletion breakpoints to the edges of the flanking SDs using a custom-designed
      high-density oligonucleotide microarray. Bioinformatic analysis localized 12 of
      the 25 genes within the microdeletion to nodes in one interaction network. We
      performed phenotype analyses and found no striking features that distinguish
      patients with the 16p11.2 microdeletion as a distinct autism subtype. Our work
      reports the first frequency, breakpoint, bioinformatic and phenotypic analyses of
      a de novo 16p11.2 microdeletion that represents one of the most common recurrent
      genomic disorders associated with autism to date.

PMID- 18156159
TI  - Clonal expansion of mutated mitochondrial DNA is associated with tumor formation
      and complex I deficiency in the benign renal oncocytoma.
AB  - Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are frequent in cancers but it is not yet
      clearly established whether they are modifier events involved in cancer
      progression or whether they are a consequence of tumorigenesis. Here we show a
      benign tumor type in which mtDNA mutations that lead to complex I (CI) enzyme
      deficiency are found in all tumors and are the only genetic alteration detected.
      Actually renal oncocytomas are homogeneous tumors characterized by dense
      accumulation of mitochondria and we had found that they are deficient in electron
      transport chain complex I (CI, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase). In this work
      total sequencing of mtDNA showed that 9/9 tumors harbored point mutations in
      mtDNA, seven in CI genes, one in complex III, and one in the control region. 7/8
      mutations were somatic. All tumors were somatically deficient for CI. The clonal
      amplification of mutated mtDNA in 8/9 tumors demonstrates that these alterations
      are selected and therefore favor or trigger growth. No nuclear DNA rearrangement
      was detected beside mtDNA defects. We hypothesize that functional deficiency of
      the oxidative phosphorylation CI could create a loop of amplification of
      mitochondria during cell division, impair substrates oxidation and increase
      intermediary metabolites availability.

PMID- 18156160
TI  - The occurrence of Brugada syndrome and isolated cardiac conductive disease in the
      same family could be due to a single SCN5A mutation or to the accidental
      association of both diseases.
AB  - AIMS: The distinct cardiac arrhythmia diseases, Brugada syndrome (BS) and
      isolated cardiac conduction disease (ICCD) are caused by heterozygous mutations
      in the SCN5A gene. Previous studies have demonstrated an intriguing association
      between ICCD and BS with the same mutation in the SCN5A gene. METHODS AND
      RESULTS: The proband of a multigenerational family presented BS and a familial
      history of sudden death. We performed clinical evaluations in family members
      including drug testing and screening for SCN5A mutations. Based on
      electrocardiogram features, we identified four individuals with BS, two with ICCD
      and one compatible with both. For five individuals, one with BS and ICCD, three
      with BS and one with ICCD, we characterized a heterozygous C- to T- mutation at
      position 4313 (P1438L) in the SCN5A gene. Expression studies of the P1438L
      mutation showed non-functional channels. The proband's father with the BS
      phenotype was not a carrier of the new SCN5A mutation. CONCLUSION: We report the
      case of a family with BS and/or ICCD and describe a novel mutation, the P1438L
      SCN5A mutation. In this family, the occurrence of BS and ICCD could be due to
      this single mutation but also to the accidental association of both diseases.

PMID- 18156161
TI  - Has donor prioritization of HIV/AIDS displaced aid for other health issues?
AB  - Advocates for many developing-world health and population issues have expressed
      concern that the high level of donor attention to HIV/AIDS is displacing funding
      for their own concerns. Even organizations dedicated to HIV/AIDS prevention and
      treatment have raised this issue. However, the issue of donor displacement has
      not been evaluated empirically. This paper attempts to do so by considering donor
      funding for four historically prominent health agendas--HIV/AIDS, population,
      health sector development and infectious disease control--over the years 1992 to
      2005. The paper employs funding data from the Organization for Economic
      Cooperation and Development's (OECD) Development Assistance Committee,
      supplemented by data from other sources. Several trends indicate possible
      displacement effects, including HIV/AIDS' rapidly growing share of total health
      aid, a concurrent global stagnation in population aid, the priority HIV/AIDS
      control receives in US funding, and HIV/AIDS aid levels in several sub-Saharan
      African states that approximate or exceed the entirety of their national health
      budgets. On the other hand, aggregate donor funding for health and population
      quadrupled between 1992 and 2005, allowing for funding growth for some health
      issues even as HIV/AIDS acquired an increasingly prominent place in donor health
      agendas. Overall, the evidence indicates that displacement is likely occurring,
      but that aggregate increases in global health aid may have mitigated some of the
      crowding-out effects.

PMID- 18156162
TI  - Islet1 cardiovascular progenitors: a single source for heart lineages?
AB  - The creation of regenerative stem cell therapies for heart disease requires that
      we understand the molecular mechanisms that govern the fates and differentiation
      of the diverse muscle and non-muscle cell lineages of the heart. Recently,
      different cardiac cell types have been reported to arise from a common,
      multipotent Islet1 (Isl1)-positive progenitor, suggesting that a clonal model of
      heart lineage diversification might occur that is analogous to hematopoiesis. The
      ability to isolate, renew and differentiate Isl1(+) precursors from postnatal and
      embryonic hearts and from embryonic stem cells provides a powerful cell-based
      system for characterizing the signaling pathways that control cardiovascular
      progenitor formation, renewal, lineage specification and conversion to specific
      differentiated progeny.

PMID- 18156163
TI  - Maternal-zygotic medaka mutants for fgfr1 reveal its essential role in the
      migration of the axial mesoderm but not the lateral mesoderm.
AB  - The medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) is an emerging model organism for which a
      variety of unique developmental mutants have now been generated. Our recent
      mutagenesis screening of the medaka identified headfish (hdf), a null mutant for
      fgf receptor 1 (fgfr1), which fails to develop structures in the trunk and tail.
      Despite its crucial role in early development, the functions of Fgfr1-mediated
      signaling have not yet been well characterized due to the complexity of the
      underlying ligand-receptor interactions. In our present study, we further
      elucidate the roles of this pathway in the medaka using the hdf (fgfr1) mutant.
      Because Fgfr1 is maternally supplied in fish, we first generated maternal-zygotic
      (MZ) mutants by transplanting homozygous hdf germ cells into sterile
      interspecific hybrids. Interestingly, the host hybrid fish recovered their
      fertility and produced donor-derived mutant progeny. The resulting MZ mutants
      also exhibited severe defects in their anterior head structures that are never
      observed in the corresponding zygotic mutants. A series of detailed analyses
      subsequently revealed that Fgfr1 is required for the anterior migration of the
      axial mesoderm, particularly the prechordal plate, in a cell-autonomous manner,
      but is not required for convergence movement of the lateral mesoderm.
      Furthermore, fgfr1 was found to be dispensable for initial mesoderm induction.
      The MZ hdf medaka mutant was thus found to be a valuable model system to analyze
      the precise role of fgfr1-mediated signaling in vertebrate early development.

PMID- 18156164
TI  - AML1-ETO reprograms hematopoietic cell fate by downregulating scl expression.
AB  - AML1-ETO is one of the most common chromosomal translocation products associated
      with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Patients carrying the AML1-ETO fusion gene
      exhibit an accumulation of granulocyte precursors in the bone marrow and the
      blood. Here, we describe a transgenic zebrafish line that enables inducible
      expression of the human AML1-ETO oncogene. Induced AML1-ETO expression in
      embryonic zebrafish causes a phenotype that recapitulates some aspects of human
      AML. Using this highly tractable model, we show that AML1-ETO redirects
      myeloerythroid progenitor cells that are developmentally programmed to adopt the
      erythroid cell fate into the granulocytic cell fate. This fate change is
      characterized by a loss of gata1 expression and an increase in pu.1 expression in
      myeloerythroid progenitor cells. Moreover, we identify scl as an early and
      essential mediator of the effect of AML1-ETO on hematopoietic cell fate. AML1-ETO
      quickly shuts off scl expression, and restoration of scl expression rescues the
      effects of AML1-ETO on myeloerythroid progenitor cell fate. These results
      demonstrate that scl is an important mediator of the ability of AML1-ETO to
      reprogram hematopoietic cell fate decisions, suggesting that scl may be an
      important contributor to AML1-ETO-associated leukemia. In addition, treatment of
      AML1-ETO transgenic zebrafish embryos with a histone deacetylase inhibitor,
      Trichostatin A, restores scl and gata1 expression, and ameliorates the
      accumulation of granulocytic cells caused by AML1-ETO. Thus, this zebrafish model
      facilitates in vivo dissection of AML1-ETO-mediated signaling, and will enable
      large-scale chemical screens to identify suppressors of the in vivo effects of
      AML1-ETO.

PMID- 18156165
TI  - Long-term effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus on heart rhythm in the Goto
      Kakizaki rat.
AB  - In vivo biotelemetry studies have demonstrated a variety of heart rhythm
      disturbances in type 1 diabetes mellitus. In the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced
      diabetic rat, these disturbances have included reductions in heart rate (HR) and
      heart rate variability (HRV) and an electrocardiogram that displays prolonged QRS
      duration and Q-T interval. The aim of this study was to investigate the chronic
      effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus on heart rhythm in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK)
      rat. Transmitter devices were surgically implanted in the peritoneal cavity of
      young male GK and age-matched Wistar control rats. Electrodes from the
      transmitter were arranged in Einthoven bipolar lead II configuration.
      Electrocardiogram, physical activity and body temperature data were recorded in
      rats from age 2 to 15 months. Data were acquired for 2 weeks each month. Non
      fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance and body weight were measured
      periodically. In GK rats, growth rate and maximal attained body weight were
      significantly reduced and non-fasting blood glucose was progressively increased
      compared with age-matched Wistar control animals. Heart rate was significantly
      lower in GK compared with control rats at 2, 7 and 15 months of age. At 2 months
      of age, HR was 316 +/- 6 beats min(-1) in GK rats compared with 370 +/- 7 beats
      min(-1) in Wistar control animals. There was a progressive age-dependent decline
      in HRV in Wistar control rats; however, HRV in GK rats did not alter
      significantly with age. Heart rate variability was significantly reduced in GK
      compared with Wistar control rats at 2 and 7 months. At 2 months of age, HRV was
      28 +/- 2 beats min(-1) in GK rats compared with 38 +/- 3 beats min(-1) in Wistar
      control rats. Reduced HR in GK rats may be an inherited characteristic. The
      absence of age-dependent reductions in HRV in GK rats may be a consequence of an
      underlying impairment of autonomic control which manifests at early age.

PMID- 18156166
TI  - Time-dependent changes in caspase-3 activity and heat shock protein 25 after
      spinal cord transection in adult rats.
AB  - Chronic reductions in muscle activation and loading are associated with decreased
      heat shock protein 25 (Hsp25) expression and phosphorylation (pHsp25) which, in
      turn, may contribute to elevated caspase-3-mediated muscle protein breakdown.
      Thus, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether there are any
      changes in Hsp25, pHsp25 and caspase-3 activity among rat muscles having
      different fibre type compositions and functions [soleus, adductor longus (AL),
      plantaris and tibialis anterior (TA)] at 0 (control), 1, 8 or 28 days after a
      complete spinal cord transection (ST). The Hsp25 levels were unaffected on days 1
      and 8 in all muscles, except for a significant reduction on day 8 in plantaris.
      The Hsp25 levels were lower than control values in all muscles except TA on day
      28. The pHsp25 levels were lower than control values after 8 and 28 days in
      plantaris and AL and after 28 days in soleus, but higher than control in TA after
      8 and 28 days. Caspase-3 activity was higher in ST than control rats on day 8 in
      all muscles except TA. Caspase-3 activity was negatively correlated with muscle
      mass for all muscles. In plantaris, Hsp25 and pHsp25 were negatively correlated
      with caspase-3 activity and Hsp25 was correlated with muscle mass. These
      relationships were not observed in other muscles. Thus, the effects of ST on
      Hsp25 and caspase-3 are muscle specific and time dependent, factors that should
      be considered in developing any intervention to maintain muscle mass after a
      spinal cord injury.

PMID- 18156167
TI  - Transformation of adult rat cardiac myocytes in primary culture.
AB  - We characterized the morphological, electrical and mechanical alterations of
      cardiomyocytes in long-term cell culture. Morphometric parameters, sarcomere
      length, T-tubule density, cell capacitance, L-type calcium current (I(Ca,L)),
      inward rectifier potassium current (I(K1)), cytosolic calcium transients, action
      potential and contractile parameters of adult rat ventricular myocytes were
      determined on each day of 5 days in culture. We also analysed the health of the
      myocytes using an apoptotic/necrotic viability assay. The data show that myocytes
      undergo profound morphological and functional changes during culture. We observed
      a progressive reduction in the cell area (from 2502 +/- 70 microm(2) on day 0 to
      1432 +/- 50 microm(2) on day 5), T-tubule density, systolic shortening (from 0.11
      +/- 0.02 to 0.05 +/- 0.01 microm) and amplitude of calcium transients (from 1.54
      +/- 0.19 to 0.67 +/- 0.19) over 5 days of culture. The negative force-frequency
      relationship, characteristic of rat myocardium, was maintained during the first 2
      days but diminished thereafter. Cell capacitance (from 156 +/- 8 to 105 +/- 11
      pF) and membrane currents were also reduced (I(Ca,L), from 3.98 +/- 0.39 to 2.12
      +/- 0.37 pA pF; and I(K1), from 34.34p +/- 2.31 to 18.00 +/- 5.97 pA pF(-1)). We
      observed progressive depolarization of the resting membrane potential during
      culture (from 77.3 +/- 2.5 to 34.2 +/- 5.9 mV) and, consequently, action
      potential morphology was profoundly altered as well. The results of the viability
      assays indicate that these alterations could not be attributed to either
      apoptosis or necrosis but are rather an adaptation to the culture conditions over
      time.

PMID- 18156168
TI  - Alterations in in vitro function and protein oxidation of rat sarcoplasmic
      reticulum Ca2+-ATPase during recovery from high-intensity exercise.
AB  - The hypothesis tested in this study was that the extent to which sarcoplasmic
      reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase is oxidized would correlate with a decline in its
      activity. For this purpose, changes in the SR Ca(2+)-sequestering ability and the
      contents of carbonyl and sulfhydryl groups during recovery after exercise were
      examined in the superficial portions of vastus lateralis muscles from rats
      subjected to 5 min running at an intensity corresponding to maximal oxygen uptake
      (50 m min(-1), 10% gradient). A single bout of exercise elicited a 22.4%
      reduction (P < 0.05) in SR Ca(2+)-ATPase activity. The decreased activity
      progressively reverted to normal levels during recovery after exercise, reaching
      normal levels after 60 min of recovery. This change was paralleled by a depressed
      SR Ca(2+)-uptake rate, and the proportional alteration in these two variables
      resulted in no change in the ratio of Ca(2+)-uptake rate to Ca(2+)-ATPase
      activity. The contents of SR Ca(2+)-ATPase protein and sulfhydryl groups in
      microsomes were unchanged after exercise and during recovery periods. In
      contrast, the content of carbonyl groups in SR Ca(2+)-ATPase behaved in an
      opposite manner to that of SR Ca(2+)-ATPase activity. An approximately 80%
      augmentation (P < 0.05) in the carbonyl group content occurred immediately after
      exercise. The elevated carbonyl content decreased towards normal levels during 60
      min of recovery. These results are strongly suggestive that oxidation of SR
      Ca(2+)-ATPase is responsible, at least in part, for a decay in the SR Ca(2+)
      pumping function produced by high-intensity exercise and imply that oxidized
      proteins may be repaired during recovery from exercise.

PMID- 18156169
TI  - Genetically altered animal models for Mas and angiotensin-(1-7).
AB  - Mas is the receptor for angiotensin-(1-7) and is involved in cardiovascular and
      neuronal regulation, in which the heptapeptide also plays a major role. Mas
      deficient mice have been generated by us, and their characterization has shown
      that Mas has important functions in behaviour and cardiovascular regulation.
      These mice exhibit increased anxiety but, despite an enhanced long-term
      potentiation in the hippocampus, do not perform better in learning experiments.
      When Mas-deficient mice are backcrossed to the FVB/N genetic background, a
      cardiovascular phenotype is uncovered, in that the backcrossed animals become
      hypertensive. Concordant with our detection by fluorescent in situ hybridization
      of Mas mRNA in mouse endothelium, this phenotype is caused by endothelial
      dysfunction based on a dysbalance between nitric oxide and reactive oxygen
      species in the vessel wall. In agreement with these data, transgenic
      spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats overexpressing ACE2 in the vessel
      wall exhibit reduced blood pressure as a result of improved endothelial function.
      Moreover, angiotensin-(1-7) overexpression in transgenic rats has
      cardioprotective and haemodynamic effects. In conclusion, the angiotensin-(1-7)
      Mas axis has important functional implications for vascular regulation and blood
      pressure control, particularly in pathophysiological situations.

PMID- 18156170
TI  - Origin and propagation of individual slow waves along the intact feline small
      intestine.
AB  - The pattern of propagation of slow waves in the small intestine is not clear.
      Specifically, it is not known whether propagation is determined by a single
      dominant ICC-MP (Interstitial cells of Cajal located in the Myenteric Plexus)
      pacemaker unit or whether there are multiple active pacemakers. To determine this
      pattern of propagation, waveforms were recorded simultaneously from 240
      electrodes distributed along the whole length of the intact isolated feline small
      intestine. After the experiments, the propagation patterns of successive
      individual slow waves were analysed. In the intact small intestine, there was
      only a single slow wave pacemaker unit active, and this was located at or 6-10 cm
      from the pyloric junction. From this site, slow waves propagated in the aboral
      direction at gradually decreasing velocities. The majority of slow waves (73%)
      reached the ileocaecal junction while the remaining waves were blocked. Ligation
      of the intestine at one to four locations led to: (a) decrease in the distal
      frequencies; (b) disappearance of distal propagation blocks; (c) increase in
      velocities; (d) emergence of multiple and unstable pacemaker sites; and (e)
      propagation from these sites in the aboral and oral directions. In conclusion, in
      the quiescent feline small intestine a single pacemaker unit dominates the organ,
      with occasional propagation blocks of the slow waves, thereby producing the well
      known frequency gradient.

PMID- 18156171
TI  - Bortezomib in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents for multiple
      myeloma compared with bortezomib alone.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated synergy between bortezomib and a
      number of conventional cytotoxic agents. This study examined whether or not the
      speed of the response, progression and safety from a combination treatment of
      bortezomib with common chemotherapeutic drugs is superior to bortezomib
      monotherapy. METHODS: Fifty-seven patients with relapsed, refractory multiple
      myeloma (MM) who had received at least two cycles of treatment including
      bortezomib were enrolled in this study. The median age was 56 (35-79) years and
      49.1% were male. Thirty-two patients were treated with bortezomib alone and 25
      were treated with chemotherapeutic agents that were given in combination with
      bortezomib. The monoclonal immunoglobulin (mIg) or free light chain (FLC)
      concentrations were determined in the sera before and after two cycles of
      bortezomib treatment. The adverse events were assessed and graded according to
      the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria (version 2.0). RESULTS: Thirty-one of the 57
      patients (54.4%) attained an early objective response (EOR) after the second
      bortezomib treatment, defined as a >/=50% decrease in the serum mIg or FLC
      concentration. Improvements in the response were observed when common
      chemotherapeutic agents were added to bortezomib monotherapy. In patients who
      received bortezomib combined with chemotherapeutic agents, 19 out of 25 patients
      (76%) showed an EOR, whereas 12 out of 32 patients (37.5%) given bortezomib
      monotherapy achieved an EOR after the second cycle of bortezomib treatment (P =
      0.004); the median decrease from the baseline in the paraprotein level was 74.6
      +/- 5.9 and 39.7 +/- 4.2%, respectively (P = 0.003). A statistically significant
      elevation of serum lactic dehydrogenase (P = 0.007) and alkaline phosphatase (P =
      0.027) from baseline within two cycles of bortezomib treatment was observed in
      responding patients. With the combination treatment, peripheral neuropathy of
      >/=Grade II occurred in 12 out of 25 patients (48%) compared with 12 of 32
      (37.5%) in those given bortezomib alone (P = 0.589). The median time to
      progression of disease was similar in the two groups (359 +/- 43.5 versus 365 +/-
      103.5, P = 0.688). The multivariate Cox regression model showed that a high serum
      albumin and low beta2-microglobulin are favorable factors for the progression
      free survival following bortezomib treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Bortezomib in
      combination with common chemotherapeutic agents is more active in the treatment
      of relapsed, refractory MM than with bortezomib alone. However, more effective
      post-bortezomib treatment is needed to reduce the rate of disease progression
      particularly in patients with high tumor burden.

PMID- 18156172
TI  - Prognostic significance of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase protein
      expression in patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with temozolomide.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Temozolomide (TMZ) is active against newly diagnosed glioblastoma
      (GBM), and O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is implicated in
      resistance to TMZ and nitrosoureas. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the
      standard 5-day TMZ regimen in patients with recurrent GBM after initial therapy
      including nitrosourea-based chemotherapy, in conjunction with an analysis of the
      prognostic value of MGMT protein expression regarding response to TMZ and
      survival. METHODS: From September 2003 to January 2007, 30 patients having
      recurrent GBM received 150-200 mg/m(2)/day of TMZ for five consecutive days every
      28 days. Tumor tissue from 19 patients was analysed for MGMT protein expression
      using western blotting, and 17 of them were assessable for a response. RESULTS:
      The overall response rate was 23.5% (one complete response and three partial
      responses). Six patients had stable disease (35.3%). Median progression-free
      survival (PFS) time was 2.2 months, and median overall survival (OS) time was 9.9
      months from the initiation of TMZ therapy. Patients with low MGMT protein
      expression had a significantly improved PFS (P = 0.016) and OS (P = 0.019)
      compared to those with high expression. Both low MGMT expression (P = 0.040) and
      re-resection at relapse (P = 0.014) persisted as significant independent
      favorable prognostic factors for OS. The most common grade 3 and 4 hematological
      toxicity was lymphopenia (22.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The standard 5-day TMZ regimen
      resulted in moderate antitumor activity with an acceptable safety profile in
      patients with nitrosourea-pretreated recurrent GBM, and protein expression of
      MGMT is an important prognostic factor for patients treated with TMZ even after
      recurrence.

PMID- 18156173
TI  - Involvement of RNA-binding protein Hfq in the post-transcriptional regulation of
      invE gene expression in Shigella sonnei.
AB  - The temperature-dependent regulation of Shigella virulence genes is believed to
      be accomplished at the transcriptional stage by the regulators VirF and InvE.
      Several lines of evidence herein described indicate that post-transcriptional
      regulation of InvE expression plays a key role in the temperature-dependent
      regulation of virulence gene expression: (i) a considerable amount of invE mRNA
      continues to be transcribed under low temperature conditions, where the
      production of InvE protein is tightly repressed; (ii) the stability of invE mRNA
      markedly decreases, because its decay rate is significantly increased under the
      repressing conditions. Strikingly, in the hfq mutant of Shigella sonnei, a
      considerable amount of InvE protein was produced even at low temperature. This
      increase in the InvE level was found to be associated with the improved stability
      of invE mRNA, in agreement with the finding that the RNA chaperon Hfq influences
      post-transcriptional regulations of various genes. Consistently, overexpression
      of the Hfq protein decreased the production of InvE protein even under the
      expressing condition at 37 degrees C. The binding in vitro of purified Hfq
      protein to invE RNA was shown to be stronger at 30 degrees C than at 37 degrees C
      in two experiments, gel shift analysis and surface plasmon resonance (Biacore)
      analysis. These results altogether suggest that Hfq plays an important role in
      the temperature-dependent regulation of invE expression at the post
      transcriptional step.

PMID- 18156174
TI  - Epidermal growth factor stimulates RSK2 activation through activation of the
      MEK/ERK pathway and src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of RSK2 at Tyr-529.
AB  - The Ser/Thr kinase ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) has been demonstrated to
      phosphorylate transcription factor CREB (cyclic AMP-responsive-binding protein)
      and histone H3 in response to mitogenic stimulation by epidermal growth factor
      (EGF). EGF activates the MEK/ERK pathway to activate RSK2. We recently reported
      that receptor tyrosine kinase fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)
      directly tyrosine phosphorylates RSK2 at Tyr-529, which consequently regulates
      RSK2 activation by facilitating inactive ERK binding to RSK2 that is required for
      ERK-dependent phosphorylation and activation of RSK2 (Kang, S., Dong, S., Gu, T.
      L., Guo, A., Cohen, M. S., Lonial, S., Khoury, H. J., Fabbro, D., Gilliland, D.
      G., Bergsagel, P. L., Taunton, J., Polakiewicz, R. D., and Chen, J. (2007) Cancer
      Cell 12, 201-214). Here we report that upon treatment of EGF, RSK2 was tyrosine
      phosphorylated at Tyr-529 and activated in 293T and COS7 cells that do not
      express FGFR3. In contrast to FGFR3, the receptor tyrosine kinase EGF receptor
      did not directly phosphorylate RSK2 at Tyr-529 in an in vitro kinase assay using
      recombinant RSK2 and active EGF receptor or FGFR3. By mass spectroscopy-based
      studies, we identified Src tyrosine kinase family members Src and Fyn as upstream
      kinases of RSK2 Tyr-529. Treatment of Src inhibitor PP2 effectively attenuated
      EGF-dependent activation and Tyr-529 phosphorylation of RSK2, suggesting that Src
      family members are the kinases that phosphorylate RSK2 at Tyr-529 in response to
      EGF. Src and Fyn were able to directly phosphorylate RSK2 at Tyr-529 in the in
      vitro kinase assay. In vitro reconstitution of Tyr-529 phosphorylation by Src in
      glutathione S-transferase-tagged RSK2 enhanced inactive ERK binding to RSK2 wild
      type, but not the Y529F mutant. Together, our findings suggest that Src-dependent
      phosphorylation at Tyr-529 facilitates inactive ERK binding to RSK2, which might
      be a general requirement for RSK2 activation by EGF through the MEK/ERK pathway.

PMID- 18156175
TI  - An integrin phosphorylation switch: the effect of beta3 integrin tail
      phosphorylation on Dok1 and talin binding.
AB  - Integrins play a fundamental role in cell migration and adhesion; knowledge of
      how they are regulated and controlled is vital for understanding these processes.
      Recent work showed that Dok1 negatively regulates integrin activation, presumably
      by competition with talin. To understand how this occurs, we used NMR
      spectroscopy and x-ray crystallography to investigate the molecular details of
      interactions with integrins. The binding affinities of beta3 integrin tails for
      the Dok1 and talin phosphotyrosine binding domains were quantified using 15N-1H
      hetero-nuclear single quantum correlation titrations, revealing that the
      unphosphorylated integrin tail binds more strongly to talin than Dok1. Chemical
      shift mapping showed that unlike talin, Dok1 exclusively interacts with the
      canonical NPXY motif of the beta3 integrin tail. Upon phosphorylation of Tyr 747
      in the beta3 integrin tail, however, Dok1 then binds much more strongly than
      talin. Thus, we show that phosphorylation of Tyr 747 provides a switch for
      integrin ligand binding. This switch may represent an in vivo mechanism for
      control of integrin receptor activation. These results have implications for the
      control of integrin signaling by proteins containing phosphotyrosine binding
      domains.

PMID- 18156176
TI  - Transcription factor epiprofin is essential for tooth morphogenesis by regulating
      epithelial cell fate and tooth number.
AB  - In tooth morphogenesis, the dental epithelium and mesenchyme interact
      reciprocally for growth and differentiation to form the proper number and shapes
      of teeth. We previously identified epiprofin (Epfn), a gene preferentially
      expressed in dental epithelia, differentiated ameloblasts, and certain ectodermal
      organs. To identify the role of Epfn in tooth development, we created Epfn
      deficient mice (Epfn-/-). Epfn-/- mice developed an excess number of teeth,
      enamel deficiency, defects in cusp and root formation, and abnormal dentin
      structure. Mutant tooth germs formed multiple dental epithelial buds into the
      mesenchyme. In Epfn-/- molars, rapid proliferation and differentiation of the
      inner dental epithelium were inhibited, and the dental epithelium retained the
      progenitor phenotype. Formation of the enamel knot, a signaling center for cusps,
      whose cells differentiate from the dental epithelium, was also inhibited.
      However, multiple premature nonproliferating enamel knot-like structures were
      formed ectopically. These dental epithelial abnormalities were accompanied by
      dysregulation of Lef-1, which is required for the normal transition from the bud
      to cap stage. Transfection of an Epfn vector promoted dental epithelial cell
      differentiation into ameloblasts and activated promoter activity of the enamel
      matrix ameloblastin gene. Our results suggest that in Epfn-deficient teeth,
      ectopic nonproliferating regions likely bud off from the self-renewable dental
      epithelium, form multiple branches, and eventually develop into supernumerary
      teeth. Thus, Epfn has multiple functions for cell fate determination of the
      dental epithelium by regulating both proliferation and differentiation,
      preventing continuous tooth budding and generation.

PMID- 18156177
TI  - Proteomic analysis of a nutritional shift-up in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      identifies Gvp36 as a BAR-containing protein involved in vesicular traffic and
      nutritional adaptation.
AB  - Yeast cells undergoing a nutritional shift-up from a poor to a rich carbon source
      take several hours to adapt to the novel, richer carbon source. The budding index
      is a physiologically relevant "global" parameter that reflects the complex links
      between cell growth and division that are both coordinately and deeply affected
      by nutritional conditions. We used changes in budding index as a guide to choose
      appropriate, relevant time points during an ethanol to glucose nutritional shift
      up for preparation of samples for the analysis of proteome by two-dimensional
      electrophoresis/mass spectrometry. About 600 spots were detected. 90 spots,
      mostly comprising proteins involved in intermediary metabolism, protein
      synthesis, and response to stress, showed differential expression after glucose
      addition. Among modulated proteins we identified a protein of previously unknown
      function, Gvp36, showing a transitory increase corresponding to the drop of the
      fraction of budded cells. A gvp36Delta strain shares several phenotypes
      (including general growth defects, heat shock, and high salt sensitivity, defects
      in polarization of the actin cytoskeleton, in endocytosis and in vacuolar
      biogenesis, defects in entering stationary phase upon nutrient starvation) with
      secretory pathway mutants and with mutants in genes encoding the two previously
      known yeast BAR proteins (RSV161 and RSV167). We thus propose that Gvp36
      represents a novel yeast BAR protein involved in vesicular traffic and in
      nutritional adaptation.

PMID- 18156178
TI  - Molecular mechanism of mitotic Golgi disassembly and reassembly revealed by a
      defined reconstitution assay.
AB  - In mammalian cells, flat Golgi cisternae closely arrange together to form stacks.
      During mitosis, the stacked structure undergoes a continuous fragmentation
      process. The generated mitotic Golgi fragments are distributed into the daughter
      cells, where they are reassembled into new Golgi stacks. In this study, an in
      vitro assay has been developed using purified proteins and Golgi membranes to
      reconstitute the Golgi disassembly and reassembly processes. This technique
      provides a useful tool to delineate the mechanisms underlying the morphological
      change. There are two processes during Golgi disassembly: unstacking and
      vesiculation. Unstacking is mediated by two mitotic kinases, cdc2 and plk, which
      phosphorylate the Golgi stacking protein GRASP65 and thus disrupt the oligomer of
      this protein. Vesiculation is mediated by the COPI budding machinery ARF1 and the
      coatomer complex. When treated with a combination of purified kinases, ARF1 and
      coatomer, the Golgi membranes were completely fragmented into vesicles. After
      mitosis, there are also two processes in Golgi reassembly: formation of single
      cisternae by membrane fusion, and restacking. Cisternal membrane fusion requires
      two AAA ATPases, p97 and NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein), each of
      which functions together with specific adaptor proteins. Restacking of the newly
      formed Golgi cisternae requires dephosphorylation of Golgi stacking proteins by
      the protein phosphatase PP2A. This systematic study revealed the minimal
      machinery that controls the mitotic Golgi disassembly and reassembly processes.

PMID- 18156179
TI  - Role of Ser-340 and Thr-341 in transmembrane domain IX of the Na+/proline
      transporter PutP of Escherichia coli in ligand binding and transport.
AB  - The Na+/solute symporter family comprises more than 400 members of pro- and
      eukaryotic origin. Using the Na+/proline transporter PutP of Escherichia coli as
      a model, the role of two conserved residues, Ser-340 and Thr-341, is investigated
      to obtain insights into the mechanism of transport catalyzed by members of this
      family. Substitution of these amino acids alters the transport kinetics of cells
      and proteoliposomes containing the PutP variants significantly. In particular,
      the apparent affinities for Na+ and Li+ are reduced by 2 orders of magnitude or
      more. Also proline binding is affected, albeit to a lesser extent than ion
      binding. Thereby, the presence of a hydroxyl group at position 341 is essential
      for high affinity ligand binding. Furthermore, Cys placed at position 340 or 341
      reacts with sulfhydryl reagents of different polarity, indicating accessibility
      from the water phase. In addition, Cys cross-linking suggests proximity of the
      residues to other amino acids previously shown to be crucial for ligand binding.
      For these reasons it is suggested that Ser-340 and Thr-341 are located in a
      ligand translocation pathway. Furthermore, it is proposed that the side chain of
      Thr-341 directly participates in Na+ binding.

PMID- 18156180
TI  - Interactions of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor with various
      glycosaminoglycans reveal an important interplay between the presence of
      iduronate and sulfate density.
AB  - Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) has a cofactor requirement for
      heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) in the optimal activation of its
      signaling receptor MET. However, these two glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have
      different sugar backbones and sulfation patterns, with only the presence of
      iduronate in common. The structural basis for GAG recognition and activation is
      thus very unclear. We have clarified this by testing a wide array of natural and
      modified GAGs for both protein binding and activation. Comparisons between
      Ascidia nigra (2,6-O-sulfated) and mammalian (mainly 4-O-sulfated) DS species, as
      well as between a panel of specifically desulfated heparins, revealed that no
      specific sulfate isomer, in either GAG, is vital for interaction and activity.
      Moreover, different GAGs of similar sulfate density had comparable properties,
      although affinity and potency notably increase with increasing sulfate density.
      The weaker interaction with CS-E, compared with DS, shows that GlcA-containing
      polymers can bind, if highly sulfated, but emphasizes the importance of the
      flexible IdoA ring. Our data indicate that the preferred binding sites in DS in
      vivo will be comprised of disulfated, IdoA(2S)-containing motifs. In HS,
      clustering of N-/2-O-/6-O-sulfation in S-domains will lead to strong reactivity,
      although binding can also be mediated by the transition zones where sulfates are
      mainly at the N- and 6-O- positions. GAG recognition of HGF/SF thus appears to be
      primarily driven by electrostatic interactions and exhibits an interesting
      interplay between requirements for iduronate and sulfate density that may reflect
      in part a preference for particular sugar chain conformations.

PMID- 18156181
TI  - Local Ca2+ influx through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels stimulates
      production of an intracellular messenger and an intercellular pro-inflammatory
      signal.
AB  - Ca2+ entry through store-operated Ca2+ channels drives the production of the pro
      inflammatory molecule leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from mast cells through a pathway
      involving Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinases
      ERK1/2, phospholipase A2, and 5-lipoxygenase. Here we examine whether local Ca2+
      influx through store-operated Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels in the
      plasma membrane stimulates this signaling pathway. Manipulating the amplitude and
      spatial extent of Ca2+ entry by altering chemical and electrical gradients for
      Ca2+ influx or changing the Ca2+ buffering of the cytoplasm all impacted on
      protein kinase C and ERK activation, generation of arachidonic acid and LTC4
      secretion, with little change in the bulk cytoplasmic Ca2+ rise. Similar bulk
      cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations were achieved when CRAC channels were activated
      in 0.25 mm external Ca2+ versus 2 mm Ca2+ and 100 nm La3+, an inhibitor of CRAC
      channels. However, despite similar bulk cytoplasmic Ca2+, protein kinase C
      activation and LTC4 secretion were larger in 2 mm Ca2+ and La3+ than in 0.25 mm
      Ca2+, consistent with the central involvement of a subplasmalemmal Ca2+ rise. The
      nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Syk coupled CRAC channel opening to protein kinase C
      and ERK activation. Recombinant TRPC3 channels also activated protein kinase C,
      suggesting that subplasmalemmal Ca2+ rather than a microdomain exclusive to CRAC
      channels is the trigger. Hence a subplasmalemmal Ca2+ increase in mast cells is
      highly versatile in that it triggers cytoplasmic responses through generation of
      intracellular messengers as well as long distance changes through increased
      secretion of paracrine signals.

PMID- 18156182
TI  - Ucma, a novel secreted cartilage-specific protein with implications in
      osteogenesis.
AB  - Here we report on the structure, expression, and function of a novel cartilage
      specific gene coding for a 17-kDa small, highly charged, and secreted protein
      that we termed Ucma (unique cartilage matrix-associated protein). The protein is
      processed by a furin-like protease into an N-terminal peptide of 37 amino acids
      and a C-terminal fragment (Ucma-C) of 74 amino acids. Ucma is highly conserved
      between mouse, rat, human, dog, clawed frog, and zebrafish, but has no homology
      to other known proteins. Remarkable are 1-2 tyrosine sulfate residues/molecule
      and dense clusters of acidic and basic residues in the C-terminal part. In the
      developing mouse skeleton Ucma mRNA is expressed in resting chondrocytes in the
      distal and peripheral zones of epiphyseal and vertebral cartilage. Ucma is
      secreted into the extracellular matrix as an uncleaved precursor and shows the
      same restricted distribution pattern in cartilage as Ucma mRNA. In contrast,
      antibodies prepared against the processed C-terminal fragment located Ucma-C in
      the entire cartilage matrix, indicating that it either diffuses or is retained
      until chondrocytes reach hypertrophy. During differentiation of an MC615
      chondrocyte subclone in vitro, Ucma expression parallels largely the expression
      of collagen II and decreases with maturation toward hypertrophic cells.
      Recombinant Ucma-C does not affect expression of chondrocyte-specific genes or
      proliferation of chondrocytes, but interferes with osteogenic differentiation of
      primary osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. These
      findings suggest that Ucma may be involved in the negative control of osteogenic
      differentiation of osteochondrogenic precursor cells in peripheral zones of fetal
      cartilage and at the cartilage-bone interface.

PMID- 18156183
TI  - Subunit H of the vacuolar (H+) ATPase inhibits ATP hydrolysis by the free V1
      domain by interaction with the rotary subunit F.
AB  - The vacuolar (H+) ATPases (V-ATPases) are large, multimeric proton pumps that,
      like the related family of F1F0 ATP synthases, employ a rotary mechanism. ATP
      hydrolysis by the peripheral V1 domain drives rotation of a rotary complex (the
      rotor) relative to the stationary part of the enzyme (the stator), leading to
      proton translocation through the integral V0 domain. One mechanism of regulating
      V-ATPase activity in vivo involves reversible dissociation of the V1 and V0
      domains. Unlike the corresponding domains in F1F0, the dissociated V1 domain does
      not hydrolyze ATP, and the free V0 domain does not passively conduct protons.
      These properties are important to avoid generation of an uncoupled ATPase
      activity or an unregulated proton conductance upon dissociation of the complex in
      vivo. Previous results (Parra, K. J., Keenan, K. L., and Kane, P. M. (2000) J.
      Biol. Chem. 275, 21761-21767) showed that subunit H (part of the stator) inhibits
      ATP hydrolysis by free V1. To test the hypothesis that subunit H accomplishes
      this by bridging rotor and stator in free V1, cysteine-mediated cross-linking
      studies were performed. Unique cysteine residues were introduced over the surface
      of subunit H from yeast by site-directed mutagenesis and used as the site of
      attachment of the photo-activated cross-linking reagent maleimido benzophenone.
      After UV-activated cross-linking, cross-linked products were identified by
      Western blot using subunit-specific antibodies. The results indicate that the
      subunit H mutant S381C shows cross-linking between subunit H and subunit F (a
      rotor subunit) in the free V1 domain but not in the intact V1V0 complex. These
      results indicate that subunits H and F are proximal in free V1, supporting the
      hypothesis that subunit H inhibits free V1 by bridging the rotary and stator
      domains.

PMID- 18156184
TI  - Calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction in striatal neurons of
      Huntington disease.
AB  - Dysfunctions of Ca2+ homeostasis and of mitochondria have been studied in
      immortalized striatal cells from a commonly used Huntington disease mouse model.
      Transcriptional changes in the components of the phosphatidylinositol cycle and
      in the receptors for myo-inositol trisphosphate-linked agonists have been found
      in the cells and in the striatum of the parent Huntington disease mouse. The
      overall result of the changes is to delay myo-inositol trisphosphate production
      and to decrease basal Ca2+ in mutant cells. When tested directly, mitochondria in
      mutant cells behave nearly normally, but are unable to handle large Ca2+ loads.
      This appears to be due to the increased Ca2+ sensitivity of the permeability
      transition pore, which dissipates the membrane potential, prompting the release
      of accumulated Ca2+. Harmful reactive oxygen species, which are produced by
      defective mitochondria and may in turn stress them, increase in mutant cells,
      particularly if the damage to mitochondria is artificially exacerbated, for
      instance with complex II inhibitors. Mitochondria in mutant cells are thus
      peculiarly vulnerable to stresses induced by Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species.
      The observed decrease of cell Ca2+ could be a compensatory attempt to prevent the
      Ca2+ stress that would irreversibly damage mitochondria and eventually lead to
      cell death.

PMID- 18156185
TI  - Cigarette smoke stimulates the production of chemokines in mast cells.
AB  - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major health problem and will become
      the third largest cause of death in the world by 2020. It is currently believed
      that an exaggerated inflammatory response to inhaled irritants, in particular,
      cigarette smoke (CS), causes the progressive airflow limitation, in which
      macrophages and neutrophils are attracted by chemokines, leading to oxidative
      stress, emphysema, small airways fibrosis, and mucus hypersecretion. Smoking is
      also associated with an increase in mast cell numbers in bronchial mucosa. This
      study was conducted to determine the direct effects of CS on mast cell function,
      using murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) as an in vitro model. BMMC
      were cultured from BALB/cBy mice for 3 weeks. Cells were treated with CS medium
      (CSM) for 30 min or 16 h. The effects of CSM on mast cell degranulation and
      chemokine production were measured. Moreover, we investigated the effect of CSM
      on IkappaB-alpha degradation and p38, Erk1/2, p65, and CREB expression by Western
      blotting. We found that CSM stimulated the release of chemokines in a
      noncytotoxic manner but did not induce mast cell degranulation. CSM induced
      phosphorylation of Erk1/2, p38, and CREB and increased translocation of p65
      without degradation of IkappaB-alpha NF-kappaB in mast cells. The induction of
      chemokine production by CSM in mast cells could promote and prolong the
      inflammatory process. Our observations suggest that mast cells may contribute to
      the pathogenesis of emphysema through a direct effect of CS on the production of
      proinflammatory chemokines.

PMID- 18156186
TI  - Injection of lipopolysaccharide induces the migration of splenic neutrophils to
      the T cell area of the white pulp: role of CD14 and CXC chemokines.
AB  - There is increasing evidence that neutrophils are involved in the regulation of
      adaptive immunity. We therefore tested whether these cells may colocalize with T
      lymphocytes in lymphoid organs. Our results demonstrate that administration of
      the microbial product LPS induces the migration of neutrophils in the spleen from
      the red pulp and the marginal zone to the area of the white pulp where T cells
      reside. This movement is CD14-dependent, whereas the recruitment of neutrophils
      in the peritoneal cavity is increased in the absence of CD14. Our data further
      suggest the involvement of the chemokine MIP-2 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine
      and their receptor CXCR2. We conclude that neutrophils may interact with naive T
      cells upon infection/inflammation and that the migration of neutrophils in the
      lymphoid organs and in the periphery is regulated differently by a signal
      transduced by CD14.

PMID- 18156187
TI  - Early and preferential induction of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-M in THP-1
      cells by LPS derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis.
AB  - LPS of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is suggested to be a virulence
      factor in periodontitis, stimulating host cells to produce proinflammatory
      mediators. However, P. gingivalis LPS has been reported to show lower biological
      activity compared with Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS. Although differences in
      the chemical structure of lipid A and the receptor conferring LPS signaling are
      thought to account for these characteristics, the precise reason is unknown.
      Here, we demonstrate that P. gingivalis LPS up-regulates IL-1R-associated kinase
      (IRAK)-M, a negative regulator of the TLR signaling pathway, in a THP-1-derived
      macrophage more robustly than E. coli LPS. Although down-regulation of IRAK-M by
      small interfering (si)RNA augmented transcription and translation of TNF-, IL-6,
      and IL-12 p40 in LPS-stimulated macrophages, the effect of siRNA was more
      prominent in P. gingivalis LPS-stimulated cells. Degradation of IRAK-1 was more
      obvious in E. coli LPS-stimulated macrophages than the cells stimulated with P.
      gingivalis LPS, suggesting that P. gingivalis LPS-induced IRAK-M suppressed
      dissociation of IRAK-1 from the receptor complex, resulting in escape from
      subsequent degradation. This activity may be involved in the chronic infection of
      this bacterium in periodontal tissue by serving as an escape mechanism from
      immune surveillance.

PMID- 18156188
TI  - Sensing danger--Hsp72 and HMGB1 as candidate signals.
AB  - Molecules that behave as danger signals are produced when the body is perceived
      to be under attack, and they alert the immune system to the problem. The immune
      system can then mount an appropriate response. Two molecules that have received
      attention as potential danger signals are heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) and high
      mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which are intracellular proteins but are released
      when cells are under stress, in particular, when necrosis occurs. This review
      considers the similarities between these two molecules and then contrasts their
      mechanism of action and problems that can arise when they are overpresented in
      the extracellular environment. It is proposed that Hsp72 and HMGB1 are members of
      a suite of danger molecules that provide a fingerprint of the threat, or
      stressor, to tissue or organism integrity.

PMID- 18156189
TI  - Copulsing tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cells with zoledronate efficiently
      enhance the expansion of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells via
      Vgamma9gammadelta T cell activation.
AB  - We demonstrate that Vgamma9gammadelta T cells activated by zoledronate can link
      innate and acquired immunity through crosstalk with dendritic cells (DCs) in a
      way that can amplify activation and proliferation of tumor antigen-specific CD8+
      T cells. DCs pulsed with antigen alone or antigen plus zoledronate were used to
      stimulate the in vitro expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. MART-1
      modified peptide (A27L peptide) and apoptotic HLA-A*0201-positive, MART-1
      positive JCOCB tumor cell lines were used as tumor antigen sources. The
      percentage of A27L-specific CD8+ T cells within the responding lymphocytes on Day
      7 when immature DCs (imDCs) were cultured in the presence of A27L peptide and
      0.01 microM zoledronate was significantly higher (P=0.002, n=11) than that
      observed when imDCs were cultured with the lymphocytes in the presence of the
      A27L peptide alone. This enhancing effect of zoledronate was significantly
      reduced when gammadelta T cells were depleted from responding lymphocytes
      (P=0.030, n=5), indicating that the effect is mediated mainly through
      Vgamma9gammadelta T cells activated by zoledronate-pulsed imDCs. When imDCs
      copulsed with zoledronate and apoptotic JCOCB tumor cell lines were used, the
      percentage of A27L-specific CD8+ T cells was higher than that observed using
      imDCs with the apoptotic JCOCB lines alone, suggesting that zoledronate treatment
      of imDCs enhances the cross-presentation ability of DCs. These findings suggest a
      potentially valuable role for Vgamma9gammadelta T cell activation for expanding
      antigen-specific CD8+T cells using DCs copulsed with tumor antigen and
      zoledronate in the design of vaccine therapies for malignancy.

PMID- 18156191
TI  - All-trans retinoic acid prevents development of cardiac remodeling in aortic
      banded rats by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system.
AB  - This study was designed to determine the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (RA)
      on the development of cardiac remodeling in a pressure overload rat model. Male
      Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham operation and the aortic constriction
      procedure. A subgroup of sham control and aortic constricted rats were treated
      with RA for 5 mo after surgery. Pressure-overloaded rats showed significantly
      increased interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, heart weight-to-body weight
      ratio, and gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic
      peptide. Echocardiographic analysis showed that pressure overload induced
      systolic and diastolic dysfunction, as evidenced by decreased fractional
      shortening, ejection fraction, stroke volume, and increased E-to-E(a) ratio and
      isovolumic relaxation time. RA treatment prevented the above changes in cardiac
      structure and function and hypertrophic gene expression in pressure-overloaded
      rats. RA restored the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax, inhibited cleavage of caspase-3 and 
      9, and prevented the decreases in the levels of SOD-1 and SOD-2. Pressure
      overload-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 was inhibited by RA, via
      upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP)-1 and MKP-2.
      The pressure overload-induced production of angiotensin II was inhibited by RA
      via upregulation of expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 and
      through inhibition of the expression of cardiac and renal renin, angiotensinogen,
      ACE, and angiotensin type 1 receptor. Similar results were observed in cultured
      neonatal cardiomyocytes in response to static stretch. These results demonstrate
      that RA has a significant inhibitory effect on pressure overload-induced cardiac
      remodeling, through inhibition of the expression of renin-angiotensin system
      components.

PMID- 18156192
TI  - 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid causes endothelial dysfunction via eNOS
      uncoupling.
AB  - Nitric oxide (NO), generated from L-arginine by endothelial nitric oxide synthase
      (eNOS), is a key endothelial-derived factor whose bioavailability is essential to
      the normal function of the endothelium. Endothelium dysfunction is characterized
      by loss of NO bioavailability because of either reduced formation or accelerated
      degradation of NO. We have recently reported that overexpression of vascular
      cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 4A in rats caused hypertension and endothelial dysfunction
      driven by increased production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a
      major vasoconstrictor eicosanoid in the microcirculation. To further explore
      cellular mechanisms underlying CYP4A-20-HETE-driven endothelial dysfunction, the
      interactions between 20-HETE and the eNOS-NO system were examined in vitro.
      Addition of 20-HETE to endothelial cells at concentrations as low as 1 nM reduced
      calcium ionophore-stimulated NO release by 50%. This reduction was associated
      with a significant increase in superoxide production. The increase in superoxide
      in response to 20-HETE was prevented by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,
      suggesting that uncoupled eNOS is a source of this superoxide. The response to 20
      HETE was specific in that 19-HETE did not affect NO or superoxide production,
      and, in fact, the response to 20-HETE could be competitively antagonized by 19(R)
      HETE. 20-HETE had no effect on phosphorylation of eNOS protein at serine-1179 or
      threonine-497 following addition of calcium ionophore; however, 20-HETE inhibited
      association of eNOS with 90-kDa heat shock protein (HSP90). In vivo, impaired
      acetylcholine-induced relaxation in arteries overexpressing CYP4A was associated
      with a marked reduction in the levels of phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated
      phosphoprotein, an indicator of bioactive NO, that was reversed by inhibition of
      20-HETE synthesis or action. Because association of HSP90 with eNOS is critical
      for eNOS activation and coupled enzyme activity, inhibition of this association
      by 20-HETE may underlie the mechanism, at least in part, by which increased CYP4A
      expression and activity cause endothelial dysfunction.

PMID- 18156193
TI  - Role of iPLA2 and store-operated channels in agonist-induced Ca2+ influx and
      constriction in cerebral, mesenteric, and carotid arteries.
AB  - Store-operated channels (SOC) and store-operated Ca2+ entry are known to play a
      major role in agonist-induced constriction of smooth muscle cells (SMC) in
      conduit vessels. In microvessels the role of SOC remains uncertain, in as much as
      voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ (Ca2+L) channels are thought to be fully responsible
      for agonist-induced Ca2+ influx and vasoconstriction. We present evidence that
      SOC and their activation via a Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2)-mediated
      pathway play a crucial role in agonist-induced constriction of cerebral,
      mesenteric, and carotid arteries. Intracellular Ca2+ in SMC and intraluminal
      diameter were measured simultaneously in intact pressurized vessels in vitro. We
      demonstrated that 1) Ca2+ and contractile responses to phenylephrine (PE) in
      cerebral and carotid arteries were equally abolished by nimodipine (a Ca2+L)
      inhibitor) and 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (an inhibitor of SOC), suggesting
      that SOC and Ca2+L channels may be involved in agonist-induced constriction of
      cerebral arteries, and 2) functional inhibition of iPLA2beta totally inhibited PE
      induced Ca2+ influx and constriction in cerebral, mesenteric, and carotid
      arteries, whereas K+-induced Ca2+ influx and vasoconstriction mediated by Ca2+L
      channels were not affected. Thus iPLA2-dependent activation of SOC is crucial for
      agonist-induced Ca2+ influx and vasoconstriction in cerebral, mesenteric, and
      carotid arteries. We propose that, on PE-induced depletion of Ca2+ stores,
      nonselective SOC are activated via an iPLA2-dependent pathway and may produce a
      depolarization of SMC, which could trigger a secondary activation of Ca2+L
      channels and lead to Ca2+ entry and vasoconstriction.

PMID- 18156194
TI  - Heterogeneous transmural proteoglycan distribution provides a mechanism for
      regulating residual stresses in the aorta.
AB  - The arterial wall contains a significant amount of charged proteoglycans, which
      are inhomogeneously distributed, with the greatest concentrations in the intimal
      and medial layers. The hypothesis of this study is that the transmural
      distribution of proteoglycans plays a significant role in regulating residual
      stresses in the arterial wall. This hypothesis was first tested theoretically,
      using the framework of mixture theory for charged hydrated tissues, and then
      verified experimentally by measuring the opening angle of rat aorta in NaCl
      solutions of various ionic strengths. A three-dimensional finite element model of
      aortic ring, using realistic values of the solid matrix shear modulus and
      proteoglycan fixed-charge density, yielded opening angles and changes with
      osmolarity comparable to values reported in the literature. Experimentally, the
      mean opening angle in isotonic saline (300 mosM) was 15 +/- 17 degrees and
      changed to 4 +/- 19 degrees and 73 +/- 18 degrees under hypertonic (2,000 mosM)
      and hypotonic (0 mosM) conditions, respectively (n = 16). In addition, the
      opening angle in isotonic (300 mosM) sucrose, an uncharged molecule, was 60 +/-
      16 degrees (n = 11), suggesting that the charge effect, not cellular swelling,
      was the major underlying mechanism for these observations. The extent of changes
      in opening angle under osmotic challenges suggests that transmural heterogeneity
      of fixed-charge density plays a crucial role in governing the zero-stress
      configuration of the aorta. A significant implication of this finding is that
      arterial wall remodeling in response to altered wall stresses may occur via
      altered deposition of proteoglycans across the wall thickness, providing a novel
      mechanism for regulating mechanical homeostasis in vascular tissue.

PMID- 18156195
TI  - Genes overexpressed in cerebral arteries following salt-induced hypertensive
      disease are regulated by angiotensin II, JunB, and CREB.
AB  - Although changes in gene expression are necessary for arterial remodeling during
      hypertension, the genes altered and their mechanisms of regulation remain
      uncertain. The goal of this study was to identify cerebral artery genes altered
      by hypertension and define signaling pathways important in their regulation.
      Intact cerebral arteries from Dahl salt-sensitive normotensive and hypertensive
      high-salt (HS) rats were examined by immunostaining, revealing an increased
      phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and
      expression of the proliferative marker Ki-67 in arteries from hypertensive
      animals. Arterial RNA analyzed by microarray and validated with RT-quantitative
      PCR revealed that jun family member junB and matricellular genes plasminogen
      activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and osteopontin (OPN) were significantly
      overexpressed in HS arteries. Fisher exact test and annotation-based gene subsets
      showed that genes upregulated by Jun and Ca(2+)/cAMP-response element-binding
      protein (CREB) were overrepresented. A model of cultured rat cerebrovascular
      smooth muscle cells was used to test the hypothesis that angiotensin II (ANG II),
      JunB, and CREB are important in the regulation of genes identified in the rat
      hypertension model. ANG II induced a transient induction of junB and a delayed
      induction of PAI-1 and OPN mRNA levels, which were reduced by ERK inhibition with
      U-0126. Silencing junB using small-interfering RNA reduced mRNA levels of OPN but
      not PAI-1. The silencing of CREB reduced PAI-1 induction by ANG II but enhanced
      the transcription of OPN. Together, these results suggest that salt-induced
      hypertensive disease promotes changes in matricellular genes that are stimulated
      by ANG II, regulated by ERK, and selectively regulated by JunB and CREB.

PMID- 18156196
TI  - Hypoxic preconditioning increases survival and angiogenic potency of peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells via oxidative stress resistance.
AB  - Cell-based angiogenesis is a promising treatment for ischemic diseases; however,
      the survival of implanted cells is impaired by oxidative stress in the ischemic
      microenvironment. We tested the hypothesis that hypoxic preconditioning of
      implanted cells enhances their resistance against oxidative stress, increasing
      cell survival and angiogenic potency after implantation into ischemic tissue.
      Mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) were collected and subjected to
      hypoxic preconditioning by culture for 24 h in 2% O(2) at 33 degrees C. Hypoxic
      preconditioning of PBMNCs increased the expression of various genes related to
      antioxidant and survival signals remarkably. Compared with cells cultured under
      normoxia, the hypoxia-preconditioned PBMNCs showed significantly lower reactive
      oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and higher cell survival under oxidative stress
      induced by LY-83583 (a superoxide generator). Three days after intramuscular
      implantation into the ischemic hindlimbs of mice, survival of the hypoxia
      preconditioned PBMNCs was high, whereas that of the normoxia-cultured PBMNCs was
      relatively low. Furthermore, 28 days after treatment microvessel density and
      blood flow in the ischemic hindlimbs were significantly better in the mice
      implanted with hypoxia-preconditioned PBMNCs than in those implanted with
      normoxia-cultured PBMNCs. Hypoxic preconditioning increased the survival and
      angiogenic potency of PBMNCs, through oxidative stress resistance mechanisms.

PMID- 18156197
TI  - Disruption of the circadian clock within the cardiomyocyte influences myocardial
      contractile function, metabolism, and gene expression.
AB  - Virtually every mammalian cell, including cardiomyocytes, possesses an intrinsic
      circadian clock. The role of this transcriptionally based molecular mechanism in
      cardiovascular biology is poorly understood. We hypothesized that the circadian
      clock within the cardiomyocyte influences diurnal variations in myocardial
      biology. We, therefore, generated a cardiomyocyte-specific circadian clock mutant
      (CCM) mouse to test this hypothesis. At 12 wk of age, CCM mice exhibit normal
      myocardial contractile function in vivo, as assessed by echocardiography.
      Radiotelemetry studies reveal attenuation of heart rate diurnal variations and
      bradycardia in CCM mice (in the absence of conduction system abnormalities).
      Reduced heart rate persisted in CCM hearts perfused ex vivo in the working mode,
      highlighting the intrinsic nature of this phenotype. Wild-type, but not CCM,
      hearts exhibited a marked diurnal variation in responsiveness to an elevation in
      workload (80 mmHg plus 1 microM epinephrine) ex vivo, with a greater increase in
      cardiac power and efficiency during the dark (active) phase vs. the light
      (inactive) phase. Moreover, myocardial oxygen consumption and fatty acid
      oxidation rates were increased, whereas cardiac efficiency was decreased, in CCM
      hearts. These observations were associated with no alterations in mitochondrial
      content or structure and modest mitochondrial dysfunction in CCM hearts. Gene
      expression microarray analysis identified 548 and 176 genes in atria and
      ventricles, respectively, whose normal diurnal expression patterns were altered
      in CCM mice. These studies suggest that the cardiomyocyte circadian clock
      influences myocardial contractile function, metabolism, and gene expression.

PMID- 18156198
TI  - Neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts express three types of voltage-gated K+
      channels: regulation of a transient outward current by protein kinase C.
AB  - Cardiac fibroblasts regulate myocardial development via mechanical, chemical, and
      electrical interactions with associated cardiomyocytes. The goal of this study
      was to identify and characterize voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channels in neonatal rat
      ventricular fibroblasts. With the use of the whole cell arrangement of the patch
      clamp technique, three types of voltage-gated, outward K(+) currents were
      measured in the cultured fibroblasts. The majority of cells expressed a transient
      outward K(+) current (I(to)) that activated at potentials positive to -40 mV and
      partially inactivated during depolarizing voltage steps. I(to) was inhibited by
      the antiarrhythmic agent flecainide (100 microM) and BaCl(2) (1 mM) but was
      unaffected by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 0.5 and 1 mM). A smaller number of cells
      expressed one of two types of kinetically distinct, delayed-rectifier K(+)
      currents [I(K) fast (I(Kf)) and I(K) slow (I(Ks))] that were strongly blocked by
      4-AP. Application of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, to stimulate protein kinase
      C (PKC), inhibited I(to) but had no effect on I(Kf) and I(Ks). Immunoblot
      analysis revealed the presence of Kv1.4, Kv1.2, Kv1.5, and Kv2.1 alpha-subunits
      but not Kv4.2 or Kv1.6 alpha-subunits in the fibroblasts. Finally, pretreatment
      of the cells with 4-AP inhibited angiotensin II-induced intracellular Ca(2+)
      mobilization. Thus neonatal cardiac fibroblasts express at least three different
      Kv channels that may contribute to electrical/chemical signaling in these cells.

PMID- 18156199
TI  - Role of asymmetric dimethylarginine for angiotensin II-induced target organ
      damage in mice.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the endogenous nitric
      oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and its degrading
      enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) in angiotensin II (ANG II)
      induced hypertension and target organ damage in mice. Mice transgenic for the
      human DDAH1 gene (TG) and wild-type (WT) mice (each, n = 28) were treated with
      1.0 microg kg(-1) min(-1) ANG II, 3.0 microg kg(-1) min(-1) ANG II, or phosphate
      buffered saline over 4 wk via osmotic minipumps. Blood pressure, as measured by
      tail cuff, was elevated to the same degree in TG and WT mice. Plasma levels of
      ADMA were lower in TG than WT mice and were not affected after 4 wk by either
      dose of ANG II in both TG and WT animals. Oxidative stress within the wall of the
      aorta, measured by fluorescence microscopy using the dye dihydroethidium, was
      significantly reduced in TG mice. ANG II-induced glomerulosclerosis was similar
      between WT and TG mice, whereas renal interstitial fibrosis was significantly
      reduced in TG compared with WT animals. Renal mRNA expression of protein arginine
      methyltransferase (PRMT)1 and DDAH2 increased during the infusion of ANG II,
      whereas PRMT3 and endogenous mouse DDAH1 expression remained unaltered. Chronic
      infusion of ANG II in mice has no effect on the plasma levels of ADMA after 4 wk.
      However, an overexpression of DDAH1 alleviates ANG II-induced renal interstitial
      fibrosis and vascular oxidative stress, suggesting a blood pressure-independent
      effect of ADMA on ANG II-induced target organ damage.

PMID- 18156200
TI  - A profound decrease in maternal arginine uptake provokes endothelial nitration in
      the pregnant rat.
AB  - While a specific role for nitric oxide (NO) in inducing the hemodynamic
      alterations of pregnancy is somewhat controversial, it is widely accepted that
      excess NO is generated during pregnancy. L-Arginine is the sole precursor for NO
      biosynthesis. Among several transporters that mediate L-arginine uptake, cationic
      amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1) acts as the specific arginine transporter for
      endothelial NO synthase. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis
      that, during pregnancy, when arginine consumption by the fetus is significantly
      increased, compensatory changes in maternal arginine uptake affect the
      endothelium. Uptake of radiolabeled arginine (L-[3H]arginine) by freshly
      harvested maternal aortic rings from pregnant rats decreased by 65 and 30% in mid
      and late pregnancy, respectively, compared with those obtained from virgin
      animals. This decrease was associated with a significant increase in endothelial
      protein nitration (the footprint of peroxynitrite generation), as shown by both
      Western blotting and immunohistochemistry utilizing anti-nitrotyrosine
      antibodies, reflecting endothelial damage. Northern blot analysis revealed that
      steady-state aortic CAT-1 mRNA levels did not change throughout pregnancy,
      whereas CAT-1 protein abundance was significantly increased, peaking at mid
      pregnancy. Protein content of protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha, which was previously
      shown to decrease CAT-1 activity, increased significantly in the pregnant animals
      and was associated with a significant increase in CAT-1 phosphorylation.
      Intraperitoneal injection of alpha-tocopherol, a PKC-alpha inhibitor, prevented
      the decrease in arginine transport and attenuated protein nitration. In
      conclusion, aortic arginine uptake is reduced during pregnancy, through
      posttranslational modulation of CAT-1 protein, presumably via upregulation of PKC
      alpha. The aforementioned findings are associated with an increase in protein
      nitration and, therefore, in selected individuals, may lead to the development of
      certain forms of endothelial dysfunction, like preeclampsia.

PMID- 18156201
TI  - Microtopography and flow modulate the direction of endothelial cell migration.
AB  - The migration of vascular endothelial cells under flow can be modulated by the
      addition of chemical or mechanical stimuli. The aim of this study was to
      investigate how topographic cues derived from a substrate containing three
      dimensional microtopography interact with fluid shear stress in directing
      endothelial cell migration. Subconfluent bovine aortic endothelial cells were
      seeded on fibronectin-coated poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrates patterned with a
      combinatorial array of parallel and orthogonal microgrooves ranging from 2 to 5
      microm in width at a constant depth of 1 microm. During a 4-h time-lapse
      observation in the absence of flow, the majority of the prealigned cells migrated
      parallel to the grooves with the distribution of their focal adhesions (FAs)
      depending on the groove width. No change in this migratory pattern was observed
      after the cells were exposed to moderate shear stress (13.5 dyn/cm(2)),
      irrespective of groove direction with respect to flow. After 4-h exposure to high
      shear stress (58 dyn/cm(2)) parallel to the grooves, the cells continued to
      migrate in the direction of both grooves and flow. By contrast, when microgrooves
      were oriented perpendicular to flow, most cells migrated orthogonal to the
      grooves and downstream with flow. Despite the change in the migration direction
      of the cells under high shear stress, most FAs and actin microfilaments
      maintained their original alignment parallel to the grooves, suggesting that
      topographic cues were more effective than those derived from shear stress in
      guiding the orientation of cytoskeletal and adhesion proteins during the initial
      exposure to flow.

PMID- 18156202
TI  - G(o) controls the hyperpolarization-activated current in embryonic stem cell
      derived cardiocytes.
AB  - Hyperpolarization current (I(f)) is an important player in controlling heart rate
      and is stimulated by cAMP and inhibited by members of the pertussis toxin
      sensitive G-protein G(i)/G(o) family. We have successfully derived cardiocytes
      from embryonic stem cells lacking G(o) or G(i2) and G(i3). We have established
      that both basal and isoproterenol-stimulated activities of I(f) in these
      cardiocytes have typical nodal-atrial characteristics and are unaffected by
      targeted gene inactivation of the G proteins G(o) or G(i2) and G(i3). Under basal
      conditions, both G(o) and G(i) are required for muscarinic inhibition of I(f)
      activity via a mechanism that involves the generation of nitric oxide, whereas,
      with prior stimulation by beta-agonists, only G(o) is required and G(i) and
      nitric oxide production are not. Our findings establish an essential role for
      G(o) in the antiadrenergic effect of muscarinic agent on I(f).

PMID- 18156203
TI  - Determinants of coronary microvascular dysfunction in symptomatic hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Impaired hyperemic myocardial blood flow (MBF) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
      (HCM), despite normal epicardial coronary arteries, results in microvascular
      dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to determine the relative
      contribution of extravascular compressive forces to microvascular dysfunction in
      HCM. Eighteen patients with symptomatic HCM and normal coronary arteries and 10
      age-matched healthy volunteers were studied with PET to quantify resting and
      hyperemic MBF at a subendocardial and subepicardial level. In HCM patients, MRI
      was performed to determine left ventricular (LV) mass index (LVMI) and volumes,
      echocardiography to assess diastolic perfusion time, heart catheterization to
      measure LV outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) and LV pressures, and serum NH(2)
      terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as a biochemical marker of LV
      wall stress. Hyperemic MBF was blunted in HCM vs. controls (2.26 +/- 0.97 vs.
      2.93 +/- 0.64 ml min(-1) g(-1), P < 0.05). In contrast to controls (1.38 +/- 0.15
      to 1.25 +/- 0.19, P = not significant), the endocardial-to-epicardial MBF ratio
      decreased significantly in HCM during hyperemia (1.20 +/- 0.11 to 0.88 +/- 0.18,
      P < 0.01). This pattern was similar for hypertrophied septum and lateral wall.
      Hyperemic MBF was inversely correlated with LVOTG, NT-proBNP, left atrial volume
      index, and LVMI (all P < 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis, however,
      revealed that only LVMI and NT-proBNP were independently related to hyperemic
      MBF, with greater impact at the subendocardial myocardial layer. Hyperemic MBF is
      more severely impaired at the subendocardial level in HCM patients. The level of
      impairment is related to markers of increased hemodynamic LV loading conditions
      and LV mass. These observations suggest that, in addition to reduced capillary
      density caused by hypertrophy, extravascular compressive forces contribute to
      microvascular dysfunction in HCM patients.

PMID- 18156204
TI  - Interleukin-17 production in central nervous system-infiltrating T cells and
      glial cells is associated with active disease in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Recent findings in the animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental
      autoimmune encephalomyelitis, implicate a novel CD4+ T-cell subset (TH17),
      characterized by the secretion of interleukin-17 (IL-17), in disease
      pathogenesis. To elucidate its role in MS, brain tissues from patients with MS
      were compared to controls. We detected expression of IL-17 mRNA (by in situ
      hybridization) and protein (by immunohistochemistry) in perivascular lymphocytes
      as well as in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes located in the active areas of MS
      lesions. Further, we found a significant increase in the number of IL-17+ T cells
      in active rather than inactive areas of MS lesions. Specifically, double
      immunofluorescence showed that IL-17 immunoreactivity was detected in 79% of T
      cells in acute lesions, 73% in active areas of chronic active lesions, but in
      only 17% of those in inactive lesions and 7% in lymph node control tissue. CD8+,
      as well as CD4+, T cells were equally immunostained for IL-17 in MS tissues.
      Interestingly, and in contrast to lymph node T cells, no perivascular T cells
      showed FoxP3 expression, a marker of regulatory T cells, at any stage of MS
      lesions. These observations suggest an enrichment of both IL-17+CD4+ and CD8+ T
      cells in active MS lesions as well as an important role for IL-17 in MS
      pathogenesis, with some remarkable differences from the experimental autoimmune
      encephalomyelitis model.

PMID- 18156205
TI  - Severe intrauterine growth restriction pregnancies have increased placental
      endoglin levels: hypoxic regulation via transforming growth factor-beta 3.
AB  - Endoglin, a co-receptor for transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 and -beta 3
      is expressed in the human placenta and plays an important role in the
      pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Because preeclampsia is associated with hypoxia,
      and because TGF-beta 3 is overexpressed in preeclamptic pregnancies, we examined
      the effect of oxygen and TGF-beta 3 on placental endoglin expression and
      investigated its expression in pathological models of placental hypoxia such as
      intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) pregnancies. Endoglin expression was high
      at 4 to 9 weeks of gestation, when oxygen tension is low, and decreased after 10
      weeks, when oxygen tension increases. Exposure of villous explants to low oxygen
      (3% O2) resulted in elevated expression of both membrane and soluble endoglin
      compared to standard conditions (20% O2). Moreover, addition of TGF-beta 3 to
      villous explants under low oxygen conditions increased the expression of endoglin
      compared to nontreated explants whereas addition of TGF-beta 3-neutralizing
      antibodies inhibited the low oxygen stimulatory effect on endoglin expression.
      Endoglin and soluble endoglin expression were significantly increased in
      placentas of IUGR singletons compared to controls and in the IUGR twin placentas
      relative to both the control co-twin and the normal twins. These data demonstrate
      that oxygen regulates the placental expression of endoglin via TGF-beta 3.
      Reduced placental perfusion leading to placental hypoxia might contribute to the
      increased expression of endoglin in IUGR pregnancies.

PMID- 18156206
TI  - Acute modulations in permeability barrier function regulate epidermal
      cornification: role of caspase-14 and the protease-activated receptor type 2.
AB  - Stratum corneum comprises corneocytes, derived from outer stratum granulosum
      during terminal differentiation, embedded in a lipid-enriched extracellular
      matrix, secreted from epidermal lamellar bodies. Permeability barrier insults
      stimulate rapid secretion of preformed lamellar bodies from the outer stratum
      granulosum, regulated through modulations in ionic gradients and serine protease
      (SP)/protease-activated receptor type 2 (PAR2) signaling. Because corneocytes are
      also required for barrier function, we hypothesized that corneocyte formation
      could also be regulated by barrier function. Barrier abrogation by two unrelated
      methods initiated a wave of cornification, assessed as TdT-mediated dUTP nick end
      labeling-positive cells in stratum granulosum and newly cornified cells by
      electron microscopy. Because cornification was blocked by occlusion, corneocytes
      formed specifically in response to barrier, rather than injury or cell
      replacement, requirements. SP inhibitors and hyperacidification (which decreases
      SP activity) blocked cornification after barrier disruption. Similarly,
      cornification was delayed in PAR2(-/-) mice. Although classical markers of
      apoptosis [poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase and caspase (Casp)-3] remained unchanged,
      barrier disruption activated Casp-14. Moreover, the pan-Casp inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK
      delayed cornification, and corneocytes were structurally aberrant in Casp14(-/-)
      mice. Thus, permeability barrier requirements coordinately drive both the
      generation of the stratum corneum lipid-enriched extracellular matrix and the
      transformation of granular cells into corneocytes, in an SP- and Casp-14
      dependent manner, signaled by PAR2.

PMID- 18156207
TI  - Prolactin drives estrogen receptor-alpha-dependent ductal expansion and
      synergizes with transforming growth factor-alpha to induce mammary tumors in
      males.
AB  - Male breast cancer is rare and has been the focus of limited research. Although
      the etiology is unclear, conditions increasing circulating prolactin (PRL), as
      well as estrogen, increase the risk of tumorigenesis. We modeled exposure to
      elevated PRL in transgenic mice, using the mammary-selective, estrogen
      insensitive promoter neu-related lipocalin (NRL), to drive PRL expression. Male
      NRL-PRL mice did not develop mammary tumors. However, in cooperation with the
      well-characterized oncogene transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), PRL
      induced mammary tumors in 100% of male bitransgenic mice. Similar to disease in
      human males, these tumors expressed variable levels of estrogen receptor-alpha
      (ER-alpha) and androgen receptors. However, carcinogenesis was not responsive to
      testicular steroids because castration did not alter latency to tumor development
      or tumor ER-alpha expression. Interestingly, both NRL-TGF-alpha/PRL and NRL-PRL
      males demonstrated increased ductal development, which occurred during puberty,
      similar to female mice. This outgrowth was diminished in NRL-PRL males treated
      with ICI 182,780, suggesting that PRL enhances ER-mediated growth. Treatment of
      MCF-7-derived cells with PRL increased phosphorylation of ER-alpha at residues
      implicated in unliganded ER-alpha activity. Together, these studies suggest that
      PRL expands the pool of cells susceptible to tumorigenesis, which is then
      facilitated by PRL and TGF-alpha cross talk. Activation of ER-alpha is one
      mechanism by which PRL may contribute to breast cancer and points to other
      therapeutic strategies for male patients.

PMID- 18156208
TI  - Eosinophil activation of fibroblasts from chronic allergen-induced disease
      utilizes stem cell factor for phenotypic changes.
AB  - In the present studies the role of stem cell factor (SCF) in mediating eosinophil
      and fibroblast activation during their interaction was investigated. SCF was
      significantly higher in fibroblasts grown from lungs of chronic allergen
      challenged mice compared to fibroblasts grown from normal mice. When eosinophils
      were layered onto fibroblasts from allergic mice, a significant increase in SCF
      was detected compared to fibroblasts from nonallergic mice. The interaction of
      fibroblasts with eosinophils also increased the production of asthma-associated
      chemokines, CCL5 and CCL6, was dependent on cell-to-cell interaction, and was
      observed only with fibroblasts derived from lungs of chronic allergen-challenged
      mice and not from those derived from unchallenged normal mice. Chemokine
      production was significantly decreased when anti-SCF antibodies were added during
      eosinophil-fibroblast interaction. The interaction of fibroblasts from chronic
      allergen-challenged mice with eosinophils also increased alpha-smooth muscle cell
      actin and procollagen I expression as well as induced transforming growth factor
      beta. The changes in myofibroblast activation were dependent on SCF-mediated
      pathways because anti-SCF antibody treatment reduced the expression of all three
      of these latter fibrosis-associated markers. Thus, our data suggest that SCF
      mediates an important activation pathway for fibroblasts during chronic allergic
      responses on interaction with recruited eosinophils and suggest a potential
      mechanism of airway remodeling during chronic disease.

PMID- 18156209
TI  - Epigenetic changes and suppression of the nuclear factor of activated T cell 1
      (NFATC1) promoter in human lymphomas with defects in immunoreceptor signaling.
AB  - The nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (Nfatc1) locus is a common insertion
      site for murine tumorigenic retroviruses, suggesting a role of transcription
      factor NFATc1 in lymphomagenesis. Although NFATc1 is expressed in most human
      primary lymphocytes and mature human T- and B-cell neoplasms, we show by
      histochemical stainings that NFATc1 expression is suppressed in anaplastic large
      cell lymphomas and classical Hodgkin's lymphomas (HLs). In HL cell lines, NFATc1
      silencing correlated with a decrease in histone H3 acetylation, H3-K4
      trimethylation, and Sp1 factor binding but with an increase in HP1 binding to the
      NFATC1 P1 promoter. Together with DNA hypermethylation of the NFATC1 P1 promoter,
      which we detected in all anaplastic large cell lymphoma and many HL lines, these
      observations reflect typical signs of transcriptional silencing. In several
      lymphoma lines, methylation of NFATC1 promoter DNA resulted in a "window of
      hypomethylation," which is flanked by Sp1-binding sites. Together with the under
      representation of Sp1 at the NFATC1 P1 promoter in HL cells, this suggests that
      Sp1 factors can protect P1 DNA methylation in a directional manner. Blocking
      immunoreceptor signaling led to NFATC1 P1 promoter silencing and to a decrease in
      H3 acetylation and H3-K4 methylation but not DNA methylation. This shows that
      histone modifications precede the DNA methylation in NFATC1 promoter silencing.

PMID- 18156210
TI  - Stimulation of prostate cancer cellular proliferation and invasion by the
      androgen receptor co-activator ARA70.
AB  - ARA70 was first identified as a gene fused to the ret oncogene in thyroid
      carcinoma and subsequently as a co-activator for androgen receptor (AR). Two
      isoforms of ARA70 have been identified: a 70-kDa version called ARA70 alpha and
      an internally spliced 35-kDa variant termed ARA70 beta. We have previously
      reported that ARA70 alpha expression is reduced in prostate cancer, and its
      overexpression inhibits proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. However,
      the function of the ARA70 beta isoform in prostate cancer is not understood. In
      this report we examined the effects of ARA70 beta on AR transcriptional
      regulation as well as prostate cancer cellular proliferation and invasion.
      Although both ARA70 alpha and ARA70 beta functioned as transcriptional co
      activators of AR in cell-based reporter assays, ARA70 beta overexpression, in
      contrast to ARA70 alpha, promoted prostate cancer cellular proliferation and
      invasion through Matrigel. Interestingly, genome-wide expression profiling of
      cells expressing ARA70 beta revealed an increase in the expression of genes
      involved in the control of cell division and adhesion, compatible with a role for
      ARA70 beta in proliferation and invasion. Consistent with its function in
      promoting cell growth and invasion, ARA70 beta expression was increased in
      prostate cancer. Our findings implicate ARA70 beta as a regulator of tumor cell
      growth and metastasis by affecting gene expression.

PMID- 18156211
TI  - Regulation of endothelial cell cytoskeletal reorganization by a secreted frizzled
      related protein-1 and frizzled 4- and frizzled 7-dependent pathway: role in
      neovessel formation.
AB  - Consistent with findings of Wnt pathway members involved in vascular cells, a
      role for Wnt/Frizzled signaling has recently emerged in vascular cell
      development. Among the few Wnt family members implicated in vessel formation in
      adult, Wnt7b and Frizzled 4 have been shown as involved in vessel formation in
      the lung and in the retina, respectively. Our previous work has shown a role for
      secreted Frizzled-related protein-1 (sFRP-1), a proposed Wnt signaling inhibitor,
      in neovascularization after an ischemic event and demonstrated its role as a
      potent angiogenic factor. However the mechanisms involved have not been
      investigated. Here, we show that sFRP-1 treatment increases endothelial cell
      spreading on extracellular matrix as revealed by actin stress fiber
      reorganization in an integrin-dependent manner. We demonstrate that sFRP-1 can
      interact with Wnt receptors Frizzled 4 and 7 on endothelial cells to transduce
      downstream to cellular machineries requiring Rac-1 activity in cooperation with
      GSK-3beta. sFRP-1 overexpression in endothelium specifically reversed the
      inactivation of GSK-3 beta and increased neovascularization in ischemia-induced
      angiogenesis in mouse hindlimb. This study illustrates a regulated pathway by
      sFRP-1 involving GSK-3beta and Rac-1 in endothelial cell cytoskeletal
      reorganization and in neovessel formation.

PMID- 18156212
TI  - Dissociation of epithelial and neuroendocrine carcinoma lineages in the
      transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate model of prostate cancer.
AB  - The transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model is widely used in
      prostate cancer research because of rapid tumor onset and progression. The
      transgenic mouse is on a C57BL/6 (B6) background and expresses SV40 T-antigen
      under the probasin promoter. The strong genetic component of susceptibility to
      prostate cancer in humans prompted us to investigate the effect of mouse strain
      background (FVB and B6) on incidence, progression, and pathology of prostate
      cancer in this model. Because TRAMP lesions are unique but differ from
      conventional prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia because the epithelium and
      stroma are affected diffusely, we designated them as "atypical hyperplasia of
      Tag." Although the incidence and severity of atypical hyperplasia of Tag is
      similar, FVB-TRAMP mice live significantly shorter lives than B6-TRAMP mice
      because of the rapid development and progression of neuroendocrine carcinomas.
      This is associated with an increased frequency of neuroendocrine precursor
      lesions in young TRAMP mice, detectable at 4 weeks after birth. These lesions
      show properties of bipotential stem cells and co-express markers of epithelial (E
      cadherin) and neuroendocrine (synaptophysin) lineages, as well as the
      transcription factors Foxa1 and Foxa2. Transplantation studies using TRAMP
      prostatic ducts suggested that neuroendocrine carcinomas arise independently from
      atypical hyperplasias or other epithelial lesions. Adenocarcinomas were not seen
      in our cohort. Thus, neuroendocrine carcinomas are the principal malignancy in
      this model and may develop from bipotential progenitor cells at an early stage of
      prostate tumorigenesis.

PMID- 18156213
TI  - Evidence of a role for osteoprotegerin in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial
      hypertension.
AB  - Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PA-SMC) migration and proliferation are key
      processes in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Recent
      information suggests that abnormalities in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)
      receptor 2 (BMP-R2) signaling pathway are important in PAH pathogenesis. It
      remains unclear whether and how this pathway interacts with, for example,
      serotonin (5-HT) and inflammation to trigger and/or sustain the development of
      PAH. The secreted glycoprotein osteoprotegerin (OPG) is emerging as an important
      regulatory molecule in vascular biology and is modulated by BMPs, 5-HT, and
      interleukin-1 in other cell types. However, whether OPG is expressed by PA-SMCs
      within PAH lesions and plays a role in PAH is unknown. Immunohistochemistry of
      human PAH lesions demonstrated increased OPG expression, and OPG was
      significantly increased in idiopathic PAH patient serum. Recombinant OPG
      stimulated proliferation and migration of PA-SMCs in vitro, and BMP-R2 RNA
      interference increased OPG secretion. Additionally, both 5-HT and interleukin-1
      also increased OPG secretion. These data are the first to demonstrate that OPG is
      increased in PAH and that it can regulate PA-SMC proliferation and migration. OPG
      may provide a common link between the different pathways associated with the
      disease, potentially playing an important role in the pathogenesis of PAH.

PMID- 18156214
TI  - Galectin-3 gene inactivation reduces atherosclerotic lesions and adventitial
      inflammation in ApoE-deficient mice.
AB  - This study has examined the role of galectin-3 (GaL3), a multicompartmented N
      acetyllactosamine-binding chimeric lectin, on atherogenesis in the ApoE-deficient
      mouse model of atherosclerosis. Pathological changes consisting of atheromatous
      plaques, atherosclerotic microaneurysms extending into periaortic vascular
      channels, and adventitial and periaortic inflammatory infiltrates were assessed
      in an equal number (n = 36) of apolipoprotein (Apo)E-deficient mice and ApoE-GaL3
      double-knockout mice. These mice were divided into three age groups, 21 to 23
      weeks, 25 to 31 weeks, and 36 to 44 weeks of age. Results of this morphological
      analysis have shown an age-related increase in the incidence of aorta
      atheromatous plaques and periaortic vascular channels in ApoE-deficient mice. By
      contrast ApoE/GaL3 double-knockout mice did not show an increase in pathological
      changes with age. The 36- to 44-week group of ApoE(-/-)/GaL3(-/-) mice had a
      significantly lower number of atherosclerotic lesions (P < 0.004) and fewer
      atheromatous plaques (P < 0.008) when compared with ApoE(-/-)/GaL3+/+ mice of the
      same age. ApoE(-/-)/GaL3(-/-) mice had a lower number of perivascular
      inflammatory infiltrates and mast cells than those found in ApoE(-/-)/GaL3+/+
      mice. The reduced number of perivascular mast cells may have resulted in a low
      level of interleukin-4 that contributed to the reduction in the morphological
      parameters of atherogenesis correlated with the lack of GaL3 expression. The
      effect of GaL3 deficiency on atherogenesis decrease could be related to its
      function as a multifunctional protein implicated in macrophage chemotaxis,
      angiogenesis, lipid loading, and inflammation.

PMID- 18156215
TI  - Regulation of rice NADPH oxidase by binding of Rac GTPase to its N-terminal
      extension.
AB  - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase play critical roles in
      various cellular activities, including plant innate immunity response. In
      contrast with the large multiprotein NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes, in
      plants, only the homologs of the catalytic subunit gp91phox and the cytosolic
      regulator small GTPase Rac are found. Plant homologs of the gp91phox subunit are
      known as Rboh (for respiratory burst oxidase homolog). Although numerous Rboh
      have been isolated in plants, the regulation of enzymatic activity remains
      unknown. All rboh genes identified to date possess a conserved N-terminal
      extension that contains two Ca2+ binding EF-hand motifs. Previously, we
      ascertained that a small GTPase Rac (Os Rac1) enhanced pathogen-associated
      molecular pattern-induced ROS production and resistance to pathogens in rice
      (Oryza sativa). In this study, using yeast two-hybrid assay, we found that
      interaction between Rac GTPases and the N-terminal extension is ubiquitous and
      that a substantial part of the N-terminal region of Rboh, including the two EF
      hand motifs, is required for the interaction. The direct Rac-Rboh interaction was
      supported by further studies using in vitro pull-down assay, a nuclear magnetic
      resonance titration experiment, and in vivo fluorescence resonance energy
      transfer (FRET) microscopy. The FRET analysis also suggests that cytosolic Ca2+
      concentration may regulate Rac-Rboh interaction in a dynamic manner. Furthermore,
      transient coexpression of Os Rac1 and rbohB enhanced ROS production in Nicotiana
      benthamiana, suggesting that direct Rac-Rboh interaction may activate NADPH
      oxidase activity in plants. Taken together, the results suggest that cytosolic
      Ca2+ concentration may modulate NADPH oxidase activity by regulating the
      interaction between Rac GTPase and Rboh.

PMID- 18156216
TI  - RAR1 and HSP90 form a complex with Rac/Rop GTPase and function in innate-immune
      responses in rice.
AB  - A rice (Oryza sativa) Rac/Rop GTPase, Os Rac1, is involved in innate immunity,
      but its molecular function is largely unknown. RAR1 (for required for Mla12
      resistance) and HSP90 (a heat shock protein 90 kD) are important components of R
      gene-mediated disease resistance, and their function is conserved in several
      plant species. HSP90 has also recently been shown to be important in mammalian
      innate immunity. However, their functions at the molecular level are not well
      understood. In this study, we examined the functional relationships between Os
      Rac1, RAR1, and HSP90. Os RAR1-RNA interference (RNAi) rice plants had impaired
      basal resistance to a compatible race of the blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea and
      the virulent bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae. Constitutively active
      Os Rac1 complemented the loss of resistance, suggesting that Os Rac1 and RAR1 are
      functionally linked. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments with rice cell culture
      extracts indicate that Rac1 forms a complex with RAR1, HSP90, and HSP70 in vivo.
      Studies with Os RAR1-RNAi and treatment with geldanamycin, an HSP90-specific
      inhibitor, showed that RAR1 and HSP90 are essential for the Rac1-mediated
      enhancement of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immune responses
      in rice cell cultures. Furthermore, the function of HSP90, but not RAR1, may be
      essential for their association with the Rac1 complex. Os Rac1 also regulates
      RAR1 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Together, our results
      indicate that Rac1, RAR1, HSP90, and HSP70 form one or more protein complexes in
      rice cells and suggest that these proteins play important roles in innate
      immunity in rice.

PMID- 18156217
TI  - P-glycoprotein4 displays auxin efflux transporter-like action in Arabidopsis root
      hair cells and tobacco cells.
AB  - ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters transport diverse substrates across
      membranes in various organisms. However, plant ABC transporters have only been
      scantily characterized. By taking advantage of the auxin-sensitive Arabidopsis
      thaliana root hair cell and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension cell systems,
      we show here that Arabidopsis P-glycoprotein4 (PGP4) displays auxin efflux
      activity in plant cells. Root hair cell-specific overexpression of PGP4 (PGP4ox)
      and known auxin efflux transporters, such as PGP1, PGP19, and PIN-FORMEDs,
      decreased root hair elongation, whereas overexpression of the influx transporter
      AUXIN-RESISTANT1 enhanced root hair length. PGP4ox-mediated root hair shortening
      was rescued by the application of auxin or an auxin efflux inhibitor. These
      results indicate that the increased auxin efflux activity conferred by PGP4
      reduces auxin levels in the root hair cell and consequently inhibits root hair
      elongation. PGP4ox in tobacco suspension cells also increased auxin efflux. PGP4
      proteins were targeted to the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis root hair cells and
      tobacco cells without any clear subcellular polarity. Brefeldin A partially
      interfered with the trafficking of PGP4 reversibly, and this was rescued by
      pretreatment with auxin. These results suggest that PGP4 is an auxin efflux
      transporter in plants and that its trafficking to the plasma membrane involves
      both BFA-sensitive and -insensitive pathways.

PMID- 18156218
TI  - 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase 1 interacts with NORK and is
      crucial for nodulation in Medicago truncatula.
AB  - NORK in legumes encodes a receptor-like kinase that is required for Nod factor
      signaling and root nodule development. Using Medicago truncatula NORK as bait in
      a yeast two-hybrid assay, we identified 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase
      1 (Mt HMGR1) as a NORK interacting partner. HMGR1 belongs to a multigene family
      in M. truncatula, and different HMGR isoforms are key enzymes in the mevalonate
      biosynthetic pathway leading to the production of a diverse array of isoprenoid
      compounds. Testing other HMGR members revealed a specific interaction between
      NORK and HMGR1. Mutagenesis and deletion analysis showed that this interaction
      requires the cytosolic active kinase domain of NORK and the cytosolic catalytic
      domain of HMGR1. NORK homologs from Lotus japonicus and Sesbania rostrata also
      interacted with Mt HMGR1, but homologous nonsymbiotic kinases of M. truncatula
      did not. Pharmacological inhibition of HMGR activities decreased nodule number
      and delayed nodulation, supporting the importance of the mevalonate pathway in
      symbiotic development. Decreasing HMGR1 expression in M. truncatula transgenic
      roots by RNA interference led to a dramatic decrease in nodulation, confirming
      that HMGR1 is essential for nodule development. Recruitment of HMGR1 by NORK
      could be required for production of specific isoprenoid compounds, such as
      cytokinins, phytosteroids, or isoprenoid moieties involved in modification of
      signaling proteins.

PMID- 18156219
TI  - An endoplasmic reticulum stress response in Arabidopsis is mediated by
      proteolytic processing and nuclear relocation of a membrane-associated
      transcription factor, bZIP28.
AB  - Stresses leading to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic
      reticulum (ER) elicit a highly conserved ER stress response in plants called the
      unfolded protein response (UPR). While the response itself is well documented in
      plants, the components of the signaling pathway are less well known. We have
      identified three membrane-associated basic domain/leucine zipper (bZIP) factors
      in Arabidopsis thaliana that are candidates for ER stress sensors/transducers.
      One of these factors, bZIP28, an ER-resident transcription factor, is activated
      in response to treatment by tunicamycin (TM), an agent that blocks N-linked
      protein glycosylation. Following TM treatment, bZIP28 is processed, releasing its
      N-terminal, cytoplasm-facing domain, which is translocated to the nucleus.
      Expression of a truncated form of bZIP28, containing only the cytoplasmic domain
      of the protein, upregulated the expression of ER stress response genes in the
      absence of stress conditions. Thus, bZIP28 serves as a sensor/transducer in
      Arabidopsis to mediate ER stress responses related to UPR.

PMID- 18156221
TI  - Reducing the harms of alcohol in the UK.

PMID- 18156222
TI  - Combating poverty: the charade of development aid.

PMID- 18156220
TI  - Systemic and intracellular responses to photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis.
AB  - As the sun tracks daily through the sky from east to west, different parts of the
      canopy are exposed to high light (HL). The extent of and mechanisms by which a
      systemic acquired acclimation (SAA) response might preacclimate shaded leaves
      that will be subsequently exposed to full sunlight is largely undefined. We
      investigated the role of an Arabidopsis thaliana zinc finger transcription
      factor, ZAT10, in SAA. ZAT10 overexpression resulted in enhanced tolerance to
      photoinhibitory light and exogenous H2O2, increased expression of antioxidative
      genes whose products are targeted to multiple subcellular compartments. Partial
      HL exposure of a leaf or leaves rapidly induced ZAT10 mRNA in distal, shaded
      photosynthetic tissues, including the floral stem, cauline leaves, and rosette,
      but not in roots. Fully 86% of fivefold HL-upregulated and 71% of HL
      downregulated genes were induced and repressed, respectively, in distal, shaded
      leaves. Between 15 and 23% of genes whose expression changed in the HL and/or
      distal tissues were coexpressed in the ZAT10 overexpression plants, implicating
      ZAT10 in modulating the expression of SAA-regulated genes. The SAA response was
      detectable in plants with mutations in abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, or
      salicylic acid synthesis or perception, and systemic H2O2 diffusion was not
      detected. Hence, SAA is distinct from pathogen-stimulated systemic acquired
      resistance and apparently involves a novel signal or combination of signals that
      preacclimate photosynthetic tissues to HL.

PMID- 18156223
TI  - Web 3.0 and medicine.

PMID- 18156224
TI  - Competing risks of mortality with marathons: retrospective analysis.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine from a societal perspective the risk of sudden cardiac
      death associated with running in an organised marathon compared with the risk of
      dying from a motor vehicle crash that might otherwise have taken place if the
      roads had not been closed. DESIGN: Population based retrospective analysis with
      linked ecological comparisons of sudden death. SETTING: Marathons with at least
      1000 participants that had two decades of history and were on public roads in the
      United States, 1975-2004. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sudden death attributed to
      cardiac causes or to motor vehicle trauma. RESULTS: The marathons provided
      results for 3,292,268 runners on 750 separate days encompassing about 14 million
      hours of exercise. There were 26 sudden cardiac deaths observed, equivalent to a
      rate of 0.8 per 100,000 participants (95% confidence interval 0.5 to 1.1).
      Because of road closure, an estimated 46 motor vehicle fatalities were prevented,
      equivalent to a relative risk reduction of 35% (95% confidence interval 17% to
      49%). The net reduction in sudden death during marathons amounted to a ratio of
      about 1.8 crash deaths saved for each case of sudden cardiac death observed (95%
      confidence interval: 0.7 to 3.8). The net reduction in total deaths could not be
      explained by re-routing traffic to other regions or days and was consistent
      across different parts of the country, decades of the century, seasons of the
      year, days of the week, degree of competition, and course difficulty. CONCLUSION:
      Organised marathons are not associated with an increase in sudden deaths from a
      societal perspective, contrary to anecdotal impressions fostered by news media.

PMID- 18156225
TI  - Effect of altitude on physiological performance: a statistical analysis using
      results of international football games.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of altitude on match results and physiological
      performance of a large and diverse population of professional athletes. DESIGN:
      Statistical analysis of international football (soccer) scores and results. DATA
      RESOURCES: FIFA extensive database of 1460 football matches in 10 countries
      spanning over 100 years. RESULTS: Altitude had a significant (P<0.001) negative
      impact on physiological performance as revealed through the overall
      underperformance of low altitude teams when playing against high altitude teams
      in South America. High altitude teams score more and concede fewer goals with
      increasing altitude difference. Each additional 1000 m of altitude difference
      increases the goal difference by about half of a goal. The probability of the
      home team winning for two teams from the same altitude is 0.537, whereas this
      rises to 0.825 for a home team with an altitude difference of 3695 m (such as
      Bolivia v Brazil) and falls to 0.213 when the altitude difference is -3695 m
      (such as Brazil v Bolivia). CONCLUSIONS: Altitude provides a significant
      advantage for high altitude teams when playing international football games at
      both low and high altitudes. Lowland teams are unable to acclimatise to high
      altitude, reducing physiological performance. As physiological performance does
      not protect against the effect of altitude, better predictors of individual
      susceptibility to altitude illness would facilitate team selection.

PMID- 18156226
TI  - Champagne: the safer choice for celebrations.

PMID- 18156227
TI  - Comparison of energy expenditure in adolescents when playing new generation and
      sedentary computer games: cross sectional study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare the energy expenditure of adolescents when playing
      sedentary and new generation active computer games. DESIGN: Cross sectional
      comparison of four computer games. SETTING: Research laboratories. PARTICIPANTS:
      Six boys and five girls aged 13-15 years. Procedure Participants were fitted with
      a monitoring device validated to predict energy expenditure. They played four
      computer games for 15 minutes each. One of the games was sedentary (XBOX 360) and
      the other three were active (Wii Sports). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Predicted energy
      expenditure, compared using repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Mean
      (standard deviation) predicted energy expenditure when playing Wii Sports bowling
      (190.6 (22.2) kJ/kg/min), tennis (202.5 (31.5) kJ/kg/min), and boxing (198.1
      (33.9) kJ/kg/min) was significantly greater than when playing sedentary games
      (125.5 (13.7) kJ/kg/min) (P<0.001). Predicted energy expenditure was at least
      65.1 (95% confidence interval 47.3 to 82.9) kJ/kg/min greater when playing active
      rather than sedentary games. CONCLUSIONS: Playing new generation active computer
      games uses significantly more energy than playing sedentary computer games but
      not as much energy as playing the sport itself. The energy used when playing
      active Wii Sports games was not of high enough intensity to contribute towards
      the recommended daily amount of exercise in children.

PMID- 18156228
TI  - "Did you see it? Where did it go?".

PMID- 18156229
TI  - Accuracy of comparing bone quality to chocolate bars for patient information
      purposes: observational study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To test whether standard information for patients using Crunchie and
      Aero chocolate bars to explain bone health and risk of fracture is robust.
      DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Domestic kitchen in rural west Wales.
      PARTICIPANTS: 10 Crunchie bars and 10 Aero bars. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Fracture
      after falls from varying heights. RESULTS: Both Crunchie and Aero bars exhibited
      the same T and Z scores for bone density. Crunchie bars had a lower chocolate
      mass index than the Aero bars. Crunchie bars are more liable to fracture.
      CONCLUSIONS: Using Crunchie and Aero chocolate bars to explain bone structure to
      patients may be visually attractive but oversimplifies the situation.

PMID- 18156230
TI  - Dissent of the testis.

PMID- 18156231
TI  - Medical myths.

PMID- 18156232
TI  - Screening programme evaluation applied to airport security.

PMID- 18156233
TI  - Excuse me!

PMID- 18156234
TI  - Street slang and schizophrenia.

PMID- 18156235
TI  - Pimp my slang.

PMID- 18156236
TI  - Death messengers.

PMID- 18156237
TI  - Ghost in the machine?

PMID- 18156239
TI  - Classically intoxicated: correlations between quantity of alcohol consumed and
      alcohol related problems in a classical Greek text.

PMID- 18156238
TI  - Origins of magic: review of genetic and epigenetic effects.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the evidence for a genetic basis to magic. DESIGN:
      Literature review. SETTING: Harry Potter novels of J K Rowling. PARTICIPANTS:
      Muggles, witches, wizards, and squibs. INTERVENTIONS: Limited. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: Family and twin studies, magical ability, and specific magical skills.
      RESULTS: Magic shows strong evidence of heritability, with familial aggregation
      and concordance in twins. Evidence suggests magical ability to be a quantitative
      trait. Specific magical skills, notably being able to speak to snakes, predict
      the future, and change hair colour, all seem heritable. CONCLUSIONS: A multilocus
      model with a dominant gene for magic might exist, controlled epistatically by one
      or more loci, possibly recessive in nature. Magical enhancers regulating gene
      expressionmay be involved, combined with mutations at specific genes implicated
      in speech and hair colour such as FOXP2 and MCR1.

PMID- 18156240
TI  - Death delusion.

PMID- 18156241
TI  - The strange malady of Alessandro's uncle.

PMID- 18156242
TI  - The beautiful skull and Blumenbach's errors: the birth of the scientific concept
      of race.

PMID- 18156243
TI  - Public health activism: lessons from history?

PMID- 18156244
TI  - London's last remaining Georgian workhouse infirmary under threat.

PMID- 18156245
TI  - Enduring beliefs about effects of gassing in war: qualitative study.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To discover the content of enduring beliefs held by first world war
      veterans about their experience of having been gassed. DESIGN: Collection and
      thematic analysis of written and reported statements from a sample of veterans
      about gassing. SUBJECTS: 103 veterans with a war pension. RESULTS: Twelve themes
      were identified, which were related to individual statements. The systemic nature
      of chemical weapons played a key part in ideas and beliefs about their capacity
      to cause enduring harm to health. Unlike shrapnel or a bullet that had a defined
      physical presence, gas had unseen effects within the body, while its capacity to
      cause damage was apparent from vesicant effects to skin and eyes. The terror
      inspired by chemical weapons also served to maintain memories of being gassed,
      while anti-gas measures were themselves disconcerting or a source of discomfort.
      CONCLUSIONS: Chronic symptoms and work difficulties maintained beliefs about the
      potency of chemical weapons. In the period after the war, gas continued to
      inspire popular revulsion and was associated with a sense of unfairness.

PMID- 18156246
TI  - Visiting times.

PMID- 18156247
TI  - Climate change--2057.

PMID- 18156248
TI  - Sex, aggression, and humour: responses to unicycling.

PMID- 18156249
TI  - Life after retirement.

PMID- 18156250
TI  - Function of a mycobacterial major facilitator superfamily pump requires a
      membrane-associated lipoprotein.
AB  - The lprG-Rv1410c operon is critical for the survival of Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis during infection, but very little is known about the functions of
      its proteins. LprG is a lipoprotein, and Rv1410c encodes the major facilitator
      superfamily small molecule transporter P55. P55 likely exports small molecules
      outside of the bacterial cell, but the function of LprG is unclear. A deletion of
      the homologous operon in Mycobacterium smegmatis is more susceptible to ethidium
      bromide, and drug resistance is restored by the intact operon from M.
      tuberculosis. The multidrug resistance pump inhibitor reserpine inhibits
      resistance to ethidium bromide in both wild-type M. smegmatis and the
      complemented mutant, suggesting that P55-mediated transport is responsible for
      drug resistance and that ethidium bromide is a novel substrate for P55. In
      addition to hypersensitivity to ethidium bromide, cells that lack the lprG
      Rv1410c operon display abnormal colony morphology and are defective for sliding
      motility, properties that suggest an alteration of cell wall composition.
      Strikingly, both ethidium bromide transport and normal cell surface properties
      require functional P55 and LprG, as neither alone is sufficient to restore
      function to the deletion mutant. Thus, P55 requires the cell surface lipoprotein
      for normal function.

PMID- 18156251
TI  - Ammonia-induced formation of an AmtB-GlnK complex is not sufficient for
      nitrogenase regulation in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus.
AB  - A series of Rhodobacter capsulatus AmtB variants were created and assessed for
      effects on ammonia transport, formation of AmtB-GlnK complexes, and regulation of
      nitrogenase activity and NifH ADP-ribosylation. Confirming previous reports, H193
      and H342 were essential for ammonia transport and the replacement of aspartate
      185 with glutamate reduced ammonia transport. Several amino acid residues, F131,
      D334, and D335, predicted to be critical for AmtB activity, are shown here for
      the first time by mutational analysis to be essential for transport. Alterations
      of the C-terminal tail reduced methylamine transport, prevented AmtB-GlnK complex
      formation, and abolished nitrogenase switch-off and NifH ADP-ribosylation. On the
      other hand, D185E, with a reduced level of transport, was capable of forming an
      ammonium-induced complex with GlnK and regulating nitrogenase. This reinforces
      the notions that ammonia transport is not sufficient for nitrogenase regulation
      and that formation of an AmtB-GlnK complex is necessary for these processes.
      However, some transport-incompetent AmtB variants, i.e., F131A, H193A, and H342A,
      form ammonium-induced complexes with GlnK but fail to properly regulate
      nitrogenase. These results show that formation of an AmtB-GlnK complex is
      insufficient in itself for nitrogenase regulation and suggest that partial
      ammonia transport or occupation of the pore by ammonia is essential for this
      function.

PMID- 18156252
TI  - The target for the Pseudomonas putida Crc global regulator in the benzoate
      degradation pathway is the BenR transcriptional regulator.
AB  - Crc protein is a global regulator involved in catabolite repression control of
      several pathways for the assimilation of carbon sources in pseudomonads when
      other preferred substrates are present. In Pseudomonas putida cells growing
      exponentially in a complete medium containing benzoate, Crc strongly inhibits the
      expression of the benzoate degradation genes. These genes are organized into
      several transcriptional units. We show that Crc directly inhibits the expression
      of the peripheral genes that transform benzoate into catechol (the ben genes) but
      that its effect on genes corresponding to further steps of the pathway (the cat
      and pca genes of the central catechol and beta-ketoadipate pathways) is indirect,
      since these genes are not induced because the degradation intermediates, which
      act as inducers, are not produced. Crc inhibits the translation of target genes
      by binding to mRNA. The expression of the ben, cat, and pca genes requires the
      BenR, CatR, and PcaR transcriptional activators, respectively. Crc significantly
      reduced benABCD mRNA levels but did not affect those of benR. Crc bound to the 5'
      end of benR mRNA but not to equivalent regions of catR and pcaR mRNAs. A
      translational fusion of the benR and lacZ genes was sensitive to Crc, but a
      transcriptional fusion was not. We propose that Crc acts by reducing the
      translation of benR mRNA, decreasing BenR levels below those required for the
      full expression of the benABCD genes. This strategy provides great metabolic
      flexibility, allowing the hierarchical assimilation of different structurally
      related compounds that share a common central pathway by selectively regulating
      the entry of each substrate into the central pathway.

PMID- 18156253
TI  - Glycerate 2-kinase of Thermotoga maritima and genomic reconstruction of related
      metabolic pathways.
AB  - Members of a novel glycerate-2-kinase (GK-II) family were tentatively identified
      in a broad range of species, including eukaryotes and archaea and many bacteria
      that lack a canonical enzyme of the GarK (GK-I) family. The recently reported
      three-dimensional structure of GK-II from Thermotoga maritima (TM1585; PDB code
      2b8n) revealed a new fold distinct from other known kinase families. Here, we
      verified the enzymatic activity of TM1585, assessed its kinetic characteristics,
      and used directed mutagenesis to confirm the essential role of the two active
      site residues Lys-47 and Arg-325. The main objective of this study was to apply
      comparative genomics for the reconstruction of metabolic pathways associated with
      GK-II in all bacteria and, in particular, in T. maritima. Comparative analyses of
      approximately 400 bacterial genomes revealed a remarkable variety of pathways
      that lead to GK-II-driven utilization of glycerate via a
      glycolysis/gluconeogenesis route. In the case of T. maritima, a three-step serine
      degradation pathway was inferred based on the tentative identification of two
      additional enzymes, serine-pyruvate aminotransferase and hydroxypyruvate
      reductase (TM1400 and TM1401, respectively), that convert serine to glycerate via
      hydroxypyruvate. Both enzymatic activities were experimentally verified, and the
      entire pathway was validated by its in vitro reconstitution.

PMID- 18156254
TI  - The intracellular pathogen Rhodococcus equi produces a catecholate siderophore
      required for saprophytic growth.
AB  - Little is known about the iron acquisition systems of the soilborne facultative
      intracellular pathogen Rhodococcus equi. We previously reported that expression
      of iupABC, encoding a putative siderophore ABC transporter system, is iron
      regulated and required for growth at low iron concentrations. Here we show that
      disruption of iupA leads to the concomitant accumulation of catecholates and a
      chromophore with absorption maxima at 341 and 528 nm during growth under iron
      replete conditions. In contrast, the wild-type strain produces these compounds
      only in iron-depleted medium. Disruption of iupU and iupS, encoding nonribosomal
      peptide synthetases, prevented growth of the corresponding R. equi SID1 and SID3
      mutants at low iron concentrations. However, only R. equi SID3 did not produce
      the chromophore produced by the wild-type strain during growth at low iron
      concentrations. The phenotype of R. equi SID3, but not that of R. equi SID1,
      could be rescued by coculture with the wild type, allowing growth at low iron
      concentrations. This strongly suggests that the product of the iupS gene is
      responsible for the synthesis of a diffusible compound required for growth at low
      iron concentrations. Transcription of iupU was constitutive, but that of iupS was
      iron regulated, with an induction of 3 orders of magnitude during growth in iron
      depleted compared to iron-replete medium. Neither mutant was attenuated in vivo
      in a mouse infection model, indicating that the iupU- and iupS-encoded iron
      acquisition systems are primarily involved in iron uptake during saprophytic
      life.

PMID- 18156255
TI  - In situ growth rates and biofilm development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      populations in chronic lung infections.
AB  - The growth dynamics of bacterial pathogens within infected hosts are a
      fundamental but poorly understood feature of most infections. We have focused on
      the in situ distribution and growth characteristics of two prevailing and
      transmissible Pseudomonas aeruginosa clones that have caused chronic lung
      infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients for more than 20 years. We used
      fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) directly on sputum specimens to examine
      the spatial distribution of the infecting P. aeruginosa cells. Mucoid variants
      were present in sputum as cell clusters surrounded by an extracellular matrix,
      whereas nonmucoid variants were present mainly as dispersed cells. To obtain
      estimates of the growth rates of P. aeruginosa in CF lungs, we used quantitative
      FISH to indirectly measure growth rates of bacteria in sputum samples (reflecting
      the in vivo lung conditions). The concentration of rRNA in bacteria isolated from
      sputa was measured and correlated with the rRNA contents of the same bacteria
      growing in vitro at defined rates. The results showed that most cells were
      actively growing with doubling times of between 100 and 200 min, with some
      growing even faster. Only a small stationary-phase subpopulation seemed to be
      present in sputa. This was found for both mucoid and nonmucoid variants despite
      their different organizations in sputum. The results suggest that the bacterial
      population may be confronted with selection forces that favor optimized growth
      activities. This scenario constitutes a new perspective on the adaptation and
      evolution of P. aeruginosa during chronic infections in CF patients in particular
      and on long-term infections in general.

PMID- 18156256
TI  - lfnA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa O12 and wbuX from Escherichia coli O145 encode
      membrane-associated proteins and are required for expression of 2,6-dideoxy-2
      acetamidino-L-galactose in lipopolysaccharide O antigen.
AB  - The rare sugar 2,6-dideoxy-2-acetamidino-L-galactose (L-FucNAm) is found only in
      bacteria and is a component of cell surface glycans in a number of pathogenic
      species, including the O antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O12 and
      Escherichia coli O145. P. aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen, and
      the O12 serotype is associated with multidrug-resistant epidemic outbreaks. O145
      is one of the classic non-O157 serotypes associated with Shiga toxin-producing,
      enterohemorrhagic E. coli. The acetamidino (NAm) moiety of L-FucNAm is of
      interest, because at neutral pH it contributes a positive charge to the cell
      surface, and we aimed to characterize the biosynthesis of this functional group.
      The pathway is not known, but expression of NAm-modified sugars coincides with
      the presence of a pseA homologue in the relevant biosynthetic locus. PseA is a
      putative amidotransferase required for synthesis of a NAm-modified sugar in
      Campylobacter jejuni. In P. aeruginosa O12 and E. coli O145, the pseA homologues
      are lfnA and wbuX, respectively, and we hypothesized that these genes function in
      L-FucNAm biosynthesis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      Western blotting, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the lfnA mutant O
      antigen structure indicated that the mutant expresses 2,6-dideoxy-2-acetamido-L
      galactose (L-FucNAc) in place of L-FucNAm. The mutation could be complemented by
      expression of either His(6)-tagged lfnA or wbuX in trans, confirming that these
      genes are functional homologues and that they are required for NAm moiety
      synthesis. Both proteins retained their activity when fused to a His(6) tag and
      localized to the membrane fraction. These data will assist future biochemical
      investigation of this pathway.

PMID- 18156257
TI  - Pseudomonas syringae BetT is a low-affinity choline transporter that is
      responsible for superior osmoprotection by choline over glycine betaine.
AB  - The plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae derives better osmoprotection from
      choline than from glycine betaine, unlike most bacteria that have been
      characterized. In this report, we identified a betaine/carnitine/choline family
      transporter (BCCT) in P. syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 that mediates the
      transport of choline and acetylcholine. This transporter has a particularly low
      affinity (K(m) of 876 microM) and high capacity (V(max) of 80 nmol/min/mg of
      protein) for choline transport relative to other known BCCTs. Although BetT
      activity increased in response to hyperosmolarity, BetT mediated significant
      uptake under low-osmolarity conditions, suggesting a role in transport for both
      osmoprotection and catabolism. Growth studies with mutants deficient in BetT and
      other choline transporters demonstrated that BetT was responsible for the
      superior osmoprotection conferred to P. syringae by choline over glycine betaine
      when these compounds were provided at high concentrations (>100 microM). These
      results suggest that P. syringae has evolved to survive in relatively choline
      rich habitats, a prediction that is supported by the common association of P.
      syringae with plants and the widespread production of choline, but genus- and
      species-specific production of glycine betaine, by plants. Among the three
      putative BCCT family transporters in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and six in
      Pseudomonas putida, different transporters were predicted to function based on
      similarity to Escherichia coli BetT than to P. syringae BetT. Functional P.
      putida and P. aeruginosa transporters were identified, and their possession of a
      long C-terminal tail suggested an osmoregulatory function for this tail; this
      function was confirmed for P. syringae BetT using deletion derivatives.

PMID- 18156259
TI  - Altered utilization of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine by Escherichia coli O157:H7 from
      the 2006 spinach outbreak.
AB  - In silico analyses of previously sequenced strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7,
      EDL933 and Sakai, localized the gene cluster for the utilization of N-acetyl-D
      galactosamine (Aga) and D-galactosamine (Gam). This gene cluster encodes the Aga
      phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) and other
      catabolic enzymes responsible for transport and catabolism of Aga. As the
      complete coding sequences for enzyme IIA (EIIA)(Aga/Gam), EIIB(Aga), EIIC(Aga),
      and EIID(Aga) of the Aga PTS are present, E. coli O157:H7 strains normally are
      able to utilize Aga as a sole carbon source. The Gam PTS complex, in contrast,
      lacks EIIC(Gam), and consequently, E. coli O157:H7 strains cannot utilize Gam.
      Phenotypic analyses of 120 independent isolates of E. coli O157:H7 from our
      culture collection revealed that the overwhelming majority (118/120) displayed
      the expected Aga+ Gam- phenotype. Yet, when 194 individual isolates, derived from
      a 2006 spinach-associated E. coli O157:H7 outbreak, were analyzed, all (194/194)
      displayed an Aga- Gam- phenotype. Comparison of aga/gam sequences from two
      spinach isolates with those of EDL933 and Sakai revealed a single nucleotide
      change (G:C-->A:T) in the agaF gene in the spinach-associated isolates. The base
      substitution in agaF, which encodes EIIA(Aga/Gam) of the PTS, changes a conserved
      glycine residue to serine (Gly91Ser). Pyrosequencing of this region showed that
      all spinach-associated E. coli O157:H7 isolates harbored this same G:C-->A:T
      substitution. Notably, when agaF+ was cloned into an expression vector and
      transformed into six spinach isolates, all (6/6) were able to grow on Aga, thus
      demonstrating that the Gly91Ser substitution underlies the Aga- phenotype in
      these isolates.

PMID- 18156258
TI  - Role of accessory DNA polymerases in DNA replication in Escherichia coli:
      analysis of the dnaX36 mutator mutant.
AB  - The dnaX36(TS) mutant of Escherichia coli confers a distinct mutator phenotype
      characterized by enhancement of transversion base substitutions and certain (-1)
      frameshift mutations. Here, we have further investigated the possible
      mechanism(s) underlying this mutator effect, focusing in particular on the role
      of the various E. coli DNA polymerases. The dnaX gene encodes the tau subunit of
      DNA polymerase III (Pol III) holoenzyme, the enzyme responsible for replication
      of the bacterial chromosome. The dnaX36 defect resides in the C-terminal domain V
      of tau, essential for interaction of tau with the alpha (polymerase) subunit,
      suggesting that the mutator phenotype is caused by an impaired or altered alpha
      tau interaction. We previously proposed that the mutator activity results from
      aberrant processing of terminal mismatches created by Pol III insertion errors.
      The present results, including lack of interaction of dnaX36 with mutM, mutY, and
      recA defects, support our assumption that dnaX36-mediated mutations originate as
      errors of replication rather than DNA damage-related events. Second, an important
      role is described for DNA Pol II and Pol IV in preventing and producing,
      respectively, the mutations. In the system used, a high fraction of the mutations
      is dependent on the action of Pol IV in a (dinB) gene dosage-dependent manner.
      However, an even larger but opposing role is deduced for Pol II, revealing Pol II
      to be a major editor of Pol III mediated replication errors. Overall, the results
      provide insight into the interplay of the various DNA polymerases, and of tau
      subunit, in securing a high fidelity of replication.

PMID- 18156261
TI  - Genetic evidence for the actin homolog gene mreBH and the bacitracin resistance
      gene bcrC as targets of the alternative sigma factor SigI of Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - The Bacillus subtilis sigI gene, which is a member of the class VI heat shock
      genes of the B. subtilis heat shock stimulon, encodes an alternative sigma factor
      whose regulon is poorly defined. In this study, by using a binary vector system,
      we showed that B. subtilis SigI could drive expression of a transcriptional
      fusion between the sigI regulatory region from Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus
      sp. strain NRRL B-14911, B. subtilis, or Bacillus thuringiensis and the xylE
      reporter gene in B. subtilis. The transcriptional initiation sites of these
      fusions in B. subtilis were mapped by primer extension analyses. A putative
      consensus promoter sequence probably recognized by the B. subtilis SigI was thus
      deduced. Using a consensus sequence-based search procedure, we found putative
      sigmaI promoters preceding the actin homolog gene mreBH and the bacitracin
      resistance gene bcrC of B. subtilis. Overexpression of the B. subtilis sigI gene
      could specifically stimulate expression of both an mreBH promoter region-bgaB
      fusion and a bcrC promoter region-bgaB fusion. Expression of these two fusions at
      the amyE locus of the B. subtilis chromosome was heat inducible and SigI
      dependent as revealed by sigI gene disruption experiments. Primer extension
      analysis showed that the identified mreBH and bcrC transcriptional start sites
      were at appropriate distances from their sigmaI promoter elements. This further
      supports the notion that SigI can directly regulate mreBH and bcrC expression.
      Taken together, these results strongly suggest that mreBH and bcrC are new
      members of the SigI regulon.

PMID- 18156260
TI  - Transcriptome analysis of sorbic acid-stressed Bacillus subtilis reveals a
      nutrient limitation response and indicates plasma membrane remodeling.
AB  - The weak organic acid sorbic acid is a commonly used food preservative, as it
      inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds. We have used genome-wide
      transcriptional profiling of Bacillus subtilis cells during mild sorbic acid
      stress to reveal the growth-inhibitory activity of this preservative and to
      identify potential resistance mechanisms. Our analysis demonstrated that sorbic
      acid-stressed cells induce responses normally seen upon nutrient limitation. This
      is indicated by the strong derepression of the CcpA, CodY, and Fur regulon and
      the induction of tricarboxylic acid cycle genes, SigL- and SigH-mediated genes,
      and the stringent response. Intriguingly, these conditions did not lead to the
      activation of sporulation, competence, or the general stress response. The fatty
      acid biosynthesis (fab) genes and BkdR-regulated genes are upregulated, which may
      indicate plasma membrane remodeling. This was further supported by the reduced
      sensitivity toward the fab inhibitor cerulenin upon sorbic acid stress. We are
      the first to present a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional response of
      B. subtilis to sorbic acid stress.

PMID- 18156262
TI  - The AraC-like transcriptional regulator DhbR is required for maximum expression
      of the 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid biosynthesis genes in Brucella abortus 2308 in
      response to iron deprivation.
AB  - Phenotypic evaluation of isogenic mutants derived from Brucella abortus 2308
      indicates that the AlcR homolog DhbR (2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid [2,3-DHBA]
      biosynthesis regulator) modulates the expression of the genes involved in 2,3
      DHBA production, employing 2,3-DHBA or brucebactin as a coinducer.

PMID- 18156263
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus CodY negatively regulates virulence gene expression.
AB  - CodY is a global regulatory protein that was first discovered in Bacillus
      subtilis, where it couples gene expression to changes in the pools of critical
      metabolites through its activation by GTP and branched-chain amino acids.
      Homologs of CodY can be found encoded in the genomes of nearly all low-G+C gram
      positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. The introduction of a codY
      null mutation into two S. aureus clinical isolates, SA564 and UAMS-1, through
      allelic replacement, resulted in the overexpression of several virulence genes.
      The mutant strains had higher levels of hemolytic activity toward rabbit
      erythrocytes in their culture fluid, produced more polysaccharide intercellular
      adhesin (PIA), and formed more robust biofilms than did their isogenic parent
      strains. These phenotypes were associated with derepressed levels of RNA for the
      hemolytic alpha-toxin (hla), the accessory gene regulator (agr) (RNAII and
      RNAIII/hld), and the operon responsible for the production of PIA (icaADBC).
      These data suggest that CodY represses, either directly or indirectly, the
      synthesis of a number of virulence factors of S. aureus.

PMID- 18156264
TI  - LuxG is a functioning flavin reductase for bacterial luminescence.
AB  - The luxG gene is part of the lux operon of marine luminous bacteria. luxG has
      been proposed to be a flavin reductase that supplies reduced flavin
      mononucleotide (FMN) for bacterial luminescence. However, this role has never
      been established because the gene product has not been successfully expressed and
      characterized. In this study, luxG from Photobacterium leiognathi TH1 was cloned
      and expressed in Escherichia coli in both native and C-terminal His6-tagged
      forms. Sequence analysis indicates that the protein consists of 237 amino acids,
      corresponding to a subunit molecular mass of 26.3 kDa. Both expressed forms of
      LuxG were purified to homogeneity, and their biochemical properties were
      characterized. Purified LuxG is homodimeric and has no bound prosthetic group.
      The enzyme can catalyze oxidation of NADH in the presence of free flavin,
      indicating that it can function as a flavin reductase in luminous bacteria. NADPH
      can also be used as a reducing substrate for the LuxG reaction, but with much
      less efficiency than NADH. With NADH and FMN as substrates, a Lineweaver-Burk
      plot revealed a series of convergent lines characteristic of a ternary-complex
      kinetic model. From steady-state kinetics data at 4 degrees C pH 8.0, Km for
      NADH, Km for FMN, and kcat were calculated to be 15.1 microM, 2.7 microM, and 1.7
      s(-1), respectively. Coupled assays between LuxG and luciferases from P.
      leiognathi TH1 and Vibrio campbellii also showed that LuxG could supply FMNH- for
      light emission in vitro. A luxG gene knockout mutant of P. leiognathi TH1
      exhibited a much dimmer luminescent phenotype compared to the native P.
      leiognathi TH1, implying that LuxG is the most significant source of FMNH- for
      the luminescence reaction in vivo.

PMID- 18156265
TI  - Anaerobic metabolism of catechol by the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica-
      a result of promiscuous enzymes and regulators?
AB  - The anaerobic metabolism of catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene) was studied in the
      betaproteobacterium Thauera aromatica that was grown with CO2 as a cosubstrate
      and nitrate as an electron acceptor. Based on different lines of evidence and on
      our knowledge of enzymes and genes involved in the anaerobic metabolism of other
      aromatic substrates, the following pathway is proposed. Catechol is converted to
      catechylphosphate by phenylphosphate synthase, which is followed by carboxylation
      by phenylphosphate carboxylase at the para position to the phosphorylated
      phenolic hydroxyl group. The product, protocatechuate (3,4-dihydroxybenzoate), is
      converted to its coenzyme A (CoA) thioester by 3-hydroxybenzoate-CoA ligase.
      Protocatechuyl-CoA is reductively dehydroxylated to 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA,
      possibly by 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase. 3-Hydroxybenzoyl-CoA is further
      metabolized by reduction of the aromatic ring catalyzed by an ATP-driven benzoyl
      CoA reductase. Hence, the promiscuity of several enzymes and regulatory proteins
      may be sufficient to create the catechol pathway that is made up of elements of
      phenol, 3-hydroxybenzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, and benzoate metabolism.

PMID- 18156266
TI  - The LysR-type transcriptional regulator LeuO controls expression of several genes
      in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.
AB  - LeuO is a LysR-type transcriptional regulator that has been implicated in the
      bacterial stringent response and in the virulence of Salmonella. A genomic
      analysis with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi revealed that LeuO is a positive
      regulator of OmpS1, OmpS2, AssT, and STY3070. In contrast, LeuO down-regulated
      the expression of OmpX, Tpx, and STY1978. Transcriptional fusions supported the
      positive and negative LeuO regulation. Expression of ompS1, assT, and STY3070 was
      induced in an hns mutant, consistent with the notion that H-NS represses these
      genes; transcriptional activity was lower for tpx and STY1978 in an hns
      background, suggesting that this global regulatory protein has a positive effect.
      In contrast, ompS2 and ompX expression appeared to be H-NS independent. LeuO
      specifically bound to the 5' intergenic regions of ompS2, assT, STY3070, ompX,
      and tpx, while it was not observed to bind to the promoter region of STY1978,
      suggesting that LeuO regulates in direct and indirect ways. In this work, a novel
      set of genes belonging to the LeuO regulon are described; interestingly, these
      genes are involved in a variety of biological processes, suggesting that LeuO is
      a global regulator in Salmonella.

PMID- 18156267
TI  - A common virulence plasmid in biotype 2 Vibrio vulnificus and its dissemination
      aided by a conjugal plasmid.
AB  - Strains of Vibrio vulnificus, a marine bacterial species pathogenic for humans
      and eels, are divided into three biotypes, and those virulent for eels are
      classified as biotype 2. All biotype 2 strains possess one or more plasmids,
      which have been shown to harbor the biotype 2-specific DNA sequences. In this
      study we determined the DNA sequences of three biotype 2 plasmids: pR99 (68.4
      kbp) in strain CECT4999 and pC4602-1 (56.6 kb) and pC4602-2 (66.9 kb) in strain
      CECT4602. Plasmid pC4602-2 showed 92% sequence identity with pR99. Curing of pR99
      from strain CECT4999 resulted in loss of resistance to eel serum and virulence
      for eels but had no effect on the virulence for mice, an animal model, and
      resistance to human serum. Plasmids pC4602-2 and pR99 could be transferred to the
      plasmid-cured strain by conjugation in the presence of pC4602-1, which was self
      transmissible, and acquisition of pC4602-2 restored the virulence of the cured
      strain for eels. Therefore, both pR99 and pC4602-2 were virulence plasmids for
      eels but not mice. A gene in pR99, which encoded a novel protein and had an
      equivalent in pC4602-2, was further shown to be essential, but not sufficient,
      for the resistance to eel serum and virulence for eels. There was evidence
      showing that pC4602-2 may form a cointegrate with pC4602-1. An investigation of
      six other biotype 2 strains for the presence of various plasmid markers revealed
      that they all harbored the virulence plasmid and four of them possessed the
      conjugal plasmid in addition.

PMID- 18156268
TI  - Genetic analysis of lipooligosaccharide core biosynthesis in Campylobacter jejuni
      81-176.
AB  - We report isolation and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 lgtF and
      galT lipooligosaccharide (LOS) core mutants. It has been suggested that the lgtF
      gene of C. jejuni encodes a two-domain glucosyltransferase that is responsible
      for the transfer of a beta-1,4-glucose residue on heptosyltransferase I (Hep I)
      and for the transfer of a beta-1,2-glucose residue on Hep II. A site-specific
      mutation in the lgtF gene of C. jejuni 81-176 resulted in expression of a
      truncated LOS, and complementation of the mutant in trans restored the core
      mobility to that of the wild type. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic
      resonance of the truncated LOS confirmed the loss of two glucose residues, a beta
      1,4-glucose on Hep I and a beta-1,2-glucose on Hep II. Mutation of another gene,
      galT, encoding a glycosyltransferase, which maps outside the region defined as
      the LOS biosynthetic locus in C. jejuni 81-176, resulted in loss of the beta
      (1,4)-galactose residue and all distal residues in the core. Both mutants invaded
      intestinal epithelial cells in vitro at levels comparable to the wild-type
      levels, in marked contrast to a deeper inner core waaC mutant. These studies have
      important implications for the role of LOS in the pathogenesis of Campylobacter
      mediated infection.

PMID- 18156269
TI  - Mutation at different sites in the Nostoc punctiforme cyaC gene, encoding the
      multiple-domain enzyme adenylate cyclase, results in different levels of
      infection of the host plant Blasia pusilla.
AB  - The filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme forms symbioses with plants.
      Disruption of the catalytic domain of the N. punctiforme adenylate cyclase (CyaC)
      significantly increased symbiotic competence, whereas reduced infectivity was
      observed in a mutant with a disruption close to the N terminus of CyaC. The total
      cellular cyclic AMP levels were significantly reduced in both mutants.

PMID- 18156270
TI  - RhaU of Rhizobium leguminosarum is a rhamnose mutarotase.
AB  - Of the nine genes comprising the L-rhamnose operon of Rhizobium leguminosarum,
      rhaU has not been assigned a function. The construction of a Delta rhaU strain
      revealed a growth phenotype that was slower than that of the wild-type strain,
      although the ultimate cell yields were equivalent. The transport of L-rhamnose
      into the cell and the rate of its phosphorylation were unaffected by the
      mutation. RhaU exhibits weak sequence similarity to the formerly hypothetical
      protein YiiL of Escherichia coli that has recently been characterized as an L
      rhamnose mutarotase. To characterize RhaU further, a His-tagged variant of the
      protein was prepared and subjected to mass spectrometry analysis, confirming the
      subunit size and demonstrating its dimeric structure. After crystallization, the
      structure was refined to a 1.6-A resolution to reveal a dimer in the asymmetric
      unit with a very similar structure to that of YiiL. Soaking a RhaU crystal with L
      rhamnose resulted in the appearance of beta-L-rhamnose in the active site.

PMID- 18156271
TI  - Localization and interactions of teichoic acid synthetic enzymes in Bacillus
      subtilis.
AB  - The thick wall of gram-positive bacteria is a polymer meshwork composed
      predominantly of peptidoglycan (PG) and teichoic acids, both of which have a
      critical function in maintenance of the structural integrity and the shape of the
      cell. In Bacillus subtilis 168 the major teichoic acid is covalently coupled to
      PG and is known as wall teichoic acid (WTA). Recently, PG insertion/degradation
      over the lateral wall has been shown to occur in a helical pattern. However, the
      spatial organization of WTA assembly and its relationship with cell shape and PG
      assembly are largely unknown. We have characterized the localization of green
      fluorescent protein fusions to proteins involved in several steps of WTA
      synthesis in B. subtilis: TagB, -F, -G, -H, and -O. All of these localized
      similarly to the inner side of the cytoplasmic membrane, in a pattern strikingly
      similar to that displayed by probes of nascent PG. Helix-like localization
      patterns are often attributable to the morphogenic cytoskeletal proteins of the
      MreB family. However, localization of the Tag proteins did not appear to be
      substantially affected by single disruption of any of the three MreB homologues
      of B. subtilis. Bacterial and yeast two-hybrid experiments revealed a complex
      network of interactions involving TagA, -B, -E, -F, -G, -H, and -O and the cell
      shape determinants MreC and MreD (encoded by the mreBCD operon and presumably
      involved in the spatial organization of PG synthesis). Taken together, our
      results suggest that, in B. subtilis at least, the synthesis and export of WTA
      precursors are mediated by a large multienzyme complex that may be associated
      with the PG-synthesizing machinery.

PMID- 18156272
TI  - Precise region and the character of the pathogenicity island in clinical Vibrio
      parahaemolyticus strains.
AB  - In this study, we determined the borders of the pathogenicity island in V.
      parahaemolyticus RIMD2210633 (Vp-PAI). Vp-PAI has features in common with Tn7 and
      other related elements at both terminal ends. Our findings indicate that the
      mobile element with a transposase which contains the DDE motif may have been
      involved in Vp-PAI formation.

PMID- 18156273
TI  - The bifunctional flavokinase/flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase from
      Streptomyces davawensis produces inactive flavin cofactors and is not involved in
      resistance to the antibiotic roseoflavin.
AB  - Streptomyces davawensis synthesizes the antibiotic roseoflavin, one of the few
      known natural riboflavin analogs, and is roseoflavin resistant. It is thought
      that the endogenous flavokinase (EC 2.7.1.26)/flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
      synthetase (EC 2.7.7.2) activities of roseoflavin-sensitive organisms are
      responsible for the antibiotic effect of roseoflavin, producing the inactive
      cofactors roseoflavin-5'-monophosphate (RoFMN) and roseoflavin adenine
      dinucleotide (RoFAD) from roseoflavin. To confirm this, the FAD-dependent Sus
      scrofa D-amino acid oxidase (EC 1.4.3.3) was tested with RoFAD as a cofactor and
      found to be inactive. It was hypothesized that a flavokinase/FAD synthetase
      (RibC) highly specific for riboflavin may be present in S. davawensis, which
      would not allow the formation of toxic RoFMN/RoFAD. The gene ribC from S.
      davawensis was cloned. RibC from S. davawensis was overproduced in Escherichia
      coli and purified. Analysis of the flavokinase activity of RibC revealed that the
      S. davawensis enzyme is not riboflavin specific (roseoflavin, kcat/Km = 1.7 10(
      2) microM(-1) s(-1); riboflavin, kcat/Km = 7.5 10(-3) microM(-1) s(-1)). Similar
      results were obtained for RibC from the roseoflavin-sensitive bacterium Bacillus
      subtilis (roseoflavin, kcat/Km = 1.3 10(-2) microM(-1) s(-1); riboflavin, kcat/Km
      = 1.3 10(-2) microM(-1) s(-1)). Both RibC enzymes synthesized RoFAD and RoFMN.
      The functional expression of S. davawensis ribC did not confer roseoflavin
      resistance to a ribC-defective B. subtilis strain.

PMID- 18156274
TI  - Reinvestigation of the steady-state kinetics and physiological function of the
      soluble NiFe-hydrogenase I of Pyrococcus furiosus.
AB  - Pyrococcus furiosus has two types of NiFe-hydrogenases: a heterotetrameric
      soluble hydrogenase and a multimeric transmembrane hydrogenase. Originally, the
      soluble hydrogenase was proposed to be a new type of H2 evolution hydrogenase,
      because, in contrast to all of the then known NiFe-hydrogenases, the hydrogen
      production activity at 80 degrees C was found to be higher than the hydrogen
      consumption activity and CO inhibition appeared to be absent. NADPH was proposed
      to be the electron donor. Later, it was found that the membrane-bound hydrogenase
      exhibits very high hydrogen production activity sufficient to explain cellular H2
      production levels, and this seems to eliminate the need for a soluble hydrogen
      production activity and therefore leave the soluble hydrogenase without a
      physiological function. Therefore, the steady-state kinetics of the soluble
      hydrogenase were reinvestigated. In contrast to previous reports, a low Km for H2
      (approximately 20 microM) was found, which suggests a relatively high affinity
      for hydrogen. Also, the hydrogen consumption activity was 1 order of magnitude
      higher than the hydrogen production activity, and CO inhibition was significant
      (50% inhibition with 20 microM dissolved CO). Since the Km for NADP+ is
      approximately 37 microM, we concluded that the soluble hydrogenase from P.
      furiosus is likely to function in the regeneration of NADPH and thus reuses the
      hydrogen produced by the membrane-bound hydrogenase in proton respiration.

PMID- 18156276
TI  - Distinct roles for two CYP226 family cytochromes P450 in abietane diterpenoid
      catabolism by Burkholderia xenovorans LB400.
AB  - The 80-kb dit cluster of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 encodes the catabolism of
      abietane diterpenoids. This cluster includes ditQ and ditU, predicted to encode
      cytochromes P450 (P450s) belonging to the poorly characterized CYP226A subfamily.
      Using proteomics, we identified 16 dit-encoded proteins that were significantly
      more abundant in LB400 cells grown on dehydroabietic acid (DhA) or abietic acid
      (AbA) than in succinate-grown cells. A key difference in the catabolism of DhA
      and AbA lies in the differential expression of the P450s; DitU was detected only
      in the AbA-grown cells, whereas DitQ was expressed both during growth on DhA and
      during growth on AbA. Analyses of insertion mutants showed that ditQ was required
      for growth on DhA, ditU was required for growth on AbA, and neither gene was
      required for growth on the central intermediate, 7-oxo-DhA. In cell suspension
      assays, patterns of substrate removal and metabolite accumulation confirmed the
      role of DitU in AbA transformation and the role of DitQ in DhA transformation.
      Spectral assays revealed that DitQ binds both DhA (dissociation constant, 0.98 +/
      0.01 microM) and palustric acid. Finally, DitQ transformed DhA to 7-hydroxy-DhA
      in vitro. These results demonstrate the distinct roles of the P450s DitQ and DitU
      in the transformation of DhA and AbA, respectively, to 7-oxo-DhA in a convergent
      degradation pathway.

PMID- 18156275
TI  - Large-scale transposon mutagenesis of Photobacterium profundum SS9 reveals new
      genetic loci important for growth at low temperature and high pressure.
AB  - Microorganisms adapted to piezopsychrophilic growth dominate the majority of the
      biosphere that is at relatively constant low temperatures and high pressures, but
      the genetic bases for the adaptations are largely unknown. Here we report the use
      of transposon mutagenesis with the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium profundum
      strain SS9 to isolate dozens of mutant strains whose growth is impaired at low
      temperature and/or whose growth is altered as a function of hydrostatic pressure.
      In many cases the gene mutation-growth phenotype relationship was verified by
      complementation analysis. The largest fraction of loci associated with
      temperature sensitivity were involved in the biosynthesis of the cell envelope,
      in particular the biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharide. The largest
      fraction of loci associated with pressure sensitivity were involved in
      chromosomal structure and function. Genes for ribosome assembly and function were
      found to be important for both low-temperature and high-pressure growth.
      Likewise, both adaptation to temperature and adaptation to pressure were affected
      by mutations in a number of sensory and regulatory loci, suggesting the
      importance of signal transduction mechanisms in adaptation to either physical
      parameter. These analyses were the first global analyses of genes conditionally
      required for low-temperature or high-pressure growth in a deep-sea microorganism.

PMID- 18156277
TI  - Transcriptional regulation of the Clostridium cellulolyticum cip-cel operon: a
      complex mechanism involving a catabolite-responsive element.
AB  - The cip-cel cluster of genes plays an important role in the catabolism of the
      substrate cellulose by Clostridium cellulolyticum. It encodes several key
      components of the cellulosomes, including the scaffolding protein CipC and the
      major cellulase Cel48F. All the genes of this cluster display linked
      transcription, focusing attention on the promoter upstream from the first gene,
      cipC. We analyzed the regulation of the cipC promoter using a transcriptional
      fusion approach. A single promoter is located between nucleotides -671 and -643
      with respect to the ATG start codon, and the large mRNA leader sequence is
      processed at position -194. A catabolite-responsive element (CRE) 414 nucleotides
      downstream from the transcriptional start site has been shown to be involved in
      regulating this operon by a carbon catabolite repression mechanism. This CRE is
      thought to bind a CcpA-like regulator complexed with a P-Ser-Crh-like protein.
      Sequences surrounding the promoter sequence may also be involved in direct
      (sequence-dependent DNA curvature) or indirect (unknown regulator binding)
      regulation.

PMID- 18156278
TI  - Rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing reduce antibiotic
      use and accelerate pathogen-directed antibiotic use.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Rapid bacterial identification and susceptibility tests can lead to
      earlier microbiological diagnosis and pathogen-directed, appropriate therapy. We
      studied whether accelerated diagnostics affected antibiotic use and patient
      outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective randomized clinical trial was
      performed over a 2-year period. Inpatients were selected on the basis of a
      positive culture from normally sterile body fluids and randomly assigned to
      either a rapid intervention arm or the control arm. The intervention arm used the
      Vitek 2 automated identification and susceptibility testing device, combined with
      direct inoculation of blood cultures. In the control arm, the Vitek 1 system
      inoculated from subcultures was used. Follow-up was 4 weeks after randomization.
      RESULTS: A total of 1498 patients were randomized: 746 in the intervention arm
      and 752 in the control arm. For susceptibility testing, the rapid arm was 22 h
      faster than the control arm, and for identification, it was 13 h faster (P <
      0.0001). In the rapid arm, antibiotic use was 6 defined daily doses lower per
      patient than in the control arm (P = 0.012). Whereas antibiotics were switched
      more in the rapid group on the day of randomization (P = 0.006), in the control
      group they were switched more on day two (P = 0.02). Mortality rates did not
      differ significantly between the two groups (17.6% versus 15.2%). CONCLUSIONS:
      While rapid bacterial identification and susceptibility testing led to earlier
      changes and a significant reduction in antibiotic use, they did not reduce
      mortality.

PMID- 18156279
TI  - Prevalence and characterization of macrolide-lincomycin-streptogramin B-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus in Korean hospitals.

PMID- 18156280
TI  - Clinical impact of reducing routine susceptibility testing in chronic Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND Susceptibility testing results are not predictive of clinical response
      to antibiotic therapy in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic
      fibrosis (CF). We assessed the impact of reducing the number of routine
      susceptibility tests performed on clinical outcome in these cases. METHODS In
      June 2006, we introduced a protocol whereby susceptibility tests of P. aeruginosa
      isolates obtained from respiratory samples of people with CF were limited to
      those taken at the commencement of antibiotic therapy, when there was evidence of
      clinical failure or routinely if not tested in the previous 3 months. At all
      other times, isolates were identified and reported as normal but P. aeruginosa
      isolates were not subjected to susceptibility testing. RESULTS Over a 6 month
      period, P. aeruginosa was isolated on at least one occasion from 193 patients
      attending the Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit. In this period, we reduced the number
      of routine susceptibility tests by 56% (from a projected 2231 tests on 872
      samples to an actual 972 tests on 427 samples). We assessed the response to
      courses of intravenous antibiotic treatment administered during the 6 month study
      period in 2006 and for courses administered in the same patients during the same
      calendar months in 2005. No significant differences in median change of FEV1,
      FVC, C-reactive protein (CRP), white cell count, weight or duration of
      intravenous antibiotics were observed. The projected savings of this intervention
      were 3500 euros in consumables and 170 h (costed at 6500 euros) of laboratory
      staff time per annum, a total annual saving of 10,000 euros (6500 pounds
      sterling). CONCLUSIONS For CF units sending regular, routine sputum samples, a
      reduction in the number of susceptibility tests performed in cases of chronic P.
      aeruginosa infection can be carried out without impacting on short-term clinical
      outcomes.

PMID- 18156281
TI  - Association of circulating lactoferrin concentration and 2 nonsynonymous LTF gene
      polymorphisms with dyslipidemia in men depends on glucose-tolerance status.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Lactoferrin, an innate immune protein with antiinflammatory
      properties, shows considerable antiatherosclerosis activity in animal studies. We
      investigated the relationship between circulating lactoferrin, lactoferrin gene
      (LTF, lactotransferrin) polymorphisms, dyslipidemia, and vascular reactivity in
      the context of glucose-tolerance status in men. METHODS: We evaluated 2
      nonsynonymous LTF polymorphisms (rs1126477 and rs1126478) and measured
      circulating lactoferrin concentrations by ELISA under nonstressed conditions in
      healthy Caucasian men (n = 188) and male patients with an altered glucose
      tolerance (n = 202). We also studied the association of lactoferrin concentration
      with vascular reactivity via high-resolution ultrasound analysis of the brachial
      artery in a subsample of study participants. RESULTS: Circulating lactoferrin
      concentration was inversely associated with fasting triglyceride concentration (r
      = -0.24; P = 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.20; P = 0.007), waist-to-hip
      ratio (r = -0.35; P <0.001), and fasting glucose concentration (r = -0.18; P =
      0.01), and directly correlated with HDL cholesterol concentration (r = 0.21; P =
      0.004). Control AG heterozygotes for rs1126477 had significantly decreased
      fasting triglyceride concentrations (P = 0.001). Similarly, control individuals
      who were G carriers for rs1126478 had significantly lower fasting triglyceride
      concentrations (P = 0.044) and significantly higher HDL cholesterol
      concentrations (P = 0.028) than AA homozygotes. These associations remained
      significant after controlling for age, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting glucose
      concentration, smoking status, and alcohol intake. Circulating lactoferrin
      concentration was not significantly associated with endothelium-dependent
      vasodilatation (EDVD) in the individuals studied (n = 95); however, lactoferrin
      was positively associated with EDVD in obese participants with an altered glucose
      tolerance (r = 0.54; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: We have identified associations
      among LTF polymorphisms, circulating lactoferrin concentration, fasting
      triglyceride concentration, and vascular reactivity in humans.

PMID- 18156282
TI  - Electric field-enhanced sensitivity of grafted ligands and receptors.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Particle-based agglutination tests consisting of receptors grafted to
      colloidal microparticles are useful for detecting small quantities of
      corresponding ligands of interest in fluid test samples, but detection limits of
      such tests are limited to a certain concentration and it is most desirable to
      lower the detection limits and to enhance the rate of recognition of ligands.
      METHODS: A mixture of receptor-coated colloidal microparticles and corresponding
      ligand was sandwiched between 2 indium tin oxide-coated glass plates.
      Electrohydrodynamic drag from an alternating-current electric field applied
      perpendicular to the plates increased the local concentration of the colloidal
      particles, improving the chances of ligand-receptor interaction and leading to
      the aggregation of the colloidal particles. RESULTS: With this technique the
      sensitivity of the ligand-receptor recognition was increased by a factor as large
      as 50. CONCLUSIONS: This method can improve the sensitivity of particle-based
      agglutination tests used in immunoassays and many other applications such as
      immunoprecipitation and chemical sniffing.

PMID- 18156283
TI  - C-reactive protein and all-cause mortality in a large hospital-based cohort.
AB  - BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase protein, is a sensitive
      systemic marker of inflammation and acute-phase reactions. Testing CRP
      concentrations at hospital admission may provide information about disease risk
      and overall survival. METHODS: All first-ever transmittals to the department of
      medical and chemical laboratory diagnostics for determination of low-sensitivity
      CRP (n = 274 515, 44.5% male, median age 51 years) between January 1991 and July
      2003 were included [median follow-up time: 4.4 years (interquartile range, 2.3
      7.4 years)]. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Multivariate Cox
      regression adjusted for sex and age was applied for analysis. RESULTS: Compared
      to individuals within the reference category (CRP <5 mg/L), hazard ratios (HR)
      for all-cause mortality increased from 1.4 (5-10 mg/L category) to 3.3 in the
      highest category (>80 mg/L, all P <0.001). CRP was associated with various causes
      of death. The relation of CRP to cancer death was stronger than to vascular
      death. Younger patients with increased CRP had relatively far worse outcome than
      older patients (maximal HR: < or =30 years: 6.7 vs >60 years: 1.7-3.7).
      Interestingly, both short- and long-term mortality were associated with
      increasing CRP concentrations (>80 mg/L: HR 22.8 vs 1.4). CONCLUSION: Measurement
      of low-sensitivity CRP at hospital admission allowed for the identification of
      patients at increased risk of unfavorable outcome. Our findings indicate that
      close attention should be paid to hospitalized patients with high CRP not only
      because of very substantial short-term risk, but also long-term excess risk, the
      basis for which needs to be determined.

PMID- 18156284
TI  - Prospective study of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a determinant of
      mortality: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Cohort Study, 1984-1998.
AB  - BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein (CRP), an exquisitely sensitive systemic marker of
      inflammation, has emerged as an independent predictor of cardiovascular diseases
      (CVD). Because other chronic diseases are also associated with an inflammatory
      response, we sought to assess the association of high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP)
      with total and cause-specific mortality in a large cohort of middle-aged men.
      METHODS: We measured hsCRP at baseline in 3620 middle-aged men, randomly drawn
      from 3 samples of the general population in the Augsburg area (Southern 0Germany)
      in 1984-85, 1989-90, and 1994-95. Outcome was defined as all deaths, fatal CVD,
      fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) including sudden cardiac deaths, and cancer
      deaths. RESULTS: During an average follow-up of 7.1 years, 408 deaths occurred
      (CVD 196, CHD 129, cancer 127). In multivariable Cox regression analysis,
      subjects with hsCRP >3 mg/L at baseline showed an almost 2-fold increased risk to
      die vs those with hsCRP <1 mg/L [hazard ratio (HR) 1.88, 95% CI 1.41-2.52]. HRs
      were 2.15 (95% CI 1.39-3.34) for fatal CVD, 1.74 (1.04-2.92) for fatal CHD, and
      1.65 (1.01-2.68) for cancer mortality. In contrast, neither total nor HDL
      cholesterol significantly predicted all-cause or cancer mortality, and
      cholesterol had only modest effects on CVD mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Our results
      suggest that increased circulating hsCRP concentrations are associated with an
      increased risk of death from several widespread chronic diseases. Persistently
      increased hsCRP is a sensitive and valuable nonspecific indicator of an ongoing
      disease process that deserves serious and careful medical attention.

PMID- 18156285
TI  - Hyperinsulinism in infancy and childhood: when an insulin level is not always
      enough.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Hypoglycemia in infants and children can lead to seizures,
      developmental delay, and permanent brain damage. Hyperinsulinism (HI) is the most
      common cause of both transient and permanent disorders of hypoglycemia. HI is
      characterized by dysregulated insulin secretion, which results in persistent mild
      to severe hypoglycemia. The various forms of HI represent a group of clinically,
      genetically, and morphologically heterogeneous disorders. CONTENT: Congenital
      hyperinsulinism is associated with mutations of SUR-1 and Kir6.2, glucokinase,
      glutamate dehydrogenase, short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and ectopic
      expression on beta-cell plasma membrane of SLC16A1. Hyperinsulinism can be
      associated with perinatal stress such as birth asphyxia, maternal toxemia,
      prematurity, or intrauterine growth retardation, resulting in prolonged neonatal
      hypoglycemia. Mimickers of hyperinsulinism include neonatal panhypopituitarism,
      drug-induced hypoglycemia, insulinoma, antiinsulin and insulin-receptor
      stimulating antibodies, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, and congenital disorders of
      glycosylation. Laboratory testing for hyperinsulinism may include quantification
      of blood glucose, plasma insulin, plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate, plasma fatty
      acids, plasma ammonia, plasma acylcarnitine profile, and urine organic acids.
      Genetic testing is available through commercial laboratories for genes known to
      be associated with hyperinsulinism. Acute insulin response (AIR) tests are useful
      in phenotypic characterization. Imaging and histologic tools are also available
      for diagnosing and classifying hyperinsulinism. The goal of treatment in infants
      with hyperinsulinism is to prevent brain damage from hypoglycemia by maintaining
      plasma glucose levels above 700 mg/L (70 mg/dL) through pharmacologic or surgical
      therapy. SUMMARY: The management of hyperinsulinism requires a multidisciplinary
      approach that includes pediatric endocrinologists, radiologists, surgeons, and
      pathologists who are trained in diagnosing, identifying, and treating
      hyperinsulinism.

PMID- 18156286
TI  - Blastocystis ratti contains cysteine proteases that mediate interleukin-8
      response from human intestinal epithelial cells in an NF-kappaB-dependent manner.
AB  - Blastocystis is a ubiquitous enteric protozoan found in the intestinal tracts of
      humans and a wide range of animals. Evidence accumulated over the last decade
      suggests association of Blastocystis with gastrointestinal disorders involving
      diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, nausea, and fatigue. Clinical and
      experimental studies have associated Blastocystis with intestinal inflammation,
      and it has been shown that Blastocystis has potential to modulate the host immune
      response. Blastocystis is also reported to be an opportunistic pathogen in
      immunosuppressed patients, especially those suffering from AIDS. However, nothing
      is known about the parasitic virulence factors and early events following host
      parasite interactions. In the present study, we investigated the molecular
      mechanism by which Blastocystis activates interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene expression in
      human colonic epithelial T84 cells. We demonstrate for the first time that
      cysteine proteases of Blastocystis ratti WR1, a zoonotic isolate, can activate IL
      8 gene expression in human colonic epithelial cells. Furthermore, we show that NF
      kappaB activation is involved in the production of IL-8. In addition, our
      findings show that treatment with the antiprotozoal drug metronidazole can avert
      IL-8 production induced by B. ratti WR1. We also show for the first time that the
      central vacuole of Blastocystis may function as a reservoir for cysteine
      proteases. Our findings will contribute to an understanding of the pathobiology
      of a poorly studied parasite whose public health importance is increasingly
      recognized.

PMID- 18156287
TI  - Genome-wide analysis of sterol-lipid storage and trafficking in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - The pandemic of lipid-related disease necessitates a determination of how
      cholesterol and other lipids are transported and stored within cells. The first
      step in this determination is the identification of the genes involved in these
      transport and storage processes. Using genome-wide screens, we identified 56
      yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) genes involved in sterol-lipid biosynthesis,
      intracellular trafficking, and/or neutral-lipid storage. Direct biochemical and
      cytological examination of mutant cells revealed an unanticipated link between
      secretory protein glycosylation and triacylglycerol (TAG)/steryl ester (SE)
      synthesis for the storage of lipids. Together with the analysis of other deletion
      mutants, these results suggested at least two distinct events for the biogenesis
      of lipid storage particles: a step affecting neutral-lipid synthesis, generating
      the lipid core of storage particles, and another step for particle assembly. In
      addition to the lipid storage mutants, we identified mutations that affect the
      localization of unesterified sterols, which are normally concentrated in the
      plasma membrane. These findings implicated phospholipase C and the protein
      phosphatase Ptc1p in the regulation of sterol distribution within cells. This
      study identified novel sterol-related genes that define several distinct
      processes maintaining sterol homeostasis.

PMID- 18156288
TI  - Regulation of Cryptococcus neoformans capsule size is mediated at the polymer
      level.
AB  - The fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans regulates its polysaccharide capsule
      depending on environmental stimuli. To investigate whether capsule polymers
      change under different growth conditions, we analyzed shed capsules at
      physiological concentrations without physical perturbation. Our results indicate
      that regulation of capsule size is mediated at the level of individual
      polysaccharide molecules.

PMID- 18156289
TI  - A Botrytis cinerea emopamil binding domain protein, required for full virulence,
      belongs to a eukaryotic superfamily which has expanded in euascomycetes.
AB  - A previous transcriptomic analysis of 3,032 fungal genes identified the Botrytis
      cinerea PIE3 (BcPIE3) gene to be up-regulated early in planta (A. Gioti, A.
      Simon, P. Le Pecheur, C. Giraud, J. M. Pradier, M. Viaud, and C. Levis, J. Mol.
      Biol. 358:372-386, 2006). In the present study, BcPIE3 was disrupted in order to
      determine its implication in pathogenicity. BcPIE3 was shown to be a virulence
      factor, since the DeltaBcPIE3 mutant was blocked during the colonization of
      tomato and bean leaves, giving lesions reduced in size by at least 74%. Within
      the emopamil binding domain (EBD), BcPIE3 shows significant structural
      similarities to mammalian emopamil binding proteins (EBPs). Mammalian EBPs
      function as sterol isomerases, but an analysis of the sterol content and the
      results of growth inhibition experiments with the DeltaBcPIE3 strain indicated
      that BcPIE3 is dispensable for ergosterol biosynthesis. The systematic
      identification of EBD-containing proteins included in public databases showed
      that these proteins constitute a protein superfamily present only in eukaryotes.
      Phylogenetic analysis showed that the ancestral EBD-encoding gene was duplicated
      in the common ancestor of animals and fungi after the split from plants. Finally,
      we present evidence that the EBP phylogenetic clade of this superfamily has
      further expanded exclusively in euascomycetes, especially in B. cinerea, which
      contains three copies of the EBP gene.

PMID- 18156290
TI  - Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide and exopolysaccharide fractions
      manifest physical, chemical, and antigenic differences.
AB  - The human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans has a large polysaccharide
      (PS) capsule and releases copious amounts of PS into cultures and infected
      tissues. The capsular PS is a major virulence factor that can elicit protective
      antibody responses. PS recovered from culture supernatants has historically
      provided an ample and convenient source of material for structural and
      immunological studies. Two major assumptions in such studies are that the
      structural features of the exopolysaccharide material faithfully mirror those of
      capsular PS and that the isolation methods do not change PS properties. However,
      a comparison of exopolysaccharide made by two isolation techniques with capsular
      PS stripped from cells with gamma radiation or dimethyl sulfoxide revealed
      significant differences in glycosyl composition, mass, size, charge, viscosity,
      circular-dichroism spectra, and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. Our
      results strongly suggest that exopolysaccharides and capsular PS are structurally
      different. A noteworthy finding was that PS made by cetyltrimethylammonium
      bromide precipitation had a larger mass and a different conformation than PS
      isolated by concentration and filtration, suggesting that the method most
      commonly used to purify glucuronoxylomannan alters the PS. Hence, the method used
      to isolate PS can significantly influence the structural and antigenic properties
      of the product. Our findings have important implications for current views of the
      relationship between capsular PS and exopolysaccharides, for the generation of PS
      preparations suitable for immunological studies, and for the formulation of PS
      based vaccines for the prevention of cryptococcosis.

PMID- 18156291
TI  - Protein kinase A, TOR, and glucose transport control the response to nutrient
      repletion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Nutrient repletion leads to substantial restructuring of the transcriptome in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The expression levels of approximately one-third of all
      S. cerevisiae genes are altered at least twofold when a nutrient-depleted culture
      is transferred to fresh medium. Several nutrient-sensing pathways are known to
      play a role in this process, but the relative contribution that each pathway
      makes to the total response has not been determined. To better understand this,
      we used a chemical-genetic approach to block the protein kinase A (PKA), TOR
      (target of rapamycin), and glucose transport pathways, alone and in combination.
      Of the three pathways, we found that loss of PKA produced the largest effect on
      the transcriptional response; however, many genes required both PKA and TOR for
      proper nutrient regulation. Those genes that did not require PKA or TOR for
      nutrient regulation were dependent on glucose transport for either nutrient
      induction or repression. Therefore, loss of these three pathways is sufficient to
      prevent virtually the entire transcriptional response to fresh medium. In the
      absence of fresh medium, activation of the cyclic AMP/PKA pathway does not induce
      cellular growth; nevertheless, PKA activation induced a substantial fraction of
      the PKA-dependent genes. In contrast, the absence of fresh medium strongly
      limited gene repression by PKA. These results account for the signals needed to
      generate the transcriptional responses to glucose, including induction of growth
      genes required for protein synthesis and repression of stress genes, as well as
      the classical glucose repression and hexose transporter responses.

PMID- 18156292
TI  - Role of heme in the antifungal activity of the azaoxoaporphine alkaloid
      sampangine.
AB  - Sampangine, a plant-derived alkaloid found in the Annonaceae family, exhibits
      strong inhibitory activity against the opportunistic fungal pathogens Candida
      albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus. In the present
      study, transcriptional profiling experiments coupled with analyses of mutants
      were performed in an effort to elucidate its mechanism of action. Using
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism, we show that sampangine produces a
      transcriptional response indicative of hypoxia, altering the expression of genes
      known to respond to low-oxygen conditions. Several additional lines of evidence
      obtained suggest that these responses could involve effects on heme. First, the
      hem1Delta mutant lacking the first enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway showed
      increased sensitivity to sampangine, and exogenously supplied hemin partially
      rescued the inhibitory activity of sampangine in wild-type cells. In addition,
      heterozygous mutants with deletions in genes involved in five out of eight steps
      in the heme biosynthetic pathway showed increased susceptibility to sampangine.
      Furthermore, spectral analyses of pyridine extracts indicated significant
      accumulation of free porphyrins in sampangine-treated cells. Transcriptional
      profiling experiments were also performed with C. albicans to investigate the
      response of a pathogenic fungal species to sampangine. Taking into account the
      known differences in the physiological responses of C. albicans and S. cerevisiae
      to low oxygen, significant correlations were observed between the two
      transcription profiles, suggestive of heme-related defects. Our results indicate
      that the antifungal activity of the plant alkaloid sampangine is due, at least in
      part, to perturbations in the biosynthesis or metabolism of heme.

PMID- 18156293
TI  - Arabidopsis genes AS1, AS2, and JAG negatively regulate boundary-specifying genes
      to promote sepal and petal development.
AB  - Boundary formation is crucial for organ development in multicellular eukaryotes.
      In higher plants, boundaries that separate the organ primordia from their
      surroundings have relatively low rates of cell proliferation. This cellular
      feature is regulated by the actions of certain boundary-specifying genes, whose
      ectopic expression in organs can cause inhibition of organ growth. Here, we show
      that the Arabidopsis thaliana ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 and 2 (AS1 and AS2) and JAGGED
      (JAG) genes function in the sepal and petal primordia to repress boundary
      specifying genes for normal development of the organs. Loss-of-function as1 jag
      and as2 jag double mutants produced extremely tiny sepals and petals. Analysis of
      a cell-cycle marker HISTONE4 revealed that cell division in sepal primordia of
      the double mutant was inhibited. Moreover, these abnormal sepals and petals
      exhibited ectopic overexpression of the boundary-specifying genes PETAL LOSS
      (PTL) and CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON1 [corrected] and 2 (CUC1 and CUC2). Loss of PTL or
      CUC1 and CUC2 functions in the as1 jag background could partially rescue the tiny
      sepal and petal phenotypes, supporting the model that the tiny sepal/petal
      phenotypes are caused, at least in part, by ectopic expression of boundary
      specifying genes. Together, our data reveal a previously unrecognized fundamental
      regulation by which AS1, AS2, and JAG act to define sepal and petal from their
      boundaries.

PMID- 18156294
TI  - Dual targeting of Arabidopsis holocarboxylase synthetase1: a small upstream open
      reading frame regulates translation initiation and protein targeting.
AB  - Protein biotinylation is an original and very specific posttranslational
      modification, compartmented in plants, between mitochondria, plastids, and the
      cytosol. This reaction modifies and activates few carboxylases committed in key
      metabolisms and is catalyzed by holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS). The molecular
      bases of this complex compartmentalization and the relative function of each of
      the HCS genes, HCS1 and HCS2, identified in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      are mainly unknown. Here, we showed by reverse genetics that the HCS1 gene is
      essential for plant viability, whereas disruption of the HCS2 gene in Arabidopsis
      does not lead to any obvious phenotype when plants are grown under standard
      conditions. These findings strongly suggest that HCS1 is the only protein
      responsible for HCS activity in Arabidopsis cells, including the cytosolic,
      mitochondrial, and plastidial compartments. A closer study of HCS1 gene
      expression enabled us to propose an original mechanism to account for this
      multiplicity of localizations. Located in the HCS1 messenger RNA 5'-untranslated
      region, an upstream open reading frame regulates the translation initiation of
      HCS1 and the subsequent targeting of HCS1 protein. Moreover, an exquisitely
      precise alternative splicing of HCS1 messenger RNA can regulate the presence and
      absence of this upstream open reading frame. The existence of these complex and
      interdependent mechanisms creates a rich molecular platform where different
      parameters and factors could control HCS targeting and hence biotin metabolism.

PMID- 18156295
TI  - Evolutionary radiation pattern of novel protein phosphatases revealed by analysis
      of protein data from the completely sequenced genomes of humans, green algae, and
      higher plants.
AB  - In addition to the major serine/threonine-specific phosphoprotein phosphatase,
      Mg(2+)-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase, and protein tyrosine phosphatase
      families, there are novel protein phosphatases, including enzymes with aspartic
      acid-based catalysis and subfamilies of protein tyrosine phosphatases, whose
      evolutionary history and representation in plants is poorly characterized. We
      have searched the protein data sets encoded by the well-finished nuclear genomes
      of the higher plants Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and Oryza sativa, and the
      latest draft data sets from the tree Populus trichocarpa and the green algae
      Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Ostreococcus tauri, for homologs to several classes
      of novel protein phosphatases. The Arabidopsis proteins, in combination with
      previously published data, provide a complete inventory of known types of protein
      phosphatases in this organism. Phylogenetic analysis of these proteins reveals a
      pattern of evolution where a diverse set of protein phosphatases was present
      early in the history of eukaryotes, and the division of plant and animal
      evolution resulted in two distinct sets of protein phosphatases. The green algae
      occupy an intermediate position, and show similarity to both plants and animals,
      depending on the protein. Of specific interest are the lack of cell division
      cycle (CDC) phosphatases CDC25 and CDC14, and the seeming adaptation of CDC14 as
      a protein interaction domain in higher plants. In addition, there is a dramatic
      increase in proteins containing RNA polymerase C-terminal domain phosphatase-like
      catalytic domains in the higher plants. Expression analysis of Arabidopsis
      phosphatase genes differentially amplified in plants (specifically the C-terminal
      domain phosphatase-like phosphatases) shows patterns of tissue-specific
      expression with a statistically significant number of correlated genes encoding
      putative signal transduction proteins.

PMID- 18156296
TI  - Salicylic acid and systemic acquired resistance play a role in attenuating crown
      gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
AB  - We investigated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and systemic acquired
      resistance (SAR) on crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
      Nicotiana benthamiana plants treated with SA showed decreased susceptibility to
      Agrobacterium infection. Exogenous application of SA to Agrobacterium cultures
      decreased its growth, virulence, and attachment to plant cells. Using
      Agrobacterium whole-genome microarrays, we characterized the direct effects of SA
      on bacterial gene expression and showed that SA inhibits induction of virulence
      (vir) genes and the repABC operon, and differentially regulates the expression of
      many other sets of genes. Using virus-induced gene silencing, we further
      demonstrate that plant genes involved in SA biosynthesis and signaling are
      important determinants for Agrobacterium infectivity on plants. Silencing of ICS
      (isochorismate synthase), NPR1 (nonexpresser of pathogenesis-related gene 1), and
      SABP2 (SA-binding protein 2) in N. benthamiana enhanced Agrobacterium infection.
      Moreover, plants treated with benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid, a
      potent inducer of SAR, showed reduced disease symptoms. Our data suggest that SA
      and SAR both play a major role in retarding Agrobacterium infectivity.

PMID- 18156300
TI  - Diabetic nephropathy: mechanisms of renal disease progression.
AB  - Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by excessive amassing of extracellular
      matrix (ECM) with thickening of glomerular and tubular basement membranes and
      increased amount of mesangial matrix, which ultimately progress to
      glomerulosclerosis and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis. In view of this outcome, it
      would mean that all the kidney cellular elements, i.e., glomerular endothelia,
      mesangial cells, podocytes, and tubular epithelia, are targets of hyperglycemic
      injury. Conceivably, high glucose activates various pathways via similar
      mechanisms in different cell types of the kidney except for minor exceptions that
      are related to the selective expression of a given molecule in a particular renal
      compartment. To begin with, there is an obligatory excessive channeling of
      glucose intermediaries into various metabolic pathways with generation of
      advanced glycation products (AGEs), activation of protein kinase C (PKC),
      increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), GTP-binding
      proteins, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS seem to be the
      common denominator in various pathways and are central to the pathogenesis of
      hyperglycemic injury. In addition, there are marked alterations in
      intraglomerular hemodynamics, i.e., hyperfiltration, and this along with
      metabolic derangements adversely compounds the hyperglycemia-induced injury.
      Here, the information compiled under various subtitles of this article is derived
      from an enormous amount of data summarized in several excellent literature
      reviews, and thus their further reading is suggested to gain in-depth knowledge
      of each of the subject matter.

PMID- 18156301
TI  - 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been called "the metabolic master
      switch" because of its central role in regulating fuel homeostasis. AMPK, a
      heterotrimeric serine/threonine protein kinase composed of alpha, beta, and gamma
      subunits, is activated by upstream kinases and by 5'-AMP in response to various
      nutritional and stress signals. Downstream effects include regulation of
      metabolism, protein synthesis, cell growth, and mediation of the actions of a
      number of hormones, including leptin. However, AMPK research represents a young
      and growing field; hence, there are many unanswered questions regarding the
      control and action of AMPK. This review presents evidence for the existence of
      AMPK signaling pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans, a genetically tractable model
      organism that has yet to be fully exploited to elucidate AMPK signaling
      mechanisms.

PMID- 18156302
TI  - Nuclear factor-kappaB activation: from bench to bedside.
AB  - Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a proinflammatory transcription factor that
      has emerged as an important player in the development and progression of
      malignant cancers. NF-kappaB targets genes that promote tumor cell proliferation,
      survival, metastasis, inflammation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Constitutive or
      aberrant activation of NF-kappa is frequently encountered in many human tumors
      and is associated with a resistant phenotype and poor prognosis. The mechanism of
      such persistent NF-kappaB activation is not clear but may involve defects in
      signaling pathways, mutations, or chromosomal rearrangements. Suppression of
      constitutive NF-kappaB activation inhibits the oncogenic potential of transformed
      cells and thus makes NF-kappaB an interesting new therapeutic target in cancer.

PMID- 18156303
TI  - Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism is associated with anemia in non
      small-cell lung cancer.
AB  - The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role not only in the
      regulation of vascular homeostasis but also in stimulation of hematopoiesis. We
      aimed to evaluate the association between insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism
      of the ACE gene and anemia at the time of the diagnosis. We enrolled 75 patients
      with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 85 age- and sex-matched healthy
      control participants. The I/D polymorphism of ACE was identified by using
      polymerase chain reaction from peripheral blood samples. Statistical analyses
      were performed with SPSS for Windows. The distributions of the ACE genotypes and
      alleles are similar in patients and in healthy participants (P=0.29 and P=0.08,
      respectively). In patients with NSCLC, 34 (45.3%) had anemia; of whom 3 (8.8%)
      had genotype II, 24 (70.6%) had genotype ID, and 7 (20.6%) had genotype DD
      (P=0.001). The patients with the II and ID genotypes had more frequent anemia at
      the time of the diagnosis (odds ratio = 6.02; P=0.001). Our findings suggest that
      I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene may influence the development of anemia in
      patients with NSCLC.

PMID- 18156304
TI  - Moderately high folic acid supplementation exacerbates experimentally induced
      liver fibrosis in rats.
AB  - Under certain clinical circumstances, folic acid can have undesirable effects. We
      investigated the following: (i) the effects of moderately high folic acid
      supplementation on the course of liver impairment in CCl(4)-treated rats and (ii)
      the influence of folic acid supplements on the hepatic recovery following the
      interruption of the CCl(4)-induced toxic injury. Four experimental groups of rats
      were used: CCl(4)-treated rats (0.5 ml of CCl(4) twice a week i.p.) fed standard
      chow for up to 12 weeks (Group A); treated rats fed chow supplemented with 25
      mg/kg folic acid from weeks 6 to 12 (Group B); treated rats fed a standard diet
      but with CCl(4) discontinued after 6 weeks to allow for tissue recovery over 4
      weeks (Group C); rats as Group C but fed a diet supplemented with 25 mg/kg folic
      acid from weeks 6 to 10 (Group D). Liver and blood samples were obtained for
      biochemical, histological, and gene expression analyses. Animals that received
      the supplement had a higher content of collagen, activated stellate cells, and
      apoptotic parenchymal cells in biopsy tissue at weeks 8 and 10 of treatment and
      more extensive alterations in serum albumin and bilirubin concentrations (Group B
      vs. Group A). In some of the time periods analyzed, alterations were observed in
      the expression of genes related to apoptosis (B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2,
      inhibitor of apoptosis 2) and to fibrosis (procollagen I, matrix
      metalloproteinase 7). In the recovery period (Groups C and D), folic acid
      administration was associated with increased hepatic inflammation and apoptosis
      and with a decrease in the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 expression
      following 1 week of recovery. We conclude that folic acid administration
      aggravates the development of fibrosis in CCl(4)-treated rats. Follow-up studies
      are needed to determine whether folic acid treatment would be contraindicated in
      patients with chronic liver diseases.

PMID- 18156305
TI  - Suppression of intestinal mucosal apoptosis by ghrelin in fasting rats.
AB  - Ghrelin is mainly produced in the stomach and has several physiologic functions.
      The aim of this study was to investigate whether ghrelin regulates apoptosis in
      the small intestinal mucosa of fasting rats. Intestinal mucosal apoptosis was
      evaluated as the percentage of fragmented DNA, villus height, and terminal
      deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUDP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL)
      staining and by Western blot analysis of caspase-3 in 48-hr fasting rats. Crypt
      cell proliferation was evaluated by counting the number of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine
      (BrdU) positive cells. Ghrelin was administered intraperitoneally at dosages of
      2.5, 25, and 250 microg/kg per 48 hrs by continuous infusion via an Alzet micro
      osmotic pump or injections at 12-hr intervals. Ghrelin was also infused in rats
      that underwent truncal vagotomy. The lowest dosage of ghrelin (2.5 microg/kg per
      48 hrs) was administered into the third cerebroventricle. Ghrelin treatment
      attenuated the percentage of fragmented DNA in the small intestinal mucosa in 48
      hr fasting rats in a dose-dependent manner. Continuous infusion of ghrelin and
      injections of ghrelin at 12-hr intervals suppressed intestinal apoptosis almost
      equally. This effect on apoptosis was not attenuated by truncal vagotomy.
      Cerebroventricular infusion of ghrelin also attenuated intestinal apoptosis. The
      antiapoptotic effect of ghrelin was confirmed by decreased TUNEL staining,
      recovery of the villus height, and decreased expression of caspase-3. BrdU uptake
      indicated that ghrelin enhanced cell proliferation in the intestinal crypt. Taken
      together, these data indicate that ghrelin enhanced intestinal growth with the
      suppression of small intestinal mucosal apoptosis in 48-hr fasting rats,
      suggesting that ghrelin controls intestinal function through the regulation of
      intestinal apoptosis.

PMID- 18156306
TI  - Neonatal low-protein diet changes deiodinase activities and pituitary TSH
      response to TRH in adult rats.
AB  - Protein malnutrition during neonatal programs for a lower body weight and
      hyperthyroidism in the adult offspring were analyzed. Liver deiodinase is
      increased in such animals, contributing to the high serum triiodothyronine (T3)
      levels. The level of deiodinase activities in other tissues is unknown. We
      analyzed the effect of maternal protein restriction during lactation on thyroid,
      skeletal muscle, and pituitary deiodinase activities in the adult offspring. For
      pituitary evaluation, we studied the in vitro, thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      (TRH)-stimulated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion. Lactating Wistar
      rats and their pups were divided into a control (C) group, fed a normal diet (23%
      protein), and a protein-restricted (PR) group, fed a diet containing 8% protein.
      At weaning, pups in both groups were fed a normal diet until 180 days old. The
      pituitary gland was incubated before and after TRH stimulation, and released TSH
      was measured by radioimmunoassay. Deiodinase activities (D1 and D2) were
      determined by release of (125)I from [(125)I]reverse triiodothyronine (rT3).
      Maternal protein malnutrition during lactation programs the adult offspring for
      lower muscle D2 (-43%, P<0.05) and higher muscle D1 (+83%, P<0.05) activities
      without changes in thyroidal deiodinase activities, higher pituitary D2 activity
      (1.5 times, P<0.05), and lower TSH response to in vitro TRH (-56%, P<0.05). The
      evaluations showed that the lower in vivo TSH detected in adult PR hyperthyroid
      offspring, programmed by neonatal undernutrition, may be caused by an increment
      of pituitary deiodination. As described for liver, higher skeletal muscle D1
      activity suggests a hyperthyroid status. Our data broaden the knowledge about the
      adaptive changes to malnutrition during lactation and reinforce the concept of
      neonatal programming of the thyroid function.

PMID- 18156307
TI  - Contribution of fucose-containing capsules in Klebsiella pneumoniae to bacterial
      virulence in mice.
AB  - Bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) contains a prominent capsule. Clinical
      infections usually are associated with pneumonia or urinary tract infection
      (UTI). Emerging evidence implicates KP in severe liver abscess especially in
      diabetic patients. The goal of this study was to investigate the capsular
      polysaccharides from KP of liver abscess (hepatic-KP) and of UTI-KP. The
      composition of capsular polysaccharides was analyzed by capillary high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, Dionex system). The terminal sugars were
      assayed by binding ability to lectins. The results showed that the capsule of a
      hepatic KP (KpL1) from a diabetic patient contained fucose, while the capsule
      from UTI-KP (KpU1) did not. The absence of fucose was verified by the absence of
      detectable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragment for fucose synthesis genes,
      gmd and wcaG in KpU1. Mice infected with the KpL1 showed high fatality, whereas
      those infected with the KpU1 showed high survival rate. The KpL1 capsule was
      reactive to lectins AAA and AAL, which detect fucose, while the KpU1 capsule was
      reactive to lectin GNA, which detects mannose. Phagocytosis experiment in mouse
      peritoneal cavity indicated that the peritoneal macrophages could interact with
      KpU1, while rare association of KpL1 with macrophages was observed. This study
      revealed that different polysaccharides were displayed on the bacterial capsules
      of virulent KpL1 as compared with the less virulent KpU1. Interaction of KpU1
      with mice peritoneal macrophages was more prominent than that of KpL1. The
      possession of fucose might contribute to KpL1 virulence by avoiding phagocytosis
      since fucose on bacteria had been implicated in immune evasion.

PMID- 18156308
TI  - Chemoprevention of arylamine-induced colorectal aberrant crypts.
AB  - Since recombinant human cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes have been shown to activate
      environmental and dietary carcinogens implicated in human colorectal cancer
      etiology, we hypothesized that COX-2 inhibitors reduce arylamine-induced aberrant
      crypts (AC) and foci (ACF), preneoplastic lesions of colorectal cancer. Male
      weanling F344 inbred rats were fed modified AIN-76A control diet or the same
      diets supplemented with 320 ppm sulindac or 500, 1000, or 1500 ppm celecoxib. At
      7 weeks of age, rats received a subcutaneous injection of 3,2'-dimethyl-4
      aminobiphenyl (DMABP), an aryl-amine colon carcinogen, once weekly for two weeks.
      Ten weeks after the initial DMABP or vehicle treatment (at 17 weeks of age), rats
      were euthanized with CO(2), and the entire colorectum was removed and scored for
      ACF and AC. ACF possessing one to five AC were identified in the colorectum of
      rats administered DMABP, whereas no AC/ACF were identified in vehicle-treated
      controls. Significant reductions (p<0.001) in ACF and AC frequencies were
      observed in DMABP-treated rats supplemented with sulindac or celecoxib. Celecoxib
      reduced AC and ACF more than sulindac, but this difference was not significant
      (p>0.05). Reductions in both AC and ACF were highest following treatment with
      1000 ppm celecoxib. These results provide additional experimental support for the
      chemopreventive effects of COX inhibitors in arylamine-induced colorectal cancer.

PMID- 18156309
TI  - Erythropoietin pretreatment protects against acute chemotherapy toxicity in
      isolated rat hearts.
AB  - The use of chemotherapeutic agents, such as anthracycline or trastuzumab, in
      oncology is limited by their cardiac toxicity. Recent experimental studies
      suggest that recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) can be considered as a
      protective agent because its administration protects against cardiac ischemic
      injury, improving functional recovery, and reducing cell death. The aim of this
      study was to investigate whether pretreatment by rhEPO protects against acute
      cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin and trastuzumab, using the isolated rat
      heart model. Rats were treated with rhEPO (5000 IU/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.])
      or vehicle. One hour later, hearts were isolated and retrogradely perfused at
      constant flow. Following 20 mins of stabilization, hearts were perfused for 60
      mins with modified-Krebs solution containing 6 mg/l doxorubicin or 10 mg/l
      trastuzumab. Hearts receiving doxorubicin were paced; those receiving trastuzumab
      were unpaced. Control hearts were perfused with modified-Krebs solution only.
      Doxorubicin exposure decreased left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP;
      approximately -40% of baseline) and increased end diastolic pressure (EDP;
      approximately +390% of baseline) and coronary perfusion pressure (CPP;
      approximately +70% of baseline). Incidence of ventricular tachycardia or
      fibrillation (VT/VF) was also significantly enhanced (86% vs. 0% in control
      group). Trastuzumab exposure increased CPP and EDP (approximately +70% of
      baseline for the both) without affecting LVDP. Prior rhEPO treatment
      significantly prevented doxorubicin-induced deleterious effects on LVDP, EDP, and
      VT/VF incidence. rhEPO administration also prevented trastuzumab-induced
      deleterious effects on CPP and EDP. This study shows that pretreatment by rhEPO
      protects myocardium against functional damage and electrophysiologic injury
      induced by acute doxorubicin or trastuzumab exposure. Further investigations are
      required to elucidate the precise mechanisms involved.

PMID- 18156310
TI  - Impact of ischemia and reperfusion times on myocardial infarct size in mice in
      vivo.
AB  - The murine in vivo model of acute myocardial infarction is increasingly used to
      study signal transduction pathways. However, methodological details of this model
      are rarely published, and durations of ischemia and reperfusion (REP) time vary
      considerably among different laboratories. In this study, we tested the
      hypothesis that infarct size (IS) is dependent on both duration of ischemia and
      REP time. Pentobarbital-anesthetized male C57BL/6 mice were intubated,
      mechanically ventilated, and instrumented for continuous monitoring of mean
      arterial blood pressure and heart rate. After left fourth thoracotomy, the left
      anterior descending coronary artery was ligated. Mice were randomly assigned to
      receive 30, 45, or 60 mins of coronary artery occlusion (CAO) and 120, 180, or
      240 mins of REP, respectively. IS was determined with triphenyltetrazolium
      chloride and area at risk (AAR) with Evans blue, respectively. Arterial blood gas
      analysis and hemodynamics were not different among groups. Prolongation of CAO
      from 30 to 60 mins significantly (*P<0.05) increased IS from 18% +/- 5% to 69% +/
      3%*, from 20% +/- 2% to 69% +/- 6%* and from 42% +/- 10% to 75% +/- 2%* after
      120, 180, and 240 mins REP, respectively. Moreover, IS was increased from 18% +/-
      5% to 42% +/- 10%* (30 mins CAO) and from 40% +/- 3% to 72% +/- 6%* (45 mins CAO)
      when REP time was prolonged from 120 to 240 mins. IS was not increased when REP
      was prolonged from 120 to 240 mins at 60 mins CAO (69% +/- 3% vs. 75% +/- 2%). In
      the present study, we describe important methodological aspects of the murine in
      vivo model of acute myocardial infarction and provide evidence that, in this
      model, IS depends both on duration of ischemia and on REP time.

PMID- 18156311
TI  - Mechanistic analysis of electroporation-induced cellular uptake of
      macromolecules.
AB  - Pulsed electric field has been widely used as a nonviral gene delivery platform.
      The delivery efficiency can be improved through quantitative analysis of pore
      dynamics and intracellular transport of plasmid DNA. To this end, we investigated
      mechanisms of cellular uptake of macromolecules during electroporation. In the
      study, fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (FD) with molecular weight of
      4,000 (FD-4) or 2,000,000 (FD-2000) was added into suspensions of a murine
      mammary carcinoma cell (4T1) either before or at different time points (ie, 1, 2,
      or 10 sec) after the application of different pulsed electric fields (in high
      voltage mode: 1.2-2.0 kV in amplitude, 99 microsec in duration, and 1-5 pulses;
      in low-voltage mode: 100-300 V in amplitude, 5-20 msec in duration, and 1-5
      pulses). The intracellular concentrations of FD were quantified using a confocal
      microscopy technique. To understand transport mechanisms, a mathematical model
      was developed for numerical simulation of cellular uptake. We observed that the
      maximum intracellular concentration of FD-2000 was less than 3% of that in the
      pulsing medium. The intracellular concentrations increased linearly with pulse
      number and amplitude. In addition, the intracellular concentration of FD-2000 was
      approximately 40% lower than that of FD-4 under identical pulsing conditions. The
      numerical simulations predicted that the pores larger than FD-4 lasted <10 msec
      after the application of pulsed fields if the simulated concentrations were on
      the same order of magnitude as the experimental data. In addition, the simulation
      results indicated that diffusion was negligible for cellular uptake of FD
      molecules. Taken together, the data suggested that large pores induced in the
      membrane by pulsed electric fields disappeared rapidly after pulse application
      and convection was likely to be the dominant mode of transport for cellular
      uptake of uncharged macromolecules.

PMID- 18156312
TI  - Distinctions between dopamine transporter antagonists could be just around the
      bend.
AB  - Abuse of psychostimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines has a tremendous
      social and economic impact. Although replacement therapies are offered for
      addiction to opioids, nicotine, and alcohol, there is no approved replacement
      treatment for psychostimulant addiction. Recent studies on an emerging group of
      benztropine- and rimcazole-based compounds provide hope that replacement
      therapies for cocaine and amphetamine addiction may come in the near future. A
      new study (p. 813) now investigates the molecular interaction of the benztropine
      and rimcazole compounds with their target, the dopamine transporter, and provides
      an intriguing explanation as to why use of these compounds, unlike cocaine, do
      not lead to locomotor stimulation and drug discrimination behaviors in animal
      models.

PMID- 18156313
TI  - Midazolam metabolism in cytochrome P450 3A knockout mice can be attributed to up
      regulated CYP2C enzymes.
AB  - The cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes represent one of the most important drug
      metabolizing systems in humans. Recently, our group has generated cytochrome P450
      3A knockout mice to study this drug-handling system in vivo. In the present
      study, we have characterized the Cyp3a knockout mice by studying the metabolism
      of midazolam, one of the most widely used probes to assess CYP3A activity. We
      expected that the midazolam metabolism would be severely reduced in the absence
      of CYP3A enzymes. We used hepatic and intestinal microsomal preparations from
      Cyp3a knockout and wild-type mice to assess the midazolam metabolism in vitro. In
      addition, in vivo metabolite formation was determined after intravenous
      administration of midazolam. We were surprised to find that our results
      demonstrated that there is still marked midazolam metabolism in hepatic (but not
      intestinal) microsomes from Cyp3a knockout mice. Accordingly, we found comparable
      amounts of midazolam as well as its major metabolites in plasma after intravenous
      administration in Cyp3a knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. These data
      suggested that other hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes could take over the
      midazolam metabolism in Cyp3a knockout mice. We provide evidence that CYP2C
      enzymes, which were found to be up-regulated in Cyp3a knockout mice, are
      primarily responsible for this metabolism and that several but not all murine
      CYP2C enzymes are capable of metabolizing midazolam to its 1'-OH and/or 4-OH
      derivatives. These data illustrate interesting compensatory changes that may
      occur in Cyp3a knockout mice. Such flexible compensatory interplay between
      functionally related detoxifying systems is probably essential to their
      biological role in xenobiotic protection.

PMID- 18156314
TI  - Inhibition of sodium channel gating by trapping the domain II voltage sensor with
      protoxin II.
AB  - ProTx-II, an inhibitory cysteine knot toxin from the tarantula Thrixopelma
      pruriens, inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels. Using the cut-open oocyte
      preparation for electrophysiological recording, we show here that ProTx-II
      impedes movement of the gating charges of the sodium channel voltage sensors and
      reduces maximum activation of sodium conductance. At a concentration of 1 microM,
      the toxin inhibits 65.3 +/- 4.1% of the sodium conductance and 24.6 +/- 6.8% of
      the gating current of brain Na(v)1.2a channels, with a specific effect on rapidly
      moving gating charge. Strong positive prepulses can reverse the inhibitory effect
      of ProTx-II, indicating voltage-dependent dissociation of the toxin. Voltage
      dependent reversal of the ProTx-II effect is more rapid for cardiac Na(v)1.5
      channels, suggesting subtype-specific action of this toxin. Voltage-dependent
      binding and block of gating current are hallmarks of gating modifier toxins,
      which act by binding to the extracellular end of the S4 voltage sensors of ion
      channels. The mutation L833C in the S3-S4 linker in domain II reduces affinity
      for ProTx-II, and mutation of the outermost two gating-charge-carrying arginine
      residues in the IIS4 voltage sensor to glutamine abolishes voltage-dependent
      reversal of toxin action and toxin block of gating current. Our results support a
      voltage-sensor-trapping model for ProTx-II action in which the bound toxin
      impedes the normal outward gating movement of the IIS4 transmembrane segment,
      traps the domain II voltage sensor module in its resting state, and thereby
      inhibits channel activation.

PMID- 18156315
TI  - Analysis of promoter regions regulating basal and interleukin-4-inducible
      expression of the human CB1 receptor gene in T lymphocytes.
AB  - The majority of effects of cannabinoids are mediated by the two receptors CB1 and
      CB2. In addition to neuronal cells, CB1 receptors are expressed in T lymphocytes,
      in which they are involved in cannabinoid-induced T helper cell biasing. Although
      basally expressed only weakly in T cells, CB1 receptors are up-regulated in these
      cells by stimuli such as cannabinoids themselves. This effect is mediated by
      interleukin-4. In this study, we investigated basal and interleukin-4-inducible
      expression of the CB1 gene in T lymphocytes. In a promoter analysis, two regions
      [nucleotides (nts) -3086 to -2490 and nts -1950 to -1653] were identified, which
      suppress basal transcription of the gene in Jurkat T cells, whereas the region
      between nts -648 and -559 enhanced basal CB1 transcription. Interleukin-4
      markedly induced transcription of CB1 in Jurkat cells and primary human T cells.
      Experiments using transcription factor decoy oligonucleotides demonstrated that
      STAT6 mediates regulation of the gene by interleukin-4. Using reporter gene
      assays and the transcription factor decoy oligonucleotide approach, a binding
      site for STAT6 was identified at nt -2769 on the human CB1 gene promoter.
      Interleukin-4 also caused up-regulation of functional CB1 receptor proteins. In
      interleukin-4 pretreated, but not in naive Jurkat cells, the CB1 agonist R(+)
      methanandamide caused a significant inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP
      formation. This effect was blocked by the CB1-selective antagonists N-(piperidin
      1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide
      (AM251) and 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-N-4-mo rpholinyl-1H
      pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM281). Taken together, these data show that CB1
      receptors are expressed and up-regulated by interleukin-4 in T lymphocytes, which
      enables CB1-mediated communication to cells of other systems, such as neuronal
      cells.

PMID- 18156316
TI  - Combined effects of sulindac and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid on apoptosis
      induction in human lung cancer cells.
AB  - Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent a promising group of anticancer
      agents. Treatment of cancer cells with HDAC blockers, such as suberoylanilide
      hydroxamic acid (SAHA), leads to the activation of apoptosis-promoting genes. To
      enhance proapoptotic efficiency, SAHA has been used in conjunction with
      radiation, kinase inhibitors, and cytotoxic drugs. In the present study, we show
      that at the suboptimal dose of 250 muM, sulindac [2-[6-fluoro-2-methyl-3-[(4
      methylsulfinylphenyl)methylidene]inden-1-yl]-acetic acid] significantly enhances
      SAHA-induced growth suppression and apoptosis of A549 human non-small cell lung
      cancer cells, primarily via enhanced collapse of the mitochondrial membrane
      potential, release of cytochrome c, and caspase activation. Furthermore,
      sulindac/SAHA cotreatment induced marked down-regulation of survivin at both the
      mRNA and protein levels and stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species
      (ROS), which were blocked by the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Overexpression
      of survivin was associated with reduced sulindac/SAHA-induced apoptosis of A549
      cells, whereas suppression of survivin levels with antisense oligonucleotides or
      small interfering RNA further sensitized cells to sulindac/SAHA-induced cell
      death. Our results collectively demonstrate that sulindac/SAHA-induced apoptosis
      is mediated by ROS-dependent down-regulation of survivin in lung cancer cells.

PMID- 18156317
TI  - Extracellular expression of a functional recombinant Ganoderma lucidium
      immunomodulatory protein by Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis.
AB  - Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis are ideal hosts for the production of
      extracellular heterologous proteins of major commercial importance. A recombinant
      gene for the novel Ganoderma lucidium immunomodulatory protein LZ-8, recombinant
      LZ-8, was designed encoding the same amino acid sequence but using the preferred
      codons for both strains and was synthesized by overlapping extension PCR. Using
      the signal peptide (SP) from subtilisin YaB (SP(YaB)), recombinant LZ-8 was
      expressed extracellularly in Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis. In the
      absence of SP(YaB), recombinant LZ-8 was expressed extracellularly in B.
      subtilis, but not in L. lactis. The three expressed recombinant LZ-8s showed
      different capacities for modulating the production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines by
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells and of tumor necrosis factor alpha by a
      macrophage cell line.

PMID- 18156318
TI  - Genetic tools for select-agent-compliant manipulation of Burkholderia
      pseudomallei.
AB  - Because of Burkholderia pseudomallei's classification as a select agent in the
      United States, genetic manipulation of this bacterium is strictly regulated. Only
      a few antibiotic selection markers, including gentamicin, kanamycin, and zeocin,
      are currently approved for use with this bacterium, but wild-type strains are
      highly resistant to these antibiotics. To facilitate routine genetic
      manipulations of wild-type strains, several new tools were developed. A
      temperature-sensitive pRO1600 broad-host-range replicon was isolated and used to
      construct curable plasmids where the Flp and Cre recombinase genes are expressed
      from the rhamnose-regulated Escherichia coli P(BAD) promoter and kanamycin (nptI)
      and zeocin (ble) selection markers from the constitutive Burkholderia
      thailandensis ribosomal P(S12) or synthetic bacterial P(EM7) promoter. Flp and
      Cre site-specific recombination systems allow in vivo excision and recycling of
      nptII and ble selection markers contained on FRT or loxP cassettes. Finally,
      expression of Tn7 site-specific transposase from the constitutive P1 integron
      promoter allowed development of an efficient site-specific chromosomal
      integration system for B. pseudomallei. In conjunction with a natural
      transformation method, the utility of these new tools was demonstrated by
      isolating an unmarked delta(amrRAB-oprA) efflux pump mutant. Exploiting natural
      transformation, chromosomal DNA fragments carrying this mutation marked with
      zeocin resistance were transferred between the genomes of two different B.
      pseudomallei strains. Lastly, the deletion mutation was complemented by a
      chromosomally integrated mini-Tn7 element carrying the amrAB-oprA operon. The new
      tools allow routine select-agent-compliant genetic manipulations of B.
      pseudomallei and other Burkholderia species.

PMID- 18156320
TI  - Characterization of a novel angular dioxygenase from fluorene-degrading
      Sphingomonas sp. strain LB126.
AB  - In this study, the genes involved in the initial attack on fluorene by
      Sphingomonas sp. strain LB126 were investigated. The alpha and beta subunits of a
      dioxygenase complex (FlnA1-FlnA2), showing 63 and 51% sequence identity,
      respectively, to the subunits of an angular dioxygenase from the gram-positive
      dibenzofuran degrader Terrabacter sp. strain DBF63, were identified. When
      overexpressed in Escherichia coli, FlnA1-FlnA2 was responsible for the angular
      oxidation of fluorene, 9-hydroxyfluorene, 9-fluorenone, dibenzofuran, and dibenzo
      p-dioxin. Moreover, FlnA1-FlnA2 was able to oxidize polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons and heteroaromatics, some of which were not oxidized by the
      dioxygenase from Terrabacter sp. strain DBF63. The quantification of resulting
      oxidation products showed that fluorene and phenanthrene were the preferred
      substrates of FlnA1-FlnA2.

PMID- 18156321
TI  - Contribution of copper ion resistance to survival of Escherichia coli on metallic
      copper surfaces.
AB  - Bacterial contamination of touch surfaces poses a serious threat for public
      health. The use of bactericidal surface materials, such as copper and its alloys,
      might constitute a way to aid the use of antibiotics and disinfectants, thus
      minimizing the risk of emergence and spread of multiresistant germs. The survival
      of Escherichia coli on metallic copper surfaces has been studied previously;
      however, the mechanisms underlying bacterial inactivation on copper surfaces have
      not been elucidated. Data presented in this study suggest that bacteria are
      killed rapidly on dry copper surfaces. Several factors, such as copper ion
      toxicity, copper chelators, cold, osmotic stress, and reactive oxygen species,
      but not anaerobiosis, influenced killing rates. Strains deleted in copper
      detoxification systems were slightly more sensitive than was the wild type.
      Preadaptation to copper enhanced survival rates upon copper surface exposure.
      This study constitutes a first step toward understanding the reasons for metallic
      copper surface-mediated killing of bacteria.

PMID- 18156319
TI  - Changes in bacterial communities of the marine sponge Mycale laxissima on
      transfer into aquaculture.
AB  - The changes in bacterial communities associated with the marine sponge Mycale
      laxissima on transfer to aquaculture were studied using culture-based and
      molecular techniques. M. laxissima was maintained alive in flowthrough and closed
      recirculating aquaculture systems for 2 years and 1 year, respectively. The
      bacterial communities associated with wild and aquacultured sponges, as well as
      the surrounding water, were assessed using 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis
      and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Bacterial richness and
      diversity were measured using DOTUR computer software, and clone libraries were
      compared using S-LIBSHUFF. DGGE analysis revealed that the diversity of the
      bacterial community of M. laxissima increased when sponges were maintained in
      aquaculture and that bacterial communities associated with wild and aquacultured
      M. laxissima were markedly different than those of the corresponding surrounding
      water. Clone libraries of bacterial 16S rRNA from sponges confirmed that the
      bacterial communities changed during aquaculture. These communities were
      significantly different than those of seawater and aquarium water. The diversity
      of bacterial communities associated with M. laxissima increased significantly in
      aquaculture. Our work shows that it is important to monitor changes in bacterial
      communities when examining the feasibility of growing sponges in aquaculture
      systems because these communities may change. This could have implications for
      the health of sponges or for the production of bioactive compounds by sponges in
      cases where these compounds are produced by symbiotic bacteria rather than by the
      sponges themselves.

PMID- 18156322
TI  - Contribution of citrate metabolism to the growth of Lactococcus lactis CRL264 at
      low pH.
AB  - Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis CRL264 is a natural strain
      isolated from cheese (F. Sesma, D. Gardiol, A. P. de Ruiz Holgado, and D. de
      Mendoza, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:2099-2103, 1990). The effect of citrate on
      the growth parameters at a very acidic pH value was studied with this strain and
      with derivatives whose citrate uptake capacity was genetically manipulated. The
      culture pH was maintained at 4.5 to prevent alkalinization of the medium, a well
      known effect of citrate metabolism. In the presence of citrate, the maximum
      specific growth rate and the specific glucose consumption rate were stimulated.
      Moreover, a more efficient energy metabolism was revealed by analysis of the
      biomass yields relative to glucose consumption or ATP production. Thus, it was
      shown that the beneficial effect of citrate on growth under acid stress
      conditions is not primarily due to the concomitant alkalinization of the medium
      but stems from less expenditure of ATP, derived from glucose catabolism, to
      achieve pH homeostasis. After citrate depletion, a deleterious effect on the
      final biomass was apparent due to organic acid accumulation, particularly acetic
      acid. On the other hand, citrate metabolism endowed cells with extra ability to
      counteract lactic and acetic acid toxicity. In vivo 13C nuclear magnetic
      resonance provided strong evidence for the operation of a citrate/lactate
      exchanger. Interestingly, the greater capacity for citrate transport correlated
      positively with the final biomass and growth rates of the citrate-utilizing
      strains. We propose that increasing the citrate transport capacity of CRL264
      could be a useful strategy to improve further the ability of this strain to cope
      with strongly acidic conditions.

PMID- 18156323
TI  - Determination of glycosyltransferase specificities for the Escherichia coli O111
      O antigen by a generic approach.
AB  - We describe a bacterial strain developed to facilitate the determination of
      glycosyltransferase (GT) specificities for O antigens of known structure and gene
      cluster sequence. For proof of principle for the approach, the strain was used to
      determine the specificity of the Escherichia coli O111 O-antigen GT genes.

PMID- 18156324
TI  - Genomic differences between Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 and Fibrobacter
      intestinalis DR7, identified by suppression subtractive hybridization.
AB  - Fibrobacter is a highly cellulolytic genus commonly found in the rumen of
      ruminant animals and cecum of monogastric animals. In this study, suppression
      subtractive hybridization was used to identify the genes present in Fibrobacter
      succinogenes S85 but absent from F. intestinalis DR7. A total of 1,082
      subtractive clones were picked, plasmids were purified, and inserts were
      sequenced, and the clones lacking homology to F. intestinalis were confirmed by
      Southern hybridization. By comparison of the sequences of the clones to one
      another and to those of the F. succinogenes genome, 802 sequences or 955 putative
      genes, comprising approximately 409 kb of F. succinogenes genomic DNA, were
      identified that lack similarity to those of F. intestinalis chromosomal DNA. The
      functional groups of genes, including those involved in cell envelope structure
      and function, energy metabolism, and transport and binding, had the largest
      number of genes specific to F. succinogenes. Low-stringency Southern
      hybridization showed that at least 37 glycoside hydrolases are shared by both
      species. A cluster of genes responsible for heme, porphyrin, and cobalamin
      biosynthesis in F. succinogenes S85 was either missing from or not functional in
      F. intestinalis DR7, which explains the requirement of vitamin B12 for the growth
      of the F. intestinalis species. Two gene clusters encoding NADH-ubiquinone
      oxidoreductase subunits probably shared by Fibrobacter genera appear to have an
      important role in energy metabolism.

PMID- 18156325
TI  - Melanin-based high-throughput screen for L-tyrosine production in Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - We present the development of a simple, high-throughput screen for identifying
      bacterial strains capable of L-tyrosine production. Through the introduction of a
      heterologous gene encoding a tyrosinase, we were able to link L-tyrosine
      production in Escherichia coli with the synthesis of the black and diffusible
      pigment melanin. Although melanin was initially produced only at low levels in
      morpholinepropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) minimal medium, phosphate supplementation
      was found to be sufficient for increasing both the rates of synthesis and the
      final titers of melanin. Furthermore, a strong linear correlation between
      extracellular L-tyrosine content and melanin formation was observed by use of
      this new medium formulation. A selection strategy that utilizes these findings
      has been developed and has been shown to be effective in screening large
      combinatorial libraries in the search for L-tyrosine-overproducing strains.

PMID- 18156326
TI  - Enrichment, isolation, and phylogenetic identification of polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from Elizabeth River sediments.
AB  - The diversity of indigenous bacteria in sediments from several sites in the
      Elizabeth River (Virginia) able to degrade multiple polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated by the use of classical selective enrichment
      and molecular analyses. Enrichment cultures containing naphthalene, phenanthrene,
      fluoranthene, or pyrene as a sole carbon and energy source were monitored by
      denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to detect changes in the bacterial
      community profile during enrichment and to determine whether the representative
      strains present were successfully cultured. The DGGE profiles of the final
      enrichments grown solely on naphthalene and pyrene showed no clear relationship
      with the site from which the inoculum was obtained. The enrichments grown solely
      on pyrene for two sample sites had >80% similarity, which suggests that common
      pyrene-degrading strains may be present in these sediments. The final enrichments
      grown on fluoranthene and phenanthrene remained diverse by site, suggesting that
      these strains may be influenced by environmental conditions. One hundred and one
      isolates were obtained, comprising representatives of the actinomycetes and alpha
      , beta-, and gammaproteobacteria, including seven novel isolates with 16S rRNA
      gene sequences less than 98% similar to known strains. The ability to degrade
      multiple PAHs was demonstrated by mineralization of 14C-labeled substrate and
      growth in pure culture. This supports our hypothesis that a high diversity of
      bacterial strains with the ability to degrade multiple PAHs can be confirmed by
      the combined use of classical selective enrichment and molecular analyses. This
      large collection of diverse PAH-degrading strains provides a valuable resource
      for studies on mechanisms of PAH degradation and bioremediation.

PMID- 18156327
TI  - Microbiological quality of bagged cut spinach and lettuce mixes.
AB  - Analysis of 100 bagged lettuce and spinach samples showed mean total bacterial
      counts of 7.0 log(10) CFU/g and a broad range of < 4 to 8.3 log10 CFU/g. Most
      probable numbers (MPN) of > or = 11,000/g coliforms were found in 55 samples, and
      generic Escherichia coli bacteria were detected in 16 samples, but no E. coli
      count exceeded 10 MPN/g.

PMID- 18156328
TI  - Blackbirds and song thrushes constitute a key reservoir of Borrelia garinii, the
      causative agent of borreliosis in Central Europe.
AB  - Blackbirds (Turdus merula) and song thrushes (Turdus philomelos) were found to
      carry 95% of all spirochete-infected tick larvae among 40 bird species captured
      in Central Europe. More than 90% of the infections were typed as Borrelia garinii
      and Borrelia valaisiana. We conclude that thrushes are key players in the
      maintenance of these spirochete species in this region of Central Europe.

PMID- 18156329
TI  - Utilization of DNA as a sole source of phosphorus, carbon, and energy by
      Shewanella spp.: ecological and physiological implications for dissimilatory
      metal reduction.
AB  - The solubility of orthophosphate (PO4(3-)) in iron-rich sediments can be
      exceedingly low, limiting the bioavailability of this essential nutrient to
      microbial populations that catalyze critical biogeochemical reactions. Here we
      demonstrate that dissolved extracellular DNA can serve as a sole source of
      phosphorus, as well as carbon and energy, for metal-reducing bacteria of the
      genus Shewanella. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, Shewanella putrefaciens CN32, and
      Shewanella sp. strain W3-18-1 all grew with DNA but displayed different growth
      rates. W3-18-1 exhibited the highest growth rate with DNA. While strain W3-18-1
      displayed Ca2+-independent DNA utilization, both CN32 and MR-1 required
      millimolar concentrations of Ca2+ for growth with DNA. For S. oneidensis MR-1,
      the utilization of DNA as a sole source of phosphorus is linked to the activities
      of extracellular phosphatase(s) and a Ca2+-dependent nuclease(s), which are
      regulated by phosphorus availability. Mass spectrometry analysis of the
      extracellular proteome of MR-1 identified one putative endonuclease (SO1844), a
      predicted UshA (bifunctional UDP-sugar hydrolase/5' nucleotidase), a predicted
      PhoX (calcium-activated alkaline phosphatase), and a predicted CpdB (bifunctional
      2',3' cyclic nucleotide 2' phosphodiesterase/3' nucleotidase), all of which could
      play important roles in the extracellular degradation of DNA under phosphorus
      limiting conditions. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the ability
      to use exogenous DNA as the sole source of phosphorus is widespread among the
      shewanellae, and perhaps among all prokaryotes, and may be especially important
      for nutrient cycling in metal-reducing environments.

PMID- 18156330
TI  - Predictive model for inactivation of feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate,
      by heat and high hydrostatic pressure.
AB  - Noroviruses, which are members of the Caliciviridae family, represent the leading
      cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in developed countries; such norovirus
      infections result in high economic costs for health protection. Person-to-person
      contact, contaminated water, and foods, especially raw shellfish, vegetables, and
      fruits, can transmit noroviruses. We inactivated feline calicivirus, a surrogate
      for the nonculturable norovirus, in cell culture medium and mineral water by heat
      and high hydrostatic pressure. Incubation at ambient pressure and 75 degrees C
      for 2 min as well as treatment at 450 MPa and 15 degrees C for 1 min inactivated
      more than 7 log10 PFU of calicivirus per ml in cell culture medium or mineral
      water. The heat and pressure time-inactivation curves obtained with the
      calicivirus showed tailing in the logarithmic scale. Modeling by nth-order
      kinetics of the virus inactivation was successful in predicting the inactivation
      of the infective virus particles. The developed model enables the prediction of
      the calicivirus reduction in response to pressures up to 500 MPa, temperatures
      ranging from 5 to 75 degrees C, and various treatment times. We suggest high
      pressure for processing of foods to reduce the health threat posed by
      noroviruses.

PMID- 18156332
TI  - The genetically remote pathogenic strain NVH391-98 of the Bacillus cereus group
      is representative of a cluster of thermophilic strains.
AB  - Bacteria of the Bacillus cereus group are known to cause food poisoning. A rare
      phylogenetically remote strain, NVH391-98, was recently characterized to encode a
      particularly efficient cytotoxin K presumably responsible for food poisoning.
      This pathogenic strain and its close relatives can be phenotypically
      distinguished from other strains of the B. cereus group by the inability to grow
      at temperatures below 17 degrees C and by the ability to grow at temperatures
      from 48 to 53 degrees C. A temperate phage, phBC391A2, residing in the genome of
      NVH391-98 allows us to distinguish the three known members of this thermophilic
      strain cluster.

PMID- 18156333
TI  - Intergeneric coaggregation among drinking water bacteria: evidence of a role for
      Acinetobacter calcoaceticus as a bridging bacterium.
AB  - Intergeneric coaggregation of drinking water bacteria was tested. Acinetobacter
      calcoaceticus was found not only to autoaggregate but also to coaggregate with
      four of the five other isolates (Burkholderia cepacia, Methylobacterium sp.,
      Mycobacterium mucogenicum, Sphingomonas capsulata, and Staphylococcus sp.). In
      its absence, no coaggregation was found. Interactions were lectin-saccharide
      mediated. The putative bridging function of A. calcoaceticus was evidenced by
      multispecies biofilm studies, through a strain exclusion process.

PMID- 18156331
TI  - Genetic diversity of hydrogen-producing bacteria in an acidophilic ethanol-H2
      coproducing system, analyzed using the [Fe]-hydrogenase gene.
AB  - Hydrogen gas (H2) produced by bacterial fermentation of biomass can be a
      sustainable energy source. The ability to produce H2 gas during anaerobic
      fermentation was previously thought to be restricted to a few species within the
      genera Clostridium and Enterobacter. This work reports genomic evidence for the
      presence of novel H2-producing bacteria (HPB) in acidophilic ethanol-H2
      coproducing communities that were enriched using molasses wastewater. The
      majority of the enriched dominant populations in the acidophilic ethanol-H2
      coproducing system were affiliated with low-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria,
      Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, based on the 16S rRNA gene. However, PCR
      primers designed to specifically target bacterial hydA yielded 17 unique hydA
      sequences whose amino acid sequences differed from those of known HPB. The
      putative ethanol-H2-coproducing bacteria comprised 11 novel phylotypes closely
      related to Ethanoligenens harbinense, Clostridium thermocellum, and Clostridium
      saccharoperbutylacetonicum. Furthermore, analysis of the alcohol dehydrogenase
      isoenzyme also pointed to an E. harbinense-like organism, which is known to have
      a high conversion rate of carbohydrate to H2 and ethanol. We also found six novel
      HPB that were associated with lactate-, propionate-, and butyrate-oxidizing
      bacteria in the acidophilic H2-producing sludge. Thus, the microbial ecology of
      mesophilic and acidophilic H2 fermentation involves many other bacteria in
      addition to Clostridium and Enterobacter.

PMID- 18156334
TI  - Adherence of Helicobacter pylori to abiotic surfaces is influenced by serum.
AB  - Helicobacter pylori bacteria cultured in a chemically defined medium without
      serum readily adhere to a variety of abiotic surfaces. Growth produces
      microcolonies that spread to cover the entire surface, along with a planktonic
      subpopulation. Serum inhibits adherence. Initial attachment is protein mediated,
      but other molecules are responsible for more permanent attachment.

PMID- 18156335
TI  - Risk of gastrointestinal disease associated with exposure to pathogens in the
      sediments of the Lower Passaic River.
AB  - High levels of pathogenic microorganisms have been documented previously in
      waters of the Lower Passaic River in northern New Jersey. The purpose of this
      study was to characterize the microbial contamination of river sediments near
      combined sewer overflows (CSOs), a known source of pathogens. Concentrations of
      fecal coliform, total coliform, fecal Streptococcus, fecal Enterococcus,
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Giardia lamblia, and
      Cryptosporidium parvum organisms were measured in 16 samples from three mudflat
      locations along the Lower Passaic River, as well as from an upstream location.
      Selected samples were also analyzed for antibiotic resistance. All of the samples
      contained high concentrations of total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal
      Streptococcus, and fecal Enterococcus organisms. Analysis of isolates of
      Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli from several
      samples indicated that each strain was resistant to at least one antibiotic
      typically used in clinical settings. Eight of 16 samples contained Giardia, and
      one sample contained Cryptosporidium. With these sampling data, a quantitative
      microbial risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the probability of infection
      or illness resulting from incidental ingestion of contaminated sediments over a 1
      year period. Three potential exposure scenarios were considered: visitor,
      recreator, and homeless person. Single-event risk was first evaluated for the
      three individual exposure scenarios; overall risk was then determined over a 1
      year period using Monte Carlo techniques to characterize uncertainty. For fecal
      Streptococcus and Enterococcus, annualized risk estimates for gastrointestinal
      illness ranged from approximately 0.42 to 0.53 for recreators, 0.07 to 0.10 for
      visitors, and 0.62 to 0.72 for homeless individuals across the three sampling
      locations. Annualized risk of Giardia infection ranged from 0.14 to 0.64 for
      recreators, 0.01 to 0.1 for visitors, and 0.30 to 0.87 for homeless individuals,
      across all locations where detected. Cryptosporidium was detected at one
      location, and the corresponding annualized risk of infection was 0.32, 0.05, and
      0.51 for recreators, visitors, and homeless individuals, respectively. This risk
      assessment suggests that pathogen-contaminated sediments near areas of CSO
      discharge in the Lower Passaic River could pose a health risk to individuals
      coming into contact with sediments in the mudflat areas.

PMID- 18156336
TI  - Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase PhaZa1 is involved in mobilization of
      accumulated PHB in Ralstonia eutropha H16.
AB  - The recently finished genome sequence of Ralstonia eutropha H16 harbors nine
      genes that are thought to encode functions for intracellular depolymerization
      (mobilization) of storage poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). Based on amino acid
      similarities, the gene products belong to four classes (PhaZa1 to PhaZa5, PhaZb,
      PhaZc, and PhaZd1/PhaZd2). However, convincing direct evidence for the in vivo
      roles of the gene products is poor. In this study, we selected four candidate
      genes (phaZa1, phaZb, phaZc, and phaZd1) representing the four classes and
      investigated the physiological function of the gene products (i) with recombinant
      Escherichia coli strains and (ii) with R. eutropha null mutants. Evidence for
      weak but significant PHB depolymerase activity was obtained only for PhaZa1. The
      physiological roles of the other potential PHB depolymerases remain uncertain.

PMID- 18156337
TI  - Functional-genomics-based identification and characterization of open reading
      frames encoding alpha-glucoside-processing enzymes in the hyperthermophilic
      archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus.
AB  - Bioinformatics analysis and transcriptional response information for Pyrococcus
      furiosus grown on alpha-glucans led to the identification of a novel isomaltase
      (PF0132) representing a new glycoside hydrolase (GH) family, a novel GH57 beta
      amylase (PF0870), and an extracellular starch-binding protein (1,141 amino acids;
      PF1109-PF1110), in addition to several other putative alpha-glucan-processing
      enzymes.

PMID- 18156338
TI  - System using tandem repeats of the cA peptidoglycan-binding domain from
      Lactococcus lactis for display of both N- and C-terminal fusions on cell surfaces
      of lactic acid bacteria.
AB  - Here, we established a system for displaying heterologous protein to the C
      terminus of the peptidoglycan-binding domain (cA domain) of AcmA (a major
      autolysin from Lactococcus lactis). Western blot and flow cytometric analyses
      revealed that the fusion proteins (cA-AmyA) of the cA domain and alpha-amylase
      from Streptococcus bovis 148 (AmyA) are efficiently expressed and successfully
      displayed on the surfaces of L. lactis cells. AmyA was also displayed on the cell
      surface while retaining its activity. Moreover, with an increase in the number of
      cA domains, the quantity of cA-AmyA fusion proteins displayed on the cell surface
      increased. When three repeats of the cA domain were used as an anchor protein,
      82% of alpha-amylase activity was detected on the cells. The raw starch-degrading
      activity of AmyA was significantly higher when AmyA was fused to the C terminus
      of the cA domain than when it was fused to the N terminus. In addition, cA-AmyA
      fusion proteins were successfully displayed on the cell surfaces of Lactobacillus
      plantarum and Lactobacillus casei.

PMID- 18156339
TI  - The inhibitory spectrum of thermophilin 9 from Streptococcus thermophilus LMD-9
      depends on the production of multiple peptides and the activity of BlpG(St), a
      thiol-disulfide oxidase.
AB  - The blp(St) cluster of Streptococcus thermophilus LMD-9 was recently shown to
      contain all the genetic information required for the production of bacteriocins
      active against other S. thermophilus strains. In this study, we further
      investigated the antimicrobial activity of S. thermophilus LMD-9 by testing the
      susceptibility of 31 bacterial species (87 strains). We showed that LMD-9
      displays an inhibitory spectrum targeted toward related gram-positive bacteria,
      including pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. Using deletion mutants, we
      investigated the contribution of the three putative bacteriocin-encoding operons
      blpD(St)-orf2, blpU(St)-orf3, and blpE(St)-blpF(St) (bac(St) operons) and of the
      blpG(St) gene, which encodes a putative modification protein, to the inhibitory
      spectrum and immunity of strain LMD-9. Our results present evidence that the
      blp(St) locus encodes a multipeptide bacteriocin system called thermophilin 9.
      Among the four class II bacteriocin-like peptides encoded within the bac(St)
      operons, BlpD(St) alone was sufficient to inhibit the growth of most thermophilin
      9-sensitive species. The blpD(St) gene forms an operon with its associated
      immunity gene(s), and this functional bacteriocin/immunity module could easily be
      transferred to Lactococcus lactis. The remaining three Bac(St) peptides,
      BlpU(St), BlpE(St), and BlpF(St), confer poor antimicrobial activity but act as
      enhancers of the antagonistic activity of thermophilin 9 by an unknown mechanism.
      The blpG(St) gene was also shown to be specifically required for the antilisteria
      activity of thermophilin 9, since its deletion abolished the sensitivities of
      most Listeria species. By complementation of the motility deficiency of
      Escherichia coli dsbA, we showed that blpG(St) encodes a functional thiol
      disulfide oxidase, suggesting an important role for disulfide bridges within
      thermophilin 9.

PMID- 18156340
TI  - Improvement of the thermostability and activity of a pectate lyase by single
      amino acid substitutions, using a strategy based on melting-temperature-guided
      sequence alignment.
AB  - In the vast number of random mutagenesis experiments that have targeted protein
      thermostability, single amino acid substitutions that increase the apparent
      melting temperature (Tm) of the enzyme more than 1 to 2 degrees C are rare and
      often require the creation of a large library of mutated genes. Here we present a
      case where a single beneficial mutation (R236F) of a hemp fiber-processing
      pectate lyase of Xanthomonas campestris origin (PL(Xc)) produced a 6 degrees C
      increase in Tm and a 23-fold increase in the half-life at 45 degrees C without
      compromising the enzyme's catalytic efficiency. This success was based on a
      variation of sequence alignment strategy where a mesophilic amino acid sequence
      is matched with the sequences of its thermophilic counterparts that have
      established Tm values. Altogether, two-thirds of the nine targeted single amino
      acid substitutions were found to have effects either on the thermostability or on
      the catalytic activity of the enzyme, evidence of a high success rate of mutation
      without the creation of a large gene library and subsequent screening of clones.
      Combination of R236F with another beneficial mutation (A31G) resulted in at least
      a twofold increase in specific activity while preserving the improved Tm value.
      To understand the structural basis for the increased thermal stability or
      activity, the variant R236F and A31G R236F proteins and wild-type PL(Xc) were
      purified and crystallized. By structure analysis and computational methods,
      hydrophobic desolvation was found to be the driving force for the increased
      stability with R236F.

PMID- 18156341
TI  - Fermentative utilization of glycerol by Escherichia coli and its implications for
      the production of fuels and chemicals.
AB  - Availability, low prices, and a high degree of reduction make glycerol an ideal
      feedstock to produce reduced chemicals and fuels via anaerobic fermentation.
      Although glycerol metabolism in Escherichia coli had been thought to be
      restricted to respiratory conditions, we report here the utilization of this
      carbon source in the absence of electron acceptors. Cells grew fermentatively on
      glycerol and exhibited exponential growth at a maximum specific growth rate of
      0.040 +/- 0.003 h(-1). The fermentative nature of glycerol metabolism was
      demonstrated through studies in which cell growth and glycerol utilization were
      observed despite blocking several respiratory processes. The incorporation of
      glycerol in cellular biomass was also investigated via nuclear magnetic resonance
      analysis of cultures in which either 50% U-13C-labeled or 100% unlabeled glycerol
      was used. These studies demonstrated that about 20% of the carbon incorporated
      into the protein fraction of biomass originated from glycerol. The use of U-13C
      labeled glycerol also allowed the unambiguous identification of ethanol and
      succinic, acetic, and formic acids as the products of glycerol fermentation. The
      synthesis of ethanol was identified as a metabolic determinant of glycerol
      fermentation; this pathway fulfills energy requirements by generating, in a redox
      balanced manner, 1 mol of ATP per mol of glycerol converted to ethanol. A
      fermentation balance analysis revealed an excellent closure of both carbon
      (approximately 95%) and redox (approximately 96%) balances. On the other hand,
      cultivation conditions that prevent H2 accumulation were shown to be an
      environmental determinant of glycerol fermentation. The negative effect of H2 is
      related to its metabolic recycling, which in turn generates an unfavorable
      internal redox state. The implications of our findings for the production of
      reduced chemicals and fuels were illustrated by coproducing ethanol plus formic
      acid and ethanol plus hydrogen from glycerol at yields approaching their
      theoretical maximum.

PMID- 18156342
TI  - Risk of gastrointestinal disease associated with exposure to pathogens in the
      water of the Lower Passaic River.
AB  - During precipitation events, untreated human sewage is often intentionally
      discharged to surface water bodies via combined sewer overflow (CSO) systems in
      order to avoid overloading wastewater treatment plants. The purpose of this
      analysis was to evaluate the risk of pathogen-related disease associated with CSO
      discharges into the Lower Passaic River. Concentrations of fecal coliform, total
      coliform, fecal Streptococcus, and fecal Enterococcus bacteria were measured at
      six river locations on six different days in 2003 (n = 36). In addition, water
      samples (n = 2) were collected directly from and in the immediate vicinity of a
      discharging CSO in Newark, NJ. These samples were analyzed for fecal coliforms,
      total coliforms, fecal Streptococcus, fecal Enterococcus, Giardia lamblia,
      Cryptosporidium parvum, and several viruses. Risk estimates for gastrointestinal
      illness and Giardia infection resulting from indirect and direct ingestion of
      contaminated water were calculated for three potential exposure scenarios:
      visitor, recreator, and homeless person. Single-event risk was first evaluated
      for the three individual exposure scenarios; overall risk was then determined
      over a 1-year period. Monte Carlo techniques were used to characterize
      uncertainty. Nearly all of the pathogen concentrations measured in the Passaic
      River exceeded health-based water quality criteria and in some cases were similar
      to levels reported for raw sewage. The probability of contracting
      gastrointestinal illness due to fecal Streptococcus and Enterococcus from
      incidental ingestion of water over the course of a year ranged from 0.14 to
      nearly 0.70 for the visitor and recreator scenarios, respectively. For the
      homeless person exposure scenario, the risk for gastrointestinal illness reached
      0.88 for fecal Streptococcus and Enterococcus, while the probability of Giardia
      infection was 1.0. This risk analysis suggests that, due to the levels of
      pathogens present in the Lower Passaic River, contact with the water poses, and
      will continue to pose, significant human health risks until CSO discharges are
      adequately controlled or abated.

PMID- 18156343
TI  - Effect of low doses of Aspergillus niger phytase on growth performance, bone
      strength, and nutrient absorption and excretion by growing and finishing swine
      fed corn-soybean meal diets deficient in available phosphorus and calcium.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of low doses of
      Aspergillus niger (AN) phytase for growing and finishing pigs fed corn-soybean
      meal (SBM) diets with narrow Ca:P ratios that were about 0.9 g/kg deficient in
      available P and Ca. Experiment 1 utilized 120 pigs with an early finisher period
      from 51.5 +/- 0.2 to 89.7 +/- 0.9 kg of BW and a late finisher period that ended
      at 122.5 +/- 2.0 kg of BW. During each period, treatments were the low-P diets
      with 0, 150, 300, or 450 units (U) of AN phytase added/kg of diet, and a positive
      control (PC) diet. There were linear increases (P < or = 0.001) in bone strength
      and ash weight, the absorption of P (g/d and %) and Ca (%), and overall ADG (P =
      0.01) with increasing concentration of AN phytase. Pigs fed the diets with 150,
      300, or 450 U of AN phytase/kg did not differ from pigs fed the PC diet in growth
      performance overall, and pigs fed the diets with 300 or 450 U of AN phytase did
      not differ in P and Ca absorption (g/d) or bone ash weight from pigs fed the PC
      diet. However, only pigs fed the diet with 450 U of AN phytase/kg had bone
      strength similar to that of pigs fed the PC diet. Experiment 2 utilized 120 pigs
      in a grower phase from 25.3 +/- 0.1 to 57.8 +/- 0.8 kg of BW and a finisher phase
      that ended at 107.6 +/- 1.0 kg of BW. Treatments were the low-P diet with AN
      phytase added at 300, 500, or 700 U/kg of grower diet, and 150, 250, or 350 U/kg
      of finisher diet, respectively, resulting in treatments AN300/150, AN500/250, and
      AN700/350. Growth performance and the absorption (g/d) of P and Ca for the grower
      and finisher phases were not different for pigs fed the diets containing AN
      phytase and pigs fed the PC diets. However, pigs fed the PC diets excreted more
      fecal P (g/d, P < or = 0.01) during the grower and more P and Ca (g/d, P < 0.001)
      during the finisher phases than the pigs fed the diets with phytase. There were
      linear increases (P < or = 0.05) in bone strength and bone ash weight with
      increasing concentration of AN phytase. However, pigs fed the PC diets had a
      greater bone strength and bone ash weight than pigs fed diets AN300/150,
      AN500/250 (P < or = 0.02), or AN700/350 (P < or = 0.08). There were no treatment
      responses for N or DM digestibility in either experiment. Phytase supplementation
      reduced fecal P excretion from 16 to 38% and fecal Ca excretion from 21 to 42% in
      these experiments. In conclusion, 450 U of AN phytase/kg was effective in
      replacing 0.9 g of the inorganic P/kg of corn-SBM diet for finishing swine based
      on bone strength, whereas 300 or 150 U of AN phytase/kg of diet maintained growth
      performance of grower or finisher pigs, respectively.

PMID- 18156344
TI  - Effects of supplemental fat source on nutrient digestion and ruminal fermentation
      in steers.
AB  - Five Holstein steers (235 kg of BW) fitted with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal
      cannulas were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design experiment to determine the
      effects of supplemental fat source on site and extent of nutrient digestion and
      ruminal fermentation. Treatments were diets based on steam-flaked corn containing
      no supplemental fat (control) or 4% (DM basis) supplemental fat as tallow, dried
      full-fat corn germ (corn germ), corn oil, or flax oil. Fat supplementation
      decreased (P < 0.08) ruminal starch digestion but increased (P < 0.03) small
      intestinal starch digestion as a percentage of intake. Feeding corn germ
      decreased (P < 0.09) ruminal starch digestion and increased (P < 0.03) large
      intestinal starch digestion compared with steers fed corn oil. Large intestinal
      starch digestion was less (P < 0.04), and ruminal NDF digestion was greater (P <
      0.09) for steers fed tallow compared with steers fed other fat sources. Small
      intestinal (P < 0.08) and total tract NDF digestibilities were greater (P < 0.02)
      for steers fed corn germ than for those fed corn oil. Feeding tallow increased
      total ruminal VFA (P < 0.03) and NH(3) (P < 0.07) concentrations compared with
      steers fed the other fat sources. Feeding corn germ led to a greater (P < 0.02)
      rate of ruminal liquid outflow compared with corn oil. A diet x hour interaction
      (P < 0.04) occurred for ruminal pH, with steers fed corn oil having the greatest
      ruminal pH 18 h after feeding, without differences at other time points. Fat
      supplementation increased (P < 0.09) ruminal concentrations of Fusobacterium
      necrophorum. Duodenal flow of C18:3n-3 was greater (P < 0.01) for steers fed flax
      oil compared with those fed corn oil. Feeding corn germ led to less (P < 0.01)
      ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids compared with corn oil. Steers fed tallow
      had greater small intestinal digestibility of C14:0 (P < 0.02) and C16:1 (P <
      0.04) than steers fed the other fat sources. Fat supplementation decreased (P <
      0.06) small intestinal digestibility of C18:0. Feeding corn germ decreased (P <
      0.10) small intestinal digestibility of C18:1 compared with corn oil. It appears
      that source of supplemental fat can affect the site and extent of fatty acid and
      nutrient digestion in steers fed diets based on steam-flaked corn.

PMID- 18156345
TI  - Alpharma Beef Cattle Nutrition symposium: manipulation of nutrient synchrony.

PMID- 18156346
TI  - Reducing phosphorus inputs for grazing Holstein steers.
AB  - A 2-yr study was conducted to confirm that managed pastures can provide Holstein
      steers adequate P to meet their daily requirement. Treatments offered were trace
      mineralized salt with or without additional P. In the first year, 80 Holstein
      steers (248 kg of BW) were assigned to 4 grazing groups. Treatments were trace
      mineralized salt only or a 67:33 mixture of trace mineralized salt and dicalcium
      phosphate. Steers rotationally grazed a cool-season grass/legume mixture for 137
      d. Fecal bags were placed on 3 steers from each grazing group (n = 12) over a 4-d
      period for estimation of forage DMI and forage contribution to daily P intake
      twice during the grazing season. Analyzed pasture samples contained 3.28 mg of
      P/g of DM. During the second year, 72 Holstein steers (297 kg of BW) were blocked
      into 2 BW groups and subsequently assigned to 1 of 4 pasture groups. Steers
      rotationally grazed the same forage base as the first year for 126 d. Pasture
      samples contained 3.27 mg of P/g of DM. No significant differences (P > 0.10)
      were detected for BW, ADG, or free-choice supplemental mineral intake. Forage
      provided 126% of the recommended NRC P requirement. Thus, supplemental
      phosphorous was not required for Holstein steers grazing mixed, cool-season,
      grass/legume pastures.

PMID- 18156347
TI  - Net joint kinetics in the limbs of pigs walking on concrete floor in dry and
      contaminated conditions.
AB  - In pigs (Sus scrofa), joint disorders are frequent leg problems, and
      inappropriate pigpen floors and slippery floor conditions may contribute to these
      problems. Therefore, this study first aimed to quantify the net joint kinetics
      (net joint moments and net joint reaction forces) in the forelimbs and hindlimbs
      of healthy pigs walking on solid concrete floors. Second, this study aimed to
      examine the effect of floor condition on the net joint kinetics. Kinematic (50-Hz
      video recordings) and kinetic (1-kHz force plate measurements) data were
      collected from 30 pigs and combined with body segment parameters from a cadaver
      study. Net joint kinetics was calculated by using a 2-dimensional inverse dynamic
      solution. Inverse dynamics have, to our knowledge, not been applied in pigs
      before. Dry, greasy, and wet floor conditions were tested with 10 pigs each. In
      the forelimbs, peak joint moment was less (P < 0.01) on greasy (0.184 +/- 0.012
      Nm/kg, moment of force per kg of BW) than on dry (0.232 +/- 0.012 Nm/kg) or wet
      (0.230 +/- 0.012 Nm/kg) conditions. Additionally, the minimum forelimb joint
      moment was more negative (P < 0.05) on greasy (-0.119 +/- 0.009 Nm/kg) than on
      dry or wet (both -0.091 +/- 0.009 Nm/kg) conditions. The forelimb joint reaction
      forces and the hindlimb joint kinetics were unaffected by floor condition. The
      greatest (P < 0.001) joint moments occurred in the shoulder (-0.376 +/- 0.007
      Nm/kg), elbow (0.345 +/- 0.009 Nm/kg), hip (0.252 +/- 0.009 Nm/kg), and tarsal
      (0.329 +/- 0.009 Nm/kg) joints, which may be related to the greater incidence of
      joint diseases in some of these joints. In conclusion, the forelimb joints of the
      pigs responded more markedly to floor condition than did their hindlimb joints,
      probably because the forelimbs carry more weight. In particular, between the dry
      and greasy floor conditions, the joint loading differed, most likely because the
      pigs adapted to a potentially slippery surface.

PMID- 18156348
TI  - Immunological signaling networks: integrating the body's immune response.
AB  - The role of the immune system is to protect against infection and to eliminate
      disease from the host. Nonimmune cells can not only act as physical barriers, but
      also respond to microbial stimulation to release antimicrobial molecules, whereas
      immune cells are primarily responsible for eliminating pathogens or cancerous
      cells. In addition, immune cells regulate the immune response affecting the types
      of cells that are activated or suppressed. The following discussion is an
      overview of the immune system and its interconnection with the host. How
      nonimmune cells and innate and adaptive immune cells work separately and together
      to respond to a pathogenic challenge is discussed. In addition, how the immune
      system can be affected by factors such as nutrition and stress, and how the
      immune system can affect factors such as fertility demonstrates the integration
      of the immune system in processes other than elimination of pathogens.

PMID- 18156349
TI  - Relationship between myosin heavy chain isoform expression and muscling in
      several diverse pig breeds.
AB  - The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of the relative
      abundance of transcripts of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms and muscling in
      several diverse pig breeds. The animals used were from 3 pure breeds (Pietrain,
      Duroc, and Mongcai) and 2 crosses [Duroc x Pietrain (DUPI) and Duroc x Berlin
      Miniature pigs (DUMI)]. Real-time PCR quantification of MyHC isoforms I, IIa,
      IIx, and IIb showed that the relative expression of MyHC IIb was greater in pigs
      with large LM areas in both DUPI (69.6 vs. 53.0%) and DUMI (60.5 vs. 47.5%). In
      DUPI, similar transcript levels of MyHC I were found in both large and small LM
      (14.7 and 15.2%), whereas in DUMI animals, these values were 18.4 and 33.5% (P <
      0.05). The groups of animals with large and small LM area in the DUPI also tended
      to differ in MyHC IIa and IIx transcripts. The comparison among different breeds
      confirmed the trend of high MyHC IIb transcript abundance together with high
      muscularity. In Pietrain, Duroc, DUPI, and DUMI, MyHC IIb accounted for more than
      half of the MyHC transcripts (65.4, 59.7, 54.0, and 54.0%). Mongcai showed low
      MyHC IIb (11.4%) but high type I, IIa, and IIx relative RNA levels (24.1, 28.5,
      and 35.9%). Frequencies of fibers, determined by muscle fiber staining with
      ATPase, and relative abundance of MyHC isoforms, determined by quantitative
      reverse transcription-PCR, of corresponding pairs of type I, IIa, and IIx/ IIb
      were correlated (r = 0.71, 0.67, and 0.52, respectively). The study demonstrates
      that MyHC IIb fibers are the most prominent in pigs having large LM area and
      implies that MyHC IIb is the determining fiber contributing to the
      differentiation of large and small loin eye muscle area in the pig.

PMID- 18156351
TI  - Sheep symposium: biology and management of low-input lambing in easy-care
      systems.

PMID- 18156350
TI  - A decade of developments in the area of fat supplementation research with beef
      cattle and sheep.
AB  - Supplementing ruminant animal diets with fat has been investigated as a means to
      influence a variety of physiological processes or to alter fatty acid composition
      of food products derived from ruminant animals. Several digestion experiments
      have been conducted with beef cattle and sheep to elucidate the effects of
      supplemental fat on utilization of other dietary components. Negative associative
      effects are not likely to be observed in ruminants consuming forage-based diets
      with supplemental fat at < or = 2% of DMI. Inclusion of supplemental fat at < or
      = 3% of DM is recommended to obtain the most benefit from the energy contained
      within the fat and other dietary components in high-forage diets. For ruminants
      fed high-concentrate diets, supplementing fat at 6% of diet DM is expected to
      have minimal impacts on utilization of other dietary components. Although there
      is greater potential to supply the ruminant animal with unsaturated fatty acids
      from dietary origin if fat is added to high-concentrate diets, incomplete ruminal
      biohydrogenation of C18 unsaturated fatty acids results in an increase in
      duodenal flow of 18:1 trans fatty acids regardless of basal diet consumed by the
      animal. The biohydrogenation intermediate 18:1 trans-11 (trans-vaccenic acid) is
      the likely precursor to cis-9, trans-11 CLA because the magnitude of increase in
      CLA content in tissues or milk of ruminants fed fat is much greater than the
      increase in CLA presented to the small intestine of ruminants fed fat
      supplements. Duodenal flow of trans-vaccenic acid is also substantially greater
      than CLA. Increasing unsaturated fatty acids status of ruminants imparts
      physiological responses that are separate than the energy value of supplemental
      fat. Manipulating maternal diet to improve unsaturated fatty acid status of the
      neonate has practical benefits for animals experiencing stress due to exposure to
      cold environments or conditions which mount an immune response. Supplementing fat
      to provide an additional 16 to 18 g/d of 18:2n-6 to the small intestine of beef
      cows for the first 60 to 90 d of lactation will have negative impacts on
      reproduction and may impair immune function of the suckling calf. Consequences of
      the suckling animal increasing its intake of unsaturated fatty acids because of
      manipulation of maternal diet warrants further investigation.

PMID- 18156352
TI  - Reproductive performance and genetic parameters in first cross ewes from
      different maternal genotypes.
AB  - The reproduction of 2,846 crossbreed ewes with 7,899 records is reported. The
      ewes were progeny of mainly Merino dams and 91 sires from several maternal sire
      breeds including Border Leicester, East Friesian, Finnsheep, Coopworth,
      Corriedale, Booroola Leicester, and several others. There were 3 cohorts of ewes
      at each of 3 sites that were bred naturally to meat-type rams for each of 3 yr to
      evaluate reproduction and lamb production. At 2 sites, the ewes were mated in the
      autumn, first at 7 mo of age, and at 2 sites the ewes were mated in the spring,
      first at 14 or 17 mo of age. The cohorts of ewes and sites were genetically
      linked by 3 common sires. Mixed linear models were used to analyze ultrasound
      scanned pregnancy rate, fetal number, fertility (ewes lambing), litter size, lamb
      survival, number of lambs born (NLBj), number of lambs weaned (NLWj), and total
      weight of lamb weaned (TWWj) per ewe bred. Fixed effects included sire breed (1
      to 10), environment (1 to 4, site and season of breeding: autumn, spring),
      breeding (1 to 3), cohort (1 to 3), and their interactions. The REML procedures
      were used to estimate (co)variance components. Ewe sire breed effects were
      significant (P < 0.01) for all the reproductive traits and breed means ranged
      from 0.75 to 0.96 for fertility, 1.22 to 2.08 for litter size, 0.70 to 0.90 for
      lamb survival, 0.99 to 1.66 for NLBj, 0.87 to 1.26 for NLWj, and 22.9 to 33.8 kg
      for TWWj, with the ranking of sire breeds varying for different traits. For all
      traits except lamb survival, the contrast between breeding 1 vs. 2 and 3 was
      considerably greater than the contrast between breeding 2 vs. 3, with significant
      environment x breeding interactions (P < 0.01). Estimates of heritability for the
      components of reproduction ranged from 0.03 +/- 0.02 for lamb survival to 0.19 +/
      0.05 for litter size, and those for the composite traits were 0.17 +/- 0.04 for
      NLBj, 0.13 +/- 0.04 for NLWj, and 0.17 +/- 0.04 for TWWj, with repeatability
      ranging from 0.10 to 0.19. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among the traits
      are reported. The significant variation among sire breeds of the crossbred ewes
      can be used to improve reproduction, although there was a change in the rank of
      the breeds for the various traits. There was considerable overlap between the
      breeds, and additional improvement could be achieved by exploiting the genetic
      variation between sires within breeds for all the ewe reproductive traits.

PMID- 18156353
TI  - An evaluation of natural (RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) and synthetic (all-rac
      alpha-tocopheryl acetate) vitamin E fortification in the diet or drinking water
      of weanling pigs.
AB  - Three experiments conducted with weanling pigs evaluated the effects of vitamin E
      added to the drinking water or diet on plasma and tissue alpha-tocopherol
      concentrations. When natural or synthetic vitamin E was used, it was added at an
      IU-equivalent basis, but natural vitamin E was 73.5% (mg basis) of the synthetic
      vitamin E. Experiment 1 used 18-d-old weanling pigs (n = 120) in a 3 x 2
      factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design with 4
      replicates. The first factor evaluated the dietary levels of natural vitamin E
      (RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) added at 0, 50, or 300 IU/kg, whereas the second
      factor was the natural vitamin E added to the drinking water at 0 or 100 IU/L.
      Pigs were bled at periodic intervals, and 1 pig per pen was killed at the end of
      the 21-d trial and tissues (liver, heart, lung, and loin) were collected for
      alpha-tocopherol analysis. When vitamin E was not added to the diet or water,
      plasma alpha-tocopherol declined over the 21-d period. Although there were some
      interactions (P < 0.01), tissue and plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations
      increased linearly when vitamin E was added to the diet or water. Experiment 2
      was a 3 x 2 factorial in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. A
      total of 96 pigs weaned at 18 d of age, with an initial BW of 6.2 kg, were fed a
      nonvitamin E fortified diet, but natural or synthetic (all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl
      acetate) vitamin E was added to their drinking water at 50, 100, or 150 IU/L.
      Pigs were bled at 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 d postweaning, with tissues (liver,
      lung, heart, and loin) collected for alpha-tocopherol analysis at d 21. The
      results indicated that plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations increased (P <
      0.01) as vitamin E increased, with greater tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations
      (P < 0.01) when natural vitamin E was provided. Experiment 3 was conducted in 2
      replicates, but pigs (n = 60) were not provided vitamin E in the diet or water
      for 7 d postweaning, and then natural or synthetic vitamin E was added to the
      drinking water as in Exp. 2 (50, 100, or 150 IU/L). Pigs were bled at 0, 2, 4, 6,
      8, 10, and 24 h after being provided vitamin E to evaluate the absorption from
      each vitamin E source and level. Plasma alpha-tocopherol increased quadratically
      (P < 0.01) and plateaued at 8 to 10 h for each treatment group. These results
      indicate that adding vitamin E to the pig's water supply at weaning was more
      effective in increasing plasma alpha-tocopherol than when it was added to the
      diet during the initial 14 d postweaning, and that natural vitamin E was a
      superior source compared with synthetic vitamin E.

PMID- 18156354
TI  - Caspase 3 is not likely involved in the postmortem tenderization of beef muscle.
AB  - Postmortem proteolysis is an important determinant of beef tenderness. Caspase 3
      is a protease that functions in apoptosis and has been shown to degrade
      myofibrillar proteins. Our objective was to evaluate whether caspase 3 activity
      is related to beef tenderness and muscle growth, and whether caspase 3 is
      activated in postmortem beef muscle. In experiment 1, longissimus thoracis (LT)
      and sternomandibularis muscle samples were obtained at 0, 0.25, 1, 3, 24, 72, and
      240 h postmortem from 5 steers. In experiment 2, a group of 40 beef cattle was
      slaughtered at the University of Wyoming Meat Lab with 10 steers of different
      tenderness and growth characteristics chosen for the analysis of caspase 3
      activity in the LT. In experiment 3, 10 steers with different tenderness but
      matched growth characteristics were chosen for analyses. In experiment 1, no
      significant activation (P = 0.70) of caspase 3 activity was detected; only a
      decreased activity at 72 (P = 0.05) and 240 h (P = 0.02) postmortem was observed.
      Western blot analysis of both muscle samples showed only the pro-caspase 3 form
      and failed to detect the activated enzyme. In experiment 2, caspase 3 activity in
      the LT immediately postmortem was greater (P = 0.05) for the cattle with
      increased Warner-Bratzler shear force values. No difference in caspase 3 activity
      was detected for experiment 3. Our results demonstrate that caspase 3 activity is
      not activated, with its activity decreasing with time postmortem, and caspase 3
      activity is not associated with Warner-Bratzler shear force at slaughter.
      Therefore, caspase 3 is not anticipated to be involved in postmortem
      tenderization of beef.

PMID- 18156355
TI  - Effects of dietary arginine supplementation during gestation and lactation on the
      performance of lactating primiparous sows and nursing piglets.
AB  - A 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized block design was used
      to determine the effects of dietary Arg supplementation during gestation and
      lactation on the lactation performance of 38 first-parity sows. At 30 d of
      gestation, pregnant gilts were allotted based on BW to 1 of 2 diets supplemented
      with 1% L-Arg.HCl or 1.7% L-Ala (isonitrogenous control). After farrowing, sows
      were further allotted based on BW within previous gestation treatment groups to 1
      of 2 lactation diets supplemented with 1% L-Arg.HCl or 1.7% L-Ala (isonitrogenous
      control). All gestation diets contained 3.1 Mcal/kg and 12.2% CP (as is) and were
      fed 2 kg/d in 2 equally sized meals, whereas all lactation diets contained 3.2
      Mcal/kg and 18.6% CP (as is) and were fed ad libitum. Litter size was
      standardized to 10 piglets by cross-fostering within 24 h postfarrowing. On a
      weekly basis, BW and backfat (BF) thickness of sows, as well as piglet BW were
      measured, and blood and milk samples were obtained from the sows. Number of days
      from weaning to estrus and ADFI were also recorded. There were no differences in
      BW, BF thickness, ADFI, or days until return to estrus among treatment groups.
      There was no effect of the gestation diet or a gestation x lactation diet
      interaction on any parameter measured. On d 7 of lactation, plasma concentrations
      of Arg and insulin in sows, as well as concentrations of most AA in milk, were
      greater (P < 0.05) in response to Arg supplementation during lactation compared
      with the control. Weight gain of piglets from sows fed the Arg-supplemented diet
      during lactation was greater between d 0 and 7 (P < 0.01) and between d 0 and 21
      (P < 0.05) of lactation compared with piglets from sows fed the control diet.
      Collectively, results from this study indicate the potential beneficial effects
      of dietary Arg supplementation in improving the lactation performance of first
      parity sows.

PMID- 18156356
TI  - Apoptosis and antioxidant status are influenced by age and exercise training in
      horses.
AB  - Eight mature (12 +/- 2 yr; MAT) and 5 older (22 +/- 2 yr; OLD) Standardbred mares
      were used to test the hypothesis that aging and exercise training would alter
      apoptosis in white blood cells and antioxidant status. The horses were housed
      indoors overnight (16 h/d) in 3 m x 3 m stalls and were turned out in a drylot
      during the day. They were fed a diet consisting of total mixed ration, hay cubes
      fed ad libitum or an equine senior diet plus grass hay. Horses were trained for
      20 to 30 min/d, 3 to 5 d/wk for 8 wk at a submaximal work intensity between 60 to
      70% of maximal heart rate. A graded exercise test (GXT; stepwise test until
      exhaustion) was performed before (GXT1) and after (GXT2) the 8 wk of training.
      During the GXT, blood samples and heart rate were taken at rest, 6 m/s, fatigue,
      and at 5 and 60 min postfatigue. Fatigue plasma lactate concentration was greater
      in MAT (19.3 +/- 1.5 at 10 m/s) compared with the OLD (10.9 +/- 1.2 mmol/L at 9
      m/s; P = 0.008) horses. There was no effect of age or training on plasma lipid
      hydroperoxide (LPO) concentration. However, there was a positive correlation
      between LPO and plasma lactate concentration (r = 0.27, P = 0.006) during acute
      exercise. There was a greater concentration of total glutathione after GXT1 than
      after GXT2 (111.8 +/- 5.0 vs. 98.6 +/- 3.4 microM, respectively; P = 0.0002) for
      both age groups. Apoptosis was less (P = 0.002) in white blood cells of the MAT
      vs. the OLD group. These results demonstrate that older horses are under similar
      amounts of oxidative stress, measured by LPO, and have similar levels of
      glutathione in their systems compared with mature horses. The observation that
      more glutathione was needed during GXT1 for both groups of horses indicates that
      training helps horses adapt their system for the intense post-training exercise
      tests. The greater level of white blood cell apoptosis also indicates that older
      horses may be immune-compromised during exercise. However, research still needs
      to be performed regarding dietary supplementation in the aged horse.

PMID- 18156357
TI  - Effect of ovulatory follicle size and expression of estrus on progesterone
      secretion in beef cows.
AB  - Induced ovulation of small dominant follicles (SF, < 12 mm; CO-Synch protocol) in
      postpartum beef cows resulted in formation of corpora lutea (CL) that exhibited a
      delayed rise in progesterone (P4) compared with CL from large dominant follicles
      (LF, > 12 mm). Experiment 1 characterized P4 concentrations from ovulation to
      subsequent estrus among GnRH-induced or spontaneously ovulated SF (<or= 11 mm) or
      LF (>or= 12 mm) to determine if P4 secretion by CL formed from GnRH-induced SF
      remains lower postovulation in nonlactating beef cows. Nonlactating beef cows
      were induced to ovulate 48 h after PGF(2alpha) (CO-Synch; GnRH on d - 9,
      PGF(2alpha) on d - 2, and GnRH on d 0) or exhibited estrus and spontaneously
      ovulated after PGF(2alpha). Follicle size was measured at the second GnRH in cows
      induced to ovulate or approximately 3 h after the onset of estrus for cows that
      ovulated spontaneously. Cows were classified into 1 of 4 groups: 1) GnRH-induced
      ovulation-SF (<or= 11 mm; Ind-SF; n = 9); 2) GnRH-induced ovulation-LF (>or= 12
      mm; Ind-LF; n = 16); 3) spontaneous ovulation-SF (<or= 11 mm; Spon-SF; n = 8); 4)
      spontaneous ovulation-LF (>or= 12 mm; Spon-LF; n = 22). Serum concentrations of
      P4 from d 3 to 15 were reduced in the Ind-SF compared with the Ind-LF (P = 0.05),
      Spon-SF (P = 0.07), and Spon-LF (P = 0.03). Experiment 2 characterized P4
      concentrations (0 to 60 d postAI) among GnRH-induced or spontaneously ovulated SF
      (<or= 12 mm) or LF (>or= 13 mm) to determine if P4 secretion by CL formed from
      GnRH-induced SF remained lower during early gestation. Ovulation was induced with
      GnRH 48 h after PGF(2) (CO-Synch) or occurred spontaneously, and ovulatory
      follicle size was measured at AI. Lactating cows were classified into 1 of 3
      groups: 1) GnRH-induced ovulation-SF (<or= 12 mm; Ind-SF; n = 10); 2) GnRH
      induced ovulation-LF (>or= 13 mm; Ind-LF; n = 43); or 3) spontaneous ovulation-LF
      (>or= 13 mm; Spon-LF; n = 27). The increase in P4 concentrations was greater (P =
      0.06) in pregnant (d 2 to 12) compared with nonpregnant cows. Also, the increase
      in P4 from d 2 to 12 was greater (P = 0.01) in the Ind-LF compared with the Ind
      SF groups, but there was no difference (P = 0.94) among groups in P4 from d 14 to
      60 in pregnant cows. Follicle size at AI influenced the increase in P4 in cows
      that failed to conceive (P = 0.007), but not among cows that became pregnant (P =
      0.32) to AI. In summary, P4 secretion after GnRH-induced ovulation of SF was
      decreased from d 2 to 12 compared with that of LF, but was similar among pregnant
      cows from d 14 to 60 postAI (d 0).

PMID- 18156358
TI  - Inheritance of pulmonary arterial pressure in Angus cattle and its correlation
      with growth.
AB  - Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) is an indicator of resistance to blood flow
      through the lungs and when measured at high altitude is a reliable predictor of
      susceptibility of an animal to brisket disease, a noninfectious cardiac pulmonary
      condition. (Co)-variance components for PAP, birth weight, and adjusted 205-d
      weaning weight were estimated from 2,305 spring-born, registered Angus cattle
      from a Colorado ranch at an elevation of 1,981 m. A single measure of PAP was
      collected after weaning on animals born from 1984 to 2003. The same licensed
      veterinarian measured every animal. Multitrait animal models with and without PAP
      maternal effects were fitted for a pedigree including 132 sires and 793 dams. The
      interaction of year x sex was a significant fixed effect (P <0.05) for PAP, but
      age of dam was not. Age at PAP testing was a significant (P <0.1) linear
      covariate for PAP, and scores increased 0.012 +/- 0.007 mmHg X d(-1) of age.
      Heritability of PAP direct was 0.34 +/- 0.05. Maternal heritability converged to
      a boundary at 0.0, and the model with maternal genetic effects for PAP was not
      significantly better than a model with only direct effects. Phenotypically, PAP
      was uncorrelated with birth or weaning weights. Genetically, PAP appeared to have
      positive, unfavorable relationships with direct effects for birth (0.49 +/- 0.12)
      and weaning weight (0.50 +/- 0.18). Positive correlations imply sires whose
      offspring exhibited resistance to brisket disease had lower weights and gains. A
      model that evaluated PAP in females and males as different traits had
      heritability estimates for each sex of 0.38 +/- 0.07 and 0.46 +/- 0.09,
      respectively, with a genetic correlation of 0.64 +/- 0.12 between the sexes and
      was not significantly better than the model assuming homogeneity by sex and a
      unit genetic correlation between sexes. The results suggest that PAP is
      moderately heritable in spring-born Angus cattle acclimatized and tested at high
      altitude, and selection for low PAP scores would be effective. Selection for
      growth at low altitude will produce cattle less suited to high altitude.

PMID- 18156359
TI  - Intramuscular fat content has little influence on the eating quality of fresh
      pork loin chops.
AB  - Fresh pork loins (n = 290) were selected from a commercial packing facility based
      on subjective marbling of the intact loin and 24-h pH to determine the influence
      of marbling on sensory attributes. The study was designed using pigs from a
      similar genetic background, raised in similar production facilities, and
      slaughtered on a single kill day to minimize the effects of genetics, management,
      environment, and slaughter day. Loins were vacuum-packaged, transported to the
      University of Illinois Meat Science Laboratory, and aged for 7 d, after which a
      chop was removed from the area of the tenth rib for proximate analysis. Quality
      measurements, including National Pork Producers Council color, marbling, and
      firmness, ultimate pH, Minolta L*, a*, and b*, and drip loss, were determined
      after aging. After the proximate composition was completed, 150 loins were
      selected to provide a continuous and uniform distribution of extractable lipid,
      ranging from 1 to 8%, and a pH range from 5.5 to 5.8. Trained sensory panel
      analyses (end point cooking temperatures of 62, 71, or 80 degrees C) as well as
      measurement of Warner-Bratzler shear force (cooked to 71 degrees C) were
      performed on chops from the 150 loins. Consumer evaluation was also conducted on
      a subset (n = 40) of these loins, which were broken down into 5 discrete levels
      of intramuscular lipid, with averages of 1.6, 2.5, 3.6, 4.5, and 5.7% extractable
      lipid. Consumers were also asked to select the chops they would most prefer from
      a retail display case based on the amount of marbling present. Results from the
      consumer portion of the study indicated that intramuscular fat content had
      limited effects on perceived tenderness, juiciness, pork flavor, and oiliness;
      some significant differences (P < 0.05) were detectable, but they were
      numerically small. Most consumers also selected lean chops from the retail case,
      with nearly 50% selecting chops with less than 1.7% extractable lipid. Warner
      Bratzler shear force was negatively related (P < 0.0001) to extractable lipid,
      with an R(2) value of 0.10. Results from the trained panel sensory analysis
      indicate that the percentage of extractable lipid did not correlate strongly with
      perceived tenderness, juiciness, or pork flavor for this group of pork loins that
      was controlled for genetics, pH, management, and day of slaughter.

PMID- 18156360
TI  - Milk yield of primiparous beef cows from three calving systems and varied weaning
      ages.
AB  - Primiparous beef cows produced in 3 calving systems were used in a 2-yr study
      with a completely random design to measure milk yield throughout a 190-d
      lactation (2002, n = 20; 2003, n = 24 per calving system). Calving occurred in
      late winter (average calving date = February 4 +/- 2 d), early spring (average
      calving date = March 30 +/- 2 d), and late spring (average calving date = May 26
      +/- 1 d). Additionally, cows used in this study had been weaned at varied ages as
      calves, creating 6 dam treatments. Dam age at weaning was 140 (late spring), 190
      (late winter, early spring, late spring), or 240 (late winter, early spring) d of
      age. Milk production was measured by using the weigh-suckle-weigh technique at an
      average of 20, 38, 55, 88, 125, 163, and 190 d in milk. Milk yield for the 190-d
      lactation period was calculated as area under the curve by trapezoidal summation.
      Data were analyzed with a model containing treatment, year, and their
      interaction. Orthogonal contrasts were used to separate effects when treatment
      was significant (P < 0.10). Total milk yield did not differ (P = 0.42) between
      cows in the late winter and early spring systems, but cows in the late spring
      system tended to differ (P = 0.09) from the average of the other 2 systems. Cows
      in the late spring calving system had increased milk yield in 2002 and lesser
      milk yield in 2003 compared with the other calving systems (treatment x year
      interaction, P < 0.001). Cows born in late spring that had been weaned at 140 d
      of age produced more (P = 0.05) total milk than those weaned at 190 d of age.
      Peak milk yield was affected (P < 0.001) by treatment and showed a treatment x
      year interaction (P = 0.006). Day of peak lactation differed among treatments (P
      = 0.002), with cows in the late winter system peaking later (P = 0.007) than
      early spring cows, and late spring cows peaking earlier (P = 0.004) than the
      average of late winter and early spring cows. The average date of peak lactation
      was May 4 for the late winter system, May 31 for the early spring system, and
      July 19 for the late spring system. Calf ADG differed (P < 0.001) for the late
      spring system compared with the average of the late winter and early spring
      systems, but the relationship interacted with year (P < 0.001). Cow BW and BW
      change differed among treatments (P < 0.004), with much of the difference
      associated with the amount of milk produced or the timing of peak lactation.
      Season of calving affects milk yield of primiparous cows grazing Northern Great
      Plains rangelands and ADG of their calves.

PMID- 18156361
TI  - BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: Use of distillers by-products in the beef cattle feeding
      industry.
AB  - The ethanol industry is expanding rapidly. This expansion in production of
      renewable energy also increases production of by-products. These byproducts,
      primarily distillers grains plus solubles (DGS), are utilized very efficiently by
      ruminants. When the starch in corn is fermented to produce ethanol, the remaining
      nutrients (protein, fat, fiber) are concentrated about 3-fold. Whereas DGS is an
      excellent protein source for ruminants, the large supply and the price relative
      to corn make DGS an attractive energy source as well. This is especially
      important with reduced availability and higher price of corn because of demand by
      the ethanol industry. A meta-analysis of 9 experiments, where various levels of
      wet DGS were fed to feedlot cattle, shows that wet DGS produced higher ADG and
      G:F compared with cattle fed corn-based diets without DGS. A similar analysis
      with dry DGS showed similar type of responses but with less apparent feeding
      value for dry DGS compared with wet DGS. Metabolism studies suggest the fat in
      DGS may be partially protected from ruminal degradation leading to greater
      proportion of unsaturated fatty acids at the duodenum and greater total tract fat
      digestibility. Both the fat and the undegradable protein in DGS appear to explain
      some but not all of the greater feeding value of DGS compared with corn. Lower
      quality roughages may be used in feedlot diets containing wet DGS because of the
      protein, moisture, and physical characteristics the DGS contains. The feeding
      value of DGS is greater than dry-rolled corn or high moisture corn; however, the
      feeding value of DGS appears to be less when fed in finishing diets based on
      steam-flaked corn than in those based on dry-rolled or high-moisture corn.

PMID- 18156362
TI  - Prolonged, moderate nutrient restriction in beef cattle results in persistently
      elevated circulating ghrelin concentrations.
AB  - Four ruminally cannulated steers (BW 581 +/- 12.8 kg) were used in a crossover
      design to determine the effects of prolonged, moderate nutrient restriction on
      plasma ghrelin concentrations and to establish the relationship of plasma ghrelin
      concentrations with hormones and metabolites indicative of nutritional status and
      end products of rumen fermentation. A high-grain diet was offered at 240% of the
      intake needed for BW maintenance (2.4xM) or 80% of the intake needed for BW
      maintenance (0.8xM). To standardize, all steers were acclimated to 2.4xM before
      initiation of the treatment periods. During period 1, 2 steers continued at
      2.4xM, whereas intake for the remaining 2 steers was restricted to 0.8xM. On d 7,
      14, and 21 after initiation of the restriction, serial blood samples were
      collected at 15-min intervals via indwelling jugular catheter and were assayed
      for ghrelin, GH, NEFA, insulin, and glucose concentrations. Rumen fluid was
      collected at hourly intervals for evaluation of pH and VFA concentrations. After
      period 1, steers were weighed, the treatments were switched between steer groups,
      and the intake amounts were recalculated. Intake of 2.4xM was established for
      previously restricted cattle, and period 2 was then conducted as described for
      period 1. Data were analyzed statistically as repeated measures in time, and
      stepwise regression was used to define the relationship of plasma ghrelin with
      hormones, metabolites, and end products of rumen fermentation. Throughout the 21
      d treatment period, plasma ghrelin concentrations were elevated (P <or= 0.001)
      for steers offered the 0.8xM diet. Plasma GH and NEFA concentrations were
      increased (P <or= 0.001) and insulin concentrations were decreased (P <or= 0.001)
      for steers offered 0.8xM, indicating a catabolic state throughout the treatment
      period. Stepwise regression indicated that the fluctuation in plasma ghrelin was
      correlated weakly with hormones and metabolites indicative of nutritional status
      as well as end products of carbohydrate fermentation in the rumen. These data are
      consistent with the hypothesis that plasma ghrelin concentrations are elevated
      for cattle experiencing prolonged, moderate nutrient restriction that results in
      a catabolic state. Fluctuations in plasma ghrelin concentrations, however, have a
      weak relationship with hormones, metabolites, and end products of rumen
      fermentation.

PMID- 18156363
TI  - Baggs ewes adapt to maternal undernutrition and maintain conceptus growth by
      maintaining fetal plasma concentrations of amino acids.
AB  - Adequate delivery of AA is essential for normal fetal growth and development.
      Recently, we reported that when ewes from the University of Wyoming flock (farm
      flock with adequate nutrition) were fed 50% (nutrient-restricted) or 100%
      (control-fed) of the NRC-recommended nutrient requirements between d 28 and 78 of
      gestation, fetal weights as well as concentrations of most AA in maternal and
      fetal blood were substantially reduced in nutrient-restricted vs. control-fed
      pregnancies. The current study utilized Baggs ewes, which were selected under a
      markedly different production system (range flock with limited nutrition), to
      test the hypothesis that adaptation of ewes to nutritional and environmental
      changes may alter placental efficiency and conceptus nutrient availability in the
      face of maternal nutrient restriction. Baggs ewes received 50 or 100% of the NRC
      nutrient requirements between d 28 and 78 of pregnancy. On d 78, maternal uterine
      arterial and fetal umbilical venous blood samples were obtained, and the ewes
      were euthanized. Amino acids and their metabolites (ammonia, urea, and
      polyamines) in plasma were analyzed using enzymatic and HPLC methods. The results
      showed that maternal plasma concentrations of 9 AA (Asp, Ile, Leu, Lys, Orn, Phe,
      Thr, Trp, and Val) as well as maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of ammonia
      and urea were reduced (P < 0.05) in nutrient-restricted compared with control-fed
      Baggs ewes. However, fetal plasma concentrations of all AA and polyamines did not
      differ (P = 0.842) between the 2 groups of ewes. Collectively, these findings
      suggest that Baggs ewes, by adapting to the harsh conditions and limited
      nutrition under which they were selected, were able to maintain fetal
      concentrations of AA in the face of a maternal nutrient restriction through
      augmenting placental efficiency.

PMID- 18156364
TI  - Effect of method of applying fibrolytic enzymes or ammonia to Bermudagrass hay on
      feed intake, digestion, and growth of beef steers.
AB  - This study examined how different methods of applying a fibrolytic enzyme or
      ammonia affect the nutritive value of Bermudagrass hay and the performance of
      beef cattle. Fifty Angus x Brangus crossbred steers (mean initial BW 244 +/- 26
      kg) were individually fed for ad libitum intake of a 5-wk regrowth of a mixture
      of Florakirk and Tifton 44 Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] hay for 84 d
      with a concentrate supplement (77% soybean hull pellets, 23% cottonseed meal (DM
      basis) fed at 1% of BW daily. The Bermudagrass was conserved as hay without
      treatment (control), with NH(3) (30 g/kg of DM), or with a fibrolytic enzyme
      (16.5 g/t, air-dry basis) that was applied immediately after cutting (Ec), at
      baling (Eb), or at feeding. Chromic oxide was dosed to steers for 10 consecutive
      days, and fecal Cr concentrations from the last 5 d were used to estimate
      apparent total tract digestibility. In situ ruminal DM degradability was measured
      by incubating ground (4-mm) hay samples in duplicate in each of 2 ruminally
      cannulated cows having ad libitum access to Bermudagrass hay and 500 g/d of
      soybean meal. Unlike the enzyme treatment, ammoniation increased (P < 0.001) the
      CP concentration and reduced (P < 0.001) NDF, hemicellulose, and lignin
      concentrations of hay. Total DMI was greater (P < 0.05) for steers fed hays
      treated with Ec or NH(3) than for those fed control hays. All additive treatments
      increased (P < 0.05) DM digestibility, and NH(3), Ec, and Eb treatments also
      increased (P < 0.01) NDF digestibility. The initial and final BW, ADG, BCS, G:F,
      and hip height of the steers were not affected (P > 0.05) by treatment. The wash
      loss fractions in hays treated with Ec and Eb were lower than that in the control
      hay, but the potentially degradable fraction, total degradable fraction, and the
      effective degradability were increased (P < 0.01) by NH(3) treatment. Application
      at cutting was the most promising method of enzyme treatment, and this treatment
      was almost as effective as ammonia for enhancing forage quality.

PMID- 18156365
TI  - P-glycoprotein: so many ways to turn it on.
AB  - Expression of the ABC transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp or ABCB1) is associated
      with resistance to chemotherapy in cancer. However, early investigations into the
      regulation of ABCB1 expression revealed that the process is not a classical
      induction as observed for certain metabolizing enzymes. The process involves the
      cellular stress response pathway initiated by either inflicted (e.g.,
      chemotherapy damage) or endogenous (e.g., hypoxia) factors. However, ABCB1 is
      also expressed in a number of noncancerous tissues. In particular, the protein is
      found at tissues providing a barrier or secretory function. The localization of
      ABCB1 in normal tissues will impact significantly on drug pharmacokinetics, in
      particular the absorption and elimination processes. This review also describes
      the mechanism underlying ABCB1 expression in noncancerous tissue, a process that
      does not involve the stress response.

PMID- 18156366
TI  - Amplified temperature dependence in ecosystems developing on the lava flows of
      Mauna Loa, Hawai'i.
AB  - Through its effect on individual metabolism, temperature drives biologically
      controlled fluxes and transformations of energy and materials in ecological
      systems. Because primary succession involves feedbacks among multiple biological
      and abiotic processes, we expected it to exhibit complex dynamics and unusual
      temperature dependence. We present a model based on first principles of chemical
      kinetics to explain how biologically mediated temperature dependence of
      "reactant" concentrations can inflate the effective temperature dependence of
      such processes. We then apply this model to test the hypothesis that the
      temperature dependence of early primary succession is amplified due to more rapid
      accumulation of reactants at higher temperatures. Using previously published data
      from the lava flows of Mauna Loa, HI, we show that rates of vegetation and soil
      accumulation as well as rates of community compositional change all display
      amplified temperature dependence (Q(10) values of approximately 7-50, compared
      with typical Q(10) values of 1.5-3 for the constituent biological processes).
      Additionally, in young ecosystems, resource concentrations increase with
      temperature, resulting in inflated temperature responses of biogeochemical
      fluxes. Mauna Loa's developing ecosystems exemplify how temperature-driven,
      biologically mediated gradients in resource availability can alter the effective
      temperature dependence of ecological processes. This mechanistic theory should
      contribute to understanding the complex effects of temperature on the structure
      and dynamics of ecological systems in a world where regional and global
      temperatures are changing rapidly.

PMID- 18156369
TI  - Congenital glaucoma surgery: a neglected field in ophthalmology?

PMID- 18156367
TI  - Mammalian acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase enzymes.
AB  - The mammalian RBC lacks de novo lipid synthesis but maintains its membrane
      composition by rapid turnover of acyl moieties at the sn-2 position of
      phospholipids. Plasma-derived fatty acids are esterified to acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA
      synthetases and transferred to lysophospholipids by acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid
      acyltransferases. We report the characterization of three lysophosphatidylcholine
      (lysoPC) acyltransferases (LPCATs), products of the AYTL1, -2, and -3 genes.
      These proteins are three members of a LPCAT family, of which all three genes are
      expressed in an erythroleukemic cell line. Aytl2 mRNA was detected in mouse
      reticulocytes, and the presence of the product of the human ortholog was
      confirmed in adult human RBCs. The three murine Aytl proteins generated
      phosphatidylcholine from long-chain acyl-CoA and lysoPC when expressed in
      Escherichia coli membranes. Spliced variants of Aytl1, affecting a conserved
      catalytic motif, were identified. Calcium and magnesium modulated LPCAT activity
      of both Aytl1 and -2 proteins that exhibit EF-hand motifs at the C terminus.
      Characterization of the product of the Aytl2 gene as the phosphatidylcholine
      reacylating enzyme in RBCs represents the identification of a plasma membrane
      lysophospholipid acyltransferase and establishes the function of a LPCAT protein.

PMID- 18156370
TI  - Pilocytic astrocytomas as hamartomas: implications for treatment.

PMID- 18156371
TI  - The efficacy and harm of prostaglandin analogues for IOP reduction in glaucoma
      patients compared to dorzolamide and brimonidine: a systematic review.
AB  - AIM: To systematically review the literature on the efficacy and harm of
      prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) compared to brimonidine and dorzolamide in
      treating elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: Keywords were searched in
      major literature databases to identify relevant randomised clinical trials (RCTs)
      of PGAs for ophthalmic use. The study quality of RCTs was assessed using the
      Jadad scale. Outcomes assessed included reduction in IOP in individual patients,
      adverse events (AEs) and withdrawals due to AEs. RESULTS: Eight unique RCTs
      evaluating a total of 1,722 individuals were included in this systematic review.
      Analysis did not show a significant reduction in the mean IOP from patients
      receiving latanoprost compared with those receiving brimonidine (WMD = -1.04; p =
      0.30). On the other hand, the latanoprost group showed a significant reduction in
      mean IOP compared to the dorzolamide group (WMD = -2.64; p<0.00001). The number
      of ocular AEs (excluding hyperaemia) was significantly higher in the brimonidine
      group compared with the latanoprost group (RR = 0.66; p = 0.0005). CONCLUSION:
      Latanoprost was found to be significantly superior to dorzolamide but not
      brimonidine. However, ocular adverse events were significantly fewer in
      latanoprost users than in brimonide users. Neither travoprost nor bimatoprost was
      compared to dorzolamide or brimonidine in the present literature.

PMID- 18156372
TI  - Two strategies for correcting refractive errors in school students in Tanzania:
      randomised comparison, with implications for screening programmes.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare whether free spectacles or only a prescription for spectacles
      influences wearing rates among Tanzanian students with un/undercorrected
      refractive error (RE). METHODS:  DESIGN: Cluster randomised trial. SETTING: 37
      secondary schools in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. PARTICIPANTS: Distance visual
      acuity was measured in 6,904 year-1 students (90.2% response rate; median age 14
      years; range 11-25 years) using a Snellen E-chart. 135 had RE requiring
      correction. INTERVENTIONS: Schools were randomly allocated to free spectacles
      (arm A) or prescription only (arm B). PRIMARY OUTCOME: Spectacle use at 3 months.
      RESULTS: The prevalence of un/undercorrected RE was 1.8% (95% CI: 1.5 to 2.2%).
      At 3 months, 27/58 (47%) students in arm A were wearing spectacles or had them at
      school compared with 13/50 (26%) in arm B (adjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 6.7).
      Free spectacles and myopia were independently associated with spectacle use.
      CONCLUSIONS: The low prevalence of un/undercorrected RE and poor uptake of
      spectacles, even when provided free, raises doubts about the value of vision
      screening programmes in Tanzanian secondary schools. Policy decisions on school
      vision screening in middle- and low-income countries should take account of the
      cost-effectiveness as well as competing demands for scarce resources.

PMID- 18156373
TI  - Incidence of occludable angles in a high-risk Mongolian population.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) accounts for nearly 50% of
      global glaucoma blindness. There are currently no public health strategies to
      deal with this problem. Screening and prophylactic treatment of primary angle
      closure suspects (PACS) with laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) may form a feasible
      population-level intervention. However, more information about the natural
      history of PACS is required before such an approach could be considered. METHODS:
      Six hundred and forty-four participants aged 50 years with a central anterior
      chamber depth (cACD) of <2.53 mm underwent a full slit-lamp examination in 1999.
      Of these, 160 participants diagnosed as having occludable angles by gonioscopy
      (ISGEO classification) were excluded from all further analysis, leaving 484 for
      follow-up. Six years later, 95/484 (19.6%) had died. A total of 201 of 389
      participants traced (51.7%) were re-examined. The potential risk factors for the
      development of an occludable angle were assessed using the chi squared test, t
      test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: At follow-up, 41 participants
      (20.4%, 95% CI: 14.8 to 25.7) were diagnosed as having incident PACS. Narrower
      angles, identified by grading of limbal chamber depth and gonioscopy at baseline,
      were strongly associated with incident occludable angles (p = 0.01 and p<0.01,
      respectively). There was weak evidence of an association with change in cACD (p =
      0.05), and no evidence of an association with age, gender, and baseline cACD for
      the development of occludable angles. CONCLUSIONS: Narrower angles as determined
      by limbal chamber depth grading and gonioscopy at baseline were the main risk
      factors identified for the development of occludable angles.

PMID- 18156374
TI  - Characterisation and management of vitreous and nerve amyloid in familial amyloid
      polyneuropathy due to variant transthyretin, Phe33Val.

PMID- 18156375
TI  - Long-term results of viscotrabeculotomy in congenital glaucoma: comparison to
      classical trabeculotomy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: To evaluate the outcomes of viscotrabeculotomy in patients with
      primary congenital glaucoma and to compare the success and complications rates
      with classical trabeculotomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who were selected
      for this study had all presented with primary congenital glaucoma before the age
      of 12 months, and they were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 58 eyes
      of 34 patients who underwent viscotrabeculotomy, and group 2 consisted of 51 eyes
      of 30 patients who underwent classical trabeculotomy. Pre-and postoperative
      intraocular pressures (IOPs), mean antiglaucoma medication, mean corneal
      diameter, success rates, intra-and postoperative complications were compared
      between two groups. RESULTS: Mean preoperative IOP was 30.6 (SD 5.7) mm Hg in
      group 1 and 29.9 (4.9) mm Hg in group 2. At the last visits, it was 16.2 (2.9) mm
      Hg and 17.3 (2.8) mm Hg, respectively (p<0.001). The mean number of antiglaucoma
      medications used after surgery was significantly lower in group 1 (p<0.05). At
      the last visits, the success rates of group 1 and group 2 were 91.3% and 68.6%,
      respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.02). The
      most common early postoperative complication was transient IOP elevation in group
      1 and hyphaema in group 2 (for each, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Use of viscoelastic
      materials during trabeculotomy may increase the success rate of the procedure by
      prevention of postoperative haemorrhage, adhesion of the incision lips or
      fibroblastic proliferation.

PMID- 18156376
TI  - Combined Pegaptanib sodium (Macugen) and photodynamic therapy in predominantly
      classic juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularisation in age related macular
      degeneration.
AB  - AIMS: This prospective, open label, non-comparative, observational case series
      evaluates 6-month results of Pegaptanib Sodium (Macugen) and Photodynamic Therapy
      (PDT) in predominantly classic juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) in
      age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in seven eyes of seven patients. RESULTS:
      Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) diminished with a mean of five letters.
      Initial area of CNV increased significantly from 1.4 mm2 to 2.7 mm2. There was a
      significant increase in the greatest linear dimension (GLD) from 1280.3 microm to
      2065.7 microm at the 24-week follow-up. CONCLUSION: Predominantly classic
      juxtafoveal CNVs are highly aggressive lesions that demonstrate poor response
      despite combined therapy using PDT and Macugen.

PMID- 18156377
TI  - Fluorophotometric measurement of the precorneal residence time of topically
      applied hyaluronic acid.
AB  - PURPOSE: This study was performed to separately assess the aqueous flow applied
      with hyaluronic acid, and the behaviour of hyaluronic acid itself on the ocular
      surface. METHODS: Two different fluorescent dyes, fluorescein sodium dissolved in
      0.1% hyaluronic acid (HA) solution and 0.1% fluorescein conjugated with
      hyaluronic acid (F-HA) dissolved in saline, were used. A volume of 20 mul of
      tested solution was applied to the eye of 10 healthy volunteers. Fluorescein
      sodium dissolved in saline served as a control. The fluorescent intensity of the
      precorneal tear film was measured at the central cornea every minute for 10 min.
      The turnover rate was calculated using the equation that plots fluorescent
      intensity against time in a semilog plot and expressed as %/min. RESULTS:
      Turnover rates of topically applied 0.1% F-HA, 0.1% HA and saline were 8.1 (SD
      3.6)%/min, 21.6 (2.8)%/min, and 31.0 (3.7)%/min, respectively. The turnover rate
      of F-HA was significantly lower than those of HA and saline (p = 0.00012 and p =
      0.00000022, respectively; Mann-Whitney test). The turnover rate of HA was
      significantly lower than that of saline (p = 0.00001; Mann-Whitney test).
      CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the bulk aqueous flow applied with HA and
      the turnover of HA itself are different. HA molecules may adhere to the ocular
      surface by surface-chemical and/or biochemical properties. The long retention
      time of HA on the ocular surface may explain the mechanism in which hyaluronic
      acid has been shown to enhance tear film stability for a few hours.

PMID- 18156378
TI  - Differences in meibomian fatty acid composition in patients with meibomian gland
      dysfunction and aqueous-deficient dry eye.
AB  - AIMS: To evaluate the differences in meibomian fatty acid composition in healthy
      subjects and in patients suffering from meibomian gland dysfunction or aqueous
      deficient dry eye. METHODS: We collected meibomian oil using a sterile Schirmer
      paper in healthy individuals (n = 20), dry eye patients (aqueous-deficient) (n =
      32) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) patients (n = 25) after gentle massage
      of the lid margin. Meibomian fatty acids were directly transmethylated and
      analysed using gas chromatography (GC) and GC mass spectrometry. RESULTS:
      Meibomian fatty acids were similar in healthy individuals and in dry eye patients
      but were different in MGD patients, who showed significantly higher levels of
      branched-chain fatty acids (29.8% vs 20.2%) (p<0.0001) and lower levels of
      saturated fatty acids (9.3 vs 24.6%) (p<0.0001), in particular lower levels of
      palmitic (C16) and stearic (C18) acids. CONCLUSION: The increase in branched
      chain fatty acids may reflect greater quantities of wax and cholesterol esters
      and triglycerides in meibomian gland excreta. Since wax and cholesterol esters
      are the main lipids of meibum, these differences may have physical consequences
      for tear-film lipid-layer fluidity and stability. Meibomian fatty acid
      composition and particularly the increase in branched chains could be a marker
      for meibomian gland dysfunction.

PMID- 18156379
TI  - Polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in Graves ophthalmopathy.
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Glucocorticoids have an important role in the regulation of the
      immune system, and alterations in glucocorticoid signaling may have an impact on
      the pathophysiology of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Because
      polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene, including the N363S,
      ER22/23EK, A3669G and BclI variants were found to influence glucocorticoid
      signalling, we examined whether these polymorphisms could be associated with the
      development or clinical manifestations of Graves ophthalmopathy (GO). METHODS:
      The carrier and allelic frequencies of the N363S, ER22/23EK, A3669G, and BclI
      polymorphisms of the GR were determined in 95 Hungarian outpatients with GO and
      160 healthy controls. RESULTS: No significant changes were found in carrier
      frequencies of the four polymorphisms between GO patients and healthy controls.
      However, when GO patients were divided into two subgroups (American Thyroid
      Association Committee, ATA I-II vs ATA III or greater), the frequency of the
      polymorphic BclI allele was significantly higher in patients with ATA I-II
      compared with those with ATA III or more (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: The significant
      association between the frequency of the polymorphic BclI allele and ATA stage
      distribution suggests that this polymorphism of the GR gene may affect clinical
      manifestations of GO, presumably due to an increased signaling of endogenous
      glucocorticoids.

PMID- 18156381
TI  - Half-top-hat--a new wound configuration for penetrating keratoplasty.
AB  - AIMS: To describe a new, simpler method of achieving the advantages of a lamellar
      wound configuration in penetrating keratoplasty (PKP)--the half-top-hat (HTH)
      configuration. METHODS: The donor corneal button was prepared in a top-hat
      configuration, as previously described. It consisted of a central, full-thickness
      part, 7-8 mm in diameter, surrounded by a peripheral lamellar wing of deep stroma
      and endothelium that was 0.5 mm in width (wing diameter 8-9 mm). The recipient
      bed was prepared by a straight full thickness trephination with a suction
      trephine. The donor button was positioned by sliding the peripheral wing under
      the recipient bed. Sixteen 10-0 interrupted sutures and a single continuous 16
      bite 11-0 nylon sutures were placed. The interrupted sutures were passed so as to
      go through the wing, in order to ensure a good apposition of the wing to the
      inner corneal surface of the recipient. Anterior segment optical coherence
      tomography (Visante OCT) was used to image the position and alignment of the
      corneal graft postoperatively. RESULTS: Ten eyes of 10 patients (mean (SD) age:
      73.7 (11.4) years, 7 females) underwent HTH PKP. The donor lenticule diameter was
      7.7 (0.3) mm (wing diameter 8.7 (0.3) mm). The mean follow-up time was 2.4 (0.7)
      months. The last median visual acuity was 20/200 (range 20/80-counting fingers),
      and the last IOP was 18.2 (8.8) mm Hg. No major intraoperative complications were
      noted. No postoperative events of graft rejection were documented. No anterior
      surface misalignment was noted either clinically or by OCT. One patient had a
      rise in IOP postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Half-top-hat wound configuration is a
      valid alternative in penetrating keratoplasty. Its advantages include better
      apposition of donor and recipient corneas, improved tectonic strength to prevent
      graft dehiscence, the possibility of early sutures removal and being a simpler
      procedure to perform.

PMID- 18156382
TI  - Vasocentric fascicular uveal melanoma. Incidence and re-appraisal of the
      histological features.

PMID- 18156383
TI  - Anterior scleritis as the presenting sign of metastatic lung cancer.

PMID- 18156384
TI  - Patient use of Visine (tetrahydrozoline) masks Horner syndrome.

PMID- 18156385
TI  - Cocaine-induced chorioretinal infarction.

PMID- 18156386
TI  - The incidence of Purtscher retinopathy in acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 18156387
TI  - Resolution of conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma after institution of highly active
      antiretroviral therapy alone.

PMID- 18156388
TI  - Intracranial hypotension and abducens palsy following upper spinal manipulation.

PMID- 18156389
TI  - Clinical studies: visual acuities beyond Snellen.

PMID- 18156390
TI  - Unremitting sympathetic ophthalmia associated with homozygous interleukin-10
      1082A single nucleotide polymorphism.

PMID- 18156391
TI  - Choroidal metastasis from gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a case report.

PMID- 18156392
TI  - Impression cytology: implications for ocular surface squamous neoplasia.

PMID- 18156393
TI  - Expression of p27(KIP1) and cyclin D1, and cell proliferation in human pterygium.

PMID- 18156395
TI  - Bioactive food components that enhance gammadelta T cell function may play a role
      in cancer prevention.
AB  - Gammadelta T cells are found largely within the epithelium and recognize antigens
      differently than their alphabeta T cell counterparts. TCR delta-/- knock out mice
      exhibit a rapid tumor onset, along with increased tumor incidence. Although
      limited, research demonstrates that nutrients and bioactive food components can
      influence gammadelta T cell cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, and proliferative
      capacity, and the results are nonetheless intriguing. Among other functions,
      gammadelta T cells play a role in immunosurveillance against malignant cells, as
      shown by the T cell receptor (TCR)delta-/- knock out mice that exhibit a rapid
      tumor onset and increased tumor incidence. Some common dietary modifiers of
      gammadelta T cell numbers or activity are apple condensed tannins, dietary
      nucleotides, fatty acids, and dietary alkylamines. A recent clinical study
      demonstrated that ingesting a fruit and vegetable juice concentrate increased the
      number of circulating gammadelta T cells. Clinical studies also document that the
      oral consumption of a tea component, L-theanine, enhances gammadelta T cell
      proliferation and interferon-gamma secretion. The significance of these studies
      awaits additional examination of the influence of exposures and duration on these
      and other food components. Adoptive transfer and TCRdelta-/- knock out mice
      models should be used more extensively to determine the physiological impact of
      the number and activity of these cells as a function of dietary component
      exposures. While clarifying the diet and gammadelta T interrelationship may not
      be simple, the societal implications are enormous.

PMID- 18156396
TI  - Modified MyPyramid for Older Adults.
AB  - In 1999 we proposed a Modified Food Guide Pyramid for adults aged 70+ y. It has
      been extensively used in a variety of settings and formats to highlight the
      unique dietary challenges of older adults. We now propose a Modified MyPyramid
      for Older Adults in a format consistent with the MyPyramid graphic. It is not
      intended to substitute for MyPyramid, which is a multifunctional Internet-based
      program allowing for the calculation of individualized food-based dietary
      guidance and providing supplemental information on food choices and preparation.
      Pedagogic issues related to computer availability, Web access, and Internet
      literacy of older adults suggests a graphic version of MyPyramid is needed.
      Emphasized are whole grains and variety within the grains group; variety and
      nutrient density, with specific emphasis on different forms particularly suited
      to older adults' needs (e.g. frozen) in the vegetables and fruits groups; low-fat
      and non-fat forms of dairy products including reduced lactose alternatives in the
      milk group; low saturated fat and trans fat choices in the oils group; and low
      saturated fat and vegetable choices in the meat and beans group. Underlying
      themes stress nutrient- and fiber-rich foods within each group and food sources
      of nutrients rather than supplements. Fluid and physical activity icons serve as
      the foundation of MyPyramid for Older Adults. A flag to maintain an awareness of
      the potential need to consider supplemental forms of calcium, and vitamins D and
      B-12 is placed at the top of the pyramid. Discussed are newer concerns about
      potential overnutrition in the current food landscape available to older adults.

PMID- 18156397
TI  - Conjugated linoleic acid suppresses myogenic gene expression in a model of human
      muscle cell inflammation.
AB  - Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, contribute
      to muscle wasting in inflammatory disorders, where TNFalpha acts to regulate
      myogenic genes. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has shown promise as an
      antiproliferative and antiinflammatory agent, leading to its potential as a
      therapeutic agent in muscle-wasting disorders. To evaluate the effect of CLA on
      myogenesis during inflammation, human primary muscle cells were grown in culture
      and exposed to varying concentrations of TNFalpha and the cis-9, trans-11 and
      trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers. Expression of myogenic genes (Myf5, MyoD, myogenin,
      and myostatin) and the functional genes creatine kinase (CK) and myosin heavy
      chain (MHC IIx) were measured by real-time PCR. TNFalpha significantly
      downregulated MyoD and myogenin expression, whereas it increased Myf5 expression.
      These changes corresponded with a decrease in both CK and MHC IIx expression.
      Both isomers of CLA mimicked the inhibitory effect of TNFalpha treatment on MyoD
      and myogenin expression, whereas myostatin expression was diminished in the
      presence of both isomers of CLA either alone or in combination with TNFalpha.
      Both isomers of CLA decreased CK and MHC IIx expression. These findings
      demonstrate that TNFalpha can have specific regulatory effects on myogenic genes
      in primary human muscle cells. A postulated antiinflammatory role of CLA in
      myogenesis appears more complex, with an indication that CLA may have a negative
      effect on this process.

PMID- 18156398
TI  - 3,3'-Diindolylmethane suppresses the inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide
      in murine macrophages.
AB  - 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a major acid-condensation product of indole-3
      carbinol, has been shown to have multiple anticancer effects in experimental
      models. Because recurrent or chronic inflammation has been implicated in the
      development of a variety of human cancers, this study examined the
      antiinflammatory effects of DIM and the underlying mechanisms using
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. DIM
      significantly decreased the release of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG)E2,
      tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1beta by RAW264.7 cells
      treated with LPS. DIM inhibited LPS-induced increases in protein levels of
      inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which were accompanied by decreased iNOS mRNA
      levels and transcriptional activity. The mRNA levels of phospholipase A2
      decreased, whereas neither cyclooxygenases-2 protein nor transcript was altered
      by DIM. In addition, DIM suppressed LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)
      transcriptional activity, NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity, translocation of p65
      (RelA) to the nucleus, and degradation of inhibitor of kappaB alpha. Furthermore,
      DIM decreased LPS-induced transcriptional activity of activator protein (AP)-1,
      AP-1 DNA-binding activity, and phosphorylation of stress-activated protein
      kinase/Jun-N-terminal kinase and c-Jun. We demonstrate that DIM inhibits LPS
      induced release of proinflammatory mediators in murine macrophages.
      Downregulation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 signaling may be one of the mechanisms by
      which DIM inhibits inflammatory responses.

PMID- 18156399
TI  - Arginine activates intestinal p70(S6k) and protein synthesis in piglet rotavirus
      enteritis.
AB  - We previously showed that phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase (p70(S6k)) in the
      intestine is increased during viral enteritis. In this study, we hypothesized
      that during rotavirus infection, oral Arg, which stimulates p70(S6k) activation,
      will further stimulate intestinal protein synthesis and mucosal recovery, whereas
      the p70(S6k) inhibitor rapamycin (Rapa) will inhibit mucosal recovery. Newborn
      piglets were fed a standard milk replacer diet supplemented with Arg (0.4 g x kg(
      1) x d(-1), twice daily by gavage), Rapa (2 mg x m(-2) x d(-1)), Arg + Rapa, or
      saline (controls). They were infected on d 6 of life with porcine rotavirus.
      Three days postinoculation, we measured the piglets' body weight, fecal rotavirus
      excretion, villus-crypt morphology, epithelial electrical resistance in Ussing
      chambers, and p70(S6k) activation by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
      We previously showed a 2-fold increase in jejunal protein synthesis during
      rotavirus diarrhea. In this experiment, Arg stimulated jejunal protein synthesis
      1.3-fold above standard medium, and the Arg stimulation was partially inhibited
      by Rapa. Small bowel stimulation of p70(S6k) phosphorylation and p70(S6k) levels
      were inhibited >80% by Rapa. Immunohistochemistry revealed a major increase of
      p70(S6k) and ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation in the crypt and lower villus
      of the infected piglets. However, in Arg-treated piglets, p70(S6k) activation
      occurred over the entire villus. Jejunal villi of the Rapa-treated group showed
      inactivation of p70(S6k) and a decrease in mucosal resistance (reflecting
      increased permeability), the latter of which was reversed by Arg. We conclude
      that, early in rotavirus enteritis, Arg has no impact on diarrhea but augments
      intestinal protein synthesis in part by p70(S6k) stimulation, while improving
      intestinal permeability via a mammalian target of rapamycin/p70(S6k)-independent
      mechanism.

PMID- 18156400
TI  - Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation decreases remnant-like particle-cholesterol
      and increases the (n-3) index in hypertriglyceridemic men.
AB  - Plasma remnant-like particle-cholesterol (RLP-C) and the RBC (n-3) index are
      novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Effects of docosahexaenoic acid
      (DHA) supplementation on these risk factors in hypertriglyceridemic men have not
      been studied. We determined effects of DHA supplementation on concentrations of
      plasma RLP-C, the RBC (n-3) index, and associations between concentrations of
      plasma RLP-C with those of plasma lipids and fatty acids. Hypertriglyceridemic
      men aged 39-66 y, participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel
      study. They received no supplements for 8 d and then received either 7.5 g/d DHA
      oil (3 g DHA/d) or olive oil (placebo) for the last 90 d. Fasting blood samples
      were collected on study d -7, 0 (baseline), 45 (mid-intervention), 84, and 91
      (end-intervention). DHA supplementation for 45 d decreased (P < 0.05) fasting RLP
      C (36%) and increased plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA):arachidonic acid (AA)
      (100%) and the RBC (n-3) index (109%). Continued supplementation with DHA between
      d 45 and 91 further increased the RBC (n-3) index (162%) and plasma EPA:AA (137%)
      compared with baseline values. RLP-C concentration was positively associated (P <
      0.01) with the plasma concentrations of triacylglycerols (Kendall's correlation
      coefficient or r = 0.46), triacylglycerol:HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (r = 0.44),
      total cholesterol:HDL-C (r = 0.26), Apo B (r = 0.22), C III (r = 0.41), and E (r
      = 0.17), and 18:1(n-9) (r = 0.32); it was negatively associated (P < 0.05) with
      plasma concentrations of DHA (r = -0.32), EPA (r = -0.25), HDL-C (r = -0.21), LDL
      cholesterol:Apo B (r = -0.30), and HDL-C:Apo A (r = -0.25). Supplementation with
      placebo oil did not alter any of the response variables tested. Decreased
      atherogenic RLP-C and increased cardio-protective (n-3) index may improve cardio
      vascular health.

PMID- 18156401
TI  - Administration of minor polar compound-enriched extra virgin olive oil decreases
      platelet aggregation and the plasma concentration of reduced homocysteine in
      rats.
AB  - We investigated the effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on platelet
      aggregation and plasma concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy) redox forms in rats
      in relation to the minor polar compound (MPC) concentration of EVOO. We used 3
      olive oil samples with similar fatty acid but different MPC concentrations:
      refined olive oil (RF) with traces of MPC (control oil), native EVOO with low MPC
      concentration (LC), and EVOO with high MPC concentration (HC) enriching LC with
      its own MPC. Oil samples were administered to rats by gavage (1.25 mL/kg body
      weight) using 2 experimental designs: acute (24-h food deprivation and killed 1 h
      after EVOO administration) and subacute (12-d treatment, a daily dose of oil for
      12 d, and killed after 24 h of food deprivation). Platelet aggregation was
      induced by ADP (ex vivo tests) and a reduction in platelet reactivity occurred in
      cells from rats given LC in the subacute study and in cells from rats
      administered HC in both studies as indicated by an increase in the agonist half
      maximal effective concentration. HC inhibited platelet aggregation induced by low
      ADP doses (reversible aggregation) in cells of rats in both the acute and
      subacute studies, whereas LC had this effect only in the subacute experiment.
      Moreover, in rats administered HC in both experiments, the plasma concentration
      of free reduced Hcy (rHcy) was lower and Hcy bound to protein by disulfide bonds
      (bHcy) was greater than in RF-treated rats. bHcy was also greater in rats given
      LC than in RF-treated rats in the subacute experiment. Plasma free-oxidized Hcy
      was greater in rats given LC and HC than in those administered RF only in the
      subacute experiment. In conclusion, these results show that MPC in EVOO inhibit
      platelet aggregation and reduce the plasma rHcy concentration, effects that may
      be associated with cardiovascular protection.

PMID- 18156402
TI  - Inhibition of cell cycle progression by hydroxytyrosol is associated with
      upregulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitors p21(WAF1/Cip1) and
      p27(Kip1) and with induction of differentiation in HL60 cells.
AB  - Recent evidence indicates that the cancer preventive activity of olive oil can be
      mediated by the presence of minor components, such as antioxidant phenolic
      compounds. However, their mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. In this
      study, we investigated the in vitro effects of one of the main olive oil phenols,
      hydroxytyrosol [3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (3,4-DHPEA)], on proliferation, cell
      cycle progression, apoptosis, and differentiation of HL60 human promyelocytic
      leukemia cells. 3,4-DHPEA showed a potent inhibitory activity on DNA synthesis,
      as evidenced by a 92% reduction of [3H]-thymidine incorporation at 100
      micromol/L, and an induced apoptosis, as evidenced by the release of cytosolic
      nucleosomes and flow cytometry. This phenol, 3,4-DHPEA, was also able to inhibit
      the progression of the cell cycle in synchronized HL60 cells, which accumulated
      in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle after 25 h of treatment. Furthermore, 3,4
      DHPEA induced differentiation on HL60 cells with a maximum effect (22% of cells)
      at 100 micromol/L after 72 h of treatment. Among the different proteins involved
      in the regulation of the cell cycle, 3,4-DHPEA reduced the level of cyclin
      dependent kinase (CDK) 6 and increased that of cyclin D3. With regard to the CDK
      inhibitors, p15 was not altered by 3,4-DHPEA treatment, whereas the expression of
      p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p27(Kip1) was increased at both protein and mRNA levels. To
      our knowledge, these results provide the first evidence that 3,4-DHPEA may effect
      the expression of genes involved in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation
      and differentiation.

PMID- 18156403
TI  - Lycopene inhibits disease progression in patients with benign prostate
      hyperplasia.
AB  - Lycopene is a promising nutritional component for chemoprevention of prostate
      cancer (PCa). A possibly beneficial role of lycopene in patients diagnosed with
      benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), who are at increased risk of developing PCa,
      has been suggested, although clinical data are lacking. Therefore, this pilot
      study aimed to investigate the effects of lycopene supplementation in elderly men
      diagnosed with BPH. A total of 40 patients with histologically proven BPH free of
      PCa were randomized to receive either lycopene at a dose of 15 mg/d or placebo
      for 6 mo. The effects of the intervention on carotenoid status, clinical
      diagnostic markers of prostate proliferation, and symptoms of the disease were
      assessed. The primary endpoint of the study was the inhibition or reduction of
      increased serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The 6-mo lycopene
      supplementation decreased PSA levels in men (P < 0.05), whereas there was no
      change in the placebo group. The plasma lycopene concentration increased in the
      group taking lycopene (P < 0.0001) but other plasma carotenoids were not
      affected. Whereas progression of prostate enlargement occurred in the placebo
      group as assessed by trans-rectal ultrasonography (P < 0.05) and digital rectal
      examination (P < 0.01), the prostate did not enlarge in the lycopene group.
      Symptoms of the disease, as assessed via the International Prostate Symptom Score
      questionnaire, were improved in both groups with a significantly greater effect
      in men taking lycopene supplements. In conclusion, lycopene inhibited progression
      of BPH.

PMID- 18156404
TI  - A nutritional intervention promoting a Mediterranean food pattern does not affect
      total daily dietary cost in North American women in free-living conditions.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of adopting a Mediterranean
      diet on dietary cost and energy density in free-living conditions. The 12-wk
      nutritional intervention consisted of 2 group courses and 7 individual sessions
      with a dietician in a sample of 73 healthy women. To evaluate the dietary
      response to the nutritional intervention, a registered dietician administered a
      FFQ at 0, 6, 12, and 24 wk. Total daily dietary cost was calculated using a price
      list including all items from the FFQ. Our findings indicated that daily energy
      cost evaluated at wk 12 vs. wk 0 [1046 +/- 217 vs. 967 +/- 192 kJ/Canadian
      dollars (CAN$), respectively, P = 0.18] and total daily dietary cost (8.61 +/-
      2.13 vs. 8.75 +/- 2.50 CAN$/d per participant, respectively, P = 0.58) did not
      change. Total daily energy density at wk 12 decreased compared with wk 0 (2.56 +/
      0.76 vs. 2.20 +/- 0.67 kJ/g; P < 0.0001). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet
      led to increased cost related to vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts and seeds,
      canola/olive oil, whole grains, poultry, and fish (P < or = 0.01) and to reduced
      dietary cost for red meat, refined grains, desserts and sweets, and fast food (P
      < or = 0.008). In conclusion, these data suggest that adherence to a nutritional
      intervention program promoting the Mediterranean food pattern is not associated
      with increased daily dietary cost or energy cost but led to a reduction in energy
      density. Consequently, increased cost should not be considered a barrier to the
      promotion and adoption of a Mediterranean diet.

PMID- 18156405
TI  - Intrauterine growth restriction affects the proteomes of the small intestine,
      liver, and skeletal muscle in newborn pigs.
AB  - Efficiency of nutrient utilization is high in neonates with normal birth weights
      but is reduced in those with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). However, the
      underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study was conducted with the
      piglet model and proteomics technology to test the hypothesis that IUGR affects
      expression of key proteins that regulate growth and development of the small
      intestine, liver, and muscle, the major organs involved in the digestion,
      absorption, and metabolism of dietary nutrients. Jejunum, liver, and
      gastrocnemius muscle were obtained from IUGR and normal birth-weight piglets at
      birth for analysis of proteomes using the 2-dimensional-PAGE MS technology. The
      results indicate that IUGR decreased the levels of proteins that regulate immune
      function (immunoglobulins and annexin A1), oxidative defense (peroxiredoxin 1,
      transferrin, and zeta-crystallin), intermediary metabolism (creatine kinase,
      alcohol dehydrogenase, L-lactate dehydrogenase, prostaglandin F synthase,
      apolipoprotein AI, catecho O-methyltransferase, and phosphoglycerate kinase 1),
      protein synthesis (eukaryotic translation initiation factor-3), and tissue growth
      (beta-actin, desmin, and keratin 10) in a tissue-specific manner. In addition,
      IUGR increased the levels of proteins that are involved in proteolysis
      (proteasome alpha-5 and alpha-1 subunits), response to oxidative stress
      (scavenger-receptor protein and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein), and ATP hydrolysis
      (F1-ATPase). These novel findings suggest that cellular signaling defects, redox
      imbalance, reduced protein synthesis, and enhanced proteolysis may be the major
      mechanisms responsible for abnormal absorption and metabolism of nutrients, as
      well as reduced growth and impaired development of the small intestine, liver,
      and muscle in IUGR neonates.

PMID- 18156406
TI  - Folate intake at RDA levels is inadequate for Mexican American men with the
      methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677TT genotype.
AB  - Since the establishment of the 1998 folate recommended dietary allowance (RDA),
      the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C-->T variant has emerged as a
      strong modifier of folate status. This controlled feeding study investigated the
      adequacy of the RDA, 400 microg/d as dietary folate equivalents (DFE), for
      Mexican American men with the MTHFR 677CC or TT genotype. Because of the
      interdependency between folate and choline, the influence of choline intake on
      folate status was also assessed. Mexican American men (n = 60; 18-55 y) with the
      MTHFR 677CC (n = 31) or TT (n = 29) genotype consumed 438 microg DFE/d and total
      choline intakes of 300, 550 (choline adequate intake), 1100, or 2200 mg/d for 12
      wk. Folate status response was assessed via serum folate (SF), RBC folate, plasma
      total homocysteine (tHcy), and urinary folate. SF decreased (P < 0.001) 66% to
      7.9 +/- 0.7 nmol/L (means +/- SEM) in men with the 677TT genotype and 62% to 11.3
      +/- 0.9 nmol/L in the 677CC genotype. Plasma tHcy increased (P < 0.0001) 170% to
      31 +/- 3 micromol/L in men with the 677TT genotype and 18% to 11.6 +/- 0.3
      micromol/L in the 677CC genotype. At the end of the study, 34% (677TT) and 16%
      (677CC) had SF concentrations <6.8 nmol/L and 79% (677TT) and 7% (677CC) had tHcy
      concentrations >14 micromol/L. Choline intake did not influence the response of
      the measured variables. These data showed that the folate RDA is not adequate for
      men of Mexican descent, particularly for those with the MTHFR 677TT genotype, and
      demonstrated a lack of influence of choline intake on the folate status variables
      measured in this study.

PMID- 18156407
TI  - Maternal dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids modifies the relationship
      between lead levels in bone and breast milk.
AB  - Whereas dietary fats are known to influence bone mineral density, little is known
      about their effect on the skeletal stores of lead that are a pervasive source of
      fetal and infant lead exposure from heightened mobilization during pregnancy and
      lactation. This cross-sectional study examined the potential influence of
      maternal dietary intake of saturated and unsaturated fats on the relationship of
      lead levels in bone and breast milk during lactation. Lead was measured in blood,
      breast milk, and bone (patella and tibia) at 1 mo postpartum in 310 women in
      Mexico City. Dietary nutrient intake was assessed using a validated FFQ.
      Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to study the influence of
      dietary saturated and unsaturated fats on the association between bone and breast
      milk lead. In multivariate models that included both the dietary intake of SFA
      and PUFA, an interquartile range increase in patella lead [approximately 20
      microg/g (0.097 micromol/g)] was associated with a 24% (95% CI = 5-43) higher
      increase in breast milk lead in women in the lowest tertile of PUFA intake
      compared with those in the highest tertile of PUFA intake. Monounsaturated fatty
      acids did not modify the relationship between lead levels in patella and breast
      milk. In conclusion, higher maternal dietary intake of PUFA may limit the
      transfer of lead from bone to breast milk.

PMID- 18156408
TI  - A positive association of lumbar spine bone mineral density with dietary protein
      is suppressed by a negative association with protein sulfur.
AB  - Dietary protein is theorized to hold both anabolic effects on bone and
      demineralizing effects mediated by the diet acid load of sulfate derived from
      methionine and cysteine. The relative importance of these effects is unknown but
      relevant to osteoporosis prevention. Postmenopausal women (n = 161, 67.9 +/- 6.0
      y) were assessed for areal bone mineral density (aBMD) of lumbar spine (LS) and
      total hip (TH) using dual X-ray absorptiometry, and dietary intakes of protein,
      sulfur-containing amino acids, and minerals using a USDA multiple-pass 24-h
      recall. The acidifying influence of the diet was estimated using the ratio of
      protein:potassium intake, the potential renal acid load (PRAL), and intake of
      sulfate equivalents from protein. aBMD was regressed onto protein intake then
      protein was controlled for estimated dietary acid load. A step-down procedure
      assessed potential confounding influences (weight, age, physical activity, and
      calcium and vitamin D intakes). Protein alone did not predict LS aBMD (P = 0.81);
      however, after accounting for a negative effect of sulfate (beta = -0.28; P <
      0.01), the direct effect of protein intake was positive (beta = 0.22; P = 0.04).
      At the TH, protein intake predicted aBMD (beta = 0.18; P = 0.03), but R2 did not
      improve with adjustment for sulfate (P = 0.83). PRAL and the protein:potassium
      ratio were not significant predictors of aBMD. Results suggest that protein
      intake is positively associated with aBMD, but benefit at the LS is offset by a
      negative impact of the protein sulfur acid load. If validated experimentally,
      these findings harmonize conflicting theories on the role of dietary protein in
      bone health.

PMID- 18156409
TI  - An index of diet and eating patterns is a valid measure of diet quality in an
      Australian population.
AB  - Diet indices represent an integrated approach to assessing eating patterns and
      behaviors. The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive food-based
      dietary index to reflect adherence to healthy eating recommendations, evaluate
      the construct validity of the index using nutrient intakes, and evaluate this
      index in relation to sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, risk factors,
      and self-assessed health status. Data were analyzed from adult participants of
      the Australian National Nutrition Survey who completed a 108-item FFQ and a food
      habits questionnaire (n = 8220). The dietary guideline index (DGI) consisted of
      15 items reflecting the dietary guidelines, including dietary indicators of
      vegetables and legumes, fruit, total cereals, meat and alternatives, total dairy,
      beverages, sodium, saturated fat, alcoholic beverages, and added sugars. Diet
      quality was incorporated using indicators relating to whole-grain cereals, lean
      meat, reduced/low fat dairy, and dietary variety. We investigated associations
      between the DGI score, sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, chronic
      disease risk factors, and nutrient intakes. We found associations between the DGI
      scores and sex, age, income, area-level socioeconomic disadvantage, smoking,
      physical activity, waist:hip ratio, systolic blood pressure (males only), and
      self-assessed health status (females only) (all P < 0.05). Higher DGI scores were
      associated with lower intakes of energy, total fat, and saturated fat and higher
      intakes of fiber, beta-carotene, vitamin C, folate, calcium, and iron (P < 0.05).
      This food-based dietary index is able to discriminate across a variety of
      sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and self-assessed health and reflects
      intakes of key nutrients.

PMID- 18156410
TI  - Tracking of dietary intake patterns is associated with baseline characteristics
      of urban low-income African-American adolescents.
AB  - Young peoples' dietary habits may persist over time. However, few studies have
      examined the dynamic patterns in urban low-income African-American adolescents'
      intakes. This study examined these dynamic patterns and their predictors and
      explored the association between the patterns and BMI over time. Dietary data
      were collected from 181 low-income African-American adolescents using a 152-item
      FFQ at baseline and 1-y follow-up. High intakes and high BMI were defined as the
      top quartile and high-fat intake as >35% of energy from fat. Multinomial logistic
      regression models were fit to study the association between study variables.
      Correlation coefficients (0.4 < r < 0.6; P < 0.05) between participants' intakes
      at baseline and at 1-y follow-up suggested tracking, particularly intakes of
      energy, fat, fiber, calcium, vegetables and fruits, fried food, and snack food.
      However, the tracking of percentage of energy from fat and sugar-sweetened
      beverages was weak (0.2 < or = r < 0.3; P < 0.01). Proportion of agreement (>30%)
      and k-values (>0.2) also indicated tracking. Adjustment for tracking of energy
      changed little the observed tracking for other micronutrients and food groups.
      Factor analysis showed moderate tracking in a Western diet pattern (r = 0.47; P <
      0.001) but was weaker in 2 healthier diet patterns (r = 0.31-0.36; P < 0.001).
      Age, gender, physical activity, and BMI predicted dietary changes (P < 0.05).
      Adolescents who tracked high intakes of energy, fiber, fried food, and snacks
      were less likely to track high BMI. Decreased energy and snack intakes were
      negatively related to tracking of high BMI. Overall, urban low-income African
      American adolescents tracked their dietary patterns over time. The tracking was
      affected by baseline characteristics.

PMID- 18156411
TI  - Dietary and physical activity patterns in French children are related to
      overweight and socioeconomic status.
AB  - Sedentary behavior (SED) has already been identified as a risk factor of
      childhood overweight (OW) but less is known about the dietary patterns related to
      adiposity. Our objective was to investigate if lifestyle patterns combining
      overall diet and physical activity were associated with childhood OW and if they
      were involved in the reverse association between socioeconomic status (SES) and
      OW. Dietary intake was assessed using a 7-d food record in 748 French children
      aged 3-11 y from the 1998-1999 cross-sectional French Enquete Individuelle et
      Nationale sur les Consommations Alimentaires national food consumption survey.
      Weight and height, leisure time physical activity, SED (television viewing), and
      SES were reported by parents or children by answering questionnaires. Scores for
      lifestyle patterns were assessed with factor analysis and their relationship with
      OW was explored by logistic regression analysis. Two similar lifestyle patterns
      were identified in children aged 3-6 y and 7-11 y: "snacking and sedentary" and
      "varied food and physically active." The snacking and sedentary pattern was
      positively associated with OW in the youngest children (P-trend = 0.0161) and
      partly mediated the negative association of SES to OW. The varied food and
      physically active pattern was inversely correlated with OW in the eldest children
      only (P-trend = 0.0401). A third pattern called "big eaters at main meals" was
      derived in children aged 7-11 y and was positively correlated with OW (P-trend =
      0.0165). From a public health perspective, the combinations of identifiable
      dietary and physical activity behaviors may be useful as a basis for
      recommendations on preventing OW.

PMID- 18156412
TI  - Additional zinc delivered in a liquid supplement, but not in a fortified
      porridge, increased fat-free mass accrual among young Peruvian children with mild
      to-moderate stunting.
AB  - The exact mechanism whereby zinc influences growth is unknown, although it has
      been postulated that zinc may stimulate appetite and energy intake or enhance fat
      free mass (FFM) accrual directly. We compared energy intake, reported appetite,
      and body composition of 6- to 8-mo-old Peruvian children with initial length-for
      age Z-score (LAZ) < -0.5 SD who were randomly assigned to receive daily for 6 mo:
      1) 3 mg/d zinc in a liquid supplement; 2) 3 mg/d zinc in a fortified porridge; or
      3) no extra zinc in either the supplement or porridge. There were no group-wise
      differences in changes in dietary energy intakes or body composition or in the
      prevalence of reported poor appetite. However, among children with an initial LAZ
      less than the median (-1.1 SD), those who received zinc as a liquid supplement
      had a 0.41 kg greater increase in FFM than those who did not receive zinc (P <
      0.05). We concluded that daily provision of 3 mg of supplemental zinc did not
      affect energy intake or reported appetite. Among children with initial mild-to
      moderate stunting, those who received the zinc supplement had a greater increase
      in FFM than those who did not receive additional zinc. It is possible that the
      growth-restricted children were more likely to be zinc deficient and that FFM
      accrual may be an early growth response to supplemental zinc. Zinc supplements
      may be more efficacious than the same dose of zinc provided in fortified food;
      therefore, further research is needed on the optimal level of zinc fortification
      that will result in improved health outcomes in populations with high rates of
      zinc deficiency.

PMID- 18156413
TI  - Energy restriction and exercise differentially enhance components of systemic and
      mucosal immunity in mice.
AB  - The prevalence of obesity, an established risk factor for several chronic
      diseases, including cancer, has risen dramatically over the past 4 decades.
      Dietary change and/or increased physical activity are the most commonly
      recommended lifestyle-based strategies for preventing or reversing obesity. One
      of several physiological systems that may be enhanced by dietary change and
      exercise is the immune system. In this study, we examined the effects of energy
      restriction (ER; 30% reduction relative to control energy intake) and/or exercise
      (EX; voluntary wheel running) on systemic and mucosal immune function. Female
      C57BL/6 mice were randomized into 4 treatment conditions: 1) controls consumed ad
      libitum (AL); 2) AL with access to running wheels (AL + EX); 3) 30% ER; and 4)
      30% ER with access to running wheels (ER + EX). Both ER and EX reduced spleen
      weight and the number of splenic T and B lymphocytes (P < 0.05). ER enhanced
      natural killer (NK) cell function, but reduced concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T
      cell proliferation (P < 0.05). In contrast, EX enhanced Con A-induced
      proliferation and cytokine production from Peyer's patch cells (P < 0.05). These
      data suggest that ER and EX enhance some, but not all, components of the immune
      system and are likely working via different biological mechanisms to regulate NK
      and T-cell function.

PMID- 18156414
TI  - Feeding a diet containing a fructooligosaccharide mix can enhance Salmonella
      vaccine efficacy in mice.
AB  - Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are considered prebiotics because of their ability
      to promote growth of specific beneficial gut bacteria, such as bifidobacteria.
      Some studies reported potential immune-modulating properties. The aim of this
      study was to investigate the effect of FOS:inulin mix on murine response to
      Salmonella vaccine and evaluate the relevance toward protection against
      Salmonella infection. Balb/c mice were fed a diet containing 5% FOS:inulin mix or
      a control diet 1 wk before oral immunization with a suboptimal dose of live
      attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine. Four weeks after vaccination, mice
      were infected with LD100 of virulent S. typhimurium. Specific blood Salmonella
      immunoglobulin G and fecal immunoglobulin A significantly increased in mice fed
      the diet containing prebiotics compared with control mice 4 wk postimmunization.
      Peritoneal macrophage phagocytic activity also significantly increased in
      FOS:inulin-fed mice at 1 wk postimmunization compared with control mice. No
      detectable effects were observed on the percentage of lymphoid cell subsets in
      the spleen. However, production of cytokines, interferon-gamma, interleukin-12,
      and tumor necrosis factor alpha, was numerically increased in spleen cell
      cultures stimulated with mitogens from FOS:inulin-fed mice 1 and 4 wk
      postimmunization. Salmonella translocation to lymphoid organs was not affected by
      feeding FOS:inulin. However, the improved response to Salmonella vaccine was
      concomitant with an increase in the survival rate of FOS:inulin-fed mice upon
      challenge with virulent Salmonella. No detectable effects were observed on the
      composition or the metabolic activity of the microbiota. Overall, the data
      suggest that a diet supplemented with FOS:inulin mix stimulates mucosal immunity
      and seems to improve efficacy of an oral vaccine.

PMID- 18156415
TI  - The immune response to herpes simplex virus encephalitis in mice is modulated by
      dietary vitamin E.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) is the most common fatal sporadic
      encephalitis in humans. HSE is primarily caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1
      infection of the brain. HSE results in increased levels of oxidative stress,
      including the production of reactive oxygen species, free radicals, and
      neuroinflammation. The most biologically active form of vitamin E (VE) is alpha
      tocopherol (alpha-TOC). In cellular membranes, alpha-TOC prevents lipid
      peroxidation by scavenging free radicals and functioning as an antioxidant.
      Supplementation with VE has been shown to decrease immunosenescence, improve
      immune function, and may be neuroprotective. To determine how VE deficiency and
      VE supplementation would alter the pathogenesis of HSE, we placed weanling male
      BALB/cByJ mice on VE-deficient (VE-D), VE-adequate (VE-A), or 10x VE-supplemented
      diets for 4 wk, and then infected the mice intranasally with HSV-1. VE-D mice had
      more severe symptoms of encephalitis than VE-A mice, including weight loss,
      keratitis, hunched posture, and morbidity. VE-D mice had increased cytokine and
      chemokine expression in the brain and increased viral titers. In contrast, VE
      supplementation failed to decrease cytokine production and had no effect on viral
      titer. We demonstrated that adequate levels of VE are important in limiting HSE
      pathology and that 10x supplementation does not enhance protection.

PMID- 18156416
TI  - Weak association between sweeteners or sweetened beverages and diabetes.

PMID- 18156417
TI  - The use of whey or skimmed milk powder in fortified blended foods for vulnerable
      groups.
AB  - Fortified blended foods (FBF), especially corn soy blend, are used as food aid
      for millions of people worldwide, especially malnourished individuals and
      vulnerable groups. There are only a few studies evaluating the effect of FBF on
      health outcomes, and the potential negative effect of antinutrients has not been
      examined. Different lines of evidence suggest that dairy proteins have beneficial
      effects on vulnerable groups. Here we review the evidence on the effects of
      adding whey or skimmed milk powder to FBF used for malnourished infants and young
      children or people living with HIV or AIDS. Adding whey or skimmed milk powder to
      FBF improves the protein quality, allowing a reduction in total amount of
      protein, which could have potential metabolic advantages. It also allows for a
      reduced content of soy and cereal and thereby a reduction of potential
      antinutrients. It is possible that adding milk could improve weight gain, linear
      growth, and recovery from malnutrition, but this needs to be confirmed. Bioactive
      factors in whey might have beneficial effects on the immune system and muscle
      synthesis, but evidence from vulnerable groups is lacking. Milk proteins will
      improve flavor, which is important for acceptability in vulnerable groups. The
      most important disadvantage is a considerable increase in price. Adding 10-15%
      milk powder would double the price, which means that such a product should be
      used only in well-defined vulnerable groups with special needs. The potential
      beneficial effects of adding milk protein and lack of evidence in vulnerable
      groups call for randomized intervention studies.

PMID- 18156418
TI  - The importance of calcium, potassium, and acid-base homeostasis in bone health
      and osteoporosis prevention.

PMID- 18156419
TI  - Nutrient effects on the calcium economy: emphasizing the potassium controversy.
AB  - The calcium economy is a dynamic state influenced by fluxes in dietary calcium
      intake, intestinal calcium absorption, and renal calcium conservation. The
      relationship of selected bone-related nutrients to these calcium fluxes exhibits
      both constructive and destructive interactions that affect the overall state of
      calcium balance. The basis of the calcium requirement and the impact of vitamin
      D, protein, phosphorus, sodium, and caffeine on the calcium economy are reviewed.
      Against this background, emerging data on potassium are presented. Data from
      balance studies of healthy white women at midlife were reviewed to assess the
      effect of diet potassium on the calcium economy under steady-state conditions.
      Potassium was inversely associated with both urinary calcium excretion and
      intestinal calcium absorption, yielding no significant net change in calcium
      balance. In the population reported on here, dairy, meat, and cereal grains
      together contributed 56%, and fruits and vegetables 44%, of total dietary
      potassium. To the extent that fruit and vegetable potassium is a surrogate for
      high bicarbonate, this cohort did not have a dietary intake pattern allowing for
      measurement or interpretation of the potential effect of a high-bicarbonate
      containing diet on long-term steady-state calcium balance. Potassium itself is
      uniformly well absorbed regardless of the dietary source. Mean 24-h urinary
      potassium averaged 92% of dietary intake. According to nationwide food
      consumption surveys, milk is the number 1 single food source of potassium in all
      age groups in the United States.

PMID- 18156420
TI  - The balance of bone health: tipping the scales in favor of potassium-rich,
      bicarbonate-rich foods.
AB  - Public health nutrition strategies to develop and maintain bone health throughout
      the lifecycle as well as to prevent osteoporosis in later life are urgently
      needed. In the United States, approximately 10 million Americans have
      osteoporosis, with costs estimated at $17.9 billion per year and costs in Europe
      well in excess of 13.9 billion euros. This review article outlines the current
      evidence available in the literature linking potassium-rich, bicarbonate-rich
      foods to osteoporosis prevention. The health-related benefits of a high intake of
      potassium-rich, bicarbonate-rich foods (e.g., fruits and vegetables) on disease
      prevention (e.g., cancer, heart disease) have been gaining increasing attention
      in the literature, and there is growing belief, from a variety of observational,
      experimental, clinical, and intervention studies, that a positive link exists
      between potassium-rich, bicarbonate-rich foods and indices of bone health.
      However, observational studies are not hypothesis proving and can only suggest
      the potential mechanisms of action. We now urgently need data from randomized
      controlled trials to determine for certain whether a potassium-rich, bicarbonate
      rich diet or supplement is important to the skeleton. A 1-mo dietary intervention
      study involving 23- to 76-y-old men and women has shown that a diet high in
      bicarbonate (high fruits and vegetables) and potassium (high in milk and dairy
      products) (Dietary Approaches to Stopping Hypertension) significantly reduces
      bone turnover. Longer-term dietary studies are critical. In addition, the
      mechanisms underlying a positive effect of a potassium-rich, bicarbonate-rich
      diet on bone need to be fully determined. These currently include, but are not
      limited to, 1) the potential role of the skeleton in acid-base homeostasis; 2)
      other nutrient or dietary components found in abundance in fruits and vegetables
      such as vitamin K, beta-carotene, and vitamin C; and 3) other as yet
      "unidentified" dietary components. The road ahead is a challenging one.

PMID- 18156422
TI  - The examination of two short dietary assessment methods, within the context of
      multiple behavioral change interventions in adult populations. Introduction.

PMID- 18156423
TI  - Baseline design elements and sample characteristics for seven sites participating
      in the Nutrition Working Group of the Behavior Change Consortium.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to describe the baseline design elements and
      sample characteristics of the Behavior Change Consortium (BCC) Dietary
      Measurement studies for each of the 7 sites that comprised the BCC Nutrition
      Working Group (NWG). This article summarizes the project designs, including
      descriptions of diverse study populations, primary assessment methods, and study
      outcomes. Common measures used across sites included the National Cancer
      Institute (NCI) Fruit and Vegetable Screener, NCI Percentage Energy from Fat
      Screener, 24-h dietary recalls, and a single- or 2-item fruit and vegetable
      measure. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, body weight and height,
      smoking status, and serum carotenoids were also collected. Study design
      information such as assessment time points, as well as baseline sample
      characteristics, is also described. This paper provides the overall framework and
      descriptive information and serves as the reference for the BCC NWG special
      supplement.

PMID- 18156424
TI  - Evaluation of a short dietary assessment instrument for percentage energy from
      fat in an intervention study.
AB  - The need for an inexpensive measure of dietary intake in intervention studies led
      to evaluation of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Percentage Energy from Fat
      short instrument (PFat) in a subgroup of the Behavioral Change Consortium (BCC)
      intervention sites. The PFat's performance was evaluated using multiple
      nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls (24HR) as a reference instrument among
      participants at baseline in 4 demographically diverse intervention sites of the
      BCC. Mean estimates of percentage energy from fat for 24HR and PFat were within
      2.1 percentage points of each other in all but 2 site/gender comparisons. 24HR
      and PFat estimates were not significantly different (P < 0.05) among men for 2 of
      3 sites, and among women for 2 of 4 sites. Deattenuated Pearson correlation
      coefficients for the PFat and true intake (as estimated from the 24HR using a
      measurement error model) were significantly different from 0 (P < 0.05) for men
      and women in all sites, ranging from 0.52 to 0.77 among men and 0.36 to 0.59
      among women. Besides gender and site, no other factors examined (age, education,
      smoking status, and BMI) consistently moderated validity estimates. If accurate
      assessment of diet at baseline (and presumably at follow-up) is essential, a more
      detailed instrument such as multiple 24HR may be warranted. The question of
      whether the PFat adequately measures change in diet is addressed in another
      article in this supplement.

PMID- 18156425
TI  - Correspondence of the NCI Fruit and Vegetable Screener to repeat 24-H recalls and
      serum carotenoids in behavioral intervention trials.
AB  - Five sites participating in the NCI Behavior Change Consortium administered the
      NCI Fruit and Vegetable Screener (FVS) and multiple, nonconsecutive 24-h dietary
      recall interviews (24HR) to 590 participants. Three sites also obtained serum
      carotenoids (n = 295). Participants were primarily female, ethnically diverse,
      and varied by age and education. Correlations between 24HR and FVS by site ranged
      from 0.31 (P = 0.07) to 0.47 (P < 0.01) in men and from 0.43 to 0.63 (P < 0.01)
      in women. Compared with 24HR, FVS significantly (P < 0.05) overestimated intake
      at 2 of 4 sites for men and all 4 sites for women. Differences in estimated total
      servings of fruits and vegetables/d ranged from 0.16 to 3.06 servings. On
      average, the FVS overestimated intake by 1.76 servings in men and 2.11 servings
      in women. Alternative FVS scoring procedures and a 1-item screener lowered
      correlations with 24HR as well as serum carotenoids but alternate scoring
      procedures generally improved estimations of servings.

PMID- 18156426
TI  - Use of signal detection methodology to identify subgroups of dietary supplement
      use in diverse populations.
AB  - Despite widespread use of dietary supplements, little is known about correlates
      and determinants of their use. Using a diverse sample from 7 interventions
      participating in the Behavior Change Consortium (n = 2539), signal detection
      methodology (SDM) demonstrated a method for identifying subgroups with varying
      supplement use. An SDM model was explored with an exploratory half of the entire
      sample (n = 1268) and used 5 variables to predict dietary supplement use:
      cigarette smoking, fruit and vegetable intake, dietary fat consumption, BMI, and
      stage of change for physical activity. A comparison of rates of supplement use
      between the exploratory model groups and comparably identified groups in the
      reserved, confirmatory sample (n = 1271) indicates that these analyses may be
      generalizable. Significant indicators of any supplement use included smoking
      status, percentage of energy from fat, and fruit and vegetable consumption.
      Although higher supplement use was associated with healthy behaviors overall,
      many of the identified groups exhibited mixed combinations of healthy and
      unhealthy behaviors. The results of this study suggest that patterns of dietary
      supplement use are complex and support the use of SDM to identify possible
      population characteristics for targeted and tailored health communication
      interventions.

PMID- 18156427
TI  - Performance of a short percentage energy from fat tool in measuring change in
      dietary intervention studies.
AB  - Measurement of percentage energy from fat is important in surveillance of
      populations and in epidemiologic studies examining relationships between diet and
      disease as well as for behavioral intervention studies seeking to change dietary
      behavior. The NCI percentage energy from fat screener (PFat) has adequately
      predicted percentage of energy from fat compared with 24-h recalls (24HR) in
      cross-sectional analyses. However, the instrument has not been evaluated for its
      ability to assess change of percentage energy from fat over time or in response
      to interventions to change dietary intake of fat. The objective of this analysis
      is to evaluate the performance of the PFat in assessing change in percentage
      energy intake from fat in a behavioral intervention setting. Four individual
      sites participating in the Behavior Change Consortium Nutrition Working Group
      administered both the PF at and multiple 24HR at baseline and follow-up to 278
      participants. A measurement error model was used to assess agreement between the
      PFat and 24HR at baseline and follow-up. The PFat was consistent with 24HR in
      finding there was no significant change in percentage energy from fat as a result
      of the intervention. Both male and female participants in the intervention group
      demonstrated a significant increase in the correlation between PFat and 24HR from
      baseline to follow-up. Percentage energy from fat measured by PFat may be useful
      to provide estimates of change in mean intake of populations over time in
      longitudinal studies. Further methodologic research is called for in
      interventions producing significant changes and in diverse populations with
      adequate sample size.

PMID- 18156428
TI  - Accuracy and precision of two short screeners to assess change in fruit and
      vegetable consumption among diverse populations participating in health promotion
      intervention trials.
AB  - Two short frequency questionnaires, the NCI 19-item Fruit and Vegetable Screener
      (FVS) and a single question on overall fruit and vegetable consumption (1-item),
      were evaluated for their ability to assess change in fruit and vegetable (FV)
      consumption over time and in response to intervention among participants in 5
      health promotion trials in the Behavior Change Consortium. Cross-sectional
      differences and correlations of FV estimates at baseline and at follow-up were
      compared for the FVS (n = 315) and the 1-item (n = 227), relative to multiple 24
      h recall interviews (24HR). The FVS significantly overestimated daily intake by
      1.27 servings at baseline among men and by 1.42 and 1.59 servings at baseline and
      follow-up, respectively, in women, whereas the 1-item measure significantly
      underestimated intake at both time points in men (0.98 serving at baseline, 0.75
      serving at follow-up) and women (0.61 and 0.41 serving). Cross-sectional
      deattenuated correlations with 24HR at follow-up were 0.48 (FVS) and 0.50 (1
      item). To evaluate the capacity of the 2 screeners to assess FV change, we
      compared mean posttest effects with 24HR by treatment group overall and by
      gender. Treatment group differences were not significant for either 24HR or 1
      item. Among 315 subjects, the FVS treatment group differences were significant
      both overall and within gender but not when repeated in the sample of 227.
      Findings suggest multiple 24HR at multiple time points in adequate sample sizes
      remain the gold standard for FV reports. Biases in FVS estimates may reflect
      participants' lifestyles and sociodemographic characteristics and require further
      examination in longitudinal samples representative of diverse populations.

PMID- 18156429
TI  - Social desirability trait influences on self-reported dietary measures among
      diverse participants in a multicenter multiple risk factor trial.
AB  - Data collected at 4 Behavioral Change Consortium sites were used to assess social
      desirability bias in self-reports derived from a dietary fat screener (PFat), a
      dietary fruit and vegetable screener (FVS), and a 1-item question on fruit and
      vegetable intake. Comparisons were made with mean intakes derived from up to 3 24
      h recall interviews at baseline and follow-up (at 12 mo in 3 sites, 6 mo in the
      fourth). A social-desirability-related underestimate in fat intake on the PFat
      relative to the 24HR (percentage energy as fat) was evident in women [baseline b
      = -0.56 (P = 0.005); follow-up b = -0.62 (P < 0.001)]. There was an overestimate
      in FVS-derived fruit and vegetable consumption (servings/week) in men enrolled in
      any intervention at follow-up (b = 0.39, P = 0.05) vs. baseline (b = 0.04, P =
      0.75). The 1-item fruit and vegetable question was associated with an
      overestimate at baseline in men according to SD score (b = 0.14, P = 0.02),
      especially men with less than college education (b = 0.23, P = 0.01). Women with
      less than college education expressed a similar bias at follow-up (b = 0.13, P =
      0.02). Differences in the magnitude of bias according to gender, type of
      instrument used, and randomization condition are comparable to what has been seen
      for other instruments and have important implications for both measuring change
      in studies of diet and health outcomes and for developing methods to control for
      such biases.

PMID- 18156430
TI  - Diagnostic and prognostic significance of cyclin A expression in low-grade
      astrocytomas: comparison with astrogliosis and high-grade tumours.
AB  - AIM: Definitive distinction between low-grade astrocytoma and astrogliosis is a
      long-standing difficulty due to their similar histopathological characteristics.
      To clarify differences in biological significance, this study focused on various
      components of the cell cycle machinery and proliferation as key parameters,
      comparing expression in astrogliosis, as well as low- and high-grade
      astrocytomas. METHODS: The expression of p16, p21 and p27, and cyclin A, cyclin
      D1, cyclin E, Rb and Ki-67 was immunohistochemically examined in 40 cases of
      astrogliosis and 48 cases of low-grade astrocytomas (grade II), as well as 50
      high-grade tumours (grades III and IV). The results were also compared with
      survival data for the astrocytomas. RESULTS: Cell proliferation determined by Ki
      67 immunoreactivity did not differ between astrogliosis and low-grade tumours.
      Average labelling indices (LIs) for p16, p21, Rb, cyclin A and cyclin E showed a
      stepwise increase from astrogliosis, through low- to high-grade astrocytomas,
      indicating the possibility that over 9%, 6% and 4% of LIs for p16, p21 and cyclin
      A, respectively, may be useful predictors in the case of the latter, in contrast
      to significant decrease in p27 LIs. Significantly higher mean LI values for
      cyclin D1 were also evident in astrogliosis (12.42) as compared with astrocytomas
      (low grade, 2.26; high grade, 4.60). Positive correlations between LIs for Rb and
      Ki-67 were observed with astrogliosis and low- but not high-grade tumours. In
      addition, high cyclin A LI values were independently associated with poor outcome
      in low-grade tumours. CONCLUSION: These findings provide evidence that expression
      of cell-cycle-related molecules may be a reliable parameter for differential
      diagnosis of low-grade astrocytomas and astrogliosis. Moreover, detection of
      cyclin A appears to be useful for predicting behaviour of low-grade astrocytomas.

PMID- 18156431
TI  - Reduction of E-cadherin expression is associated with non-lobular breast
      carcinomas of basal-like and triple negative phenotype.
AB  - AIM: E-cadherin inactivation in breast cancer has been shown to be strongly
      associated with lobular breast cancer. However, little is known about the levels
      of E-cadherin expression according to the breast cancer "molecular" subtypes. The
      aim of this study was to address the distribution of E-cadherin expression
      according to the different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. METHODS: E
      cadherin expression was immunohistochemically analysed in a tissue microarray
      containing duplicate cores of 245 invasive breast carcinomas, of which 182 cases
      were of non-lobular histology, using a semi-quantitative scoring system based on
      the percentage of cells showing membrane immunopositivity. RESULTS: In non
      lobular breast carcinomas, reduced and/or negative E-cadherin expression was
      significantly associated with lack of oestrogen receptor expression, low levels
      of CCND1 expression, positivity for cytokeratins 5/6 and 17, epidermal growth
      factor receptor and caveolins 1 and 2, p53 expression, high MIB-1 proliferation
      indices, basal-like phenotype and triple negative phenotype. CONCLUSION: This
      study demonstrates that in the group of non-lobular breast cancers,
      reduction/lack of E-cadherin expression is preferentially found in basal-like
      breast carcinomas.

PMID- 18156432
TI  - Can cause of death be predicted from the pre-necropsy information provided in
      coroners' cases?
AB  - AIM: To determine whether the cause of death can be accurately predicted from the
      pre-necropsy information available in coroners' cases, before carrying out a
      postmortem examination. METHODS: In this prospective study pathologists read the
      clinical summary provided by the Coroner's Office and formulated a predicted
      cause of death. An external examination was then conducted and any relevant
      information recorded, together with any changes to the original predicted cause
      of death. They then carried out a complete necropsy before recording a final
      cause of death, which was subsequently compared with their prediction. RESULTS: A
      total of 95 necropsies were included in the study. The cause of death was deemed
      to have been correctly predicted from the history in 62 cases (65.3%). In 33
      cases (34.7%) an unexpected cause of death was found. Findings from the external
      examination were noteworthy in only 8 cases (8.4%), and did not alter the cause
      of death in any case. CONCLUSIONS: In certain circumstances an accurate cause of
      death may be given with confidence without the apparent need for necropsy.
      However, many common causes of death can present with similar or misleading
      scenarios. This study indicates that performing necropsies, despite seemingly
      predictable circumstances, is advisable if an accurate cause of death is to be
      recorded.

PMID- 18156433
TI  - Asymptomatic polypoidal intracavitary cardiac metastases from pulmonary
      adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 18156434
TI  - Cardiac pathology of fatal trastuzumab therapy.

PMID- 18156435
TI  - Metastatic papillary carcinoma of thyroid masquerading as a renal tumour.

PMID- 18156436
TI  - Comparison of X-chromosome inactivation patterns in multiple tissues from human
      females.
AB  - BACKGROUND: X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is the mechanism by which gene dosage
      uniformity is achieved between female mammals with two X chromosomes and male
      mammals with a single X chromosome, and is thought to occur randomly. For
      molecular genetic testing, accessible tissues (eg blood) are commonly studied,
      but the relationship with inaccessible tissues (eg brain) is poorly understood.
      For accessible tissues to be informative for genetic analysis, a high degree of
      concordance of genetic findings among tissue types is required. OBJECTIVE: To
      determine the relationship among multiple tissues within females at different
      ages (fetus to 82 years). METHODS: XCI patterns were analysed using the
      polymorphic androgen receptor (AR) gene assay. DNA was isolated from 26 different
      human females without history of malignancy, using 34 autopsy tissues
      representing the three embryonic germ layers. RESULTS: 33 of the 280 tissue
      samples analysed from 13 of the 26 females showed skewed XCI values (>80:20%).
      Average XCI value was not significantly different among the tissues, but a trend
      for increasing XCI variability was observed with age in blood and other tissues
      studied (eg the SD for all tissues studied for the 0-2 years group was 9.9%
      compared with 14.8% in the >60 years group). We found a significant correlation
      (r(s) = 0.51, p = 0.035) between XCI values for blood and/or spleen and brain
      tissue, and in most other tissues representing the three embryonic germ layers.
      CONCLUSIONS: In our study, XCI data were comparable among accessible (eg blood)
      and inaccessible tissues (eg brain) in females at various ages, and may be useful
      for genetic testing. A trend was seen for greater XCI variability with increasing
      age, particularly in older women (>60 years).

PMID- 18156437
TI  - Evidence for the association of Y-chromosome haplogroups with susceptibility to
      spermatogenic failure in a Chinese Han population.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Y chromosomes are genetically highly variable due to frequent
      structural rearrangements. The variations may create a genetic background for the
      susceptibility to Y-related spermatogenic impairment, although few data have been
      accumulated about the possible correlation between the Y-chromosome haplotype and
      the predisposition of men to spermatogenic failure. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the
      possible association of Y-chromosome background with spermatogenic failure.
      METHODS: The distribution of 18 Y-chromosome haplogroups was compared between 414
      infertile men with azoospermia or oligozoospermia and 262 normozoospermic men
      with or without AZFc deletions in a Han population of Southwest China. RESULTS: A
      significant population difference in Y-haplogroup distribution was found between
      the groups of normozoospermia and azoospemia or oligozoospermia, and between the
      patient groups with oligozoospermia and azoospermia without AZFc deletions.
      Interpopulation comparison of Y haplogroup frequencies showed that the
      distribution of the haplogroups C, K* and O3* were significantly different
      between the groups. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for the association
      of Y-chromosome background with impaired spermatogenesis, suggesting that Y
      variations play a role in the occurrence and even the severity of spermatogenic
      failure. Furthermore, both AZFc deletions and other Y-chromosome structural
      variations may be important for determining the susceptibility to spermatogenic
      failure. Our findings emphasise the necessity of more extensive study on Y
      chromosome variations for better understanding of spermatogenesis and its
      pathology.

PMID- 18156438
TI  - The genetic aetiology of Silver-Russell syndrome.
AB  - Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS MIM180860) is a disorder characterised by
      intrauterine and/or postnatal growth restriction and typical facies. However, the
      clinical picture is extremely diverse due to numerous diagnostic features
      reflecting a heterogeneous genetic disorder. The mode of inheritance is variable
      with sporadic cases also being described. Maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) of
      chromosome 7 accounts for 10% of SRS cases and many candidate imprinted genes on
      7 have been investigated. Chromosome 11 has moved to the forefront as the key
      chromosome in the aetiology, with reports of methylation defects in the H19
      imprinted domain associated with the phenotype in 35-65% of SRS patients.
      Methylation aberrations have been described in a number of other imprinted growth
      related disorders such as Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome. This review discusses these
      recent developments as well as the previous work on chromosome 7. Other candidate
      genes/chromosomal regions previously investigated are tabled.

PMID- 18156439
TI  - Animal models of pulmonary fibrosis: how far from effective reality?

PMID- 18156440
TI  - Inflammation and ischemia-induced lung angiogenesis.
AB  - A role for inflammation in modulating the extent of angiogenesis has been shown
      for a number of organs. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the
      importance of leukocyte subpopulations for systemic angiogenesis of the lung
      after left pulmonary artery ligation (LPAL) in a mouse model of chronic pulmonary
      thromboembolism. Since we (24) previously showed that depletion of neutrophils
      did not alter the angiogenic outcome, we focused on the effects of dexamethasone
      pretreatment (general anti-inflammatory) and gadolinium chloride treatment
      (macrophage inactivator) and studied Rag-1(-/-) mice (T/B lymphocyte deficient).
      We measured inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung
      homogenate macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and IL-6 protein levels
      within 24 h after LPAL and systemic blood flow to the lung 14 days after LPAL
      with labeled microspheres as a measure of angiogenesis. Blood flow to the left
      lung was significantly reduced after dexamethasone treatment compared with
      untreated control LPAL mice (66% decrease; P < 0.05) and significantly increased
      in T/B lymphocyte-deficient mice (88% increase; P < 0.05). Adoptive transfer of
      splenocytes (T/B lymphocytes) significantly reversed the degree of angiogenesis
      observed in the Rag-1(-/-) mice back to the level of control LPAL. Average number
      of lavaged macrophages for each group significantly correlated with average blood
      flow in the study groups (r(2) = 0.9181; P = 0.01 different from 0). Despite
      differences in angiogenesis, left lung homogenate MIP-2 and IL-6 did not differ
      among study groups. We conclude that inflammatory cells modulate the degree of
      angiogenesis in this lung model where lymphocytes appear to limit the degree of
      neovascularization, whereas monocytes/macrophages likely promote angiogenesis.

PMID- 18156441
TI  - Identification of Nrf2-dependent airway epithelial adaptive response to
      proinflammatory oxidant-hypochlorous acid challenge by transcription profiling.
AB  - In inflammatory diseases of the airway, a high level (estimated to be as high as
      8 mM) of HOCl can be generated through a reaction catalyzed by the leukocyte
      granule enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO). HOCl, a potent oxidative agent, causes
      extensive tissue injury through its reaction with various cellular substances,
      including thiols, nucleotides, and amines. In addition to its physiological
      source, HOCl can also be generated by chlorine gas inhalation from an accident or
      a potential terrorist attack. Despite the important role of HOCl-induced airway
      epithelial injury, the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. In the
      present study, we found that HOCl induced dose-dependent toxicity in airway
      epithelial cells. By transcription profiling using GeneChip, we identified a
      battery of HOCl-inducible antioxidant genes, all of which have been reported
      previously to be regulated by nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a
      transcription factor that is critical to the lung antioxidant response.
      Consistent with this finding, Nrf2 was found to be activated time and dose
      dependently by HOCl. Although the epidermal growth factor receptor-MAPK pathway
      was also highly activated by HOCl, it was not involved in Nrf2 activation and
      Nrf2-dependent gene expression. Instead, HOCl-induced cellular oxidative stress
      appeared to lead directly to Nrf2 activation. To further understand the
      functional significance of Nrf2 activation, small interference RNA was used to
      knock down Nrf2 level by targeting Nrf2 or enhance nuclear accumulation of Nrf2
      by targeting its endogenous inhibitor Keap1. By both methods, we conclude that
      Nrf2 directly protects airway epithelial cells from HOCl-induced toxicity.

PMID- 18156442
TI  - IL-1beta, BK, and TGF-beta1 attenuate PGI2-mediated cAMP formation in human
      pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by multiple mechanisms involving p38 MAP
      kinase and PKA.
AB  - We have previously shown that interleukin (IL)-1beta, transforming growth factor
      (TGF)-beta1, or bradykinin (BK) impair cAMP generation in response to
      prostacyclin analogs in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle (PASM), suggesting
      that inflammation can impair the effects of prostacyclin analogs on PASM in
      pulmonary hypertension. Here we explored the biochemical mechanisms involved. We
      found that IL-1beta, BK, and TGF-beta1 reduced adenylyl cyclase isoform 1, 2, and
      4 mRNA, increased Galphai protein levels, and reduced prostacyclin receptor (IP
      receptor) mRNA expression. In contrast, Galphas protein levels were unchanged.
      Protein kinase A (PKA) (H-89, KT-2750, PKIm) and p38 mitogen-activated protein
      (MAP) kinase (SB-202190) inhibitors attenuated these effects, but protein kinase
      C (bisindolylmaleide) or phosphoinositol 3-kinase (LY-294002) inhibitors did not.
      Fluorescent kemptide assay and Western blotting confirmed that PKA and p38 MAP
      kinase were activated by IL-1beta, BK, and TGF-beta1. These studies suggest that
      IL-1beta, BK, and TGF-beta1 impair IP receptor-mediated cAMP accumulation by
      multiple effects on different components of the signaling pathway and that these
      effects are PKA and p38 MAP kinase dependent.

PMID- 18156443
TI  - Provider selection of evidence-based contraception guidelines in service
      provision: a study in India, Peru, and Rwanda.
AB  - Providers underutilize evidence-based practice guidelines as they prescribe
      contraceptives. To discern biases in guideline utilization by 172 providers of
      three countries, this study used observations from simulated clients trained to
      choose oral contraceptives. Providers implemented less than one third of the
      guideline set, but they addressed, more frequently than other guidelines, items
      categorized as essential by expert opinion (p < .01). Indian providers emphasized
      instructions on method use in 9-minute consultations, Rwandan providers
      emphasized contraindications in 29-minute sessions, and Peruvian providers did
      not emphasize any single guideline category. Providers should use job aids to
      improve guideline utilization. Those pressed for time need an evidence-based,
      rather than arbitrary, selection of essential guidelines that optimizes client
      outcomes. Practice-based research must be generated to meet this need.

PMID- 18156444
TI  - Beyond sweetness and warmth: transition of the preterm infant.

PMID- 18156445
TI  - Severe chest recession causing translucency on an x ray.

PMID- 18156446
TI  - Fishing for brain power?

PMID- 18156447
TI  - Comparison between rectal and infrared skin temperature in the newborn.
AB  - The reliability of measurement of body temperature using a new infrared skin
      thermometer was evaluated in 107 newborns. The use of the device was associated
      with low operator-related variability and acceptable limits of agreement with the
      temperature measured with a rectal mercury thermometer. Use of the infrared skin
      thermometer is a comfortable and reliable way of measurement of body temperature
      in newborns.

PMID- 18156448
TI  - Perforated colonic duplication masquerading as necrotising enterocolitis.

PMID- 18156449
TI  - Evaluation of the use of equipment competency check lists.

PMID- 18156450
TI  - Pulse oximetry: not a sensitive screening tool for congenital heart disease.

PMID- 18156451
TI  - The optimal time to clamp the umbilical cord.

PMID- 18156453
TI  - Discontinuation of neonatal resuscitation in term babies.

PMID- 18156454
TI  - Dr Helen Taussig (1898 1986): pioneering American paediatric cardiologist.
AB  - In 1944, Helen Taussig in collaboration with Alfred Blalock initiated the first
      surgical treatment of cyanotic congenital malformations of the heart. She may be
      regarded as the founder of paediatric cardiology.

PMID- 18156455
TI  - Differences in solute removal by two high-flux membranes of nominally similar
      synthetic polymers.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Membranes fabricated from nominally similar polymers may be markedly
      different in chemical composition, morphology and geometry. To examine the
      relative importance of these factors to dialyzer performance, the removal of
      small and large uraemic toxins was determined for dialyzers containing
      'polysulfone' membranes of different composition and morphology, with and without
      fibre undulations. METHODS: Total removal and instantaneous clearances of urea,
      phosphorus, beta(2)-microglobulin, leptin, angiogenin, complement factor D and
      immunoglobulin kappa light chain were determined in randomized cross-over
      studies. Total solute removal was assessed from the pre- to post-dialysis change
      in plasma concentration and the total amount of solute recovered in the
      dialysate. Trapping of solute at the membrane was determined as the difference
      between solute lost from plasma water and solute recovered in the dialysate.
      RESULTS: Total removal of urea and phosphorus was independent of the membrane
      composition and structure. Large molecule removal differed significantly between
      the two membranes, particularly for beta(2)-microglobulin. The importance of
      trapping at the membrane as a mechanism of beta(2)-microglobulin removal also
      differed significantly between the two membranes, with trapping being less
      important for the membrane with the greatest beta(2)-microglobulin removal. As
      molecular size increased, the contribution of trapping at the membrane to solute
      removal increased and the difference between the two membranes decreased.
      CONCLUSIONS: High-flux membranes fabricated from nominally similar polymers may
      differ significantly in their ability to remove low molecular weight protein
      uraemic toxins.

PMID- 18156456
TI  - Occurrence of peritonitis in APD versus CAPD: methodologic problems.

PMID- 18156457
TI  - The clinical evaluation of low-dose heparin in haemodialysis: a prospective study
      using the heparin-coated AN69 ST membrane.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The AN69 ST haemodialysis membrane, a new membrane resulting from
      coating polyethyleneimine upon the polyacrylonitrile surface, binds heparin. In
      patients at risk of bleeding, a pilot study has demonstrated the efficient
      anticoagulant effect of this heparin-coated membrane. Study design. In chronic
      haemodialyzed patients, we evaluated whether this anticoagulant effect can be
      validated in a controlled, prospective, open study. Pragmatically, we tested the
      hypothesis of no difference of the massive clotting rate in two groups of
      patients haemodialyzed either with 50% reduced standard doses of nonfractionated
      heparin using the heparin-coated AN69 ST or with a full dose of heparin (100%)
      using another type of dialysis membrane that does not bind heparin. Secondary
      objectives included evaluation of partial clotting, changes in haemoglobin
      levels, erythropoietin consumption and dialyzer performances. RESULTS: One
      hundred and eighty-four patients were elected and 170 finally included in an 18
      month follow-up study. They were allocated to one of the two arms of the study.
      In the heparin-reduced group (n = 85, mean age: 73 +/- 11 years), 12 472 sessions
      were performed after priming the AN69 ST dialyzer with 2 L of heparinized saline
      (5000 IU/L heparin) and using 50% reduced doses of previously administered
      heparin. In the control group with standard heparin (n = 85, mean age: 74 +/- 13
      years), 14 154 sessions were analysed (NS), and mean heparin doses were 2718 +/-
      1388 and 4800 +/- 1564 IU per session, respectively (P < 0.001). In the heparin
      reduced group, massive clotting occurred in 1.4 per 1000 sessions, whereas it
      occurred in 1.6 per 1000 sessions in the standard heparin group (P < 0.05). Mild
      to moderate partial clotting in the venous drip chamber and in the dialyzer was
      evaluated in a subset of patients, on a visual scale. It was more frequent in the
      experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.001). Platelets, haemoglobin
      levels, erythropoietin needs and dialyzer performances remained unchanged in both
      groups. The global mean death rate was 16.8% per year and did not differ
      significantly between groups. CONCLUSION: The use of the heparin-coated AN69 ST
      membrane allows a 50% reduction of standard doses of nonfractionated heparin
      administration for routine haemo- dialysis without increasing the risk of massive
      clotting of the extracorporeal circuit. This result needs confirmation since
      massive clotting questions clinical practice and is team dependent.

PMID- 18156458
TI  - Altered fibrin clot properties in patients on long-term haemodialysis: relation
      to cardiovascular mortality.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Haemodialysis patients are at an increased risk of cardiovascular
      (CV) morbidity and mortality. Both end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and
      thromboembolic coronary events have been shown to be associated with the
      formation of dense fibrin clots resistant to fibrinolysis. The aim of the present
      study was to investigate the effect of long-term haemodialysis on clot
      structure/function and analyse an influence of markers of inflammation, oxidative
      stress and lipoprotein(a). We sought also to investigate if clot features might
      be related to CV events and mortality in haemodialysis patients. Subjects and
      methods. In 33 patients (19 males, 14 females), aged 27 to 89 years, on long-term
      haemodialysis and 33 age- and sex-matched apparently healthy controls, we
      investigated fibrin clot properties and susceptibility to lysis using recombinant
      tissue plasminogen activator by using permeation and turbidity assays. RESULTS:
      Haemodialysis patients produced fibrin clots that had less porous structure (P <
      0.0001) were less susceptible to fibrinolysis (P < 0.0001), began fibrin
      protofibril formation more quickly (P < 0.0001) and showed increased overall
      fibre thickness (P < 0.0001) compared with controls. Clot permeability and lysis
      time correlated with F2-isoprostanes (P < 0.01), Lp(a) (P < 0.0001) and
      fibrinogen (P < 0.01). None of the clot variables showed associations with the
      duration of haemodialysis treatment or the cause of ESRD. During a 36-month
      follow-up, 10 CV deaths were recorded. Mortality was associated with reduced clot
      permeability (P < 0.0001), prolonged lysis time (P < 0.0001), faster fibrin
      protofibril formation (P = 0.0004), thicker fibres (P < 0.0001) and increased
      fibrin clot mass (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Unfavourably altered clot properties
      can be detected in haemodialysis patients and may be associated with increased CV
      mortality.

PMID- 18156459
TI  - A differential diagnostic model of diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal
      diseases.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Renal diseases in diabetes include diabetic nephropathies (DN) and
      non-diabetic renal diseases (NDRD). The clinical differentiation between these
      two categories is usually not so clear and effective. This study aims to develop
      a quantified differential diagnostic model. METHODS: We consecutively screened
      the diabetic patients with overt proteinuria but no severe renal failure for
      kidney biopsy from 1993 to 2003. The finally enrolled 110 patients were divided
      into two groups according to pathological features (60 in DN group and 50 in NDRD
      group). Clinical and laboratory data were compared between two groups. Then a
      diagnostic model was developed based on the logistic regression analysis.
      RESULTS: Forty-six percent of patients were NDRD including a variety of
      pathological types. Many differences between DN and NDRD were found by comparison
      of the clinical indices. In the final logistic regression analysis, only diabetes
      duration (Dm), systolic blood pressure (Bp), HbA1c (Gh), haematuria (Hu) and
      diabetic retinopathy (Dr) showed statistical significance. Based on the logistic
      regression model: pi = e(z)/(1 + e(z)), a diagnostic model was constructed as
      follows: P(DN) = exp(-13.5922 + 0.0371Dm + 0.0395Bp + 0.3224Gh - 4.4552Hu +
      2.9613Dr)/ [1 + exp(-13.5922 + 0.0371Dm + 0.0395Bp + 0.3224Gh - 4.4552Hu +
      2.9613Dr)]. P(DN) was the probability of DN diagnosis (P(DN) >or= 0.5 as DN,
      P(DN) < 0.5 as NDRD). Validation tests showed that this model had good
      sensitivity (90%) and specificity (92%). CONCLUSIONS: This diagnostic model may
      be helpful to clinical differentiation of DN and NDRD in type 2 diabetic patients
      with overt proteinuria.

PMID- 18156460
TI  - Association between body mass index and chronic kidney disease in men and women:
      population-based study of Malay adults in Singapore.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In contrast to previous studies from western populations, studies
      from Japan reported a positive association between body mass index (BMI) and
      chronic kidney disease (CKD) among men but not women. In this context, we
      examined the relationship between BMI and CKD, by gender, in a study of Malay
      adults from Singapore. METHODS: This was a population-based cross-sectional
      sample of adults (n = 2783, 53% women, aged 49-80 years), free of clinical
      cardiovascular disease. The outcome of interest was presence of CKD [estimated
      glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) (n = 517)]. The
      statistical methods used were logistic and nonparametric logistic regressions.
      RESULTS: Higher BMI levels were found to be positively associated with CKD among
      Malay men. Among men, compared to BMI quartile 1 (<23 kg/m(2)), the multivariable
      odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence intervals (CI)] of CKD was 3.12 (1.97-4.94) in
      quartile 2 (23-24.9 kg/m(2)), 2.49 (1.63-3.79) in quartile 3 (25-29.9 kg/m(2))
      and 3.70 (2.13-6.42) in quartile 4 (>or=30 kg/m(2)); P-trend < 0.0001. In
      contrast, among women BMI levels were not associated with CKD; P-trend = 0.32. In
      nonparametric models, among men, the observed positive association between BMI
      and CKD appeared to be present across the full range of BMI values, without any
      threshold. In contrast, among women, results from nonparametric models were
      consistent with the conclusion of a lack of association between BMI and CKD.
      CONCLUSIONS: Higher BMI levels were positively associated with CKD among men but
      not women in a population-based study from Singapore. These results are
      consistent with the hypothesis of a male gender-specific association between BMI
      and CKD among Asians.

PMID- 18156461
TI  - Presence of autoantibodies against tubular and uveal cells in a patient with
      tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome.

PMID- 18156462
TI  - Highly concentrated calcitriol and its analogues induce apoptosis of parathyroid
      cells and regression of the hyperplastic gland--study in rats.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Controlling hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland (PTG) is important
      in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Regression of the
      hyperplastic PTG requires a decrease in the number of parathyroid cells (PTCs),
      so the present study investigated cell death caused by toxic agents or by
      clinically usable vitamin D metabolites. METHODS: The PTGs of Sprague-Dawley
      rats, which had been 5/6-nephrectomized and fed a high-phosphate diet for 12
      weeks, were treated with two consecutive direct injections (DI) of calcitriol,
      maxacalcitol, paricalcitol, doxercalciferol or phosphate-buffered saline
      containing either 0.01% or 90% ethanol (0.01-ET or 90-ET, respectively).
      Laboratory data, including serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (intact
      PTH), were obtained before and after the treatments. The PTGs were excised 24 h
      after the final injection and evaluated for PTC apoptosis using light and
      electron microscopy, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end
      labelling (TUNEL) method and DNA electrophoresis. RESULTS: Treatment with any of
      the vitamin D metabolites and 90-ET significantly decreased the serum intact-PTH
      level, but only the latter significantly decreased the serum Ca level. Either
      treatment markedly increased the number of TUNEL-positive PTCs, but not in PTG
      treated with 0.01-ET. In PTGs treated with DI of any vitamin D metabolites was
      there ladder formation on DNA electrophoresis, as well as the characteristic
      morphological features of apoptosis in both the light and electron microscopic
      studies. CONCLUSIONS: DI of vitamin D metabolites may be effective in controlling
      not only the PTH level, but also PTG hyperplasia, in advanced SHPT by, at least
      in part, apoptosis-induced cell death. Our study was performed in rats.

PMID- 18156463
TI  - Identification and design of peptides as a new drug delivery system for the
      brain.
AB  - By controlling access to the brain, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the
      entry of proteins and potential drugs to cerebral tissues. We demonstrate here
      the transcytosis ability of aprotinin and peptides derived from Kunitz domains
      using an in vitro model of the BBB and in situ brain perfusion. Aprotinin
      transcytosis across bovine brain capillary endothelial cell (BBCEC) monolayers is
      at least 10-fold greater than that of holo-transferrin. Sucrose permeability was
      unaffected by high concentrations of aprotinin, indicating that transcytosis of
      aprotinin was unrelated to changes in the BBCEC monolayer integrity. Alignment of
      the amino acid sequence of aprotinin with the Kunitz domains of human proteins
      allowed the identification and design of a family of peptides, named Angiopeps.
      These peptides, and in particular Angiopep-2, exhibit higher transcytosis
      capacity and parenchyma accumulation than aprotinin. Overall, these results
      suggest that these Kunitz-derived peptides could be advantageously used as a new
      brain delivery system for pharmacological agents that do not readily enter the
      brain.

PMID- 18156464
TI  - In vivo beta-secretase 1 inhibition leads to brain Abeta lowering and increased
      alpha-secretase processing of amyloid precursor protein without effect on
      neuregulin-1.
AB  - beta-Secretase (BACE) cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) is one of the
      first steps in the production of amyloid beta peptide Abeta42, the putative
      neurotoxic species in Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have shown that BACE1
      knockdown leads to hypomyelination, putatively caused by a decline in neuregulin
      (NRG)-1 processing. In this study, we have tested a potent cell-permeable BACE1
      inhibitor (IC(50) approximately 30 nM) by administering it directly into the
      lateral ventricles of mice, expressing human wild-type (WT)-APP, to determine the
      consequences of BACE1 inhibition on brain APP and NRG-1 processing. BACE1
      inhibition, in vivo, led to a significant dose- and time-dependent lowering of
      brain Abeta40 and Abeta42. BACE1 inhibition also led to a robust brain secreted
      (s)APPbeta lowering that was accompanied by an increase in brain sAPPalpha
      levels. Although an increase in full-length NRG-1 levels was evident in 15-day
      old BACE1 homozygous knockout (KO) (-/-) mice, in agreement with previous
      studies, this effect was also observed in 15-day-old heterozygous (+/-) mice, but
      it was not evident in 30-day-old and 2-year-old BACE1 KO (-/-) mice. Thus, BACE1
      knockdown led to a transient decrease in NRG-1 processing in mice.
      Pharmacological inhibition of BACE1 in adult mice, which led to significant Abeta
      lowering, was without any significant effect on brain NRG-1 processing. Taken
      together, these results suggest that BACE1 is the major beta-site cleavage enzyme
      for APP and that its inhibition can lower brain Abeta and redirect APP processing
      via the potentially nonamyloidogenic alpha-secretase pathway, without
      significantly altering NRG-1 processing.

PMID- 18156466
TI  - DNA inhibits catalysis by the carboxyltransferase subunit of acetyl-CoA
      carboxylase: implications for active site communication.
AB  - Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the first committed step in the synthesis
      of long-chain fatty acids. The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli
      carboxyltransferase component of ACC revealed an alpha(2)beta(2) subunit
      composition with two active sites and, most importantly, a unique zinc domain in
      each alphabeta pair that is absent in the eukaryotic enzyme. We show here that
      carboxyltransferase binds DNA. Half-maximal saturation of different single
      stranded or double-stranded DNA constructs is seen at 0.5-1.0 muM, and binding is
      cooperative and nonspecific. The substrates (malonyl-CoA and biocytin) inhibit
      DNA:carboxyltransferase complex formation. More significantly, single-stranded
      DNA, double-stranded DNA, and heparin inhibit the reaction catalyzed by
      carboxyltransferase, with single-stranded DNA and heparin acting as competitive
      inhibitors. However, double-inhibition experiments revealed that both DNA and
      heparin can bind the enzyme in the presence of a bisubstrate analog (BiSA), and
      the binding of BiSA has a very weak synergistic effect on the binding of the
      second inhibitor (DNA or heparin) and vice versa. In contrast, DNA and heparin
      can also bind to the enzyme simultaneously, but the binding of either molecule
      has a strong synergistic effect on binding of the other. An important mechanistic
      implication of these observations is that the dual active sites of ACC are
      functionally connected.

PMID- 18156467
TI  - Folding thermodynamics and kinetics of the leucine-rich repeat domain of the
      virulence factor Internalin B.
AB  - Although the folding of alpha-helical repeat proteins has been well
      characterized, much less is known about the folding of repeat proteins containing
      beta-sheets. Here we investigate the folding thermodynamics and kinetics of the
      leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of Internalin B (InlB), an extracellular
      virulence factor from the bacterium Lysteria monocytogenes. This domain contains
      seven tandem leucine-rich repeats, of which each contribute a single beta-strand
      that forms a continuous beta-sheet with neighboring repeats, and an N-terminal
      alpha-helical capping motif. Despite its modular structure, InlB folds in an
      equilibrium two-state manner, as reflected by the identical thermodynamic
      parameters obtained by monitoring its sigmoidal urea-induced unfolding transition
      by different spectroscopic probes. Although equilibrium two-state folding is
      common in alpha-helical repeat proteins, to date, InlB is the only beta-sheet
      containing repeat protein for which this behavior is observed. Surprisingly,
      unlike other repeat proteins exhibiting equilibrium two-state folding, InlB also
      folds by a simple two-state kinetic mechanism lacking intermediates, aside from
      the effects of prolyl isomerization on the denatured state. However, like other
      repeat proteins, InlB also folds significantly more slowly than expected from
      contact order. When plotted against urea, the rate constants for the fast
      refolding and single unfolding phases constitute a linear chevron that, when
      fitted with a kinetic two-state model, yields thermodynamic parameters matching
      those observed for equilibrium folding. Based on these kinetic parameters, the
      transition state is estimated to comprise 40% of the total surface area buried
      upon folding, indicating that a large fraction of the native contacts are formed
      in the rate-limiting step to folding.

PMID- 18156468
TI  - Identification of transient hub proteins and the possible structural basis for
      their multiple interactions.
AB  - Proteins that can interact with multiple partners play central roles in the
      network of protein-protein interactions. They are called hub proteins, and
      recently it was suggested that an abundance of intrinsically disordered regions
      on their surfaces facilitates their binding to multiple partners. However, in
      those studies, the hub proteins were identified as proteins with multiple
      partners, regardless of whether the interactions were transient or permanent. As
      a result, a certain number of hub proteins are subunits of stable multi-subunit
      proteins, such as supramolecules. It is well known that stable complexes and
      transient complexes have different structural features, and thus the statistics
      based on the current definition of hub proteins will hide the true nature of hub
      proteins. Therefore, in this paper, we first describe a new approach to identify
      proteins with multiple partners dynamically, using the Protein Data Bank, and
      then we performed statistical analyses of the structural features of these
      proteins. We refer to the proteins as transient hub proteins or sociable
      proteins, to clarify the difference with hub proteins. As a result, we found that
      the main difference between sociable and nonsociable proteins is not the
      abundance of disordered regions, in contrast to the previous studies, but rather
      the structural flexibility of the entire protein. We also found greater
      predominance of charged and polar residues in sociable proteins than previously
      reported.

PMID- 18156469
TI  - Contributions of a disulfide bond to the structure, stability, and dimerization
      of human IgG1 antibody CH3 domain.
AB  - Recombinant human monoclonal antibodies have become important protein-based
      therapeutics for the treatment of various diseases. The antibody structure is
      complex, consisting of beta-sheet rich domains stabilized by multiple disulfide
      bridges. The dimerization of the C(H)3 domain in the constant region of the heavy
      chain plays a pivotal role in the assembly of an antibody. This domain contains a
      single buried, highly conserved disulfide bond. This disulfide bond was not
      required for dimerization, since a recombinant human C(H)3 domain, even in the
      reduced state, existed as a dimer. Spectroscopic analyses showed that the
      secondary and tertiary structures of reduced and oxidized C(H)3 dimer were
      similar, but differences were observed. The reduced C(H)3 dimer was less stable
      than the oxidized form to denaturation by guanidinium chloride (GdmCl), pH, or
      heat. Equilibrium sedimentation revealed that the reduced dimer dissociated at
      lower GdmCl concentration than the oxidized form. This implies that the disulfide
      bond shifts the monomer-dimer equilibrium. Interestingly, the dimer-monomer
      dissociation transition occurred at lower GdmCl concentration than the unfolding
      transition. Thus, disulfide bond formation in the human C(H)3 domain is important
      for stability and dimerization. Here we show the importance of the role played by
      the disulfide bond and how it affects the stability and monomer-dimer equilibrium
      of the human C(H)3 domain. Hence, these results may have implications for the
      stability of the intact antibody.

PMID- 18156470
TI  - Crystal structure of 5-methylthioribose 1-phosphate isomerase product complex
      from Bacillus subtilis: implications for catalytic mechanism.
AB  - The methionine salvage pathway (MSP) plays a crucial role in recycling a
      sulphahydryl derivative of the nucleoside. Recently, the genes and reactions in
      MSP from Bacillus subtilis have been identified, where 5-methylthioribose 1
      phosphate isomerase (M1Pi) catalyzes a conversion of 5-methylthioribose 1
      phosphate (MTR-1-P) to 5-methylthioribulose 1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P). Herein, we
      report the crystal structures of B. subtilis M1Pi (Bs-M1Pi) in complex with its
      product MTRu-1-P, and a sulfate at 2.4 and 2.7 A resolution, respectively. The
      electron density clearly shows the presence of each compound in the active site.
      The structural comparison with other homologous proteins explains how the
      substrate uptake of Bs-M1Pi may be induced by an open/closed transition of the
      active site. The highly conserved residues at the active site, namely, Cys160 and
      Asp240 are most likely to be involved in catalysis. The structural analysis sheds
      light on its catalytic mechanism of M1Pi.

PMID- 18156471
TI  - Selenoproteinless animals: selenophosphate synthetase SPS1 functions in a pathway
      unrelated to selenocysteine biosynthesis.
AB  - Proteins containing the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), have been
      described in all three domains of life, but the composition of selenoproteomes in
      organisms varies significantly. Here, we report that aquatic arthropods possess
      many selenoproteins also detected in other animals and unicellular eukaryotes,
      and that most of these proteins were either lost or replaced with cysteine
      containing homologs in insects. As a result of this selective selenoproteome
      reduction, fruit flies and mosquitoes have three known selenoproteins, and the
      honeybee, Apis mellifera, a single detected candidate selenoprotein. Moreover, we
      identified the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and the silkworm, Bombyx
      mori, as the first animals that lack any Sec-containing proteins. These insects
      also lost the Sec biosynthesis and insertion machinery, but selenophosphate
      synthetase 1 (SPS1), an enzyme previously implicated in Sec biosynthesis, is
      present in all insects, including T. castaneum and B. mori. These data indicate
      that SPS1 functions in a pathway unrelated to selenoprotein synthesis. Since SPS1
      evolved from a protein that utilizes selenium for Sec biosynthesis, an attractive
      possibility is that SPS1 may define a new pathway of selenium utilization in
      animals.

PMID- 18156472
TI  - Protein folding transition states probed by loop extension.
AB  - We propose a new way to characterize protein folding transition states by (1)
      insertion of one or more residues into an unstructured protein loop, (2)
      measurement of the effect on protein folding kinetics and thermodynamics, and (3)
      analysis of the results in terms of a rate-equilibrium free energy relationship,
      alpha(Loop). alpha(Loop) reports on the fraction of molecules that form the
      perturbed loop in the transition state. Interpretation of the changes in
      equilibrium free energy using standard polymer theory can help detect residual
      structure in the unfolded state. We illustrate our approach with data for the
      model proteins CI2 and the alpha spectrin SH3 domain.

PMID- 18156473
TI  - Every disabled child matters--but do they all benefit from benefits?

PMID- 18156474
TI  - Complaints in child protection.

PMID- 18156475
TI  - Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis: evidence for benefit.

PMID- 18156476
TI  - Safeguarding, child protection and mental health.
AB  - The term "safeguarding" is widely used but its meaning and its relationship to
      child protection have not been precisely defined. It is a more inclusive concept
      than child protection and emphasises not only the diagnosis and management of
      child abuse as conventionally understood but also the importance of recognising
      children in distress and intervening where possible to prevent a range of adverse
      outcomes. Achieving these goals will depend in part on greater awareness and more
      extensive training in psychosocial issues and the mental health of children and
      young people, and their parents.

PMID- 18156477
TI  - Preventing or accelerating emergency care for children with complex healthcare
      needs.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: A subgroup of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) have
      chronic and complex medical conditions and frequently attend the emergency
      department (ED). Some of these ED visits could be prevented through appropriate
      clinician advice or, if an ED visit is unavoidable, the management time could be
      decreased. We set out to determine whether an ED-based advice and coordination
      programme was feasible and could prevent or accelerate ED care for these
      patients. METHODS, SETTING AND PATIENTS: We identified CSHCN who frequently
      attended the ED at a large tertiary children's hospital. These patients were
      enrolled in an ED-based coordination programme, the Accelerated Care through
      Emergency (ACE) programme providing 24-hour mobile-phone access to experienced ED
      nurses. We prospectively tracked usage patterns and determined the rate of ED
      visits after receiving phone advice and the waiting time for patients to be seen
      in ED. Parental satisfaction and cost of the programme were also assessed.
      RESULTS: After a pilot phase in 2002, enrollment in the programme increased from
      125 in 2003 to 220 patients in 2006. Patients had a broad range of medical
      conditions. All had two or more and up to 22 medical services involved in their
      care. 80% of patients used a technical device or implant. Phone calls increased
      from an initial average of 31 per month in 2003 (0.24 calls per participant) to
      66 per month in 2006 (0.3 calls per participant), 60% of which were after hours.
      The percentage of ED reviews per phone call dropped from an initial 74.2% (95% CI
      55.2%-88.1%) in 2003 to 50.0% (95% CI 37.4%-62.5%) in 2006 (p = 0.02). However,
      decreases in ED visits and admissions as a percentage of enrolled patients and as
      a percentage of phone calls to ACE staff were not statistically significant. Mean
      waiting time for enrolled patients remained below 30 minutes. Parent satisfaction
      with the programme was rated 8.3 on a 0-10 scale (0 meaning poor, 10 meaning
      excellent). The approximate cost of the programme per child was AU$750 (292
      pounds sterling) per year. CONCLUSION: We have developed a coordinated approach
      towards the provision of healthcare for a group of families with diverse severe
      chronic medical conditions who frequently present to the ED. Through a
      comprehensive programme including the development of patient-care plans, care
      coordination and 24-hour mobile-phone access we were able to enhance families'
      capacities to manage their children's conditions in the community.

PMID- 18156478
TI  - Topical lignocaine for pain relief in acute otitis media: results of a double
      blind placebo-controlled randomised trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Acute otitis media (AOM) is common in children, yet the optimal
      management of ear pain associated with AOM has not been well studied. We set out
      to determine the efficacy of topical aqueous 2% lignocaine eardrops compared with
      a placebo (saline) for pain relief of AOM in children. DESIGN: Double-blind,
      randomised, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Tertiary children's hospital
      emergency department. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Children aged between 3 and 17
      years with earache and AOM without evidence of perforation were eligible.
      Patients were randomised to receive either 2% lignocaine or saline eardrops
      (placebo). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain scores were measured before and after ear
      drop administration. Patient and physician-interpreted pain scores were measured
      by using the Bieri faces pain scale and visual analogue scale at 10, 20 and 30
      minutes. The primary outcome measure was reduction in patient-measured pain
      scores by 50% from the baseline. Secondary outcome measures were reduction in
      patient-measured pain scores by 25% or by at least two points. Telephone follow
      up occurred after 1 day and 1 week. Analysis was by intention to treat. RESULTS:
      63 children (31 were treated with lignocaine, 32 with placebo) aged 3 to 12 years
      were enrolled. The groups were demographically and clinically similar, with
      similar proportions having received analgesia in the preceding 4 hours. Children
      receiving lignocaine showed significantly lower patient-measured pain scores with
      a reduction by 50% from baseline at 10 minutes (RR 2.06, 95% CI 1.03-4.11, p =
      0.03) and 30 minutes (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.07-1.93, p = 0.009) but not at 20 minutes
      (RR 1.35 95% CI 0.88-2.06). The response to lignocaine treatment showed
      significantly lower patient-measured pain scores for 25% reduction at all time
      points and for two-point reduction at 10 minutes and favoured lignocaine at 20
      minutes and 30 minutes without reaching statistical significance. There were no
      serious adverse events during the 30 minute follow-up period. CONCLUSION: This
      study suggests that topical aqueous 2% lignocaine eardrops provide rapid relief
      for many young children presenting with ear pain attributed to AOM. The
      concurrent use of simple oral analgesia is a likely contributor to effective
      management of this painful childhood condition.

PMID- 18156479
TI  - The aetiology and treatment of developmental stammering in childhood.

PMID- 18156480
TI  - Management of positional plagiocephaly.

PMID- 18156481
TI  - Sleep duration and metabolic dysregulation in overweight children and
      adolescents.

PMID- 18156482
TI  - Inhalation with spacer.

PMID- 18156484
TI  - A very useful new statistical method.

PMID- 18156489
TI  - Long-term maintenance of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by expression
      of BMI1.
AB  - The polycomb group (PcG) gene BMI1 has been identified as one of the key
      epigenetic regulators of cell fates during different stages of development in
      multiple murine tissues. In a clinically relevant model, we demonstrate that
      enforced expression of BMI1 in cord blood CD34(+) cells results in long-term
      maintenance and self-renewal of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
      Long-term culture-initiating cell frequencies were increased upon stable
      expression of BMI1 and these cells engrafted more efficiently in NOD-SCID mice.
      Week 5 cobblestone area-forming cells (CAFCs) were replated to give rise to
      secondary CAFCs. Serial transplantation studies in NOD-SCID mice revealed that
      secondary engraftment was only achieved with cells overexpressing BMI1.
      Importantly, BMI1-transduced cells proliferated in stroma-free cytokine-dependent
      cultures for more than 20 weeks, while a stable population of approximately 1% to
      5% of CD34(+) cells was preserved that retained colony-forming capacity. Whereas
      control cells lost most of their NOD-SCID engraftment potential after 10 days of
      ex vivo culturing in absence of stroma, NOD-SCID multilineage engraftment was
      retained by overexpression of BMI1. Thus, our data indicate that self-renewal of
      human hematopoietic stem cells is enhanced by BMI1, and we classify BMI1 as an
      intrinsic regulator of human stem/progenitor cell self-renewal.

PMID- 18156490
TI  - U1-snRNA-mediated rescue of mRNA processing in severe factor VII deficiency.
AB  - Small nuclear U1-RNAs (snRNAs), the spliceosome components selectively
      recognizing donor splice sites (5'ss), were engineered to restore correct mRNA
      processing in a cellular model of severe coagulation factor VII (FVII)
      deficiency, caused by the IVS7 9726 + 5g/a change. Three U1-snRNAs, complementary
      to the mutated 5'ss (U1 + 5a) or to neighboring sequences were expressed with
      FVII minigenes in a hepatoma cell line. The U1-snRNAs reduced from 80% to 40% the
      exon 7 skipping, thus increasing exon definition. The U1 + 5a construct also
      dramatically increased recognition of the correct 5'ss over the 37-bp downstream
      cryptic site preferentially activated by the mutation, thus inducing appreciable
      synthesis of normal transcripts (from barely detectable to 50%). This effect,
      which was dose-dependent, clearly demonstrated that impaired recognition by the
      U1-snRNA was the mechanism responsible for FVII deficiency. These findings
      suggest compensatory U1-snRNAs as therapeutic tools in coagulation factor
      deficiencies caused by mutations at 5'ss, a frequent cause of severe defects.

PMID- 18156491
TI  - The MMSET protein is a histone methyltransferase with characteristics of a
      transcriptional corepressor.
AB  - MMSET, identified by its fusion to the IgH locus in t(4;14)-associated multiple
      myeloma, possesses domains found within chromatin regulators, including the SET
      domain. MMSET protein is overexpressed and highly associated with chromatin in
      myeloma cell lines carrying t(4;14). MMSET possesses methyltransferase activity
      for core histone H3 lysine 4 and histone 4 lysine 20, whereas MMSET made in cells
      only modified H4. Segments of MMSET fused to the Gal4 DNA binding domain
      repressed transcription of a chromatin-embedded Gal4 reporter gene. MMSET
      mediated repression was associated with increased H4K20 methylation gene and loss
      of histone acetylation. Consistent with this repressive activity, MMSET could
      form a complex with HDAC1 and HDAC2, mSin3a, and the histone demethylase LSD1,
      suggesting that it is a component of corepressor complexes. Furthermore, MMSET
      coexpression enhances HDAC1- and HDAC2-mediated repression in transcriptional
      reporter assays. Finally, shRNA-mediated knockdown of MMSET compromised viability
      of a myeloma cell line, suggesting a biologic role for the protein in malignant
      cell growth. Collectively, these data suggest that, by acting directly as a
      modifier of chromatin as well as through binding of other chromatin-modifying
      enzymes, MMSET influences gene expression and potentially acts as a pathogenic
      agent in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 18156492
TI  - Impact of cytogenetics on the outcome of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia:
      results of Southwest Oncology Group 9400 study.
AB  - We examined the prognostic impact of cytogenetics on the outcome of 200 acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients 15 to 65 years of age enrolled in Southwest
      Oncology Group (SWOG)-9400 study. Evaluable cytogenetics or fluorescence in situ
      hybridization studies were available in 140 (70%) patients. Four karyotype
      categories (normal [n = 31, 22%], t(9;22)/BCR/ABL1 [n = 36, 26%], other
      unfavorable [-7, +8, or 11q23 rearrangement, n = 19, 13%], and miscellaneous [n =
      54, 39%]) and the biologically and clinically relevant ALL ploidy subgroups were
      prospectively defined. Overall survival (OS) decreased significantly with
      increasing age (P = .009) and varied with karyotype category (P < .001). OS was
      worst for t(9;22)/BCR/ABL1 followed by other unfavorable karyotypes, with hazard
      ratios (HR) of 3.45 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.88-6.31) and 2.14 (95% CI,
      1.04-4.04), respectively, compared with normal diploid group. OS of the
      miscellaneous group was similar to that of the normal diploid group (HR = 0.82;
      95% CI, 0.44-1.53). Relapse-free survival (RFS) was not significantly associated
      with age (P = .30) but was heterogeneous among karyotype categories (P < .001)
      primarily because of poor RFS in t(9;22)/BCR/ABL1 (HR = 3.49; 95% CI, 1.80-6.75)
      compared with the normal diploid group. After accounting for the variation among
      karyotype groups, age was not a significant prognostic factor for OS or RFS,
      highlighting cytogenetics as the most important prognostic factor in adult ALL.
      This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT00002665.

PMID- 18156493
TI  - IL6/sIL6R complex contributes to emergency granulopoietic responses in G-CSF- and
      GM-CSF-deficient mice.
AB  - Mice defective in both granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and
      granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have severely impaired
      neutrophil production and function, yet these mice respond to acute pathogen
      challenge with a significant neutrophil response. We have recently reported the
      development of an in vitro system to detect granulopoietic cytokines secreted
      from cells isolated from G-CSF, GM-CSF double knockout mice. The conditioned
      media produced by these cells after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide or
      Candida albicans supports the production and differentiation of granulocytes (ie,
      the conditioned media contains neutrophil promoting activity [NPA]). We now show
      that the NPA in the G-CSF(-/-)/GM-CSF(-/-) conditioned media requires interleukin
      6 (IL6), is abolished by soluble gp130, and can be specifically immunodepleted by
      an anti-IL6R antibody. NPA effects on bone marrow cells are also mimicked by
      Hyper-IL6, and the soluble IL6R is present in NPA. These results show that the
      IL6/sIL6R complex is the major effector of NPA. NPA production by mice defective
      for both G-CSF and GM-CSF uncovers an alternative pathway to granulocyte
      production, which is activated after exposure to pathogens.

PMID- 18156494
TI  - Gas6 promotes inflammation by enhancing interactions between endothelial cells,
      platelets, and leukocytes.
AB  - The role of Gas6 in endothelial cell (EC) function remains incompletely
      characterized. Here we report that Gas6 amplifies EC activation in response to
      inflammatory stimuli in vitro. In vivo, Gas6 promotes and accelerates the
      sequestration of circulating platelets and leukocytes on activated endothelium as
      well as the formation and endothelial sequestration of circulating platelet
      leukocyte conjugates. In addition, Gas6 promotes leukocyte extravasation,
      inflammation, and thrombosis in mouse models of inflammation (endotoxinemia,
      vasculitis, heart transplantation). Thus, Gas6 amplifies EC activation, thereby
      playing a key role in enhancing the interactions between ECs, platelets, and
      leukocytes during inflammation.

PMID- 18156496
TI  - BMS-214662 potently induces apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia stem and
      progenitor cells and synergizes with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
AB  - Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a hematopoietic stem-cell disorder, cannot be
      eradicated by conventional chemotherapy or the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib
      mesylate (IM). To target CML stem/progenitor cells, we investigated BMS-214662, a
      cytotoxic farnesyltransferase inhibitor, previously reported to kill
      nonproliferating tumor cells. IM or dasatinib alone reversibly arrested
      proliferation of CML stem/progenitor cells without inducing apoptosis. In
      contrast, BMS-214662, alone or in combination with IM or dasatinib, potently
      induced apoptosis of both proliferating and quiescent CML stem/progenitor cells
      with less than 1% recovery of Philadelphia-positive long-term culture-initiating
      cells. Normal stem/progenitor cells were relatively spared by BMS-214662,
      suggesting selectivity for leukemic stem/progenitor cells. The ability to induce
      selective apoptosis of leukemic stem/progenitor cells was unique to BMS-214662
      and not seen with a structurally similar agent BMS-225975. BMS-214662 was
      cytotoxic against CML blast crisis stem/progenitor cells, particularly in
      combination with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and equally effective in cell lines
      harboring wild-type vs mutant BCR-ABL, including the T315I mutation. This is the
      first report of an agent with activity in resistant and blast crisis CML that
      selectively kills CML stem/progenitor cells through apoptosis and offers
      potential for eradication of chronic phase CML.

PMID- 18156495
TI  - Activin-A: a novel dendritic cell-derived cytokine that potently attenuates CD40
      ligand-specific cytokine and chemokine production.
AB  - Activin-A is a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily member that
      plays a pivotal role in many developmental and reproductive processes. It is also
      involved in neuroprotection, apoptosis of tumor and some immune cells, wound
      healing, and cancer. Its role as an immune-regulating protein has not previously
      been described. Here we demonstrate for the first time that activin-A has potent
      autocrine effects on the capacity of human dendritic cells (DCs) to stimulate
      immune responses. Human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) and the CD1c(+) and CD123(+)
      peripheral blood DC populations express both activin-A and the type I and II
      activin receptors. Furthermore, MoDCs and CD1c(+) myeloid DCs rapidly secrete
      high levels of activin-A after exposure to bacteria, specific toll-like receptor
      (TLR) ligands, or CD40 ligand (CD40L). Blocking autocrine activin-A signaling in
      DCs using its antagonist, follistatin, enhanced DC cytokine (IL-6, IL-10, IL
      12p70, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha]) and chemokine (IL-8, IP-10,
      RANTES, and MCP-1) production during CD40L stimulation, but not TLR-4 ligation.
      Moreover, antagonizing DC-derived activin-A resulted in significantly enhanced
      expansion of viral antigen-specific effector CD8(+) T cells. These findings
      establish an immune-regulatory role for activin-A in DCs, highlighting the
      potential of antagonizing activin-A signaling in vivo to enhance vaccine
      immunogenicity.

PMID- 18156497
TI  - Genetic endothelial systems biology of sickle stroke risk.
AB  - Genetic differences in endothelial biology could underlie development of
      phenotypic heterogeneity among persons afflicted with vascular diseases. We
      obtained blood outgrowth endothelial cells from 20 subjects with sickle cell
      anemia (age, 4-19 years) shown to be either at-risk (n=11) or not-at-risk (n=9)
      for ischemic stroke because of, respectively, having or not having occlusive
      disease at the circle of Willis. Gene expression profiling identified no
      significant single gene differences between the 2 groups, as expected. However,
      analysis of Biological Systems Scores, using gene sets that were predetermined to
      survey each of 9 biologic systems, showed that only changes in inflammation
      signaling are characteristic of the at-risk subjects, as supported by multiple
      statistical approaches. Correspondingly, subsequent biologic testing showed
      significantly exaggerated RelA activation on the part of blood outgrowth
      endothelial cells from the at-risk subjects in response to stimulation with
      interleukin-1beta/tumor necrosis factoralpha. We conclude that the pathobiology
      of circle of Willis disease in the child with sickle cell anemia predominantly
      involves inflammation biology, which could reflect differences in genetically
      determined endothelial biology that account for differing host responses to
      inflammation.

PMID- 18156498
TI  - Expansion of immunoglobulin autoreactive T-helper cells in multiple myeloma.
AB  - Activation and expansion of T helper (Th) cells followed by regulation of
      activation are essential to the generation of immune responses while limiting
      concomitant autoreactivity. In order to characterize T cells reactive towards
      myeloma-derived monoclonal immunoglobulin (mIg), an autologous coculture assay
      for single-cell analysis of mIg-responding cells was developed. When cultured
      with dendritic cells loaded with mIg, CD4(+) Th cells from patients with
      progressing multiple myeloma (MM) showed a proliferative MHC class II-dependent
      response. CD8(+) T-cell reactivity and Th1 activation were consistently low or
      absent, and Th2 and regulatory cytokines were expressed. The presence of such non
      Th1 CD4(+) T cells in peripheral blood was independent of treatment status, while
      the frequencies of responding cells varied between patients and reached the same
      order of magnitude as those measured for tetanus toxoid-specific Th memory cells.
      Furthermore, investigations of T-cell subpopulations indicated a possible
      regulatory role on the mIg responsiveness mediated by suppressive
      CD25(high)FOXP3(+)CD4(+) T cells. It is proposed from the present results that a
      predominant in vivo activation of non-Th1 mIg-reactive CD4(+) T cells constitute
      an Ig-dependent autoregulatory mechanism in human MM, with possible tumor growth
      supporting or permissive effects.

PMID- 18156500
TI  - The American Society of Hematology: a success at age 50.
AB  - The American Society of Hematology (ASH) turns 50 years old in 2008, and we have
      much to celebrate. Over those years the Society established its principles: to
      promote both the art and science of hematology and to hold a high-quality
      Educational Meeting. ASH membership has grown from a few hundred curious
      attendees at a planning meeting in 1957 to more than 15,000 members today, and
      the annual meeting has grown from a scientific session of 5 papers at the
      planning meeting to more than 500 oral presentations and nearly 2,500 poster
      presentations at the 2007 meeting. The modern ASH promotes cutting-edge science,
      sponsors research by scholars from all over the globe, helps train the next
      generation of clinician-scientists, lobbies Congress and several other
      governmental agencies on behalf of its clinician and scientist members, and
      publishes the foremost scholarly journal in the field of hematology, Blood,
      designed to provide its readership with timely reviews, expert opinion on
      clinical hematology, practice-changing clinical trials, and insightful basic
      science. The next 50 years of ASH are likely to see many profound changes, but
      one thing is almost certain-our dedication to fostering clinical and scientific
      excellence in hematology will continue as the Society's raison d'etre.

PMID- 18156501
TI  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a historical perspective.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency serves as a prototype of the many
      human enzyme deficiencies that are now known. Since its discovery more than 50
      years ago, the high prevalence of the defect and the easy accessibility of the
      cells that manifest it have made it a favorite tool of biochemists,
      epidemiologists, geneticists, and molecular biologists as well as clinicians. In
      this brief historical review, we trace the discovery of this defect, its clinical
      manifestations, detection, population genetics, and molecular biology.

PMID- 18156502
TI  - Attack on the clones? Human FOXP3 detection by PCH101, 236A/E7, 206D, and 259D
      reveals 259D as the outlier with lower sensitivity.

PMID- 18156504
TI  - Prognostic assessment of BCL2-938C>A polymorphism in chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia.

PMID- 18156505
TI  - Continue to study childhood ALL.

PMID- 18156507
TI  - Linking affect to action: critical contributions of the orbitofrontal cortex.
      Preface.

PMID- 18156508
TI  - Linking affect to action: critical contributions of the orbitofrontal cortex,
      March 11-14, 2007, New York City, NY, USA. Proceedings and abstracts.

PMID- 18156509
TI  - Thick as thieves - the Norwegian medical association attempts to stifle ethical
      debate.

PMID- 18156510
TI  - "Allow natural death" versus "do not resuscitate": three words that can change a
      life.
AB  - Physician-written "do not resuscitate" DNR orders elicit negative reactions from
      stakeholders that may decrease appropriate end-of-life care. The semantic
      significance of the phrase has led to a proposed replacement of DNR with "allow
      natural death" (AND). Prior to this investigation, no scientific papers address
      the impact of such a change. Our results support this proposition due to
      increased likelihood of endorsement with the term AND.

PMID- 18156511
TI  - Developing the duty to treat: HIV, SARS, and the next epidemic.
AB  - SARS, like HIV, placed healthcare workers at risk and raised issues about the
      duty to treat. But philosophical accounts of the duty to treat that were
      developed in the context of HIV did not adequately address some of the ethical
      issues raised by SARS. Since the next epidemic may be more like SARS than HIV, it
      is important to illuminate these issues. In this paper, we sketch a general
      account of the duty to treat that arose in response to HIV. Our purpose is not to
      defend or criticise this account, but to show that it needs to be developed in
      order to address three important issues. The first issue concerns how risks
      should be distributed among healthcare professionals. The second issue concerns
      the conflicts that arise between professional duties and family duties. The third
      issue concerns the forms of support that societies owe healthcare workers during
      epidemics. Our descriptions of these issues are drawn from our experience of the
      SARS epidemic in Taiwan.

PMID- 18156512
TI  - Debating disability.
AB  - This paper responds to the reviews by Edwards, Holm, Koch, Thomas and Vehmas of
      Disability Rights and Wrongs (2006). After summarising the recent history of
      disability studies as a discipline, it explores: the political nature of
      disability research, questions of ontology and definition, and the uses and
      abuses of the expressivist argument. Disability is an emerging field of enquiry
      and constructive debate is to be welcomed.

PMID- 18156513
TI  - Disability: getting it "right".

PMID- 18156514
TI  - Is Tom Shakespeare disabled?

PMID- 18156515
TI  - Philosophy and science: the axes of evil in disability studies?

PMID- 18156516
TI  - The expressivist objection to prenatal diagnosis: can it be laid to rest?

PMID- 18156517
TI  - The impairment/disability distinction: a response to Shakespeare.
AB  - Tom Shakespeare's important new book includes, among other topics, a persuasive
      critique of the social model of disability. A key component in his case against
      that model consists in an argument against the impairment/disability distinction
      as this is understood within the social model. The present paper focuses on the
      case Shakespeare makes against that distinction. Three arguments mounted by
      Shakespeare are summarised and responded to. It is argued that the responses
      adequately rebut Shakespeare's case on this specific issue. Moreover, as the
      engagement with Shakespeare's argument illustrates, his claim to employ a
      critical realist perspective appears to be in considerable tension with the case
      he offers against the impairment/disability distinction.

PMID- 18156518
TI  - A role for doctors in assisted dying? An analysis of legal regulations and
      medical professional positions in six European countries.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To analyse legislation and medical professional positions concerning
      the doctor's role in assisted dying in western Europe, and to discuss their
      implications for doctors. METHOD: This paper is based on country-specific reports
      by experts from European countries where assisted dying is legalised (Belgium,
      The Netherlands), or openly practiced (Switzerland), or where it is illegal
      (Germany, Norway, UK). RESULTS: Laws on assisted dying in The Netherlands and
      Belgium are restricted to doctors. In principle, assisted suicide (but not
      euthanasia) is not illegal in either Germany or Switzerland, but a doctor's
      participation in Germany would violate the code of professional medical conduct
      and might contravene of a doctor's legal duty to save life. The Assisted Dying
      for the Terminally Ill Bill proposed in the UK in 2005 focused on doctors,
      whereas the Proposal on Assisted Dying of the Norwegian Penal Code Commission
      minority in 2002 did not. Professional medical organisations in all these
      countries except The Netherlands maintain the position that medical assistance in
      dying conflicts with the basic role of doctors. However, in Belgium and
      Switzerland, and for a time in the UK, these organisations dropped their
      opposition to new legislation. Today, they regard the issue as primarily a matter
      for society and politics. This "neutral" stance differs from the official
      position of the Royal Dutch Medical Association which has played a key role in
      developing the Dutch practice of euthanasia as a "medical end-of-life decision"
      since the 1970s. CONCLUSION: A society moving towards an open approach to
      assisted dying should carefully identify tasks to assign exclusively to medical
      doctors, and distinguish those possibly better performed by other professions.

PMID- 18156519
TI  - Lifestyle, responsibility and justice.

PMID- 18156520
TI  - Low risk research using routinely collected identifiable health information
      without informed consent: encounters with the Patient Information Advisory Group.
AB  - Current UK legislation is impacting upon the feasibility and cost-effectiveness
      of medical record-based research aimed at benefiting the NHS and the public
      heath. Whereas previous commentators have focused on the Data Protection Act
      1998, the Health and Social Care Act 2001 is the key legislation for public
      health researchers wishing to access medical records without written consent. The
      Act requires researchers to apply to the Patient Information Advisory Group
      (PIAG) for permission to access medical records without written permission. We
      present a case study of the work required to obtain the necessary permissions
      from PIAG in order to conduct a large scale public health research project. In
      our experience it took eight months to receive permission to access basic
      identifying information on individuals registered at general practices, and a
      decision on whether we could access clinical information in medical records
      without consent took 18 months. Such delays pose near insurmountable difficulties
      to grant funded research, and in our case 560,000pound of public and charitable
      money was spent on research staff while a large part of their work was prohibited
      until the third year of a three year grant. We conclude by arguing that many of
      the current problems could be avoided by returning PIAG's responsibilities to
      research ethics committees, and by allowing "opt-out" consent for many public
      health research projects.

PMID- 18156521
TI  - Effect of social support on informed consent in older adults with Parkinson
      disease and their caregivers.
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of social support on comprehension and recall of
      consent form information in a study of Parkinson disease patients and their
      caregivers. DESIGN AND METHODS: Comparison of comprehension and recall outcomes
      among participants who read and signed the consent form accompanied by a family
      member/friend versus those of participants who read and signed the consent form
      unaccompanied. Comprehension and recall of consent form information were measured
      at one week and one month respectively, using Part A of the Quality of Informed
      Consent Questionnaire (QuIC). RESULTS: The mean age of the sample of 143
      participants was 71 years (SD = 8.6 years). Analysis of covariance was used to
      compare QuIC scores between the intervention group (n = 70) and control group (n
      = 73). In the 1-week model, no statistically significant intervention effect was
      found (p = 0.860). However, the intervention status by patient status interaction
      was statistically significant (p = 0.012). In the 1-month model, no statistically
      significant intervention effect was found (p = 0.480). Again, however, the
      intervention status by patient status interaction was statistically significant
      (p = 0.040). At both time periods, intervention group patients scored higher
      (better) on the QuIC than did intervention group caregivers, and control group
      patients scored lower (worse) on the QuIC than did control group caregivers.
      IMPLICATIONS: Social support played a significant role in enhancing comprehension
      and recall of consent form information among patients.

PMID- 18156522
TI  - Informed consent in Ghana: what do participants really understand?
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To explore how subjects in a placebo-controlled vitamin A
      supplementation trial among Ghanaian women aged 15-45 years perceive the trial
      and whether they know that not all trial capsules are the same, and to identify
      factors associated with this knowledge. METHODS: 60 semistructured interviews and
      12 focus groups were conducted to explore subjects' perceptions of the trial.
      Steps were taken to address areas of low comprehension, including retraining
      fieldworkers. 1971 trial subjects were randomly selected for a survey measuring
      their knowledge that not all trial capsules are the same. The subjects'
      fieldworkers were also interviewed about their characteristics and trial
      knowledge. Factors associated with knowledge were explored using multi-level
      modeling. RESULTS: Although subjects knew they were taking part in research, most
      thought they were receiving an active and beneficial medication. Variables
      associated with knowledge were education and district of residence. Radio
      broadcasts benefited those with some schooling. Fieldworkers' characteristics
      were not associated with subjects' knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Research and debate on
      new or improved consent procedures are urgently required, particularly for
      subjects with little education.

PMID- 18156523
TI  - Against the principle that the individual shall have priority over science.
AB  - This paper highlights a feature common to many ethical guidelines--namely, the
      idea that the interests of the individual shall always prevail over the interests
      of science and society. The paper presents how some major ethical guidelines
      treat the balancing of research interests against those of research subjects and
      spells out the difficulties in interpreting the principle of the primacy of the
      individual in a way that can be action-guiding. It suggests various alternative
      interpretations of the primacy of the individual and argues that they do not
      hold. Finally, the implications of this analysis for ethical guidelines are
      discussed.

PMID- 18156524
TI  - Unesco's Ethics Education Programme.
AB  - Unesco initiated the Ethics Education Programme in 2004 at the request of member
      states to reinforce and increase the capacities in the area of ethics teaching.
      The programme is focused on providing detailed information about existing
      teaching programmes. It also develops and promotes teaching through proposals for
      core curricula, through a training course for ethics teachers and by distributing
      educational resources to support programmes.

PMID- 18156525
TI  - Teaching rounds and the experience of death as a medical ethicist.

PMID- 18156526
TI  - Defining what we do.

PMID- 18156527
TI  - The Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) and the emergency department.

PMID- 18156528
TI  - Consultations in the emergency department: a systematic review of the literature.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Consultation is a common and important aspect of emergency department
      (ED) practice which can lead to delays in patient flow. Little is known about ED
      consultations and this review systematically evaluated the literature on ED
      consultations. METHODS: Comprehensive searches of MEDLINE, PUBMED, SCIRUS,
      Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Health Star and other databases from 1966 to
      2007 were performed. The grey literature and reference lists were searched and
      authors were contacted to identify other eligible studies. Published and
      unpublished studies reporting the proportion of consultations in the ED using any
      type of design were considered for this review. Eligible studies were required to
      involve patients presenting to the ED. Studies reporting on the proportion of
      consultation in a specific subpopulation of patients and interventions to improve
      consultations were also considered for inclusion. Two reviewers independently
      selected studies and extracted data from included studies regarding the
      proportion of consultations in the ED or the patient subgroup. Individual study
      proportions were calculated together with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS:
      From more than 15,000 pre-screened citations, 12 studies were finally included in
      the review. All but three of the included studies were published. Overall, four
      studies examined ED consultation proportions, six identified the rate of
      consultation for special populations of ED presentations and two examined
      interventions to improve consultations. Consultation varied from 20% to 40% for
      all patients, with lower proportions in the selected populations studied and a
      high rate of hospitalisation for consulted patients. Limited research on
      interventions to improve the ED consultation process has also been completed.
      CONCLUSIONS: Consultation research in the emergency setting is limited and
      variable; however, high consultation rates exist in some centres. This systematic
      review outlines the current state of the literature and suggests that further
      research is urgently needed.

PMID- 18156530
TI  - Determination of the size of the different sepsis categories presenting to a UK
      teaching hospital emergency department.
AB  - AIM: To establish the size of the population of patients presenting to a UK
      emergency department (ED) with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS),
      sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock and to determine their mortality and
      length of stay. SETTING: Southampton General Hospital Emergency Department, a
      teaching hospital treating 90,000 patients per annum. METHOD: A retrospective
      audit of all patients attending the ED for a 1-month period was undertaken in
      order to classify them into the different sepsis groups. Length of stay and
      mortality data were abstracted from the Patient Administration System, a
      computerised database. RESULTS: 137 (SIRS), 123 (sepsis) and 50 (severe sepsis or
      septic shock) patients were classified from 5832 new patients attending. The
      median length of stay was 5, 3 and 7.5 days, respectively, and the mortality was
      6.6%, 4.1% and 26%, respectively. The incidence of severe sepsis or septic shock
      was 30 per 1000 patients admitted. CONCLUSION: The high incidence of severe
      sepsis and septic shock with its attendant high mortality and length of stay is
      highlighted. If the figures are annualized, this would equate to 650 cases of
      severe sepsis or septic shock, of which 169 would die. The ED is well placed to
      improve this outcome by earlier detection and the use of goal directed therapy.

PMID- 18156531
TI  - Intravenous amiodarone for the pharmacological termination of haemodynamically
      tolerated sustained ventricular tachycardia: is bolus dose amiodarone an
      appropriate first-line treatment?
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of bolus dose intravenous amiodarone for the
      pharmacological termination of haemodynamically-tolerated sustained monomorphic
      ventricular tachycardia (VT). DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective
      case series of consecutive emergency admissions with haemodynamically-tolerated
      sustained monomorphic VT administered bolus dose intravenous amiodarone 300 mg,
      according to current UK advanced life support practice guidelines. MAIN OUTCOME
      MEASURES: Pharmacological termination rates within 20 min and 1 h and incidence
      of hypotension requiring emergency direct current cardioversion (DCCV) during
      this period. RESULTS: 41 patients (35 men) of mean (SD) age 68 (10) years, the
      majority (85%) with ischaemic heart disease and impaired left ventricular
      function (mean (SD) ejection fraction 0.31 (0.11)), were enrolled in the study.
      The median VT duration was 70 min (range 15-6000), mean heart rate was 174 (34)
      bpm and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 112 (22) and 73 (19) mm Hg,
      respectively. Pharmacological VT termination occurred within 20 min in 6/41
      patients (15%; 95% CI 7% to 29%) and within 1 h in 12/41 patients (29%; 95% CI
      18% to 45%). Haemodynamic deterioration requiring emergency DCCV occurred in 7/41
      patients (17%; 95% CI 8% to 32%). CONCLUSIONS: Although advocated by advanced
      life support guidelines, bolus dose intravenous amiodarone was relatively
      ineffective for acutely terminating haemodynamically-tolerated sustained
      monomorphic VT with a significant incidence of haemodynamic destabilisation
      requiring emergency DCCV. Previous studies in the identical clinical setting
      suggest that alternative antiarrhythmic agents, particularly intravenous
      procainamide and sotalol, may be superior. A prospective randomised trial is
      required to determine the optimal drug treatment for stable sustained monomorphic
      VT in the emergency setting.

PMID- 18156532
TI  - A persistently painful hand.

PMID- 18156533
TI  - Abnormal response of the extremities to pain stimulation immediately after the
      return of spontaneous circulation from cardiopulmonary arrest.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: A study was undertaken to investigate retrospectively whether or not
      the appearance of an extensor reaction to pain stimulation immediately after the
      return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) is a
      sign of a favourable outcome. METHODS: Eighty-six patients, all of whom obtained
      ROSC and survived more than 1 week, were included in the study. They were divided
      into three groups: (1) patients with at least one abnormal response of the
      extremities to pain stimulation within 120 min after CPA (M = 2,3 group); (2)
      patients with no motor response to pain stimulation (M = 1 group); and (3)
      patients with only motor responses >3 on the Glasgow Coma Scale (M = 4-6 group).
      The following variables were investigated: prehospital setting, neurological
      findings on arrival, use of induced hypothermic therapy and outcome. The outcome
      was defined as the best cerebral performance achieved at any time within 1 month
      of the CPA and classified by analogy with cerebral performance category (CPC)
      into two groups: (1) good recovery, CPC 1-3; (2) poor recovery, CPC 4-5. RESULTS:
      The proportion of patients given induced hypothermic therapy in the M = 2,3 group
      was greater than in the M = 1 and M = 4-6 groups. Convulsions occurred more
      frequently in the M = 1 group than in the M = 2,3 and M = 4-6 groups. The
      proportion of patients making a good recovery in the M = 1 group (16%; 95% CI 6%
      to 26%) was smaller than in the M = 2,3 (81%; 95% CI 68% to 95%) and M = 4-6
      groups (88%; 95% CI 72% to 100%). The proportion who survived in each group was
      similar (M = 1 group: 75% (95% CI 60% to 89%); M = 2,3 group: 90% (95% CI 81% to
      100%); M = 4-6 group: 76% (95% CI 55% to 97%)). In the M = 2,3 group, four of the
      five subjects with convulsions did not regain consciousness while 93% (95% CI 83%
      to 100%) of the subjects in this group without convulsions did regain
      consciousness. CONCLUSION: An abnormal response of the extremities to pain
      stimulation immediately after ROSC tends to be a sign of a favourable outcome in
      patients without convulsions.

PMID- 18156534
TI  - A novel method to assist nasogastric tube insertion.
AB  - BACKGROUND: It can sometimes be difficult to insert a nasogastric tube (NGT) in a
      patient in whom intubation has been performed. Because of the patient's inability
      to swallow and the presence of the inflated cuff of the endotracheal tube, the
      NGT will often become coiled in the oral cavity. A previous study showed that
      rigid tubes require fewer insertion attempts than flexible tubes. An attempt was
      therefore made to increase the rigidity of NGTs by filling the tube with water
      (water-fill method). The objective of this study was to investigate whether water
      filled NGTs would facilitate tube insertion. METHODS: Sixty-six patients
      intubated with rapid sequence induction in the emergency department were
      consecutively recruited over a study period of 4 months in 2006. In the first 2
      months the patients underwent NGT insertion by the water-fill method (water-fill
      group) and in the subsequent 2 months NGT insertion was undertaken by the
      traditional method (control group). Successful NGT insertion for each patient was
      defined as the passage of the tube in <or=2 attempts. The rate of successful
      insertion was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Successful insertions
      were achieved in 29/31 patients (93.5%) in the water-fill group and in 23/35
      patients (65.7%) in the control group. The difference between the two groups was
      statistically significant (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The water-fill method is a
      simple and fast method to facilitate NGT insertion in intubated patients.

PMID- 18156535
TI  - Impact of oral dexamethasone versus placebo after ED treatment of migraine with
      phenothiazines on the rate of recurrent headache: a randomised controlled trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Evidence suggests that the rate of recurrent headache after treatment
      of migraine in the emergency department (ED) is high. The mechanisms for this are
      unclear, but neurogenic inflammation may play a role. There is conflicting
      evidence about whether adjuvant dexamethasone reduces the rate of recurrent
      headache. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of recurrent headache in
      patients with migraine randomised to receive a single dose of oral dexamethasone
      or placebo at discharge after treatment in the ED with intravenous phenothiazine.
      METHODS: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in
      the ED of three community teaching hospitals. Adult patients with physician
      diagnosed migraine were treated with intravenous phenothiazine and at discharge
      were randomised to receive either 8 mg oral dexamethasone or placebo as a single
      dose. Follow-up was by telephone at 48-72 h and the proportion of patients with
      recurrent headache overall and in the subgroup with headache duration <24 h was
      recorded. RESULTS: 63 patients (76% women) of median age 39 years were enrolled,
      61 of whom (97%) completed follow-up. The pooled rate of recurrent headache was
      33%. 32 were randomised to placebo and 31 to dexamethasone. The rate of recurrent
      headache in the dexamethasone and control groups was 27% (8/30) vs 39% (12/31)
      (relative risk (RR) 0.69, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.45, p = 0.47). For 40 patients with
      headache lasting <24 h the rate of recurrent headache in the dexamethasone and
      control groups was 15% (3/20) vs 45% (9/20), a reduction in absolute risk of 30%
      (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.11 to 1.05, p = 0.08). CONCLUSION: A single oral dose of
      dexamethasone following phenothiazine treatment for migraine in the ED did not
      reduce the rate of recurrent headache. There is weak evidence for a possible
      benefit in the subgroup who present within <24 h of symptom onset. A multicentre
      trial to confirm this finding is warranted.

PMID- 18156536
TI  - "Reflections" on an interesting case: an oropharyngeal foreign body presenting as
      cleft palate.

PMID- 18156537
TI  - 2,4-D (ethyl ester) poisoning: experience at a tertiary care centre in northern
      India.
AB  - 2,4-Dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a selective herbicide widely used to
      kill broad-leaved plants in wheat cultivation. Only a few cases of documented
      poisoning cases with this compound have been reported from India. Since the
      initial manifestations are not very different from anticholinesterase poisoning,
      the chances of misdiagnosis are high. Anticholinesterase compounds are the most
      commonly used insecticides and are implicated as the commonest cause of
      agrochemical poisoning in India. This report aims to make physicians aware that
      not all cases of agrochemical poisoning are caused by anticholinesterase
      insecticides. Efforts must be made to correctly identify the offending compound
      for appropriate management.

PMID- 18156538
TI  - Lateral skull radiograph in a patient with post-traumatic tension pneumocephalus
      complicated by late epilepsy.

PMID- 18156539
TI  - Soft tissue injuries: introduction and basic principles.
AB  - This is the first in a series of eight papers covering soft tissue injury.
      Anatomical, pathophysiological, clinical and pharmacological aspects are
      discussed to give an overview.

PMID- 18156540
TI  - Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal
      Infirmary. Bet1. Topical or oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatories in soft tissue
      injury.

PMID- 18156542
TI  - Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal
      Infirmary. Bet 2. Dexamethasone in meningitis.

PMID- 18156543
TI  - Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal
      Infirmary. Bet 3. Stethoscope contamination with MRSA.

PMID- 18156544
TI  - Retention of mouth-to-mouth, mouth-to-mask and mouth-to-face shield ventilation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Retention of mouth-to-mouth, mouth-to-mask and mouth-to-face shield
      ventilation techniques is poorly understood. METHODS: A prospective randomised
      clinical trial was undertaken in January 2004 in 70 candidates randomly assigned
      to training in mouth-to-mouth, mouth-to-mask or mouth-to-face shield ventilation.
      Each candidate was trained for 10 min, after which tidal volume, respiratory
      rate, minute volume, peak airway pressure and the presence or absence of stomach
      inflation were measured. 58 subjects were reassessed 1 year later and study
      parameters were recorded again. Data were analysed with ANOVA, chi(2) and McNemar
      tests. RESULTS: Tidal volume, minute volume, peak airway pressure, ventilation
      rate and stomach inflation rate increased significantly at reassessment with all
      ventilation techniques compared with the initial assessment. However, at
      reassessment, mean (SD) tidal volume (960 (446) vs 1008 (366) vs 1402 (302) ml;
      p<0.05), minute volume (12 (5) vs 13 (7) vs 18 (3) l/min; p<0.05), peak airway
      pressure (14 (8) vs 17 (13) vs 25 (8) cm H(2)O; p<0.05) and stomach inflation
      rate (63% vs 58% vs 100%; p<0.05) were significantly lower with mouth-to-mask and
      mouth-to-face shield ventilation than with mouth-to-mouth ventilation. The
      ventilation rate at reassessment did not differ significantly between the
      ventilation techniques. CONCLUSIONS: One year after a single episode of
      ventilation training, lay persons tended to hyperventilate; however, the degree
      of hyperventilation and resulting stomach inflation were lower when a mouth-to
      mask or a face shield device was employed. Regular training is therefore required
      to retain ventilation skills; retention of skills may be better with ventilation
      devices.

PMID- 18156545
TI  - Pre-excited atrial fibrillation triggered by intravenous adenosine: a commonly
      used drug with potentially life-threatening adverse effects.
AB  - Although serious adverse events following adenosine administration are rare, it
      should only be administered in an environment where continuous ECG monitoring and
      emergency resuscitation equipment are available. The case report describes the
      development of pre-excited atrial fibrillation in a 31-year-old woman with Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome following the administration of adenosine. She had
      previously been fit and well and was admitted to the coronary care unit with a 2
      h history of regular palpitations. A 12-lead ECG showed a narrow QRS complex
      tachycardia. Carotid sinus massage was unsuccessful in terminating the
      tachycardia and the patient subsequently received rapid boluses of intravenous
      adenosine. The cardiac rhythm degenerated into atrial fibrillation with
      ventricular pre-excitation following 12 mg adenosine.

PMID- 18156546
TI  - Primary aortoenteric fistula.

PMID- 18156547
TI  - Central venous sinus [added] thrombosis misdiagnosed as eclampsia in an emergency
      department.
AB  - Central venous sinus thrombosis can present in the emergency department with a
      diverse range of symptoms and signs, including a non-neurological scenario, and
      it thus poses a diagnostic challenge. It is amenable to treatment, so a patient
      history and awareness of the condition prompts early diagnosis and instigation of
      treatment which may reduce morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 18156548
TI  - Gas-forming Ludwig's angina.

PMID- 18156549
TI  - Leptospirosis pulmonary haemorrhage: a diagnostic challenge.
AB  - Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonosis with worldwide distribution. Antibiotic
      treatment is available, but leptospirosis is rarely suspected due to the non
      specific clinical presentation, and is also underreported due to the difficulty
      in confirming the diagnosis. The syndrome of leptospirosis pulmonary haemorrhage
      is increasingly described; it is severe and can present without the classical
      manifestations of Weil's disease. We discuss two cases of leptospirosis with
      pulmonary haemorrhage; both our patients experienced a dramatic deterioration
      hours after their admission, and required emergency intubation and intensive
      therapy unit support. Massive haemoptysis is a life threatening complication of
      leptospirosis, even outside tropical areas.

PMID- 18156550
TI  - Spontaneous intercostal artery bleeding.
AB  - We present a patient who complained of right flank pain resulting from
      spontaneous intercostal artery rupture while sleeping. He did not have symptoms
      or a history to suggest other diseases or trauma except hypertension.
      Arteriography revealed a rupture of the right 10th and 11th intercostal artery,
      and transcatheter arterial embolisation was successfully done. The patient was
      discharged without any sequelae. To our knowledge, this is the second report in
      the literature documenting spontaneous intercostal artery rupture without
      associated illness or injury. Through comparison with the first reported case, we
      discuss the cause, the vulnerable site, and the treatment of spontaneous
      intercostal bleeding.

PMID- 18156551
TI  - An unusual presentation of diaphragmatic hernia.

PMID- 18156552
TI  - Botulism: a rare complication of injecting drug use.
AB  - Botulism is a rare, naturally occurring disease that may also be caused by
      deliberate or accidental exposure to the toxins of Clostridium botulinum. The
      three types of naturally occurring disease are food-borne, wound and intestinal
      colonisation botulism, dependent on the route of ingress of the toxins. Food
      related botulism remains rare in the UK, but wound botulism is increasing,
      particularly associated with intravenous drug use. It presents with an afebrile,
      descending, symmetrical, flaccid paralysis of motor and autonomic but not sensory
      nerves. Respiratory failure can occur rapidly with little prior ventilatory
      deterioration. Management includes respiratory support, specific antitoxin and
      surgical debridement and antibiotics for cases of wound botulism. We report a
      case of wound botulism and discuss the presenting features that should alert the
      emergency physician to the diagnosis of wound botulism.

PMID- 18156553
TI  - An unusual cause of abdominal distension.

PMID- 18156555
TI  - Are European EDs unenthusiastic about chest pain units?

PMID- 18156556
TI  - Re: Suspension trauma.

PMID- 18156557
TI  - Calls to NHS Direct.

PMID- 18156558
TI  - Administering a glyceryl trinitrate infusion: faster is better than slower.

PMID- 18156559
TI  - Increasing number of patients who leave the ED without being seen.

PMID- 18156560
TI  - Forgotten needles.

PMID- 18156562
TI  - Inoperable brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer: what part does whole
      brain radiotherapy play in standard treatment?

PMID- 18156563
TI  - Aspirin sensitivity and eicosanoids.

PMID- 18156564
TI  - New tests for tuberculosis: local immune responses have greater specificity.

PMID- 18156565
TI  - Non-invasive ventilation for the treatment of hypercapnic respiratory failure in
      cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 18156567
TI  - Body mass index and asthma severity in the National Asthma Survey.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The association between obesity and asthma severity remains
      controversial and limited to small studies. METHODS: We determined the
      association of body mass index (BMI) and asthma severity in the National Asthma
      Survey. We included adults (age > or = 18 years) who self-reported symptoms of
      asthma in the past 5 years. A total of 3095 patients were divided into the
      following BMI categories: 1080 (35%) non-overweight (BMI < 25), 993 (32%)
      overweight (BMI > or = 25 and < 30) and 1022 (33%) obese (BMI > or = 30). Asthma
      severity measures included respiratory symptoms, healthcare utilisation,
      medication use, missed work days and the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA)
      severity classification. Models were adjusted for: gender, race, age, education,
      income, employment status, smoking status, family history of asthma, state of
      residence and residence in a metropolitan statistical area. RESULTS: Compared
      with non-overweight subjects, obese subjects with asthma were more likely to
      report continuous symptoms (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.54), miss more work days
      (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.81), use short acting beta agonists (OR 1.36, 95% CI
      1.06 to 1.75), use inhaled corticosteroids (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.79) and use
      any controller medication according to GINA guidelines (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01 to
      1.85). Also, obese respondents were less likely to be in asthma remission (OR
      0.56, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.82) and were more likely to have severe persistent asthma
      (GINA IV) (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.90). CONCLUSIONS: In a large, diverse sample
      of adults with asthma, obesity was associated with measures of asthma severity
      after adjusting for potential confounders.

PMID- 18156570
TI  - A large chest wall tumour in an asymptomatic 15-year-old girl.

PMID- 18156572
TI  - Challenges in pulmonary fibrosis: 6--Problematic granulomatous lung disease.
AB  - Granulomatous inflammation in lung biopsies is a relatively non-specific finding
      that can occur in a range of inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. This review
      focuses on the patterns of granulomatous inflammation that can cause diffuse lung
      disease, highlighting histopathological features helpful in differential
      diagnosis.

PMID- 18156574
TI  - Early-life pulmonary arterial hypertension with subsequent development of diffuse
      pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
      type 1.
AB  - The case history is presented of a male infant who was thought to have idiopathic
      pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) at 3 months of age. Subsequently the PAH
      decreased unexpectedly and diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs)
      were seen at 6.9 years of age for the first time. Hereditary haemorrhagic
      telangiectasia type 1 (HHT1) related to an endoglin mutation was diagnosed. At
      10.3 years of age a lung biopsy showed diffuse PAVMs as well as pulmonary
      arteriopathy with medial hypertrophy. This is the first case of HHT1 presenting
      with PAH at such a young age. The subsequent decrease in pulmonary arterial
      pressure (PAP) was probably caused by the development of PAVMs. In the presence
      of PAVMs, measurement of the PAP may underestimate the extent of PAH-related
      vasculopathy.

PMID- 18156575
TI  - Diagnostic value of soluble mesothelin in malignant mesothelioma.

PMID- 18156577
TI  - Population screening for lung cancer using CT.

PMID- 18156578
TI  - Innate immune activation in neutrophilic asthma.

PMID- 18156580
TI  - Asthma exacerbations.

PMID- 18156581
TI  - Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and physical activity.

PMID- 18156582
TI  - Repeated thrombolytic therapy after initial unsuccessful thrombolysis in massive
      pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 18156583
TI  - Propionibacterium acnes in granulomas of a patient with necrotising sarcoid
      granulomatosis.

PMID- 18156584
TI  - Bronchial responsiveness and airway inflammation in trained subjects.

PMID- 18156585
TI  - Symptoms limiting activity in cancer patients with breathlessness on exertion:
      ask about muscle fatigue.

PMID- 18156586
TI  - Tracheal bronchus in a 6-month-old infant identified by CT with three-dimensional
      airway reconstruction.

PMID- 18156588
TI  - Doing unto future selves as you would do unto others: psychological distance and
      decision making.
AB  - Four experiments showed that the decisions people make for future selves and
      other people are similar to each other and different from their decisions for
      present selves. Experiments involved decisions to drink a disgusting liquid for
      scientific purposes (Experiment 1), tutor peers during exam week (Experiment 2),
      receive e-mails for charity (Experiment 3), and defer a lottery prize for a
      larger one (Experiment 4). These findings seemed to be at least partially rooted
      in the tendency for decisions regarding the ongoing, present self to be uniquely
      influenced by internal subjective experience. Specifically, these effects emerged
      for real, but not hypothetical, decisions. Also, they were mitigated by
      manipulations that altered participants' attention to present or future
      subjective experience. In addition, when participants' subjective experience
      primarily involved empathy for others (Experiment 3), their decisions on behalf
      of present selves were more generous than their decisions for future selves and
      others. Applications are discussed.

PMID- 18156590
TI  - Ceramide kinase promotes Ca2+ signaling near IgG-opsonized targets and enhances
      phagolysosomal fusion in COS-1 cells.
AB  - Ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) is a novel bioactive sphingolipid formed by the
      phosphorylation of ceramide catalyzed by ceramide kinase (CERK). In this study,
      we evaluated the mechanism by which increased C1P during phagocytosis enhances
      phagocytosis and phagolysosome formation in COS-1 cells expressing hCERK. Stable
      transfectants of COS-1 cells expressing FcgammaRIIA or both FcgammaRIIA/hCERK
      expression vectors were created. Cell fractionation studies demonstrated that
      hCERK and the transient receptor potential channel (TRPC-1) were enriched in
      caveolae fractions. Our data establish that both CERK and TRPC-1 localize to the
      caveolar microdomains during phagocytosis and that CERK also colocalizes with
      EIgG in FcgammaRIIA/hCERK-bearing COS-1 cells. Using high-speed fluorescence
      microscopy, FcgammaRIIA/hCERK transfected cells displayed Ca2+ sparks around the
      phagosome. In contrast, cells expressing FcgammaRIIA under identical conditions
      displayed little periphagosomal Ca2+ signaling. The enhanced Ca2+ signals were
      accompanied by enhanced phagolysosome formation. However, the addition of
      pharmacological reagents that inhibit store-operated channels (SOCs) reduced the
      phagocytic index and phagolysosomal fusion in hCERK transfected cells. The higher
      Ca2+ signal observed in hCERK transfected cells as well as the fact that CERK
      colocalized with EIgG during phagocytosis support our hypothesis that Ca2+
      signaling is an important factor for increasing phagocytosis and is regulated by
      CERK in a manner that involves SOCs/TRPCs.

PMID- 18156591
TI  - Identification and characterization by electrospray mass spectrometry of
      endogenous Drosophila sphingadienes.
AB  - Sphingolipids comprise a complex group of lipids concentrated in membrane rafts
      and whose metabolites function as signaling molecules. Sphingolipids are
      conserved in Drosophila, in which their tight regulation is required for proper
      development and tissue integrity. In this study, we identified a new family of
      Drosophila sphingolipids containing two double bonds in the long chain base
      (LCB). The lipids were found at low levels in wild-type flies and accumulated
      markedly in Drosophila Sply mutants, which do not express sphingosine-1-phosphate
      lyase and are defective in sphingolipid catabolism. To determine the identity of
      the unknown lipids, purified whole fly lipid extracts were separated on a C18
      HPLC column and analyzed using electrospray mass spectrometry. The lipids contain
      a LCB of either 14 or 16 carbons with conjugated double bonds at C4,6. The
      Delta(4,6)-sphingadienes were found as free LCBs, as phosphorylated LCBs, and as
      the sphingoid base in ceramides. The temporal and spatial accumulation of
      Delta(4,6)-sphingadienes in Sply mutants suggests that these lipids may
      contribute to the muscle degeneration observed in these flies.

PMID- 18156592
TI  - Comparison of production and calving data for 10 Irish dairy herds in the
      vicinity of an industrial chemical complex and 10 herds in rural, non
      industrialised areas.
AB  - Production and calving data for 2001 to 2004 inclusive were collated for 10 dairy
      herds located in the vicinity of a complex of chemical industries in the Cork
      harbour region (target herd) and 10 herds located in rural, non-industrialised
      areas (control herds). The average milk yield per cow, stocking rates and culling
      rates were similar for the two groups of herds. The prime reasons for the
      disposal of animals from both groups of herds were infertility, 'old age',
      mastitis, lameness and low milk production, and the proportions of deaths
      recorded were similar. Overall, significantly more male calves were born (52 per
      cent), but there were no significant differences between the groups in the sex
      ratio, the incidence of calving difficulty or the incidence of retained
      placentas. A higher proportion (P<0.05) of stillbirths was observed in the
      control herds (5.7 per cent) than in the target herds (4.7 per cent), but there
      was no significant difference in perinatal mortality. There was a higher
      proportion of multiple births (P<0.05) in the target herds (3.93 per cent) than
      in the control herds (2.27 per cent). No cause-and-effect relationships between
      location and multiple birth rate or location and stillbirth incidence were found.

PMID- 18156593
TI  - Ossification of the infraspinatus tendon-bursa in 13 dogs.
AB  - Ossification of the infraspinatus tendon-bursa was diagnosed in 13 labrador
      retrievers, 12 of which were lame in one thoracic limb and the other in both.
      They ranged in age from 28 to 121 months (mean 69.4 months). The lameness
      developed gradually and was progressive in 11 of the 14 affected joints. Scapular
      muscle atrophy and signs of pain on direct pressure over the infraspinatus tendon
      of insertion were key clinical signs. Caudocranial radiographs revealed multiple
      mineralised masses lateral to the proximal humerus or glenohumeral joint in 11 of
      the 26 joints and single masses in 12. An arthroscopic examination revealed
      concomitant ligament or tendon abnormalities in six of seven shoulders. The dogs
      were followed up from one to 55 months (mean 20 months). Of five shoulders
      treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids), one resolved, two
      improved and two were managed surgically. Of six shoulders treated by the
      injection of long-acting intra-articular corticosteroid (five before and one
      after surgery), three resolved, two improved and one was unchanged. Of six
      shoulders treated by the surgical resection of the infraspinatus tendon and bursa
      (three before and two after treatment with nsaids, and one after treatment with a
      long-acting intra-articular corticosteroid), four improved, one was unchanged and
      one was managed with an intra-articular long-acting corticosteroid. One shoulder
      was managed by restricted exercise and the lameness resolved. Histological
      examination of the excised tissues revealed heterotopic bone within the
      infraspinatus tendon and/or bursa.

PMID- 18156594
TI  - Carboxyl terminus of the 34 kDa protein of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis shares
      homologous B-cell epitopes with Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium
      intracellulare.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against a recombinant carboxyl terminus of the 34
      kDa protein of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were produced in mice. Two of the
      mAbs cross-reacted with Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare in
      both an elisa and immunoblot. The recombinant protein also reacted with
      polyclonal sera produced in rabbits against all three mycobacteria, indicating
      the presence of cross-reactive epitopes in the protein. To determine the
      reactivity of cattle sera against epitopes recognised by the mAbs, competition
      assays between bovine sera and the mAbs were carried out. Two mAbs were
      significantly inhibited by sera from cattle that were naturally infected with M
      paratuberculosis. The results indicate that epitopes on the carboxyl terminus of
      the 34 kDa protein common to M paratuberculosis, M avium and M intracellulare
      readily induce antibody production in naturally infected cattle. These epitopes
      reduce the diagnostic specificity of the carboxyl terminus of the 34 kDa protein,
      which was originally thought to contain only M paratuberculosis-specific
      epitopes.

PMID- 18156595
TI  - Clinical differentiation of malignant catarrhal fever, mucosal disease and
      bluetongue.

PMID- 18156596
TI  - Humoral response to H5N2 vaccination in exotic birds in the United Arab Emirates.

PMID- 18156597
TI  - Labial fusion causing urinary tract obstruction in an alpaca cria.

PMID- 18156598
TI  - Foot-and-mouth disease and the use of face masks.

PMID- 18156599
TI  - Favourable response to electric collar aversion training.

PMID- 18156600
TI  - Treatment of histomonosis in turkeys with tiamulin.

PMID- 18156601
TI  - Re: Letter to the editor on "Bias in clinical intervention research".

PMID- 18156602
TI  - Maternal thyroid autoantibodies during the third trimester and hearing deficits
      in children: an epidemiologic assessment.
AB  - Elevated maternal thyroid autoantibodies during pregnancy are linked to
      infertility, miscarriage, and neurodevelopmental deficits such as in cognitive
      function. It has not been established whether autoantibodies to thyroid
      peroxidase are associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The authors
      tested stored third-trimester maternal serum specimens of 1,736 children for
      thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPOaAb) by using an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay technique. The children participated at the Baltimore,
      Maryland, site of the Collaborative Perinatal Project, which enrolled pregnant
      women in 1959-1965. An audiology examination was administered to the children at
      8 years of age and was used to identify cases of SNHL. Compared with 4.3% of the
      other children, 22.7% of the children whose mothers had elevated TPOaAb (> or
      =62.5 IU/ml) had SNHL. The difference was significant after controlling for
      maternal race, age, and hypothyroidism (exact prevalence odds ratio = 7.5, 95%
      confidence interval: 2.4, 23.3). When a lower cutoff of TPOaAb > or =31.25 IU/ml
      was used, there continued to be an association with SNHL (exact prevalence odds
      ratio = 5.7, 95% confidence interval: 2.1, 15.6). The direction and magnitude of
      the association were similar when an alternative case definition of SNHL was
      used. These data suggest that antenatal exposure to maternal TPOaAb during the
      third trimester of pregnancy is associated with impaired auditory development.

PMID- 18156603
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator and
      clara cell secretory protein in taste receptor cells of rat circumvallate
      papillae.
AB  - Taste receptor cells (TRCs) are the sensory cells of taste transduction and are
      organized into taste buds embedded in the epithelium of the tongue, palate,
      pharynx, and larynx. Several studies have demonstrated that TRCs involved in
      sweet as well as bitter and umami responses express alpha-gustducin, an alpha
      subunit of the G-protein complex. It has been further demonstrated that this
      typical taste protein is a potent marker of chemosensory cells located in several
      tissues, including gastric and pancreatic mucosa and the respiratory apparatus.
      We recently observed that alpha-gustducin and phospholipase C beta 2
      immunoreactive cells were colocalized in the airways with cystic fibrosis
      transmembrane regulator (CFTR) and Clara cell-specific secretory protein of 10
      (CC10) and 26 kDa (CC26). This finding suggests that TRCs might themselves
      express secretory markers. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the
      expression of CFTR, CC10, and CC26 in rat circumvallate papillae using reverse
      transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, immunohistochemistry, and
      confocal laser microscopy. The results showed that secretory markers such as
      CFTR, CC10, and CC26 are present in taste cells of rat circumvallate papillae,
      and their immunoreactivity is expressed, to a different extent, in subsets of
      taste cells that express alpha-gustducin. The presence of CFTR, CC10, and CC26 in
      taste bud cells and their coexpression pattern with alpha-gustducin confirms and
      extends our previous findings in airway epithelium, lending further credence to
      the notion that chemoreception and secretion may be related processes.

PMID- 18156605
TI  - Treatment of external ventricular drain-associated ventriculitis caused by
      Enterococcus faecalis with intraventricular daptomycin.

PMID- 18156604
TI  - The candidate sour taste receptor, PKD2L1, is expressed by type III taste cells
      in the mouse.
AB  - The transient receptor potential channel, PKD2L1, is reported to be a candidate
      receptor for sour taste based on molecular biological and functional studies.
      Here, we investigated the expression pattern of PKD2L1-immunoreactivity (IR) in
      taste buds of the mouse. PKD2L1-IR is present in a few elongate cells in each
      taste bud as reported previously. The PKD2L1-expressing cells are different from
      those expressing PLCbeta2, a marker of Type II cells. Likewise PKD2L1
      immunoreactive taste cells do not express ecto-ATPase which marks Type I cells.
      The PKD2L1-positive cells are immunoreactive for neural cell adhesion molecule,
      serotonin, PGP-9.5 (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal transferase), and chromogranin A,
      all of which are present in Type III taste cells. At the ultrastructural level,
      PKD2L1-immunoreactive cells form synapses onto afferent nerve fibers, another
      feature of Type III taste cells. These results are consistent with the idea that
      different taste cells in each taste bud perform distinct functions. We suggest
      that Type III cells are necessary for transduction and/or transmission of
      information about "sour", but have little or no role in transmission of taste
      information of other taste qualities.

PMID- 18156606
TI  - Identification of tet(S) gene area in tetracycline-resistant Streptococcus
      dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis clinical isolates.

PMID- 18156607
TI  - Altered expression of isoniazid-regulated genes in drug-treated dormant
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Despite having potent activity against actively replicating
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isoniazid has very limited activity against dormant
      bacilli. In order to investigate the lack of bactericidal activity of this drug
      under conditions leading to mycobacterial dormancy, we studied the
      transcriptional pattern of M. tuberculosis in different physiological states
      following exposure to isoniazid. METHODS: Global gene expression analysis was
      used to study M. tuberculosis treated with isoniazid in dormancy models of
      nutrient depletion and progressive hypoxia in vitro, as well as in an in vivo
      hollow fibre model of dormancy. Mycobacterial expression of the drug's putative
      transcriptional signature was investigated by RT-PCR in each dormancy model, and
      during the early and chronic phases of infection in the mouse aerosol model.
      Transcriptional responses were correlated with the bactericidal activity of
      isoniazid in the respective models. RESULTS: A small group of genes directly
      relevant to the mechanism of action of isoniazid was confirmed to constitute a
      transcriptional signature of the drug, as differential regulation of these genes
      was abrogated in an isoniazid-resistant, katG-deficient M. tuberculosis strain
      following isoniazid exposure. Isoniazid-induced expression of this
      transcriptional signature was abolished in dormant bacilli which had acquired
      phenotypic tolerance to isoniazid, regardless of the specific conditions
      responsible for the induction of the dormancy phenotype. Quantitative RT-PCR
      revealed that expression of isoniazid-regulated genes (IRGs) is dramatically
      altered under conditions of nutrient depletion and progressive hypoxia in vitro.
      Although these IRGs are highly induced following drug exposure early in infection
      in the mouse hollow fibre and aerosol models, correlating with potent
      bactericidal activity of the drug, their expression levels are markedly
      diminished during late-stage infection in these two models, coinciding with the
      greatly reduced bactericidal activity of isoniazid against these organisms.
      CONCLUSIONS: The reduced susceptibility of bacilli to the bactericidal drug
      isoniazid, as well as lack of expression of IRGs upon exposure to the drug, may
      be defining features of M. tuberculosis dormancy.

PMID- 18156608
TI  - Minor emtricitabine intolerance in treatment-stable patients switched from
      tenofovir/lamivudine to a fixed-dose combination of tenofovir/emtricitabine
      (Truvada).

PMID- 18156609
TI  - Significant effects of tipranavir on platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2
      formation in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: In the past, bleeding events have been described for patients with
      haemophilia taking HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Recently, the FDA published a
      warning concerning intracranial haemorrhage in patients taking the HIV-1 protease
      inhibitor tipranavir co-administered with ritonavir. METHODS: We investigated (i)
      platelet aggregation in vivo in HIV-1-infected adult patients (n = 5) immediately
      before and 2 and 4 h after dosing of tipranavir/ritonavir 500/200 mg. To further
      characterize the effects, we then evaluated (ii) platelet aggregation and (iii)
      thromboxane B2 (TxB2) formation (ELISA) with increasing tipranavir concentrations
      (TPV(conc)) in vitro of up to 100,000 ng/mL. Platelet aggregation was stimulated
      either with 2 microM ADP (ADP) or 10 mg/L collagen (COL). TPV(conc) were measured
      with validated EPI-LC-MS/MS. Intraindividual comparisons of values at time points
      and TPV(conc), respectively, were carried out with repeated samples ANOVA.
      RESULTS: Platelet aggregation (mean, maximal light transmission A(max)) was
      significantly decreased in patients 4 h post-dose in collagen- (from 79.8% to
      57.1%; P < 0.001) and in ADP-stimulated (from 58.5% to 54.0%; not significant)
      samples at a median (range) TPV(conc) of 62 500 ng/mL (22,990-67,500). These
      results could be reproduced in vitro at TPV(conc) 50,000 ng/mL
      (A(max)ADP/A(max)COL = 20.7/36.9%; P = 0.003/<0.001) and 100 000 ng/mL
      (A(max)ADP/A(max)COL = 14.5/17.1%; P < 0.001/<0.001). Median (range) TxB2
      concentrations were reduced (P = 0.07) from 327 ng/mL (187-500) at baseline to
      265 ng/mL (152-428) at 5000 ng/mL and were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) to
      187 ng/mL (81-362) at a TPV(conc) of 50,000 ng/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:
      Five HIV-1-infected patients on tipranavir-containing highly active
      antiretroviral therapy presented marked decreases in platelet aggregation. In
      vitro these effects were reproduced and decreased TxB2 formation was also
      demonstrated. Inhibition of platelet aggregation while receiving tipranavir
      treatment might contribute to increased risk of bleeding.

PMID- 18156610
TI  - Anti-gene padlocks eliminate Escherichia coli based on their genotype.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Several therapeutic strategies that target nucleic acids exist;
      however, most approaches target messenger RNA, rather than genomic DNA. We
      describe a novel oligonucleotide-based strategy, called anti-gene padlocks
      (AGPs), which eliminate Escherichia coli based on their genotype. METHODS: The
      strategy employs an oligonucleotide with a double hairpin structure where both
      strands of the AGP are complementary to both strands of a target gene. We tested
      AGPs for in vitro binding and inhibition of DNA polymerization. AGPs were
      electroporated into bacterial cells with and without gene targets along with an
      ampicillin resistance plasmid, and cell survival was measured. RESULTS: In vitro,
      AGPs bound the DNA target in a sequence-dependent fashion and inhibited DNA
      synthesis. When transformed into bacterial cells containing 10, 20 or 30 bp lacZ
      or 20 bp proA DNA targets in their genomes, AGPs selectively killed or otherwise
      inhibited growth of these cells, while those lacking the target demonstrated
      little, if any, toxicity. A single transformation resulted in approximately 30%
      to 40% loss of target-bearing cells. Structure-function experiments were
      performed to define essential AGP requirements. CONCLUSIONS: These results
      suggest that AGPs may be a useful tool to eliminate specific cell populations.

PMID- 18156611
TI  - Glucose lowering treatment in patients with coronary artery disease is
      prognostically important not only in established but also in newly detected
      diabetes mellitus: a report from the Euro Heart Survey on Diabetes and the Heart.
AB  - AIMS: Glucose lowering (GL) therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and
      coronary artery disease (CAD) is prognostically important. This report from the
      Euro Heart Survey on Diabetes and the Heart describes present practice in
      relation to 1 year prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: The survey enrolled 4676
      patients with CAD from 110 centres out of whom 1425 had known and 452 newly
      detected DM. The impact of different GL modalities on cardiovascular events (CVE:
      death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) was followed. Insulin treated patients
      with known DM (n = 378) had an adjusted 1 year hazard ratio (HR) for mortality of
      2.23 (95% CI 1.24-4.03; P = 0.006) and for CVE of 1.27 (95% CI 0.85-1.87; P =
      0.230) compared with those on oral GL drugs (n = 675). Of patients with newly
      detected DM 77 (17%) were started on GL drugs. None of them died compared with 25
      (P = 0.002) among those without such treatment and their 1 year CVE HR was 0.22
      (95% CI 0.05-0.97; P = 0.041) compared with untreated subjects. CONCLUSION:
      Insulin therapy may relate to a more serious prognosis in CAD-patients with DM.
      There was a pronounced decrease in cardiovascular events in patients with newly
      detected DM prescribed GL drugs compared with those not receiving such treatment.

PMID- 18156612
TI  - Beat-to-beat variability of QT intervals is increased in patients with drug
      induced long-QT syndrome: a case control pilot study.
AB  - AIMS: Torsades de pointes arrhythmias (TdP) occur by definition in the setting of
      prolonged QT intervals. Animal models of drug induced Long-QT syndrome (dLQTS)
      have shown higher predictive value for proarrhythmia with beat-to-beat
      variability of repolarization duration (BVR) when compared with QT intervals.
      Here, we evaluate variability of QT intervals in patients with a history of drug
      induced long QT syndrome (dLQTS) and TdP in absence of a mutation in any of the
      major LQTS genes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty patients with documented TdP under
      drugs with QT-prolonging potential were compared with 20 matched control
      individuals. An observer blinded to diagnosis manually measured lead-II, RR, and
      QT intervals from 30 consecutive beats. BVR was determined from Poincare plots of
      QT intervals as short-term variability (STV(QT) = Sigma|QT(n)(+1) - QT(n)|/[30 x
      radical2]). QRS interval and cycle length was comparable between study groups and
      controls. No difference was found in QTc between dLQTS and controls (428 +/- 25
      vs. 421 +/- 34 ms, P = 0.26), whereas STV(QT) was significantly higher in dLQTS
      when compared with controls (8.1 +/- 3.7 vs. 3.6 +/- 1.3 ms, P = 0.001).
      Proarrhythmic predictive power of STV(QT) was superior to that of the QTc
      interval (AUC: 0.89 vs. 0.57, 95% CI: 0.79-0.99 vs. 0.39-0.75). CONCLUSION: In
      the absence of QTc prolongation, baseline STV(QT) characterized patients with
      documented drug-induced proarrhythmia. STV(QT) could prove to be a useful non
      invasive, easily obtainable parameter aiding the identification of the patient at
      risk for potentially life threatening arrhythmia in the context of drugs with QT
      prolonging potential.

PMID- 18156613
TI  - Haemoptysis and complete atrioventricular block.

PMID- 18156614
TI  - The impact of glucose lowering treatment on long-term prognosis in patients with
      type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarction: a report from the DIGAMI 2 trial.
AB  - AIMS: To explore the impact of glucose lowering treatment on prognosis in
      diabetic patients with myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS: 1181 type 2
      diabetic patients (mean age 68 years; 67% males) discharged after myocardial
      infarction were followed (median of 2.1 years). At discharge, 436 patients (37%)
      had oral glucose lowering agents whereof 268 sulphonylureas and 200 metformin,
      while 690 patients (58%) were on insulin. The impact of treatment was analysed by
      an updated Cox proportional hazards regression model, correcting for confounders.
      Cardiovascular mortality was not influenced by metformin [Hazard ratio (HR) 0.93,
      95% CI 0.60-1.43; P = 0.73], sulphonylureas (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.80-1.64; P =
      0.45), or insulin (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.75-1.46; P = 0.77). The risk for non-fatal
      myocardial infarction and stroke increased significantly in patients on insulin
      (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.26-2.37; P = 0.0007), whereas this risk was lower among those
      on metformin (HR 0.63, CI 0.42-0.95; P = 0.03) and unchanged with sulphonylureas
      (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.57-1.14; P = 0.23). This finding remained analysing only
      patients with newly instituted insulin and those randomly allocated to newly
      instituted insulin. CONCLUSION: Controlling for confounders including glycemic
      control, there was no significant difference in mortality between sulphonylureas,
      metformin, and insulin. In this post hoc analysis, the risk of non-fatal
      myocardial infarction and stroke increased significantly by insulin treatment
      while metformin was protective. It is emphasized that this observation is done in
      an epidemiological analysis and should encourage to further confirmation in
      randomized trials.

PMID- 18156615
TI  - Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: an algorithm for decision.

PMID- 18156616
TI  - Peripheral arterial disease enters the biomarker era. Does risk stratification
      tell us something that we don't already know?
AB  - This editorial refers to Myeloperoxidase, but not C-reactive protein, predicts
      cardiovascular risk in peripheral arterial disease by G. Brevetti et al., on page
      224.

PMID- 18156617
TI  - Revisiting definition and classification of cardiomyopathies in the era of
      molecular medicine.

PMID- 18156618
TI  - Prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a 5 year prospective
      population-based study.
AB  - AIMS: This study was designed to identify the characteristics and long-term
      prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) in patients
      hospitalized for a first episode of HF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Consecutive patients
      (n = 799) hospitalized for a first episode of HF during 2000 in the Somme
      department (France) were recruited. EF was available in 662 (83%) patients,
      representing the study population. Patients with HFPEF (55.6% of cases) were
      significantly older, with a high proportion of women. During the 5 year follow
      up, 370 patients (56%) died. Patients with HFPEF had a significantly lower 5 year
      survival than the age- and sex-matched general population (43 vs. 72%). Five year
      survival rates were not significantly different in patients with preserved and
      reduced EF (43 vs. 46%; P = 0.95). Both groups had similar relative 5 year
      survival rates compared with the general population. Multivariable analysis
      identified age, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, diabetes,
      low glomerular filtration rate, and hyponatraemia as independent predictors of 5
      year mortality in patients with HFPEF. CONCLUSIONS: Heart failure with preserved
      ejection fraction has a poor prognosis, comparable with that of HF with reduced
      EF, with a 5 year survival rate after a first episode of 43% and a high excess
      mortality compared with the general population.

PMID- 18156619
TI  - Inconsistencies of echocardiographic criteria for the grading of aortic valve
      stenosis.
AB  - AIM: The present study tests the consistency of echocardiographic criteria for
      the grading of aortic valve stenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Current
      guidelines/recommendations define severe stenosis as an aortic valve area (AVA)
      <1 cm2 (or <0.6 cm2 adjusted for body surface area), mean pressure gradient
      (DeltaPm) >40 mmHg, or peak flow velocity (Vmax) >4 m/s. We tested the
      consistency of the three criteria for the grading of aortic valve stenosis in
      3483 echocardiography studies performed in 2427 patients with normal left
      ventricular (LV) systolic function and a calculated AVA of < or =2 cm2. We
      calculated curve fits for the relationship between AVA and DeltaPm using the
      Gorlin equation and between AVA and Vmax based on the continuity equation for our
      study population. An AVA of 1.0 cm2 correlated to a DeltaPm of 21 mmHg and a Vmax
      of 3.3 m/s. Conversely, a DeltaPm of 40 mmHg corresponds to an AVA of 0.75 cm2
      and a Vmax of 4.0 m/s to an AVA of 0.82 cm2. Consequently, severe stenosis was
      diagnosed in 69% of patients based on AVA, 45% on Vmax, and 40% on DeltaPm.
      Stroke volume was lower in inconsistently graded patients (65 +/- 11 mL vs.
      consistently graded: 70 +/- 14 mL, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The criteria for the
      grading of aortic stenosis are inconsistent in patients with normal systolic LV
      function. On the basis of AVA, a higher proportion of patients is classified as
      having severe aortic valve stenosis compared with mean pressure gradient and peak
      flow velocity. Discrepant grading in these patients may be partly due to reduced
      stroke volume.

PMID- 18156620
TI  - Dual right coronary artery associated coronary artery fistula.

PMID- 18156621
TI  - IL-27 inhibits the development of regulatory T cells via STAT3.
AB  - Regulatory CD4+ T cells are important for the homeostasis of the immune system
      and their absence correlates with autoimmune disorders. Here, we investigate the
      capacity of IL-27, a cytokine with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties, to
      regulate the generation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-inducible
      forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)-positive regulatory T (Treg) cells. Our results
      demonstrate that IL-27 inhibits the acquisition of the Treg phenotype at the
      level of Foxp3, CD25 and CTLA-4 (CD152) expression as well as the suppressive
      function. In contrast to TGFbeta-induced Treg cells, the cells generated after
      differentiation in the presence of TGFbeta and IL-27 maintained the ability for
      IL-2 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) production. The inhibitory
      effect of IL-27 on Treg generation was at least partially signal transducer and
      activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) dependent as examined by targeted STAT3
      protein inhibition using small interfering RNA (siRNA), while STAT1-dependent
      signals seemed to oppose the STAT3 signals. In turn, TGFbeta blocked IL-27
      induced T(h)1 differentiation. Thus, IL-27 and TGFbeta mutually control their
      effects on CD4+ T-cell differentiation, whereby IL-27 favours inflammatory
      conditions through a STAT3-dependent inhibition of Treg generation.

PMID- 18156622
TI  - CpG-ODN inhibits airway inflammation at effector phase through down-regulation of
      antigen-specific Th2-cell migration into lung.
AB  - Allergic airway inflammation is one of the most typical characteristic features
      of bronchial asthma. T(h)2 cells, which produce IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, are well
      known as major effector lymphocytes of the inflammation. In the present work, we
      found that subcutaneous injection of Toll-like receptor-9-ligand, CpG
      oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN), remarkably suppressed eosinophilia and mucus
      hyper-production in T(h)2 cell-dependent airway inflammation model at the
      effector phase. The injection of CpG-ODN significantly blocked T(h)2 cell
      migration into lung. The inhibitory effects of CpG-ODN were observed even when
      IFN-gamma-deficient T(h)2 cells were transferred into IFN-gamma(-/-) mice. In
      contrast, the administration of neutralizing mAbs against type I cytokines such
      as IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IL-12 significantly suppressed the inhibitory effect
      of CpG-ODN on airway inflammation and T(h)2 cell migration into the lung. We
      further demonstrated that the production of T(h)2 chemokines, thymus and
      activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), was
      significantly reduced by the CpG-ODN. The reduction of both TARC and MDC was also
      inhibited by the blockade of IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IL-12 with mAbs. Thus, we
      revealed here that IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IL-12, but not IFN-gamma, were
      required for the inhibitory effect of CpG-ODN in T(h)2 cell-mediated allergic
      airway inflammation. The present evidence strongly suggest that induction of type
      I cytokines would be promising therapeutic targets in T(h)2-dependent allergic
      diseases such as bronchial asthma.

PMID- 18156623
TI  - LPS differentially regulates adhesion and transendothelial migration of human
      monocytes under static and flow conditions.
AB  - One of the key components of the innate immune response is the recognition of
      microbial products such as LPS by Toll-like receptors on monocytes and
      neutrophils. We show here that short-term stimulation of primary human monocytes
      with LPS led to an increase in adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells and a
      dramatic decrease in transendothelial migration under static conditions. In
      contrast, under normal physiological flow, monocyte adhesion and migration across
      a human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayer appeared to be unaffected by
      LPS treatment. LPS stimulation of monocytes activated beta(1) and beta(2)
      integrins, but did not increase their surface expression levels. During septic
      shock, reduction in blood flow as a result of vasodilation and vascular
      permeability leads to adhesion and accumulation of LPS-stimulated circulating
      monocytes onto the blood vessel walls. The different findings of monocyte
      migration under static and flow conditions in our study may offer one explanation
      for this phenomenon. The rapid engagement of LPS-activated monocytes preventing
      transendothelial migration could represent a novel mechanism of bacterial
      exclusion from the vasculature. This occurs during the early stages of sepsis,
      and in turn may modulate the severity of the pathophysiology.

PMID- 18156624
TI  - Differential roles for IFN-gamma and IL-17 in experimental autoimmune
      uveoretinitis.
AB  - IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells, so called T(h)17 cells, constitute a newly
      identified inflammatogenic cell population, which is critically involved in some
      inflammatory diseases. To explore the role of T(h)17 cells in murine experimental
      autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), a model of human autoimmune uveitis where T(h)1
      responses predominantly participate in the pathogenesis, IL-17(-/-) mice were
      immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide 1-20 for
      disease induction. Funduscopic examination revealed that EAU was induced in IL
      17(-/-) mice just like in wild-type (WT) mice at early phases of the disease.
      However, at later/maintenance phases, the severity was significantly reduced in
      IL-17(-/-) mice. Expression of IFN-gamma and MCP-1 was comparable between WT and
      IL-17(-/-) mice during the time course. In vivo blockade of IFN-gamma and IL-4
      resulted in exacerbation of EAU at later phases with augmented IL-17 production.
      Taken together, our data demonstrated that IL-17/T(h)17 participates in the late
      phases of EAU and also that T(h)1 and T(h)17 responses are differentially
      required for EAU.

PMID- 18156625
TI  - Selective silencing of disease-associated B-lymphocytes by chimeric molecules
      targeting their Fc gamma IIb receptor.
AB  - The presently used approaches to silence autoreactive disease-associated B cells
      act indiscriminately and more specific therapies are obviously needed. In the
      present study, we analyze the ability of a chimeric antibody to suppress
      selectively pathological autoreactive B-lymphocytes in lupus-prone mice by cross
      linking their surface Ig receptors with the inhibitory IgG Fc gamma RIIb
      receptors. The chimera was constructed by coupling an immunodominant mouse
      Histone 1 peptide to a rat monoclonal anti-mouse CD32 (Fc gamma RIIb) antibody.
      The administration of these chimeric molecules to MRL/lpr mice with initial and
      with full-blown disease resulted in the reduction of the levels of IgG anti
      Histone 1 antibodies, of the albuminuria levels, of the size of lymphoid organs
      and in prevention of the development of skin lesions. The observed effect was
      limited to lupus-associated B cells only, as the treatment did not decrease the
      IgG antibody response to an administered foreign antigen. This study demonstrates
      the possibility to silence selectively autoreactive B cells and to delay the
      progression of an autoimmune disease using chimeric antibody molecules.

PMID- 18156626
TI  - After 'Unit 1421': an exploratory study into female students' attitudes and
      behaviours towards binge drinking at Leeds University.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Binge drinking has been highlighted as a growing problem in the UK,
      particularly amongst females aged 18-25 years. University of Leeds is situated
      within a population that has one of the highest reported statistics of binge
      drinking in the UK. In September 2006, the 'Unit 1421' campaign was launched at
      University of Leeds with the aim to promoted sensible drinking amongst students.
      The aim of this study is to explore female perspectives on binge drinking and on
      'Unit 1421' campaign in the University of Leeds. METHODS: Using a purposive
      sample, two focus groups were conducted with 12 female students aged 18-23 years
      within university grounds. Participants were recruited via email and poster
      advertisements on campus. RESULTS: Four main themes emerged from the data: (i)
      lay perception of binge drinking; (ii) pressures of matching the drinking
      patterns of male peers; (iii) student rite of passage; (iv) evaluation of the
      'Unit 1421' campaign. CONCLUSION: The social context of student life impacts
      greatly upon students' choices to binge drink. The norms, beliefs and morals
      governing student culture and the use of alcohol to assert identity should be
      considered when tailoring health promotion efforts to this target audience.
      Larger qualitative and ultimately quantitative studies are warranted to
      extrapolate and test the social pressures on drinking in this age group.

PMID- 18156627
TI  - Plant sterols cause macrothrombocytopenia in a mouse model of sitosterolemia.
AB  - Mutations in either ABCG5 or ABCG8 cause sitosterolemia, an inborn error of
      metabolism characterized by high plasma plant sterol concentrations. Recently,
      macrothrombocytopenia was described in a number of sitosterolemia patients,
      linking hematological dysfunction to disturbed sterol metabolism. Here, we
      demonstrate that macrothrombocytopenia is an intrinsic feature of murine
      sitosterolemia. Abcg5-deficient (Abcg5(-/-)) mice showed a 68% reduction in
      platelet count, and platelets were enlarged compared with wild-type controls.
      Macrothrombocytopenia was not due to decreased numbers of megakaryocytes or their
      progenitors, but defective megakaryocyte development with deterioration of the
      demarcation membrane system was evident. Lethally irradiated wild-type mice
      transplanted with bone marrow from Abcg5(-/-) mice displayed normal platelets,
      whereas Abcg5(-/-) mice transplanted with wild-type bone marrow still showed
      macrothrombocytopenia. Treatment with the sterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe
      rapidly reversed macrothrombocytopenia in Abcg5(-/-) mice concomitant with a
      strong decrease in plasma plant sterols. Thus, accumulation of plant sterols is
      responsible for development of macrothrombocytopenia in sitosterolemia, and
      blocking intestinal plant sterol absorption provides an effective means of
      treatment.

PMID- 18156628
TI  - HtrA1 inhibits mineral deposition by osteoblasts: requirement for the protease
      and PDZ domains.
AB  - HtrA1 is a secreted multidomain protein with serine protease activity. In light
      of increasing evidence implicating this protein in the regulation of skeletal
      development and pathology, we investigated the role of HtrA1 in osteoblast
      mineralization and identified domains essential for this activity. We demonstrate
      increased HtrA1 expression in differentiating 2T3 osteoblasts prior to the
      appearance of mineralization. HtrA1 is subsequently down-regulated in fully
      mineralized cultures. The functional role of HtrA1 in matrix calcification was
      investigated using three complementary approaches. First, we transfected a full
      length HtrA1 expression plasmid into 2T3 cells and showed that overexpression of
      HtrA1 delayed mineralization, reduced expression of Cbfa1 and collagen type I
      mRNA, and prevented BMP-2-induced mineralization. Second, knocking down HtrA1
      expression using short interfering RNA induced mineral deposition by 2T3 cells.
      Third, by expressing a series of recombinant HtrA1 proteins, we demonstrated that
      the protease domain and the PDZ domain are essential for the inhibitory effect of
      HtrA1 on osteoblast mineralization. Finally, we tested whether HtrA1 cleaves
      specific matrix proteins that are known to regulate osteoblast differentiation,
      mineralization, and/or BMP-2 activity. Full-length recombinant HtrA1 cleaved
      recombinant decorin, fibronectin, and matrix Gla protein. Both the protease
      domain and the PDZ domain were necessary for the cleavage of matrix Gla protein,
      whereas the PDZ domain was not required for the cleavage of decorin or
      fibronectin. Type I collagen was not cleaved by recombinant HtrA1. These results
      suggest that HtrA1 may regulate matrix calcification via the inhibition of BMP-2
      signaling, modulating osteoblast gene expression, and/or via the degradation of
      specific matrix proteins.

PMID- 18156629
TI  - Altered histone H1 stoichiometry and an absence of nucleosome positioning on
      transfected DNA.
AB  - The packaging of DNA with histones to form chromatin represents an important and
      powerful mechanism to regulate gene expression. Critical aspects of chromatin
      specific contributions to gene regulation have been revealed by the comparison of
      the activities from DNA regulatory elements examined both as transiently
      transfected reporters and stably integrated reporters organized as chromatin.
      Using the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter as a model, we probed the
      structural differences between transiently transfected and stably integrated DNA
      templates. We demonstrated that all four core histones and the linker histone
      (H1) are associated with the transient template. However, whereas the core
      histones were present at a similar stoichiometry between the transient and the
      stable templates, we found that linker histone H1 molecules are fewer on the
      transient template. By using supercoiling assay, we show that the transient
      template shows intermediate levels of nucleosomal assembly. Overexpression of H1
      resulted in repression of MMTV transcriptional activity and reduced accessibility
      to restriction endonucleases on the transient MMTV promoter. However, the
      addition of exogenous H1 failed to impose a normal chromatin structure on the
      transient template as measured by micrococcal nuclease digestion pattern. Thus,
      our results suggest that while transiently transfected DNA acquires a full
      complement of core histones, the underrepresentation of H1 on the transient
      template is indicative of structural differences between the two templates that
      may underlie the differences in the mechanisms of activation of the two
      templates.

PMID- 18156630
TI  - Perindoprilat modulates the activity of lipoprotein receptor-related protein in
      human mesangial cells.
AB  - Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) is a multifunctional
      endocytic receptor implicated in the modulation of a number of cellular
      processes, including the turnover of proteases and the degradation of
      extracellular matrix proteins. As such, it can play a key role in the control of
      fibrosis. The aim of this investigation was to ascertain whether the anti
      fibrotic effects exerted by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I)
      perindoprilat on macrophage-conditioned medium (MPCM)-injured human mesangial
      cells can be modulated by this receptor. Addition of receptor-associated protein
      to MPCM-injured mesangial cells with and without ACE-I increased the amount of
      tissue plasminogen activator protein detected in mesangial cell culture
      supernatants without affecting the protein levels of plasminogen activator
      inhibitor-1. The ability of ACE-I to reduce fibronectin was diminished in the
      presence of receptor-associated protein. ACE-I induced an increase in mesangial
      cell MMP9 mRNA, but reduced the MMP9 enzyme activity detected in mesangial cell
      supernatants. Mesangial cell lysates from ACE-I-treated cells were able to bind
      immobilized fibronectin at higher dilutions than cell lysates from untreated
      cells. Flow cytometry showed that MPCM induced an increase in LRP surface
      expression in mesangial cells over that in control cells and that this expression
      was further increased by ACE-I treatment. The increase in LRP expression in
      response to ACE-I was also observed by Western blotting. Northern blot analysis
      of RNA extracted from cells following a 24-h exposure to MPCM with and without
      ACE-I demonstrated that there was no change in LRP mRNA expression upon ACE-I
      treatment. In conclusion, we show that ACE-I treatment is able to modulate
      mesangial cell-surface expression of LRP, providing an additional mechanism
      whereby ACE-Is can mediate anti-fibrotic actions independent of their hemodynamic
      actions.

PMID- 18156631
TI  - Functional differences of the catalytic and non-catalytic domains in human ADAMTS
      4 and ADAMTS-5 in aggrecanolytic activity.
AB  - ADAMTS-4 (aggrecanase-1) and ADAMTS-5 (aggrecanase-2) are multidomain
      metalloproteinases belonging to the ADAMTS family. We have previously reported
      that human ADAMTS-5 has much higher aggrecanolytic activity than human ADAMTS-4.
      To investigate the different proteolytic activity of the two enzymes, we
      generated a series of chimeras by exchanging various non-catalytic domains of the
      two proteinases. We found that the catalytic domain of ADAMTS-5 has higher
      intrinsic catalytic ability than that of ADAMTS-4. The studies also demonstrated
      that the non-catalytic domains of ADAMTS-5 are more effective modifiers than
      those of ADAMTS-4, making both catalytic domains more active against aggrecan, an
      Escherichia coli-expressed interglobular domain of aggrecan and fibromodulin.
      Addition of the C-terminal thrombospondin type I motif of ADAMTS-5 to the C
      terminus of ADAMTS-4 increased the activity of ADAMTS-4 against aggrecan and
      fibromodulin severalfold. In contrast to previous reports (Kashiwagi, M.,
      Enghild, J. J., Gendron, C., Hughes, C., Caterson, B., Itoh, Y., and Nagase, H.
      (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 10109-10119 and Gao, G., Plaas, A., Thompson, V. P.,
      Jin, S., Zuo, F., and Sandy, J. D. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 10042-10051), our
      detailed investigation of the role of the C-terminal spacer domain of ADAMTS-4
      indicated that full-length ADAMTS-4 is approximately 20-times more active against
      aggrecan than its spacer domain deletion mutant, even at the Glu373-Ala374 site
      of the interglobular domain. This discrepancy is most likely due to selective
      inhibition of full-length ADAMTS-4 by heparin, particularly for cleavage at the
      Glu373-Ala374 bond. However, removal of the spacer domain from ADAMTS-4 greatly
      enhanced more general proteolytic activity against non-aggrecan substrates, e.g.
      E. coli-expressed interglobular domain, fibromodulin, and carboxymethylated
      transferrin.

PMID- 18156632
TI  - NOTCH1 regulates osteoclastogenesis directly in osteoclast precursors and
      indirectly via osteoblast lineage cells.
AB  - NOTCH signaling is a key regulator of cell fate decisions in prenatal skeletal
      development and is active during adult tissue renewal. In addition, its
      association with neoplasia suggests that it is a candidate therapeutic target. We
      find that attenuated NOTCH signaling enhances osteoclastogenesis and bone
      resorption in vitro and in vivo by a combination of molecular mechanisms. First,
      deletion of Notch1-3 in bone marrow macrophages directly promotes their
      commitment to the osteoclast phenotype. These osteoclast precursors proliferate
      more rapidly than the wild type in response to macrophage colony-stimulating
      factor and are sensitized to RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor,
      undergoing enhanced differentiation in response to low doses of either cytokine.
      Conforming with a role for NOTCH in this process, presentation of the NOTCH
      ligand JAGGED1 blunts the capacity of wild-type bone marrow macrophages to become
      osteoclasts. Combined, these data establish that NOTCH suppresses
      osteoclastogenesis via ligand-mediated receptor activation. Although NOTCH1 and
      NOTCH3 collaborate in regulating osteoclast formation, NOTCH1 is the dominant
      paralog. In addition, NOTCH1 deficiency promotes osteoclastogenesis indirectly by
      enhancing the ability of osteoblast lineage cells to stimulate
      osteoclastogenesis. This is achieved by decreasing the osteoprotegerin/RANKL
      expression ratio. Thus, NOTCH1 acts as a net inhibitor of bone resorption,
      exerting its effect both directly in osteoclast precursors and indirectly via
      osteoblast lineage cells. These observations raise caution that therapeutic
      inhibition of NOTCH signaling may adversely accelerate bone loss in humans.

PMID- 18156633
TI  - 'What if they ask how I got it?' Dilemmas of disclosing parental HIV status and
      testing children for HIV in Uganda.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Limited research has been conducted outside Western settings on how
      HIV-positive parents decide to test and disclose their own HIV status to
      children. We conducted a qualitative study in 2001 and 2005 to assess parent
      attitudes and current counselling policy and practice regarding child testing and
      parental disclosure in Uganda prior to the roll-out of antiretroviral therapy.
      METHODS: Parent perspectives were obtained through extended in-depth interviews
      with 10 HIV-positive parents recruited from The AIDS Support Organization (TASO),
      Entebbe branch. Counselling policy and practice were explored through key
      informant interviews with directors and two counsellors from each of five Ugandan
      counselling institutions with national or regional coverage. RESULTS: Respondents
      had 51 children ranging from 4 to 36 years with a median age of 13. Five of 10
      parents had disclosed their status to their children, usually to all, and four of
      these had tested one child for HIV. All those who tested any child had also
      disclosed their status to some or all of their children. Parents regularly
      worried that their children may be infected, but all preferred to wait for
      emergence of symptoms before considering HIV tests, citing fear of children's
      emotional reaction and lack of perceived benefits from knowing status.
      Counselling policy directors confirmed the absence of policy and training
      guidelines on the subject of parent-child disclosure. Counsellors reported
      improvising and giving inconsistent advice on this common concern of clients.
      CONCLUSIONS: Concerns over disclosure to children of parent's HIV status and
      testing children for HIV represent a major psychological burden for HIV-positive
      parents. Further research is needed, but current counselling practice could be
      improved now by adapting lessons learned from existing research.

PMID- 18156634
TI  - Direct observation and adherence to tuberculosis treatment in Chongqing, China: a
      descriptive study.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: China has an estimated 5 million people with tuberculosis (TB).
      Official policy is that treatment of all patients is directly observed by health
      workers; completion rates are reported to be in excess of 90%, and drugs should
      be supplied for free. However, some research suggests there is a gap between the
      official policies and practice. METHODS: Survey of TB patients in four counties
      of one municipality; record assessment at one TB centre; patient and village
      doctor in-depth interviews. RESULTS: Sixteen per cent (64/401) reported being
      directly observed every time they took treatment; less than 5% of TB patients
      (17/401) were observed by health staff. Overall, 12.5% (50/401) reported they had
      not taken any TB drugs in the previous week, but this varied between the four
      counties (range 6.2 to 21.7%). We used survival analysis with medical records at
      one centre: 74.1% of new patients collected their drugs for their sixth month of
      treatment, and 50.3% attended the final visit at 6 months. Qualitative research
      indicated direct observation is neither well understood nor thought to be
      necessary, and that patients reported being charged expensive fees for ancillary
      treatments, such as liver protection drugs. CONCLUSION: In China, direct
      observation is not well implemented and may not be a feasible policy option.
      Official completion rates are higher than we found in this study. The concept of
      free treatment has become blurred, with charges for additional tests and drugs,
      especially liver protection drugs. The government is already actively tackling
      these issues, and involvement of managers and others in this process will be
      helpful.

PMID- 18156635
TI  - Streptomyces aminopeptidase P: biochemical characterization and insight into the
      roles of its N-terminal domain.
AB  - We purified and characterized the aminopeptidase P from Streptomyces costaricanus
      TH-4 (thAPP). This enzyme has a tetramer structure, a metal-ion preference toward
      Zn, broad substrate specificity and a narrow pH dependency for activity. The
      primary structure of thAPP, respectively, exhibits 91% and 65% identity with
      those of two other APPs-APP I and APP II-from Streptomyces lividans (slAPP I and
      slAPP II). We next overexpressed the genes encoding thAPP and slAPP II in
      Escherichia coli and characterized them. Two differences were apparent in their
      properties: slAPP II formed a dimer, whereas thAPP formed a tetramer; also, the
      alkaline side pKa for the catalytic action of slAPP II is higher than that of
      thAPP. Investigation using chimeras of both enzymes revealed that the N-terminal
      domain is associated with the determination of pKa values for catalytic action
      and quaternary structure.

PMID- 18156636
TI  - Fatal work-related accidents in UK merchant shipping from 1919 to 2005.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Historically, merchant seafaring was the most hazardous occupation in
      Britain. However, fatal accident rates have fallen sharply in the last 30 years.
      AIMS: To establish the causes of all fatal accidents and their trends among
      seafarers who were employed in UK merchant shipping from 1919 to 2005 and to
      compare with those in the general workforce and in other industries. METHODS: A
      historical study, based on examinations of death inquiry files from 1976 to 2005
      and official mortality returns from 1919 to 1975, with a total population of
      11.90 million seafarer-years at risk. RESULTS: From 1919 to 2005, there were
      17,386 deaths from accidents in UK shipping, 6,074 from shipping disasters and
      11,312 from personal accidents. Over time, there were large reductions in
      mortality rates for all the main types of fatal accident, except accidents on
      deck. Major causes of mortality from shipping disasters were vessels foundering
      in typhoons, storms and severe gales, explosions in cargo holds and collisions in
      poor visibility. Fatal accident rates were higher among British seafarers than
      among Lascars. The relative risk of an accident in UK shipping-compared with the
      general British workforce-was similar in 2001 to that in 1961. CONCLUSIONS: There
      have been major improvements in health and safety that have led to substantial
      reductions in fatal accident rates in UK merchant shipping throughout most of the
      last 90 years. This mirrors comparable improvements in the fatal accident rate
      among the general workforce of Great Britain.

PMID- 18156637
TI  - Is schizophrenia a syndrome of accelerated aging?
AB  - Schizophrenia is associated with a number of anatomical and physiological
      abnormalities outside of the brain, as well as with a decrease in average life
      span estimated at 20% in the United States. Some studies suggest that this
      increased mortality is not entirely due to associated causes such as suicide and
      the use of psychotropic medications. In this article, in order to focus greater
      attention on the increased mortality associated with schizophrenia, we present a
      special case of the hypothesis that physiological abnormalities associated with
      schizophrenia make a contribution to the increased mortality of schizophrenia:
      specifically, the hypothesis that schizophrenia is a syndrome of accelerated
      aging. Evidence consistent with this hypothesis comes from several areas. The
      biological plausibility of the hypothesis is supported by the existence of
      established syndromes of accelerated aging and by the sharing of risk factors
      between schizophrenia and other age-related conditions. We propose methods for
      testing the hypothesis.

PMID- 18156638
TI  - Results from a hypothesis generating case-control study: herpes family viruses
      and schizophrenia among military personnel.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Herpes family viruses can cause central nervous system inflammatory
      changes that can present with symptoms indistinguishable from schizophrenia and
      therefore are of interest in schizophrenia research. Most existing studies of
      herpes viruses have used small populations and postdiagnosis specimens. As part
      of a larger research program, we conducted a hypothesis-generating case-control
      study of selected herpes virus antibodies among individuals discharged from the
      US military with schizophrenia and pre- and postdiagnosis sera. METHODS: Cases (n
      = 180) were servicemembers hospitalized and discharged from military service with
      schizophrenia. Controls, 3:1 matched on several factors, were members not
      discharged. The military routinely collects and stores members' serum specimens.
      We used microplate enzyme immunoassay to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody
      levels to 6 herpes viruses in pre- and postdiagnosis specimens. Conditional
      logistic regression was used, and the measure of association was the hazard ratio
      (HR). RESULTS: Overall, we found a significant association between human herpes
      virus type 6 and schizophrenia, with an HR of 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI]
      = 1.04, 1.32). Women and blacks had significant negative associations with herpes
      simplex virus type 2 and cytomegalovirus; among blacks, there was a significant
      positive association with herpes simplex virus type 1. Among men, there was a HHV
      6 temporal effect with an HR of 1.41 (95% CI = 1.02, 1.96) for sera drawn 6-12
      months before diagnosis. DISCUSSION: Findings from previous studies of herpes
      family viruses and schizophrenia have been inconsistent. Our study is based on a
      larger population than most previous studies and used serum specimens collected
      before onset of illness. This study adds to the body of knowledge and provides
      testable hypotheses for follow-on studies.

PMID- 18156641
TI  - Anemia reduction in preschool children with the addition of low doses of iron to
      school meals.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In developing countries there is high prevalence of iron deficiency
      anemia, which causes negative impact on growth, development and quality of life
      for infant population. Currently several strategies are being elaborated and
      tested to tackle this problem. OBJECTIVE: To measure anemia prevalence in
      preschool children. To evaluate fortification effectiveness with 5 or 10 mg of
      elemental iron/daily added to school meals by increasing hemoglobin levels in
      anemic children. METHODS: Double-blind, cluster randomized intervention study
      with 728 students from public network. Blood count was taken at beginning of
      study, to evaluate anemia prevalence, those anemic were selected for
      intervention, after intervention new blood count was taken to evaluate
      fortification effectiveness. Ferrous Sulphate was added in individual dosage of 5
      or 10 mg of elemental iron/daily to usual school meal. From 35 schools 3 were
      randomized to receive 5 mg/daily (group A) and 3 to receive 10 mg/daily (group
      B). Hemoglobin and hematocrit averages before and after intervention were
      compared in each group and between them. RESULTS: In group A, the anemia
      prevalence reduced 34.9 to 12.4%, and in group B 39.0 to 18.7%. In both groups a
      significant increase in hemoglobin was observed: in group A from 10.1 to 11.5
      g/dl (p < 0.01) and in group B from 10.0 to 11.0 g/dl (p < 0.01). There was no
      statistically significant difference in final levels of hemoglobin among groups.
      CONCLUSIONS: Both dosages of elemental iron were equally effective in increasing
      hemoglobin levels, and reducing anemia prevalence. Fortification of school meals
      was shown to be an effective, low cost and easy to manage intervention.

PMID- 18156639
TI  - Estrogen and comprehension of metaphoric speech in women suffering from
      schizophrenia: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The effects of estrogen on comprehension of metaphoric speech, word
      fluency, and verbal ability were investigated in women suffering from
      schizophrenia. The issue of estrogen-dependent neuropsychological performance
      could be highly relevant because women with schizophrenia frequently suffer from
      hypoestrogenism. METHOD: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study
      using 17beta-estradiol for replacement therapy and as an adjunct to a
      naturalistic maintenance antipsychotic treatment was carried out over a period of
      8 months. Nineteen women (mean age = 38.0 years, SD = 9.9 years) with
      schizophrenia were included in the study. Comprehension of metaphoric speech was
      measured by a lexical decision paradigm, word fluency, and verbal ability by a
      paper-and-pencil test. RESULTS: Significant improvement was seen for the
      activation of metaphoric meaning during estrogen treatment (P = .013); in
      contrast, no difference was found for the activation of concrete meaning under
      this condition. Verbal ability and word fluency did not improve under estrogen
      replacement therapy either. CONCLUSIONS: This is the very first study based on
      estrogen intervention instead of the physiological hormone changes to examine the
      estrogen effects on neuropsychological performance in women with schizophrenia.
      In addition, it is the first time that the effect of estrogen on metaphoric
      speech comprehension was investigated in this context. While in a previous study
      estrogen therapy as adjunct to a naturalistic maintenance treatment with
      antipsychotics did not show an effect on psychopathology measured by a rating
      scale, a significant effect of estrogen on the comprehension of metaphoric speech
      and/or concretism, a main feature of schizophrenic thought and language
      disturbance, was found in the present study. Because the improvement of formal
      thought disorders and language disturbances is crucial for social integration of
      patients with schizophrenia, the results may have implications for the treatment
      of these individuals.

PMID- 18156640
TI  - Clinical, functional, and economic ramifications of early nonresponse to
      antipsychotics in the naturalistic treatment of schizophrenia.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Early nonresponse to antipsychotics appears to predict subsequent
      nonresponse to treatment when assessed in randomized controlled trials of
      predominately acute inpatients treated for schizophrenia. This study assessed the
      predictive accuracy of early nonresponse to treatment and its clinical,
      functional, and economic ramifications in the naturalistic treatment of
      predominately chronic outpatients treated for schizophrenia. METHODS: This post
      hoc analysis used data from a 1-year, randomized, open-label study of olanzapine,
      risperidone, and typical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia. If
      clinically warranted, patients could switch antipsychotics following 8 weeks of
      treatment. Patients completing 8 weeks of treatment (n = 443 of 664 enrollees)
      were included. Patients with early response (> or = 20% improvement from baseline
      on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale at 2 weeks) were compared with early
      nonresponders on symptom remission, functionality, perceptions of medication
      influence, and total health care costs at 8 weeks. RESULTS: Early
      response/nonresponse at 2 weeks predicted subsequent response/nonresponse at 8
      weeks with a high level of accuracy (72%) and specificity (89%). After 8 weeks,
      early nonresponders were less likely to achieve symptom remission (P < .001),
      improved less on functional domains (P < .05), perceived medication as less
      beneficial (P = .004), and incurred total heath care costs over twice that of
      early responders ($4349 vs $2102, P = .010). CONCLUSIONS: In the usual care of
      schizophrenia patients, early nonresponse appears to reliably predict subsequent
      nonresponse to continued treatment with the same medication to be associated with
      poorer outcomes and higher health care costs. Identifying early nonresponders may
      minimize prolonging exposure to suboptimal or ineffective treatment strategies.

PMID- 18156642
TI  - Low body mass index, anaemia and poor perinatal outcome in a rural hospital in
      eastern Sudan.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The first step in improving early neonatal survival is to document
      rate of these deaths, identify the common causes. OBJECTIVES: the study was
      conducted at New Halfa hospital, eastern Sudan to investigate the prevalence and
      possible risk factors for a poor perinatal outcome, mainly low birth weight
      (LBW), APGAR score <5 at 1 min, fetal anaemia and perinatal mortality. RESULTS:
      LBW occurred in 15.3%, the perinatal death was 9.2%. Maternal low body mass index
      (BMI) was significantly associated with LBW (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0-3.2; p =
      0.02), which was a risk factor for APGAR score <5 at 1 min (OR = 11.5, 95% CI =
      5.9-22.5; p < 0.001) and perinatal mortality (OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 2.9-14.8, p <
      0.00001). Maternal anaemia was a risk factor for fetal anaemia (OR = 2.1, 95% CI
      = 1.4-3.1; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: More attention to maternal nutrition and in an
      attempt to prevent anaemia may lead to improvement in the perinatal outcome.

PMID- 18156643
TI  - Treatment of anal achalasia after transanal endorectal pull-through for
      Hirschsprung's disease with topical botulinum toxin.

PMID- 18156644
TI  - Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and associated lifestyle factors in a
      national population of youths: CASPIAN Study.
AB  - The objectives of the current study, that is the first of its kind, were to
      determine the prevalence of the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype in a
      nationally representative sample of children, as well as the metabolic risk
      factors identified by HW, and to identify lifestyle habits related to this
      phenotype. This national survey was conducted on 4811 representative school
      students. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the HW phenotype for
      abnormal anthropometric and biochemical factors by using receiver operator
      characteristic curves. We determined the association of dietary patterns
      (obtained by factor analysis), physical activity level and some environmental
      factors with the HW phenotype. Overall, 8.52% of participants had the HW
      phenotype. Those children with the HW phenotype were more likely to have
      cardiovascular risk factors, notably for overweight and hypercholesterolemia. The
      dietary pattern characterized by junk foods increased the odds of having the HW
      phenotype, OR = 1.426 (95%CI, 1.109, 1.892), whereas the other dietary pattern
      including healthy foods decreased this odds, OR = 0.874 (95%CI, 0.765, 0.998).
      The risk of the HW phenotype rose with the consumption of solid hydrogenated fat
      as well as white-flour bread. Low education of parents and a positive family
      history of diabetes mellitus, obesity and or premature cardiovascular disease
      were the other risk factors for the HW phenotype. Low levels of physical activity
      significantly increased the risk of having the HW phenotype. The HW phenotype can
      be used as an accurate and easy tool for screening children at metabolic risk in
      population-based studies.

PMID- 18156645
TI  - Growth of very low birth weight infants at 12 months corrected age in southern
      Brazil.
AB  - The objective of this article is to describe growth of very low birth weight
      infants born in southern Brazil. All infants weighing < or =1500 g were followed
      up until 12 months corrected age (CA). Growth was recorded at 40 weeks, 6 and 12
      months CA. Catch up was considered if the measures were > or =-2 SD of World
      Health Organization growth charts for weight and length; and of National Center
      for Health Statistics for head circumference. One hundred and ninety three
      infants born were followed up for the study. At 40 weeks CA, 57.8% patients
      achieved catch-up in weight and 50.9% in length. At 6 months CA, 82.2% achieved
      catch-up for weight and length and at 1 year CA, 92% achieved catch-up in weight
      and 86.9% in length. Catch-up in head circumference was achieved for 93.4%, 85.9%
      and 85% patients at 40 weeks, 6 months and 12 months CA, respectively. At 12
      months CA, no catch-up in weight, length and head circumference was related to
      higher SNAPPE-II (P = 0.046) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) (P = 0.003);
      longer time to achieve full enteral nutrition at the neonatal intensive care unit
      (NICU) (P = 0.037), lower maternal education (P = 0.018) and PVL (P = 0,003);
      higher SNAPPE-II (P = 0,004), PVL (P = 0.005) and longer time to achieve full
      enteral nutrition at the NICU (P = 0.044), respectively. In conclusion, PVL and
      higher SNAPPE-II were important factors to catch-up delay. Catch-up growth was
      high at 12 months CA.

PMID- 18156646
TI  - Early introduction of solids and pneumonia in young infants in Papua new Guinea:
      a case control study.
AB  - A prospective case control study to determine the association of early
      introduction of solids with admission to hospital with pneumonia was undertaken
      at Mount Hagen General Hospital (MHGH) in the highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG)
      over a 3-month period in 2005. Twenty three infants up to 6 months of age
      admitted with radiologically confirmed pneumonia were compared with 24 infants of
      similar age attending the well baby clinic for immunization and with 35 infants
      admitted to the hospital with conditions other than pneumonia or meningitis.
      There was a highly significant difference in feeding patterns between the groups.
      Children with pneumonia were much more likely than the control children to have
      started solids before the age of 2 months [OR = 18.06 (4.8-72.86)]. They were
      also significantly more likely to have been admitted previously with a diagnosis
      of pneumonia (P < 0.001). The children in each group were of comparable age and
      weight and there were no obvious confounding factors. This study provides clear
      evidence for the association between early introduction of solids and pneumonia
      in PNG highlands children. The findings are consistent with other international
      data. While the reasons for the association remain speculative, the association
      strongly reinforces the need to educate the community on best infant feeding
      practices and to discourage the early introduction of solids.

PMID- 18156647
TI  - Human touch vs. axillary digital thermometry for detection of neonatal
      hypothermia at community level.
AB  - We examined the diagnostic accuracy of human touch (HT) method in assessing
      hypothermia against axillary digital thermometry (ADT) by a trained non-medical
      field investigator (who supervised activities of community health volunteers) in
      seven villages of Agra district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Body temperature of 148
      newborns born between March and August 2005 was measured at four points in time
      for each enrolled newborn (within 48 h and on days 7, 30 and 60) by the field
      investigator under the axilla using a digital thermometer and by HT method using
      standard methodology. Total observations were 533. Hypothermia assessed by HT was
      in agreement with that assessed by ADT (<36.5 degrees C) in 498 observations.
      Hypothermia assessed by HT showed a high diagnostic accuracy when compared
      against ADT (kappa 0.65-0.81; sensitivity 74%; specificity 96.7%; positive
      predictive value 22; negative predictive value 0.26). HT is a simple, quick,
      inexpensive and programmatically important method. However, being a subjective
      assessment, its reliability depends on the investigator being adequately trained
      and competent in making consistently accurate assessments. There is also a need
      to assess whether with training and supervision even the less literate mothers,
      traditional birth attendants and community health volunteers can accurately
      assess mild and moderate hypothermia before promoting HT for early identification
      of neonatal risk in community-based programs.

PMID- 18156648
TI  - Human ovarian biopsies as a viable source of pre-antral follicles.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Our knowledge of the early pre-antral stage of human folliculogenesis
      is still poor due to small follicle size and the limited availability of human
      ovarian tissue. Our aim was to determine the utility of ovarian biopsy for pre
      antral follicle research. METHODS: Ovarian cortical biopsies were obtained from
      women (28-46 years old) undergoing elective Caesarean sections or total abdominal
      hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for a variety of benign
      gynaecological conditions. Follicle isolation and staging was performed according
      to a well-established protocol, involving enzymatic digestion, isolation using
      fine needles and image capture analysis software. RNA was also isolated for
      reverse transcription. RESULTS: More than 351 follicles were retrieved from 19
      patients and 249 were classifiable into follicle stages: 80 primordial, 53
      transitional, 82 primary, 26 secondary and 8 multilaminar. All samples, except
      two from women aged over 40 years, yielded follicles. The average yield of
      classifiable follicles/patient was 13. There was an age-related decline in mean
      follicle numbers/patient (r(2) = -0.986). Microgram quantities of complementary
      DNA per follicle were synthesized. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the heterogeneous
      distribution of follicles throughout the cortex and the significant age-related
      decline in the numbers of follicles retrieved, biopsy samples of ovarian cortical
      tissue provide a useful source of pre-antral follicles. This, coupled with the
      sensitivity of genomic technology, makes this method a viable research approach.

PMID- 18156649
TI  - Diagnostic efficiency, embryonic development and clinical outcome after the
      biopsy of one or two blastomeres for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis or screening (PGD, PGS) involves
      embryo biopsy on Day 3. Opting for one- or two-cell biopsy is a balance between
      the lowest risk for misdiagnosis on the one hand and the highest chance for a
      pregnancy on the other hand. METHODS: A prospective controlled trial was designed
      and 592 ICSI cycles were randomly assigned to the one-cell (group I) or the two
      cell group (group II). Primary outcomes were diagnostic efficiency and embryonic
      development to delivery with live birth (analysed by cycle). The false-positive
      rate for the PCR cycles is presented as a secondary outcome (analysed by embryo).
      RESULTS: A strong significant correlation was observed between embryonic
      developmental stage on Day 3 and post-biopsy in vitro development on Day 5 (P <
      0.0001). The influence of the intervention on Day 3 was less significant (P =
      0.007): the biopsy of one cell is less invasive than the biopsy of two cells. PCR
      diagnostic efficiency was 88.6% in group I and 96.4% in group II (P = 0.008). For
      the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) PGD cycles no significant
      difference in efficiency was obtained (98.2 and 97.5% in group I and II,
      respectively). Similar delivery rates with live birth per started cycle were
      obtained [58/287 or 20.2% in group I versus 52/303 or 17.2% in group II, P =
      0.358; the absolute risk reduction = 3.05%; 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.24,
      9.34]. Post-PGD PCR reanalysis showed six false positives in 97 embryos (6.2%) in
      group II and none in group I (91 embryos reanalysed). No false negatives were
      found. CONCLUSIONS: While removal of two blastomeres decreases the likelihood of
      blastocyst formation, compared with removal of one blastomere, Day 3 in vitro
      developmental stage is a stronger predictor for Day 5 developmental potential
      than the removal of one or two cells. The biopsy of only one cell significantly
      lowers the efficiency of a PCR-based diagnosis, whereas the efficiency of the
      FISH PGD procedure remains similar whether one or two cells are removed. Delivery
      rates with live birth per started cycle were not significantly different.

PMID- 18156650
TI  - Proteomic analysis of human omental adipose tissue in the polycystic ovary
      syndrome using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Our aim was to study the protein expression profiles of omental
      adipose tissue biopsies obtained from morbidly obese women with or without
      polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) at the time of bariatric surgery to evaluate the
      possible involvement of visceral adiposity in the development of PCOS. METHODS:
      Ten PCOS patients and nine control samples were included. We used two-dimensional
      difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) followed by in-gel digestion, and mass
      spectrometry (MS) of selected protein spots. RESULTS: The 2D-DIGE technology
      allowed the analysis of approximately 1840 protein spots in the comparative study
      of control and patient proteomes, revealing 15 statistically significant spot
      changes (>2-fold, P < 0.05). Unambiguous protein identification was achieved for
      9 of these 15 spots by MS. This preliminary study revealed differences in
      expression of proteins that may be involved in lipid and glucose metabolism,
      oxidative stress processes and adipocyte differentiation; they include
      proapolipoprotein Apo-A1, annexin V, glutathione S-transferase M3 (GSTM3),
      triosephosphate isomerase, peroxiredoxin 2 isoform a, actin and adipocyte plasma
      membrane-associated protein. The most relevant finding was an increase of GSTM3
      in the omental fat of PCOS patients confirming previous studies conducted by our
      group. CONCLUSIONS: Proteomic analysis of omental fat reveals differential
      expression of several proteins in PCOS patients and non-hyperandrogenic women
      presenting with morbid obesity. The application of this novel methodology adds
      further evidence to support the role of visceral adiposity in the pathogenesis of
      PCOS.

PMID- 18156651
TI  - Weighted clustering of called array CGH data.
AB  - Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a laboratory technique to
      measure chromosomal copy number changes. A clear biological interpretation of the
      measurements is obtained by mapping these onto an ordinal scale with categories
      loss/normal/gain of a copy. The pattern of gains and losses harbors a level of
      tumor specificity. Here, we present WECCA (weighted clustering of called aCGH
      data), a method for weighted clustering of samples on the basis of the ordinal
      aCGH data. Two similarities to be used in the clustering and particularly suited
      for ordinal data are proposed, which are generalized to deal with weighted
      observations. In addition, a new form of linkage, especially suited for ordinal
      data, is introduced. In a simulation study, we show that the proposed cluster
      method is competitive to clustering using the continuous data. We illustrate
      WECCA using an application to a breast cancer data set, where WECCA finds a
      clustering that relates better with survival than the original one.

PMID- 18156652
TI  - Long-term functional outcome and performance status after intensive care unit re
      admission: a prospective survey.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Intensive care unit (ICU) re-admission identifies a high-risk group
      in terms of hospital mortality, length of stay, and resource utilization. Only
      hospital and ICU mortality are well described in the literature on critically ill
      patients needing re-admission. METHODS: With ethical committee approval, from a
      prospectively collected database of all admissions to a combined medical and
      surgical ICU from January 1 to December 31, 2004, we identified all ICU re
      admissions from within the hospital and analysed the factors associated with
      increased incidence of re-admission. At 2-3 yr after discharge, we evaluated the
      functional outcome of the surviving re-admitted patients as Glasgow Outcome Score
      (GOS) and Karnofsky index and identified determinants of both mortality and good
      functional outcome. RESULTS: Seventy-three (7.4%) of the 1061 patients who
      survived their first ICU stay were re-admitted during the study period. Of the 73
      re-admitted patients, 14 died in ICU, 17 died later in the same hospital stay,
      and 10 died in the interim. Thus, 32 (43.8%) were alive 2-3 yr after discharge.
      The median [IQR] GOS of the survivors was 4 (see Mackle and colleagues in One
      year outcome of intensive care patients with decompensated alcoholic liver
      disease. CONCLUSIONS: Although the ICU, hospital, and subsequent mortalities are
      high in patients after ICU re-admission, most survivors at 2-3 yr had by then
      made a good functional recovery and were independent.

PMID- 18156654
TI  - Quality of care and survival of haemodialysed patients in western Switzerland.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Many factors affect survival in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Our aim
      was to study whether quality of clinical care may affect survival in this
      population, when adjusted for demographic characteristics and co-morbidities.
      METHODS: We studied survival in 553 patients treated by chronic HD during March
      2001 in 21 dialysis facilities in western Switzerland. Indicators of quality of
      care were established for anaemia control, calcium and phosphate product, serum
      albumin, pre-dialysis blood pressure (BP), type of vascular access and dialysis
      adequacy (spKt/V) and their baseline values were related to 3-year survival. The
      modified Charlson co-morbidity index (including age) and transplantation status
      were also considered as a predictor of survival. RESULTS: Three-year survival was
      obtained for 96% of the patients; 39% (211/541) of these patients had died. The 3
      year survival was 50, 62 and 69%, respectively, in patients who had 0-2, 3 and
      >or=4 fulfilled indicators of quality of care (test for linear trend, P < 0.001).
      In a Cox multivariate analysis model, the absence of transplantation, a higher
      modified Charlson's score, decreased fulfilment of indicators of good clinical
      care and low pre-dialysis systolic BP were independent predictors of death.
      CONCLUSION: Good clinical care improves survival in HD patients, even after
      adjustment for availability of transplantation and co-morbidities.

PMID- 18156655
TI  - Donor-reactive cytokine profiles after HLA-identical living-related kidney
      transplantation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: After HLA-identical living-related (LR) kidney transplantation, only
      non-HLA antigen mismatches between donor and recipient may exist. We questioned
      whether donor-reactive responses against non-HLA antigens could be found after
      HLA-identical LR kidney transplantation, and wondered whether donor reactivity in
      the HLA-identical setting was different from the HLA-mismatched setting during
      immunological quiescence. Healthy individuals served as controls. METHODS:
      Elispot assays were performed to determine the number of alloreactive IFN-gamma
      producing cells (pc), IL-10 pc, granzyme B (GrB) pc and IL-13 pc from peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HLA-identical, HLA-mismatched LR kidney
      transplant recipients and healthy individuals. RESULTS: The frequency of
      alloreactive IFN-gamma pc, IL-13 pc and GrB pc was higher in healthy individuals
      compared to both transplant patient groups. In the HLA-identical group,
      significantly higher numbers of donor-reactive IL-10 pc were found compared to
      their autologous control. These frequencies were also higher compared to the HLA
      mismatched and healthy control group. The number of donor-reactive GrB pc was
      higher in the HLA-mismatched group than in the HLA-identical group. Donor
      reactive IFN-gamma pc and IL-13 pc were comparable in both transplant groups.
      CONCLUSIONS: In recipients of HLA-identical LR kidney transplant, high donor
      reactive IL-10 pc, in combination with low donor-reactive IFN-gamma pc, IL-13 pc
      and GrB pc, suggests active downregulation of reactivity against non-HLA
      molecules.

PMID- 18156656
TI  - Antithrombin activity and disaccharide composition of dermatan sulfate from
      different bovine tissues.
AB  - Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan that selectively inhibits the action of
      thrombin through interaction with heparin cofactor II. Unlike heparin it does not
      interact with other coagulation factors and is able to inhibit thrombin
      associated with clots. This property has made dermatan sulfate an attractive
      candidate as an antithrombotic drug. Previous studies have showed that dermatan
      sulfate derived from porcine/bovine intestinal mucosa/skin or marine
      invertebrates is capable of stimulating heparin cofactor II-mediated thrombin
      inhibition in vitro. This biological activity is reported for the first time in
      this study using dermatan sulfate derived from mammalian tissues other than
      intestinal mucosa or skin. Ten different bovine tissues including the aorta,
      diaphragm, eyes, large and small intestine, esophagus, skin, tendon, tongue, and
      tongue skin were used to prepare dermatan sulfate-enriched fractions by anion
      exchange chromatography and acetone precipitation. Heparin cofactor II/dermatan
      sulfate-mediated thrombin inhibition measured in vitro revealed activity
      comparable to or higher than the commercial standard with 2-fold differences
      observed between some tissues. Analysis of the extracted dermatan sulfate using
      fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis revealed significant
      differences in the relative percentage of all the mono-sulfated disaccharides, in
      particular the predominant mammalian disaccharide uronic acid-->N-acetyl-D
      galactosamine-4-O-sulfate, confirming previous reports regarding variations in
      sulfation in dermatan sulfate from different tissues. Overall, these findings
      demonstrate that dermatan sulfate extracted from a range of bovine tissues
      exhibits in vitro antithrombin activity equivalent to or higher than that
      observed for porcine intestinal mucosa, identifying additional sources of
      dermatan sulfate as potential antithrombotic agents.

PMID- 18156657
TI  - An arsenate-activated glutaredoxin from the arsenic hyperaccumulator fern Pteris
      vittata L. regulates intracellular arsenite.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanisms of arsenic resistance in the arsenic hyperaccumulator
      fern Pteris vittata L., a cDNA for a glutaredoxin (Grx) Pv5-6 was isolated from a
      frond expression cDNA library based on the ability of the cDNA to increase
      arsenic resistance in Escherichia coli. The deduced amino acid sequence of Pv5-6
      showed high homology with an Arabidopsis chloroplastic Grx and contained two CXXS
      putative catalytic motifs. Purified recombinant Pv5-6 exhibited glutaredoxin
      activity that was increased 1.6-fold by 10 mm arsenate. Site-specific mutation of
      Cys(67) to Ala(67) resulted in the loss of both GRX activity and arsenic
      resistance. PvGrx5 was expressed in E. coli mutants in which the arsenic
      resistance genes of the ars operon were deleted (strain AW3110), a deletion of
      the gene for the ArsC arsenate reductase (strain WC3110), and a strain in which
      the ars operon was deleted and the gene for the GlpF aquaglyceroporin was
      disrupted (strain OSBR1). Expression of PvGrx5 increased arsenic tolerance in
      strains AW3110 and WC3110, but not in OSBR1, suggesting that PvGrx5 had a role in
      cellular arsenic resistance independent of the ars operon genes but dependent on
      GlpF. AW3110 cells expressing PvGrx5 had significantly lower levels of arsenite
      when compared with vector controls when cultured in medium containing 2.5 mm
      arsenate. Our results are consistent with PvGrx5 having a role in regulating
      intracellular arsenite levels, by either directly or indirectly modulating the
      aquaglyceroporin. To our knowledge, PvGrx5 is the first plant Grx implicated in
      arsenic metabolism.

PMID- 18156658
TI  - Effect of carbohydrate intake during recovery from eccentric exercise on
      interleukin-6 and muscle-damage markers.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether carbohydrate
      supplementation during the first 2 d postexercise recovery influenced the
      inflammation (IL-6, C-reactive protein [CRP], and cortisol) and muscle-damage
      responses. Eight participants performed a high-force eccentric elbow-flexion
      exercise to induce muscle soreness and inflammation and then consumed
      carbohydrate (0.25 g.kg(-1).h(-1)) or an equal volume of placebo during hours 0
      12 and 24-36 postexercise in a double-blind, crossover protocol. Muscle soreness;
      midbrachial arm circumference; blood glucose, IL-6, CRP, cortisol, and creatine
      kinase (CK) activity; and maximal force production were measured preexercise and
      4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 120 h postexercise. Plasma IL-6 increased, F(5) = 5.27, P <
      0.05, 8 h postexercise, with no difference between carbohydrate and placebo
      conditions. Changes in muscle soreness, arm circumference, strength, and serum CK
      activity were consistent with small amounts of muscle damage and did not differ
      between conditions. The authors conclude that carbohydrate supplementation during
      recovery from soreness-inducing exercise does not influence the delayed IL-6
      response temporally linked to inflammation or indications of muscle damage. Thus,
      increased carbohydrate consumption at levels consistent with recommendations for
      replenishing glycogen stores does not impair or promote the immune and muscle
      responses.

PMID- 18156659
TI  - Effect of protein-rich feeding on recovery after intense exercise.
AB  - Carbohydrate ingestion after prolonged strenuous exercise enhances recovery, but
      protein might also be important. In a crossover with 2-wk washout, 10 cyclists
      completed 2.5 h of intervals followed by 4-h recovery feeding, provided 218 g
      protein, 435 g carbohydrate, and 79 g fat (protein enriched) or 34 g protein, 640
      g carbohydrate, and 79 g fat (isocaloric control). The next morning, cyclists
      performed 10 maximal constant-work sprints on a Velotron cycle ergometer, each
      lasting approximately 2.5 min, at approximately 5-min intervals. Test validity
      was established and test reliability and the individual response to the protein
      enriched condition estimated by 6 cyclists'repeating the intervals, recovery
      feeding, and performance test 2 wk later in the protein-enriched condition.
      During the 4-h recovery, the protein-enriched feeding had unclear effects on mean
      concentrations of plasma insulin, cortisol, and growth hormone, but testosterone
      was 25% higher (90% confidence limits, +/- 14%). Protein enrichment also reduced
      plasma creatine kinase by 33% (+/-38%) the next morning and reduced tiredness and
      leg-soreness sensations during the sprints, but effects on mean sprint power were
      unclear (-1.4%, +/-4.3%). The between-subjects trial-to-trial coefficient of
      variation in overall mean sprint power was 3.1% (+/-3.4%), whereas the variation
      in the protein-enriched condition was 5.9% (+/-6.9%), suggesting that individual
      responses to the protein-enriched treatment contributed to the unclear
      performance outcome. To conclude, protein-enriched recovery feeding had no clear
      effect on next-day performance.

PMID- 18156660
TI  - Effect of protein ingestion on energy expenditure and substrate utilization after
      exercise in middle-aged women.
AB  - Research suggests that ingesting protein after resistance exercise (RE) increases
      muscle protein synthesis and results in greater muscle gains. The effect on
      energy expenditure and substrate utilization, however, is unclear. This study
      evaluated the effect of RE and postexercise protein on recovery energy
      expenditure and substrate utilization in 17 women (age 46.5 +/- 1.2 y). A whey
      protein supplement (120 kcal, 30 g protein) was ingested immediately after 1 bout
      of RE (PRO) and a noncaloric placebo after another (PLA).VO2 and respiratory
      exchange ratio (RER) were measured before and for 120 min after each exercise
      session. RE resulted in a significant increase in VO2 that persisted through 90
      min of recovery (P < 0.01) and was not affected by protein supplementation. RE
      significantly lowered RER, resulting in an increase in fat oxidation for both PLA
      and PRO (P < 0.01). For PRO, however, RER returned to baseline values earlier
      than for PLA, resulting in a reduced fat-oxidation response (P = 0.02) and
      earlier return to preexercise baseline values than for PLA. Substrate utilization
      was significantly different between conditions (P = 0.02), with fat contributing
      77.76% +/- 2.19% for PLA and 72.12% +/- 2.17% for PRO, while protein oxidation
      increased from 17.18% +/- 1.33% for PLA to 20.82% +/- 1.47% for PRO. Postexercise
      protein did not affect energy expenditure, but when protein was available as an
      alternate fuel fat oxidation was diminished. Based on these findings it might be
      beneficial for middle-aged women to delay protein intake after RE to maximize fat
      utilization.

PMID- 18156661
TI  - Multiple bouts of resistance exercise and postprandial triacylglycerol and serum
      C-reactive-protein concentrations.
AB  - The present study examined how multiple bouts of resistance exercise, performed
      over 1 d, influence 2 risk factors--postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) and serum
      C-reactive-protein (CRP) concentrations--associated with coronary heart disease.
      Twenty-four men age 23.5 (SD 3.4) y completed two 2-d trials, exercise and
      control, at least 1 wk apart in a counterbalanced randomized design. On day 1 of
      the exercise trials participants completed 20 sets of 15 repetitions of 5
      different resistance exercises divided into five 45-min bouts of exercise--100
      sets and 1500 repetitions in total for all exercises. Exercises were performed at
      30-40% of 1-repetition maximum. Blood samples were taken before and after
      exercise. On day 1 of the control trial participants were inactive, with blood
      samples taken at time points corresponding to the exercise trial. On day 2 of
      both trials participants consumed a test meal (0.89 g fat, 1.23 g carbohydrate,
      0.4 g protein, 60 kJ per kg body mass). Blood samples were obtained fasted and
      for 6 h postprandially. Total area under the postprandial TAG concentration
      versus time curve was 12% lower in the exercise than in the control trial (8.76
      [3.54] vs. 9.94 [4.31] mmol.L(-1).6 h-1, respectively; P = 0.037). Serum CRP
      concentrations did not change over the 2 d in the control trial but increased in
      the exercise trial: trial x time interaction (P = 0.028). Multiple bouts of
      resistance exercise reduce postprandial TAG concentrations but increase serum CRP
      concentrations. The extent to which these findings are clinically relevant
      requires further study.

PMID- 18156662
TI  - Sweat mineral-element responses during 7 h of exercise-heat stress.
AB  - CONTEXT: Uncertainty exists regarding the effect of sustained sweating on sweat
      mineral-element composition. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of multiple hours
      of exercise-heat stress on sweat mineral concentrations. METHODS: Seven heat
      acclimated subjects (6 males, 1 female) completed 5 x 60 min of treadmill
      exercise (1.56 m/s, 2% grade) with 20 min rest between exercise periods in 2
      weather conditions (27 degrees C, 40% relative humidity, 1 m/s and 35 degrees C,
      30%, 1 m/s). Sweat was collected from a sweat-collection pouch attached to the
      upper back during exercise bouts 1, 3, and 5. Mineral elements were determined by
      using inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrography. RESULTS: At 27 degrees
      C, sweat sodium (863 [563] microg/mL; mean [SD]), potassium (222 [48] microg/mL),
      calcium (16 [7]) microg/mL), magnesium (1265 [566] ng/mL), and copper (80 [56]
      ng/mL) remained similar to baseline over 7 h of exercise-heat stress, whereas
      sweat zinc declined 42-45% after the initial hour of exercise-heat stress (Ex1 =
      655 [362], Ex3 = 382 [168], Ex5 = 355 [288] microg/mL, P < 0.05). Similar
      outcomes were observed for sweat zinc at 35 degrees C when sweat rates were
      higher. Sweat rate had no effect on sweat trace-element composition. CONCLUSIONS:
      Sweat sodium, potassium, and calcium losses during multiple hours of sustained
      sweating can be predicted from initial sweat composition. Estimates of sweat zinc
      losses, however, will be overestimated if sweat zinc conservation is not
      accounted for in sweat zinc-loss estimates.

PMID- 18156663
TI  - Water balance and salt losses in competitive football.
AB  - Fluid balance and sweat electrolyte losses were measured in the players and
      substitutes engaged in an English Premier League Reserve competitive football
      match played at an ambient temperature of 6-8 degrees C (relative humidity 50
      60%). Intake of water and/or sports drink and urine output were recorded, and
      sweat composition was estimated from absorbent swabs applied to 4 skin sites for
      the duration of the game. Body mass was recorded before and after the game. Data
      were obtained for 22 players (age 21 y, height 180 cm, mass 78 kg) and 9
      substitutes (17 y, 181 cm, 72 kg). All were male. Two of the players were
      dismissed during the game, and none of the substitutes played any part in the
      game. Mean +/- SD sweat loss of players amounted to 1.68 +/- 0.40 L, and mean
      fluid intake was 0.84 +/- 0.47 L (n = 20), with no difference between teams.
      Corresponding values for substitutes, none of whom played in the match, were 0.40
      +/- 0.24 L and 0.78 +/- 0.46 L (n = 9). Prematch urine osmolality was 678 +/- 344
      mOsm/kg: 11 of the 31 players provided samples with an osmolality of more than
      900 mOsm/kg. Sweat sodium concentration was 62 +/- 13 mmol/L, and total sweat
      sodium loss during the game was 2.4 +/- 0.8 g. These descriptive data show a
      large individual variability in hydration status, sweat losses, and drinking
      behaviors in a competitive football match played in a cool environment,
      highlighting the need for individualized assessment of hydration status to
      optimize fluid-replacement strategies.

PMID- 18156664
TI  - Branched-chain amino acid supplementation and indicators of muscle damage after
      endurance exercise.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether branched-chain amino acid
      (BCAA) supplementation attenuates indirect indicators of muscle damage during
      endurance exercise as compared with an isocaloric, carbohydrate (CHO) beverage or
      a noncaloric placebo (PLAC) beverage. Nine untrained men performed three 90 min
      cycling bouts at 55% VO 2peak. Subjects, blinded to beverage selection, ingested
      a total of 200 kcal of energy via the CHO or BCAA beverage before and at 60 min
      of exercise, or they drank the PLAC beverage. Creatine kinase (CK), lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH), isokinetic leg-extension and -flexion torque, and muscle
      soreness were assessed before and immediately, 4 h, 24 h, and 48 h postexercise.
      The trials were separated by 8 wk. CK activities were significantly lower after
      the BCAA trial than in the PLAC trial at 4, 24, and 48 h postexercise, as well as
      lower than the CHO beverage at 24 h postexercise. CK was lower in the CHO trial
      at the 24- and 48-h time points than in the PLAC trial. LDH activities were lower
      in the BCAA trial at 4 h than in the PLAC trial. As compared with the CHO and
      PLAC trials, ratings of perceived soreness were lower at 24 h postexercise, and
      leg-flexion torque was higher at the 48-h time point after the BCAA trial. The
      present data suggest that BCAA supplementation attenuates muscle damage during
      prolonged endurance exercise in untrained college-age men. CHO ingestion
      attenuates CK activities at 24 and 48 h postexercise as compared with a placebo
      beverage.

PMID- 18156665
TI  - Effects of an amino acid/creatine energy supplement on the acute hormonal
      response to resistance exercise.
AB  - The authors aimed to examine the acute hormonal and performance responses to
      resistance exercise with and without prior consumption of an amino
      acid/creatine/energy supplement. Eight men performed a resistance-exercise
      protocol at baseline (BL), 20 min after consuming a supplement (S) consisting of
      essential amino acids, creatine, taurine, caffeine, and glucuronolactone or a
      maltodextrin placebo (P). Venous blood samples were obtained before and
      immediately after (IP), 15 min (15P), and 30 min (30P) after each protocol. Area
      under the curve of resistance-exercise volume revealed that BL was significantly
      less than S (10%) and P (8.6%). For fatigue rate, only S (18.4% +/- 12.0%) was
      significantly lower than BL (32.9% +/- 8.4%). Total testosterone (TT) and growth
      hormone (GH) were significantly elevated at IP and 15P in all conditions. The GH
      response was significantly lower, however, in S and P than in BL. The TT and GH
      responses did not differ between S and P. These results indicated that a
      supplement consisting of amino acids, creatine, taurine, caffeine, and
      glucuronolactone can modestly improve high-intensity endurance; however, the
      anabolic-hormonal response was not augmented.

PMID- 18156666
TI  - Parallel increases in phosphocreatine and total creatine in human vastus
      lateralis muscle during creatine supplementation.
AB  - Short-term creatine supplementation is reported to result in a decreased ratio of
      phosphocreatine (PCr) to total creatine (TCr) in human skeletal muscle at rest.
      Assuming equilibrium of the creatine kinase reaction, this decrease in PCr:TCr
      implies increased cytoplasmic ADP and decreased Gibbs free energy of ATP
      hydrolysis in muscle, which seems contrary to the reported ergogenic benefits of
      creatine supplementation. This study measured changes in PCr and TCr in vastus
      lateralis muscle of adult men (N = 6, 21-35 y old) during and 1 day after 5 d of
      creatine monohydrate supplementation (0.43 g.kg body weight(-1).d(-1)) using
      noninvasive 31P and 1H magnetic-resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Plasma and red
      blood-cell creatine increased by 10-fold and 2-fold, respectively, by the third
      day of supplementation. MRS-measured skeletal muscle PCr and TCr increased
      linearly and in parallel throughout the 5 d, and there was no significant
      difference in the percentage increase in muscle PCr (11.7% +/- 2.3% after 5 d)
      vs. TCr (14.9% +/- 4.1%) at any time point. The results indicate that creatine
      supplementation does not alter the PCr:TCr ratio, and hence the cytoplasmic Gibbs
      free energy of ATP hydrolysis, in human skeletal muscle at rest.

PMID- 18156667
TI  - Fascinating quasicrystals.
AB  - It took Dan Shechtman more than two years to get his discovery of an Al-Mn phase
      with icosahedral diffraction symmetry and sharp Bragg reflections published. A
      paradigm shift had to take place before this novel ordering state of matter -
      seemingly contradicting crystallographic laws - could be accepted. Today, more
      than 25 years later, the existence of quasicrystals is beyond doubt. However, not
      everything is settled yet. All the factors governing formation, growth, stability
      and structure of quasicrystals are still not fully understood, nor is it resolved
      whether their structures are strictly or only on average quasiperiodic, and it is
      still an open question why only quasicrystals with 5-, 8-, 10- and 12-fold
      rotational symmetry have been experimentally observed so far. These points will
      be addressed in this review article.

PMID- 18156668
TI  - Neutron protein crystallography: beyond the folding structure of biological
      macromolecules.
AB  - Neutron diffraction provides an experimental method of directly locating H atoms
      in proteins, a technique complementary to ultra-high-resolution X-ray
      diffraction. Three different types of neutron diffractometers for biological
      macromolecules have been constructed in Japan, France and the USA, and they have
      been used to determine the crystal structures of proteins up to resolution limits
      of 1.5-2.5 A. Results relating to H-atom positions and hydration patterns in
      proteins have been obtained from these studies. Examples include the geometrical
      details of hydrogen bonds, the role of H atoms in enzymatic activity, CH3
      configuration, H/D exchange in proteins and oligonucleotides, and the dynamical
      behavior of hydration structures, all of which have been extracted from these
      structural results and reviewed. Other techniques, such as the growth of large
      single crystals and a database of hydrogen and hydration in proteins, are
      described.

PMID- 18156669
TI  - The interpretation and analysis of diffuse scattering using Monte Carlo
      simulation methods.
AB  - Studies of diffuse scattering had a prominent place in the first issue of Acta
      Crystallographica 60 years ago at a time when conventional crystallography
      (determination of the average structure from Bragg peaks) was in its infancy.
      Since that time, conventional crystallography has developed enormously while
      diffuse-scattering analysis has seemingly lagged well behind. The paper
      highlights some of the extra difficulties involved in the measurement,
      interpretation and analysis of diffuse scattering and plots the progress that has
      been made. With the advent of the latest X-ray and neutron sources, area
      detectors and the ever-increasing power of computers, most disorder problems are
      now tractable. Two recent contrasting examples are described which highlight what
      can be achieved by current methods.

PMID- 18156670
TI  - Report on a project on three-dimensional imaging of the biological cell by single
      particle X-ray diffraction.
AB  - Single-particle X-ray diffraction is an extension of X-ray crystallography which
      allows the specimen to be any small solid-state bounded object; in Shapiro et al.
      [Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA (2005), 102, 15343-15346] and Thibault et al. [Acta
      Cryst. (2006), A62, 248-261], the reader can find descriptions of a recent
      StonyBrook/Berkeley/Cornell two-dimensional imaging of a yeast cell by this
      technique. Our present work is aimed at extending the technique to the three
      dimensional imaging of a cell. However, the usual method of doing that, namely
      rotating the specimen into many orientations in the X-ray beam, has not as yet
      given sufficiently good three-dimensional diffraction data to allow the work to
      go forward, the largest problem being the difficulty of preventing unwanted
      levels of change in the specimen through the extended exposure to a hostile
      environment of X-rays and, in some cases, high vacuum and/or extreme cold. The
      present paper discusses possible methods of dealing with this problem.

PMID- 18156671
TI  - Report on a project on three-dimensional imaging of the biological cell by single
      particle X-ray diffraction. Addendum.
AB  - In the paper by Sayre [Acta Cryst. (2008), A64, 33-35], a proposal is made to use
      stereoscopy as a short-term means of overcoming the primarily technological
      hurdles involved in three-dimensional imaging of the biological cell by soft X
      ray diffraction microscopy. This addendum provides a broader perspective on the
      techniques used by this rapidly maturing community to investigate structural
      problems in the biological and material sciences.

PMID- 18156672
TI  - Crystallographic publishing in the electronic age.
AB  - The journals of the International Union of Crystallography have grown in size and
      number over the past 60 years to match developments in scientific practice and
      technique. High quality of publication has always been at the forefront of
      editorial policy and ways in which this has been achieved are described. In
      particular, the development of standard exchange and archive formats for
      crystallographic data has allowed the editorial office to conduct automated
      analyses of structural data supporting articles submitted for publication and
      these analyses assist the scientific editors in careful and critical peer review.
      The new information technologies of the Internet age have allowed the IUCr
      journals to flourish and to provide a wide range of powerful services to authors,
      editors and readers alike. The integration of literature and supporting
      structural data is of particular importance. The new technologies have also
      brought fresh economic and cultural challenges, and offer completely new
      opportunities to disseminate the results of scientific research. The journals
      continue to respond to these challenges and take advantage of new opportunities
      in innovative ways.

PMID- 18156673
TI  - Structure determination from powder diffraction data.
AB  - Advances made over the past decade in structure determination from powder
      diffraction data are reviewed with particular emphasis on algorithmic
      developments and the successes and limitations of the technique. While global
      optimization methods have been successful in the solution of molecular crystal
      structures, new methods are required to make the solution of inorganic crystal
      structures more routine. The use of complementary techniques such as NMR to
      assist structure solution is discussed and the potential for the combined use of
      X-ray and neutron diffraction data for structure verification is explored.
      Structures that have proved difficult to solve from powder diffraction data are
      reviewed and the limitations of structure determination from powder diffraction
      data are discussed. Furthermore, the prospects of solving small protein crystal
      structures over the next decade are assessed.

PMID- 18156674
TI  - Busting out of crystallography's Sisyphean prison: from pencil and paper to
      structure solving at the press of a button: past, present and future of
      crystallographic software development, maintenance and distribution.
AB  - The history of crystallographic computing and use of crystallographic software is
      one which traces the escape from the drudgery of manual human calculations to a
      world where the user delegates most of the travail to electronic computers. In
      practice, this involves practising crystallographers communicating their thoughts
      to the crystallographic program authors, in the hope that new procedures will be
      implemented within their software. Against this background, the development of
      small-molecule single-crystal and powder diffraction software is traced. Starting
      with the analogue machines and the use of Hollerith tabulators of the late
      1930's, it is shown that computing developments have been science led, with new
      technologies being harnessed to solve pressing crystallographic problems. The
      development of software is also traced, with a final caution that few of the
      computations now performed daily are really understood by the program users.
      Unless a sufficient body of people continues to dismantle and re-build programs,
      the knowledge encoded in the old programs will become as inaccessible as the
      knowledge of how to build the Great Pyramid at Giza.

PMID- 18156675
TI  - The Protein Data Bank: a historical perspective.
AB  - The Protein Data Bank began as a grassroots effort in 1971. It has grown from a
      small archive containing a dozen structures to a major international resource for
      structural biology containing more than 40000 entries. The interplay of science,
      technology and attitudes about data sharing have all played a role in the growth
      of this resource.

PMID- 18156676
TI  - Does mathematical crystallography still have a role in the XXI century?
AB  - Mathematical crystallography is the branch of crystallography dealing
      specifically with the fundamental properties of symmetry and periodicity of
      crystals, topological properties of crystal structures, twins, modular and
      modulated structures, polytypes and OD structures, as well as the symmetry
      aspects of phase transitions and physical properties of crystals. Mathematical
      crystallography has had its most evident success with the development of the
      theory of space groups at the end of the XIX century; since then, it has greatly
      enlarged its applications, but crystallographers are not always familiar with the
      developments that followed, partly because the applications sometimes require
      some additional background that the structural crystallographer does not always
      possess (as is the case, for example, in graph theory). The knowledge offered by
      mathematical crystallography is at present only partly mirrored in International
      Tables for Crystallography and is sometimes still enshrined in more specialist
      texts and publications. To cover this communication gap is one of the tasks of
      the IUCr Commission on Mathematical and Theoretical Crystallography (MaThCryst).

PMID- 18156677
TI  - A short history of SHELX.
AB  - An account is given of the development of the SHELX system of computer programs
      from SHELX-76 to the present day. In addition to identifying useful innovations
      that have come into general use through their implementation in SHELX, a critical
      analysis is presented of the less-successful features, missed opportunities and
      desirable improvements for future releases of the software. An attempt is made to
      understand how a program originally designed for photographic intensity data,
      punched cards and computers over 10000 times slower than an average modern
      personal computer has managed to survive for so long. SHELXL is the most widely
      used program for small-molecule refinement and SHELXS and SHELXD are often
      employed for structure solution despite the availability of objectively superior
      programs. SHELXL also finds a niche for the refinement of macromolecules against
      high-resolution or twinned data; SHELXPRO acts as an interface for macromolecular
      applications. SHELXC, SHELXD and SHELXE are proving useful for the experimental
      phasing of macromolecules, especially because they are fast and robust and so are
      often employed in pipelines for high-throughput phasing. This paper could serve
      as a general literature citation when one or more of the open-source SHELX
      programs (and the Bruker AXS version SHELXTL) are employed in the course of a
      crystal-structure determination.

PMID- 18156678
TI  - The charge flipping algorithm.
AB  - This paper summarizes the current state of charge flipping, a recently developed
      algorithm of ab initio structure determination. Its operation is based on the
      perturbation of large plateaus of low electron density but not directly on
      atomicity. Such a working principle radically differs from that of classical
      direct methods and offers complementary applications. The list of successful
      structure-solution cases includes periodic and aperiodic crystals using single
      crystal and powder diffraction data measured with X-ray and neutron radiation.
      Apart from counting applications, the paper mainly deals with algorithmic issues:
      it describes and compares new variants of the iteration scheme, helps to identify
      and improve solutions, discusses the required data and the use of known
      information. Finally, it tries to foretell the future of such an alternative
      among well established direct methods.

PMID- 18156679
TI  - High-pressure crystallography.
AB  - Since the late 1950's, high-pressure structural studies have become increasingly
      frequent, following the inception of opposed-anvil cells, development of
      efficient diffractometric equipment (brighter radiation sources both in
      laboratories and in synchrotron facilities, highly efficient area detectors) and
      procedures (for crystal mounting, centring, pressure calibration, collecting and
      correcting data). Consequently, during the last decades, high-pressure
      crystallography has evolved into a powerful technique which can be routinely
      applied in laboratories and dedicated synchrotron and neutron facilities. The
      variation of pressure adds a new thermodynamic dimension to crystal-structure
      analyses, and extends the understanding of the solid state and materials in
      general. New areas of thermodynamic exploration of phase diagrams, polymorphism,
      transformations between different phases and cohesion forces, structure-property
      relations, and a deeper understanding of matter at the atomic scale in general
      are accessible with the high-pressure techniques in hand. A brief history,
      guidelines and requirements for performing high-pressure structural studies are
      outlined.

PMID- 18156680
TI  - Electron crystallography: imaging and single-crystal diffraction from powders.
AB  - The study of crystals at atomic level by electrons - electron crystallography -
      is an important complement to X-ray crystallography. There are two main
      advantages of structure determinations by electron crystallography compared to X
      ray diffraction: (i) crystals millions of times smaller than those needed for X
      ray diffraction can be studied and (ii) the phases of the crystallographic
      structure factors, which are lost in X-ray diffraction, are present in
      transmission-electron-microscopy (TEM) images. In this paper, some recent
      developments of electron crystallography and its applications, mainly on
      inorganic crystals, are shown. Crystal structures can be solved to atomic
      resolution in two dimensions as well as in three dimensions from both TEM images
      and electron diffraction. Different techniques developed for electron
      crystallography, including three-dimensional reconstruction, the electron
      precession technique and ultrafast electron crystallography, are reviewed.
      Examples of electron-crystallography applications are given. There is in
      principle no limitation to the complexity of the structures that can be solved by
      electron crystallography.

PMID- 18156681
TI  - An easy non-invasive X-ray diffraction method to determine the composition of Na
      pyroxenes from high-density ;greenstone' implements.
AB  - A large number of polished stone implements from Palaeolithic to Bronze Age sites
      of Northern Italy and Southern France are made of high-pressure (HP) metamorphic
      rocks (eclogite and related rocks), mainly consisting of Na-pyroxene (jadeite to
      omphacite) from the metamorphic belt of the Western Alps. The standard
      archaeometric study of prehistoric stone implements follows a procedure that is
      invasive, expensive and time-consuming. Since Na-pyroxenes may show a large
      compositional range, a thorough study of the variations affecting the dhkl
      values, obtained by X-ray diffraction, of three selected reflections as a
      function of different chemical composition was carried out, in order to determine
      the chemistry of Na-pyroxene isomorphic mixtures and roughly evaluate their
      relative amounts. These reflections (?bar221, 310, 002) are sharp, intense and
      sensitive to the variation of pyroxene chemical composition. Using such dhkl
      values measured on pyroxenes of known chemistry, a Ca-pyroxene(Di)-jadeite(Jd)
      aegirine(Ae) compositional diagram was constructed, from which the composition of
      an unknown pyroxene can be estimated within an error of about 5%. When the size
      of the object is relatively small and a flat polished surface is present, the
      proposed analytical procedure becomes totally non-invasive. The data obtained
      shed light on the provenance sources of such implements and the prehistoric trade
      routes.

PMID- 18156682
TI  - Powder crystallography on macromolecules.
AB  - Following the seminal work of Von Dreele, powder X-ray diffraction studies on
      proteins are being established as a valuable complementary technique to single
      crystal measurements. A wide range of small proteins have been found to give
      synchrotron powder diffraction profiles where the peak widths are essentially
      limited only by the instrumental resolution. The rich information contained in
      these profiles, combined with developments in data analysis, has stimulated
      research and development to apply the powder technique to microcrystalline
      protein samples. In the present work, progress in using powder diffraction for
      macromolecular crystallography is reported.

PMID- 18156683
TI  - Small-angle scattering and its interplay with crystallography, contrast variation
      in SAXS and SANS.
AB  - Methods of contrast variation are tools that are essential in macromolecular
      structure research. Anomalous dispersion of X-ray diffraction is widely used in
      protein crystallography. Recent attempts to extend this method to native resonant
      labels like sulfur and phosphorus are promising. Substitution of hydrogen
      isotopes is central to biological applications of neutron scattering. Proton spin
      polarization considerably enhances an existing contrast prepared by isotopic
      substitution. Concepts and methods of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) become an
      important ingredient in neutron scattering from dynamically polarized targets.

PMID- 18156684
TI  - Stability of ferroic phases in the highly piezoelectric Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 ceramics.
AB  - The morphotropic phase boundary in the phase diagram of the technologically
      important Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (PZT) ceramics has been traditionally believed to
      separate ferroelectric tetragonal and rhombohedral phase regions. This old
      picture has come under close scrutiny during the last eight years following the
      discovery of new monoclinic phases in the Cm and Cc space groups. This article
      presents a brief overview of these discoveries in which the use of multiple
      diffraction probes (X-ray, electron, neutron diffraction) in conjunction with
      physical property measurements has played a crucial role. A new phase diagram of
      PZT showing the stability fields of these structures below room temperature is
      also presented.

PMID- 18156685
TI  - The search for a structural basis for therapeutic intervention against the SARS
      coronavirus.
AB  - The 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), caused by a
      previously unknown coronavirus called SARS-CoV, had profound social and economic
      impacts worldwide. Since then, structure-function studies of SARS-CoV proteins
      have provided a wealth of information that increases our understanding of the
      underlying mechanisms of SARS. While no effective therapy is currently available,
      considerable efforts have been made to develop vaccines and drugs to prevent SARS
      CoV infection. In this review, some of the notable achievements made by SARS
      structural biology projects worldwide are examined and strategies for therapeutic
      intervention are discussed based on available SARS-CoV protein structures. To
      date, 12 structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography or NMR from the
      28 proteins encoded by SARS-CoV. One key protein, the SARS-CoV main protease
      (M(pro)), has been the focus of considerable structure-based drug discovery
      efforts. This article highlights the importance of structural biology and shows
      that structures for drug design can be rapidly determined in the event of an
      emerging infectious disease.

PMID- 18156686
TI  - Nexus, crystallographic computing all around the world.
AB  - Crystallographic Nexus CD-ROMs, containing a range of free crystallographic
      software for single-crystal and powder diffraction available on the Internet,
      have been distributed on request since 1996. The free CD is made in the form of a
      ;virtual Internet' with the main intent of benefiting crystallographers with
      inadequate Internet access. The IUCr funds an annual/biennial update which is
      distributed to known previous recipients. Feedback from current recipients
      indicates the CD is still useful. The most current IUCr-funded CD is being
      produced by the CCP14 project at University College London and The Royal
      Institution UK for distribution to the ECM 2007 and AsCA 2007 conferences.

PMID- 18156687
TI  - High-pressure diffraction studies of molecular organic solids. A personal view.
AB  - This paper discusses the trends in the experimental studies of molecular organic
      solids at high pressures by diffraction techniques. Crystallization of liquids,
      crystallization from solutions and solid-state transformations are considered.
      Special attention is paid to the high-pressure studies of pharmaceuticals and of
      biomimetics.

PMID- 18156688
TI  - The MEM/Rietveld method with nano-applications - accurate charge-density studies
      of nano-structured materials by synchrotron-radiation powder diffraction.
AB  - Structural studies of materials with nano-sized spaces, called nano-structured
      materials, have been carried out by high-resolution powder diffraction. Our
      developed analytical method, which is the combination of the maximum-entropy
      method (MEM) and Rietveld refinement, the so-called MEM/Rietveld method, has been
      successfully applied to the analysis of synchrotron-radiation (SR) powder
      diffraction data measured at SPring-8, a third-generation SR light source. In
      this article, structural studies of nano-porous coordination polymers and
      endohedral metallofullerenes are presented with the advanced technique of SR
      powder experiment. The structure of the adsorbed guest molecule in the
      coordination polymer and encapsulated atoms in the fullerene cage are clearly
      revealed by the MEM charge density. The methodology of MEM/Rietveld analysis is
      also presented.

PMID- 18156689
TI  - On wine, chirality and crystallography.
AB  - As the first centennial of X-ray diffraction is inevitably drawing closer, it is
      tempting to reflect on the impact that this fascinating discipline has had on
      natural sciences and how it has changed the world we live in. Also, next year is
      the 160th anniversary of the fateful April afternoon when Louis Pasteur separated
      D- from L-tartrate crystals, an event that many science historians recognize as
      the birth of stereochemistry, and the first step that the barely nascent field of
      crystallography took on the road to elucidate a fundamental phenomenon of
      chemistry and biology - chirality. Many great minds - Pasteur, Van 't Hoff,
      Fischer, Lord Kelvin, the Braggs, Astbury and Bijvoet, to mention just a few -
      contributed along the way. But one central inanimate character was there at all
      times - an inconspicuous somewhat obscure organic compound found in wine:
      tartaric acid. This is the story of its contribution to science.

PMID- 18156690
TI  - Photocrystallography.
AB  - This review describes the development and application of a new crystallographic
      technique that is starting to enable the three-dimensional structural
      determination of molecules in their photo-activated states. So called
      ;photocrystallography' has wide applicability, particularly in the currently
      exciting area of photonics, and a discussion of this applied potential is put
      into context in this article. Studies are classified into four groups: photo
      structural changes that are (i) irreversible; (ii) long-lived but reversible
      under certain conditions; (iii) transient with photo-active lifetimes of the
      order of microseconds; (iv) very short lived, existing at the nanosecond or even
      picosecond level. As photo-structural changes relative to the ;ground state' can
      be subtle, this article necessarily concentrates on small-molecule single-crystal
      X-ray diffraction given that high atomic resolution is possible. That said, where
      it is pertinent, references are also made to related major advances in photo
      induced macromolecular crystallography. The review concludes with an outlook on
      this new research area, including the future possibility of studying even more
      ephemeral, femtosecond-lived, photo-active species.

PMID- 18156691
TI  - [Evaluation of COSMOsensor Glucose Monitoring System.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Glucometer is a most widely-used point-of-care testing (POCT)
      analyzer and plays an important role in diabetes management. We evaluated the
      performance of the recently developed glucometer, COSMOsensor (Cosmogenome Inc.,
      Seoul, Korea), comparing it with three foreign-made glucometers. METHODS:
      COSMOsensor was evaluated for linearity, precision, comparison of method and
      analysing time as well as the effect of operator. Other glucometers, Accu-Chek
      inform (Roche Diagnostics LTD., Mannheim, Germany), Precision(TM)PCx (Abbott
      Laboratories, Bedford, MA, USA), and SureStep(R)Flexx (LifeScan Inc., Milpitas,
      CA, USA) were evaluated for the same categories according to NCCLS guidelines.
      RESULTS: All four glucometers showed a good linearity (r>/=0.9814) and the within
      run and total-run coefficients of variation (CVs) were within 3.5%. A high
      correlation (r>/=0.9659) was also found between the glucometers and Hitachi 7600
      (Hitachi Co., Tokyo, Japan) in the central laboratory. Although differences with
      the reference method were within an allowable range, all glucometers showed
      variable bias compared with the reference method. CONCLUSIONS: The COSMOsensor
      showed a good analytical performance in linearity, precision, and correlation
      with the reference method, when compared with other foreign-made glucometers. Its
      rapid turnaround time and easy operation are appropriate for diabetes management
      and a rapid POCT analyzer. All glucometers showed variable biases, which might be
      due to different calibration status.

PMID- 18156692
TI  - [Detection of enterovirus in cerebrospinal fluid by real-time nested reverse
      transcription polymerase chain reaction.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Enterovirus is a common cause of aseptic meningitis, respiratory
      disease and nonspecific febrile illness. The conventional methods for laboratory
      diagnosis of enterovirus infections have been virus culture and serotyping by an
      immunofluorecent test. We studied a new and more rapid approach for enterovirus
      detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by real-time nested PCR. METHODS: This
      study was performed on 50 CSF specimens from patients suspected of aseptic
      meningitis. Enterovirus was detected in CSF by PCRs for 3 different targets and
      real-time nested PCR. Enterovirus culture was also performed in 44 CSF specimens.
      RESULTS: The positive rate of PCRs for each of the 3 different targets was 26.0%,
      40.0%, or 46.0%, and that of real-time nested PCR was 86.0%. Only 6.8% were
      positive in culture. Thus, the positive rate of real-time nested PCR was much
      higher than other methods. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that the real-time
      nested PCR should be useful for diagnosis of enterovirus infections because of a
      high sensitivity and rapid detection.

PMID- 18156693
TI  - [Prevalence of Class A Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamases in Clinical Isolates of
      Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Prevalence of class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) has
      been investigated repeatedly in members of family Enterobacteriaceae in Korea,
      but only rarely in Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aims
      of this study were to determine the prevalence of class A ESBL-producing A.
      baumannii and P. aeruginosa and to characterize the genotypes. METHODS: During
      the period of June to September 2004, clinical isolates of A. baumannii and P.
      aeruginosa were collected from patients in Kosin University Gospel Hospital,
      Busan, Korea. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion
      and the agar dilution methods, and ESBLproduction by the double-disk synergy
      test. Transferability of ceftazidime-resistance of ESBL-producers were tested by
      conjugation. The isoelectric points of ESBLs were determined by isoelectric
      focusing. Searches for bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M), bla(PER-1), bla(VEB), and
      bla(GES/IBC) genes were performed by PCR amplification, and the genotypes of
      ESBLs were determined by a direct nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified
      products. RESULTS: A total of 58 clinical isolates of A. baumannii and 77 P.
      aeruginosa were collected. Three (5.2%) isolates of A. baumannii and four (5.2%)
      P. aeruginosa isolates showed positive results in the double-disk synergy test
      using ceftazidime and imipenem disks, and one (1.7%) A. baumannii and two (2.6%)
      P. aeruginosa isolates showed positive results in that test using ceftazidime and
      cefoxitin disks. The most prevalent class A ESBL genotype in A. baumannii
      isolates was bla(PER-1) (n=6), and bla(SHV-12) gene was also found in one P.
      aeruginosa isolate. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that class A PER-1 ESBL
      producing A. baumannii isolates are spreading, and SHV-12-producing P. aeruginosa
      has emerged in Korea. The spread of class A ESBLs could compromise the future
      usefulness of expanded-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics for the treatment of A.
      baumannii and P. aeruginosa infections.

PMID- 18156694
TI  - [Emergence of CTX-M-12 and A Novel CTX-M Type Extended-Spectrum beta
      Lactamaseproducing Klebsiella pneumoniae.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to survey the nation-wide
      susceptibilities of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates against ceftazidime and
      cefotaxime and to determine the prevalence of class A extended-spectrum beta
      lactamases (ESBLs). METHODS: During the period of February to July 2004, K.
      pneumoniae isolates intermediate or resistant to ceftazidime and/or cefotaxime
      were collected from 12 hospitals in Korea. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were
      determined by the disk diffusion and the agar dilution methods and ESBL
      production was by double-disk synergy test. Ceftazidime or cefotaxime-resistance
      determinants of the ESBLproducers were transfered to Escherichia coli J53 by
      transconjugation. Searches for class A ESBL genes were performed by PCR
      amplication. RESULTS: Among 212 clinical K. pneumoniae isolates, 172 (81%)
      isolates showed positive results in double-disk synergy test; the most prevalent
      ESBL was SHV-12 (n=104). Genes encoding ESBLs including SHV-2 (n=6), SHV-2a
      (n=17), CTX-M-3 (n=18), CTX-M-9 (n=6), CTX-M-12 (n=1), CTX-M- 14 (n=27), CTX-M-15
      (n=3), and a novel CTX-M-type beta-lactamases were also detected. CONCLUSIONS: It
      is concluded that diversity of ESBLs in K. pneumoniae isolates are increasing in
      Korea. CTX-M-12 has never been reported in Asia, and a novel CTX-M-type ESBL has
      emerged.

PMID- 18156695
TI  - [Characterization of a Toxin A-Negative, Toxin B-Positive Variant Strain of
      Clostridium difficile.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile is one of the most important pathogens
      responsible for nosocomial diarrhea. Recently, we have frequently experienced
      culture positive, toxin A enzyme immunoassay negative strains. Therefore, we
      evaluated the strains with several PCR primer sets to characterize them. METHODS:
      A total of 351 stool specimens were examined for toxin A using enzyme linked
      fluorescent immunoassay (ELFA) and also cultured for C. difficile using
      cycloserine cefoxitine fructose agar incubated under anaerobic conditions. Spore
      stain and Vitek ANA identification card (BioMerieux, France) were used for
      identification of C. difficile. We amplified toxin A and toxin B genes in 81
      isolates using primers NK1- NK2, NK3-NK2, NK9- NK11, and NK104-NK105. RESULTS:
      The concordance rate between ELFA and culture was 65.2% (229/351). PCR for the
      toxin A gene using NK1-NK2, NK3-NK2 and for the toxin B gene using NK104-NK105
      showed almost the same results. However, toxin A gene PCR using NK9-NK11 showed
      that 45.7% (37/81) of the evaluated strains were toxin A (-)/ toxin B(+) variant
      strains; thus, the corrected sensitivity and specificity of the ELFA based on the
      PCR results for toxin A and B genes were 65.6% and 100%, respectively.
      CONCLUSIONS: The low sensitivity of the ELFA results for toxin A was due to the
      toxin A(-)/toxin B(+) variants of C. difficile, suggesting that the prevalence of
      the variant strains could be higher in Korea than was expected.

PMID- 18156696
TI  - [Infection with Scopulariopsis brevicaulis after Cosmetic Surgery of the Face.].
AB  - Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is a ubiquitous soil saprophyte that commonly causes
      onychomycosis, accounting for 1-10% of such infections. Rarely, it may be
      responsible for cutaneous lesions or more severe infections, especially after
      traumatic or surgical injuries. We report of a 54-year-old female patient who
      developed facial cellulitis caused by S. brevicaulis, which occurred one year
      after the patient underwent cosmetic surgery of the face. The patient suffered
      from febrile sense, pain and a growing mass lesion on her left cheek, which were
      diagnosed as facial cellulitis associated with foreign material that had been
      implanted at the time of cosmetic surgery. Three pus cultures from the mass
      lesion which performed at a week interval yielded the same S. brevicaulis.
      Surgical removal and drainage by using liposuction procedure resulted in a
      favorable outcome. To our knowledge this is the first report of S. brevicaulis
      infection associated with cosmetic surgery in Korea.

PMID- 18156697
TI  - [Endogenous endophthalmitis by Aspergillus in a patient with multiple myeloma.].
AB  - A 40-year-old man who had been treated for multiple myeloma, complained of
      decreased visual acuity of the left eye on the 30th day of admission. The
      nucleotide sequences of a fungal PCR product from vitreous fluid showed 99%
      homology with Aspergillus fumigatus (AY373851). Aspergillus spp. was isolated
      from vitreous fluid culture, also. Rapid diagnosis and intervention are critical
      elements for the Aspergillus endophthalmitis; therefore, it would be helpful to
      combine the fungal PCR with conventional fungus culture for clinically indicated
      specimens.

PMID- 18156698
TI  - [Evaluation of Abbott Fourth Generation HIV Antigen and Antibody Assays.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: In order to reduce the diagnostic window period between the time of
      human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and serological diagnosis, new
      fourth generation screening assays which detect HIV p24 antigen and specific
      antibody simultaneously have been developed. In this study, we evaluated the
      performance of a new fourth generation assay. METHODS: We compared a new fourth
      generation assay, Architect HIV Ag/Ab combo, with another fourth generation assay
      AxSYM HIV Ag/Ab combo and a third generation assay, AxSYM HIV 1/2 gO for their
      performance. The assays were evaluated using 3 HIV seroconversion panels, 305
      sera of healthy subjects and 100 sera of patients with HBsAg or anti-HCV
      antibodies. Within-run and total coefficient variations of the three screening
      assays were analyzed for the evaluation of precision. RESULTS: Architect HIV
      Ag/Ab combo shortened the window period by 8.7+/-2.1 days relative to AxSYM HIV
      1/2 gO and 2.0+/-2.0 days relative to AxSYM HIV Ag/Ab combo in seroconversion
      panels. Architect HIV Ag/Ab combo presented the best performance in precision
      among the three reagents; total CV for positive control was 3.6%, 9.6% and 4.6%
      for Architect HIV Ag/Ab combo, AxSYM HIV Ag/Ab combo and AxSYM HIV 1/2 gO,
      respectively. Specificities of three assays were not different in this study.
      CONCLUSIONS: HIV Ag/Ab combined assays reduced the diagnostic window as compared
      to the third generation screening assays, enabling an earlier diagnosis of HIV
      infection. A new fourth generation assay, Architect HIV Ag/Ab combo presents a
      better performance than AxSYM HIV Ag/Ab combo, showing improved seroconversion
      sensitivity and precision.

PMID- 18156699
TI  - [Experimental Application of Whole Blood Flow Cytometry to HLA Crossmatch for
      Renal Transplantation.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: The lymphocytes separated from whole blood are used in HLA flow
      cytometry crossmatch (FCXM) for renal transplantation. In this study, the
      methodology of whole blood flow cytometry was applied to FCXM, omitting
      lymphocyte separation step. METHODS: In the 20 cases (including positive 5 cases)
      of T cell FCXM for renal transplantation, the standard assay using the separated
      mononuclear cells (MNC) was compared with the two variant assays using whole
      blood. In the latter assay, the donor whole blood was incubated with the
      excessive recipient serum. The red cells were lysed (lysed whole blood, LWB).
      Otherwise, instead of red cell lysis, the signals of T cells among whole blood
      (WB) were acquired using fluorescence triggering. The sample/negative control
      mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) ratio was calculated for the interpretation.
      RESULTS: The MFI ratio of the 20 cases by MNC, LWB and WB assay were 4.9+/-8.1,
      5.4+/-9.7 and 4.8+/-7.8, respectively. Both LWB and WB assay were not
      significantly different from MNC assay (P= 0.313, 0.831, respectively, paired t
      test). The qualitative determinations were concordant in all cases, except for
      one case which was weakly positive with MFI ratio 2.2 by LWB assay. CONCLUSIONS:
      The assays using whole blood were comparable to the standard assay in FCXM for
      renal transplantation. This study indirectly supports that the variant methods
      can be used reliably in the case of the MNC preparation erroneously mixed with
      other blood cells.

PMID- 18156700
TI  - [Evaluation of indigenously manufactured immunochromatographic assay systems for
      rapid detection of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: We evaluated three indigenously produced immunochromatography (ICA)
      kits for the rapid detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody
      to HBsAg (anti-HBs) by comparing them with a microparticle enzyme immunoassay
      (MEIA). METHODS: HBsAg and anti-HBs were tested by the ICA kits manufactured by
      three domestic companies, SD HBsAg and Anti-HBs (Standard Diagnostics, Inc.,
      Yongin, Korea); Asan Easy Test(R) HBsAg and Anti-HBs (Asan Pharm Co., Ltd.,
      Whasung, Korea); and GENEDIA(R) HBsAg Rapid Device and Anti-HBs Rapid Device
      (Green Cross MS, Inc., Yongin, Korea). RESULTS: Results by ICA agreed completely
      with those of MEIA in all the 20 HBsAg-negative sera and in all the anti-HBs
      negative sera except one sample. Among the 20 HBsAg-positive sera by MEIA, 17
      were positive by ICA using Green Cross MS, 16 using Asan Pharm Co., and 13 using
      SD and reverse passive hemagglutination. Among the 20 anti-HBs-positive sera by
      MEIA, 19 were positive by ICA using Green Cross MS and Asan Pharm Co., 17 using
      SD, and 18 by passive hemagglutination. Elapsed time for the control and test
      line to be visualized in ICA might be longer and the color of the lines lighter
      when using SD than Green Cross MS or Asan Pharm Co. CONCLUSIONS: Three
      indigenously produced ICA kits are as sensitive as MEIA for the detection of anti
      HBs, but are less sensitive than MEIA for HBsAg. The ICA kits for the rapid
      detection of HBsAg might be recommended for a limited use in the clinical
      laboratory.

PMID- 18156701
TI  - [The -308 and -238 Polymorphisms of the TNF-alpha Promoter Gene in Type 2
      Diabetes Mellitus.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Recently, two G --> A polymorphisms at positions -308 and -238, in
      the promoter of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene, have been
      identified. These variants have been linked to estimates of insulin resistance
      and obesity in different ethnic groups. The objective of the present study was to
      investigate whether these genetic variants of TNF-alpha were associated with
      features of the insulin resistance in two study populations comprising type 2
      diabetic patients and healthy control subjects. METHODS: We analyzed the
      polymorphisms of TNF-alpha gene in 198 type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and
      169 healthy control subjects. We used five primers and two separate polymerase
      chain reaction (PCR) to detect the TNF-alpha polymorphism by the multiplex
      amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) technique. RESULTS: No
      statistically significant difference in the -308A and -238A allele frequencies
      was found between patients with type 2 DM and normal controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our
      study does not support a major role of the nucleotide -308 or -238 substitutions
      of the TNF-alpha gene in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.

PMID- 18156702
TI  - [Incidence and types of constitutional chromosomal abnormalities in patients with
      hematologic malignancies.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: It is important to distinguish between the constitutional and
      acquired chromosomal abnormality in bone marrow of the patients with the
      hematologic malignancies, since the constitutional chromosomal abnormality will
      be continuously observed, even though in remission status of the disease. In this
      study, we investigated the incidence and types of constitutional chromosomal
      abnormalities in patients with the hematologic malignancies. METHODS: This study
      included 396 patients with benign hematologic disorders and 634 with hematologic
      malignancies. The cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow aspirates were performed by
      direct or/and short term culture (24-48 hours). The constitutional chromosomal
      abnormality was confirmed by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated 72 hour culture with
      peripheral blood lymphocytes. RESULTS: The incidence of constitutional
      chromosomal abnormalities was 2.8% in patients with benign hematologic disorders
      and 2.4% in patients with hematologic malignancies. Among the patients with
      constitutional chromosomal abnormalities and hematologic malignancies, 12 were
      males and 3 females. Eleven patients had an age greater than 20 years. One
      patient had trisomy 21, 1 reciprocal translocation, 1 robertsonian translocation,
      3 sex chromosome aneuploidy and 9 inv(9). Two patients showed both constitutional
      and acquired chromosomal abnormalities on the same chromosome. The constitutional
      chromosomal abnormality was continuously observed in remission status of
      hematologic malignancies. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of the constitutional
      chromosomal abnormalities was low in patients with hematologic malignancies, but
      the chromosome study with peripheral blood or skin fibroblasts may be necessary
      for determining accurate cytogenetic response during follow up.

PMID- 18156703
TI  - [Association of NQO1 Polymorphism with Multiple Myeloma Risk in Koreans.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an important enzyme in the
      metabolism of xenobiotics. NQO1 (609)C --> T (NQO1*2) has been reported to be
      associated with reduced enzyme activity, benzene-induced hematotoxicity, and
      acute leukemia. Incidences of multiple myeloma show interethnic variation and
      exposure to asbestos, petroleum products, and diesel exhaust is a risk factor for
      multiple myeloma. We studied the associations of NQO1 polymorphism with multiple
      myeloma risk, stage, and prognostic factors (hemoglobin, calcium, beta(2)
      microglobulin, M-protein and creatinine). METHODS: The frequency of NQO1
      polymorphism was investigated in 117 myeloma patients and 166 controls. NQO1
      genetic polymorphism was determined by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay.
      Prognostic factors were obtained from the patients' medical records. RESULTS: The
      frequencies of the NQO1*1/*1, *1/*2, and *2/*2 genotypes were 31.6%, 63.2%, and
      5.1% in the patients, whereas the respective figures in the controls were 31.9%,
      48.3%, and 19,9%. The frequency of NQO1*2/*2 was significantly lower in patients
      than in controls and the odds ratio (OR) was 0.24 (95% confidence interval: 0.01
      0.68) to NQO1*1/*1 genotype, indicating a decreased risk for multiple myeloma.
      There were no significant differences in tumor stages and other prognostic
      factors among NQO1 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: A risk for multiple myeloma decreased
      in NQO1*2/*2 genotype in Koreans. We report, for the first time, that NQO1
      polymorphism is associated with multiple myeloma risk.

PMID- 18156704
TI  - [Three Cases of Pseudoeosinophilia Associated with Malaria Determined in the
      Sysmex XE-2100 Automated Hematology Analyzer.].
AB  - In Korea, the incidence of malaria has been increasing in the civilian population
      and in the areas previously considered as noninfected. Malaria can be suspected
      based on the patient's symptoms and the physical findings at examination.
      However, for a definitive diagnosis to be made, the malaria parasites or their
      components must be demonstrated by laboratory tests, which will take time and
      require expertise. Since general screening tests, such as a complete blood cell
      count, are always done for patients with a fever, it can be expected that the
      attention of laboratory hematologists drawn to any abnormalities found in
      automated hematology analyzers can help reduce delays in the diagnosis of malaria
      even if such a diagnosis was not initially considered. We report three cases of
      malaria that had thrombocytopenia and pseudoeosinophilia shown in the Sysmex XE
      2100 (TOA Medical Electronics, Kobe, Japan) automated hematology analyzer. It is
      feasible that the pseudoeosinophilia presented as a result of hemozoin-containing
      white blood cells may contribute to the diagnosis of malaria, especially for
      patients unsuspected of the disease.

PMID- 18156705
TI  - Comparison Between a New Low Dose Urea Capsule Test and the Conventional UBiT(R)
      Tablet Test for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori Infection.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The urea breath test (UBT) is regarded as a highly reliable,
      noninvasive tool for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection. We compared a
      recently developed low-dose 38 mg (13)C-urea capsule, which is able to eliminate
      oral urease effects and does not require positional changes during the test, with
      the conventionally used 100 mg (13)C-urea tablet method. METHODS: Thirty-nine
      volunteers were tested under informed consent with both (13)C-UBT methods,
      Helifinder(R) and UBiT-IR300(R), with a minimum 2-week washout period. The pre
      ingestion and 20-minute post-ingestion breath samples were analyzed with an
      isotope ratio mass spectrometer for Helifinder, and a nondispersive isotope
      selective infrared spectrophotometer for UBiT samples. RESULTS: Helifinder method
      showed excellent agreement with UBiT among 19 positive and 20 negative cases
      (weighted kappa value, 1.0). Helifinder results (y) showed good agreement but
      with a proportional bias compared to UBiT results (x) by Passing and Bablok
      method (y=0.551x-0.255, r=0.74, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Since the low-dose 38 mg
      (13)C-urea capsule (Helifinder) test, which is more convenient and economic,
      showed comparable results with the conventional UBiT method, it can be used as an
      alternative for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.

PMID- 18156706
TI  - [Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with rotavirus
      gastroenteritis relative to the infecting rotavirus g-p genotype.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Group A rotavirus is a major cause of severe diarrhea in children
      throughout the world. For the proper management of rotavirus infections, it will
      be helpful to know their clinical characteristics according to the G and P
      genotypes of the infecting virus. METHODS: The diarrheal stool specimens from
      patients hospitalized in Chosun University Hospital during 2002-2003 were tested
      for rotavirus by Dipstick 'Eiken' Rota kit. Rotavirus antigen-positive stool
      specimens were analyzed for group A rotavirus by RT-PCR, and the group A-positive
      PCR products were genotyped for P and G types by PCR. RESULTS: Among the 119
      specimens analyzed for genotypes, the predominant strain was genotype G4P[6]
      (51.3%), followed by G2P[4] (19.3%), G1P[8] (7.6%), G3P[8] (5.0%), and G9P[8]
      (4.2%). To examine the characteristics of each rotavirus genotype, a clinico
      epidemiological study was performed for 100 patients whose medical records were
      available. The frequencies of diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and fever; the
      rates of nosocomial infection and transfer from other hospitals; and the mean
      severity scores were significantly different among the patients infected with
      different types of rotavirus. Especially, patients with G4P[6] type were more
      likely than those infected with other genotypes to show the following distinct
      features: Most patients showed milder symptoms and were neonates transferred from
      other obstetric hospitals and 68.4% of the cases were nosocomial infection.
      G4P[6] strains were isolated almost all along the year. The mean severity scores
      of patients infected by G4P[6], G2P[4], G1P[8], G3P[8], and G9P[8] strains were
      6.8, 9.5, 8.0, 9.0, and 10.8, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Many features of
      rotavirus infections including the epidemic period, rate of nosocomial infection,
      age and severity of symptoms were different according to the genotypes of the
      infecting virus.

PMID- 18156707
TI  - [Clinical Relevance of Positive NOW(TM) Legionella Urinary Antigen Test in a
      Tertiary-Care Hospital in Korea.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: The morbidity and mortality of Legionnaires' disease are not
      established in Korea, because patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
      have rarely been investigated for Legionella. An assay for Legionella antigen in
      urine has been approved as one of the diagnostic criteria of Legionnaires'
      disease. Binax Now(TM) Legionella Urinary Antigen Test (LUA) was introduced in
      Asan Medical Center in July 2002. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the
      clinical relevance of positive LUA. METHODS: During the 39-month period from July
      2002 to September 2005, the medical records of LUA-positive patients were
      reviewed for demographic findings, laboratory findings, clinical diagnosis,
      antimicrobial treatment, outcome, and acquisition of infections. Diagnosis of
      Legionnaires' disease was based on National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance
      (NNIS) criteria for defining nosocomial pneumonia. RESULTS: Seven (0.3%) of the
      2443 patients tested for LUA were positive. All 7 patients were consistent with
      the diagnostic criteria of Legionnaires' disease; six patients were diagnosed
      with CAP and one patient was admitted due to nosocomial pneumonia. Six patients
      were treated with azithromycin or ciprofloxacin but one patient was not treated
      for Legionella infection. With the report of LUApositive results, a Legionella
      targeted treatment was started in two patients and an inappropriate empirical
      therapy was ceased in one patient. All patients treated with Legionella-targeted
      treatment improved clinically except one who died of adult respiratory distress
      syndrome at the first hospital day. CONCLUSIONS: Positive LUA is useful in
      diagnosing Legionnaire's disease at an early stage and in helping to initiate
      appropriate treatments in a tertiary-care hospital in Korea.

PMID- 18156708
TI  - [Production of Antibody against Helicobacter pylori HP0231.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Stool antigen detection kits for diagnosis of infection of
      Helicobacter pylori have been widely used for their convenience, but are mostly
      imported. Since Helicobacter pylori strains show a distinctive genetic diversity,
      it is important to find a protein that is a common antigen among various strains
      and shows a strong immunogenicity for the development of a stool antigen
      detection kit. HP0231 protein strongly reacts with the sera of patients suffering
      from gastritis and peptic ulcer. Therefore, HP0231 is an excellent candidate as a
      target gene for this study. METHODS: Chromosomal DNA from H. pylori was isolated.
      HP0231 gene was amplified by PCR, cloned into pET28a(+) vector, and overexpressed
      using isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside in E. coli BL21 (DE3). HP0231
      protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography followed by electroelution
      after SDS-PAGE. Rabbits were immunized with the purified HP0231 protein for the
      production of antibodies. Rabbit anti-HP0231 antibody was partially purified and
      tested for the sensitivity and specificity using ELISA and Western Blot Analysis.
      RESULTS: The sequence of the cloned HP0231 gene was identical with the gene
      sequence from Genbank (AA216016). HP0231 gene was overexpressed and HP0231
      protein was purified. Rabbit anti-HP0231 antibody produced after immunization
      with the purified HP0231 protein reacted with the purified HP0231 protein, cell
      extracts from cultured H. pylori, and stomach biopsy tissue from patients, but
      not with cell extracts from cultured E. coli used as a negative control. After 1
      million fold dilution, rabbit anti-HP0231 antibody still reacted with 1 microg of
      HP0231 protein. CONCLUSIONS: Rabbit anti-HP0231 antibody was produced to detect
      HP0231 protein of H. pylori and will be tested for the development of a stool
      antigen detection kit for H. pylori.

PMID- 18156709
TI  - [A Case of Catheter-Related Bacteremia by Arthrobacter woluwensis.].
AB  - Arthrobacter woluwensis, a catalase-positive coryneform bacterium recognized as
      an opportunistic pathogen, was repeatedly isolated from the blood of a 56-year
      old male patient with metastatic colon cancer. The isolate was identified by
      various phenotypic tests and by sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA. Antimicrobial
      susceptibility testing was performed by E-test; the MICs to vancomcyin,
      cefotamine, and penicillin were 1.5 microg/mL, >64 microg/mL, and 4 microg/mL,
      respectively. The patient was treated with vancomycin, and the subclavian
      catheter, which was presumed to be the source of the infection, was removed.
      Thereafter, repeated blood cultures did not grow the organism. The infections of
      human caused by A. woluwensis have not been reported previously in Korea,
      probably because of the difficulty of identifying Arthrobacter strains by
      conventional biochemical tests.

PMID- 18156710
TI  - [Resolution of ABO Discrepancies by ABO Genotyping.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Before a blood transfusion, both red cell and serum typing need to be
      matched for ABO tests on the donor and patient (recipient). When a mismatch
      exists in the tests, additional ABO genotyping and serological tests are required
      for the resolution of the discrepancy. We performed ABO genotyping on a series of
      blood donors and patients with ABO discrepancies to assist in resolving their
      blood groups. METHODS: We examined 46 samples with ABO discrepancies from a
      random pool of donors recruited at Gwangju-Chonnam Red Cross Blood Center and
      from patients at Chonnam National University Hospital between May 2004 and July
      2005. ABO genotyping was performed on all samples with an allele specific
      polymerase chain reaction for differentiation of A, B,O, cis-AB, A(var) (784
      G>A), and B(var) (547 G>A) alleles; routine serologic tests were also performed.
      Exon 6 and 7 of ABO gene from five samples were sequenced. RESULTS: The genotypes
      of 18 donors/patients with weakened A or B antigen expressions consisted of 4
      cases of cis-AB/O (3 A(2)B(3), 1 A(2)B); 5 cases of cis-AB/A (5 A(1)B(x or el));
      2 cases of A/O (1 O, 1 A(m or x)); 1 case of B/O (1 B(m or x)); 4 cases of A/B (1
      A(2)B , 1 A(1)B(x or el), 2 A(1)B(3)); and 2 cases of A(var)/B (2 A(w)B). On the
      other hand, the genotypes of 28 samples with unexpected serum reactions included
      18 cases of A/O (16 A(1), 2 A(int)); 7 cases of A/A (5 A(1), 1 A(1)B(x or el), 1
      A(1)B(w)); and 3 cases of O/O (1 O, 2 B(w)). CONCLUSIONS: ABO genotyping is
      useful for differentiating the ABO discrepancies that were difficult to resolve
      by serological tests. The most frequent unusual red cell reactions were weak A
      and B antigen expressions, which were resulted from the ABO subgroup alleles
      including cis-AB allele, whereas the most frequent unusual serum reactions were
      caused by decreased anti-B titers.

PMID- 18156711
TI  - Gene frequencies of human neutrophil antigens 4a and 5a in the korean population.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In Korean population, antigen frequencies of HNA-1a, HNA-1b, and HNA
      2a are determined using a serological and genotyping method. However, no study
      has been done to assess the gene frequencies of HNA-4a and HNA-5a. It has been
      reported that the antibody against HNA-4a is associated with alloimmune
      neutropenia and autoimune neutropenia; however, there is no confirmed clinical
      report on anti-HNA-5a-related disorders. The aim of this study was to determine
      HNA-4a and HNA-5a gene frequencies among the Korean population. METHODS:
      Genotyping of HNA-4a and HNA-5a genes of 110 healthy and unrelated Korean donors
      was performed using a polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers
      and an allelespecific restriction enzyme analysis. RESULTS: We found that the
      gene frequencies of HNA-4a and HNA-5a were 0.99 (107/110) and 0.96 (3/110),
      respectively, among the Korean population. But only the ones of the latter was
      significantly higher (P<0.01) than in the one of Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS: The
      gene frequencies of HNA-4a and HNA-5a were determined. We also identified an
      individual who was the HNA-5a-negative homozygote for the granulocyte panel that
      could be used for anti-HNA-5a antibody identification.

PMID- 18156712
TI  - [A splenectomy in plasma exchange refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenia
      purpura.].
AB  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is characterized by microangiopathic
      hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, fever, and variable abnormalities in renal
      function and mental status. The pathogenesis of TTP is related to an inhibitor or
      deficiency of the von Willebrand factor (vWF)-cleaving protease (a disintegrin
      and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats; ADAMTS-13) that cleaves
      the large vWF multimers. Uncleaved, large vWF molecules are present in TTP and
      induce thrombosis in small vessels. Even though plasma exchange was proven
      effective in TTP, 20-40% of the cases showed refractory to plasma exchange. We
      describe a 41 years old female with plasma exchange refractory TTP who was
      completely recovered from anemia, thrombocytopenia, and accompanying symptoms
      following splenectomy.

PMID- 18156713
TI  - [Amniotic chromosomal analysis in pregnant women identified by triple-marker
      testing as screen positive.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Maternal serum triple marker screening (alpha-fetoprotein, human
      chorionic gonadotropin, and unconjugated estriol) can detect 60-70% of Down
      syndrome and 60% of Edwards syndrome. Previous studies have reported that
      positive serum screening is related to other fetal chromosomal abnormalities,
      pregnancy complications, and adverse outcomes. We determined the incidence and
      karyotype of chromosomal abnormalities in screen positive women and evaluated a
      relationship between chromosomal and ultrasonographic abnormalities. METHODS: Of
      the 49,806 pregnant women between 15 and 23 weeks' gestational age who received
      prenatal serum screening with a cut-off value (a risk of 1:270 for Down and 1:100
      for Edwards syndrome), 2,116 (4.2%) and 196 (0.4%) were screen positive for Down
      syndrome and for Edwards syndrome, respectively. Chromosomal analysis in amniotic
      fluid was performed for 1,893 (89.5%) of the Down positive and 140 (71.4%) of the
      Edwards positive pregnant women. Ultrasonographic examination was performed to
      detect fetal abnormalities. RESULTS: Eighty-three cases of chromosomal
      abnormalities including 40 trisomy 21 (2.1%) and 43 other chromosomal
      abnormalities (2.3%) were identified in the Down screen positive. Other
      chromosomal abnormalities included 9 numerical and 34 structural abnormalities.
      Ten cases of chromosomal abnormalities (9 trisomy 18 and 1 trisomy 9) were
      detected in the Edwards screen positive. Ultrasonographic abnormalities were
      found more frequently in the women who had chromosomal aberrations. CONCLUSIONS:
      These data suggest that 4.4% of the Down screen and 7.1% of the Edwards screen
      positive pregnancy have fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Positive Down screening
      results reflect a relatively high probability of other abnormalities except
      trisomy 21. Edwards screen positive group show a low frequency of other
      chromosomal abnormalities except trisomy 18. A simultaneous use of maternal serum
      screening and ultrasonograms could be useful for the diagnosis of fetal
      abnormalities.

PMID- 18156714
TI  - [Identification of Y-chromosome by Molecular Analysis in Patients with Turner
      Syndrome.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: It is known that the Y chromosome or Y-specific sequence is present
      in about 6% of Turner syndrome (TS) patients and that it predisposes them to
      gonadoblastoma formation with an estimated risk of 15-25%. In this study, we
      performed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 32 patients with TS to detect Y
      specific sequence. The results were compared with those obtained by the
      fluorescence in situ hybridaization (FISH) method. METHODS: Cytogenetic analysis
      was performed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral lymphocyte
      cultures, using G-banding. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood for PCR. Seven
      different sets of oligonucleotide primers, sex determining region Y (SRY), zinc
      finger gene on the Y chromosome (ZFY), testis specific protein Y (TSPY), DYZ3,
      DYF49S1, RNA binding motif protein (RBM), and DYZ1, spanning on centromeres and
      short and long arms of the Y chromosome were used for PCR. FISH was carried out
      using X and Y chromosome enumeration probe for Xp11.1-q11.1 (DXZ1 locus) and
      Yp11.1-q11.1 (DYZ3 locus), respectively. RESULTS: Among 32 patients with TS, four
      (12.5%) were positive for Y specific sequence by PCR. Of these, two patients were
      detected previously by a cytogenetic analysis: 45,X/47,XYY and 45,X/46,XY. Only
      one Y specific sequence, DYZ3, was detected by PCR in the other two patients
      without cytogenetically obvious Y chromosome. Y signal was not detected by FISH
      for the last two patients. CONCLUSIONS: It may be reasonable to consider using a
      PCR method to screen for Y-specific sequences in all patients with TS. Even
      though we did not demonstrate Y-signal by FISH in patients with PCR positive and
      cytogenetically no obvious Y chromosome, FISH may be another useful method in TS
      patient, and futher investigation is nessessary.

PMID- 18156715
TI  - [Establishment and management of medical genetic clinic based on genetic testing
      network.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: With the progress of the Human Genome Project, genetic testing has
      become widely available and useful for the confirmation and treatment planning of
      various conditions. Additionally, the need for genetic counseling and
      consultation service has been increasing. We tried to establish and manage a
      medical genetic clinic within the department of laboratory medicine by using a
      genetic testing network. METHODS: An Inter-laboratory network has been organized
      between Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital and Samsung Medical Center
      since January, 2005. As clinical laboratory physicians, we provide medical
      services ranging from genetic counseling to genetic testing. In this study we
      surveyed the need and demand for genetic consultation services using a
      questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 30 cases that were requested to receive a genetic
      consultation, 24 were referred to the genetic clinic during the last 11 months.
      Of these, 18 underwent genetic tests. The request for genetic consultation came
      mainly from neurology, obstetrics, and pediatrics departments and the
      distribution of requested disease entities was very heterogeneous. Operating
      processes became more settled compared to the early period and specific work
      fields were secured in the genetic consultation services. Over 80% of the
      respondents replied that a medical genetic clinic was important and that public
      relations campaign should be continued. CONCLUSIONS: Establishment of a medical
      genetic clinic by using a genetic testing network has led to important changes
      that the department of laboratory medicine is most suitable for genetic testing
      and medical genetic consultations and laboratory physicians should be concerned
      in that field. A medical genetic consultation system based on extensive genetic
      information and knowledge could enhance opportunities for cooperation in genetic
      research.

PMID- 18156716
TI  - [A granulocytic sarcoma of right uterine adnexa region as an extramedullary
      relapse in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia.].
AB  - Granulocytic sarcoma of the uterine adnexa is a rare event. A 50-year-old woman,
      who had previously been diagnosed as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but had a
      complete hematologic response, presented with lower abdominal pain and a large
      pelvic mass involving the right uterine adnexa region and extending to the right
      posterior wall of the bladder and right distal ureter. A biopsy of the uterine
      adnexa revealed granulocytic sarcoma, and a subsequent bone marrow biopsy
      confirmed the diagnosis of CML in the blastic phase.

PMID- 18156717
TI  - [Laboratory evaluation of bone metabolism index using elecsys 2010.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Bone markers can provide a prognostic information about the risk of
      osteoporotic fracture and are useful tools for monitoring the efficacy of
      antiresorptive therapy. We evaluated the analytical performance of the bone
      markers of Elecsys 2010 (Roche Diagnostics Corp., Indianapolis, USA). METHODS: We
      evaluated the analytical performance of the Elecsys 2010 for serum parathyroid
      hormone (PTH), osteocalcin, and serum bone-derived degradation products of type I
      collagen C-telopeptide (S-CTX) using control material and patients' specimens.
      For the comparison studies, an immunoradiometric assay was used for PTH and an
      ELISA for serum osteocalcin and serum bone-derived degradation products of type I
      collagen N-telopeptide (S-NTX). We established the reference intervals of S-CTX
      and serum osteocalcin by analyzing 4569 Korean healthy subjects according to sex
      and age. RESULTS: Within-run and total CV of most items were below 5% except S
      CTX low level (5.42%). Elecsys 2010 showed a good linearity (r>/=0.99, P<0.01).
      Good correlations with other methods were found in osteolcalcin (r=0.95, P<0.01)
      and PTH (r=0.96, P<0.01). S-CTX showed a good correlation with S-NTX (r=0.76,
      P<0.01). Reference intervals of serum osteocalcin (ng/mL) and S-CTX (ng/mL) were
      9.58-33.62 and 0.18-0.89, respectively, in adult male, 8.00-31.46 and 0.11-0.81
      in 31-50 years old female, and 8.30-43.50 and 0.11-1.00 in 51-80 years old
      female. CONCLUSIONS: Elecsys 2010 bone markers showed a satisfactory precision,
      linearity, and a good correlation with other methods. With its 'one system-many
      capabilities' features, Elecsys 2010 would be a useful tool for measuring bone
      metabolism indices.

PMID- 18156718
TI  - [Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria by Sequence Analysis of the 16S
      Ribosomal RNA, the Heat-shock Protein 65 and the RNA Polymerase beta-Subunit
      Genes.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)
      is difficult, because NTM are prevalent in the environment such as soil and
      water, and because they have fastidious properties. In this study we investigated
      clinical isolates of NTM for their distribution pattern and accurate species
      identification. METHODS: We selected presumptive NTM isolates negative for probe
      hybridization for M. tuberculosis complex, cultured in a third referral hospital
      from 21 January 2003 to 20 January 2004. Ninety seven-isolates were identified to
      the species level by direct sequencing of fragments of 16S rRNA, hsp65 and rpoB
      genes. A total of 120 isolates were studied for the distribution analysis.
      RESULTS: Frequently identified NTM species were M. avium (30.8%), M.
      intracellulare (23.3%) and M. abscessus (18.3%). Others were M. gordonae, M.
      senegalense, M. fortuitum, M. peregrinum, M. kansasii, M. terrae complex, M.
      lentiflavum, M. chelonae, and M. szulgai. Three M. tuberculosis complex (2.5%)
      were also identified among the presumptive NTM isolates. The identification rate
      by sequencing of 16S rRNA, rpoB, and hsp65 were 65%, 82% and 87%, respectively.
      The hsp65 or rpoB gene was more efficient than 16S rRNA for the identification of
      NTM by sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: Some NTM are increasingly considered to be the
      causative organisms in clinical diseases. Thus, direct sequencing could be
      adapted to routine work of clinical laboratories for accurate identification of
      NTM to the species level.

PMID- 18156719
TI  - [Isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria using polymerase chain reaction
      restriction fragment length polymorphism.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: The isolation rate of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in clinical
      laboratories and the incidence of NTM infections are on the increase recently in
      Korea, but there have been only a few studies that reveal the general aspect of
      NTM isolation or species distribution. Therefore, this study was performed to
      examine the isolation rate of NTM, species identification, and the clinical
      significance of mycobacterial cultures. METHODS: From August 2004 to May 2005, we
      examined mycobacterial isolates by AccuProbe test to differentiate NTM from
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. NTM was then identified by polymerase chain
      reaction-restriction fragment length analysis (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS: A total of
      6,742 specimens from 2,784 patients were requested for mycobacterial culture.
      Mycobacteria were isolated from 776 specimens (11.5%). The isolation rates of
      NTMs among the total culture positive specimens and culture positive sputum
      specimens were 24.4% (189/776) and 25.3% (169/667), respectively. Fourteen
      species of NTM identified in 172 of the 175 specimens tested included M. avium
      (39.0%), M. intracellulare (22.7%), and M. abscessus (19.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Using
      AccuProbe tests and PCR-RFLP method for mycobacterial cultures processed in a
      clinical laboratory, we were able to identify NTMs to the species level. The
      isolation rate of NTM in this study was similar to that reported in past studies
      in Korea. In addition, we found that some of the NTMs isolated in this study
      could cause pulmonary diseases.

PMID- 18156720
TI  - [Clinical Characteristics of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Producing Shigella
      sonnei Infection Outbreaked in Chungju Area.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: An outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
      Shigella sonnei enteritis, especially in pediatric populations, was unprecedented
      not only in Korea, but also throughout the world in the past. This study was
      intended to devise a management guideline for shigellosis caused by an ESBL
      producing strain based on analysis of the clinical manifestations and response to
      therapy. METHODS: We examined 24 strains of S. sonnei isolated from stool
      cultures of patients with acute enteritis, between November 2004 and February
      2005, for antimicrobial susceptibility and ESBL production, and we also performed
      DNA sequencing with PCR for the typing of ESBL genes. In addition, we
      retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and
      therapeutic responses to antibiotics of the 103 patients who grew S. sonnei on
      stool cultures. RESULTS: All 24 isolates showed a very similar antibiotic
      sensitivity pattern and were ESBL gene type of CTX-M-14. The most frequent
      clinical symptom in the 103 patients was a fever, followed by diarrhea, abdominal
      pain, headache, vomiting, and nausea. Leukocytosis and CRP were positive in 53.4%
      and 78.6% of the patients, respectively. On stool direct smears, 11.7% showed
      more than 50 WBCs per HPF and 71% were positive on stool occult blood.
      Microbiological eradication rates were as follows: azithromycin and
      ciprofloxacin, 100%; imipenem-cilastatin, 68.8%; ampicillin-sulbactam, 42.9%;
      amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 20%; ceftizoxime, 12.5%; cefdinir, 6.9%; and
      ceftriaxone and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 0%. CONCLUSIONS: We presumed that,
      given its cost-effectiveness and safety, azithromycin can be an attractive option
      for the treatment of ESBL-producing S. sonnei enteritis in pediatric populations.
      Although ciprofloxacin is another cost-effective agent, its use in pediatric
      populations is not recommended.

PMID- 18156721
TI  - [Comparison of In-house Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay with Conventional
      Techniques for the Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, introduced as a fast and
      sensitive diagnostic method, has been known to be useful in detecting
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate
      the usefulness of an in-house PCR assay in the detection of Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis by comparing PCR results with those of conventional diagnostic
      techniques. METHODS: We assessed the diagnostic yield of the in-house PCR assay
      retrospectively based on the patient's medical records using data from previously
      evaluated specimens submitted for PCR amplification IS6110 sequences by GeneAmp
      PCR system 9600 (Perkin Elmer, CT, USA). All samples had been examined for
      detection of M. tuberculosis by acid-fast stain and culture assay and the results
      from the 3 methods were analyzed. RESULTS: The majority of cases (1,727 cases,
      96.6%) showed concordant results between in-house PCR, AFB stain, and culture
      methods; only 60 cases (3.4%) displayed discordant results. The sensitivities,
      specificities and positive and negative predictive values of each method were as
      follows: 81.0%, 99.6%, 95.0% and 98.4%, respectively for the in-house PCR; 63.4%,
      100%, 100% and 96.9%, respectively for AFB staining method; and 83.8%, 100%, 100%
      and 98.6%, respectively for culture assays. CONCLUSIONS: The PCR assay shows a
      high sensitivity and specificity and is a reliable test for an early diagnosis of
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 18156722
TI  - [Clinical Usefulness of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test for Helicobacter
      pylori.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori is considered as the
      main cause of failure of eradication therapy. Because resistance to metronidazole
      has been reported in 25.8% to 66.2% of H. pylori, a combination of proton pump
      inhibitors (PPI), amoxicillin, and clarithromycin is currently recommended as a
      primary therapy. We investigated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to
      the primary drugs and the impact of antimicrobial resistance on eradication
      rates. METHODS: Between May and August 2005, H. pylori isolates from 93 patients
      were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility at Asan Medical Center.
      Susceptibility tests of clarithromycin and amoxicillin were performed by the disk
      diffusion method and those of metronidazole and tetracycline by Etest (AB
      Biodisk, Solna, Sweden). The medical records of the patients were reviewed to
      collect the data such as demographic findings, previous and current eradication
      therapies, and bacteriological outcome. The appropriate therapy was defined as
      three-drug-combination including susceptible drugs only, or four-drug-combination
      including metronidazole in the case of metronidazole-resistance. RESULTS:
      Resistance rates to clarithromycin and metronidazole were 17.2% and 33.3%,
      respectively, but there was no resistance to tetracycline and amoxicillin. The
      eradication was successful in 32 of the 36 patients (88.9%) who received the
      appropriate therapy, but none of 4 patients who received an inappropriate therapy
      (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Resistance to clarithromycin seemed to increase and
      contribute to the failure of eradication therapy. For the appropriate therapy of
      H. pylori infection, the susceptibility results should be reported before
      initiation of the eradication therapy.

PMID- 18156723
TI  - [Development of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for erythropoietin.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to optimize and establish erythropoietin
      (EPO) enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system. METHODS: We prepared
      several monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies specific to human-EPO. The best
      combinations of antibodies for coating and detecting antibodies were selected for
      the establishment of ELISA. We tested several methods such as a competitive EIA
      and a sandwich ELISA. RESULTS: The best sandwich ELISA was optimized compared to
      competitive EIA when purified polyclonal antibody (PoAb) was used as a coating
      antibody and biotinylated PoAb as a detecting antibody. This sandwich ELISA
      easily detected EPO when PoAb pairs were used compared to the ELISA using
      monoclonal antibody and PoAb. There were no significant differences between the
      effects of various blocking solutions on the performance of sandwich ELISA using
      biotinylated antibody. The ELISA system using PBST containing 3% BSA as a
      blocking solution can sensitively detect EPO (10 mU/mL) in a broad range of EPO
      concentrations (10-2,000 mU/mL) and there were cross-reactions with other
      cytokines). CONCLUSIONS: EPO can be easily determined by using biotinylated PoAb
      as a detecting antibody and another PoAb as a coating antibody.

PMID- 18156724
TI  - [Detection of platelet specific antibodies by modified antigen capture ELISA
      test.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) is characterized by autoantibody
      induced platelet destruction. Although several studies have shown that pathogenic
      autoantibodies are mainly IgG directed platelet glycoproteins (GP), a platelet GP
      specific test is not available in clinical laboratories. The aim of this study
      was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of a Modified Antigen Capture Enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (MACE) test in the diagnosis of AITP. METHODS: We
      investigated fifty-seven patients who showed a platelet count lower than 100 x
      10(9)/L and underwent a bone marrow examination. They were classified into
      primary AITP (P-AITP) (n=21), secondary AITP (S-AITP) (n=15), and non-immune
      thrombocytopenia (NITP) (n=21) by bone marrow findings and clinical diagnosis.
      Platelet GP (IIb/IIIa, Ia/IIa, Ib/IX, IV)-specific antibodies and anti-HLA class
      I antibody were detected by MACE test. RESULTS: Among 57 samples, platelet GP
      specific antibodies were detected in 8 (22.2%) of 36 patients with AITP and 1
      (4.8%) of 21 patients with NITP. The specificities were as follows: GP IIb/IIIa
      (n=4), GP Ia/IIa (n=5), GP Ib/IX (n=3) and GPIV (n=2). Of the nine patients with
      platelet GP specific antibodies, four (44.4%) had more than two platelet GP
      specific antibodies. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and
      negative predictive values of the MACE test for AITP were 22.2%, 95.2%, 88.9%,
      41.7%, respectively. A previous transfusion history was associated with a higher
      detection rate of anti-HLA class I antibodies (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The MACE
      test is a convenient method to detect platelet GP specific antibody and is very
      specific to diagnose AITP. In clinical practice, even though it is not sensitive,
      the MACE test would be useful in differentiating AITP from NITP.

PMID- 18156725
TI  - [CD56/CD16 Expression on Mononuclear Cells and Concentration of Serum TNF-alpha
      in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as the occurrence of
      three or more consecutive spontaneous abortion before 20 gestational weeks. But,
      40-50% of RSA still remain "unex-plained". Cytokines seem to play a critical role
      in the pathogenesis of unexplained RSA, and Th1 cytokines have been shown to
      exert deleterious effects on pregnancy. NK cytotoxicity has been reported to be
      predictive of subsequent abortion in women who had unexplained recurrent
      abortions. The aim of this study was to investigate immunophenotypic
      characteristics of peripheral blood mononu-clear cells and evaluate Th1 cytokine
      (TNF-alpha) production in women with RSA. METHODS: The study group comprised 93
      women with RSA, and the control group consisted of 40 healthy pregnant women. The
      population of CD56/CD16 cells was observed by using a two-color scattergram in
      FACScan (Becton Dickinson, San Jose CA, USA). Concentration of TNF-alpha was
      measured by an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) using commercial kits
      (NEOGEN corporation, Lexington KY, USA). RESULTS: The percentage of CD56+/CD16
      cells were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the patients with RSA (13.40+/-7.95%)
      than in the pregnant control group (9.12+/-3.93%). We observed a significantly
      higher level of TNF-alpha (medians: 85.59+/-8.29 pg/mL versus 44.80+/-9.78 pg/mL;
      P<0.05) in RSA women compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that
      an increased proportion of CD56+/CD16-mononuclear cells and increased level of
      serum TNF-alpha are related to RSA. Thus, the two factors could be used as an
      indicator of subsequent successful implantation and maintenance of gestation.

PMID- 18156726
TI  - [Usefulness of NaCl/Enzyme Gel Test for the Identification of Unexpected
      Antibodies.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: The microcolumn assay technique offers significant advances in
      identification of unexpected antibodies; however, some erythrocyte antibodies
      still remain unidentified. To see if NaCl/Enzyme test is useful for the
      identification of antibodies, we compared the LISS/Coombs and NaCl/Enzyme tests
      for identification rates, and investigated an association between the frequency
      of each antibody and a history of transfusion or gestation. METHODS: From June
      2004 to June 2005, antibody screening tests were carried out on 5,517 patients
      using the LISS/Coombs gel test (DiaMed AG, Switzerland). When antibodies were
      detected, antibody identification tests were carried out with the LISS/Coombs and
      NaCl/Enzyme gel tests (DiaMed AG) simultaneously. RESULTS: Unexpected antibodies
      were detected in 79 patients (1.43%). These antibodies were identified in 39
      (49.4%), 59 (74.7%), and 68 patients (86.1%) by the LISS/Coombs test, the
      NaCl/Enzyme test, and the two tests combined, respectively. With the addition of
      the NaCl/ Enzyme test, unexpected antibodies were further identified in 29 cases
      (anti-Lewis, 14; anti-Rhesus, 13; and anti-P1, 2). On the other hand, 9 cases
      (anti-M, 5; anti-Fy(b), 3; and anti-N, 1) were identified by the LISS/Coombs test
      only. Of the unexpected antibodies found in patients without a previous history
      of transfusion or gestation, anti-Lewis (50.0%, 10/20) was the most common, while
      in patients with the history anti-Rhesus (48.1%, 26/54) was the most frequent.
      CONCLUSIONS: The NaCl/Enzyme combined with LISS/Coombs gel test was useful for
      the identification of unexpected antibodies, and antibodies found in patients
      without a previous history of transfusion or gestation were clinically less
      relevant than those found in patients with the history.

PMID- 18156727
TI  - Apolipoprotein e polymorphism in ischemic stroke patients with different
      pathogenetic origins.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The association of apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism with
      interindividual variability of serum lipid concentrations and the initiation and
      progression of atherosclerosis is inconclusive. This study was performed to
      explore the associations of apoE with lipid concentrations and ischemic stroke in
      patients with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) subgroup or without
      atherosclerotic vascular lesions (small artery occlusion, SAO) subgroup through a
      case-control study among the Korean population. METHODS: The ischemic stroke
      group (n=194) was subdivided into an LAA subgroup (n=112) and a SAO without
      atherosclerotic lesion subgroup (n=82). An age-matched healthy control group
      (n=168) was recruited. Serum lipid concentrations were measured and apoE
      genotypes were determined by real-time PCR and melting curve analysis with the
      LightCycler (Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS: The frequency of the epsilon4 carriers
      was significantly higher in the ischemic stroke group (22.7%) than in the control
      group (11.9%) (P=0.01). However, the frequency of epsilon4 carriers showed no
      difference between the LAA and SAO subgroups (22.3% vs 23.2%, P=0.89). The
      adjusted low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) concentration was
      significantly higher in ischemic stroke group than in control group (P=0.04), but
      showed no significant differences in all lipid concentrations between the LAA and
      SAO subgroups. LDLc concentrations were lower in epsilon2 carriers than in
      epsilon3 and epsilon4 alleles, but showed no difference between the epsilon4
      carriers and epsilon3 allele. CONCLUSIONS: Although there was an association
      between the epsilon4 allele and ischemic stroke and between the LDLc
      concentration and ischemic stroke, there was no significant difference in the
      lipid concentrations and distribution of apoE genotypes between the LAA and SAO
      subgroups. Therefore, the epsilon4 allele may have different effects on the
      ischemic stroke that are independent of the atherosclerotic mechanism by high
      LDLc concentration.

PMID- 18156728
TI  - [Comparison between Real-Time PCR and Agarose Gel Electrophoresis for DNA
      Quantification.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is generally regarded as a
      very accurate and time-saving method, but it is expensive to run. We evaluated
      the reliability of an inexpensive and a researcher-friendly gel electrophoresis
      based PCR method for the quantification of mRNA, and the results were compared
      with those obtained by real-time PCR. METHODS: We compared the results of
      relative quantification for MMP-1 measured by real-time PCR and by ethidium
      bromide stained-agarose gel electrophoresis after end-point PCR. RESULTS: There
      was significant but very weak correlation between real-time PCR and end-point PCR
      for relative quantification of MMP-1 (r=0.16, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results
      suggest that the use of the gel electrophoresis-based end-point PCR is
      inappropriate for quantifying mRNA. Therefore, in order to confirm the result of
      relative quantification by end-point PCR, the newly established real-time PCR
      method or northern hybridization should be applied.

PMID- 18156729
TI  - [A Case of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with ider(9)(q10)t(9;22)(q34;q11.2).].
AB  - ider(9)(q10)t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) is an isochromosome for the long arm of a
      derivative chromosome 9 generated by a t(9;22), resulting from the deletion of
      the short arm of chromosome 9. It is known to be rarely observed in acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or lymphoblastic crisis transformed from chronic
      myelogenous leukemia. We herein describe a 26-year-old female patient with
      precursor B-cell ALL, cytogenetically characterized by ider(9)(q10)t(9;22).
      Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed two ABL-BCR fusion signals on
      the derivative chromosome 9 and one BCR-ABL fusion signal on the derivative
      chromosome 22. Although a t(9;22) and a deletion of the short arm of chromosome 9
      are known to be associated with a poor prognostic factor in acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia, a larger study is needed to determine the prognosis of
      ider(9)(q10)t(9;22) cases.

PMID- 18156730
TI  - [Correlation of In-training Examination Score with the Residency Program or the
      Score of the Board Examination of Laboratory Medicine.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: An in-training examination is given annually to the all laboratory
      medicine residents of in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the
      results of the in-training examinations according to the examinees' postgraduate
      years, a number of teaching faculty members and hospital beds, and the score of
      the board examination. METHODS: A total number of examinees during the 5-year
      period from 2001 to 2005 were 311. All residents took the same in-training
      examinations given each year irrespective of the postgraduate year (PGY).
      RESULTS: The scores of in-training examinations increased with advance in the
      examinees' PGY (P<0.01). The scores were not different according to the size of
      teaching faculty or hospital beds (P>0.05). The correlation coefficients of each
      PGY scores were from 0.474 to 0.755 (P<0.01). The scores of the 4th PGY were
      correlated with those of the board examinations (r=0.627, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS:
      These results suggest that the scores of the in-training examinations may be a
      valid measure of knowledge acquired by residents during their training years and
      provide a useful information for improving the laboratory medicine residency
      training program.

PMID- 18156731
TI  - [FLT3 Gene Mutations as a Prognostic Factor for Acute Myeloid Leukemia.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Two distinct types of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene
      mutations have been identified in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): D835 and internal
      tandem duplication (ITD) mutations. These mutations are known to cause the
      proliferation of leukemic cells and inhibit the apoptosis of leukemic cells due
      to ligand-independent activation of their receptors. Therefore, the current study
      attempted to investigate the frequency of FLT3 gene mutations and their
      prognostic implications for AML in terms of treatment response, survival, and
      relapse. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect D835
      and ITD mutations in 84 newly diagnosed AML patients from February 2001 to
      October 2004. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct
      sequencing were performed to analyze the D835 mutations. The results were
      examined based on a comparison with previously known prognostic factors, and the
      treatment outcomes analyzed according to the existence of the mutations in
      relation to the event free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and complete
      remission (CR) rates. RESULTS: D835 and IDT mutations were detected in 4.7%
      (4/84) and 19.0% (16/84), respectively, of the AML patients. The FLT3 gene
      mutations were not found to be associated with previously known prognostic
      factors, such as the WBC count, age, and cytogenetic risk group, but were
      associated with the lactate dehydrogenase levels. The EFS and OS rates were also
      significantly lower in the FLT3 gene mutation group, especially in AML with
      normal karyotypes. CONCLUSIONS: FLT3 gene mutations were observed in 23.8% of AML
      patients and appeared to have a prognostic implication on patient survival.
      Accordingly, the presence of FLT3 gene mutations, which could be tested easily by
      using PCR/RFLP methods, should be investigated routinely at the time of
      diagnosis.

PMID- 18156732
TI  - [Diagnostic Usefulness of SD Malaria Antigen and Antibody Kits for Differential
      Diagnosis of vivax Malaria in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Examination of peripheral blood smear (PBS) is the gold standard for
      the diagnosis of malaria; however, its diagnostic utility will be dependent on
      the examiner's microscopic experience, the quality of the smear, and the degree
      of parasitemia. Therefore, it is essential to have available a rapid and simple
      test that is as sensitive and specific as PBS, at a small-middle range medical
      center, a health care center, and a military hospital in a malaria endemic area.
      METHODS: Malaria antigen and antibody tests were performed on 120 febrile
      patients who were requested for complete blood count (CBC) and PBS at two
      military hospitals from May 2004 to August 2005. RESULTS: Of the 45 patients who
      were diagnosed with malaria by examination of peripheral blood smears, 42 were
      positive on both malaria antigen and antibody tests, and 2 were positive on
      either antigen or antibody test. Only 1 patient was negative on the both test.
      Furthermore, all 75 patients with negative microscopic examinations also had
      negative malaria antigen and antibody tests. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this
      study show that a rapid differential diagnosis of malaria can be made by
      performing malaria antigen and antibody tests on febrile patients at hospitals in
      malaria endemic areas. Moreover, the test is simple and convenient enough to be
      performed without any special equipment or experience.

PMID- 18156733
TI  - [Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia with a Variant Philadelphia Translocation:
      t(11;22)(q25;q11.2).].
AB  - We report a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia displaying a variant
      Philadelphia translocation t(11;22)(q25;q11.2). Breakpoint 11q25 has not
      previously been reported. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and
      fluorescence in-situ hybridization demonstrated the BCR/ABL rearrangement.

PMID- 18156734
TI  - [Biphenotypic Acute Leukemia with BCR-ABL mRNA Transcript b3a2 Type: A Case
      Report with Review of the Literature.].
AB  - Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) is a subtype of leukemia of ambiguous lineage
      in the World Health Organization classification system. About one third of the
      cases have the Philadelphia chromosome, and some cases are associated with other
      structural abnormalities involving 11q23. BAL is known to have a poor prognosis
      in both children and adults. According to the previously reported BAL cases with
      positive BCR-ABL fusion gene, most of the BCR-ABL mRNA transcript type was e1a2.
      So, we describe here a 30-year-old adult BAL case with the karyotype
      46,XY,t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) resulting in a very rare b3a2 type of BCR-ABL mRNA
      transcript.

PMID- 18156735
TI  - [Erythroleukemic blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia.].
AB  - Erythroleukemic blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is very rare. We
      report two cases of erythroleukemic blast crisis of CML resistant to imatinib
      treatment. Both patients made a rapid progression to blast crisis 6 and 4 months
      after diagnosis while being treated with imatinib 400 mg/day. Bone marrow
      aspiration revealed predominant erythroid precursors with 65.4% and 54.8% each.
      There were significant proportions (more than 20%) of myeloblasts among non
      erythroid cells. Immunophenotyping revealed expression of glycophorin A
      confirming erythroleukemic blast crisis. The karyotyping result of patient 1 was
      46,XX,t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)[3]/52,idem,+8,+12,+18,+21,+22,+der(22)t(9;22)[17] and
      that of patient 2 was 46,XX,inv(3)(q21q26.2),t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)[20]. Patient 1
      showed no response to imatinib and BMS-354825 in the following bone marrow study.
      She died of septic shock as a complication of an infection after 69 days of blast
      crisis. Patient 2 received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in the
      cytogenetically no response state, but she also died of graft-versus-host disease
      9 weeks after BMT. The poor prognosis and rapid progression of disease in both
      cases were correspondent to most of the reported cases. During the course of the
      disease of the two patients, we monitored the BCR-ABL chimeric mRNA with real
      time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and it was found useful in
      predicting the imatinib response and progression to blast crisis of CML. Although
      both of our cases showed the typical bad prognosis and findings of
      erythroleukemic blast crisis of CML, the karyotypes were different from the
      expected type of t(3;21)(q26;q22). But the relationship between additional
      changes of EVI1 on chromosome 3q26 shown in case 2, and progression to the
      erythroleukemic blast crisis need further investigation.

PMID- 18156736
TI  - [Evaluation of Plasma Homocysteine Assay by ADVIA Centaur Analyzer.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for the cardiovascular diseases
      that can be usually reversed with vitamin supplements. Quantitative analysis of
      homocysteine helps to identify patients who might get benefits from the
      intervention therapy. Recently, as the automated homocysteine assay (ADVIA
      Centaur, Bayer, USA) by direct chemiluminesence method has been developed, we
      evaluated the performance of the ADVIA Centaur immunoassay analyzer for
      homocysteine. METHODS: The total plasma homocysteine concentrations were measured
      by ADVIA Centaur and by HPLC (HP1100 series with FLD, Hewlett Packard Co.,
      Germany). To test the linearity, a dilution series was prepared. Between-run and
      total precision of the ADVIA Centaur assay were evaluated with Bio-Rad
      Homocysteine Controls for 10 days. The correlation was evaluated using 100 plasma
      samples from patients. NCCLS guidelines (EP5-A, EP6-P, and EP9-T) were followed
      to evaluate the ADVIA Centaur homocysteine assay. RESULTS: In the precision
      study, within-run and total run coefficients of variation (CV) of ADVIA Centaur
      assay were below 5%. The linearity was maintained well (R(2)=0.9978). The
      comparison study indicated a good correlation between the HPLC and ADVIA Centaur
      assay, and its correlation coefficient (R) was 0.9690. CONCLUSIONS: Since the
      ADVIA Centaur homocysteine immunoassay showed an excellent correlation with the
      HPLC method and is more convenient, automatic, and rapid than the HPLC method, it
      should be potentially beneficial in the clinical laboratories.

PMID- 18156737
TI  - [Distribution of T types and emm Genotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes in Jinju,
      2004.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: T antigens and emm genotypes are useful markers for epidemiologic
      investigation of Streptococcus pyogenes infections. Epidemiologic studies of S.
      pyogenes were performed on a large scale in Jinju. This was the third study being
      carried out in the same area over the past 10 years. METHODS: A total of 328 S.
      pyogenes were isolated from throat cultures obtained from asymptomatic
      schoolchildren in the Jinju area in 2004. T typing was performed by a slide
      agglutination, and emm genotyping by PCR and DNA sequencing. We compared the
      results of this study with those of the previous ones performed in 1995 and 2002.
      RESULTS: T5/27/44 were the most prevalent, accounting for 29.6% of all isolates;
      T12 and T6 were 13.4% and 10.7%, respectively, and T nontypeable was 3.4%. The
      emm44/61 type was the most prevalent accounting for 29.3%, and emm6 and emm1 were
      11.6% and 9.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Newly recognized T5/27/44 and emm44/61
      were the most prevalent, accounting for about 30% of all isolates, while T12 and
      emm12 were significantly decreased in 2004 compared to the results of previous
      years. This study demonstrated divergent features of S. pyogenes epidemiology
      over the past 10 years in the Jinju area.

PMID- 18156738
TI  - [In vitro susceptibilities to caspofungin and micafungin of clinical isolates of
      Candida species.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Caspofungin and micafungin are echinochandins with potent activities
      against Candida species. However, in vitro susceptibility to these agents of
      clinical Candida isolates in Korea has not been fully surveyed. We determined
      minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of caspofungin and micafungin against
      clinical isolates of Candida species. METHODS: A total of 107 blood isolates of
      Candida species (24 C. albicans, 25 C. tropicalis, 24 C. glabrata, 20 C.
      parapsilosis, 8 C. krusei, and 6 other Candida species) were tested by using the
      National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A2 broth microdilution
      methods. The in vitro antifungal activities and spectrum of caspofungin and
      micafungin were compared with those of amphotericin B, fluconazole, and
      itraconazole. RESULTS: Caspofungin and micafungin exhibited a broad-spectrum
      activity against Candida species: caspofungin MIC ranged from 0.125 to 1
      microg/mL and micafungin MIC from </=0.03 to 1 microg/mL. C. albicans, C.
      tropicalis and C. glabrata showed high susceptibility to caspofungin (MIC(90),
      0.25 to 0.5 microg/mL) and micafungin (MIC(90), </=0.03 microg/mL), whereas C.
      parapsilosis was less susceptible to both echinocandins (MIC(90), 1 microg/mL).
      The MIC(50) for caspofungin, micafungin, amphotericin B, fluconazole, and
      itraconazole were 0.25, </=0.03, 0.5, 1, and 0.125 microg/mL, respectively.
      Caspofungin MIC(50) of C. glabrata and C. krusei isolates with decreased
      susceptibility to azoles were 0.25 and 0.5 microg/mL, respectively, and
      micafungin MIC(50) were </=0.03 and 0.125 microg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:
      These data showed an excellent in vitro activity of caspofungin and micafungin
      against clinical strains of Candida species, including isolates with reduced
      susceptibility to azoles.

PMID- 18156739
TI  - [Comparison of 3 automated immunoassays for hepatitis B surface antigen.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is one of the most important
      serological markers used to diagnose hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Automated
      immunoassays have been developed, meeting the current clinical requirement of
      HBsAg assays over the years. This study was performed to determine the degree of
      agreements between 3 kinds of HBsAg assay systems. METHODS: Serum samples from
      425 patients were assayed by the HBsAg assay systems of Elecsys (Roche
      Diagnostics, Germany), ADVIA Centaur (Bayer Diagnostics, USA), and AxSYM (Abbott
      Laboratories, USA). RESULTS: The concordance rates among the 3 assays were 100%.
      A total of 249 (58.6%) specimens were positive, and their index values showed a
      weak correlation between the 3 assays; nevertheless, positive specimens with low
      levels (<10) of index values in one system also presented low values in other
      systems, and all of them were confirmed by neutralization assays. CONCLUSIONS:
      The 3 automated HBsAg assay systems presented a high level of concordance.

PMID- 18156740
TI  - Modulation of telomerase activity and human telomerase reverse transcriptase
      expression by caspases and bcl-2 family proteins in Cisplatin-induced cell death.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Human telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase, which synthesizes
      telomeric repeat sequences, and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)
      has been identified as the catalytic subunit, as well as the rate-limiting
      component, of telomerase. In this study, we attempted to identify the modulators
      of telomerase, and to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin
      induced apoptosis. METHODS: To determine the role of telomerase in cisplatin
      induced apoptosis, we measured telomerase activity and analyzed apoptosis using
      PI and trypan blue staining. Also, we inhibited the caspase activations using Z
      VAD-fmk to analyze the effects on expression of hTERT protein. Finally, we
      induced the transient co-expression of the Bcl-2 and Bak genes in HEK293 cells,
      and then, the telomerase activity and expression of hTERT were evaluated.
      RESULTS: In the Bcl-2-overexpressing HeLa cells, telomerase activity was more
      enhanced, and cell death was reduced to 40-50% that of the mock controls. This
      finding suggests that Bcl-2-induced telomerase activity exerts an antiapoptotic
      effect in cisplatin-induced death. As caspase activation was inhibited via Z-VAD
      fmk, the hTERT protein was recovered in the mock controls, but not in the Bcl-2
      overexpressing cells. This suggests that the expression of hTERT can be regulated
      by caspases, but Bcl-2 was located within the upstream pathway. Moreover, when
      the Bcl-2 and Bak genes were co-transfected into the HEK293, both telomerase
      activity and hTERT protein were prominently reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Bcl-2-induced
      telomerase activity inhibits cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells, and can
      be regulated via both caspases and the interaction of Bcl-2 and Bak.

PMID- 18156741
TI  - [Networking Experience of Point-of-Care Test Glucometer.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Clinical laboratories are selecting total solutions to point-of-care
      test (POCT) by handling all aspects of information management ranging from the
      ordering of the test to the reporting of verified results. Today, many POCT
      devices can be directly connected to the laboratory information system (LIS) via
      data management system (DMS). We report here our experience with the networking
      of POCT glucometers. METHODS: We set up computerization of POCT glucometer
      (Precision PCx, Abbott, USA) in August, 2004 and established a quality control
      (QC) system for the portable glucometers on 16 wards in Chung-Ang University
      Hospital. Precision of the glucometers was assessed by performing 28 replicate
      tests using quality control specimens containing 5 different glucose
      concentrations. Turnaround time (TAT) was calculated from the data of 17,796
      glucose tests performed during a 5-month period in 2004 before computerization of
      the glucometers and 31,513 tests performed during the same 5-month period of 2005
      after computerization. RESULTS: In the precision study, within-run and total-run
      CVs were within 10%. With the networking of POCT glucometers, the TAT from the
      collection of specimen to the specimen receipt to the LIS was 28.5+/-17.2 min
      compared to 43.6+/-17.5 without the networking (P<0.0001). A staff satisfaction
      survey received a high score (88%) for an overall satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: This
      device significantly expands the data management and networking capabilities of
      the bedside glucometer. Networking technology should allow for a centralized
      quality control management.

PMID- 18156742
TI  - [Development of a Web-based Program to Calculate Sample Size for Evaluating the
      Performance of In Vitro Diagnostic Kits.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Many studies evaluating the performance of in vitro diagnostic kits
      have been criticized for the lack of reliability. To attain reliability those
      evaluation studies should be preceded by sample size calculation ensuring
      statistical power. This study was intended to develop a web-based system to
      estimate the sample size, which was often neglected because it would require
      expert knowledge in statistics. METHODS: For sample size calculation, we
      extracted essential parameters from the performance studies on the 3rd generation
      anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) kits reported in the literature. We developed a
      system with PHP web-script language and MySQL. The statistical models used in
      this system were as follows; one sample without power consideration (model 1),
      one sample with power consideration (model 2), and two samples with power
      consideration (model 3). RESULTS: Among the articles published between 1989 and
      2005, 13 articles that evaluated the performance of anti-HCV kits were identified
      by searching with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The diagnostic sensitivity was
      83-100% with a median of 145 samples (range; 12-1,091) and the specificity was 97
      100% with a median of 1,025 samples (range; 33-4,381). The estimated sample size
      would be 280 in the model 1, 817 in the model 2, and 1,510 in the model 3, when
      we set 2% prevalence of HCV infection, 95% sensitivity of a conventional kit, 97%
      sensitivity of a new kit , 95% significance level (two-sided test), 2% allowable
      error, and 80% power. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that an insufficient
      sample size is still a problem in performance evaluation. Our system should be
      helpful in increasing the reliability of performance evaluation by providing an
      appropriate sample size.

PMID- 18156743
TI  - [Quality Evaluation of the Performance Study of Diagnostic Tests Using STARD
      Checklist and Meta-Analysis for the Pooled Sensitivity and Specificity of Third
      Generation Anti-HCV EIA Tests.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: The third generation anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) enzyme immunoassay
      (EIA) is now in use for screening HCV infection. The aim of this study was to
      pool the data on the sensitivity and specificity of third generation anti-HCV EIA
      tests after evaluating the quality of the studies using Standards for Reporting
      of Diagnostic Accuracy studies (STARD) checklist. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE
      and PubMed databases using keywords about the accuracy of diagnostic tests for
      HCV infections. Methodological quality was assessed by two persons with a
      modified STARD checklist. A heterogeneity test was performed, and in case
      heterogeneity was present, a sub-group analysis was done. Fixed-effects model was
      used to obtain pool sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals
      (CI). RESULTS: A total of 41 studies from 16 papers were selected. The quality
      score ranged from 6 to 13 (median 10.5); Inter-observer agreement was 93.62%
      (k=0.69); and 41 studies revealed heterogeneity. We performed a sub-group
      analysis with only 28 studies from 13 papers that were evaluated to be of high
      quality. A subgroup using polymerase chain reaction as the reference test
      revealed homogeneity and was calculated the pooled sensitivity and specificity of
      99.92% (CI 99.77-100.07%) and 99.66% (CI 99.45-99.86%) respectively. Studies on
      test kits with an increased reactivity to the core region also showed homogeneity
      in sensitivity and the pooled sensitivity was 99.78% (CI 99.53-100.03%).
      CONCLUSIONS: For the first time in Korea, the diagnostic accuracy of test kits
      was evaluated by meta-analysis using STARD checklist. The methodology shown in
      this study should help extending laboratory medicine to an evidence-based
      medicine.

PMID- 18156744
TI  - [Comparison of the rate of detection of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene
      rearrangement by fluoresecence in situ hybridization probes in multiple
      myeloma.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement, which is
      frequently observed in multiple myeloma, can now be detected easily by using a
      fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method. The aim of this study was to
      determine the detection rate and compare the utility of the three most commonly
      used probes: IGH/CCND1 dual color, dual fusion probe; IGH/BCL2 dual color, dual
      fusion probe; and IGH dual color break apart rearrangement probe; all from Vysis
      Products (Downers Grove, IL, USA). METHODS: From October 1994 to July 2003, 99
      patients were diagnosed as multiple myeloma at Seoul National University
      Hospital, Asan Medical Center and Gachon University Gil hospital. We applied the
      three different probes of IgH FISH on bone marrow specimens from the 99 Korean
      patients with multiple myeloma to detect IgH gene rearrangement. RESULTS: Forty
      one (41.4%) of the 99 patients had IgH gene rearrangement. Of those 41 patients,
      23 (56.1%) showed positive to all three probes, but the remaining 18 (43.9%)
      showed a discrepancy between the three probes: 13 (72.2%) of the 18 patients were
      only positive to the IGH dual color break apart rearrangement probe and the
      detection rate was 39.6% on the average. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate
      that IGH dual color break apart rearrangement probe is superior to the other two
      probes in qualitative and quantitative ways. Thus, we recommend IGH dual color
      break apart rearrangement probe for the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple
      myeloma.

PMID- 18156745
TI  - [Establishment of reference values for platelet activation markers by flow
      cytometry.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: This study was purposed to establish reference values for platelet
      activation markers and leukocyte-platelet aggregates in the evaluation of the
      platelet function tests using flow cytometry. METHODS: Whole blood samples were
      obtained from 30 volunteers of healthy adults. Diluted blood samples, either in
      the resting state or in activated state by the addition of agonist, 20 microM ADP
      or 100 microM TRAP, were stained with fluorescent conjugated monoclonal antibody
      of PAC1 or CD62P. Then, the percentages of expression for each marker were
      analyzed by flow cytometry. For leukocyte-platelet aggregates, monoclonal
      antibodies of CD41a, CD14 and CD45 were added simultaneously to undiluted whole
      blood. RESULTS: Reference values for the percentages of the expression of PAC1
      and CD62P, respectively, were 0.1-12.5% and 0.0-4.7% at the resting state, 65.3
      92.4% and 39.0-75.7% with the addition of 20 microM ADP, and 68.1-93.1% and 60.5
      91.2% with the addition of 100 microM TRAP. Reference values for leukocyte
      platelet aggregates, granulocyte-platelet aggregates, and lymphocyte-platelets
      aggregates were 2.8-23.6%, 5.3-34.2%, and 4.9-21.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:
      The platelet activation markers at the resting or an activated state with
      agonists and leukocyte-platelet aggregates could be analyzed using flow
      cytometry. These reference values should be helpful in interpreting platelet
      function tests by flow cytometry.

PMID- 18156746
TI  - [Acute Monocytic Leukemia with t(11;17)(q23;q21) Involving a Rearrangement of
      Mixed Lineage Leukemia Gene.].
AB  - A case of acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) by French-American-British (FAB)
      classification in a 63-year-old male showed the abnormal karyotype
      46,XY,t(11;17)(q23;q21), previously reported as a variant translocation in acute
      promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis
      identified a mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangement, but not visible
      disruptions of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) or retinoic acid receptor alpha
      (RARA) genes. We suggest that a certain gene proximal to RARA was rearranged in
      this case onto a gene close to MLL on chromosome 11q. Now, a few cases of AMoL
      with a similar translocation have been reported in the literature, and these
      cases emphasize the importance of cytogenetic and FISH studies in addition to
      morphology, cytochemistry, and immunophenotype in classifying acute myeloid
      leukemia (AML).

PMID- 18156747
TI  - [Two cases of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia diagnosed by particle gel
      immunoassay.].
AB  - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious complication of heparin
      therapy. It represents initially as thrombocytopenia and is associated with
      venous or arterial thrombosis. It has been reported that platelet factor
      4/heparin complex antibody plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HIT.
      Patients on hemodialysis have a high risk of developing HIT because heparin is
      administrated in hemodialysis as anticoagulant. Thrombocytopenia usually occurs 5
      to 10 days after the onset of administration, but occasionally, it may occur
      rapidly in patients who have preformed antibodies from recent heparin use. We
      report here 2 cases of HIT with platelet factor 4-heparin reactive antibody in
      hemodialysis patients.

PMID- 18156748
TI  - [A Case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Masked t(8;21).].
AB  - We report a case that revealed the characteristics of acute myeloblastic leukemia
      with maturation (AML-M2) on the morphology of the bone marrow biopsy and 45,X,-Y
      in conventional cytogenetic study, but was confirmed to have a typical AML1/ETO
      translocation by molecular studies using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain
      reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Insertion of ETO gene on
      chromosome 8 into chromosome 21 in this patient resulted in the development of
      the chimeric gene, AML1/ETO, on the long arm of chromosome 21. Our final report
      on the patient's karyotype: 45,X,-Y.ish ins(21;8)(q22;q22q22)(AML1 +,ETO +;ETO
      +,AML1-). In case typical morphologic features compatible with recurrent
      cytogenetic abnormalities are shown, molecular studies in addition to
      conventional cytogenetic study might be required to confirm the diagnosis.

PMID- 18156749
TI  - [Relationships among Oxidative Stress Markers, Life Style Factors and Biochemical
      Findings.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: In many studies, oxidative stress markers have been employed to serve
      as a measure of a disease process or to reflect oxidative status. These oxidative
      stress markers must have some degree of predictive validity, but full
      substantiation of this relation is still lacking. This paper presents data on
      levels of three biomarkers, oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL), carbonyl,
      and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and a number of life style factors
      associated with oxidative stress in healthy adults. METHODS: For 237 healthy
      adults aged 40-60 years, a number of life style factors, biochemical
      characteristics and oxidative status were evaluated. Markers of oxidative stress
      were measured by an ELISA method. RESULTS: Waist-hip ratio and use of vitamin
      supplement were associated with serum oxidized LDL (P<0.05). Body mass index and
      stress had a relationship (P<0.05) with protein carbonyl. Creactive protein was
      related to serum oxidized LDL (P<0.01). There was no correlation among three
      oxidative stress markers, oxidized LDL, carbonyl, and 8-OHdG. CONCLUSIONS: The
      oxidative stress markers used in this study could not be regarded as a general
      estimate of the healthy individual oxidative status. Further studies focusing on
      the development of biomarkers to reflect changes in the oxidative status under
      normal, non-pathological conditions in humans will be required.

PMID- 18156750
TI  - [Epidemiology of respiratory viral infection in 2004-2006.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: The information on the incidence, seasonal variation and clinical
      pattern of respiratory virus infections is very important for clinicians in
      managing their patients. This study was aimed to define the epidemiology of
      respiratory viral pathogens in Seoul and the neighboring areas from March 2004 to
      February 2006. METHODS: A total of 6,533 specimens were cultured for respiratory
      viruses during the study period. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK), LLC-MK2, and
      HEp-2 cells, or R-mix cells (Diagnostic Hybrids Inc., Athens, Ohio, USA) were
      used for culture. Influenza virus types A & B (Inf A & B), parainfluenza virus
      (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and adenovirus (ADV) were identified by
      indirect immuno-fluorescent staining. Medical records of the patients with
      positive virus cultures were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: One or more viral
      agents were isolated from 1682 specimens (25.7%). The pathogens identified were
      RSV 37.2%, ADV 19.9%, Inf A 18.9%, PIV 17.5% and Inf B 6.4%. The most frequent
      pathogen of pneumonia and acute bronchiolitis was RSV and that of croup was PIV.
      Upper respiratory tract infections were more prevalent in adults and the most
      frequently caused by influenza virus. Influenza virus itself was more frequently
      isolated in children less than six years old, which was different from previous
      reports. Influenza virus was mostly isolated in the winter and spring, while RSV
      was usually isolated from early fall with a peak incidence in the winter. Inf A
      and RSV showed a dampening effect on the occurrence of other viruses during their
      major epidemic. PIV was mostly detected in the spring and summer. ADV was
      isolated throughout the whole year. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological
      characteristics of respiratory virus infections in Seoul and the neighboring
      areas in 2004-2006, were similar to the findings of previous reports except for
      some minor changes. These findings could be useful to clinicians in managing
      their patients.

PMID- 18156751
TI  - A Case of Clostridium perfringens Septicemia with Fatal Hemolytic Complication.
AB  - Massive intravascular hemolysis secondary to Clostridium perfringens septicemia
      is rare but often fatal. We report a case of a fatal clostridial hemolytic
      complication in a 71-year-old woman with probable refractory anemia. The patient
      was admitted to the emergency room due to a comatose mental state and a high
      fever. Laboratory analysis showed massive hemolysis. She died from severe anemia
      two hours after admission. The next day, blood cultures grew gram positive cocci
      and boxcarshaped gram positive rods, which were identified as coagulase-negative
      staphylococci and C. perfringens, respectively.

PMID- 18156752
TI  - [Evaluation of Allergen Specific IgE assay on ADVIA Centaur Immunoassay System.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Allergen specific IgE (sIgE) assay is an important aid in the
      diagnosis and treatment of allergy. We evaluated the analytical performance of a
      quantitative chemiluminescence immunoassay for sIgE using the continuous random
      access ADVIA Centaur. METHODS: Six ADVIA Centaur sIgE reagents for common
      inhalant allergens in Korea, d1, d2, e1, e5, t3, and t7, were evaluated for
      precision, dilution recovery (parallelism), comparison with Pharmacia UniCAP sIgE
      assay and skin prick test, sample volume, and analytical speed according to the
      NCCLS guidelines (I/LA20-A, EP5-A2). Commercialized positive and negative quality
      control materials were used for a precision study, and samples from a total of
      110 patients were used for dilution recovery and comparison studies. RESULTS:
      Within-run coefficients of variation (CV) of the 6 items were 3.45-6.14% and
      within-device CVs (total CVs) of all items were below 10%. Interdilutional CVs of
      all items were 2.84-11.95%, which showed a good linearity and parallelism over
      its measuring range. Positive/negative concordance rates of the 6 items with
      UniCAP sIgE assay were 76.3-96.1% (d1, 88.2%; d2, 96.1%; e1, 91.0%; e5, 77.0%;
      t3, 90.5%; and t7, 76.3%). Concordance rates of the six items with skin prick
      test were all above 80%. The quantity of sample volume (25 microL/test) needed
      was relatively small, and a high throughput (120 tests/hr) and rapid turnaround
      time (47 min) could be achieved. CONCLUSIONS: The ADVIA Centaur sIgE assay was
      thought to be a convenient and efficient method to be used in medium- to large
      sized laboratories.

PMID- 18156753
TI  - [Irradiated Blood Usage in a Tertiary-care Hospital.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Irradiated blood is used to prevent transfusion-associated graft
      versus host disease in high risk patients. The guidelines for usage of irradiated
      blood components vary from one country to other according to their needs. But in
      Korea, little information is available on the current usage of and the guidelines
      for irradiated blood. Therefore, we analyzed the usage of irradiated blood
      components in Hanyang University Medical Center. METHODS: Medical records were
      reviewed for 187 patients who had been transfused with irradiated blood products
      during the period from January 2004 to June 2005. And we investigated the
      proportion of irradiated blood products among the total number of blood products
      that were transfused during a one-year period. RESULTS: Hematologic diseases and
      solid cancer patients comprised 63.7% and 24.6% respectively. The proportion of
      irradiated blood products among the total blood components were 25.7% of platelet
      concentrates, 61.4% of apheresis platelets, and 5.1% of packed red cells. Total
      transfused amount by disease categories and the average transfused units per
      patient of irradiated blood components were high in a group of patients with
      several hematologic diseases such as acute leukemia. CONCLUSIONS: The use of
      irradiated blood components takes a great proportion in total blood product
      transfusions and the majority of blood components were transfused to a group of
      patients with a few hematologic diseases. The proper use of blood should be
      guided by the promotion and education of a modified usage protocol for irradiated
      blood products and by a continuous data analysis.

PMID- 18156754
TI  - [Analysis for Eight ABO Alleles in Korean Population.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: ABO genotyping is a useful tool in case of ABO discrepancies and in
      legal medicine. Recent knowledge of various alleles in the ABO gene has led to
      the need of a different method that can cover numerous polymorphisms. We
      performed a polymerase chain reaction using sequencespecific priming (PCR-SSP)
      with 12 primer sets and evaluated its value in the detection of 8 ABO alleles.
      METHODS: Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of 222 unrelated Koreans.
      Sequencespecific primer sets for the nucleotides 261, 297, 467, 802, 803, and
      1059 were selected, and 12 PCR reactions were performed for each sample. Direct
      sequencing was performed to evaluate the accuracy of discrimination between
      A(1)(Pro) and A(1)(Leu) and between O(1) and O(1v). RESULTS: All the ABO genotype
      patterns were in an exact match with the ABO phenotypes. The results from
      sequencing and PCR-SSP were equivalent. The allele frequencies of A(1), B, O(1),
      and O(1v) were 27.25%, 19.82%, 27.25%, and 25.68% respectively. Out of total 121
      A(1) alleles, 6 (4.96%) were A(1)(Pro) alleles and 115 (95.04%) were A(1)(Leu)
      alleles. No A(2), O(2), or CisAB alleles were found in this study. CONCLUSIONS:
      The proportion of O(1v) allele was similar to that of O(1) allele. This was an
      unexpected result. We developed a method for detecting 8 ABO alleles by PCR-SSP;
      the method was accurate and was able to discriminate between A(1)(Pro) and
      A(1)(Leu) and between O(1) and O(1v).

PMID- 18156755
TI  - [Development of Secondary Order System for Laboratory Tests without Additional
      Blood Sampling.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Additional tests ordered by doctors after checking abnormal routine
      test results for inpatients are usually delayed for one day or more, which in
      turn delays diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and prolongs length of stay
      (LOS) for the patients. We at Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical
      Center (AMC), established a "secondary order system for laboratory tests without
      additional blood sampling" to improve the conventional reflexive tests. METHODS:
      Oracle 8.0 (Oracle Co., Belmont, CA, USA) was used for data base software and
      Powerbuilder (Powersoft, Burlington, UK) for client development tool. Specimens
      subjected to "reflexive tests by doctors without additional blood sampling" were
      SST tubes for routine chemistry and EDTA for routine hematology requested in the
      morning of additional requests of the laboratory tests. RESULTS: Programs of
      registration and request for "reflexive tests by doctors without additional blood
      sampling" and bar code printing were developed for clinicians to check the
      routine test results and to order additional tests, if necessary, and for
      laboratory to perform the requested tests using the same samples used for routine
      chemistry and hematology tests in the morning. Additionally requested tests were
      done by finding the SST and EDTA samples, putting newly printed bar code, and
      processing them as usual. In February 2004, right after introducing reflexive
      tests by doctors without additional blood sampling, 75 additional requests were
      made for 50 patients, but they increased gradually up to 1,020 tests for 698
      patients in December 2004. In 2005, the monthly average number of tests was 1,035
      for 742 patients. CONCLUSIONS: The reflexive tests by doctors without additional
      blood sampling developed at AMC helped establish a rapid reporting of test
      results, which in turn reduced LOS related to laboratory. It also increased
      patient satisfactory indices by reducing repeated blood sampling and would also
      contribute to the financial health of the hospital.

PMID- 18156756
TI  - Inverse Tendency between Ex Vivo Expansion Potential of Hematopoietic Progenitors
      and Time to Engraftment after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The CD34(+) cell dose and infused number of committed progenitor
      cells in transplantation are important factors in hematologic engraftment.
      However, the relationship between expansion potential of progenitor cells and
      hematologic engraftment remains controversial. We evaluated whether expansion
      potential of progenitor cells is a predictive factor of post-transplantation
      hematologic engraftment. METHODS: Mononuclear cells isolated from mobilized
      peripheral blood and bone marrow were cultured with cytokine cocktail for 7 days.
      Progenitor cells and committed progenitors were analyzed using stem cell markers
      (CD34 and CD133) and lineage specific markers. Hematologic engraftment was
      defined as neutrophil counts over 500/microL and platelet counts over
      20,000/microL without transfusion. Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease
      (GVHD) were investigated. RESULTS: There was inverse tendency between the number
      and fold expansion of progenitor cells or committed (granulocytic or
      megakaryocytic) progenitors and time to engraftment. Especially, fold expansion
      of CD34(+)/CD33(+) cells was significantly correlated with time to neutrophil
      engraftment in bone marrow transplantation (r=-0.56, P=0.04). The infused number
      and fold expansion of lymphoid progenitors were not related to the occurrence of
      acute or chronic GVHD. CONCLUSIONS: We could not prove that expansion potential
      of progenitor cells and committed progenitor cells is correlated to hematologic
      engraftment although there is a correlation between CD34(+)/ CD33(+) cells and
      time to neutrophil engraftment. But, a further study on the value of expansion
      potential is required because there is an inverse tendency.

PMID- 18156757
TI  - Defining an Optimal Number of Immunophenotypic Markers for Lineage Assignment of
      Acute Leukemias Based on the EGIL Scoring System.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The lineage assignment in acute leukemias is critical in therapeutic
      decisions. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry plays the main role in the lineage
      assignment; however, few studies have been done to determine the optimal set of
      markers. In this regard, we tried to find out the optimal first-line set of
      markers with a minimal compromise in its diagnostic sensitivity. MATERIALS AND
      METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 321 cases of acute leukemias whose diagnoses
      were based on the EGIL (European Group for Immunological Classification of Acute
      Leukemia) scores. At our institution, flow cytometic analyses included 15 first
      line markers and 4 additional second-line markers as needed, along with
      immunohistochemical stains. We performed simulational studies for the expected
      EGIL scores involving every possible combination of markers and analyzing the
      overall diagnostic sensitivities in each combination. RESULTS: The cytoplasmic
      antigens including MPO stain and CD79a stain contributed greatly to the lineage
      assignment. For a sensitivity over 95%, there needed a combination of MPO stain
      with other 5 flow markers (CD33, CD13, CD14, CD15 and CD117) for myeloid lineage;
      CD79a stain with 3 flow markers [CD19, CD10, and CD20 (or TdT)] for B-lymphoid
      lineage; and 4 flow markers (CD2, CD3, CD5, and CD7) for T-lymphoid lineage.
      CONCLUSIONS: To maintain diagnostic sensitivities over 95% for each lineage, at
      least 14 markers (including MPO stain and CD79a stain) were needed; while 16
      markers were needed for a sensitivity of 100%. When combined with other important
      markers for specific aims such as CD45, the minimum number of markers needed for
      the accurate diagnosis of acute leukemias would be more than about 18 to 20.

PMID- 18156758
TI  - Evaluation of fixed quality control range of bayer rapidpoint 400 blood gas and
      electrolyte analyzer with six sigma metrics.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Bayer Rapidpoint 400 analyzer for point of care testing (POCT) uses
      fixed quality control (QC) range even when the lot number of a cartridge for
      quality control changes. To evaluate the fixed QC range recommended by the
      manufacturer, we analyzed internal QC data of 9 analyzers with Six Sigma metrics.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated QC data of 9 analyzers over 5 months from
      May to September, 2004 for 8 parameters (pH, pCO(2), pO(2), Na(+), K(+), iCa(++),
      Cl(-), and glucose). One hundred eighty six groups of QC data were analyzed with
      capability index (C(p)=total allowable error (TEa)/3 standard deviation (SD)) and
      capability index considering bias (C(pk),=(TEa-bias)/3 SD). Acceptability was
      evaluated with criteria of 1.33 C(pk), 4 sigma level or quality criteria of the
      Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA'88). RESULTS: In 80.7%
      (150 of 186 groups), both C(p) and C(pk) were at or above 1.33, which indicated
      that the use of fixed QC range was adequate. In 19.3% (36 of 186 groups), C(pk)
      was below 1.33, which indicated the inadequacy of fixed QC range. Among them
      14.5% (27 of 186 groups) showed C(p) below 1.33, indicating that the errors had a
      random factor and 4.8% (9 of 186 groups) had C(p) at or above 1.33, indicating
      that the errors had a systematic factor. CONCLUSIONS: The quality criteria
      mandated by CLIA '88 was satisfied in about 80% of study groups using fixed QC
      ranges, but in about 20%, more strict instrument maintenance and specimen
      handling by operators, and quality improvement of QC materials by manufacturer
      was required.

PMID- 18156759
TI  - [Comparison of Two Enzyme Immunoassays for Clostridium difficile Toxin A.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile is one of the most important pathogens
      responsible for nosocomial diarrhea. The disease is mediated by two toxins,
      designated as A and B; therefore, identification of the toxins is important for
      diagnosis. However, culture or cytotoxin assay are not easily done because of
      tedious procedures. Instead, toxin A immunoassay is widely used. We evaluated two
      different enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for C. difficile toxin A and compared them
      with culture and PCR results. METHODS: A total of 65 stool specimens were
      examined for toxin A using enzyme linked fluorescent immunoassay (ELFA, VIDAS CD
      II, Bio-Merieux, France) and enzyme linked immunosolvent assay (ELISA,
      C.DIFFICILE TOX A II, TECHLAB, USA ) and were also cultured for C. difficile
      using cycloserine cefoxitine fructose agar. We amplified toxin A and B genes
      using primers NK9-NK 11 and NK104-NK105, respectively, in 23 C. difficile
      isolates. RESULTS: The concordance rate between ELFA and ELISA was 76.9%. The
      sensitivity and specificity of the ELFA and ELISA based on the culture and PCR
      results for toxin A gene were 84.6%/98.1% and 84.6%/67.3%. Positive and negative
      predictive values were 91%/96.2% in VIDAS and 78.0%/ 94.6% in TECHLAB. The
      positive rates of toxin B genes were 100%, 83.3% and 50% in toxin A positive,
      variant and negative strains, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivities of the
      ELFA and ELISA for toxin A were the same, but specificity and positive predictive
      value of the ELFA were higher than those of the ELISA. PCR or EIA method
      detecting both toxin A and toxin B is strongly recommended, because the variant
      strains (toxin A negative and toxin B positive) of C. difficile may be more
      prevalent than were anticipated in Korea.

PMID- 18156760
TI  - [Mechanism of VanB Phenotype in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci carrying vanA
      gene.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Recently, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) with the vanA
      genotype that are susceptible to teicoplanin have been described in Japan,
      Taiwan, and Korea. The investigators suggested three point mutations in the
      putative sensor domain of vanS or impairment of accessory proteins VanY and VanZ
      as an explanation for the VanB phenotype-vanA genotype VRE. In this study, we
      analyzed Tn1546-like elements to determine the molecular mechanisms responsible
      for the impaired glycopeptide resistance of clinical VRE isolates with VanB
      phenotype-vanA genotype from Korea. METHODS: From 2001 to 2004, 28 clinical
      isolates of Enterococcus faecium with VanB phenotypevanA genotype were collected
      from 8 different university hospitals in diverse geographic areas in Korea. For
      structural analysis of Tn1546-like elements, PCR amplifications for internal
      regions of Tn1546 were performed. The purified PCR products were directly
      sequenced with an ABI Prism 3100 DNA sequencer. RESULTS: The sequence data of the
      vanS regulatory gene revealed that none of the isolates had any point mutations
      in this gene. All 28 isolates had a complete or incomplete deletion of vanY gene.
      Of these, 13 strains represented a complete deletion of vanZ, and 2 strains
      showed the deletion of nucleotides near the end point of vanX. CONCLUSIONS: The
      mechanism of VanB phenotype-vanA genotype in VRE isolates from Korea is not point
      mutations of vanS but the rearrangements of vanX, vanY and vanZ.

PMID- 18156761
TI  - [Usefulness of Anti-HCV ELISA Test and HCV Reverse Transcriptase-PCR for the
      Diagnosis of Hepatits C Viral Infection.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is screened by
      anti-HCV enzymelinked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and confirmed by recombinant
      immunoblotting assay (RIBA) or HCV RT-PCR. We attempted to evaluate the results
      between anti-HCV ELISA and a qualitative HCV RT-PCR. METHODS: Four hundred and
      twenty patients who were tested with anti-HCV ELISA and HCV RTPCR,
      simultaneously, from January 2002 to June 2005 were enrolled in this study. Anti
      HCV ELISA was performed by AxSYM HCV version 3.0 (Abbott Laboratories, USA). HCV
      RT-PCR was performed using in-house RT-nested PCR methods from January 2002 to
      October 2004 and HCV Genotype Amplification Kit (LiPA) (Bayer Healthcare, USA)
      from November 2004 to June 2005. RESULTS: Of the 420 patients tested, 321 were
      positive for anti-HCV ELISA, and 204 were positive for RT-PCR. The positive
      predictability of anti-HCV ELISA was 63.6%. Among anti-HCV positive patients, RT
      PCR was positive in 7.3% of the patients with sample/cut-off (S/CO)<6, compared
      with 82.8% of the patients with S/CO>/=6. Among the 117 patients with positive
      anti-HCV, but with negative HCV RT-PCR, 64 had liver diseases such as chronic
      hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis B, or hepatocellular carcinoma. Twelve patients
      showed positive HCV RT-PCR, but negative anti-HCV results; of these 9 had hepatic
      dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: In the patients who were positive for anti-HCV ELISA
      with a low S/CO, HCV RT-PCR positivity was shown in a low proportion. Therefore,
      in such cases, the results should be confirmed by RIBA or HCV RT-PCR. The liver
      function test showed increased levels of hepatic enzymes in patients with
      positive HCV RT-PCR, but negative anti-HCV. Such findings correlate to an early
      phase of chronic hepatitis C, suggesting the necessity of continuous follow up.

PMID- 18156762
TI  - [HBV DNA Quantitation Using Real-time PCR.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Accurate measurement of the concentration of hepatitis B virus (HBV)
      DNA in clinical samples is important for the appropriate treatment of patients
      and evaluation of their therapeutic responses. In addition, the concentration of
      HBV DNA in the serum of patients with chronic HBV infection has a very broad
      range. Real-time PCR is very sensitive and useful to detect HBV DNA in a wide
      range of concentrations. We designed new primers and probes for real-time PCR to
      detect HBV DNA. METHODS: Primers and probes specific for HBV were designed.
      EUROHEP HBV DNA standards (NIBSC, Hertfordshire, UK) with the HBV DNA
      concentration of 7.0 x 10(4) copies/mL was used to determine the calibration
      curve and efficacy for the real-time PCR assay. Sensitivity, dynamic range, and
      precision were evaluated. The correlation between the real-time PCR and Cobas
      Amplicor HBV Monitor(TM) assay in the measurement of serum HBV DNA concentrations
      in 52 patients with chronic HBV infection was evaluated. RESULTS: The sensitivity
      of the assay was approximately 6.08 x 10(2) copies/mL for HBV, and the
      quantitation was accurate and reproducible over a wide dynamic range from 6.1 x
      0(2) to 6.5 x 10(9) copies/mL without any dilution of specimens. The assay showed
      low coefficients of variation of repeatability (3.7-24.9%) and reproducibility
      (7.8-24.7%). The results were found to correlate well with those obtained by
      Cobas Amplicor HBV Monitor(TM) kit. CONCLUSIONS: We provide a new in-house method
      for the measurement of serum HBV DNA using real-time PCR, which enables us to
      detect HBV DNA rapidly, sensitively, and accurately.

PMID- 18156763
TI  - [Comparison of three assay systems for qualitative and quantitative results of
      hepatitis B surface antibody.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: With a technical improvement of the assay system, automated
      immunoassay analyzers for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) are widely
      used. However, some discrepancies between assays are still being reported. We
      compared the qualitative and quantitative results of three kinds of anti-HBs
      assays. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 517 patients and anti-HBs were
      determined using AxSYM AUSAB, Bayer ADVIA Centaur, and Roche Elecsys assay
      systems. RESULTS: The concordance rates between the three assays were 95.1%
      (543/571). The concordance rates were 97.7% between Centaur and Elecsys, 96.3%
      between AxSYM and Centaur, and 95.6% between AxSYM and Elecsys. Their correlation
      coefficients for quantitative results were 0.97, 0.94, and 0.93 in the same
      order. Twenty-eight specimens showed discrepant results, and all of them had
      antibody values below 31.5 mIU/mL. CONCLUSIONS: Three immunoassays for anti-HBs
      presented a high concordance and correlation; however, the results should be
      interpreted with caution, because there were still significant differences
      between assay methods, especially for a low-level of anti-HBs.

PMID- 18156764
TI  - [Evaluation of HBs Ag, HCV and HIV Ag-Ab Assays using Bio-Rad Elite Microplate
      Analyzer.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: In this study, we evaluated the performance of Elite microplate
      analyzer (Bio-Rad Laboratories, France) and the related assays (ULTRA line) for
      the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: Seroconversion panels, HBsAg
      positive/HBsAg negative (n=99/n=1,422), anti-HCV positive/negative
      (n=97/n=1,670), and anti-HIV positive/negative (n=112/n=1,704) samples were used
      to evaluate the performance of Monolisa HBsAg ULTRA, Monolisa HCV Ag-Ab ULTRA,
      and Genscreen ULTRA HIV Ag-Ab, respectively. The agreement of Elite microplate
      analyzer with CODA analyzer (Bio-Rad Laboratories, CA, USA) was also evaluated.
      RESULTS: The detection limit of Monolisa HBsAg ULTRA was 0.034 IU/mL. For
      Monolisa HBsAg ULTRA, Monolisa HCV Ag-Ab ULTRA, and Genscreen ULTRA HIV Ag-Ab,
      diagnostic sensitivities were all 100%, diagnostic specificities were 100%, 99.8%
      and 99.9%, and total CVs (coefficients of variation) were 13.8-17.5%, 3.4-5.2%,
      and 7.5-9.5%, respectively. The agreement of Elite microplate analyzer with CODA
      analyzer was 99.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of Elite microplate analyzer and
      the related assays on analytical sensitivity, precision, early detection,
      diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was all adequate for a mass screening.
      However, further large multi-center studies should be performed to validate our
      results.

PMID- 18156765
TI  - [Performance evaluation of real-q HBV quantification kit for HBV DNA by real-time
      PCR.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA quantification is important for the
      management of HBV infection and identification of the development of resistance.
      The susceptibility to contamination and more variable reproducibility of results
      with the conventional HBV DNA quantification method have raised the need of a
      more simple and accurate method for HBV DNA quantification. Real-time
      quantitative PCR assays recently introduced in the laboratory can meet these
      needs. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the Real-Q HBV
      Quantification kit developed in Korea. METHODS: We evaluated the recovery of DNA
      extraction, the interference of internal control, an analytical sensitivity,
      specificity, and reproducibility, a clinical specificity, and a reportable range
      of the Real-Q HBV Quantification kit. The quantification result was also compared
      to that obtained by the Digene Hybrid-Capture II. RESULTS: The mean percent
      recovery was 108.6% and there was no interference with the internal control on
      DNA extraction. None of HIV, hepatitis C virus, or cytomegalovirus showed a cross
      reactivity with HBV. This assay detected HBV DNA in a linear range from 10(2) to
      10(10) copies/mL, with the detection limit of 56 copies/mL. The assay exhibited a
      low within-run CV (coefficient of variation) (8.7-11.9%), between-run CV (10.5
      14.7%), and between-day CV (13.2-21.4%). No HBV DNA was detected in any of 100
      samples without HBV, resulting in a clinical specificity of 100%. The levels of
      HBV DNA showed a good correlation with those determined with Digene Hybrid
      Capture II (R(2)=0.9827). CONCLUSIONS: The Real-Q HBV Quantification kit showed a
      good analytical sensitivity, specificity, and high reliability with a broad
      reportable range. This assay should be clinically useful in managing patients
      with HBV infection.

PMID- 18156766
TI  - [A korean family with Wilson disease occurred in two consecutive generations.].
AB  - Wilson disease (WD) is one of the most common inborn errors of metabolism
      characterized by degenerative changes in the brain, liver and kidney dysfunction,
      and Kayser-Fleischer rings due to toxic accumulation of copper. We investigated a
      Korean family with WD occurred in two consecutive generations. The proband, a 14
      yr-old girl, was noticed to have abnormal liver function on a routine health
      examination at school and was diagnosed of having WD by further laboratory tests
      and liver biopsy. Molecular genetic analysis of ATP7B gene demonstrated that she
      was homozygous for Ala-874Val mutation, one of the three common mutations in
      Korean patients with WD. Further study for her family members revealed that the
      proband's father, a paternal uncle, and the youngest sister were compound
      heterozygous for Ala874Val and Asn1270Ser mutations of the ATP7B gene. In
      addition, the proband's mother and a younger sister were heterozygous carriers of
      Ala874Val mutation. Therefore, WD occurred in two consecutive generations due to
      a WD father and a heterozygous mother. Actually, abnormal results on liver
      function tests were found in the proband's father and a paternal uncle a few
      years ago but a diagnosis of WD has not been made. Therefore, although WD has
      been thought to be uncommon in Korea, it should be considered in a differential
      diagnosis of patients exhibiting abnormal liver function with unknown cause.

PMID- 18156767
TI  - [The Relationship between High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Metabolic
      Syndrome according to the Fasting Glucose Level at Medical Checkups.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: This study was performed to investigate the difference in high
      sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and metabolic syndrome according to the
      fasting glucose level, especially between the groups of less than 100 mg/dL and
      100-109 mg/dL, which were conventionally categorized into normal levels. METHODS:
      Those who underwent routine medical checkups aged above 20 (male, 3,221; female,
      3,334) at a Health Promotion Center (Seoul, Korea) were divided into normal
      fasting glucose group I (glucose <100 mg/dL), normal fasting glucose group II
      (glucose, 100-109 mg/dL), impaired fasting glucose group, and diabetes mellitus
      group. The hsCRP, obesity index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride,
      high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol
      (LDL-C) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] were compared among the groups. The hsCRP and
      the components of metabolic syndrome were compared. RESULTS: The hsCRP level,
      age, obesity index, blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglyceride
      significantly increased along with the increment in fasting glucose level in the
      4 groups. The hsCRP had a positive correlation with the fasting glucose level,
      age, and systolic blood pressure, while it had a negative correlation with HDL-C.
      The metabolic syndrome was more common in the group with a higher level of
      glucose. CONCLUSIONS: The group with glucose level of less than 110 mg/dL,
      conventionally categorized into normal range, needs to be subdivided into a group
      of 100-109 mg/dL and a group of less than 100 mg/dL. The former group seems to
      require more efforts to have the glucose level to be maintained under the level
      of 100 mg/dL.

PMID- 18156768
TI  - [Experience of a Break-Even Point Analysis for Make-or-Buy Decision.].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cost containment through continuous quality improvement of medical
      service is required in an age of a keen competition of the medical market.
      Laboratory managers should examine the matters on make-or-buy decision
      periodically. On this occasion, a break-even point analysis can be useful as an
      analyzing tool. In this study, cost accounting and break-even point (BEP)
      analysis were performed in case that the immunoassay items showing a recent
      increase in order volume were to be in-house made. METHODS: Fixed and variable
      costs were calculated in case that alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic
      antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), ferritin, free thyroxine (fT4),
      triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), CA 125, CA 19-9, and
      hepatitis B envelope antibody (HBeAb) were to be tested with Abbott AxSYM
      instrument. Break-even volume was calculated as fixed cost per year divided by
      purchasing cost per test minus variable cost per test and BEP ratio as total
      purchasing costs at break-even volume divided by total purchasing costs at actual
      annual volume. RESULTS: The average fixed cost per year of AFP, CEA, PSA,
      ferritin, fT4, T3, TSH, CA 125, CA 19-9, and HBeAb was 8,279,187 won and average
      variable cost per test, 3,786 won. Average break-even volume was 1,599 and
      average BEP ratio was 852%. Average BEP ratio without including quality costs
      such as calibration and quality control was 74%. CONCLUSIONS: Because the quality
      assurance of clinical tests cannot be waived, outsourcing all of 10 items was
      more adequate than in-house make at the present volume in financial aspect. BEP
      analysis was useful as a financial tool for make-or-buy decision, the common
      matter which laboratory managers meet with.

PMID- 18156772
TI  - Inhibition of melanogenesis by dioctyl phthalate isolated from Nigella
      glandulifera Freyn.
AB  - Although a number of melanogenesis inhibitors have recently been reported and
      used as cosmetic additives, none is completely satisfactory, leaving a need for
      novel skin-depigmenting agents. Thus, to develop a novel skin-depigmenting agent
      from natural sources, the inhibition of melanogenesis by Chinese plants was
      evaluated. A methanolic extract of Nigella glandulifera Freyn was found to
      inhibit the melanin synthesis of murine B16F10 melanoma cells by 43.7% and
      exhibited a low cytotoxicity (8.1 %) at a concentration of 100 microg/ml. Thus,
      to identify the melanogenesis-inhibiting mechanism, the inhibitory activity
      towards tyrosinase, the key enzyme of melanogenesis, was further evaluated, and
      the results showed inhibitory effects on the activity of intracellular tyrosinase
      yet not on mushroom tyrosinase. Finally, to isolate the compounds with a
      hypopigmenting capability, activity-guided isolation was performed, and Dioctyl
      phthalate identified as inhibiting melanogenesis.

PMID- 18156773
TI  - Fatty acid and carotenoid production by Sporobolomyces ruberrimus when using
      technical glycerol and ammonium sulfate.
AB  - The production of carotenoids, lipid content, and fatty acid composition were all
      studied in a strain of Sporobolomyces ruberrimus when using different
      concentrations of technical glycerol as the carbon source and ammonium sulfate as
      the nitrogen source. The total lipids represented an average of 13% of the dry
      weight, and the maximum lipids were obtained when using 65.5 g/l technical
      glycerol (133.63 mg/ g). The optimal conditions for fatty acid production were at
      27 degrees C using 20 g of ammonium sulfate and a pH range from 6 to 7, which
      produced a fatty acid yield of 32.5+/-1 mg/g, including 1.27+/- 0.15 mg of
      linolenic acid (LNA), 7.50+/-0.45 mg of linoleic acid (LLA), 5.50+/-0.35 mg of
      palmitic acid (PA), 0.60+/-0.03 mg of palmitoleic acid (PAL), 1.28+/-0.11 mg of
      stearic acid (SA), 9.09+/-0.22 mg of oleic acid, 2.50+/-0.10 mg of erucic acid
      (EA), and 4.25+/-0.20 mg of lignoceric acid (LCA), where the palmitic, oleic, and
      linoleic acids combined formed about 37% of the total fatty acids. The
      concentration of total carotenoids was 2.80 mg/g when using 20 g of ammonium
      sulfate, and consisted of torularhodin (2.70 mg/g) and beta-carotene (0.10 mg/
      g), at 23 degrees C and pH 6. However, the highest amount with the maximum
      specific growth rate was obtained (micromax=0.096 h(-1)) with an ammonium sulfate
      concentration of 30 g/l.

PMID- 18156774
TI  - Molecular modeling, synthesis, and screening of new bacterial quorumsensing
      antagonists.
AB  - Abstract A new series comprising 7 analogs of N-(sulfanyl ethanoyl)-L-HSL
      derivatives, 2 analogs of N-(fluoroalkanoyl)- L-HSL derivatives, N
      (fluorosulfonyl)-L-HSL, and 2,2-dimethyl butanoyl HSL were synthesized using a
      solid-phase organic synthesis method. Each of the 11 synthesized compounds was
      analyzed using NMR and mass spectroscopies, and molecular modeling studies of the
      11 ligands were performed using SYBYL packages. Thereafter, a bacterial test was
      designed to identify their quorum-sensing inhibition activity and antifouling
      efficacy. Most of the synthesized compounds were found to be effective as quorum
      sensing antagonists, where antagonist screening revealed that 10 among the 11
      synthesized ligands were able to antagonize the quorum sensing of A. tumefaciens.

PMID- 18156775
TI  - Bacterial beta-lactamase fragmentation complementation strategy can be used as a
      method for identifying interacting protein pairs.
AB  - We investigated the applicability of the TEM-1 beta- lactamase fragment
      complementation (BFC) system to develop a strategy for the screening of protein
      protein interactions in bacteria. A BFC system containing a human Fas-associated
      death domain (hFADD) and human Fas death domain (hFasDD) was generated. The hFADD
      hFasDD interaction was verified by cell survivability in ampicillin-containing
      medium and the colorimetric change of nitrocefin. It was also confirmed by His
      pull-down assay using cell lysates obtained in selection steps. A coiled-coil
      helix coiled-coil domain-containing protein 5 (CHCH5) was identified as an
      interacting protein of human uracil DNA glycosylase (hUNG) from the bacterial BFC
      cDNA library strategy. The interaction between hUNG and CHCH5 was further
      confirmed with immunoprecipitation using a mammalian expression system. CHCH5
      enhanced the DNA glycosylase activity of hUNG to remove uracil from DNA duplexes
      containing a U/G mismatch pair. These results suggest that the bacterial BFC cDNA
      library strategy can be effectively used to identify interacting protein pairs.

PMID- 18156776
TI  - Direct detection of Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhimurium in human feces
      by real-time PCR.
AB  - We have established a SYBR Green-based realtime PCR method using AnyDirect
      solution, which enhances PCR from whole blood, for direct amplification of the
      virA gene of Shigella flexneri and the invA gene of Salmonella typhimurium from
      human feces without prior DNA purification. When we compared the efficiency of
      conventional or realtime PCR amplification of the virA and invA genes from the
      supernatant of boiled feces supplemented with S. flexneri and S. typhimurium in
      the presence or absence of AnyDirect solution, amplification products were
      detected only in reactions to which AnyDirect solution had been added. The
      detection limit of real-time PCR was 1 x 10(4) CFU/g feces for S. flexneri and 2
      x 10(4) CFU/g feces for S. typhimurium this sensitivity level was comparable to
      other studies. Our real-time PCR assay with AnyDirect solution is simple, rapid,
      sensitive, and specific, and allows simultaneous detection of S. flexneri and S.
      typhimurium directly from fecal samples without prior DNA purification.

PMID- 18156777
TI  - Removal of Serratia marcescens aerosols using an electrostatic precipitator.
AB  - We characterized the efficacy of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) air-cleaner
      in reducing the concentration of Serratia marcescens in an enclosed space. We
      used an experimental room (4.5 x 3 x 2.9 m) in which electrostatic aircleaners
      were located. Two air-cleaners enhanced the equivalent ventilation rates in the
      chamber by about 3.3 air changes per hour (ACH) over the 2 ACH provided by the
      mechanical ventilation system. Natural die-off of the organisms provided an
      additional equivalent of 3 ACH, so that the total ventilation rate with the ESP
      air-cleaners was 8.3 ACH. We also examined whether the ESP air-cleaners altered
      the deposition of Serratia marcescens aerosols on the experimental room surfaces.
      We did not find any significant differences in the number of colony forming units
      recovered from surfaces with and without the air-cleaners. We installed UV lights
      inside the ESPs and determined if UV light, in addition to electrical fields,
      increased the efficacy of the ESPs. The presence of UV light inside the ESP
      reduced S. marcescens aerosols by approximately 2 ACH. Finally, a box model
      indicates that the efficiency of the air-cleaner increases for both biological
      and nonbiological particles at ventilation rates of 0.2-1, which are typical for
      residential settings.

PMID- 18156779
TI  - Lipase activity and tacrolimus production in Streptomyces clavuligerus CKD 1119
      mutant strains.
AB  - The effect of carbon sources on tacrolimus production by a mutant strain of
      Streptomyces clavuligerus CKD 1119, an isolate from soil, was examined. Among the
      carbohydrates and oils tested in this work, a mixed carbon source of soluble
      starch and corn oil was the best. An analysis of the culture kinetics also showed
      that, in contrast to the carbohydrates, the corn oil was consumed later in the
      antibiotic production phase, implying that the oil substrate was the principal
      carbon source for the biosynthesis of tacrolimus, and this was directly proven by
      experiments using 14C-glucose and 14C-oleate substrates. Furthermore, corn oil
      induced the formation of lipase by the mutant strain, whereas the addition of
      glucose significantly repressed lipase activity. The lipase activity exhibited by
      the FK-506-overproducing mutants was also observed to be directly proportional to
      their tacrolimus yield, indicating that a high lipase activity is itself a
      crucial factor for tacrolimus production. A feasibility study with a 200-l pilot
      scale fermentor and the best strain (Tc-XII- 15322) identified in this work
      revealed a high volumetric and specific productivity of about 495 mg/l and 0.34
      mg/mg dry mycelium, respectively.

PMID- 18156778
TI  - Development of immunochromatography strip-test using nanocolloidal gold-antibody
      probe for the rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 in grain and feed samples.
AB  - An immunochromatography (ICG) strip test using a nanocolloidal gold-antibody
      probe was developed and optimized for the rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1).
      A monoclonal antibody specific to AFB1 was produced from the cloned hybridoma
      cell (AF78), coupled with nanocolloidal gold, and distributed on the conjugate
      pad of the ICG strip test. The visual detection limit of the ICG strip test was
      0.5 ng/ml, and this method showed a cross-reaction to aflatoxin B2, G1, and G2.
      In total, 172 grain and feed samples were collected and analyzed by both the ICG
      strip test and HPLC. The results of the ICG strip test showed a good agreement
      with those obtained by HPLC. These results indicated that the ICG strip test has
      a potential use as a rapid and cost-effective screening tool for the
      determination of AFB1 in real samples and could be applied to the preliminary
      screening of mycotoxin in food and agricultural products, generating results
      within 15 min without complicated steps.

PMID- 18156780
TI  - Influence of plant species and environmental conditions on epiphytic and
      endophytic pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic bacterial populations
      associated with field-grown rice cultivars.
AB  - The total methylotrophic population associated with rice plants from different
      cultivars was enumerated at three different stages: vegetative, flowering, and
      harvesting. The bacterial population in the leaf, rhizosphere soil, endophytic in
      the stem and roots, and epiphytic in the florets and grains were determined from
      four rice cultivars, Il-mi, Nam-pyeoung, O-dae, and Dong-jin, sampled from three
      different field sites. The methylotrophic bacteria isolated on AMS media
      containing 0.5% methanol as the sole carbon source uniformly showed three
      distinct morphologies, which were recorded as separate groups and their
      distribution among the various samples was determined using the ecophysiological
      index. The growth stage at the time of sampling had a more significant effect on
      the methylotrophic population and their distribution than the field site or
      cultivar. A similar effect was also observed for the PPFMs, where their
      population in different plant parts increased from V10 to R4 and then decreased
      towards stage R9. A canonical discriminant analysis of the PPFM population from
      different parts of rice showed clear variations among the cultivars, sampled
      sites, and growth stages, although the variations were more prominent among the
      growth stages.

PMID- 18156781
TI  - Selection and characterization of forest soil metagenome genes encoding lipolytic
      enzymes.
AB  - A metagenome is a unique resource to search for novel microbial enzymes from the
      unculturable microorganisms in soil. A forest soil metagenomic library using a
      fosmid and soil microbial DNA from Gwangneung forest, Korea, was constructed in
      Escherichia coli and screened to select lipolytic genes. A total of seven unique
      lipolytic clones were selected by screening of the 31,000-member forest soil
      metagenome library based on tributyrin hydrolysis. The ORFs for lipolytic
      activity were subcloned in a high copy number plasmid by screening the secondary
      shortgun libraries from the seven clones. Since the lipolytic enzymes were well
      secreted in E. coli into the culture broth, the lipolytic activity of the
      subclones was confirmed by the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate using culture
      broth. Deduced amino acid sequence analysis of the identified ORFs for lipolytic
      activity revealed that 4 genes encode hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in lipase
      family IV. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 4 proteins were clustered with
      HSL in the database and other metagenomic HSLs. The other 2 genes and 1 gene
      encode non-heme peroxidase-like enzymes of lipase family V and a GDSL family
      esterase/lipase in family II, respectively. The gene for the GDSL enzyme is the
      first description of the enzyme from metagenomic screening.

PMID- 18156782
TI  - Wound healing activity of gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in rats.
AB  - Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid. It is well known for
      its role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter of developing and operating nervous
      systems in brains. In this study, a novel function of GABA in the healing process
      of cutaneous wounds was presented regarding anti-inflammation and fibroblast cell
      proliferation. The cell proliferation activity of GABA was verified through an
      MTT assay using murine fibroblast NIH3T3 cells. It was observed that GABA
      significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of iNOS, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha, in
      LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. To evaluate in vivo activity of GABA in wound
      healing, excisional open wounds were made on the dorsal sides of Sprague-Dawley
      rats under anesthesia, and the healing of the wounds was apparently assessed. The
      molecular aspects of the healing process were also investigated by
      hematoxylineosin staining of the healed skin, displaying the degrees of
      reepithelialization and linear alignment of the granulation tissue, and
      immunostaining and RT-PCR analyses of fibroblast growth factor and platelet
      derived growth factor, implying extracellular matrix synthesis and remodeling of
      the skin. The GABA treatment was effective to accelerate the healing process by
      suppressing inflammation and stimulating reepithelialization, compared with the
      epidermal growth factor treatment. The healing effect of GABA was remarkable at
      the early stage of wound healing, which resulted in significant reduction of the
      whole healing period.

PMID- 18156783
TI  - Effects of PEGylated scFv antibodies against Plasmodium vivax duffy binding
      protein on the biological activity and stability in vitro.
AB  - Duffy binding protein (DBP) plays a critical role in Plasmodium vivax invasion of
      human red blood cells. We previously reported a single-chain antibody fragment
      (scFv) that was specific to P. vivax DBP (PvDBP). However, the stabilization and
      the half-life of scFvs have not been studied. Here, we investigated the effect of
      PEGylated scFvs on their biological activity and stability in vitro. SDS-PAGE
      analysis showed that three clones (SFDBII-12, -58, and -92) were formed as dimers
      (about 70 kDa) with PEGylation. Clone SFDBII-58 gave the highest yield of
      PEGylated scFv. Binding analysis using BIAcore between DBP and scFv showed that
      both SFDBII-12 and -58 were decreased approximately by two folds at the level of
      binding affinity to DBP after PEGylation. However, the SFDBII-92 clone still
      showed a relatively high level of binding affinity (KD=1.02 x 10(-7) M). Binding
      inhibition assay showed that PEGylated scFv was still able to competitively bind
      the PvDBP and play a critical role in inhibiting the interactions between PvDBP
      protein expressed on the surface of Cos-7 cells and Duffy receptor on the surface
      of erythrocytes. When both scFvs and their PEGylated counterparts were exposed to
      trypsin, scFv was completely degraded only after 24 h, whereas 35% of PEGylated
      scFvs remained intact, maintaining their stability against the proteolytic attack
      of trypsin until 72 h. Taken together, these results suggest that the PEGylated
      scFvs retain their stability against proteolytic enzymes in vivo, with no
      significant loss in their binding affinity to target antigen, DBP.

PMID- 18156784
TI  - Expression and characterization of trehalose biosynthetic modules in the adjacent
      locus of the salbostatin gene cluster.
AB  - The pseudodisaccharide salbostatin, which consists of valienamine linked to 2
      amino-1,5-anhydro-2-deoxyglucitol, is a strong trehalase inhibitor. From our
      Streptomyces albus ATCC 21838 genomic library, we identified thirty-nine ORFs in
      a 40-kb gene cluster. Twenty-one genes are supposed to be a complete set of
      modules responsible for the salbostatin biosynthesis. Through sequence analysis
      of the gene cluster, some of the upstream gene products (SalB, SalC, SalD, SalE,
      and SalF) revealed functional resemblance with trehalose biosynthetic enzymes. On
      the basis of this rationale, we isolated the five genes (salB, salC, salD, salE,
      and salF) from the S. albus ATCC 21838 and cloned them into the expression vector
      pWHM3. We demonstrated the noticeable expression and accumulation of trehalose,
      using only the five upstream biosynthetic gene cluster of salbostatin, in the
      transformed Streptomyces lividans TK24. Finally, 490 mg/l trehalose was produced
      by fermentation of the transformant with sucrosedepleted R2YE media.

PMID- 18156785
TI  - Determination of differences in the nonvolatile metabolites of pine-mushrooms
      (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) according to different parts and heating times using
      1H NMR and principal component analysis.
AB  - The differences in the nonvolatile metabolites of pine-mushrooms (Tricholoma
      matsutake Sing.) according to different parts and heating times were analyzed by
      applying principal component analysis (PCA) to 1H nuclear magnetic resonance
      (NMR) spectroscopy data. The 1H NMR spectra and PCA enabled the differences of
      nonvolatile metabolites among mushroom samples to be clearly observed. The two
      parts of mushrooms could be easily discriminated based on PC 1, and could be
      separated according to different heattreated times based on PC 3. The major peaks
      in the 1H NMR spectra that contributed to differences among mushroom samples were
      assigned to trehalose, succinic acid, choline, leucine/isoleucine, and alanine.
      The content of trehalose was higher in the pileus than in the stipe of all
      mushroom samples, whereas succinic acid, choline, and leucine/isoleucine were the
      main components in the stipe. Heating resulted in significant losses of alanine
      and leucine/isoleucine, whereas succinic acid, choline, and trehalose were the
      most abundant components in mushrooms heat-treated for 3 min and 5 min,
      respectively.

PMID- 18156786
TI  - Cloning and strong expression of a Bacillus subtilis WL-3 mannanase gene in B.
      subtilis.
AB  - A gene encoding the mannanase of Bacillus subtilis WL-3, which had been isolated
      from Korean soybean paste, was cloned into Escherichia coli and the nucleotide
      sequence of a 2.7-kb DNA fragment containing the mannanase gene was subsequently
      determined. The mannanase gene, designated manA, consisted of 1,080 nucleotides
      encoding polypeptide of 360 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence
      was highly homologous to those of mannanases belonging to glycosyl hydrolase
      family 26. The manA gene was strongly expressed in B. subtilis 168 by cloning the
      gene downstream of a strong B. subtilis promoter of plasmid pJ27Delta 88U. In
      flask cultures, the production of mannanase by recombinant B. subtilis 168
      reached maximum levels of 300 units/ml and 450 units/ml in LB medium and LB
      medium containing 0.3% locust bean gum, respectively. Based on the zymogram of
      the mannanase, it was found that the mannanase produced by recombinant B.
      subtilis could be maintained stably without proteolytic degradation during the
      culture time.

PMID- 18156787
TI  - Functional assembly of recombinant human ferritin subunits in Pichia pastoris.
AB  - Ferritin is an iron storage protein found in most living organisms as a natural
      assembled macromolecule. For studying the functional ability of the ferritin
      assembly, human H- and L-ferritins were expressed and purified from Pichia
      pastoris strain GS115. The recombinant H- and L-ferritins showed a globular form
      with transmission electron microscopy. The rate of iron uptake for H-ferritin was
      significantly faster than that for the L-ferritin in vitro. By gel permeation
      chromatography analysis, recombinant ferritins were confirmed as multimeric
      subunits with high molecular weight and it was indicated that assembled subunits
      were able to store iron in vivo.

PMID- 18156788
TI  - Soybean oil-degrading bacterial cultures as a potential for control of green
      peach aphids (Myzus persicae).
AB  - Microorganisms capable of degrading crude oil were isolated and grown in soybean
      oil as a sole carbon source. The microbial cultures were used to control green
      peach aphids in vitro. Approximately 60% mortality of aphids was observed when
      the cultures were applied alone onto aphids. To examine the cultures as a
      pesticide formulation mixture, the cultures were combined with a low dose of the
      insecticide imidacloprid (one-fourth dose of recommended field-application rate)
      and applied onto aphids. The cultures enhanced significantly the insecticidal
      effectiveness of imidacloprid, which was higher than imidacloprid alone applied
      at the low dose. The isolated microorganisms exhibited high emulsifying index
      values and decreased surface tension values after being grown in soybean oil
      media. GC/MS analyses showed that microorganisms degraded soybean oil to fatty
      acids. The cultures were suggested to play the roles of wetting, spreading, and
      sticking agents to improve the effectiveness of imidacloprid. This is the first
      report on the control of aphids by using oil-degrading microbial cultures.

PMID- 18156789
TI  - Population dynamics of phage-host system of Microlunatus phosphovorus indigenous
      in activated sludge.
AB  - Monitoring of the phage-host system of Microlunatus phosphovorus indigenous in
      activated sludge was attempted. A laboratory-scale activated sludge process was
      operated for 5 weeks with synthetic wastewater. The phage-host system population
      in the process was monitored by plaque assay and FISH methods at every 3 days.
      During the process operation, the phage-host system populations were more or less
      steady, except for 1 week in the middle of the operation. In that period,
      initially M. phosphovorus decreased significantly and its lytic bacteriophages
      increased, and then M. phosphovorus increased back to its original level while
      its lytic bacteriophages decreased. This observation suggests that lytic
      bacteriophages should be considered as one of the biological factors affecting
      the bacterial population dynamics in activated sludge processes.

PMID- 18156790
TI  - Heterogeneous rRNA molecules encoded by Streptomyces coelicolor M145 genome are
      all expressed and assembled into ribosomes.
AB  - The Streptomyces coelicolor M145 genome harbors six copies of divergent rRNA
      operons that differ at ~0.2% and ~0.6% of the nucleotide positions in small
      subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rRNA genes, respectively. When these rRNA
      genes are expressed, a single cell may harbor three different kinds of SSU rRNA
      and five kinds of LSU rRNA. Primer extension analyses revealed that all of the
      heterogeneous rRNA molecules are expressed and assembled into ribosomes. This
      finding and the maintenance of the intragenomic variability of rRNA operons imply
      the existence of functional divergence of rRNA species in this developmentally
      complex microorganism.

PMID- 18156791
TI  - Discovery of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, CR229, using structurebased drug
      screening.
AB  - To generate new scaffold candidates as highly selective and potent cyclin
      dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, structure-based drug screening was performed
      utilizing 3D pharmacophore conformations of known potent inhibitors. As a result,
      CR229 (6-bromo-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-carbolin-1-one) was generated as the hit
      compound. A computational docking study using the X-ray crystallographic
      structure of CDK2 in complex with CR229 was evaluated. This predicted binding
      mode study of CR229 with CDK2 demonstrated that CR229 interacted effectively with
      the Leu83 and Glu81 residues in the ATP-binding pocket of CDK2 for the possible
      hydrogen bond formation. Furthermore, biochemical studies on inhibitory effects
      of CR229 on various kinases in the human cervical cancer HeLa cells demonstrated
      that CR229 was a potent inhibitor of CDK2 (IC50: 3 microM), CDK1 (IC50: 4.9
      microM), and CDK4 (IC50: 3 microM), yet had much less inhibitory effect (IC50:
      >20 microM) on other kinases, such as casein kinase 2-1 (CK2- alpha1), protein
      kinase A (PKA), and protein kinase C (PKC). Accordingly, these data demonstrate
      that CR229 is a potent CDK inhibitor with anticancer efficacy.

PMID- 18156792
TI  - Cyclo(Dehydrohistidyl-L-tryptophyl), an inhibitor of nitric oxide production from
      a fungal strain, Fb956.
AB  - In the course of screening for nitric oxide inhibitors in activated microglial BV
      2 cells, cyclo(dehydrohistidyl-Ltryptophyl) was isolated from solid-state
      fermentation cultures of an unidentified fungal strain, Fb956. Its structure was
      determined by spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR and chiral TLC analyses.
      Cyclo(dehydrohistidyl-L-tryptophyl) was found to have an inhibitory activity on
      nitric oxide production with an IC50 of 6.5 muM in activated BV-2 cells. The
      structure determination and biological activity of cyclo(dehydrohistidyl- L
      tryptophyl) was reported for the first time in this study.

PMID- 18156793
TI  - Morphological discretion of basidiospores of the puffball mushroom Calostoma by
      electron and atomic force microscopy.
AB  - Comparative morphology among species of the genus Calostoma, including C.
      cinnabarina, C. ravenelii, and C. japonicum, was investigated by scanning
      electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Spore morphology of cinnabarina
      and C. ravenelii showed no dramatic differences by light microcopy and scanning
      electron microscopy. To differentiate these species, atomic force microscopy was
      employed. Quantitative analysis of the surface roughness basidiospores revealed
      subtle differences in height fluctuation at the nanometer scale between the
      species of Calostoma. Basidiospores of C. cinnabarina had a relatively rougher
      surface than those of C. ravenelii at 2.0 x 2.0 micro m2 scan areas.

PMID- 18156794
TI  - A green fluorescent protein-based whole-cell bioreporter for the detection of
      phenylacetic acid.
AB  - Phenylacetic acid (PAA) is produced by many bacteria as an antifungal agent and
      also appears to be an environmentally toxic chemical. The object of this study
      was to detect PAA using Pseudomonas putida harboring a reporter plasmid that has
      a PAA-inducible promoter fused to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene.
      Pseudomonas putida KT2440 was used to construct a green fluorescent protein-based
      reporter fusion using the paaA promoter region to detect the presence of PAA. The
      reporter strain exhibited a high level of gfp expression in minimal medium
      containing PAA; however, the level of GFP expression diminished when glucose was
      added to the medium, whereas other carbon sources, such as succinate and
      pyruvate, showed no catabolic repression. Interestingly, overexpression of a paaF
      gene encoding PAACoA ligase minimized catabolic repression. The reporter strain
      could also successfully detect PAA produced by other PAA-producing bacteria. This
      GFP-based bioreporter provides a useful tool for detecting bacteria producing
      PAA.

PMID- 18156795
TI  - Investigation of beta-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa isolated from non-tertiary care hospitals in Korea.
AB  - A total of 2,280 nonduplicate clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      obtained nationwide from Korean non-tertiary care hospitals from 2002 to 2005,
      were identified and their susceptibilities to aminoglycosides, antipseudomonal
      penicillins, carbapenems, cephalosporins, monobactams, and quinolones were
      studied, together with their production of beta- lactamases. Using disk diffusion
      and minimum inhibitory concentration tests, it was found that 2.9% of isolates
      were multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa. An EDTA-disk synergy test, PCR
      amplification with specifically designed primers, and direct sequencing of the
      PCR products showed that the blaOXA-10, blaVIM-2, blaOXA-2, blaOXA-17, blaPER-1,
      blaSHV-12, and blaIMP-1 genes were carried by 34.3%, 26.9%, 3.0%, 3.0%, 1.5%,
      1.5%, and 1.5% of 67 MDR P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. The prevalence of
      MDR P. aeruginosa was three-fold higher, compared with that from the United
      States. More than two types of beta-lactamase genes were carried by 10.4% of
      isolates. The most prevalent beta-lactamase genes were blaVIM-2 and blaOXA-10.
      This study is the first description of MDR P. aeruginosa from non-tertiary care
      hospitals in Korea and the coexistence of the blaOXA-10 gene with blaVIM-2,
      blaIMP-1, or blaPER-1 in these clinical isolates.

PMID- 18156796
TI  - Study of cell-mediated response in mice by HPV16 L1 virus-like particles
      expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The first vaccine against human papillomaviruses (HPV) formulated with HPV16 L1
      virus-like particles (VLPs) produced in yeast was approved by the FDA in June
      2006. Nevertheless, there have been few studies of the immunogenicity in mice of
      VLPs. In this study, we evaluated the cell-mediated immune response to VLPs
      produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After immunization of mice with HPV16 L1
      VLPs, we measured splenocytes proliferation and the levels of IFNgamma, IL2, IL4,
      and IL5. Splenocytes proliferation was significantly increased and a mixed
      Th1/Th2 response was indicated. IgG subtype immunoresponses were strongly induced
      and IgG1 titers were higher than those of IgG2a.

PMID- 18156798
TI  - A functional link between SIRT1 deacetylase and NBS1 in DNA damage response.
AB  - In mammalian cells, DNA is often subjected to stresses such as ionizing radiation
      (IR) that can induce DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). In response to DNA DSBs,
      mammalian cells activate a rapid phosphorylation signaling cascade through the
      protein kinases, Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) and ATM- and Rad3-Related
      (ATR). Many well-characterized DNA repair factors are phosphorylated by ATM in
      response to DSBs, and the sequential phosphorylation of some of these factors,
      including NBS1, delay cell cycle progression (checkpoint arrest) to allow time
      for DNA damage repair. Results from a new study suggest that phosphorylation of
      NBS1 is regulated by the acetylation status of the protein, which is modulated by
      SIRT1 deacetylase.

PMID- 18156799
TI  - Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 induces apoptosis in human diffuse large
      B-cell lymphomas.
AB  - Cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors have the potential to induce growth
      arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. The genes encoding cdks involved in G1-S
      progression are often amplified in B-cell malignancies, including diffuse large B
      cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here, we evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the
      cdk2 inhibitor CVT-313 against several human DLBCL cells. Treatment of DLBCL
      cells with CVT-313 resulted in apoptosis. CVT-313 treatment reduced cdk2-mediated
      phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) on T821, but did not
      affect cyclin D-cdk4/6-mediated Rb phosphorylation on S807/811. Depletion of
      endogenous cdk2 by short interfering (si)RNA also resulted in apoptosis in human
      LY3, LY8 and LY18 DLBCL cells. Importantly, inhibition of cdk2 with CVT-313 or
      knockdown of endogenous cdk2 with siRNA resulted in down-regulation of the anti
      apoptotic factor Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), suggesting that decreased
      levels of cellular Mcl-1 contribute to apoptosis. In support of this, siRNA
      mediated knockdown of Mcl-1 was sufficient to induce apoptosis in LY3 and LY18
      DLBCL. Further, cdk2 inhibition led to decreased Mcl-1 mRNA levels, which was
      proceeded by reduced phosphorylation of serine 2 on the carboxyl terminal domain
      (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. Taken together, these data suggest that cdk2 activity
      is necessary for the survival of human DLBCL.

PMID- 18156800
TI  - Homeostatic and maturation-associated proliferation in the peripheral B-cell
      compartment.
AB  - B lymphocytes contribute to the immune system by the production of antigen
      specific antibodies. When naive mature B-lymphocytes recognize antigen with their
      specific Ig receptors, they will undergo clonal proliferation and
      differentiation, thereby generating a large number of long-lived memory B cells
      and plasma cells that produce and secrete antigen-specific antibodies. Recently,
      we generated new insights on the peripheral B-cell compartment in mice and man,
      supported by the introduction of a novel molecular assay that quantifies the
      replication history of B lymphocytes. Our data indicate that naive mature B
      lymphocytes are able to undergo antigen-independent homeostatic proliferation.
      Furthermore, the extent of proliferation differs substantially between T-cell
      dependent and T-cell independent B-cell responses. Thus, three unique
      proliferation stages occur in the peripheral B-cell compartment. Now that we have
      identified the B-cell subsets that undergo proliferation, it is a challenge to
      investigate the initiation and regulation of the proliferation processes. To
      support the understanding of each of the three proliferation stages, we present
      our view on the impact of the different proliferation stages on B-cell
      maturation, the potential molecular mechanisms underlying these processes, and
      the potential implications in human immunological diseases.

PMID- 18156801
TI  - The birth of the centromere.
AB  - The centromere is the region of the eukaryotic chromosome that determines
      kinetochore formation and sister chromatid cohesion. Centromeres interact with
      spindle microtubules to ensure chromatid segregation during mitosis and
      homologous chromosome segregation during meiosis I. In recent years, the overall
      organization of centromeres in several eukaryotic species has been described, yet
      the mechanisms of centromere definition remain elusive. Understanding the
      evolutionary origin of the centromere may well elucidate aspects of its function.
      With such intention, we hypothesize that centromeres were derived from telomeres
      during the evolution of the eukaryotic chromosome. We propose that the proto
      eukaryotic cell could not have evolved a nucleus without concurrently evolving a
      new tubulin-based cytoskeleton, the microtubules and a specific chromosomal
      region that enabled the chromosome-microtubule interaction, the centromere. The
      repetitive nature of the subtelomeric regions that gave rise to the centromeres
      forced the concerted evolution of the centromeres. Although this implies the
      absence of a conserved primary sequence, a conserved centromere-specific
      structural motif could still exist and determine where in the chromosome the
      centromere is to be formed. To support the "centromeres-from-telomeres"
      hypothesis, we discuss several situations, in meiosis and mitosis, where
      telomeric regions took over centromeric roles. The recently discovered phenomenon
      of centromere repositioning is also discussed because it has revealed new
      insights into how neocentromeres evolve.

PMID- 18156803
TI  - Linkage of curcumin-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by cyclin-dependent
      kinase inhibitor p21(/WAF1/CIP1).
AB  - We have recently shown that curcumin induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells
      through Bax translocation to mitochondria and caspase activation, and enhances
      the therapeutic potential of TRAIL. However, the molecular mechanisms by which it
      causes growth arrest are not well-understood. We studied the molecular mechanism
      of curcumin-induced cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer androgen-sensitive LNCaP
      and androgen-insensitive PC-3 cells. Treatment of both cell lines with curcumin
      resulted in cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase and that this cell cycle arrest is
      followed by the induction of apoptosis. Curcumin induced the expression of cyclin
      dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p16(/INK4a), p21(/WAF1/CIP1) and p27(/KIP1),
      and inhibited the expression of cyclin E and cyclin D1, and hyperphosphorylation
      of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. Lactacystin, an inhibitor of 26 proteasome,
      blocks curcumin-induced down-regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E proteins,
      suggesting their regulation at level of posttranslation. The suppression of
      cyclin D1 and cyclin E by curcumin may inhibit CDK-mediated phosphorylation of
      pRb protein. The inhibition of p21(/WAF1/CIP1) by siRNA blocks curcumin-induced
      apoptosis, thus establishing a link between cell cycle and apoptosis. These
      effects of curcumin result in the proliferation arrest and disruption of cell
      cycle control leading to apoptosis. Our study suggests that curcumin can be
      developed as a chemopreventive agent for human prostate cancer.

PMID- 18156802
TI  - Pleiotrophin, a multifunctional tumor promoter through induction of tumor
      angiogenesis, remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, and activation of stromal
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Pleiotrophin (PTN, Ptn) is a widely expressed, developmentally regulated 136
      amino acid secreted heparin-binding cytokine. It signals through a unique
      signaling pathway; the PTN receptor is the transmembrane receptor protein
      tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP)beta/zeta. RPTPbeta/zeta is inactivated by PTN, which
      leads to increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the downstream targets of the
      PTN/RPTPbeta/zeta signaling pathway. Pleiotrophin gene expression is found in
      cells in early differentiation during different developmental periods. It is
      upregulated in cells with an early differentiation phenotype in wound repair. The
      Ptn gene also is a proto-oncogene; PTN is expressed in human tumor cells, and, in
      cell lines derived from human tumors that express Ptn, Ptn expression is
      constitutive and thus "inappropriate". Importantly, properties of different cells
      induced by PTN in PTN-stimulated cells are strikingly similar to properties of
      highly malignant cells. Furthermore, transformed cells into which Ptn is
      introduced undergo "switches" to malignant cells of higher malignancy with
      properties that are strikingly similar to properties of PTN-stimulated cells.
      These unique features of PTN support the conclusion that constitutive PTN
      signaling in malignant cells that inappropriately express Ptn functions as a
      potent tumor promoter. Recently, in confirmation, Ptn targeted by the mouse
      mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter in a transgenic mouse model was found to
      promote breast cancers to a more aggressive breast cancer cell phenotype that
      morphologically closely resembles scirrhous carcinoma in human; in addition, it
      promoted a striking increase in tumor angiogenesis and a remarkable degree of
      remodeling of the micro-environment. Pleiotrophin thus regulates both different
      normal and pathological functions; collectively, the different studies have
      uncovered the unique ability of a single cytokine PTN, which signals through the
      unique PTN/RPTPbeta/zeta signaling pathway, to induce the many properties
      associated with tumor promotion in the malignant cells that constitutively
      express Ptn and in their microenvironment.

PMID- 18156804
TI  - ErbB-2 receptor cooperates with E6/E7 oncoproteins of HPV type 16 in breast
      tumorigenesis.
AB  - The ErbB-2 receptor is overexpressed in roughly 30% of human breast cancers.
      Moreover, approximately 50% of breast cancers are positive for high-risk human
      papillomaviruses (HPVs), specifically types 16 and 18. Recently, we reported that
      ErbB-2 cooperates with E6/E7 oncoproteins of HPV type 16 to induce neoplastic
      transformation of human normal oral epithelial cells. We also demonstrated that
      E6/E7 of HPV type 16 converts non-invasive breast cancer cells to an invasive
      form. In order to investigate the effect of ErbB-2/E6/E7 cooperation in breast
      carcinogenesis, we generated double transgenic mice carrying ErbB-2 and E6/E7 of
      HPV type 16 under mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) and human keratin 14
      promoters, respectively. Within six months, these double transgenic mice
      developed large and extensive invasive breast cancer in comparison to ErbB-2 or
      E6/E7 singly transgenic mice. Histological analysis of ErbB-2/E6/E7 transgenic
      mice tumors showed the presence of invasive breast carcinomas. However, the
      breast tissues from ErbB-2 and E6/E7 transgenic mice showed only in-situ cancer
      and normal mammary phenotype, respectively. In parallel, we examined the
      cooperation effect of ErbB-2 and E6/E7 in the human breast cancer cell line,
      BT20; in comparison to ErbB-2 and E6/E7 alone as well as wild type cells, we
      found that ErbB 2/E6/E7 together stimulate colony formation and cell migration in
      the BT20 cell line. Furthermore, we found that beta-catenin is constitutively
      phosphorylated by c-Src and consequently trans-located to the nucleus in ErbB
      2/E6/E7-breast cancer cells. These findings provide evidence that the ErbB-2
      receptor cooperates with high-risk HPVs in breast tumorigenesis via beta-catenin
      activation.

PMID- 18156805
TI  - Mutation of zebrafish caf-1b results in S phase arrest, defective
      differentiation, and p53-mediated apoptosis during organogenesis.
AB  - The cell cycle of multicellular organisms must be tightly coordinated with
      organogenesis and differentiation. Experiments done in vitro have identified
      chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) as a protein complex promoting chromatin
      assembly during DNA replication, but the in vivo role of CAF-1 in multicellular
      animals is still poorly understood. Here we describe the characterization of a
      zebrafish mutant disrupting CAF-1b activity, and show that it leads to defective
      cell cycle progression and differentiation in several organs, including the
      retina, optic tectum, pectoral fins, and head skeleton. Retinal precursor cells
      mutant for caf-1b arrest in S phase and undergo p53-mediated apoptosis. While p53
      deficiency is able to rescue apoptosis in caf-1b mutants, it fails to rescue
      differentiation, indicating that CAF-1 activity is essential for differentiation
      in these organs. In addition, we also show that regulation of caf-1b expression
      in the retina depends on a group of genes that regulate the switch from
      proliferation to differentiation.

PMID- 18156806
TI  - N-terminal proteolysis of full-length mutant huntingtin in an inducible PC12 cell
      model of Huntington's disease.
AB  - Proteolytic cleavage of mutant huntingtin may play a key role in the pathogenesis
      of Huntington's disease; however the steps in huntingtin proteolysis are not
      fully understood. Huntingtin was shown to be cleaved by caspases and calpains
      within a region between 460-600 amino acids from the N-terminus. Two smaller N
      terminal fragments produced by unknown protease have been previously described as
      cp-A and cp-B. To further investigate the huntingtin proteolytic pathway, we used
      an inducible PC12 cell model expressing full-length huntingtin with either normal
      or expanded polyglutamine. This cell model recapitulates several steps of
      huntingtin proteolysis: proteolysis mediated by caspases within the region
      previously mapped for caspase cleavage, and cleavage generating two novel N
      terminal fragments (cp-1 approximately 90-105 residues long and cp-2 extending
      beyond 115-129 epitope of huntingtin). Interestingly, the deletion of amino acids
      105-114 (mapped previously as a cleavage site for cp-A) failed to affect the
      production of cp-1 or cp-2. Therefore, we conclude that these new fragments are
      distinct from previously described cp-A and cp-B. We demonstrate that cp-1 and cp
      2 fragments are produced and accumulate within nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions
      prior to huntingtin-induced cell toxicity, and these fragments can be formed by
      caspase-independent proteolytic cleavage of huntingtin in PC12 cells. In
      addition, inhibition of calpains leads to decreased subsequent degradation of cp
      1 and cp-2 fragments, and accelerated formation of inclusions. Further
      delineation of huntingtin cleavage events may lead to novel therapeutic targets
      for HD.

PMID- 18156807
TI  - Paradoxes of aging.
AB  - Insightful articles by Kirkwood and other outstanding scientists reveal paradoxes
      of aging. The source of paradoxes is an assumption that aging is caused by
      random, cumulative molecular damage. Here I demonstrate that a concept of TOR
      driven program-like aging almost automatically resolves eleven paradoxes of
      aging. This article discusses why the accumulation of molecular damage does not
      limit life span, why calorie restriction and inhibition of protein synthesis
      extend life span, why the non-existing 'program' for aging is nevertheless
      robust, why a key gene for aging cannot be found by knocking it out, why low
      insulin is associated with good health but low insulin response with bad health,
      why aging is not a disease but can be treated as a disease, why 'healthy' aging
      is slow aging, and how we know that calorie restriction actually slows aging in
      humans.

PMID- 18156808
TI  - Distinguishing benign dissecting mucin (stromal mucin pools) from invasive
      mucinous carcinoma.
AB  - Mucin dissecting stroma suggests the presence of an invasive mucinous (colloid)
      carcinoma. However, in virtually every organ in which invasive mucinous carcinoma
      exists, there exist benign mimickers associated with dissecting mucin. This
      article reviews diagnostic criteria for the differential diagnosis of mucinous
      lesions of the breast, pancreas, biliary tract, colon, appendix, and bladder,
      emphasizing practical points, which we find helpful in daily diagnostic surgical
      pathology practice.

PMID- 18156809
TI  - The most common, clinically significant misdiagnoses in testicular tumor
      pathology, and how to avoid them.
AB  - Testicular tumors are both increasing in frequency and disproportionately occur
      in young men; furthermore, different forms of neoplasm require different
      treatments. These considerations make the accurate diagnosis of testicular tumors
      especially important. Many of the critical distinctions involve the
      differentiation of seminoma from one or more potential mimics because seminoma is
      not only the most common testicular neoplasm but it is also the only malignant
      testicular tumor that is commonly treated with radiation, which is ineffective in
      other malignancies of the testis. For the most part, accurate diagnosis can be
      achieved by careful light microscopic evaluation, although appropriate
      immunostains can provide diagnostic assistance if doubt persists. This article
      discusses a number of clinically important differential diagnoses in the testis
      that are common sources of misinterpretations. These include: seminoma versus
      embryonal carcinoma, seminoma versus yolk sac tumor, seminoma versus Sertoli cell
      tumor, seminoma with syncytiotrophoblast cells versus choriocarcinoma,
      granulomatous seminoma versus granulomatous orchitis, intertubular seminoma
      versus orchitis, lymphoma versus seminoma or embryonal carcinoma, dermoid cyst
      versus teratoma, scar versus regressed germ cell tumor, and "anaplastic"
      spermatocytic seminoma versus usual seminoma or embryonal carcinoma.

PMID- 18156810
TI  - Renal epithelial neoplasms: diagnostic applications of gene expression profiling.
AB  - Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer in adults.
      RCC is a significant challenge for pathologic diagnosis and clinical management.
      The primary approach to diagnosis is by light microscopy, using the World Health
      Organization (WHO) classification system, which defines histopathologic tumor
      subtypes with distinct clinical behavior and underlying genetic mutations.
      However, light microscopic diagnosis of RCC subtypes can be difficult due to
      variable histology, morphologic features shared by tumor subtypes, and a growing
      frequency of small tumor biopsies with limited morphologic information. In
      addition to these diagnostic problems, the clinical behavior of RCC is highly
      variable, and therapeutic response rates are poor. Few clinical assays are
      available to predict outcome in RCC or correlate behavior with histology.
      Therefore, novel RCC classification systems based on gene expression should be
      useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Recent microarray studies have
      shown that renal tumors are characterized by distinct gene expression profiles,
      which can be used to discover novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Here,
      we review clinical features of kidney cancer, the WHO classification system, and
      the growing role of molecular classification for diagnosis, prognosis, and
      therapy of this disease.

PMID- 18156811
TI  - Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a review of salient clinical and
      pathologic features.
AB  - Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas is a rare tumor of uncertain
      histogenesis characterized, as the name suggests, by a cystic and solid pattern
      of growth with formation of pseudopapillae. Accounting for only a small
      percentage of pancreatic neoplasms, SPT occurs primarily in young women, although
      cases in older patients and men have been reported. The tumor is thought to have
      low-grade malignant potential, as the majority of the cases are cured by simple
      but complete surgical resection. Knowledge of the unique morphologic and
      demographic characteristics of this neoplasm is essential for accurate diagnosis.
      Herein, we review the clinical and pathologic features, which can help separate
      SPTs from other primary pancreatic tumors.

PMID- 18156812
TI  - GRIM-19 in Health and Disease.
AB  - GRIM-19, a gene associated with retinoid interferon-induced mortality, was
      originally identified as a critical regulatory protein for interferon-beta and
      retinoic acid-induced cell death. It was also demonstrated that GRIM-19 is
      involved in mitochondrial metabolism, as an integrant component of complex I of
      the mitochondrial respiratory chain. GRIM-19 appears, therefore, as a dual
      function protein involved in cell death and mitochondrial metabolism. GRIM-19
      knock out leads to Complex I assembly disruption and embryonic lethality in mice,
      showing that it is a crucial component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain
      essential for early embryonic development. Recently, mutations in GRIM-19 were
      described in Hurthle cell (mitochondrion-rich) tumors of the thyroid and down
      regulation or loss of its expression were found in renal cell carcinomas,
      suggesting a role for GRIM-19 in tumorigenesis. As GRIM-19 binds and inhibits the
      signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), which has been shown
      to be activated in several human tumors it is tempting to advance that GRIM-19
      may function as a tumor suppressor gene in tumors in which STAT3 plays a major
      role.

PMID- 18156813
TI  - Molecular basis of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD).
AB  - Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a serious genetic
      disease characterized by cystic changes in the collecting ducts of the kidney and
      bile ducts within the liver. The gene for ARPKD (PKHD1) is located on chromosome
      6p12 and encodes a protein called fibrocystin/polyductin (FPC), 1 of many
      proteins that are normally present at the primary cilia of the renal tubules and
      intrahepatic bile ducts. The severity of the clinical disease depends on the type
      of genetic mutations. Although exact function of FPC is not fully known, it is
      generally felt that like many of the other ciliary proteins, it plays a vital
      role in maintaining the structural integrity of organs such as kidney and liver,
      by modulating important cellular functions, including proliferation, secretion,
      apoptosis, and terminal differentiation. FPC probably works in conjunction with
      cellular proteins involved in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease that
      is, polycystin-1 and polycystin-2, which are also located in the primary cilia.
      Genetic abnormalities in PKHD1 may result in structural and functional
      abnormalities of FPC, leading to cystic phenotype.

PMID- 18156819
TI  - Expanding the rationale for occlusion?

PMID- 18156824
TI  - Hidden sounds and busy bubbles: ultrasound therapy and applications for wound
      care.

PMID- 18156825
TI  - Measuring toe brachial index.

PMID- 18156826
TI  - Copayment collection is not an option!

PMID- 18156827
TI  - Bioengineering models of deep tissue injury.

PMID- 18156828
TI  - Increasing heel skin perfusion by elevation.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of elevation in the primary prevention and
      treatment of pressure ulcers by studying the blood flow in tissue at risk of
      ulceration. DESIGN: A prospective study was used to compare different
      preventative devices with an elevating prosthesis. SETTING: : Wollongong Hospital
      Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Normal subjects and
      subjects with vasculopathy were tested with their heel resting on a hospital bed,
      medical-grade lamb's wool, or a viscoelastic gel overlay, with or without the
      test prosthesis. Skin perfusion was measured throughout using a laser Doppler
      monitor. INTERVENTION: A device designed to elevate the heel off the bed and
      distribute the weight of the leg and foot on the calf. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Heel
      capillary blood perfusion. MAIN RESULTS: Perfusion in the heel was significantly
      greater when elevated than when using the other devices tested. The differences
      in mean red blood cell flux were significant, with P < .0001 for bed-normals, ie,
      subjects with no peripheral vascular disease on an alpha Xcell mattress overlay
      as the control with flux increasing from 7.6 to 163.1 arbitrary units (AU); P <
      .005 bed-vasculopathy, ie, subjects with peripheral vascular disease on an alpha
      Xcell mattress overlay as the control with flux increasing from 31.6 to 224.7 AU;
      P < .0001 viscoelastic overlay subjects where the viscoelastic overlay was the
      control with flux increasing from 26.6 to 291.4 AU; and P < .01 lamb's wool
      subjects where the lamb's wool was the control with flux increasing from 27.7 AU
      to 169.2 AU. CONCLUSION: In this study, when the heels were elevated, tissue
      perfusion to that area was substantially increased. When the heel was transferred
      to the elevating splint, the heel capillary bed underwent reactive hyperemia,
      indicating the alleviation of tissue hypoxia. Elevation is therefore an important
      technique in pressure ulcer prevention and treatment and should be incorporated
      into health care practice.

PMID- 18156829
TI  - Measuring wound length, width, and area: which technique?
AB  - PURPOSE: To provide practitioners with evidence-based recommendations for
      measuring wound size. TARGET AUDIENCE: This continuing education activity is
      intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in wound care. OBJECTIVES:
      After reading this article and taking this test, the reader should be able to: 1.
      Describe different methods of measuring wound size and their advantages and
      disadvantages. 2. Discuss a research study conducted to determine the most
      accurate ruler technique for measuring wounds. 3. Identify evidence-based wound
      measurement data and recommendations for clinical practice.

PMID- 18156831
TI  - Supply and demand.
AB  - A national project focuses on using technology to reduce the demand for nurses.

PMID- 18156832
TI  - Nurses are missing from health care policy.

PMID- 18156833
TI  - New nurses' orientation.

PMID- 18156842
TI  - Unwanted treatment.

PMID- 18156849
TI  - No place like a medical home?

PMID- 18156850
TI  - Caring for patients on kidney dialysis in a disaster.

PMID- 18156851
TI  - Safeguarding seniors during hurricanes.

PMID- 18156852
TI  - Maintaining supplemental oxygen during transport.

PMID- 18156858
TI  - Recognition of dementia in hospitalized older adults.
AB  - Many hospital patients with dementia have no documented dementia diagnosis. In
      some cases, this is because they have never been diagnosed. Recognition of
      Dementia in Hospitalized Older Adults proposes several approaches that hospital
      nurses can use to increase recognition of dementia. This article describes the
      Try This approaches, how to implement them, and how to incorporate them into a
      hospital's current admission procedures. For a free online video demonstrating
      the use of these approaches, go to http://links.lww.com/A216.

PMID- 18156861
TI  - How to try this: Delirium superimposed on dementia.
AB  - Delirium is common in older adults who have dementia, but too often nurses
      confuse the symptoms of delirium with those of dementia and it goes unrecognized
      and untreated. Delirium can signal a serious underlying condition such as
      infection or dehydration and can increase the risk of falling and the length of
      hospitalization. This article presents an algorithm meant to guide nurses in the
      assessment and treatment of delirium superimposed on dementia. For a free online
      video demonstrating the use of this algorithm, go to http://links.lww.com/A211
      [corrected].

PMID- 18156863
TI  - Nurse staffing and patient, nurse, and financial outcomes.
AB  - Because there's no scientific evidence to support specific nurse-patient ratios,
      and in order to assess the impact of hospital nurse staffing levels on given
      patient, nurse, and financial outcomes, the author conducted a literature review.
      The evidence shows that adequate staffing and balanced workloads are central to
      achieving good outcomes, and the author offers recommendations for ensuring
      appropriate nurse staffing and for further research.

PMID- 18156870
TI  - Nurses at the CDC.

PMID- 18156872
TI  - Taking the lead in research into postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

PMID- 18156873
TI  - Liars, damn liars, and propensity scores.

PMID- 18156874
TI  - Radicular low back pain: what have we learned from recent animal research?

PMID- 18156876
TI  - Paradoxical effects of midazolam in the very young.

PMID- 18156878
TI  - Predictors of cognitive dysfunction after major noncardiac surgery.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The authors designed a prospective longitudinal study to investigate
      the hypothesis that advancing age is a risk factor for postoperative cognitive
      dysfunction (POCD) after major noncardiac surgery and the impact of POCD on
      mortality in the first year after surgery. METHODS: One thousand sixty-four
      patients aged 18 yr or older completed neuropsychological tests before surgery,
      at hospital discharge, and 3 months after surgery. Patients were categorized as
      young (18-39 yr), middle-aged (40-59 yr), or elderly (60 yr or older). At 1 yr
      after surgery, patients were contacted to determine their survival status.
      RESULTS: At hospital discharge, POCD was present in 117 (36.6%) young, 112
      (30.4%) middle-aged, and 138 (41.4%) elderly patients. There was a significant
      difference between all age groups and the age-matched control subjects (P <
      0.001). At 3 months after surgery, POCD was present in 16 (5.7%) young, 19 (5.6%)
      middle-aged, and 39 (12.7%) elderly patients. At this time point, the prevalence
      of cognitive dysfunction was similar between age-matched controls and young and
      middle-aged patients but significantly higher in elderly patients compared to
      elderly control subjects (P < 0.001). The independent risk factors for POCD at 3
      months after surgery were increasing age, lower educational level, a history of
      previous cerebral vascular accident with no residual impairment, and POCD at
      hospital discharge. Patients with POCD at hospital discharge were more likely to
      die in the first 3 months after surgery (P = 0.02). Likewise, patients who had
      POCD at both hospital discharge and 3 months after surgery were more likely to
      die in the first year after surgery (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive
      dysfunction is common in adult patients of all ages at hospital discharge after
      major noncardiac surgery, but only the elderly (aged 60 yr or older) are at
      significant risk for long-term cognitive problems. Patients with POCD are at an
      increased risk of death in the first year after surgery.

PMID- 18156877
TI  - Type and severity of cognitive decline in older adults after noncardiac surgery.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The authors investigated type and severity of cognitive decline in
      older adults immediately and 3 months after noncardiac surgery. Changes in
      instrumental activities of daily living were examined relative to type of
      cognitive decline. METHODS: Of the initial 417 older adults enrolled in the
      study, 337 surgery patients and 60 controls completed baseline, discharge, and/or
      3-month postoperative cognitive and instrumental activities of daily living
      measures. Reliable change methods were used to examine three types of cognitive
      decline: memory, executive function, and combined executive function/memory. SD
      cutoffs were used to grade severity of change as mild, moderate or severe.
      RESULTS: At discharge, 186 (56%) patients experienced cognitive decline, with an
      equal distribution in type and severity. At 3 months after surgery, 231 patients
      (75.1%) experienced no cognitive decline, 42 (13.6%) showed only memory decline,
      26 (8.4%) showed only executive function decline, and 9 (2.9%) showed decline in
      both executive and memory domains. Of those with cognitive decline, 36 (46.8%)
      had mild, 25 (32.5%) had moderate, and 16 (20.8%) had severe decline. The
      combined group had more severe impairment. Executive function or combined (memory
      and executive) deficits involved greater levels of functional (i.e., instrumental
      activities of daily living) impairment. The combined group was less educated than
      the unimpaired and memory groups. CONCLUSION: Postsurgical cognitive presentation
      varies with time of testing. At 3 months after surgery, more older adults
      experienced memory decline, but only those with executive or combined cognitive
      decline had functional limitations. The findings have relevance for patients and
      caregivers. Future research should examine how perioperative factors influence
      neuronal systems.

PMID- 18156879
TI  - Are blood transfusions associated with greater mortality rates? Results of the
      Sepsis Occurrence in Acutely Ill Patients study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested worse outcomes in transfused patients and
      improved outcomes in patients managed with restricted blood transfusion
      strategies. The authors investigated the relation of blood transfusion to
      mortality in European intensive care units (ICUs). METHODS: The Sepsis Occurrence
      in Acutely Ill Patients study was a multicenter, observational study that
      included all adult patients admitted to 198 European ICUs between May 1 and May
      15, 2002 and followed them until death, until hospital discharge, or for 60 days.
      Patients were classified depending on whether they had received a blood
      transfusion at any time during their ICU stay. RESULTS: Of 3,147 patients, 1,040
      (33.0%) received a blood transfusion. These patients were older (mean age, 62 vs.
      60 yr; P = 0.035) and were more likely to have liver cirrhosis or hematologic
      cancer, to be a surgical admission, and to have sepsis. They had a longer
      duration of ICU stay (5.9 vs. 2.5 days; P < 0.001) and a higher ICU mortality
      rate (23.0 vs. 16.3%; P < 0.001) but were also more severely ill on admission
      (Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, 40.2 vs. 34.7; P < 0.001; Sequential Organ
      Failure Assessment score, 6.5 vs. 4.5; P < 0.001). There was a direct relation
      between the number of blood transfusions and the mortality rate, but in
      multivariate analysis, blood transfusion was not significantly associated with a
      worse mortality rate. Moreover, in 821 pairs matched according to a propensity
      score, there was a higher 30-day survival rate in the transfusion group than in
      the other patients (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: This observational study does not
      support the view that blood transfusions are associated with increased mortality
      rates in acutely ill patients.

PMID- 18156880
TI  - On-demand rather than daily-routine chest radiography prescription may change
      neither the number nor the impact of chest computed tomography and ultrasound
      studies in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Elimination of daily-routine chest radiographs (CXRs) may influence
      chest computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound practice in critically ill
      patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study including all patients
      admitted to a university-affiliated intensive care unit during two consecutive
      periods of 5 months, one before and one after elimination of daily-routine CXR.
      Chest CT and ultrasound studies were identified retrospectively by using the
      radiology department information system. Indications for and the
      diagnostic/therapeutic yield of chest CT and ultrasound studies were collected.
      RESULTS: Elimination of daily-routine CXR resulted in a decrease of CXRs per
      patient day from 1.1 +/- 0.3 to 0.6 +/- 0.4 (P < 0.05). Elimination did not
      affect duration of stay or mortality rates. Neither the number of chest CT
      studies nor the ratio of chest CT studies per patient day changed with the
      intervention: Before elimination of daily-routine CXR, 52 chest CT studies were
      obtained from 747 patients; after elimination, 54 CT studies were obtained from
      743 patients. Similarly, chest ultrasound practice was not affected by the change
      of CXR strategy: Before and after elimination, 21 and 27 chest ultrasound studies
      were performed, respectively. Also, timing of chest CT and ultrasound studies was
      not different between the two study periods. During the two periods, 40 of 106
      chest CT studies (38%) and 18 of 48 chest ultrasound studies (38%) resulted in a
      change in therapy. The combined therapeutic yield of chest CT and ultrasound
      studies did not change with elimination of daily-routine CXR. CONCLUSIONS:
      Elimination of daily-routine CXRs may not affect chest CT and ultrasound practice
      in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit.

PMID- 18156881
TI  - Mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volumes and positive end-expiratory
      pressure prevents pulmonary inflammation in patients without preexisting lung
      injury.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Mechanical ventilation with high tidal volumes aggravates lung injury
      in patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome. The
      authors sought to determine the effects of short-term mechanical ventilation on
      local inflammatory responses in patients without preexisting lung injury.
      METHODS: Patients scheduled to undergo an elective surgical procedure (lasting >
      or = 5 h) were randomly assigned to mechanical ventilation with either higher
      tidal volumes of 12 ml/kg ideal body weight and no positive end-expiratory
      pressure (PEEP) or lower tidal volumes of 6 ml/kg and 10 cm H2O PEEP. After
      induction of anesthesia and 5 h thereafter, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and/or
      blood was investigated for polymorphonuclear cell influx, changes in levels of
      inflammatory markers, and nucleosomes. RESULTS: Mechanical ventilation with lower
      tidal volumes and PEEP (n = 21) attenuated the increase of pulmonary levels of
      interleukin (IL)-8, myeloperoxidase, and elastase as seen with higher tidal
      volumes and no PEEP (n = 19). Only for myeloperoxidase, a difference was found
      between the two ventilation strategies after 5 h of mechanical ventilation (P <
      0.01). Levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6,
      macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta
      in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were not affected by mechanical ventilation.
      Plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-8 increased with mechanical ventilation, but there
      were no differences between the two ventilation groups. CONCLUSION: The use of
      lower tidal volumes and PEEP may limit pulmonary inflammation in mechanically
      ventilated patients without preexisting lung injury. The specific contribution of
      both lower tidal volumes and PEEP on the protective effects of the lung should be
      further investigated.

PMID- 18156882
TI  - Echocardiographic Doppler estimation of pulmonary artery pressure in critically
      ill patients with severe hypoxemia.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In spontaneously breathing cardiac patients, pulmonary artery
      pressure (PAP) can be accurately estimated from the transthoracic Doppler study
      of pulmonary artery and tricuspid regurgitation blood flows. In critically ill
      patients on mechanical ventilation for acute lung injury, the interposition of
      gas between the probe and the heart renders the transthoracic approach
      problematic. This study was aimed at determining whether the transesophageal
      approach could offer an alternative. METHODS: Fifty-one consecutive sedated and
      ventilated patients with severe hypoxemia (arterial oxygen tension/fraction of
      inspired oxygen < 300) were prospectively studied. Mean PAP measured from the
      pulmonary artery catheter was compared with several indices characterizing
      pulmonary artery blood flow assessed using transesophageal echocardiography:
      preejection time, acceleration time, ejection duration, preejection time on
      ejection duration ratio, and acceleration time on ejection duration ratio. In a
      subgroup of 20 patients, systolic PAP measured from the pulmonary artery catheter
      immediately before withdrawal was compared with Doppler study of regurgitation
      tricuspid flow performed immediately after pulmonary artery catheter withdrawal
      using either the transthoracic or the transesophageal approach. RESULTS: Weak and
      clinically irrelevant correlations were found between mean PAP and indices of
      pulmonary artery flow. A statistically significant and clinically relevant
      correlation was found between systolic PAP and regurgitation tricuspid flow. In 3
      patients (14%), pulmonary artery pressure could not be assessed
      echocardiographically. CONCLUSIONS: In hypoxemic patients on mechanical
      ventilation, mean PAP cannot be reliably estimated from indices characterizing
      pulmonary artery blood flow. Systolic PAP can be estimated from regurgitation
      tricuspid flow using either transthoracic or transesophageal approach.

PMID- 18156883
TI  - Bispectral index, entropy, and quantitative electroencephalogram during single
      agent xenon anesthesia.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim was to evaluate the performance of anesthesia depth monitors,
      Bispectral Index (BIS) and Entropy, during single-agent xenon anesthesia in 17
      healthy subjects. METHODS: After mask induction with xenon and intubation,
      anesthesia was continued with xenon only. BIS, State Entropy and Response
      Entropy, and electroencephalogram were monitored throughout induction, steady
      state anesthesia, and emergence. The performance of BIS, State Entropy, and
      Response Entropy were evaluated with prediction probability, sensitivity, and
      specificity analyses. The power spectrum of the raw electroencephalogram signal
      was calculated. RESULTS: The mean (SD) xenon concentration during anesthesia was
      66.4% (2.4%). BIS, State Entropy, and Response Entropy demonstrated low
      prediction probability values at loss of response (0.455, 0.656, and 0.619) but 1
      min after that the values were high (0.804, 0.941, and 0.929). Thereafter,
      equally good performance was demonstrated for all indices. At emergence, the
      prediction probability values to distinguish between steady-state anesthesia and
      return of response for BIS, State Entropy, and Response Entropy were 0.988,
      0.892, and 0.992. No statistical differences between the performances of the
      monitors were observed. Quantitative electroencephalogram analyses showed
      generalized increase in total power (P < 0.001), delta (P < 0.001) and theta
      activity (P < 0.001), and increased alpha activity (P = 0.003) in the frontal
      brain regions. CONCLUSIONS: Electroencephalogram-derived depth of sedation
      indices BIS and Entropy showed a delay to detect loss of response during
      induction of xenon anesthesia. Both monitors performed well in distinguishing
      between conscious and unconscious states during steady-state anesthesia. Xenon
      induced changes in electroencephalogram closely resemble those induced by
      propofol.

PMID- 18156884
TI  - The effects of mild perioperative hypothermia on blood loss and transfusion
      requirement.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Anesthetic-induced hypothermia is known to reduce platelet function
      and impair enzymes of the coagulation cascade. The objective of this meta
      analysis and systematic review was to evaluate the hypothesis that mild
      perioperative hypothermia increases surgical blood loss and transfusion
      requirement. METHODS: The authors conducted a systematic search of published
      randomized trials that compared blood loss and/or transfusion requirements in
      normothermic and mildly hypothermic (34-36 degrees C) surgical patients. Results
      are expressed as a ratio of the means or relative risks and 95% confidence
      intervals (CI); P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS:
      Fourteen studies were included in analysis of blood loss, and 10 in the
      transfusion analysis. The median (quartiles) temperature difference between the
      normothermic and hypothermic patients among studies was 0.85 degrees C (0.60
      degrees C versus 1.1 degrees C). The ratio of geometric means of total blood loss
      in the normothermic and hypothermic patients was 0.84 (0.74 versus 0.96), P =
      0.009. Normothermia also reduced transfusion requirement, with an overall
      estimated relative risk of 0.78 (95% CI 0.63, 0.97), P = 0.027. CONCLUSION: Even
      mild hypothermia (<1 degree C) significantly increases blood loss by
      approximately 16% (4-26%) and increases the relative risk for transfusion by
      approximately 22% (3-37%). Maintaining perioperative normothermia reduces blood
      loss and transfusion requirement by clinically important amounts.

PMID- 18156885
TI  - Intrathecal magnesium sulfate administration at the time of experimental ischemia
      improves neurological functioning by reducing acute and delayed loss of motor
      neurons in the spinal cord.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In this study, the authors determined the effect of magnesium sulfate
      on intrathecal glutamate concentrations, hindlimb motor function, and
      histopathology after a transient episode of spinal cord ischemia. METHODS: Fifty
      two New Zealand White rabbits underwent spinal cord ischemia for 30 min. Fifteen
      minutes before ischemia, animals received intrathecal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)
      (3 mg/kg) or placebo (artificial cerebrospinal fluid). Intrathecal microdialysis
      samples were measured for glutamate using high-performance liquid chromatography.
      Neurologic function and spinal cord histopathology were assessed throughout the
      recovery period. RESULTS: Intrathecal glutamate levels in placebo-treated animals
      were higher after spinal cord ischemia compared with sham- and MgSO4-treated
      animals. MgSO4-treated animals had increased lower extremity motor function
      compared with the placebo group (64.7% vs 14.3%, P < 0.01). Histologic
      examination of placebo-treated animals revealed significant motor neuron cell
      loss at thoracolumbar levels by Day 7 (P < 0.05), whereas lower lumbar regions
      displayed significant neuron loss on Day 1. Spinal cords from MgSO4-treated
      animals exhibited less neuronal loss in lumbar regions. Similar effects were
      present in the thoracolumbar segments on Day 7. A significant correlation existed
      between diminished neuronal loss and hind leg movement (Tarlov score) and
      demonstrates that the neurologic outcome after MgSO4 treatment was related to
      lower lumbar ventral horn cell survival (r2 = 0.812, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:
      These results demonstrate that MgSO4 affords significant spinal cord motor neuron
      protection by diminishing acute neuronal loss at the foci of the ischemic injury
      (L3-L6) with delayed neuronal degeneration in adjacent spinal cord regions (T7
      L2).

PMID- 18156886
TI  - Persistent depression of contractility and vasodilation with propofol but not
      with sevoflurane or desflurane in rabbits.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Propofol, sevoflurane, and desflurane may cause hemodynamic
      compromise during anesthesia and critical care management. The aim of the study
      was to compare these anesthetics during increased dose and recovery to
      maintenance level. METHODS: Anesthetized, open-chest New Zealand White rabbits
      were used to acquire dose-response curves with sevoflurane, desflurane, and
      propofol, followed by reduction to baseline infusion. Simultaneous high-fidelity
      left ventricular pressure and volume data were acquired during caval occlusion
      with a dual-field conductance catheter inserted via an apical stab. The preload
      recruitable stroke work and the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship were
      used as the primary measures of contractility and diastolic function. RESULTS:
      The time-matched controls were stable over time. Propofol and desflurane but not
      sevoflurane caused dose-dependent reductions in myocardial contractility,
      although sevoflurane reduced contractility more at 1 minimal alveolar
      concentration. All anesthetics reduced mean arterial pressure, and significant
      recovery occurred for sevoflurane and desflurane but not for propofol. The end
      diastolic pressure-volume relationship was increased by sevoflurane. Ejection
      fraction decreased with sevoflurane only. All anesthetics caused dose-dependent
      vasodilation, with recovery for desflurane and sevoflurane but not propofol.
      Heart rate was decreased with propofol without significant recovery. Propofol
      plasma concentrations remained elevated after dose return to baseline infusion
      rate, suggestive of distribution compartment saturation. CONCLUSION: All three
      anesthetics caused dose-dependent decreases in cardiovascular function. Recovery
      of cardiovascular function occurred rapidly with sevoflurane and desflurane, but
      persistent depression of contractility, vasodilation, mean arterial pressure, and
      heart rate occurred with propofol during a 30-min recovery period.

PMID- 18156887
TI  - Dexmedetomidine reduces long-term potentiation in mouse hippocampus.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine (Precedex; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) is a
      selective alpha2-adrenergic agonist that also has affinity for imidazoline
      receptors. In clinical studies, dexmedetomidine has sedative effects and impairs
      memory, but the action of dexmedetomidine on synaptic plasticity in the brain has
      yet to be established. In the present study, the authors investigated the effects
      of dexmedetomidine on two forms of synaptic plasticity-long-term potentiation
      (LTP) and paired-pulse facilitation-in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampal
      slices. METHODS: The authors recorded Schaffer collateral-evoked field excitatory
      postsynaptic potentials from mouse hippocampal slices in CA1 stratum radiatum.
      The slope of the rising phase of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential was
      used to estimate the strength of synaptic transmission. RESULTS: Application of
      dexmedetomidine for 20 min before "theta burst" stimulation dose-dependently
      attenuated LTP, and half-inhibitory concentration of dexmedetomidine was 28.6 +/-
      5.7 nm. The inhibitory effect of dexmedetomidine on LTP was not abolished by an
      alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist (yohimbine), an imidazoline type 1 receptor and
      alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist (efaroxan), an alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist
      (prazosin), or a gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor antagonist (picrotoxin).
      However, an imidazoline type 2 receptor and alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist
      (idazoxan) completely blocked the dexmedetomidine-induced attenuation.
      Furthermore, 2-benzofuranyl-2-imidaloline, a selective imidazoline type 2
      receptor ligand, reduced LTP. 2-(4,5-dihydroimidaz-2-yl)-quinoline, another
      imidazoline type 2 receptor ligand, abolished the 2-benzofuranyl-2-imidaloline
      induced attenuation, but the inhibitory effect of dexmedetomidine on LTP was not
      abolished by 2-(4,5-dihydroimidaz-2-yl)-quinoline. Dexmedetomidine did not affect
      paired-pulse facilitation. CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine impairs LTP in area CA1 of
      the mouse hippocampus via imidazoline type 2 receptors and alpha2-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 18156889
TI  - A rat model of radicular pain induced by chronic compression of lumbar dorsal
      root ganglion with SURGIFLO.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Radicular pain is a common and debilitating clinical pain condition.
      To date, the mechanisms of radicular pain remain unclear, partly because of the
      lack of suitable preclinical models. The authors report a modified rat model of
      radicular pain that could mimic a subset of clinical radicular pain conditions
      induced by the soft tissue compression on dorsal root ganglion. METHODS: A rat
      model of radicular pain was produced by infiltrating the L5 intervertebral
      foramen with 60 microl of a hemostatic matrix (SURGIFLO; Johnson & Johnson,
      Somerville, NJ) resulting in chronic compression of lumbar dorsal root ganglion.
      Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were measured with or without
      epidural treatment with triamcinolone. Western blot was used to assess the
      expression of the NR1 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and inhibitory
      factor kappabeta-alpha, an inflammatory marker, within the affected L5 dorsal
      root ganglion and spinal cord dorsal horn. RESULTS: Chronic compression of lumbar
      dorsal root ganglion resulted in: (1) persistent mechanical allodynia and thermal
      hyperalgesia up to 4 or 5 postoperative weeks and (2) up-regulation of the N
      methyl-D-aspartate receptor and inhibitory factor kappabeta-alpha within the
      ipsilateral L5 dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord dorsal horn. Epidural
      administration of triamcinolone (6.25-100 microg) on postoperative day 3 dose
      dependently attenuated both thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in rats
      with chronic compression of lumbar dorsal root ganglion. CONCLUSION: The data
      suggest that this modified rat model of chronic compression of lumbar dorsal root
      ganglion may be a useful tool to explore the mechanisms as well as new
      therapeutic options of radicular pain.

PMID- 18156888
TI  - Photo-activated azi-etomidate, a general anesthetic photolabel, irreversibly
      enhances gating and desensitization of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The general anesthetic etomidate acts via gamma-aminobutyric acid
      type A (GABA(A)) receptors, enhancing activation at low GABA and prolonging
      deactivation. Azi-etomidate is a photo-reactive etomidate derivative with similar
      pharmacological actions, which has been used to identify putative binding sites.
      The authors examine the irreversible effects of azi-etomidate photo-modification
      on functional GABA(A) receptors in cell membranes. METHODS: GABA(A) receptors
      (alpha1beta2gamma2L) were expressed in both Xenopus oocytes and human embryonic
      kidney cells exposed to 365 nm light-activated azi-etomidate with or without
      GABA, then extensively washed. Receptor-mediated chloride currents were measured
      using voltage clamp electrophysiology to assess the ratio of peak responses at 10
      microm and 1 mm GABA (I10/I1000) and deactivation time course. RESULTS: After azi
      etomidate photo-modification, I10/I1000 ratios were persistently enhanced and
      deactivation was prolonged, mimicking reversible azi-etomidate actions. Azi
      etomidate and ultraviolet light were required to produce irreversible receptor
      modulation. Adding GABA during photo-modification greatly enhanced irreversible
      modulation. Azi-etomidate modification also dose-dependently reduced maximal GABA
      activated currents, consistent with accumulation of permanently desensitized
      receptors. Excess etomidate during azi-etomidate photo-modification competitively
      reduced permanent desensitization. Persistent channel modulation was blocked by
      320-fold excess etomidate but enhanced when 32-fold excess etomidate was present.
      CONCLUSIONS: Azi-etomidate efficiently photo-modifies etomidate sites on GABA(A)
      receptors in intact cells, producing persistent functional changes that mimic its
      reversible effects. The results demonstrate sequential modification at more than
      one etomidate site per receptor. The sites display reciprocal positive
      cooperativity. In combination with focal photo-activation, azi-etomidate may
      prove useful for studies of anesthetic actions in neural circuits.

PMID- 18156890
TI  - Midazolam potentiates nociceptive behavior, sensitizes cutaneous reflexes, and is
      devoid of sedative action in neonatal rats.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The significant postnatal maturation of gamma-aminobutyric acid
      signaling in the developing brain is likely to have important implications for
      infant pain processing. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor activation evokes
      analgesia and sedation in the adult, but the impact of immature gamma
      aminobutyric acid signaling on modulators of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A
      receptor, such as the benzodiazepines, is not known in infants. METHODS:
      Nociceptive processing was measured using behavioral and electrophysiological
      recordings of hind limb flexor withdrawal threshold and magnitude to mechanical
      and thermal stimulation of the hind paw. The effects of midazolam (0.1-10 mg/kg
      subcutaneously, 0.1 mg/kg intrathecally) or saline treatment were compared in
      rats aged 3, 10, 21, and 40 days (adult). The sedative action of midazolam was
      assessed at each age using righting reflex latencies. RESULTS: Midazolam dose
      dependently decreased mechanical reflex thresholds and increased mechanical and
      thermal reflex magnitudes in neonates. In older rat pups and adults, midazolam
      had the reverse effect, increasing thresholds and decreasing reflex magnitude.
      These differences were mediated supraspinally; intrathecal administration of
      midazolam did not affect flexion reflexes at any age. Midazolam had no sedative
      action in the youngest rats; sedation increased gradually through postnatal
      development. CONCLUSIONS: The results show a striking reversal in the effects of
      midazolam on nociception and sedation in rats between postnatal days 3 and 10.
      Midazolam fails to sedate young rats and sensitizes their flexor reflex activity.
      The sedative and desensitizing effects of midazolam are not observed until later
      in life after maturation in supraspinal centers. The results indicate a need to
      better understand the pharmacology of drugs used routinely in neonatal intensive
      care.

PMID- 18156891
TI  - Bacterial colonization of epidural catheters used for short-term postoperative
      analgesia: microbiological examination and risk factor analysis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The authors conducted this prospective study to determine the
      incidence, potential routes, and risk factors of microbial colonization of
      epidural catheter used for postoperative pain control. METHODS: Two-hundred five
      patients with epidural analgesia for postoperative pain were studied. On removal
      of the catheter, five samples were sent for culture: the infusate, a swab from
      inside the hub of the epidural catheter connector, a swab from the skin around
      the catheter insertion site, the subcutaneous segment, and the tip of the
      catheter. Clinical data related to the catheter insertion, management, and
      general patient conditions were collected. RESULTS: The positive culture rates
      for the subcutaneous and tip segments of the catheter were 10.5% and 12.2%,
      respectively. The most common organism in the culture was coagulase-negative
      staphylococcus. There was a strong linear relationship between bacterial
      colonization in the skin around the catheter insertion site and growth from the
      subcutaneous and tip segments of catheter (P = 0.000). Catheter-related events at
      ward, blood transfusion, and positive culture from the skin at the insertion site
      were risk factors for bacterial colonization of epidural catheters. Inflammation
      at catheter insertion site, catheter indwelling time, and level of catheter
      insertion were not predicators for epidural catheter colonization. CONCLUSIONS:
      The authors' results suggest that bacterial migration along the epidural catheter
      track is the most common route of epidural catheter colonization. Maintaining
      sterile skin around the catheter insertion site will reduce colonization of the
      epidural catheter tip.

PMID- 18156892
TI  - Equipment-related electrocardiographic artifacts: causes, characteristics,
      consequences, and correction.
AB  - Interference of the monitored or recorded electrocardiogram is common within
      operating room and intensive care unit environments. Artifactual signals, which
      corrupt the normal cardiac signal, may arise from internal or external sources.
      Electrical devices used in the clinical setting can induce artifacts by various
      different mechanisms. Newer diagnostic and therapeutic modalities may generate
      artifactual changes. These artifacts may be nonspecific or may resemble serious
      arrhythmia. Clinical signs, along with monitored waveforms from other
      simultaneously monitored parameters, may provide the clues to differentiate
      artifacts from true changes on the electrocardiogram. Simple measures, such as
      proper attention to basic principles of electrocardiographic measurement, can
      eliminate some artifacts. However, in persistent cases, expert help may be
      required to identify the precise source and minimize interference on the
      electrocardiogram. Technological advancements in processing the
      electrocardiographic signal may be useful to detect and eliminate artifacts.
      Ultimately, an improved understanding of the artifacts generated by equipment,
      and their identifying characteristics, is important to avoid misinterpretation,
      misdiagnosis, and iatrogenic complication.

PMID- 18156893
TI  - 2007 in review: a dozen steps forward in Anesthesiology.

PMID- 18156894
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia. 1962.

PMID- 18156895
TI  - Management of low tracheal rupture in patients requiring mechanical ventilation
      for acute respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 18156896
TI  - Unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation during neurosurgery: is the supine
      position always optimal?

PMID- 18156897
TI  - Variable effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on oxygenation in patients
      with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 18156900
TI  - John Quincy Adams Ward did not create the Ether Monument.

PMID- 18156902
TI  - The use of simulation education in competency assessment: more questions than
      answers.

PMID- 18156905
TI  - Hyperoxia-induced decrease in organ blood flow.

PMID- 18156907
TI  - Anesthesia-related maternal deaths: where is "regional anesthesia"?

PMID- 18156909
TI  - Surprises in plethysmography.

PMID- 18156910
TI  - Herniation of the laryngeal mask airway classic.

PMID- 18156911
TI  - A complication associated with the use of a drug injection catheter through a
      fiberscope.

PMID- 18156915
TI  - Accuracy of plain abdominal radiographs in the detection of retained surgical
      needles in the peritoneal cavity.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of plain abdominal radiographs in the
      detection of retained surgical needles of varying size in the peritoneal cavity.
      SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Accidental retention of surgical foreign bodies in the
      peritoneal cavity is estimated to occur once in every 1000 to 1500 abdominal
      operations and early prevention and identification of retained foreign bodies is
      increasingly important because of mounting public awareness. Most of the existing
      literature on the imaging detection of surgical foreign bodies has focused on
      retained sponges, even though retained needles may account for up to 50% of such
      objects and the true accuracy of plain abdominal radiographs in the detection of
      retained needles is not well established. METHODS: Eight plain radiographs were
      obtained of a 41 kg pig cadaver after placement of a total of 39 surgical needles
      of varying size (4-77 mm in length) in a randomized selection of the 9 segments
      of the peritoneal cavity. Five radiologists independently reviewed the
      radiographs and indicated the location of all suspected retained needles.
      Analyses were performed using the known site and size of placed needles as the
      standard of reference. RESULTS: In total for all readers, 195 needles were
      detectable in 360 abdominal segments. The overall mean accuracy, sensitivity, and
      specificity for plain radiographs in the detection of retained surgical needles
      were 74% (267 of 360), 69% (135 of 195), and 80% (132 of 165), respectively.
      Sensitivity for needles 25 mm or more in length was significantly (P < 0.0001)
      higher than that for needles of 11 to 24 mm or 10 mm or less, with respective
      values of 99% (69 of 70), 84% (46 of 55), and 29% (20 of 70). Readers
      demonstrated moderate interobserver agreement, with a multireader kappa value of
      0.60. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal radiographs have high sensitivity and interobserver
      agreement in the detection of retained surgical needles over 10 mm in length, but
      smaller needles are detected with significantly lower sensitivity and the utility
      of plain abdominal radiographs in this setting is more debatable.

PMID- 18156916
TI  - Managing the prevention of retained surgical instruments: what is the value of
      counting?
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Preventing retained foreign bodies is critical for patient safety.
      However, the value of counting surgical instruments and the reliability of the
      information provided have never been quantified. This study examines the
      diagnostic characteristics of counting and its impact on surgical costs. METHODS:
      We examined data from the Medical Event Reporting System-Total HealthSystem (MERS
      TH), administrative hospital, and the New York State Cardiac Surgery Report
      databases (2000-2004). The cost per count discrepancy was examined by studying a
      cohort of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Linear
      and logistic multivariable regression models were used for statistical analysis.
      RESULTS: Of 153,263 operations, there were 1062 count discrepancies. The rate of
      retained items was 1 of 7000 surgeries or 1 of 70 discrepancy cases. Final count
      discrepancies identified 77% and prevented 54% of retained items. The sensitivity
      of counting was 77.2%, specificity was 99.2%, but the positive predictive value
      was only 1.6%. Count discrepancies increased with surgery duration, late time
      procedures, and number of nursing teams. Bypass time, intravenous nitroglycerin
      injections, or myocardial infarction in the previous 24 hours were independent
      predictors of count discrepancies in CABG surgery. The incremental OR cost for
      CABG because of a count discrepancy was $932. Nationally, this would amount to an
      additional $24 million/yr in OR CABG cost. CONCLUSIONS: This study, for the first
      time, quantifies the diagnostic accuracy of counting and defines the parameters
      against which alternative strategies of prevention should be measured, before
      being adopted in standard practice.

PMID- 18156917
TI  - Beyond counting: current evidence on the problem of retaining foreign bodies in
      surgery?

PMID- 18156918
TI  - Survival and changes in comorbidities after bariatric surgery.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate survival rates and changes in weight-related comorbid
      conditions after bariatric surgery in a high-risk patient population as compared
      with a similar cohort of morbidly obese patients who did not undergo surgery.
      SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Morbid obesity is increasingly becoming a major public
      health issue. Existing studies are limited in their ability to assess the risks
      and benefits of bariatric surgery because few studies compare surgical patients
      to a similar, morbidly obese, nonsurgical cohort, especially in high-risk
      populations like the elderly and disabled. METHODS: A retrospective cohort
      analysis using Medicare fee-for-service patients from 2001 to 2004. Survival
      rates and diagnosed presence of 5 conditions commonly comorbid with morbid
      obesity were examined for morbidly obese patients who did and did not undergo
      bariatric surgery, with up to 2 years follow-up. RESULTS: Morbidly obese Medicare
      patients who underwent bariatric surgery had increased survival rates over the 2
      years of this study when compared with a similar morbidly obese nonsurgical group
      (P < 0.001). For patients under the age of 65, this survival advantage started at
      6 months postoperatively and for patients over age 65, at 11 months. The surgical
      group also experienced significant improvements in the diagnosed prevalence of 5
      weight-related comorbid conditions (diabetes, sleep apnea, hypertension,
      hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease) relative to the nonsurgical cohort
      after 1 year postsurgery (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery appears to
      increase survival even in the high-risk, Medicare population, both for
      individuals aged 65 and older and those disabled and under 65. In addition, the
      diagnosed prevalence of weight-related comorbid conditions declined after
      bariatric surgery relative to a control cohort of morbidly obese patients who did
      not undergo surgery.

PMID- 18156919
TI  - Lifting the unbearable weight of morbid obesity.

PMID- 18156920
TI  - Statins for surgical patients.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate perioperative statin treatment, to explore the rapidly
      increasing body of literature on the pleiotropic effects of statins, and to
      suggest a rational strategy of perioperative risk reduction. SUMMARY OF
      BACKGROUND DATA: Vascular, cerebrovascular, and cardiovascular complications are
      all too common in surgery. Although treatment with beta-blockers is a well
      established strategy for perioperative cardiac risk reduction, prophylaxis with
      statins enjoys a firm pathophysiologic basis. METHODS: A PubMed search for
      studies evaluating outcomes of statin treatment in surgical series was
      accomplished by evaluating all articles found with the keyword "surgery" and the
      MeSH term for statins "hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors." Studies
      where no outcome was relatable to statin treatment were excluded as were studies
      dealing primarily with transplant surgery. An overview of the medical literature
      on statin use and cardiac outcome was also performed. Basic science
      investigations elucidating the mechanisms and effects of statins that may reduce
      perioperative risk were included. RESULTS: The pharmacology and pleiotropic
      effects of statins are delineated. Multiple beneficial outcomes are elucidated
      and explored. Statins prescribed in the perioperative period appear beneficial
      though only one clinical trial is available from which to make clinical
      recommendations. CONCLUSION: Evidence supports a rebound effect. Statin treatment
      should be instituted and must not be discontinued in surgical patients. Current
      literature suggests that statins are protective in the preoperative period.

PMID- 18156921
TI  - Randomized trial of division versus nondivision of the short gastric vessels
      during laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication: 10-year outcomes.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is an effective procedure
      for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux, in some patients it is followed by
      troublesome side effects, such as dysphagia, abdominal bloating, and inability to
      belch. It has been claimed that dividing the short gastric blood vessels during
      laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication minimizes the risk of these problems. We have
      previously reported the 6-month and 5-year outcomes from a randomized trial,
      which have shown no advantages after division of these vessels. In this study, we
      determined the longer-term (10 years) outcomes from this trial. METHODS: From May
      1994 to October 1995, 102 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease who
      underwent a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication were entered into this randomized
      trial (vessels divided in 50, not divided in 52). At 10-year follow-up, 88
      patients provided clinical follow-up information. Follow-up was obtained by
      telephone interview conducted by an independent and blinded investigator who
      applied a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: At 10-year follow-up no
      significant differences between the 2 groups could be identified. Heartburn,
      dysphagia, and overall satisfaction were similar for both study groups.
      CONCLUSIONS: The 10-year clinical outcomes from this trial have shown no benefit
      for division of the short gastric vessels during laparoscopic Nissen
      fundoplication.

PMID- 18156922
TI  - Adjuvant intra-arterial iodine-131-labeled lipiodol for resectable hepatocellular
      carcinoma: a prospective randomized trial-update on 5-year and 10-year survival.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: In this prospective randomized trial, we attempted to find out if 1
      dose of postoperative adjuvant intra-arterial iodine-131-labeled lipiodol could
      reduce the rate of local recurrence, and increase disease-free and overall
      survival for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study evaluated
      the long-term outcome. BACKGROUND: Resection of HCC is potentially curative, but
      local recurrence is common. However, there is currently no effective adjuvant
      therapy. Early results after closing the trial (Lau et al. Lancet 1999;353:797
      801) showed that 1 dose of intra-arterial I-lipiodol given after curative
      resection significantly decreased the rate of recurrence, and increased disease
      free and overall survival. METHODS: Patients who underwent curative resection for
      HCC and recovered within 6 weeks were randomly assigned one 1850 MBq dose of I
      lipiodol or no further treatment (controls). We compared rates of recurrence, and
      long-term disease-free and overall survival (the primary endpoints) between the 2
      groups by intention-to-treat. RESULTS: Between April 1992 and August 1997, we
      recruited 43 patients: 21 were randomized to receive intra-arterial I-lipiodol
      and 22 to receive no adjuvant treatment. I-lipiodol had no significant toxic
      effects. During a median follow-up of 66 (range, 3-198) months, there were 10
      (47.6%) recurrences among the 21 patients in the adjuvant treatment group,
      compared with 14 (63.6%) in the control group (P = 0.29). The actuarial 5-year
      disease-free survival in the treatment and control groups was 61.9% and 31.8%,
      respectively (P = 0.0397). The actuarial 5-year overall survival in the treatment
      and control groups was 66.7% and 36.4%, respectively (P = 0.0433). The actuarial
      7-year disease-free survival in the treatment and control groups was 52.4% and
      31.8%, respectively (P = 0.0224). The actuarial 7-year overall survival in the
      treatment and control groups was 66.7% and 31.8%, respectively (P = 0.0243). The
      actuarial 10-year disease-free survival in the treatment and control groups was
      47.6% and 27.3%, respectively (P = 0.0892). The actuarial 10-year overall
      survival in the treatment and control groups was 52.4% and 27.3%, respectively (P
      = 0.0905). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with HCC, adjuvant intra-arterial I-lipiodol
      after curative liver resection provided survival benefit on the disease-free
      survival and overall survival, although the difference became statistically
      insignificant at 8 years after randomization.

PMID- 18156923
TI  - Preoperative portal vein embolization for major liver resection: a meta-analysis.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) is used clinically to
      prevent postoperative liver insufficiency. The current study examined the impact
      of portal vein embolization on liver resection. METHOD: A comprehensive Medline
      search to identify all registered literature in the English language on portal
      vein embolization. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the result of PVE and
      its impact on major liver resection. RESULT: A total of 75 publications met the
      search criteria but only 37 provided data sufficiently enough for analysis
      involving 1088 patients. The overall morbidity rate for PVE was 2.2% without
      mortality. Four weeks following PVE, 85% patients underwent the planned
      hepatectomy (n = 930). Twenty-three patients had transient liver failure
      following resection after PVE (2.5%) but 7 patients developed acute liver failure
      and died (0.8%). The reason for nonresection following PVE (n = 158, 15%)
      included inadequate hypertrophy of remnant liver (n = 18), severe progression of
      liver metastasis (n = 43), extrahepatic spread (n = 35), refusal to surgery (n =
      1), poor general condition (n = 1), altered treatment to transcatheter artery
      embolization or chemotherapy (n = 24), complete remission after treatment with 3
      cycles of fluoracil and interferon alpha in a patient with hepatocellular
      carcinoma (n = 1), incomplete pre- or postembolization scanning (n = 8). Of those
      who underwent laparotomy without resection, (n = 27) reasons included
      intraoperative finding of peritoneal dissemination (n = 15), portal node
      metastasis (n = 2), severe invasion of the tumor to the hepatic artery and portal
      vein (n = 1), and gross tumoral extension precluding curative resection (n = 9).
      Two techniques were used for portal vein embolization: percutaneous transhepatic
      portal embolization, (PTPE) and transileocolic portal embolization, (TIPE). The
      increase in remnant liver volume was much greater in PTPE than TIPE group (11.9%
      vs. 9.7%; P = 0.00001). However, the proportion of patients who underwent
      resection following PVE was 97% in TIPE and 88% PTPE, respectively (P =
      <0.00001). Although there was no significant difference in patients who had major
      complications post-PVE, the rate for minor complications was significantly higher
      among patients who had PTPE (53.6% vs. 0%, P = <0.0001). CONCLUSION: PVE is a
      safe and effective procedure in inducing liver hypertrophy to prevent
      postresection liver failure due to insufficient liver remnant.

PMID- 18156924
TI  - Laparoscopic versus open live donor nephrectomy in renal transplantation: a meta
      analysis.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic versus open live
      donor nephrectomy using meta-analytical techniques. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA:
      Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy has gained widespread acceptance and is
      increasingly performed. The body of evidence assessing the safety and efficacy of
      laparoscopic compared with established open techniques is growing; however, very
      few randomized control trials exist and individual studies often have small
      patient numbers with varying results. We combined the available raw data to
      strengthen the current literature in comparing these techniques. METHODS: A
      literature search was performed and comparative studies published between 1997
      and 2006 of open versus laparoscopic donor nephrectomy were included. Outcomes
      evaluated were operative and warm ischemia times, blood loss, donor
      complications, length of hospital stay, time to return to work, and delayed graft
      function. RESULTS: Seventy-three studies matched the selection criteria and
      included 6594 patients, 3751 (57%) had undergone laparoscopic surgery and 2843
      (43%) open nephrectomy. The open nephrectomy group had shorter operative and warm
      ischemia times by 52 minutes (P < 0.001) and 102 seconds (P < 0.001),
      respectively. This did not translate into higher delayed graft function or graft
      loss rates between the 2 groups. Patients in the laparoscopic group had a shorter
      hospital stay and a faster return to work by 1.58 days (P < 0.001) and 2.38 weeks
      (P < 0.001), respectively. There was a significantly higher rate of overall donor
      complications in the open group (P = 0.007), a finding not reproduced in any
      subsequent sensitivity analyses. When only randomized control trials were
      considered, there were shorter operative times (P = 0.002) for the open group but
      nonsignificantly different warm ischemia times. In contrast to the main analysis
      there were no differences in the overall complication rate, postoperative
      analgesia, hospital stay, or time taken to return to work. CONCLUSIONS:
      Laparoscopic nephrectomy in live donor transplantation is a safe alternative to
      the open technique. Although open nephrectomy may be associated with shorter
      operative and warm ischemia times, patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy
      may benefit from a shorter hospital stay and faster return to work without
      compromising graft function.

PMID- 18156925
TI  - Postoperative complications after esophagectomy for adenocarcinoma of the
      esophagus are related to timing of death due to recurrence.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Esophagectomy is frequently accompanied by substantial complications
      with secondary disturbance of the immune system. After esophagectomy for
      adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and/or gastroesophageal junction, the
      majority of patients develops an early recurrence and dies within 2 years. The
      aim of this study was to determine the relevance of perioperative complications
      on the timing of death due to recurrence. METHODS: A consecutive series of 351
      patients who underwent esophagectomy for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and
      gastroesophageal junction was reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 351 included patients,
      191 patients (54%) died due to recurrence of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Of these
      191 patients, 77 (40%), 138 (72%), and 186 patients (97%) died before 12, 24, and
      60 months, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that T
      stage, lymph node ratio >0.20, the presence of extracapsular lymph node
      involvement, but not complications were significant factors for the prediction of
      death due to cancer recurrence. However, in the patients who died, multivariate
      Cox regression analysis demonstrated that not only the presence of extracapsular
      lymph node involvement but also the occurrence of complications were
      significantly related with a shorter time interval until death due to recurrence.
      CONCLUSION: The relation between perioperative complications and cancer
      recurrence per se is not causal. However, postoperative complications are
      independently associated with the early timing of death due to cancer recurrence.
      A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that immunologic host factors
      enhance microscopic residual disease to develop more rapidly into clinically
      manifest recurrence.

PMID- 18156926
TI  - A national perspective on the decline of abdominoperineal resection for rectal
      cancer.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess rates of abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (APER) for
      rectal cancer between centers and over time, and to evaluate the influence of
      patient characteristics, including social deprivation, on APER rate. METHODS:
      Data on patients undergoing APER or anterior resection (AR) in England were
      extracted from a national administrative database for the years 1996 to 2004. The
      primary outcome was the proportion of patients presenting with rectal cancer
      undergoing APER. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to identify
      independent factors associated with a nonrestorative resection. RESULTS: Data on
      52,643 patients were analyzed, 13,109(24.9%) of whom underwent APER. The APER
      rate significantly reduced over the study period from 29.4% to 21.2% (P < 0.001).
      Operative mortality following AR decreased significantly during the period of
      study (5.1% to 4.2%, P = 0.002), while that following APER did not (P = 0.075).
      Male patients were more likely to undergo APER (P < 0.001), whereas those with an
      emergency presentation more commonly underwent AR (P < 0.001). Independent
      predictors of increased APER rate were male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.239, P <
      0.001) and social deprivation (most vs. least deprived; OR = 1.589, P < 0.001),
      whereas increasing patient age (OR = 0.977, P = 0.027 per 10-year increase), year
      of study (2003/4 vs. 1996/7; OR = 0.646, P < 0.001) and initial presentation as
      an emergency (OR = 0.713, P < 0.001) were associated with lower APER rates. After
      accounting for case-mix, there was significant between-center variability in APER
      rates. CONCLUSION: Socially deprived patients were more likely to undergo
      abdominoperineal resection. Significant improvements in rates of nonrestorative
      resection were seen over time but although short-term outcomes following AR have
      improved, those following APER have not. Permanent stoma rates following rectal
      cancer surgery may be considered a surrogate marker of surgical quality.

PMID- 18156927
TI  - Anti-beta1 integrin antibody reduces surgery-induced adhesion of colon carcinoma
      cells to traumatized peritoneal surfaces.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanisms behind surgery-induced augmentation of tumor
      outgrowth. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Surgery provides the best chance of cure for
      most primary intra-abdominal carcinomas. Effective treatment is however
      relatively frequent complicated by peritoneal recurrences, which often originate
      from free-floating intraperitoneal tumor cells that implant on peritoneal
      surfaces. We previously reported that surgical trauma promotes development of
      peritoneal metastases. METHODS: Evaluation of adhesion of CC531s rat colon
      carcinoma cell line intraperitoneally after laparotomy using in vivo, ex vivo,
      and in vitro models. Also, human ex vivo models were used to study peritoneal
      tumor cell adhesion. RESULTS: Peritoneal imprints of operated rats showed that
      direct damaging of the peritoneum resulted in enhanced adhesion of rat CC531
      colon carcinoma cells to submesothelial extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in
      vivo, which was confirmed by electron microscopy. Additionally, the inflammatory
      reaction of the peritoneal cavity led to retraction of mesothelial cells, hereby
      also exposing ECM at peritoneal surfaces that had not been traumatized directly.
      Furthermore, we demonstrated that beta1 integrin subunits represented the primary
      mediators involved in adherence to either isolated ECM components or excised
      traumatized rat and human peritoneum. Importantly, incubation of CC531s cells
      with anti-beta1 integrin antibodies resulted in a significant decrease of tumor
      cell adhesion in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical trauma results in exposure of ECM at
      directly and nondirectly damaged peritoneal surfaces, leading to increased beta1
      integrin-dependent tumor cell adhesion. Perioperative therapies, which aim to
      block beta1 integrin subunits, might therefore serve as new clinical tools for
      the prevention of peritoneal recurrences.

PMID- 18156928
TI  - Long-chain saturated fatty acids consumption and risk of gallstone disease among
      men.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Various saturated fatty acids have different effects on blood lipids
      and insulin secretion in experiments. The effect of long-term consumption of
      specific and different classes of saturated fatty acids on the risk of gallstone
      disease in humans is unknown. METHODS: We prospectively studied consumption of
      saturated fatty acids and risk of gallstone disease in a cohort of 44,524 US men
      from 1986 to 2002. Intake of saturated fatty acids was assessed using a validated
      semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Newly diagnosed gallstone disease
      was ascertained biennially. RESULTS: During 584,679 person-years of follow-up, we
      documented 2350 incident cases of gallstone disease, of which 1387 cases required
      cholecystectomy. Compared with men in the lowest quintile of dietary intake of
      long-chain saturated fats, after adjustment for age and other potential risk
      factors, the relative risk of gallstone disease for men in the highest quintile
      was 1.24 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02, 1.50, P for trend = 0.03], and the
      relative risk of cholecystectomy for men in the highest quintile was 1.41 (CI,
      1.09, 1.82, P for trend = 0.008). Consumption of medium-chain saturated fatty
      acids or short-chain saturated fatty acids was unrelated to the risk.
      CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a higher consumption of long-chain
      saturated fatty acids may enhance the risk of gallstone disease in men.

PMID- 18156929
TI  - Benefits of reoperation of T2 and more advanced incidental gallbladder carcinoma:
      analysis of the German registry.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine which T stages of incidental
      gallbladder carcinoma (IGBC) actually benefit from an early reresection (ERR).
      BACKGROUND: The IGBC is a carcinoma first detected by the pathologist. The
      indication for the cholecystectomy was a benign disease. The indication for an
      ERR is debated in the literature, and different recommendations are often drawn
      based on data collected from only small groups. METHODS: A register was founded
      in 1997 to prospectively record all IGBCs in Germany. All the patients who had a
      reresection in this study were treated according to the German Guidelines of
      Surgery and Oncology. This study analyzes 439 cases of IGBC. RESULTS: There was a
      significant benefit for the 85 of 200 T2 patients who did have an ERR. There was
      no benefit though for the 32 of 85 T3 patients who did have an ERR. There is a
      significantly better survival rate for T2 patients with negative lymph nodes, and
      there is a trend for better survival for T3 patients with negative lymph nodes.
      CONCLUSION: An ERR should be highly recommended for patients with IGBC in the T2
      stage, because it improves their survival positive. Without an ERR, it is almost
      impossible to definitively determine the nodal status or to obtain exact staging
      for estimating the prognosis.

PMID- 18156930
TI  - Increased use of parenchymal-sparing surgery for bilateral liver metastases from
      colorectal cancer is associated with improved mortality without change in
      oncologic outcome: trends in treatment over time in 440 patients.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the results of liver resection
      for patients with bilateral hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. We aimed
      to assess the evolution of the technical approach over time and correlations with
      morbidity, mortality, and oncologic outcome. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although
      hepatic resection for isolated colorectal metastases to the liver is thought to
      be beneficial when feasible, resection of bilateral liver metastases carries
      unique technical issues and is often associated with more aggressive tumor
      biology. Little has been written specifically about the results achieved in this
      subset of patients. METHODS: Data from a prospectively maintained database of
      patients undergoing hepatic resection at a single institution over an 11-year
      time period were reviewed. RESULTS: Resection of bilateral liver metastases from
      colorectal cancer was accomplished in 443 cases (440 patients) with a 29%
      incidence of major complications and a 5.4% 90-day mortality. Kaplan-Meier
      estimated 5-year disease-specific survival was 30% and 5-year recurrence-free
      survival was 18%. Operative technique changed over time toward a parenchymal
      sparing approach as evidenced by the greater use of multiple simultaneous liver
      resections, wedge resections, and ablations. Similarly, there was a decrease in
      the use of major hepatectomies. This correlated with decreased mortality without
      change in disease-specific survival or liver recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Resection
      of bilateral colorectal liver metastases can be accomplished with acceptable
      morbidity, mortality, and oncologic results. Increased use of a parenchymal
      sparing approach is associated with decreased mortality without compromise in
      cancer-related outcome.

PMID- 18156931
TI  - Sinusoidal injury increases morbidity after major hepatectomy in patients with
      colorectal liver metastases receiving preoperative chemotherapy.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether sinusoidal injury (SI) was associated with a
      worse outcome after hepatectomy in patients with colorectal liver metastases
      (CRLM). BACKGROUND: Correlation between SI and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy
      (OBC) was recently shown in patients with CRLM. However, it has yet to be fully
      clarified whether SI affects liver functional reserve and outcome after
      hepatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2003 and 2005, 90 patients with CRLM
      who underwent an elective hepatectomy after preoperative chemotherapies were
      included. Diagnosis of SI was established pathologically in the nontumoral liver
      parenchyma of the resected specimens, and perioperative data were assessed in
      these patients. RESULTS: OBC was significantly associated with a higher incidence
      of SI. Preoperative indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICG-R15) and
      postoperative value of total-bilirubin were significantly higher, and hospital
      stay was significantly longer in patients presenting with SI. Multivariate
      analysis showed that female gender, administration of 6 cycles or more of OBC,
      abnormal value of preoperative aspartate aminotransferase >36 IU/L, or abnormal
      value of preoperative ICG-R15 (>10%) were preoperative factors significantly
      associated with SI. Among patients undergoing a major hepatectomy, SI was
      significantly associated with higher morbidity and longer hospital stay.
      CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that SI resulted in a poorer liver
      functional reserve and in a higher complication rate after major hepatectomy.
      Therefore, female patients who received 6 cycles or more of OBC, or presenting
      with abnormal preoperative aspartate aminotransferase and ICG-R15 values should
      be carefully selected before deciding to undertake a major hepatectomy.

PMID- 18156932
TI  - Evaluation of long-term survival after hepatic resection for metastatic
      colorectal cancer: a multifactorial model of 929 patients.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with cancer-specific survival and
      develop a predictive model for patients undergoing primary hepatic resection for
      metastatic colorectal cancer. BACKGROUND: No published studies investigated
      collectively the inter-relation of factors related to patient cancer-specific
      survival after hepatectomy for metastatic colorectal cancer. METHODS: Clinical,
      pathologic, and complete follow-up data were prospectively collected from 929
      consecutive patients undergoing primary (n = 925) or repeat hepatic resection (n
      = 80) for colorectal liver metastases at a tertiary referral center from 1987 to
      2005. Parametric survival analysis was used to identify predictors of cancer
      specific survival and develop a predictive model. The model was validated using
      measures of discrimination and calibration. RESULTS: Postoperative mortality and
      morbidity were 1.5% and 25.9%, respectively. 5-year and 10-year cancer-specific
      survival were 36% and 23%. On multivariate analysis, 7 risk factors were found to
      be independent predictors of poor survival: number of hepatic metastases >3, node
      positive primary, poorly differentiated primary, extrahepatic disease, tumor
      diameter > or =5 cm, carcinoembryonic antigen level >60 ng/mL, and positive
      resection margin. The first 6 of these criteria were used in a preoperative
      scoring system and the last 6 in the postoperative setting. Patients with the
      worst postoperative prognostic criteria had an expected median cancer-specific
      survival of 0.7 years and a 5-year cancer-specific survival of 2%. Conversely,
      patients with the best prognostic postoperative criteria had an expected median
      cancer-specific survival of 7.4 years and a 5-year cancer-specific survival of
      64%. When tested both predictive models fitted the data well with no significant
      differences between observed and predicted outcomes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION:
      Resection of liver metastases provides good long-term cancer-specific survival
      benefit, which can be quantified pre- or postoperatively using the criteria
      described. The "Basingstoke Predictive Index" may be used for risk-stratifying
      patients who may benefit from intensive surveillance and selection for adjuvant
      therapy and trials.

PMID- 18156933
TI  - Comparative evaluation of an extensive histopathologic examination and a real
      time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for mammaglobin and
      cytokeratin 19 on axillary sentinel lymph nodes of breast carcinoma patients.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of a commercially available real-time reverse
      transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for mammaglobin and cytokeratin 19
      mRNAs [GeneSearch Breast Lymph Node (BLN) Assay, Veridex LLC, Warren, NJ] in the
      detection of axillary sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) metastases in patients with
      breast carcinoma. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Because of the lack of standardized
      and widely accepted protocols for a truly accurate histopathologic examination of
      SLN, the relative merits of alternative assays based on the identification of
      tumor specific mRNA markers deserve further assessment. METHODS: : A prospective
      series of 293 consecutive SLNs from 293 patients was evaluated. The BLN assay
      results were compared with those of an extensive histopathologic examination of
      the entire SLNs performed on serial frozen sections cut at 40 to 50 microm
      intervals. RESULTS: The BLN assay correctly identified 51 of 52 macrometastatic
      and 5 of 20 micrometastatic SLNs, with a sensitivity of 98.1% to detect
      metastases larger than 2 mm, 94.7% for metastases larger than 1 mm, and 77.8% for
      metastases larger than 0.2 mm. The overall concordance with histopathology was
      90.8%, with specificity of 95.0%, positive predictive value of 83.6%, and
      negative predictive value of 92.9%. When the results were evaluated according to
      the occurrence of additional metastases to non-SLN in patients with
      histologically positive SLNs, the assay was positive in 33 (91.7%) of the 36
      patients with additional metastases and in 22 (66.6%) of the 33 patients without
      further echelon involvement. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of the reverse
      transcription -polymerase chain reaction assay is comparable to that of the
      histopathologic examination of the entire SLN by serial sectioning at 1.5 to 2
      mm.

PMID- 18156934
TI  - Does the benefit of sentinel node frozen section vary between patients with
      invasive duct, invasive lobular, and favorable histologic subtypes of breast
      cancer?
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although many questions regarding sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in
      breast cancer have been answered by observational studies and, increasingly, by
      prospective trials, the role of intraoperative SLN assessment remains a matter of
      debate. Here we report in detail the results of intraoperative SLN assessment by
      frozen section (FS), with particular attention to variations in sensitivity and
      yield by histologic subtype, by tumor size, and by other clinicopathologic
      parameters. METHODS: Five thousand two hundred ninety-eight consecutive patients
      with clinical stage T1-3N0 invasive breast carcinoma had SLN biopsy with
      intraoperative FS at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between 1996 and
      2004. We report the results of FS by sensitivity (the proportion of all positive
      SLN detected by FS) and by yield (the proportion of all FS procedures in which
      the FS was positive). RESULTS: The sensitivity of FS was 61% overall, was higher
      for invasive duct (ID) than for invasive lobular (IL) cancers (62% vs. 52%; P =
      0.006), and was marginally lower for favorable subtypes (46%; P = 0.26). The
      yield of FS was 21% overall, with no difference between ID and IL cancers (22%
      vs. 21%; P = 0.49), and with a substantially lower yield for favorable subtypes
      (3%; P < 0.001). The yield of FS increased with tumor size for ID and IL cancers
      (P < 0.001), but not for favorable subtypes. For both ID and IL cancers, the
      sensitivity and yield of FS were significantly higher with younger patient age,
      increasing tumor size, and lymphovascular invasion. The yield of FS was <10% for
      all patients with ID or IL tumors < or =1 cm in size who were older than 60 years
      of age. Among all FS-positive patients, only 45% were identified by the first FS,
      whereas 91% were cumulatively identified by the first, second, or third FS.
      CONCLUSIONS: For patients with ID and IL cancers, the overall sensitivity of FS
      is >50%, but the yield of FS is <10% for individuals > or =60 years of age with
      T1a/b tumors. Intraoperative FS may not be worthwhile for this low-yield subset,
      especially for patients with invasive breast cancer of favorable type.

PMID- 18156935
TI  - Axillary recurrence rate after negative sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer:
      three-year follow-up of the Swedish Multicenter Cohort Study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an established staging method in early
      breast cancer. After a negative biopsy, most institutions will not perform a
      completion axillary dissection. The present study reports the current axillary
      recurrence (AR) rate, overall and disease-free survival in the Swedish
      Multicenter Cohort Study. METHODS: From 3534 patients with primary breast cancer
      < or =3 cm prospectively enrolled in the Swedish multicenter cohort study, 2246
      with a negative sentinel node biopsy and no further axillary surgery were
      selected. Follow-up consisted of annual clinical examination and mammography.
      Twenty-six hospitals and 131 surgeons contributed to patient accrual. RESULTS:
      After a median follow-up time of 37 months (0-75), the axilla was the sole
      initial site of recurrence in 13 patients (13 of 2246, 0.6%). In another 7
      patients, axillary relapse occurred after or concurrently with a local recurrence
      in the breast, and in a further 7 cases, it coincided with distant or extra
      axillary lymphatic metastases. Thus, a total of 27 ARs were identified (27 of
      2246, 1.2%). The overall 5-year survival was 91.6% and disease-free survival
      92.1%. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report from a national multicenter study
      that covers, not only highly specialized institutions but also small community
      hospitals with just a few procedures per year. Despite this heterogeneous
      background, the results lie well within the range of AR rates published
      internationally (0%-3.6%). The sentinel node biopsy procedure seems to be safe in
      a multicenter setting. Nevertheless, long-term follow-up data should be awaited
      before firm conclusions are drawn.

PMID- 18156936
TI  - Loss of heterozygosity of 17p13, with possible involvement of ACADVL and ALOX15B,
      in the pathogenesis of adrenocortical tumors.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the minimal common region of loss on 17p13 in a cohort of
      adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) (defined by a Weiss score > or =3) and
      adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs) (defined by a Weiss score <3) and subsequently to
      assess 3 genes in this region that could be involved in adrenocortical
      tumorigenesis. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 17p13 has
      been demonstrated to occur more frequently in ACCs compared with ACAs. METHODS:
      Using 12 microsatellite markers across 17p13, LOH analysis was performed on 37
      paired blood and adrenocortical tumor samples (23 ACC and 14 ACA samples) to
      determine the minimal common region of loss for ACCs and ACAs. From this minimal
      region of loss, 3 genes were selected for quantitative real time reverse
      transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis on 20 ACCs and 30 ACAs. RESULTS:
      LOH at 17p13 was found in 74% of ACCs compared with 14% of ACAs. There was a 10.4
      Mb common minimal region of loss in ACCs whereas no minimal region of loss in
      ACAs could be demonstrated. Expression of Acyl coenzyme-A dehydrogenase very long
      chain (ACADVL) and Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase second type (ALOX15B) was
      significantly down-regulated in ACCs compared with ACAs whereas there was no
      difference in expression of Potassium channel tetramerization domain containing
      11 (KCTD11) in ACCs and ACAs. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated a minimal common
      region of loss of 10.4-Mb on 17p13 in ACCs and within this region, we found that
      ACADVL and ALOX15B expression are good discriminators between ACCs and ACAs.

PMID- 18156937
TI  - Improved contemporary surgical management of insulinomas: a 25-year experience at
      the Massachusetts General Hospital.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine changes in the management strategy of patients with
      insulinomas and identify critical factors in patient outcome. BACKGROUND:
      Pancreatic insulinomas are rare neoplasms that are present in various ways. The
      optimal approach to localization, operative management, and follow-up of
      insulinomas is undetermined. METHODS: Sixty-one patients with a diagnosis of
      insulinoma requiring surgery at a tertiary care center between 1983 and 2007 were
      reviewed. Demographic details, mode of presentation, preoperative localization,
      operative procedures, and pathology data were assessed. The effect of different
      factors on survival was determined. RESULTS: Seven of 61 (11%) patients had a
      diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1 (MEN-1). Multiple insulinomas
      were noted in 8% of cases and were more common in MEN-1 patients. The overall
      rate of malignancy was 8%. Confusion (67%), visual disturbances (42%), and
      diaphoresis (30%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Weight gain was noted
      in 44% of patients. The median duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 18 (1
      240) months. The sensitivity of preoperative imaging of tumors before 1994 was
      75%, compared with 98% after this period, which included use of endoscopic
      ultrasound scanning (P = 0.012). A combination of palpation and intraoperative
      ultrasound detected 92% of tumors. Distal pancreatectomy (40%), enucleation
      (34%), and pancreaticoduodenectomy (16%) were the most common procedures and
      pancreatic fistula occurred in 18% of patients. Three patients underwent
      noncurative distal pancreatectomy in the early period. The 10-year disease
      specific and disease-free survival was 100% and 90% respectively. There were 5
      patients with disease recurrence. Lymph node metastases (P < 0.001),
      lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001), and the presence of MEN-1 (P = 0.035) were
      prognostically significant adverse factors in disease-free survival.
      Lymphovascular invasion was the only significant factor on multivariate analysis
      (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Pancreatic insulinomas can be readily localized
      preoperatively with modern imaging to avoid unsuccessful blind pancreatic
      resection. Surgical resection is associated with low morbidity and mortality and
      achieves long-term disease-free survival in the absence of lymphovascular
      invasion.

PMID- 18156938
TI  - The rupture rate of large abdominal aortic aneurysms: is this modified by
      anatomical suitability for endovascular repair?
AB  - BACKGROUND: There are no precise estimates of the rate of rupture of large
      abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). There is recent suspicion that anatomic
      suitability for endovascular repair may be associated with a decreased risk of
      AAA rupture. METHODS: Systematic literature review of rupture rates of AAA with
      initial diameter > or =5 cm in patients not considered for open repair, with
      stratification by size (<6.0 cm and 6.0+ cm), and gender, combined using random
      effects meta-analysis. Proportional hazards regression to analyze factors
      (including gender, diabetes, initial AAA diameter, aneurysm neck, and sac
      lengths) associated with rupture in patients anatomically suitable for
      endovascular repair (EVAR 2 trial). RESULTS: Previous studies (2 prospective, 2
      retrospective, and 1 mixed) were identified for meta-analysis and patients with
      elective repair excluded. The pooled rupture rates was 18.2 [95% confidence
      interval (CI) 13.7-24.1] per 100 person-years. There was a 2.5-fold increase in
      rupture rates for patients with AAA of 6.0+ cm versus <6.0 cm, rupture rates =
      2.54 (95% CI 1.69-3.85). The pooled rupture rates was nonsignificantly higher in
      women than men, rupture rates = 1.21 (95% CI 0.77-1.90). For EVAR 2 patients with
      6+ cm aneurysms the rupture rates was 17.4 [95% CI 12.9-23.4] per 100 person
      years significantly lower than the pooled rate from the meta-analysis, rupture
      rates = 27.0 [95% CI 21.1-34.7] per 100 person-years, P = 0.026. Patients with
      shorter neck lengths appeared to have a higher rupture rates than those with
      longer necks, but this was of borderline significance P = 0.10. CONCLUSIONS:
      Rupture rates of large AAAs reported in different studies are highly variable.
      There is emerging evidence that patients anatomically suitable for endovascular
      repair have lower rupture rates.

PMID- 18156939
TI  - Blockade of thrombospondin-1-CD47 interactions prevents necrosis of full
      thickness skin grafts.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Skin graft survival and healing requires rapid restoration of blood
      flow to the avascular graft. Failure or delay in the process of graft
      vascularization is a significant source of morbidity and mortality. One of the
      primary regulators of blood flow and vessel growth is nitric oxide (NO). The
      secreted protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) limits NO-stimulated blood flow and
      growth and composite tissue survival to ischemia. We herein demonstrate a role
      for TSP1 in regulating full thickness skin graft (FTSG) survival. METHODS AND
      RESULTS: FTSG consistently fail in wild type C57BL/6 mice but survive in mice
      lacking TSP1 or its receptor CD47. Ablation of the TSP1 receptor CD36, however,
      did not improve FTSG survival. Remarkably, wild type FTSG survived on TSP1 null
      or CD47 null mice, indicating that TSP1 expression in the wound bed is the
      primary determinant of graft survival. FTSG survival in wild type mice could be
      moderately improved by increasing NO flux, but graft survival was increased
      significantly through antibody blocking of TSP1 binding to CD47 or antisense
      morpholino oligonucleotide suppression of CD47. CONCLUSIONS: TSP1 through CD47
      limits skin graft survival. Blocking TSP1 binding or suppressing CD47 expression
      drastically increases graft survival. The therapeutic applications of this
      approach could include burn patients and the broader group of people requiring
      grafts or tissue flaps for closure and reconstruction of complex wounds of
      diverse etiologies.

PMID- 18156940
TI  - Forgotten pioneers of pancreatic surgery: beyond the favorite few.

PMID- 18156941
TI  - Bisphosphonates may increase peritoneal fibrinolytic activity by inhibiting the
      mevalonate pathway.

PMID- 18156942
TI  - The optimal format of professional quality, high definition, digital video
      capture of open/laparoscopic surgery.

PMID- 18156944
TI  - Weight gain after short- and long-limb gastric bypass in patients followed for
      longer than 10 years.

PMID- 18156946
TI  - Critical importance of controlling energy status to understand the effects of
      "exercise" on metabolism.

PMID- 18156947
TI  - Exercise and insulin resistance in youth.
AB  - In parallel with the pediatric obesity epidemic, the incidence of impaired
      glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes has increased among youth. Insulin
      resistance is thought to be central to the pathophysiology of these obesity
      related disorders. A growing body of literature suggests that exercise may
      ameliorate insulin resistance and thus potentially reduce the long-term diabetes
      risk in overweight youth.

PMID- 18156948
TI  - Autonomic regulation of the association between exercise and diabetes.
AB  - The inverse association between physical activity and diabetes is attributable to
      a number of biologically plausible mechanisms. We hypothesize that physical
      activity-induced improvements in autonomic function are one mechanism by which
      higher levels of activity are inversely associated with diabetes development.
      Evidence in support of our hypothesis is derived from a combination of
      observational studies and clinical trials.

PMID- 18156949
TI  - Sarcopenia: the role of apoptosis and modulation by caloric restriction.
AB  - The mechanisms of sarcopenia have been slowly unraveled and likely involve
      activation of apoptosis. It is hypothesized that caloric restriction may, in
      part, attenuate sarcopenia by affecting apoptotic signaling. The signaling
      pathways responsible for the execution of apoptosis in aging muscle and the
      modulation of these pathways by caloric restriction are discussed.

PMID- 18156950
TI  - Rapid vascular responses to muscle contraction.
AB  - Continuous measurements reveal that muscle blood flow increases within the first
      second after contraction. The increase in blood flow is attributable to rapid
      vasodilation as confirmed by direct observations of arterioles within contracting
      muscles. New evidence suggests that mechanical deformation of the vascular wall
      during contraction may be a causative factor.

PMID- 18156951
TI  - Osteoarthritis: what we have been missing in the patellofemoral joint.
AB  - Patellofemoral osteoarthritis is common clinically and often independent of
      tibiofemoral disease. Intriguingly, the patella demonstrates more severe
      degeneration earlier in the disease process compared with the juxtaposed femoral
      groove. Here, we consider three hypotheses influencing this disparity and thus
      discover crucial insights into the etiology of osteoarthritis.

PMID- 18156952
TI  - Beneficial role of exercise on scuba diving.
AB  - Exercising before, during, or after diving is proscribed because of the
      assumption that it would increase incidence of decompression sickness. Our
      findings show that exercise performed in a timely fashion before diving or during
      decompression will reduce the number of venous gas bubbles formed. Exercise after
      diving did not increase the number of bubbles. Nitric oxide seems to play a
      protective role.

PMID- 18156953
TI  - Can exercise treat eating disorders?
AB  - Exercise is not a standard intervention for patients with eating disorders. In
      this article, six studies are reviewed that examined exercise interventions in
      populations with eating disorders. The key conclusion is that exercise may
      improve a range of biopsychosocial outcomes in patients with eating disorders,
      but more research is needed.

PMID- 18156954
TI  - Reflections on the year.

PMID- 18156955
TI  - Bowel preparation effectiveness: inpatients and outpatients.
AB  - This study describes colon visibility and case cancelations of patients taking
      self-administered outpatient colonoscopy preparation or inpatient preparation at
      a large north central Texas hospital. The convenience sample of 120 adult
      patients who were scheduled for a colonoscopy ranged in age from 25 to 88 years.
      A 33-item investigator-developed questionnaire was used to record patient
      demographics, type of bowel preparation, signs and symptoms, and colon
      visualization score obtained during the procedure. On the basis of the
      visualization scores, there was no significant difference between the outpatient
      self-administered bowel preparation and the inpatient preparation administered in
      the hospital setting. There were clinical findings indicating that specific
      preparation solutions had a slightly higher incidence of nausea or vomiting.
      Additionally, an opportunity for documentation improvement was identified and
      reported to the nursing documentation committee for further investigation.

PMID- 18156956
TI  - How reflective practice improves nurses' critical thinking ability.
AB  - Purposeful reflection is consistent with adult learning theory. It is known to
      lead to a deeper understanding of issues and to develop judgment and skill.
      Required by law to ensure members' competence in their professional practice, the
      College of Nurses of Ontario recommends and has developed a tool for evaluating
      reflective practice. The tool focuses on key attributes said to be demonstrated
      by competent practitioners, including critical thinking (CT) and job knowledge.
      This study aimed to determine whether nurses engage in reflective practice and
      whether they perceive that it enhances their CT ability. Surveys were sent to 60
      gastroenterology nurses at a large teaching hospital; 34 surveys were anonymously
      returned. All respondents engaged in reflective practice, and 24 reported using
      the college's tool. Nineteen respondents strongly agreed that their nursing
      practice had improved as a result. Critical thinking is difficult to assess
      because of a lack of clear-cut performance criteria. Improvement of CT was
      difficult to evaluate from the responses, even though all respondents
      participated in reflective practice. Both CT and reflective practice need to be
      better defined in order to examine and explain their relationship.

PMID- 18156957
TI  - The use of carbon dioxide monitoring to determine orogastric tube placement in
      premature infants: a pilot study.
AB  - Enteral nutrition, frequently given through gastric tubes inserted through the
      nose or mouth, is an important part of supportive care for children unable to
      maintain adequate nutrition orally. To provide safe enteral nutrition, however,
      correct tube position must be achieved. Capnography, a noninvasive monitoring
      technique designed to measure expired carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, has been used
      previously to identify respiratory placement of nasogastric tubes in adults;
      however, its use in children is understudied. The purpose of this pilot study was
      to determine the potential of CO2 monitoring to differentiate respiratory from
      gastric placement of nasogastric/orogastric (NG/OG) tubes in the youngest, most
      fragile children-premature infants. Immediately prior to chest radiograph, CO2
      levels in 7 premature infants were measured at the open ends of both the
      endotracheal and NG/OG tubes by using a bedside capnography monitor. The 14 CO2
      readings from the correctly placed endotracheal tubes ranged from 32 to 61 mmHg
      (M = 47.6 mmHg, SD = 10.0). CO2 readings were zero in all 14 correctly placed
      NG/OG tubes. The results of this pilot study provide evidence that capnography
      may be useful in differentiating respiratory from gastrointestinal tube placement
      in premature infants.

PMID- 18156958
TI  - The use of a nursing model to understand diarrhea and the role of probiotics in
      patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - Inflammatory bowel disease, an umbrella term used for Crohn disease and
      ulcerative colitis, is often accompanied with the presenting symptom of diarrhea.
      This symptom can be a great nuisance and emotionally distressing to the
      individual with inflammatory bowel disease. Although the exact etiology of
      inflammatory bowel disease is still unknown, interactions between the host
      susceptibility, mucosal immunity, and intestinal microflora are thought to be
      major factors. One intervention that is gaining increasing support by the
      research and medical community is the use of probiotics, which work on the
      intestinal flora by altering the bacterial composition and thereby rendering the
      environment unfavorable to pathogenic organisms. The human response to illness
      model provides an ideal organizing framework to gain a comprehensive
      understanding of the human response of diarrhea in the inflammatory bowel disease
      population. By examining the physiological, pathophysiological, behavioral, and
      experiential perspectives as well as individual vulnerabilities, this model
      establishes sound rationale to guide nursing interventions to help the individual
      better cope with the physical and emotional effects of having diarrhea. This
      model also facilitates the provision of holistic and personalized care, which may
      include the use of probiotics to help alleviate this distressing symptom.

PMID- 18156960
TI  - Postprocedural effects of gastrointestinal endoscopy performed as a day case
      procedure in children: implications for patient and family education.
AB  - A prospective design that included a survey tool, nursing care records, and
      telephone interview was used to determine postprocedural effects experienced by
      children and families following gastrointestinal endoscopy performed as a day
      procedure. One hundred twenty-one children attending a pediatric gastroenterology
      unit for endoscopy under general anesthesia participated in the study. Physical
      symptoms, day care/school attendance, behavioral issues, and economic factors in
      the 72 hours post procedure were identified. Over half the children (n = 69, 57%)
      experienced pain in the hospital post procedure. Pain was reported by 73 children
      (60%) at home on the day of the procedure, by 55 children (45%) on Day 1 post
      procedure, and by 37 children (31%) on Day 2 post procedure. The throat was the
      most common site of pain. Nausea or vomiting was experienced by 37 children (31%)
      at some time following their procedure but was not associated with procedure
      type, age, or fasting time. Over half the children (n = 53, 51%) who usually
      attended day care or school did not attend the day following their procedure.
      Twenty-four parents (40%) who would normally have worked on the day after the
      procedure did not attend employment. These findings have been used to improve the
      preprocedural information and discharge management of patients treated in a
      pediatric gastroenterology ambulatory setting.

PMID- 18156964
TI  - My baby is bleeding!

PMID- 18156965
TI  - Where is the theory in evidence-based practice?

PMID- 18156966
TI  - Discharge instructions.

PMID- 18156967
TI  - Serous carcinogenesis in the fallopian tube: a descriptive classification.
AB  - The fimbria is the most common site of early serous cancer (tubal intraepithelial
      carcinoma or STIC) in women with BRCA mutations (BRCA+). A candidate serous
      cancer precursor--the p53 signature--has been found in nonneoplastic secretory
      cells of the fimbria, suggesting serous carcinogenesis in the tube (SCAT). This
      study surveyed fallopian tubes from 3 populations to characterize the
      morphological and immunohistochemical correlates of SCAT. The SCAT sequence was
      defined by strong nuclear p53 staining and DNA damage (gamma-H2AX+) in secretory
      cells and subdivided morphologically by (1) degree of nuclear stratification, (2)
      proliferative index, and (3) degree of disorganized growth. Fallopian tubes from
      women without a current ovarian cancer, women with BRCA mutations, and women with
      a coexisting pelvic serous cancer were completely examined. p53 signatures
      exhibited cuboidal to pseudostratified, polarized p53+ epithelial segments with
      variable nuclear enlargement and a MiB1 index of 0% to 30%. Tubal intraepithelial
      carcinomas contained from single (uncommon) to multilayered, poorly polarized,
      uninterrupted neoplastic cell populations that completely displaced the normal
      mucosa; MiB1 index exceeded 45% and was usually more than 70%. An uncommon third
      category, p53-positive foci with features intermediate between p53 signatures and
      STICs, exhibited preserved epithelial polarity, pseudostratification, incomplete
      replacement of the adjacent normal ciliated cells, and a MiB1 index between 40%
      and 75%. Transitions from 1 category to another were documented. Combined with
      recent reports associating STICs with pelvic serous cancer, this continuum of
      epithelial change validates the SCAT sequence and the fimbrial secretory cell as
      the site of origin for many serous carcinomas.

PMID- 18156968
TI  - Defining an appropriate threshold for the diagnosis of serous borderline tumor of
      the ovary: when is a full staging procedure unnecessary?
AB  - How much borderline change in an otherwise typical ovarian serous cystadenoma
      should warrant classification as a serous ovarian "borderline tumor?" We
      correlated estimated volume and percent borderline change with stage in 56 cases
      of serous ovarian neoplasms (excluding carcinomas) diagnosed as at least focal
      borderline change to see if we could define an appropriate threshold for the
      diagnosis of borderline tumor that would justify full surgical staging. Forty
      three cases were completely staged, 6 had "fertility-sparing" but otherwise
      complete staging, and 7 cases had "limited" staging. Thirty-eight cases were
      stage 1a-1c, and 18 were greater than stage 1. Cases with stage 1 disease had a
      significantly lower mean volume of borderline change sampled of 2.0 compared with
      5.6 cm in cases with greater than stage 1 disease (P = 0.0002). All high-stage
      cases had at least 1.0 cm or more of borderline change sampled (range, 1.0-12).
      Cases with stage 1 disease had a significantly lower mean estimated total percent
      borderline change of 34.8% compared with 77.2% in cases with greater than stage 1
      disease (P < 0.0001). All high-stage cases had 20% or more total borderline
      change (range, 20%-100%). In addition, a grossly exophytic growth pattern
      component was highly predictive of high stage (P < or = 0.0001). Two cases
      recurred-both were advanced-stage and high-percent borderline change. There were
      no deaths due to disease (mean follow-up, 85 months). Our study supports a
      conservative 10% cutoff for classification as a "borderline tumor," and that
      complete surgical staging is not necessary when a serous neoplasm with an
      intracystic growth pattern has less than 10% or 0.5-cm borderline change.

PMID- 18156969
TI  - No metastatic cervical adenocarcinomas in a series of p16INK4a-positive mucinous
      or endometrioid advanced ovarian carcinomas: an analysis of the AGO Ovarian
      Cancer Study Group.
AB  - Epithelial ovarian cancers may represent secondary manifestations of occult
      extraovarian carcinomas. Such tumors may be misdiagnosed as primary ovarian
      carcinomas clinically and pathologically. In a recent study, several cases of
      cervical cancer metastases with primary manifestation as mucinous or endometrioid
      ovarian carcinomas were described. In all cases, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA
      and diffuse p16 immunostaining were detected in the ovarian tumor tissues. To
      estimate the frequency of occult metastatic endocervical adenocarcinomas in a
      series of mucinous or endometrioid ovarian carcinomas, 24 ovarian cancers with
      mucinous and 50 with endometrioid differentiation from the Arbeitsgemeinschaft
      Gynaekologische Onkologie OVAR-3 database were analyzed for HPV and p16
      positivity. The p16 immunostaining was performed using the p16 histology kit
      (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark), and both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining results were
      considered positive. Human papillomavirus polymerase chain reaction analysis was
      performed using 2 consensus primer systems (GP5/GP6 and PGMY09/11) and HPV-16-
      and HPV-18-specific primers from the L1 and the E6 regions. Six (8%) of 74 tumors
      were p16-negative, 13 (18%) of 74 showed single positive cells, 28 (38%) of 74
      showed focal homogeneous staining, and 27 (36%) of 74 showed complete diffuse
      staining. In several independent amplifications of different regions of the HPV
      genome, none of the 73 tumors available for analysis showed the presence of HPV
      DNA. No ovarian metastases of endocervical adenocarcinomas were found among
      mucinous and endometrioid adenocarcinomas from a large chemotherapy trial of
      advanced stage ovarian carcinomas. The p16 staining detected in many primary
      ovarian adenocarcinomas in the present series seems independent from HPV oncogene
      activity.

PMID- 18156970
TI  - Expression of DNA damage checkpoint protein Hus1 in epithelial ovarian tumors
      correlates with prognostic markers.
AB  - Hus1 and Rad9 are proteins involved in DNA damage checkpoint regulation, which is
      required for the maintenance of genomic stability. In addition to checkpoint
      activation, mammalian cells also use apoptosis to eliminate cells with severe DNA
      damage. Interestingly, Rad9 was shown to be directly involved in apoptosis as
      well. Despite the knowledge of molecular mechanisms on how Hus1 and Rad9 act in
      response to DNA damage, little is known about the role of these 2 proteins in
      cancer progression. In this study, we analyzed the expression of Rad9 and Hus1 in
      epithelial ovarian tumors and correlated them to clinopathological parameters and
      apoptotic biomarkers (p53, Bcl-2, and Bax). Histological sections from 114
      primary ovarian epithelial tumors were stained with antibodies using the
      streptavidin-biotin method. In addition, mitotic and apoptotic indices (both
      hematoxylin-eosin staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated
      dUTP-biotin end labeling assay) were also measured. We found that Rad9 expression
      correlated closely to significance only with the apoptotic and mitotic indices (P
      = 0.056 and 0.059, respectively). Hus1 levels correlated significantly with the
      clinicopathologic factors of bad prognosis, including FIGO (International
      Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage (P < 0.002) and with the p53
      expression (P < 0.001), Bax expression (P < 0.008), mitotic index (P < 0.001),
      and apoptotic index (P < 0.003).

PMID- 18156971
TI  - Primary or secondary? Genotyping confirmation of an ovarian primary carcinoid
      tumor.
AB  - Ovarian primary carcinoid tumors of pure histological type can pose a significant
      diagnostic challenge in its separation from metastatic carcinoids from the
      gastrointestinal tract. Yet, their clinical management and prognosis are
      drastically different. At the molecular level, ovarian primary carcinoid tumors
      are thought to be of germ cell origin, frequently after the first meiotic
      division. We report a 21.5-cm ovarian insular carcinoid tumor in a 50-year-old
      woman who had no evidence of extraovarian tumor. The absence of teratomatous
      components and the presence of lymphovascular invasion prompted additional
      studies to rule out a metastatic tumor. The nature of this primary ovarian tumor
      was eventually confirmed by demonstration of its germ cell origin through DNA
      genotyping.

PMID- 18156972
TI  - Cryptococcosis masquerading as a tuboovarian abscess.
AB  - This report describes a 25-year-old human immunodeficiency virus- seropositive
      patient who initially presented with clinical features of a tuboovarian abscess.
      After a poor response to antibiotic therapy, laparotomy and excision of a right
      sided, unilocular, pseudocystic ovarian mass measuring 140 x 80 x 60 mm were
      undertaken. Mucoid gelatinous material, with a glistening appearance and slimy
      consistency, coated the inner surface of the thick wall. The cyst contained
      clear, viscid fluid with a similar slimy consistency. Although the macroscopic
      diagnosis was that of an ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, histopathologic
      assessment confirmed a well-circumscribed pseudocystic cryptococcoma with a wall
      of granulation and fibrous tissue and compressed ovarian stroma. The inner
      surface was covered by large, paucireactive, extracellular "yeast lakes" of
      carminophilous Cryptococcus neoformans yeasts of varying shape and size. To the
      best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation of ovarian cryptococcosis
      in the English language literature. Despite their rarity in the female genital
      tract, fungal infections must be considered in the differential diagnosis of
      patients presenting with pelvic pain of obscure origin and a pelvic mass that is
      refractory to antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 18156973
TI  - Ovarian mucinous tumor arising in mature cystic teratoma associated with
      pseudomyxoma peritonei: a case with possible respiratory epithelial
      differentiation.

PMID- 18156974
TI  - Endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma in endometrial polyps: clinicopathologic
      and follow-up findings.
AB  - The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate findings in follow-up
      hysterectomy specimens after a diagnosis of complex atypical hyperplasia or
      carcinoma in endometrial polyps (EMPs) for possible significance in management
      strategies; and 2)to identify features in these polyps, that are predictive of
      the presence of endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma in subsequent hysterectomy.
      Records of all cases of EMPs with endometrial hyperplasia were retrieved from the
      files of New York University Medical Center from 1993 to 2005. Those cases with
      follow-up hysterectomy were selected for the study. Of the 29 patients with
      complex atypical hyperplasia within the polyp, 19 out of 29 (66%) patients had
      hyperplasia of the non-polyp endometrium, and adenocarcinoma was observed in 9
      out of 29 (31%) patients on follow-up hysterectomy. The percentage of polyp area
      involved by the hyperplasia was predictive of finding endometrial disorder in
      subsequent hysterectomy (P = 0.005). Of the 8 patients with adenocarcinoma in
      situ (AIS) within the polyp 3 (38%) had myoinvasive adenocarcinoma. In contrast,
      in cases without AIS, 4 out of 21 (19%) had myoinvasive adenocarcinoma in follow
      up hysterectomy. Eight of the nine cases with carcinoma in endometrial polyp had
      endometrial pathology on hysterectomy. Approximately two thirds of the patients
      with hyperplasia and 90% of patients with adenocarcinoma in endometrial polyps
      show endometrial pathology on subsequent hysterectomy. The above findings
      reinforce the need for hysterectomy especially in postmenopausal women with
      atypical complex hyperplasia or carcinoma in endometrial polyps even if these
      changes appear confined to the polyp in initial sampling.

PMID- 18156975
TI  - Combined large cell neuroendocrine and endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium.
AB  - We present the surgical and pathological findings and follow-up of 5 women
      diagnosed with combined endometrioid and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of
      large cell type (LCNEC) arising in the endometrium. The mean age of the women was
      75 years (range, 50-88 years). Of the 5 tumors, 4 formed polypoid endometrial
      masses associated with extensive lymphovascular involvement of the myometrium by
      neoplastic cells. A single endometrial tumor was formed by LCNEC alone, and 4
      tumors were composite with varying proportions formed by endometrioid (4/5) and
      small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (1/5). In all 5 LCNEC tumor components, an
      insular growth pattern was noted, whereas a diffuse (solid) pattern was found in
      4 tumors, a trabecular in 2, and rosettes/pseudorosettes in another 2. In all 5
      tumors, the LCNEC tumor components were labeled with neuron-specific enolase
      (NSE). Four tumors were reactive for chromogranin A, CAM 5.2, and p53. Three
      tumors were labeled for AE1/AE3, CD56 (NCAM), p16, and cytokeratin 7.
      Synaptophysin was reactive in 2 tumors, and CD117 was found in only a single
      tumor. Of the 3 endometrioid tumor components examined, all were reactive for
      NSE. Two tumors were reactive for p16 and p53, 1 for CD56, but none for
      synaptophysin orchromogranin A. We conclude that LCNEC of the endometrium is a
      distinct clinicopathological entity with a poor prognosis irrespective of stage.
      The gross and histomorphological features are often suggestive, but confirmation
      requires immunoperoxidases, including NSE, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, p16,
      and p53. Combined endometrioid and high-grade LCNEC possess more characteristics
      of a type II than a type I endometrial carcinoma.

PMID- 18156976
TI  - Uterine tumor resembling an ovarian sex cord tumor associated with metastasis.
AB  - Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex-cord tumors (UTROSCT) are very rare,
      usually benign uterine tumors, and are probably derived from uterine mesenchymal
      stem cells. In this case report, a unique case of a malignant UTROSCT is
      described. Four years after a diagnosis of UTROSCT of the uterine corpus, the
      patient developed obstructive ileus due to a large infiltrating tumor within the
      small bowel with the same morphology and expression pattern as the previously
      diagnosed UTROSCT. In addition, 2 benign gastrointestinal stromal tumors were
      detected in the same patient. This case indicates that although the majority of
      UTROSCT are benign tumors, some of them might undergo malignant transformation
      and have a metastatic potency.

PMID- 18156977
TI  - Endometrial microcalcifications detected by ultrasonography: clinical
      associations, histopathology, and potential etiology.
AB  - Endometrial microcalcifications are uncommon, with alleged clinical implications
      ranging from innocuous to ominous. We reviewed the histopathologic slides from 29
      patients who had endometrial echogenic foci on pelvic ultrasound and found many
      endometrial microcalcifications. The extent of microcalcifications in each
      specimen was graded on a semiquantitative scale from 0 to 3. The mean patient age
      was 54 years (range, 34-81 years). The specimens included endometrial biopsies,
      curettages, and hysterectomies. Most of the patients had presented with abnormal
      vaginal bleeding. Fifteen patients (51.7%) were postmenopausal, 10 (34.5%) were
      premenopausal, and the rest were perimenopausal. The most frequent endometrial
      types were atrophic (39.5%), inactive (23.3%), and proliferative (14%). Six
      specimens (14%) showed benign endometrial polyps. One patient had well
      differentiated endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium without myometrial
      invasion. Specimens from 16 patients (55.2%) had microcalcifications. The
      patients with calcifications were older than those without calcifications (mean
      age, 60 vs. 47 years, respectively; P = 0.017). The extent of microcalcifications
      positively correlated with the presence of endometrial polyps (P = 0.00076),
      postmenopausal state (P = 0.004), atrophic endometrium (P = 0.002), and hormone
      replacement therapy (P = 0.013). The microcalcifications were concentric or
      amorphous, intraglandular or stromal. They were focally associated with minute
      papillary epithelial projections or with degenerated endometrial glands. Follow
      up was available on 26 patients (89.7%). Except for the patient with endometrioid
      carcinoma, none has developed uterine, adnexal, or peritoneal malignancy. In
      summary, endometrial microcalcifications are histologically heterogeneous and are
      associated with older patient age, postmenopausal state, atrophic endometrium,
      and endometrial polyps. Those found incidentally by means of pelvic
      ultrasonography, in our experience, did not portend malignancy.

PMID- 18156978
TI  - Differential Immunoreactivity of p16 in leiomyosarcomas and leiomyoma variants.
AB  - Several studies have now examined the cDNA expression profiles of healthy
      myometrium, leiomyomas (LM), and leiomyosarcomas (LMS). This has produced a list
      of candidate genes that might be useful tools for distinguishing these entities
      from each other. The potential candidates identified from this body of research
      include insulinlike growth factor 1, h-caldesmon, cytokeratin 18, and the cyclin
      dependent kinase 4 inhibitor, p16. To determine whether the immunohistochemical
      expression of these proteins could aid in the diagnosis of LMS and LM variants,
      we constructed a tissue microarray consisting of cases of healthy myometrium (n =
      10), LM (not otherwise specified and variants; n = 47), and LMS (n = 8), and then
      measured the immunoreactivity of each of these proteins. The cases were scored on
      the basis of staining intensity (weak, moderate, or strong) and extent (focal or
      diffuse) and were assigned a final score from 0 to +3. Immunostaining for p16 was
      statistically stronger in LMS than in LM and its subtypes (P < 0.001).
      Specifically, the p16 immunostaining score in LMS cases (n = 8) was at least +2,
      whereas the p16 immunostaining scores in all LM cases (n = 47) were either 0 (n =
      35) or +1 (n = 12). The expression of the remaining antibodies did not show a
      statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Furthermore, none of
      the markers studied showed any differences among the LM variants. The results of
      this study confirm the overexpression of p16 in LMS and suggest that p16 can
      serve as a reliable immunohistochemical marker in distinguishing uterine LMS from
      LM and its benign variants.

PMID- 18156979
TI  - Pathological findings associated with the presence of a mirena intrauterine
      system at hysterectomy.
AB  - The Mirena intrauterine system (IUS) has improved the options available to women
      with menorrhagia. However, in some women, IUS treatment fails to reduce menstrual
      flow, and surgical treatment, including hysterectomy, is necessary. We have
      reviewed the histopathological findings on the uteri of 44 women undergoing
      hysterectomy because of menorrhagia after unsuccessful IUS treatment to assess
      whether a potentially unresponsive cohort could be identified. A retrospective
      review of 44 hysterectomy specimens was performed between October 1999 and April
      2006 on women who underwent unsuccessful treatment of menorrhagia with the IUS.
      The patients' ages ranged from 30 to 53 years (median age, 43 years; all were
      premenopausal). Most women (60%) had the expected appearance of atrophy of the
      endometrial glands and pseudodecidual stromal reaction. Thirty hysterectomy
      specimens contained benign leiomyomata with associated reduced reactivity in the
      uterine cavity and incomplete suppression of the endometrium. In some cases (n =
      10), the fibroids had displaced the IUS in the uterine cavity. Fourteen specimens
      showed adenomyosis, of which 8 also contained fibroids. In addition to
      leiomyomas, 1 specimen had an atypical polypoid adenomyoma and 1 had a benign
      adenomatoid tumor. Two specimens had endometrial hyperplasia for which the IUS
      was unsuccessful in controlling bleeding. Two specimens showed intrauterine
      misplacement of the IUS. Only 6 women (13.6%) had no histological abnormalities.
      Most women (86%) undergoing hysterectomy because of abnormal uterine bleeding
      with a Mirena IUS in situ had uterine abnormalities, as revealed by pathological
      review. Although recent reports have indicated that the IUS can be used
      successfully in the treatment of menorrhagia due to uterine fibroids, most cases
      of hysterectomies in this series after failed IUS suppression of menorrhagia
      contained uterine fibroids.

PMID- 18156980
TI  - Fetal polymorphisms in anti-inflammatory cytokine and beta-adrenergic receptor
      genes associated with placental pathological lesions.
AB  - Prematurity is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Altered intra
      amniotic levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL) 1ra and IL-4,
      and beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) production have been associated with
      preterm labor and delivery. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential
      associations of polymorphisms in these genes with specific placental pathological
      findings. Maternal and fetal DNA were analyzed for a length polymorphism in the
      IL-1ra gene and for single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-4 and beta2AR
      genes. Placentas were evaluated for pathological abnormalities in the following
      major categories: meconium, malperfusion, acute deciduitis, chorioamnionitis,
      umbilical cord problems, villitis, and fetal vascular thrombosis. In fetal DNA,
      homozygosity for the IL-1ra 2 allele (P = 0.029) and carriage of the IL-4 T
      allele (P < 0.01) were associated with acute deciduitis. In addition, carriage of
      the beta2AR A allele (P = 0.036) was associated with umbilical cord problems.
      There were no associations between placental lesions and any maternal gene
      polymorphisms. Although susceptibility to premature delivery is multifactorial,
      the present study provides pathological evidence for a connection between
      specific alleles and placental abnormalities. Carriage of these alleles may
      render the fetus more susceptible to the adverse consequences of infection and
      inflammation.

PMID- 18156981
TI  - "Malignant" uterine perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, pelvic lymph node
      lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and gynecological pecomatosis in a patient with
      tuberous sclerosis: a case report and review of the literature.
AB  - We report a case of uterine perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) with
      malignant histological features in a 59-year-old woman with tuberous sclerosis
      (TBS). The patient also had extrapulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis involving
      pelvic lymph nodes, myometrium, cervix, and ovary ("pecomatosis"). The uterine
      tumor measured 2.6 cm and had marked nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis, and 2
      mitoses per 50 high-powered field, with an occasional atypical mitosis and
      infiltrative borders. The nonneoplastic myometrium, the cervical wall, and the
      hilum of the ovary had multiple clusters of bland-looking epithelioid clear cells
      that ranged from 1 to 5 mm (pecomatosis). The uterine tumor cells were positive
      for HMB-45 (90%), Melan-A (70%), smooth muscle actin (50%), and estrogen receptor
      (30%). Of the 16 pelvic lymph nodes excised, 3 were involved with
      lymphangioleiomyomatosis that was positive for HMB-45 and estrogen receptor. This
      is only the second reported PEComa associated with pecomatosis and the fourth
      PEComa described in a patient with TBS. The clinical significance of pecomatosis
      is still uncertain but seems to be seen only in patients with TBS.

PMID- 18156982
TI  - Intestinal-type cervical adenocarcinoma in situ and adenocarcinoma exhibit a
      partial enteric immunophenotype with consistent expression of CDX2.
AB  - Most cases of cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and adenocarcinoma are of the
      usual or endocervical type. However, intestinal types of AIS and adenocarcinoma
      exist. With an intestinal-type adenocarcinoma in the cervix, the question may
      arise as to whether one is dealing with a primary cervical neoplasm or direct or
      secondary spread from an intestinal adenocarcinoma. In organs such as the ovary,
      urinary bladder, esophagus, and gallbladder, intestinal-type glandular epithelium
      often expresses enteric markers, but this has hardly been studied in the cervix.
      The purpose of this study was to investigate whether intestinal-type AIS and
      adenocarcinoma in the cervix express enteric markers and to ascertain whether
      these antibodies are of value in the distinction from a metastatic intestinal
      adenocarcinoma. We compared the immunophenotype of these lesions with that of
      usual-type AIS and adenocarcinomain the cervix. Cases included were AIS of usual
      type (n = 6), primary cervical adenocarcinoma of usual type (n = 6), AIS of
      intestinal type (n = 21), primary cervical adenocarcinoma of intestinal type (n =
      3), primary cervical adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells (n = 2), and
      colorectal adenocarcinoma involving the cervix (n = 5). All cases were stained
      with cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK20, monoclonal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), p16,
      and CDX2. Staining was categorized as negative, focally positive (<50% cells), or
      diffusely positive (50% or more cells). Usual-type AIS was always diffusely CK7
      positive, typically diffusely CEA and p16 positive, and always CK20 negative.
      CDX2 was positive in 1 case. All usual cervical adenocarcinomas were diffusely
      CK7 and p16 positive, and all were immunoreactive with CEA. Five and 2 cases were
      CK20 and CDX2 positive, respectively. Intestinal-type AIS was diffusely CK7
      positive (all cases) and typically CK20 negative and diffusely CEA and p16
      positive. All but 1 case exhibited diffuse nuclear positivity with CDX2. In
      addition, usual-type AIS adjacent to intestinal type was CDX2 positive in 13 of
      21 cases. The 3 cases of primary cervical intestinal-type adenocarcinoma were
      diffusely CK7 positive, focally or diffusely positive with CK20 and CDX2, and
      focally positive with CEA. One case was diffusely p16 positive, 1 focal and 1
      negative. The foci of signet ring cells in the 2 primary cervical adenocarcinomas
      were diffusely CK7 and p16 positive and negative with CK20 and CDX2. Colorectal
      adenocarcinomas involving the cervix were typically diffusely positive with CK20,
      CEA, and CDX2; negative with CK7; and negative or focally positive with p16.
      Intestinal types of cervical AIS and adenocarcinoma exhibit a partial enteric
      immunophenotype, usually with diffuse expression of CDX2 and, in some cases,
      staining with CK20. They maintain their CK7 immunoreactivity and are usually p16
      positive. Although there is immunophenotypic overlap, focal staining with CK20
      together with diffuse CK7 and sometimes p16 positivity helps to distinguish
      intestinal types of cervical adenocarcinoma from involvement by a colorectal
      adenocarcinoma; CEA and CDX2 are of no value in this regard. CDX2 positivity in
      usual-type AIS adjacent to intestinal type and in occasional cases of pure usual
      type AIS may be a reflection of early intestinal differentiation before this is
      morphologically apparent. Using a set of cases of AIS diagnosed in a single
      institution over a 7-year period (77 usual type; 13 intestinal type), intestinal
      type was more likely to be associated with early invasive adenocarcinoma than
      usual type (31% vs 17%), suggesting that intestinal differentiation may be a risk
      factor for invasion in premalignant cervical glandular lesions.

PMID- 18156983
TI  - Reproducibility of the histological diagnosis of cervical dysplasia among
      pathologists from 4 continents.
AB  - The reliable histological diagnosis of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions
      (SILs), especially low-grade SIL, is known to be problematic. Poor diagnostic
      reproducibility can complicate studies addressing its appropriate management. As
      part of an international study comparing expectant management of histologically
      proven low-grade SIL with immediate loop electrocautery excisional procedure,
      this study was carried out to assess interobserver agreement on the histological
      diagnosis of SILs among a group of 22 pathologists from 5 countries and the
      intraobserver reliability among a subset of 7 Canadian pathologists. Fifty-six
      histological slides from colposcopically obtained cervical biopsies were
      circulated to each of the 22 pathologists. To assess intraobserver reliability, 7
      Canadian pathologists assessed 40 of the slides once and 16 of the slides twice.
      Kappa values were used to measure interobserver agreement with an overall kappa
      value of 0.61 (95% confidence interval, 0.60-0.62) corresponding to moderate
      reliability. The weighted kappa values for interobserver agreement ranged from
      0.46 to 0.88 (median, 0.79). The intraobserver reliability of 7 Canadian
      pathologists ranged from substantial to excellent based upon the weighted kappa
      values ranging from 0.62 to 0.94 (median, 0.72). This degree of reliability is
      comparable to that found in similar studies. In an individual case, there can be
      considerable disparity in diagnosis that can result in disparate management
      strategies. This adds a layer of complexity to any trial that attempts to assess
      optimal treatment strategies or the natural history of this disease.

PMID- 18156984
TI  - Longitudinal cytological follow-up of patients with a papanicolaou test
      interpretation of "atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance" that was
      followed by a negative reflex test for high-risk human papillomavirus types.
AB  - The 2001 consensus guidelines essentially equated the follow-up management of
      patients with a Papanicolaou (Pap) test interpretation of negative for
      intraepithelial lesion or malignancy and those with an interpretation of atypical
      squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) that was followed by a
      negative reflex test for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) types: follow-up
      cytology in 12 months. As several years have elapsed since these guidelines
      attained some measure of widespread implementation, we sought to determine
      whether, in routinely diagnosed cases, the full spectrum of follow-up cytological
      findings are indeed identical in these 2 groups. Clinical and pathological data
      of consecutive patients with a Pap test interpretation of ASC-US during a 6-week
      period (n = 587), in which reflex human papillomavirus testing was performed (n =
      497) and in which HR HPV types were not detected (n = 300), were reviewed (study
      group). A randomly selected control group of 300 patients whose Pap tests were
      reported as negative (negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy) during
      the same period were similarly reviewed. The follow-up Pap tests were classified
      into the various Bethesda 2001 diagnostic categories, and both groups were
      compared. The average follow-up duration in the study and control groups was
      26.03 and 25.9 months, respectively. When all of the follow-up Pap tests in each
      group (study, n = 555; control, n = 356) were used for the comparisons, patients
      in the study group were significantly more likely to have an abnormal follow-up
      Pap test result than the control group patients (24.9% vs 7.6%, P < 0.0001); this
      was primarily attributable to the more frequent repeat interpretations of ASC-US
      in the former group (20.5% vs 5.1%, P < 0.0001). The HR HPV detection rates in
      the follow-up ASC-US cases were not significantly different between the study and
      control groups. There were no significant differences between both groups
      regarding the diagnostic frequencies of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
      and atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial
      lesion (HGSIL). No examples of HGSIL or invasive cancer were identified in the
      follow-up of either group. All comparisons of statistical significance retained
      their significance when only 1 follow-up Pap test per patient, the most severe
      interpretation, was used. Our findings suggest that some significant differences
      exist between these 2 groups, most notably the comparatively increased frequency
      of repeat ASC-US interpretations in the study group. However, the extraordinary
      rarity of the most clinically significant interpretations of HGSIL and carcinoma
      in this setting can be confirmed because no such cases were identified during the
      follow-up of either group.

PMID- 18156985
TI  - Late breast cancer recurrence to the uterine cervix with a review of the
      literature.
AB  - The cervix is a possible site of metastasis from any primary malignancy, but no
      specific indication on follow-up examination is present. We present an
      asymptomatic patient with isolated breast cancer cervical recurrence diagnosed by
      colposcopy after 11 years from primary disease. After a PubMed search and a
      review of current guidelines, no indication to follow-up examination regarding
      the cervix is present. The adoption of colposcopy in cancer survivors might be an
      aid to gynecologists in diagnosing cancer recurrence. Cancer survivors might
      benefit from a more thorough gynecologic examination as compared with the simple
      Papanicolaou test.

PMID- 18156986
TI  - Pagetoid squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the vulva: comparison with
      extramammary paget disease and nonpagetoid squamous cell neoplasia.
AB  - Pagetoid squamous cell carcinoma in situ (PSSCIS) is a variant of squamous cell
      intraepithelial neoplasia. Although PSSCIS is well-documented in the cutaneous
      skin and esophagus, cases of vulvar PSSCIS are rare. In the vulva, the main
      differential diagnosis is extramammary Paget disease (EMPD). We report 2 cases of
      vulvar PSSCIS along with the immunohistochemical and human papillomavirus (HPV)
      status of this disease compared with primary cutaneous EMPD of the vulva.
      Although PSSCIS and EMPD share CK7 and CK19 expression, PSSCIS is consistently
      mucin and carcinoembryonic antigen negative. In contrast to EMPD, both cases of
      PSSCIS strongly expressed p16 (INK4A) protein, consistent with RB1 protein
      dysregulation. However, integration of high-risk HPV was found in only 1 of the 2
      PSSCIS cases. Given the morphological and immunohistochemical findings, we
      suggest that PSSCIS arises from a bidirectional stem cell capable of both
      squamous and glandular differentiation. Additionally, as with nonpagetoid
      squamous cell neoplasias of the vulvar, integration of high-risk HPV may occur in
      some, but not all, cases of PSSCIS.

PMID- 18156987
TI  - Differentiated intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva.
AB  - We present the clinical and pathological findings of 6 women with intraepithelial
      neoplasia of differentiated or simplex type (DVIN). The mean age was 68 years
      (range 55-82). One lesion was still in situ, whereas 5 were associated with
      squamous carcinoma, 4 of well-differentiated keratinizing type and 1 of poorly
      differentiated spindle-cell type. The invasive depth of the squamous carcinomas
      ranged from 0.6 to 8 mm and the surgical margins of all of the resection
      specimens were uninvolved by neoplastic cells. In contrast, DVIN involved the
      surgical margins in 5 specimens while the remaining specimen had normal surgical
      margins. In all 6 vulvar specimens, DVIN showed intense immunoreactivity for Ki
      67 in the basal and parabasal cells while only 4 specimens showed reactivity for
      p53. In 5 surgical specimens with DVIN the number of CD1a cells was increased but
      little if any immunoreactivity could be found amongst the corresponding invasive
      neoplastic cells. Four squamous carcinomas also showed diffuse p53 reactivity.
      There was little difference in the pattern of Ki-67 expression between DVIN and
      squamous carcinoma. For a number of reasons, DVIN present diagnostic difficulty
      and considerable interobserver variation also exists. Our study suggests that Ki
      67 and p16 are useful for distinguishing DVIN and classical VIN 3, whereas p53
      and CD1a are useful for distinguishing DVIN and invasive squamous carcinoma.
      Furthermore, p53 appears to have higher specificity than sensitivity for
      distinguishing DVIN from normal squamous epithelium.

PMID- 18156988
TI  - Involvement of heparanase in the pathogenesis of localized vulvodynia.
AB  - Recently, we have shown that vestibular hyperinnervation and the presence of 8 or
      more mast cells in a 10 x 10 microscopic field can be used as diagnostic criteria
      in localized vulvodynia (vulvar vestibulitis). We have also documented that
      degranulation of mast cells occurs in these cases. The present study further
      examines the characteristics of vestibular hyperinnervation and mast cell
      function in localized vulvodynia to elucidate if the 2 processes-hyperinnervation
      and mast cell increase and degranulation-are related. We examined vestibular
      tissue from 7 women aged 18 to 48 with severe localized vulvodynia and from 7
      healthy control women. Parallel sections were stained by Giemsa and then
      immunostained for CD117 and heparanase. Nerve fibers that expressed protein gene
      product 9.5 were examined. Tissues from women with localized vulvodynia
      documented a significant increase in vestibular mast cells, subepithelial
      heparanase activity, and intraepithelial hyperinnervation compared with healthy
      women. This is the first documentation of heparanase activity in localized
      vulvodynia. Heparanase, which is degranulated from mast cells, is capable of
      degrading the vestibular stroma and epithelial basement membrane, thus permitting
      stromal proliferation and intraepithelial extension of nerve fibers, as seen in
      the present study. The hyperinnervation has been thought to cause the vestibular
      hyperesthesia distinctive of localized vulvodynia.

PMID- 18156989
TI  - Malignant clear cell hidradenoma of the vulva: report of a unique case and review
      of the literature.
AB  - Clear cell hidradenoma (CCH) is a rare tumor derived from eccrine sweat glands
      with a predilection for the head, face, and upper extremities. Its biologic
      behavior is unpredictable, although frank malignant transformation is reportedly
      rare (prevalence rate, 6.7% in a review). Malignant CCH (MCCH) exists only as
      case reports or very small series in the literature. We present a unique case of
      MCCH of the vulva with completely bland cytological features. A previously
      healthy 39-year-old woman underwent marsupialization of a presumed left-side
      vulval Bartholin gland cyst. Microscopy revealed a tumor with the features of
      CCH; no atypia, necrosis, or mitoses were observed. Ten months later, she
      developed enlarging left groin nodes, one of which contained a metastatic clear
      cell tumor. Radiological examination did not reveal any other primary source, and
      the diagnosis of MCCH was confirmed through an expert review. A reexcision of the
      vulval primary site, which contained residual tumor, was performed. The patient
      is currently free of any further recurrence 10 months after the excision of the
      lymph node metastasis. The case highlights the difficulty in predicting the
      behavior of CCH on the basis of histological examination alone. It also
      highlights the importance of considering MCCH in the differential diagnosis of a
      lymph node containing a metastatic clear cell tumor or an apparent metastatic
      clear cell lesion in the skin. We review the current literature on MCCH and
      discuss the problems in the differential diagnosis and treatment of this rare
      tumor.

PMID- 18156990
TI  - Effect of baseline CD4 cell count on the efficacy and safety of peginterferon
      Alfa-2a (40KD) plus ribavirin in patients with HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The impact of baseline CD4 status on hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment
      response among patients with HIV/HCV coinfection was investigated using data from
      a randomized study of peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) + ribavirin (Peg-IFN/RBV).
      METHODS: Of 860 patients treated with conventional interferon alfa-2a + ribavirin
      (IFN/RBV), peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) + placebo (Peg-IFN), or Peg-IFN/RBV for
      48 weeks, 857 patients had baseline CD4 data available and were included in the
      analysis. Efficacy and safety were analyzed according to baseline CD4 status as
      absolute cell count and proportion of total lymphocytes. RESULTS: Sustained
      virologic response (SVR) rates were highest with Peg-IFN/RBV across all CD4
      strata. With Peg-IFN/RBV, SVR rates were independent of baseline CD4 in genotype
      2/3 patients, but in genotype 1 patients, they tended to be higher with higher
      CD4 or CD4%. Frequencies of adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs were similar
      among treatment arms and CD4 strata. Withdrawal and dose reduction rates
      attributable to safety were highest with CD4 <200 cells/muL. CONCLUSIONS: Peg
      IFN/RBV could be effective and well tolerated in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals
      with stable HIV. With Peg-IFN/RBV, response tended to increase with higher CD4
      counts in genotype 1; however, because of the paucity of patients with CD4 <200
      cells/muL, these data require corroboration.

PMID- 18156993
TI  - Low prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in HIV-infected patients with
      multiple cardiovascular risk factors.

PMID- 18156991
TI  - Baseline CD4 cell count and outcome of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin
      therapy in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: When to start hepatitis C treatment in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)
      coinfected patients remains unresolved. Our objective was to determine if a
      baseline CD4 count >/=350 cells/mm predicts a sustained HCV response to pegylated
      interferon plus ribavirin. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter cohort study of
      HIV/HCV-coinfected patients treated for HIV in hospitals in Nice, Tourcoing, and
      Marseille (France). Sustained viral response (SVR) was defined as undetectable
      HCV RNA 24 weeks after treatment. The relation between CD4 cell count and SVR was
      examined separately for patients with HCV genotype 1 or non-1. RESULTS: One
      hundred seventy-five patients were included. In patients with HCV genotype 1, the
      rate of SVR was 13% and was not related to baseline CD4 cell count (odds ratio
      [OR] = 1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1 to 9.3). In patients with HCV
      genotype non-1, the rate of SVR was 46% and was not significantly increased by a
      baseline CD4 count >/=350 cells/mm (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 0.6 to 5.9). CONCLUSIONS:
      Higher CD4 cell count at treatment initiation with pegylated interferon plus
      ribavirin did not improve treatment success probability, regardless of HCV
      genotype.

PMID- 18156992
TI  - Infrared coagulator treatment of high-grade anal dysplasia in HIV-infected
      individuals: an AIDS malignancy consortium pilot study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prospectively the safety of the infrared coagulator (IRC)
      as a treatment for anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) in
      HIV-infected individuals and to seek preliminary evidence for efficacy. METHODS:
      HIV-infected patients with </=3 biopsy-proven internal anal HSILs received office
      based treatment with the IRC at participating AIDS Malignancy Consortium sites.
      Treatments were performed during high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) under local
      anesthesia. Patients were reevaluated at 3 months, and persistent lesions could
      be retreated. Patients were evaluated every 3 months for a year with anal
      cytology and HRA with biopsy. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was measured at
      baseline and at follow-up using MY09/MY11 L1 polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:
      A total of 44 HSILs were treated from 16 men and 2 women. HPV 16 was the most
      common HPV type identified. There was no consistent change in HPV type or viral
      load in patients before and after treatment with the IRC. No procedure-related
      severe adverse events were reported. Twelve patients reported mild or moderate
      anal/rectal pain or bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: The IRC is a well-tolerated method of
      treating discrete anal canal HSILs in HIV-infected patients. A larger study to
      characterize its efficacy better in the management of HSILs in HIV-infected
      individuals is warranted.

PMID- 18156994
TI  - Plasma levels, safety, and 60-week efficacy of a once-daily double-boosted
      protease inhibitor regimen of atazanavir, saquinavir, and ritonavir.

PMID- 18156995
TI  - Human papillomavirus genotypes and anal-related lesions among HIV-1-infected men
      in Milan, Italy.

PMID- 18156996
TI  - History of incarceration and gang involvement are associated with recent sexually
      transmitted disease/HIV diagnosis in African American men.

PMID- 18156997
TI  - Registered nurses with physical disabilities.

PMID- 18156998
TI  - The executive master of science in nursing program: competencies and learning
      experiences.
AB  - This is the first in a 3-part series describing an executive master of science in
      nursing program. Part 1 describes program development built on the American
      Organization of Nurse Executives' competencies and distinct features of the
      students' online and on-site learning experiences. Part 2 will discuss how the 14
      Forces of Magnetism are integrated across the curriculum and the unique criteria
      for program admission. Finally, Part 3 will describe the use of the Robert Wood
      Johnson Executive Nurse Fellows Program as the model for learning activity and
      Benner's Novice to Expert theory for program evaluation.

PMID- 18156999
TI  - Building organizational commitment of Asian nurses in the United States.
AB  - Fostering nurses' organizational commitment is important. However, antecedents of
      commitment among Asian nurses may differ from those for native nurses in Western
      countries. The authors analyze organizational commitment and suggest that
      healthcare administrators become familiar with the differences between
      collectivist and individualistic cultural outlooks in order to help Asian nurses
      adapt to new environments more quickly and smoothly.

PMID- 18157000
TI  - Revisiting nurse turnover costs: adjusting for inflation.
AB  - Organizational knowledge of nurse turnover costs is important, but gathering
      these data frequently may not always be feasible in today's fast-paced and
      complex healthcare environment. The author presents a method to inflation adjust
      baseline nurse turnover costs using the Consumer Price Index. This approach
      allows nurse executives to gain current knowledge of organizational nurse
      turnover costs when primary data collection is not practical and to determine
      costs and potential savings if nurse retention investments are made.

PMID- 18157001
TI  - Quantifying nursing workflow in medication administration.
AB  - New medication administration systems are showing promise in improving patient
      safety at the point of care, but adoption of these systems requires significant
      changes in nursing workflow. To prepare for these changes, the authors report on
      a time-motion study that measured the proportion of time that nurses spend on
      various patient care activities, focusing on medication administration-related
      activities. Implications of their findings are discussed.

PMID- 18157002
TI  - Enhancing healthcare process design with human factors engineering and
      reliability science, part 1: setting the context.
AB  - The design and implementation of efficient, effective, and safe processes are
      never-ending challenges in healthcare. Less than optimal performance levels and
      rising concerns about patient safety suggest that traditional process design
      methods are insufficient to meet design requirements. In this 2-part series, the
      author presents human factors engineering and reliability science as important
      knowledge to enhance existing operational and clinical process design methods in
      healthcare. An examination of these theories, application approaches, and
      examples are presented.

PMID- 18157003
TI  - Addressing spiritual leadership: an organizational model.
AB  - The Joint Commission requires health systems to address spiritual care. Research
      indicates that spirituality is associated with better physical, psychological,
      and social health and that culturally diverse populations and individuals at end
      of-life often request spiritual care. The authors report the results of a
      consensus conference of 21 executives representing 10 large faith-based health
      systems who discussed the input, process, and outcomes of a corporate model for
      spiritual leadership. Specific initiatives are highlighted.

PMID- 18157004
TI  - Outcomes of interventions to improve hospital nursing work environments.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The impact of interventions designed to improve the nursing work
      environment on patient and nurse outcomes was examined. BACKGROUND: Nursing work
      environments have been characterized as contributing to patient outcomes as a
      result of organizational management practices, workforce deployment, work design,
      and organizational culture. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study involved 16
      unit managers, 1,137 patients, and 296 observations from registered nurses over
      time. RESULTS: After participation in the intervention, study nurses reported
      higher perceptions of their work and work environment. Demographic nurse, unit,
      and hospital characteristics also had an impact on the work environment and
      outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings in this study highlight the importance of
      understanding factors in the work environment that influence patient and nurse
      outcomes.

PMID- 18157005
TI  - Evidence-based policy and procedures: an algorithm for success.
AB  - Evidence-based practice is defined as the use of current best evidence by
      clinicians when making patient care decisions. Barriers to an evidence-based
      practice are well identified in the literature and significantly impact the use
      of research findings in practice. A key feature of a practice environment that
      supports and promotes the use of best evidence is requiring clinical practice
      policies and procedures to be evidence-based. The authors describe the structure
      and process developed to facilitate evidence-based policies and the outcomes of
      the initiative.

PMID- 18157007
TI  - The TAG family of cancer/testis antigens is widely expressed in a variety of
      malignancies and gives rise to HLA-A2-restricted epitopes.
AB  - The TAG-1, TAG-2a, TAG-2b, and TAG-2c cancer/testis genes, known to be expressed
      in an unusually high percentage of melanoma cell lines, are shown here to be
      expressed in a variety of tumor lines of diverse histologic type, including
      cancers of the brain, breast, colon, lung, ovary, pharynx, and tongue. The genes
      are also expressed in fresh, uncultured melanoma, and ovarian cancer cells.
      Epitope prediction algorithms were used to identify potential HLA-A1, HLA-A2, HLA
      A3, HLA-B7, and HLA-B8 epitopes, and these potential epitopes were tested for
      their ability to stimulate a peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response
      using lymphocytes from healthy donors. Two HLA-A2-restricted epitopes (SLGWLFLLL
      and LLLRLECNV) were identified using this approach. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
      specific for each of these peptides were capable of recognizing tumor cells
      expressing both the corresponding class I major histocompatibility complex
      encoded molecule and the TAG genes. These results indicate that TAG-derived
      peptides may be good components of a therapeutic vaccine designed to target
      melanoma and a variety of epithelial cell-derived malignancies.

PMID- 18157006
TI  - T-cell receptor gene therapy of established tumors in a murine melanoma model.
AB  - Adoptive cell transfer therapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for patients
      with metastatic melanoma has demonstrated significant objective response rates.
      One major limitation of these current therapies is the frequent inability to
      isolate tumor-reactive lymphocytes for treatment. Genetic engineering of
      peripheral blood lymphocytes with retroviral vectors encoding tumor antigen
      specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) bypasses this restriction. To evaluate the
      efficacy of TCR gene therapy, a murine treatment model was developed. A
      retroviral vector was constructed encoding the pmel-1 TCR genes targeting the B16
      melanoma antigen, gp100. Transduction of C57BL/6 lymphocytes resulted in
      efficient pmel-1 TCR expression. Lymphocytes transduced with this retrovirus
      specifically recognized gp100-pulsed target cells as measured by interferon-gamma
      secretion assays. Upon transfer into B16 tumor-bearing mice, the genetically
      engineered lymphocytes significantly slowed tumor development. The effectiveness
      of tumor treatment was directly correlated with the number of TCR-engineered T
      cells administered. These results demonstrated that TCR gene therapy targeting a
      native tumor antigen significantly delayed the growth of established tumors. When
      C57BL/6 lymphocytes were added to antigen-reactive pmel-1 T cells, a reduction in
      the ability of pmel-1 T cell to treat B16 melanomas was seen, suggesting that
      untransduced cells may be deleterious to TCR gene therapy. This model may be a
      powerful tool for evaluating future TCR gene transfer-based strategies.

PMID- 18157008
TI  - Enhanced immunity to intracerebral breast cancer in mice immunized with a cDNA
      based vaccine enriched for immunotherapeutic cells.
AB  - Structural differences between malignant and nonmalignant cells of the same
      individual form the basis of clinical immunotherapeutic strategies. Previously,
      we reported the therapeutic properties of a vaccine prepared by transfer of a
      cDNA-expression library from breast cancer cells into a highly immunogenic
      allogeneic fibroblast cell line where genes specifying an array of breast cancer
      antigens were expressed. Here, we report the application of this cell-based
      vaccination strategy for breast cancer metastatic to the brain. As relatively few
      cells in the vaccine were expected to have incorporated cDNA fragments specifying
      breast cancer antigens (most specify normal cellular constituents), an enrichment
      strategy was employed to increase the proportion of immunotherapeutic cells.
      Enhanced immunity to the neoplasm mediated predominantly by CD4+, CD8+, and
      NK/LAK cells was generated in the spleens of mice injected intracerebrally into
      the tumor bed with cells from the enriched vaccine, which translated into
      prolonged survival. Regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+-positive) were relatively
      deficient in the spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice injected intracerebrally
      with the enriched vaccine.

PMID- 18157009
TI  - Interferon-alpha in combination with chemotherapy has potent antiangiogenic
      properties in an orthotopic mouse model for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
AB  - There are clinical data showing encouraging results for combining
      chemoradiotherapy with interferon (IFN)-alpha (CapRI scheme) for the treatment of
      pancreatic carcinoma. Here, it was tried to evaluate the antiangiogenic effect of
      IFN-alpha in combination with chemotherapy. Mice were inoculated with syngeneic
      pancreatic carcinoma cells in the pancreas. After 5 days, the animals were
      treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)+/-IFN-alpha. Tumor growth, vascular
      endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serum levels and VEGF-R expression, real-time
      reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of mRNA coding for RGS-5, an
      angiogenic pericyte marker at sites of physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis
      and impact of IFN-alpha treatment on vessel density by CD31 stain and intravital
      microscopy were analyzed. The addition of IFN-alpha to 5-FU-treatment decreased
      tumor volume, reduced serum level of VEGF, and down-regulated the expression of
      VEGF-receptor significantly. Furthermore, the combination therapy revealed a
      decrease in vessel density and a down-regulation of RGS-5, which is a protein
      involved in angiogenic tumor vasculature. IFN-alpha significantly improves the
      outcome of 5-FU-therapy in treating pancreatic carcinoma. This is at least partly
      mediated by IFN-alpha antiangiogenic properties, which acts along with 5-FU on
      the VEGF system, vessel density, and RGS-5 expression in pericytes.

PMID- 18157010
TI  - CpG therapy is superior to BCG in an orthotopic bladder cancer model and
      generates CD4+ T-cell immunity.
AB  - Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy has been successful in extending
      tumor remission in bladder cancer, the fifth most common cancer in men. However,
      relapses are frequent and some patients develop resistance to BCG. CpGs were
      previously demonstrated to be effective in the murine MB49 model. In this paper,
      we modeled a more aggressive orthotopic bladder cancer than previously studied.
      Moreover, we compared standard BCG immunotherapy side-by-side with the Toll-like
      receptor-9 agonist CpG. MB49 tumor-bearing mice were treated with BCG or CpG and
      survival as well as tumor progression were observed over time. Urine, blood, and
      tumors were collected and analyzed. Mice were rechallenged and evaluated for
      tumor-specific immunity. In this study, CpGs induced a complete response of large
      aggressive orthotopic MB49 bladder tumors, resulting in tumor-specific systemic
      immunity. Further, data indicated that this potent antitumor effect required T
      cells. A comparison of CpGs and BCG in both a highly and less aggressive
      orthotopic tumor model, and in a subcutaneous tumor model, demonstrated that CpGs
      were superior to BCG. In the orthotopic model, BCG induced a local cytokine storm
      during treatment initiation whereas CpG affected a more refined cytokine pattern
      over time. Increased levels of cytokines in serum correlated with enhanced
      survival in the subcutaneous model. Further, immune cell depletion studies
      demonstrated that CpG-induced protective immunity was CD4+ T-cell dependent.
      Taken together, our data suggest that CpGs are superior to BCG for bladder cancer
      immunotherapy. Thus, this potent new drug may be an attractive therapeutic
      alternative and should be evaluated in bladder cancer patients.

PMID- 18157011
TI  - Increased susceptibility to immune destruction of B16BL6 tumor cells engineered
      to express a novel pro-Smac fusion protein.
AB  - Recent developments in immunology have provided new strategies to induce and
      augment the immune response to cancer. Nonetheless, objective clinical responses
      after vaccination are rare and even when high frequencies of tumor-specific T
      cells are achieved after adoptive immunotherapy, tumor cells continue to evade
      the immune response. We hypothesize that 1 mechanism of resistance of tumor cells
      to destruction by T cells is an elevated threshold for the induction of
      apoptosis. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are overexpressed in various
      tumors and have been associated with treatment failure and poor prognosis. As the
      mitochondrial peptide second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac) can
      antagonize IAPs, we designed a GFP-Smac fusion protein with a granzyme B (GrB)
      cleavage site. This fusion protein should be cleaved when tumor-specific
      cytolytic T cells recognize the tumor and, using the pore-forming protein
      perforin, insert GrB into the target. Here we report that transfer of a construct
      encoding a novel eGFP-Smac fusion protein (pro-Smac) containing a specific
      cleavage site for GrB, into the poorly immunogenic mouse melanoma cell line,
      B16BL6-D5 (D5), sensitizes tumor cells for killing by tumor-specific wild type,
      but not perforin-deficient (perforin-knockout), effector T cells in vitro and in
      vivo. These results describe the first example of a tumor-specific, T-cell
      mediated approach to amplify the GrB-mediated cytotoxicity pathway with a pro
      Smac fusion protein and provide an innovative approach to overcome IAPs and
      improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.

PMID- 18157012
TI  - Inhibitory effect of RNA pool complexity on stimulatory capacity of RNA-pulsed
      dendritic cells.
AB  - Tumor cells that show downregulation of their tumor-associated antigens (TAAs)
      may be able to escape immune-mediated elimination. Therefore, efficient vaccine
      strategies attempt to target multiple TAAs simultaneously. This is easily
      achieved in dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines by introducing antigens in the
      form of RNA. Although insufficient message may hinder adequate expression of
      individual TAAs when using total-tumor RNA, high amounts of individual RNAs as
      pools yield DCs presenting high numbers of specific peptide-major
      histocompatibility complex ligands with epitopes derived from different TAAs. We
      used the transfer of RNAs encoding the well-defined melanoma TAAs tyrosinase,
      Melan-A, CDK4mut, gp100, SNRP116mut, and GPNMBmut to characterize DCs at the
      levels of transfected RNA, expressed protein and peptide-major histocompatibility
      complex ligand presentation. TAA-encoding RNA was rapidly degraded in the DCs,
      allowing only a single surge in protein expression shortly after transfection. We
      compared the functional capacity of DCs transfected with pools of 3 versus 6
      RNAs. Whereas functional assays demonstrated a decrease in stimulatory capacity
      of DCs transfected with a pool of 3 RNAs by only 30% as compared with single
      RNAs, a 60% loss was seen with 6 RNAs. We conclude that larger RNA pools result
      in diminished presentation of individual epitopes and suggest that smaller pools
      of RNA be transfected into separate DC populations which are then pooled to
      create multiplex vaccines.

PMID- 18157013
TI  - Minimally invasive treatment combined with cytokine-induced killer cells therapy
      lower the short-term recurrence rates of hepatocellular carcinomas.
AB  - The recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after minimally invasive therapy
      is frequent. Adoptive immunotherapy is thought to be an effective method to lower
      recurrence and metastasis rates of malignant tumors. Therefore, 85 HCC patients
      after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation
      therapy were randomized to immunotherapy group and no adjuvant therapy group.
      Autologous cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells were transfused via hepatic artery
      to the patients. The alteration of levels of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral
      blood of patients was examined by flow cytometry. All patients were screened by
      computed tomography every 2 months to observe the tumor recurrent conditions.
      After CIK cell infusions, the percentages of CD3+, CD4+, CD56+, CD3+CD56+ cells,
      and CD4+/CD8+ ratio increased from 68.6+/-11.0%, 31.1+/-9.0%, 15.6+/-7.9%, 5.2+/
      3.1%, and 1.1+/-0.5 to 70.7+/-10.1%, 33.5+/-8.0%, 18.4+/-9.4%, 5.9+/-2.8%, and
      1.3+/-0.7, respectively (P<0.05); whereas the percentage of CD8 cells decreased
      from 31.1+/-7.8% to 28.6+/-8.3% (P<0.05). The 1-year and 18-month recurrence
      rates of the study group were 8.9% and 15.6%, compared with 30.0% and 40.0% of
      the control group (both P value<0.05). The data suggest that CIK cell transfusion
      is an effective treatment. It can boost the immunologic function in HCC patients
      and plays an important role in reducing the recurrence rate of HCC.

PMID- 18157014
TI  - Phase II trial of B7-1 (CD-86) transduced, cultured autologous tumor cell vaccine
      plus subcutaneous interleukin-2 for treatment of stage IV renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - We report a single center phase II trial of sequential vaccination followed with
      vaccine plus interleukin-2 (IL-2). Vaccination consisted of autologous cells
      cultured from primary tumor or resected metastasis, transduced to express B7.1
      surface molecule and then irradiated. The vaccine would hypothetically
      costimulate tumor-reactive T cells before IL-2 exposure. Treatment plan was 3
      subcutaneous vaccine injections at 4-week intervals and subcutaneous IL-2
      treatment for 6 weeks starting at week 7. Sixty-six patients enrolled, of whom 39
      received at least 1 vaccine; most observed toxicity was attributable to IL-2 not
      vaccine; best responses were 3% pathologic complete response, 5% partial
      response, 64% stable disease, and 28% disease progression. Median survival was
      21.8 months (95% confidence interval 17.8 to 29.6). Significant postvaccination
      increases in IFN-gamma responses to autologous tumor were observed in 2/26 cases.
      Eighty-one percent of posttreatment subdermal delayed-type hypersensitivity tests
      (using nontransduced, irradiated autologous tumor cells) had biopsies
      demonstrating injection site lymphocytic infiltration. Post hoc comparison of the
      median survival of subjects whose biopsies had lymphocytic infiltration appears
      longer than in the 19% noninfiltrated (28.4 vs. 17.8 mo, P=0.045, two-sided log
      rank test). The single arm design precludes conclusive comparison of objective
      response rates (not different here) or median survival (longer here) versus those
      of historical series using similar IL-2 schedules alone. Better outcomes could be
      logically associated to vaccine response (detectable lymphocytic infiltrates) or
      to random events that a single arm study design cannot address. This vaccine
      approach may merit further clinical development.

PMID- 18157015
TI  - Purification of melanoma reactive T cell by using a monocyte-based solid phase T
      cell selection system for adoptive therapy.
AB  - The generation of melanoma-reactive T cells with the characteristics necessary
      for in vivo effectiveness remains a considerable obstacle to the application of
      adoptive cell therapy. Recent clinical success with adoptive cell therapy for
      melanoma is motivating additional investigation to improve the technology of
      generating such tumor reactive lymphocytes. Here we describe a novel solid phase
      T-cell selection system, in which monocytes are immobilized on solid support for
      antigen-specific T-cell purification. We hypothesized and proved that antigen
      specific T cells recognize their cognate antigens and bind to them faster than
      nonantigen-specific T cells and are concentrated on the surface after removing
      the nonadherent cells by washing. Moreover, activated antigen-specific T cells
      proliferated more rapidly than nonspecific T cells, further increasing the
      frequency and purity of antigen-specific T cells. Optimal selection times for
      Melan-A-specific T cells are studied. Our data demonstrated that T-cell selection
      can usually increase the frequency of tumor antigen-specific T cells by >10-fold,
      whereas T-cell expansion after the selection boost the frequency of tumor antigen
      specific T cells by another approximately 10-fold. More importantly, these T
      cells are generated under more physiologic conditions. This new T-cell selection
      system is superior to traditional repeated stimulation methods in generating
      tumor antigen-specific T cells for adoptive cell immunotherapy. This inexpensive
      and simple T-cell selection system can produce large quantity of highly purified
      Melan-A-specific T cells within 2 weeks after T-cell activation.

PMID- 18157016
TI  - Development of a potency assay for human dendritic cells: IL-12p70 production.
AB  - The development of potency assays for characterization of cellular products used
      for human therapy throughout early-phase clinical trials is recommended by FDA.
      We present the results of the development of a standardized IL-12p70 production
      assay, which is applicable to small samples or large lots of dendritic cell (DC)
      vaccines generated under a variety of conditions. The assay measures the DC
      ability to secrete IL-12p70 and respond to helper T-cell signals (CD40L) with or
      without additional innate immunity signals. It then quantifies IL-12p70 using an
      immunobead multiplex platform. This 2-step functional assay provides a
      controlled, reproducible, robust, and cost-effective potency measure for human
      DC. It discriminates between DC matured in the presence of different cytokine
      cocktails and between DC obtained from normal donors and patients with human
      immunodeficiency virus-1 or cancer. It defines the stability of DC vaccines. It's
      application to DC assessments in several on-going early-phase clinical trials is
      expected to provide data defining the assay value in predicting in vivo efficacy
      of DC-based vaccines.

PMID- 18157017
TI  - Analysis and characterization of antitumor T-cell response after administration
      of dendritic cells loaded with allogeneic tumor lysate to metastatic melanoma
      patients.
AB  - The primary goal of cancer vaccines is to induce CD8+ T cells specific for tumor
      associated antigens (TAA) but the characterization of these cells has been
      difficult because of the low sensitivity of ex vivo assays. Here, we focused on
      TAA-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in melanoma patients after vaccination with
      autologous dendritic cells loaded with lysates derived from allogeneic tumor-cell
      lines (Lysate-DC). Out of 40 patients treated, 16 patients developed immune
      response to tumor-cell lysate and/or CD8+ T cells specific for differentiation
      and cancer-testis antigens. TAA-specific CD8+ T-cell responses were detected by
      interferon (IFN)-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot after in vitro sensitization and
      were, either transient during the treatment period or delayed, that is, observed
      after completion of all vaccinations. We could not correlate these immune
      responses to clinical data as none of the patients achieved an overall objective
      response according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria.
      Three patients were reported as stable disease and 10 patients presented evidence
      of antitumor activity. We found that TAA-specific T cells characterized in 4
      patients produced perforin ex vivo, but no IFN-gamma in enzyme-linked immunospot.
      Differential expression of IFN-gamma and perforin was also observed for viral
      specific T cells. Altogether, our results show that Lysate-DC therapy elicited
      tumor-specific CD8+ T cells nonlimited to human leukocyte antigen-A2+ patients,
      with some T cells secreting perforin ex vivo and IFN-gamma only after
      restimulation. The differential expression of perforin and IFN-gamma by antitumor
      and antiviral CD8+ T cells supports that the sole use of IFN-gamma production to
      monitor T cells overlooks functional T-cell subpopulations triggered by vaccines.

PMID- 18157018
TI  - Stewart's physicochemical approach in neurosurgical patients with hyperchloremic
      metabolic acidosis during propofol anesthesia.
AB  - There is both in vitro and clinical evidence that high-dose propofol can inhibit
      mitochondrial respiration, resulting in metabolic acidosis. The purpose of this
      study was to evaluate the effects of propofol anesthesia on the acid-base status
      in neurosurgical patients with large amount of normal saline administration.
      Thirty patients undergoing clipping of cerebral aneurysm were randomly assigned
      to receive propofol (n=15) or isoflurane (n=15). Propofol dose (mean+/-standard
      error) infused for maintenance was 5.7+/-0.2 mg/kg/h in propofol group. Acid-base
      parameters such as PaCO2, pH, serum bicarbonate concentration, standard base
      excess, serum electrolyte concentration, total protein, albumin, lactate, and
      phosphate were measured before and 4 hours after the induction of anesthesia, and
      after surgery. The apparent strong ion difference (SIDa), the effective SID
      (SIDe), and the amount of weak plasma acid were calculated using the Stewart
      equation. There were no significant differences in pH, PaCO2, bicarbonate, and
      lactate between 2 groups throughout the whole investigation period. After
      surgery, standard base excess significantly decreased in both groups without
      intergroup difference. SIDa and SIDe significantly decreased in both groups, and
      lactate and strong ion gap significantly increased after surgery in propofol
      group, but there were no significant differences between 2 groups. Both propofol
      and isoflurane were associated with hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in
      neurosurgical patients with large amount of normal saline administration. The
      acid-base balance between the 2 anesthetics was similar using Stewart's
      physicochemical approach.

PMID- 18157019
TI  - The accuracy of jugular bulb venous monitoring in detecting cerebral ischemia in
      awake patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - To investigate the accuracy of jugular bulb venous monitoring in detecting
      cerebral ischemia, we performed ipsilateral jugular bulb venous monitoring in 48
      patients undergoing carotid surgery under regional anesthesia. Cerebral ischemia
      was assumed when neurologic deterioration occurred. During carotid clamping, the
      maximal arterial-jugular venous oxygen content difference [AJDO2 (max)], the
      minimal jugular venous oxygen saturation [SjO2 (min)], the maximal arterial
      jugular venous lactate content difference [AJDL (max)], the maximal lactate
      oxygen index [LOI (max)], and the maximal modified LOI [mLOI (max)] were
      determined. To quantify the selectivity of each parameter, we performed receiver
      operating characteristic analysis and determined the area under the curve. The
      cutoff points providing the highest accuracy and the corresponding sensitivity
      (Se) and specificity (Spec) were determined. Neurologic deterioration occurred in
      12 patients. All parameters, except AJDO2 (max), showed significant ability to
      distinguish between ischemic and nonischemic patients. The area under the curve
      for AJDL (max) was 0.840, for SjO2 (min) 0.766, for LOI 0.745, for mLOI 0.748,
      and for AJDO2 (max) 0.672. We found cutoff points of > or =0.16 mmol/L for AJDL
      (max) (Se=67%; Spec=86%) and < or =55% for SjO2 (Se=75%; Spec=83%). In
      conclusion, the present investigation shows that AJDL, SjO2, LOI, and mLOI
      provide the ability to detect cerebral hypoperfusion. The highest accuracy was
      found for AJDL. Neither the calculation of LOI nor of mLOI showed improved
      results.

PMID- 18157020
TI  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation after craniotomy.
AB  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is reported in neurosurgical
      patients; however, the incidence of DIC after craniotomy procedures is unknown.
      Using a surgical database, we identified 3164 patients who underwent primary
      craniotomy at Mayo Clinic Rochester between January 1, 2000 and December 31,
      2004. Potential cases of DIC in this population were identified using 3 search
      triggers, patients: (1) in whom the diagnosis of DIC was noted on their hospital
      discharge summary, (2) who received red blood cell-free blood products, or (3) in
      whom a blood fibrinogen or d-dimer concentration was assessed. Using criteria
      based on laboratory values, we estimated the incidence of DIC developing within
      72 hours of primary craniotomy to be between 13 and 44 per 10,000 patients.
      Despite a low incidence of DIC, the associated mortality rate was 43% to 75%.
      Traumatic head injury was a significant risk factor for the development of DIC
      [odds ratio of trauma was in the range of 16 (95% confidence interval (CI)=5.3
      49) to 29 (CI=4.0-204)]. Autologous salvaged blood was administered
      intraoperatively to 44 patients, and 1 of these developed DIC. Although this
      small sample of patients receiving salvaged blood requires caution in
      interpreting the results, the risk of DIC seemed to be greater with salvaged
      blood than without [odds ratio 24 (CI=2.5-237)]. In children, 2 of 3 patients who
      developed DIC had congenital malformations of the brain. Findings from this study
      suggest that DIC is rare after craniotomy, but is often associated with
      mortality.

PMID- 18157021
TI  - Isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis in the developing brain of nonhypoglycemic
      mice.
AB  - Drugs that suppress neuronal activity, including general anesthetics used in
      pediatric and obstetric medicine, trigger neuroapoptosis in the developing rodent
      brain. Exposure of infant rats for 6 hours to a combination of anesthetic drugs
      (midazolam, nitrous oxide, isoflurane) reportedly causes widespread apoptotic
      neurodegeneration, followed by lifelong cognitive deficits. Isoflurane, the
      dominant ingredient in this triple cocktail, has not been evaluated individually
      for apoptogenic potential. It was recently reported that (1) the minimum alveolar
      concentration (MAC) for anesthetizing infant mice with isoflurane is 2.26%, and;
      (2) that infant mice, without assisted respiration, maintain normal arterial
      oxygen values but become hypoglycemic when exposed to isoflurane 3% for 30
      minutes, then 1.8% for 1 hour (1.46 MAC-hours). In the present experiments,
      infant mice were exposed to isoflurane at various sub-MAC concentrations and
      durations, and the brains were evaluated quantitatively 5 hours after initiation
      of anesthesia exposure to determine the number of neuronal profiles undergoing
      apoptosis. Blood glucose values were also determined under each of these
      conditions. All conditions tested (isoflurane at 0.75% for 4 h, 1.5% for 2 h,
      2.0% for 1 h) triggered a statistically significant increase in neuroapoptosis
      compared with the rate of spontaneous apoptosis in littermate controls. Blood
      glucose determinations ruled out hypoglycemia as a potential cause of the brain
      damage. It is concluded that exposure to sub-MAC concentrations of isoflurane for
      one or more hours triggers neuroapoptosis in the infant mouse brain. These
      findings are consistent with other recent evidence demonstrating that brief
      exposure to ethanol, ketamine, or midazolam triggers neuroapoptosis in the
      developing mouse brain.

PMID- 18157022
TI  - Vagus nerve stimulation therapy for seizures.
AB  - Of the 3 million patients with seizures in North America approximately 70% have
      effective seizure control with medications. In the group refractory to medical
      treatment only a minority fit the criteria for surgical therapy. Vagus nerve
      stimulation therapy seems to be a suitable nonpharmacologic therapy for reducing
      seizure frequency in these cases. It is a simple device with 2 electrodes and an
      anchor loop implanted on the midcervical portion of left vagus nerve and the
      impulse generator is implanted subcutaneously in the left infraclavicular region.
      The left vagus is the preferred site as the right vagus innervates the sinoatrial
      node and influences the heart rate. Data from laboratory studies suggest that it
      most probably works by increasing the release of norepinephrine in the locus
      ceruleus, which in turn increases the seizure threshold. More than 32,000 devices
      have been implanted since it was approved in 1997. There is class I evidence that
      vagus nerve stimulator reduces the frequency of seizures. In addition it also
      elevates the patients' mood-independent of seizure control. In one of the studies
      50% reduction in seizure frequency was 37% in the first year and 44% in the
      second and third year. The side effects commonly reported are constriction in the
      throat, change in voice, and throat pain which most patients are able to tolerate
      and continue the use of the device. In conclusion VNS seems to be an effective
      nonpharmacologic therapy for medically refractory partial onset seizures.

PMID- 18157023
TI  - Perioperative events during deep brain stimulation: the experience at cleveland
      clinic.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the basal ganglia is an evolving
      technique for managing intractable movement disorders such as those due to
      Parkinson disease. We conducted a retrospective review of the DBS procedures that
      have been performed at our institution to determine the frequency and types
      complications that occurred. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval,
      258 procedures involving 250 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate
      analysis using the chi test for the categorical variables and a t-test for the
      continuous variables was performed on patients with and without complications to
      determine potential risk factors. RESULTS: The most common anesthesia technique
      used for DBS procedures was monitored anesthesia care using a propofol infusion
      during the early part of the case. Airway, respiratory, neurologic, and
      psychologic/psychiatric complications occurred. Age was found to be an
      independent risk factor for complications during DBS. CONCLUSION: This
      retrospective study demonstrates that age is an independent risk factor for
      complications during DBS procedures. Monitored anesthesia care using propofol
      seems to be a safe technique for DBS procedures; however, dexmedetomidine can
      also be used.

PMID- 18157024
TI  - Human cerebral blood volume (CBV) measured by dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI
      and 99mTc-RBC SPECT.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients with elevated intracranial pressure risk compromising their
      cerebral blood flow, resulting in ischemia. Lowering of the raised intracranial
      pressure, is therefore, mandatory. Reduction of the cerebral blood volume (CBV)
      might be target. In finding ways to do so, one has to be able to measure CBV.
      Measurement of CBV is, however, difficult. Radio(99mTc-)labeled erythrocytes
      (99mTcRBC) single photon emission computer-aided tomography (SPECT) is one
      established method used for CBV measurement. Recently, dynamic susceptibility
      contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has also been successfully used
      for this purpose. The aim of this study was to validate the use of DSC-MRI for
      the measurement of CBV by the investigation of the correlation between the
      regional distributions of 99mTc-RBC SPECT and DSC-MRI measurement of CBV in
      humans. If possible, the aim was also to find a conversion constant that will
      enable the DCS-MRI to be interpreted as CBV (percent of brain volume). METHODS:
      CBV of 8 volunteers were studied under normocapnic and hypocapnic conditions. CBV
      was measured with both 99mTc-RBC SPECT and DSC-MRI. RESULTS: There were
      significant correlations between the regional distributions of CBV measured by
      99mTc-RBC SPECT and DSC-MRI (rest: F=4.53, P<0.05; hypocapnia: F=9.61, P<0.005).
      The derived conversion factor between DSC-MRI voxel values and 99mTc-RBC SPECT
      CBV (percent of brain volume) at rest was 0.0059+/-0.0013. Global CBV during
      normocapnia was 4.3%+/-0.6% of brain volume as measured by SPECT of brain volume
      and 4.5%+/-0.9% as measured by MRI. Decreasing the end-tidal pCO2 by 1.8 kPa by
      spontaneous hyperventilation reduced the global CBV significantly to 3.9%+/-0.5%
      in the SPECT group and to 3.5%+/-0.6% in the MRI group. CONCLUSIONS: The
      comparison of 99mTc-RBC SPECT and DSC-MRI measurements in our study indicates
      that DSC-MRI can be a useful method to measure CBV as a percent of brain volume.

PMID- 18157025
TI  - Perioperative complications of blood brain barrier disruption under general
      anesthesia: a retrospective review.
AB  - Blood brain barrier disruption enhances drug delivery in primary central nervous
      system lymphoma. In this study, we report adverse events that were encountered
      intraoperatively and in the postoperative period in these patients. A
      retrospective analysis of 17 patients documenting demographic data, preprocedure
      medical history, intraoperative, and postoperative anesthetic complications was
      conducted between January 2002 and December 2004. Seventeen patients underwent
      210 treatments under general anesthesia with a mean of 12.4+/-7.2 treatments per
      patient. Focal seizures occurred in 13% of patients. Generalized motor seizures
      occurred in 4 treatment sessions in 2 different patients. The incidence of
      seizures was significantly higher when the internal carotid artery was used for
      injection, as opposed to the vertebral artery (20.8% and 6.02%, respectively,
      P=0.0034). Tachycardia associated with ST segment depression occurred 9 times
      (4.3%) in 3 patients. One patient had significant ST segment elevation (more than
      1.5 mm). Transient cerebral vasospasm after methotrexate injection occurred in 9%
      of patients. Postoperative nausea and vomiting were observed in 11.9% of
      patients. After emergence, lethargy and obtundation occurred in 7.6% of the
      cases. The incidence of postoperative headache and reversible motor deficits was
      6% and 3.8%, respectively. Our review highlights the problems that were
      encountered during blood brain barrier disruption under anesthesia and in the
      postoperative period. Further prospective studies are required for comprehensive
      evaluation of intraprocedure and postprocedure complications that will allow
      development of an optimal anesthetic plan and will improve patient outcome by
      preventing potential complications.

PMID- 18157026
TI  - Epidural blood patch for severe postoperative intracranial hypotension.
AB  - Brain sag is a rare but serious postoperative complication after craniotomy. It
      is a clinical entity that refers to severe cerebrospinal fluid hypovolemia
      causing acute neurologic decompensation and obtundation. The established
      treatment is trendelenberg positioning. We present 3 cases of severe brain sag in
      which patients developed acute neurologic deterioration unresponsive to
      conventional treatment. An epidural blood patch was performed emergently to
      prevent further neurologic decline. The administration of epidural blood patch
      resulted in immediate and dramatic reversal of obtundation in each of these
      patients. Epidural blood patch may be a life-saving intervention in
      postcraniotomy patients presenting with refractory brain sag. It should be
      offered in patients who meet the criteria for brain sag and are unresponsive to
      conventional treatment modalities, despite the clinical presentation of
      herniation and coma.

PMID- 18157030
TI  - Intraoperative metabolic acidosis induced by chronic topiramate intake in
      neurosurgical patients.

PMID- 18157031
TI  - An unusual arterial waveform.

PMID- 18157032
TI  - Neck hematoma causing acute airway and hemodynamic compromise after anterior
      cervical spine surgery.

PMID- 18157033
TI  - Tramadol and severe hypertension during anesthesia.

PMID- 18157034
TI  - Conjunctival edema and head position after prone spinal surgery.

PMID- 18157035
TI  - Balloon dissection: an unusual source of venous air embolism during brain
      surgery.

PMID- 18157036
TI  - Intractable hypotension and bradycardia during surgical positioning in
      atlantoaxial dislocation.

PMID- 18157037
TI  - Major trauma with multiple injuries in German children: a retrospective review.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographics, mechanisms,
      pattern, injury severity, and the outcome (ie, length of intensive care unit
      [ICU] stay, length of mechanical ventilation, total length of stay, mortality) in
      multiple-injured children based on a review from the German trauma registry study
      ("Traumaregister") of the German Society of Trauma Surgery (Deutsche Gesellschaft
      fur Unfallchirurgie e.V.). METHODS: One hundred three German trauma centers took
      part in the German trauma registry study from January 1997 to December 2003. Five
      hundred seventeen children (aged 0-15 years) with multiple injuries and an Injury
      Severity Score of more than 15 in comparison to 11,025 adults were included. Sex,
      age, and mechanisms and pattern of injury were assessed. The mechanisms of trauma
      and the anatomical distribution of severe injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale of 3
      or more) were analyzed. The Injury Severity Score, the Revised Trauma Score, and
      the Trauma Score Injury Severity Score were calculated to estimate the severity
      of injury and mortality. RESULTS: The predominant sex was male. Most cases were
      caused by traffic-related accidents. Head injuries were most common in children,
      and severe thoracic injuries increased with age. Mean length of ICU treatment,
      mechanical ventilation, and total length of stay were shorter in children than in
      adults. A total of 22.6% of the children aged 0 to 5 years died in the hospital
      in comparison with in-hospital mortality rate of 13.7% in the 6- to 10-, 20.3% in
      the 11- to 15-, and 17.0% in the 16- to 55-year-old patients. CONCLUSIONS: There
      were differences between multiple-injured children and adults concerning injury
      mechanisms and pattern of injuries. Adults needed a longer mechanical ventilation
      and a longer ICU therapy. Most deaths could be seen in the youngest patients aged
      0 to 5 years.

PMID- 18157038
TI  - Locking plate fixation for pediatric femur fractures.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The use of locking plates for pediatric femur fractures has not been
      studied. Locking plate applications for fractures associated with comminution,
      osteopenia, or minimal bone available for purchase have been well studied in the
      adult trauma population. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of children
      at our institution treated with a locking plate for a femur fracture. We
      identified 32 patients treated at an average age of 11 years (6-15 years of age).
      Locking plates were chosen for comminution in 13 patients, nonmalignant
      pathologic fracture in 9 patients, fracture location in 7 patients, and
      osteopenia in 3 patients. All patients were treated with a locking plate and
      followed up until definitive radiologic union. RESULTS: There were no
      intraoperative complications related to this technology. All patients were healed
      with near-anatomic alignment with the exception of 1 patient who had valgus
      malalignment of 12 degrees, which was of no clinical concern and required no
      intervention. Seven patients had the plates removed with no noted complications.
      CONCLUSIONS: Locking plates are a safe and effective treatment for children and
      adolescents with femur fractures that may not be amenable to other current means
      of stabilization.

PMID- 18157039
TI  - Remodeling of birth fractures of the humeral diaphysis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Birth fractures of the humeral diaphysis are encountered at most
      pediatric medical centers and pediatric orthopaedic practices. The treatment
      strategy of these fractures is uniformly nonoperative. However, we have not found
      sufficient studies in the literature demonstrating the extent to which remodeling
      is possible and therefore how much deformity is acceptable in the treatment of
      these fractures. METHODS: We reviewed the records of our institution's
      Orthopaedic Surgery Clinic and identified all children seen for birth fractures
      of the humerus from 2001 to 2005. The angulation and displacement at presentation
      and at follow-up were measured. RESULTS: All patients were treated
      nonoperatively, and most were managed by swaddling. In 9 patients with more than
      4 months of radiographic follow-up, the mean initial angulation was 26 degrees in
      the coronal plane and 25 degrees in the sagittal plane. The mean angulation at
      final follow-up was 5 degrees in the coronal plane and 7 degrees in the sagittal
      plane. The maximum angulation at presentation was 66 degrees, which remodeled to
      5 degrees at 7.3 months' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that
      attempts to obtain an anatomical reduction or the use of more than the simplest
      immobilization methods are not necessary given the tremendous capacity for
      remodeling of these fractures in infants.

PMID- 18157040
TI  - Elastic stable intramedullary nailing in pediatric femur and lower leg shaft
      fractures: intraoperative radiation load.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) is currently the therapy
      of choice in unstable, transverse and short oblique femoral and tibial-fibular
      shaft fractures in childhood and adolescence. As with every intramedullary
      technique, it requires a greater intraoperative reliance on radiological imaging.
      Literature concerning intraoperative radiation load in ESIN is rare, results
      having a wide range from less than 1 minute to more than 15 minutes. METHODS: We
      performed a retrospective analysis of 53 femoral and 24 tibial shaft fractures.
      In addition, image intensifier times of several steps of the operative procedure
      in 10 femoral shaft fractures were evaluated prospectively. RESULTS: The average
      radiation time in femoral fractures was 70.3 (range, 12-193) seconds, in tibial
      shaft fractures, 42.4 (range, 16-108) seconds. The prospective analysis of femur
      shaft fractures was able to show the most intense use of imaging during fracture
      passage (43.2%) and placement of the nail tips (26.6%). Image intensifier times
      in educational operations were not significantly higher than in operations
      performed by experienced surgeons. CONCLUSIONS: The actual intraoperative
      radiation load is influenced by bone mass and soft tissue coverage. Surgeons are
      able to reduce it only by decreasing the fluoroscopy time. According to our
      results, image intensifier time should not exceed 3 minutes in ESIN of femoral
      shaft fractures and 2 minutes in ESIN of lower-leg fractures. Low intraoperative
      radiation times are a mark of quality with respect to the interests of patients,
      surgeons, and operation theater staff.

PMID- 18157041
TI  - Femural shaft fracture in a newborn infant treated with axial external fixator: a
      case report.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The authors present a case of femural shaft fracture inanewborn
      infant treated with axial external fixator. METHODS: The patient presented at the
      time of birth with a lumbar myelomeningocele and right femural shaft fracture.
      The common methods of treatment cannot be used, so 24 hours after birth before
      neurosurgery, we applied a Mini Penning Orthofix External Fixator for fracture
      stabilization. RESULTS: The external fixator was maintained for 30 days and
      removed after taking a radiograph that showed fracture healing. At the last
      follow-up (2 years), the patient did not present axial or torsional defects of
      right lower limb. CONCLUSIONS: External fixation is not a traditional method for
      treatment of femural shaft fractures in patients younger than 6 years, but we
      think that in some cases, when traditional methods (splinting, cast, Pavlik
      harness) cannot be used, an external fixator is also a good option in patients
      younger than 2 years and in newborn infants.

PMID- 18157042
TI  - Musculoskeletal manifestations in pediatric acute leukemia.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In children, acute leukemia (AL) at presentation can mimic several
      orthopaedic pathologies, so that a variable delay of the correct diagnosis is
      often reported. METHODS: To define more clearly the clinical and radiological
      musculoskeletal manifestations of leukemia in children, 122 affected children
      referred from 1984 to 1999 to our Pediatric Onco-Hematologic Clinic were
      retrospectively reviewed. Average age at diagnosis was 6.6 years (from 7 months
      to 17 years). Seventy-three (60%) were boys and adolescent boys, 49 (40%) were
      girls and adolescent girls. One hundred two (83.6%) had acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia, 20 (16.4%) had acute myeloid leukemia. The mean follow-up was 8.2 years
      for the 104 survivors and 2.5 years for the 18 nonsurvivors. The chi2 test was
      used to perform the statistical analyses. RESULTS: At presentation, complaints
      related to the musculoskeletal system were frequent (38.3%), including pain
      (34.4%), functional impairment (22.9%), limping (12.3%), swelling (10.6%), and
      joint effusion (5.7%). At presentation, 40.2% of children had at least 1
      radiographic abnormality. In order, they were osteolysis (13.1%), metaphyseal
      bands (9.8%), osteopenia (9%), osteosclerosis (7.4%), permeative pattern (5.7%),
      pathological fractures (5.7%), periosteal reactions (4.1%), and mixed lysis
      sclerosis lesions (2.5%). Different from previous reports, late radiographic
      lesions were uncommon (5.7%), probably because of milder newer medication
      protocols. They included avascular necrosis (3.3%), vertebral collapses (1.6%),
      and osteolysis (0.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Both clinical and radiological changes had
      various and no uniform localization. Poor correlation was found between symptoms
      and radiological lesions. Survival rates in children with AL were 95.8% at 1
      year, 89.6% at 3 years, 85.8% at 5 years, and 83.4% at 10 and at 13 years.
      Radiographic abnormalities (P = 0.400), type of leukemia (P = 0.291), sex (P =
      0.245), and white blood cell count at presentation (P = 0.877) were not
      prognostic factors. The presence of multiple bone lesions did not affect the
      survival rate (P=0.632). As early diagnosis significantly decreases morbidity and
      mortality of AL, the orthopaedist should suspect AL in any child with unexplained
      persistent skeletal pain or radiographic alterations. Accurate history, general
      physical examination, and complete blood cell count tests should address the
      suspicion, which is confirmed by a peripheral and/or iliac crest bone marrow
      biopsy.

PMID- 18157043
TI  - Incidence of biopsy-proven bone tumors in children: a report based on the Dutch
      pathology registration "PALGA".
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Data on childhood bone tumors are mainly confined to reports on
      malignant tumors or on institutional registries. Incidence figures on both benign
      and malignant bone tumors in childhood are lacking. METHODS: From January 1999 to
      December 2003, 1474 newly diagnosed bone tumors in children up to 18 years were
      registered in Pathologisch Anatomisch Landelijk Geautomatiseerd Archief (the
      nationwide network and registry of histopathology and cytopathology in The
      Netherlands). Data provided were diagnosis, date of birth, age at diagnosis, and
      localization. For incidence calculations, data on age and sex in each year of
      investigation were obtained from the StatLine database of Statistics Netherlands
      (www.cbs.nl). RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of pathology-proven bone tumors in
      children is low. Incidence of pathology-proven bone tumors in The Netherlands is
      79.3 per 1,000,000. From the very first year of life, incidence increases from
      3.9 per 1,000,000 to a peak at 13 to 15 years of 142.9 per 1,000,000.
      Osteochondromas are the most prevalent tumors, followed by aneurysmal bone cysts.
      The overall incidence is higher for male compared with female patients, mainly
      due to different frequencies found in aneurysmal bone cysts, Ewing sarcoma, and
      osteochondroma. Shifts in incidence differ among the various tumors. In infants,
      bone tumors are mainly chondromas and fibrous dysplasia, which both show a steady
      increase at older ages. Tumors most prevalent at older ages are osteochondromas,
      osteosarcomas, osteoid osteomas, and chondromas. A peak incidence at
      approximately the age of 10 is noted for solitary bone cysts, nonossifying
      fibromas, and osteoblastomas. Small children more often have localizations in the
      skull and facial bones. Comparison with literature data showed significant
      differences due to referral-based institutionally bias, whereas tumor registries
      only give data for specific tumor types.

PMID- 18157044
TI  - Transarticular stabilization of the immature femoral head: assessment of a novel
      surgical approach to the dislocating pediatric hip in a porcine model.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Acetabular dysplasia and hip instability are common in neuromuscular
      diseases such as spina bifida and cerebral palsy due to deranged muscle function
      around the hip. Occasionally in developmental dysplasia of the hip, persistent
      instability may be difficult to manage by standard treatments. It is in these
      contexts that we wished to investigate whether a dislocatable hip could be
      stabilized by means of a transarticular suture acting as a reconstructed
      ligamentum teres. The aim of this study was to investigate and assess the
      iatrogenic damage caused by such a procedure on the immature proximal femoral
      physis, epiphysis, and hip joint. METHODS: Four- to 6-week-old mixed breed
      European pigs (n = 18) were used in the study. Six animals with normal hips
      underwent the stabilization procedure to the right hip joint, the left hips
      serving as controls. The remaining 12 pigs were subjected to a model of hip
      dysplasia on the right hip. After 6 weeks, the dysplasia stimulus was removed,
      and half of the animals underwent the hip stabilization procedure, the remaining
      6 animals served as a control for "untreated dysplasia." Animals underwent serial
      pelvic radiography until euthanasia at 18 weeks of age. Postoperative,
      morphometric, radiographic, and histological analyses were performed. RESULTS:
      The dysplasia model consistently produced an increase in the acetabular index,
      femoral head subluxation, and growth retardation of the capital epiphysis. We
      observed no detrimental effect on the capital ossific nucleus, proximal femoral
      physis, or acetabular development in terms of radiographic, morphometric, or
      histological findings after the transarticular suture procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The
      surgical technique of drilling across the immature porcine hip did not result in
      avascular necrosis of the femoral head, osseous bar formation across the proximal
      femoral physis, proximal femoral metaphyseal growth disturbance, chondrolysis, or
      disturbance in normal acetabular development. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The described
      technique may be a useful augment to the definitive stabilization of the
      recalcitrant dysplastic or unstable hip where standard operative measures alone
      are likely to be unsuccessful.

PMID- 18157045
TI  - Simultaneous biplanar fluoroscopy for the surgical treatment of slipped capital
      femoral epiphysis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The current standard of care for treatment of slipped capital femoral
      epiphysis (SCFE) is in situ placement of a single, cannulated screw across the
      physis under direct fluoroscopic guidance. Previous studies have reported the
      theoretical advantages of shorter operative time and improved accuracy of screw
      placement when 2 fluoroscopy units are used simultaneously. METHODS: A
      retrospective review was performed to compare the use of 1 versus 2 C-arms in the
      surgical stabilization of SCFE. Data analysis, including demographics, surgical
      setup times, operative times, and precision of screw placement was performed in
      77 consecutive hips (69 patients). RESULTS: No significant differences were found
      between the single and dual C-arm techniques with respect to operating room setup
      and surgery times. Center-center positioning of the screw was more precise when
      using the simultaneous dual C-arm technique. Surgical times were longer in obese
      children, irrespective of the number of C-arms used. CONCLUSIONS: Efficient
      operating room setup time for the dual C-arm technique is possible. Precision of
      screw placement is improved when using simultaneous biplanar fluoroscopy for the
      in situ pinning of SCFE.

PMID- 18157046
TI  - Biomechanical comparison of fully and partially threaded screws for fixation of
      slipped capital femoral epiphysis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Previous data have shown that an equal number of threads on each side
      of the physis maximizes stability for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
      fixation. The purpose of the current study was to determine if a fully threaded
      cancellous screw provides greater stability compared with a partially threaded
      screw in a porcine model. METHODS: Twenty skeletally immature porcine femurs were
      sectioned, and a 30-degree angular wedge was resected from the femoral neck to
      simulate SCFE. Femora were randomly assigned to partially threaded (16 mm) or
      fully threaded screw groups (n = 10/group). Kirschner wires were inserted in a
      retrograde fashion to stabilize the proximal fragment. Each 7.3-mm-diameter screw
      was placed using fluoroscopic guidance to obtain 3 threads crossing the physis.
      Specimens were fixed in custom fixation rigs, and the epiphyseal fragment was
      loaded at 0.5 mm/s in a posterior-inferior direction to simulate slip
      progression. Data for displacement (in millimeters) and force (in newtons) were
      collected for the entire test. Forces at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm of fragment
      displacement were compared between groups using a 1-way analysis of variance (p <
      0.05). RESULTS: Increasing epiphyseal displacements were associated with
      incremental increases in loading. There were no significant differences between
      fully threaded or partially threaded screws for loads at each displacement. Each
      stepwise increase in displacement was associated with approximately 325 N of
      force. CONCLUSION: There was no biomechanical benefit when using a fully threaded
      screw for stabilization of an in vitro SCFE model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although
      there were no differences between screw types in an in vitro model, bone healing
      around the fully threaded screw may eventually provide greater stability. The use
      of fully threaded screw remains a reasonable option in the treatment of SCFE, and
      implant removal may be easier with such a system. Further studies are warranted
      to verify these 2 points.

PMID- 18157047
TI  - Ultrasound evaluation of clubfoot correction during Ponseti treatment: a
      preliminary report.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The Ponseti method of manipulation is widely used in the treatment of
      clubfoot. Monitoring of correction is usually based on clinical judgment, and
      there is a need for an objective method of evaluation. The small bones of the
      newborn foot are essentially cartilaginous and can be visualized well on
      sonography as against radiographs. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on
      32 clubfeet (26 subjects; age range, 12 days to 3 months) using ultrasound.
      Sonography was performed using the coronal medial projection at the start of
      treatment, when midfoot Pirani score was zero (foot fully abducted), and at the
      end of treatment. The medial malleolus to navicular distance and the talo
      cuneiform angle were measured with foot position at rest and during the simulated
      Ponseti maneuver. The normal feet in unilateral cases served as controls.
      RESULTS: With the Ponseti method of manipulation, there was a significant
      increase in the medial malleolus to navicular distance and improvement in the
      talo-cuneiform angle at the end of treatment, when compared with the pretreatment
      values (P < 0.001). All feet were clinically well corrected. However, 5 feet
      (15%) showed a "spurious correction," which was only detected on ultrasound. This
      was identified by the fact that the navicular was not fully reduced over the head
      of the talus, and there was a break in the naviculo-cuneiform joint. It was
      difficult to predict which feet were likely to develop a spurious correction,
      although the 5 feet in our study were stiffer, more severely deformed, and showed
      less correction on initial manipulation as compared with the feet that corrected
      well. CONCLUSIONS: Clubfoot correction during serial manipulation can be
      monitored using sonography. An accurate realignment of the talo-navicular joint
      can be demonstrated, and presence of spurious correction can be detected early.

PMID- 18157048
TI  - The 3-dimensional configuration of the typical foot and ankle in diastrophic
      dysplasia.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Surgical correction of the foot and ankle in patients with
      diastrophic dysplasia is extremely difficult secondary to the markedly distorted
      pathoanatomy. Several authors have described superficially some of the clinical
      and radiographic findings typical of the foot and ankle with diastrophic
      dysplasia; however, no description of the specific osseous deformities has been
      described in the literature. The purpose of this article was to provide such a
      model, detailing the nature of deformity of each of the bones and joints in the
      foot and ankle and their relationship to each other from a pathoanatomical
      standpoint. METHODS: A 3-dimensional sculpted model and detailed drawings were
      developed based on radiographs, computed tomography reconstructions, and direct
      observation both in and out of surgery. Fifty-three patients representing 106
      feet formed the basis of this analysis (age, 3 days to 32 years). An additional
      12 feet of the senior author's cases provided further confirmation of these
      deformities. RESULTS: Superficially, the apparent deformity most closely
      resembles a Z-type foot or serpentine foot. The overall deformity bears no true
      resemblance to the idiopathic clubfoot. Typically, the hindfoot is in severe
      equinus with the subtalar joint being deformed into valgus and moving more
      posteriorly. In contrast to the idiopathic clubfoot, the navicular was markedly
      angulated laterally on the talus. The medial cuneiform was deviated medially on
      the navicular articulation. The forefoot was foreshortened and in marked varus
      positioning with varus of the entire metatarsals. The second to fifth metatarsals
      bend and curve near their bases as they tilt toward the first metatarsal.
      CONCLUSION: The disturbed pathoanatomy of the diastrophic dysplasia foot and
      ankle reflects the difficulties in achieving any substantial surgical correction
      without customization. Surgical management of the foot and ankle in diastrophic
      dysplasia must be individualized and based on a clear understanding of the unique
      segmental malalignment of the foot and ankle.

PMID- 18157049
TI  - The Akron dome midfoot osteotomy as a salvage procedure for the treatment of
      rigid pes cavus: a retrospective review.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: In the early 1970s, the Akron dome osteotomy was developed as a
      salvage surgical option to manage rigid cavus deformity of the foot. This study
      represents an updated review of surgical cases between 1972 and 2001 constituting
      89 patients representing 139 feet who were followed at least 2 years after the
      index operative procedure. Only cases achieving an unsatisfactory result followed
      less than 2 years were included. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of cases
      (all operated by D.S.W.) was conducted by clinical examination and chart review
      of all 89 cases representing 139 feet. RESULTS: A satisfactory result was
      considered pain-free, at least 75% plantigrade foot in contact with the floor
      without abnormal symptomatic pressure areas, free of any significant deformity
      requiring surgical management. A satisfactory result was obtained in 106 (76%)
      and unsatisfactory result in 33 feet (24%). When separating the patients into
      those younger than 8 years and those older than 8 years, 67% of the patients
      younger than 8 years had a satisfactory result, and 82% older than 8 years had a
      satisfactory result. No significant complications were encountered. Because the
      surgery is located at the apex of the deformity in frontal, lateral, and plantar
      planes at the confluence of the longitudinal and transverse arches, multiplanar
      surgical correction was obtained in all cases at the time of the initial surgery.
      Currently, the most common causes of cavus deformity seen in our series were the
      sequelae of idiopathic talipes equinus varus clubfoot, congenital metatarsus
      varus, and assorted neuromuscular disorders, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth
      disease, cerebral palsy, and arthrogryposis. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of this
      review, the Akron dome midfoot osteotomy is a very valuable salvage procedure in
      the management of the rigid cavus deformity in children.

PMID- 18157050
TI  - The results of tenodermodesis for severe chronic mallet finger deformity in
      children.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The treatment of soft-tissue mallet fingers in children can be
      challenging because of delays in diagnosis and noncompliance with extension
      splinting or casting. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the results
      of tenodermodesis for the treatment of chronic soft-tissue mallet fingers in
      children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 10 patients younger than 18 years
      was performed. All had extensor lag greater than 45 degrees, absent active distal
      interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) extension, and full passive DIPJ motion. All
      patients had failed trails of nonoperative treatment. Tenodermodesis was
      performed using established techniques with 4 to 6 weeks of postoperative DIPJ
      immobilization. Patients were evaluated for active and passive DIPJ motion,
      deformity, pain, limitations in activities of daily living, and the need for
      additional treatment. Average age at the time of surgery was 7.4 years (range,
      1.4-17.8 years). RESULTS: At average 6.5-year follow-up (range, 1-12.8 years),
      all patients demonstrated restoration of active DIPJ extension and improvements
      in extensor lag. Two patients (20%) achieved full active DIPJ extension, whereas
      8 patients (80%) had persistent extensor lag of 20 degrees or less. Seven
      patients (70%) maintained full active DIPJ flexion. Eight (80%) of the 10
      patients reported full return to activities with no limitations. No patients
      required additional surgical treatment for their mallet fingers. CONCLUSIONS:
      Tenodermodesis is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of severe
      chronic soft-tissue mallet finger deformities in children. Although patients and
      families should be advised of mild persistent extensor lag and limitations in
      DIPJ motion, active DIPJ extension and improved clinical appearance can be
      achieved with this procedure.

PMID- 18157051
TI  - The lengthening of short upper extremity amputation stumps.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Short upper extremity amputation stumps are difficult to fit with an
      appropriate-level prosthesis. Fitting at a more proximal level generally results
      in decreased function. Options in the past have included stump and prosthetic
      modification, both of which provide limited improvement in function. Anecdotal
      reports of lengthening short amputation stumps have been published. This article
      reviews our experience with lengthening short upper extremity amputation stumps
      in children. METHODS: All patients who underwent an upper extremity stump
      lengthening at Shriners Hospital Los Angeles with at least 1-year follow-up were
      included. Charts and radiographs were retrospectively reviewed and prosthetic use
      preoperatively and postoperatively, complications, and additional procedures were
      documented. Stump length was measured on radiographs as the length between the
      proximal flexion crease and the tip of the bone. RESULTS: Eleven patients with 14
      amputation stumps underwent lengthening. Mean stump length increase was 264% (4
      cm). Nine patients desired prosthetic fitting; all except 1 were able to be fit
      with an appropriate-level prosthesis. Two of the 9 patients reported only using
      the prosthesis on rare occasions. The 2 remaining patients underwent lengthening
      to improve function but did not desire a prosthesis preoperatively. CONCLUSIONS:
      Lengthening is a viable but controversial option for very short upper extremity
      amputation stumps and may result in better function and/or more appropriate
      prosthetic fitting. Complications and additional procedures are common. Soft
      tissue coverage seems to be the main limiting factor to lengthening.

PMID- 18157052
TI  - Upper limb function after intrathecal baclofen treatment in children with
      cerebral palsy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The literature shows that intrathecal baclofen (ITB) treatment in
      patients with cerebral palsy (CP) is able to reduce spasticity. The purpose of
      this work is to evaluate the motor function of the upper limbs in patients with
      CP treated with ITB. METHODS: A consecutive series of 20 patients with spastic CP
      (mean age at implant, 11.4 years) implanted with pumps in our center was studied.
      These patients were classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification
      System. The patients were followed up over a 12-month period for assessment of
      the upper limb function with the Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb
      Function scale. RESULTS: The data show a reduction of upper limb spasticity in
      all 20 patients (P < 0.05). The Melbourne scale shows a statistically significant
      improvement of the total score (P < 0.05) and an improvement of the subskills of
      range of movement, target accuracy, and fluency. Twenty-five percent of patients
      showed a clinically significant improvement. CONCLUSION: The subjects with CP of
      different degrees of severity had an improvement in the quality of the upper limb
      function and showed overall satisfaction with the results achieved. The study
      also shows the importance of evaluating the quality of upper limb function in
      children with CP treated with ITB therapy.

PMID- 18157053
TI  - Pediatric outcomes data collection instrument scores in ambulatory children with
      cerebral palsy: an analysis by age groups and severity level.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) was
      developed in 1994 as a patient-based tool for use across a broad age range and
      wide array of musculoskeletal disorders, including children with cerebral palsy
      (CP). The purpose of this study was to establish means and SDs of the Parent
      PODCI measures by age groups and Gross Motor Function Classification System
      (GMFCS) levels for ambulatory children with CP. METHODS: This instrument was one
      of several studied in a prospective, multicenter project of ambulatory patients
      with CP between the aged 4 and 18 years and GMFCS levels I through III.
      Participants included 338 boys and 221 girls at a mean age of 11.1 years, with
      370 diplegic, 162 hemiplegic, and 27 quadriplegic. Both baseline and follow-up
      data sets of the completed Parent PODCI responses were statistically analyzed.
      RESULTS: Age was identified as a significant predictor of the PODCI measures of
      Upper Extremity Function, Transfers and Basic Mobility, Global Function, and
      Happiness With Physical Condition. Gross Motor Function Classification System
      levels was a significant predictor of Transfers and Basic Mobility, Sports and
      Physical Function, and Global Function. Pattern of involvement, sex, and prior
      orthopaedic surgery were not statistically significant predictors for any of the
      Parent PODCI measures. Mean and SD scores were calculated for age groups
      stratified by GMFCS levels. Analysis of the follow-up data set validated the
      findings derived from the baseline data. Linear regression equations were
      derived, with age as a continuous variable and GMFCS levels as a categorical
      variable, to be used for Parent PODCI predicted scores. CONCLUSIONS: The results
      of this study provide clinicians and researchers with a set of Parent PODCI
      values for comparison to age- and severity-matched populations of ambulatory
      patients with CP.

PMID- 18157054
TI  - Changes in gait velocity, mean knee flexion in stance, body mass index, and
      popliteal angle with age in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to explore changes in body mass index
      (BMI), gait velocity, mean knee flexion in stance, and popliteal angle with age
      in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of
      188 ambulatory children with cerebral palsy Gross Motor Function Classification
      System II or III who had a motion analysis evaluation. Subjects had no previous
      surgical interventions and were between the ages of 4 and 21. Velocity was
      normalized to limb length, and BMI was converted to age-adjusted percentile
      scores (BMI-a). RESULTS: For GMFCS level II children, age and normalized velocity
      demonstrated a moderate and significant relationship (r = -0.4; P = 0.000). Age
      explained 20% of the variance in normalized velocity (P = 0.000). Weak but
      significant relationships were found between mean knee flexion in stance and
      normalized velocity (r = -0.3; P = 0.000) and popliteal angle and age (r = 0.3; P
      < 0.002). For GMFCS level III children, the following variables demonstrated a
      weak but significant association: normalized velocity and BMI-a (r = 0.3; P <
      0.006), popliteal angle, and mean knee flexion in stance (r = 0.3; P < 0.022).
      Age was not associated with velocity, mean knee flexion in stance, BMI-a, or
      popliteal angle. CONCLUSIONS: For GMFCS level II children, as age increases,
      there is a slight decrease in normalized velocity, and with decreasing normalized
      velocity, there is slightly increased mean knee flexion in stance. For GMFCS
      level III children, age was not associated with slower velocities, increased mean
      knee flexion in stance, or increased popliteal angle. Increased BMI-a was not
      associated with slower gait velocities or increased mean knee flexion in stance.
      Increasing BMI-a was not associated with increasing age.

PMID- 18157055
TI  - Diagnostic evaluation using whole-body technetium bone scan in children with
      cerebral palsy and pain.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Pain in noncommunicative children can be difficult to localize and
      diagnose. The purpose of this study is to report our experience using a 3-phase
      whole-body technetium bone scan as a screening tool in identifying the source of
      persistent pain in children with profound disabilities who cannot communicate.
      METHODS: We reviewed the medical and imaging records of 45 patients who met the
      inclusion criteria of the study, which included a diagnosis of spastic
      quadriplegic cerebral palsy with severe motor and cognitive impairment,
      persistent pain of more than 1 week in duration with no recognizable source, and
      a 3-phase whole-body bone scan as part of the pain workup. RESULTS: The study
      group included 26 females and 19 males with an average age at presentation of
      13.5 years (range, 3-20 years). A positive bone scan was seen in 24 patients
      (53%). The diagnosis and the source of pain were identified in all 24 patients
      with a positive bone scan, with the bone scan being instrumental in establishing
      a diagnosis or localization in 22 patients. An orthopaedic diagnosis was not
      established in the 21 other patients with a negative bone scan. Based on the bone
      scan results, additional imaging was obtained at the anatomical location
      indicated. The bone scan was used to establish a diagnosis of fracture in 10 of
      24 patients. Other diagnoses included 3 patients with painful internal hardware,
      2 with sinusitis, 2 with infections, and 1 with an obstructed kidney.
      CONCLUSIONS: Whole-body bone scan is a viable imaging option to identify the
      source of persistent pain in children who are noncommunicative. The bone scan can
      assist in localizing the source of pain and direct the location for further
      imaging as needed.

PMID- 18157056
TI  - Long-term functional outcome after lateral patellar retinacular release in
      adolescents: an observational cohort study with minimum 5-year follow-up.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Lateral patellar retinacular release has been recommended for
      patients with patellar tilt, tight lateral retinaculum, patellar subluxation,
      patellar dislocation, and patellofemoral pain. Studies of long-term outcomes
      after lateral release are limited, especially for differing indications.
      HYPOTHESIS: Adolescents do well after lateral retinacular release in the 5- to 22
      year time frame. METHODS: Patients having undergone lateral retinacular release
      between the years of 1981 and 1999 were contacted. Evaluation was by the
      Cincinnati and Lysholm scales and by level of satisfaction and need for
      reoperation. RESULTS: One hundred forty knees were studied. Mean age at operation
      was 15.4 years (SD, 2.7 years). Average follow-up was 8.5 (SD, 4.1 years; range,
      5.2-22.5 years). Twenty-five patients had needed reoperation, indicating failure
      of the index operation. Kaplan-Meier survivorship was 78% at 15 years. Cincinnati
      and Lysholm scores indicated well-functioning knees in those not requiring
      reoperation. Overall satisfaction improved as time from operation increased.
      Comparisons were made between the group requiring reoperation and those who did
      not. Focus was placed on knees with patellar maltracking or tilt versus patellar
      instability and between males and females. No differences were found among groups
      for reoperation rate, level of satisfaction, average Lysholm score, or average
      Cincinnati score. There were no differences in demographics or outcome measures
      between patients with patellar instability and those with tilt. Instability
      patients trended toward higher reoperation rates than did tilt patients, but the
      difference was not significant. There were no differences between males and
      females. CONCLUSION: The majority of patients are satisfied with their knee 5 to
      22 years after lateral patellar retinacular release and scored well on questions
      rating knee health and function.

PMID- 18157057
TI  - Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome presenting as septic knee arthritis in a 5
      year-old child.
AB  - Group A streptococci, also known as Streptococcus pyogenes, is a common cause of
      infection in the pediatric population. Recently, the incidence of streptococcal
      toxic shock syndrome, a serious and often deadly manifestation of group A
      streptococci infection, has increased. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome often
      presents with complaints of musculoskeletal pain, which frequently leads to early
      involvement of an orthopaedic surgeon. In this case report, we present a 5-year
      old child who presented with a septic arthritis of the knee, whose final
      diagnosis was streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. A review of the literature and
      the aspects of this case report emphasize the emergent nature of streptococcal
      joint infections and the judicious use of orthopaedic intervention in such
      patients.

PMID- 18157058
TI  - Radiological presentations in relation to curve severity in scoliosis associated
      with syringomyelia.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Few radiographic guidelines are available to assist clinicians in
      deciding when to order magnetic resonance imaging in patients with a normal
      history and physical examination. Most of the recent reports on the radiographic
      characteristics of scoliosis are limited by a small number of patients and a
      shortage of large curves. The association between radiological features and the
      severity of scoliosis has little been elaborated. The purpose of this study is to
      further explore the radiological presentations in relation to curve severity in
      scoliosis associated with Chiari malformation and syringomyelia. METHODS: A total
      of 87 children and adolescents were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (10 degrees <
      or = Cobb angle < or = 30 degrees), group 2 (30 degrees < Cobb angle < or = 60
      degrees), and group 3 (Cobb angle > 60 degrees). Curves were classified into
      typical and atypical patterns in the coronal plane, and the sagittal profile was
      measured. Cerebellar tonsillar descent or syrinx patterns in relation to curve
      severity and the frequency of atypical curves were also investigated. RESULTS:
      The frequency of atypical curve patterns from groups 1 to 3 was 46.2%, 45.2%, and
      40.7%, respectively. A total of 65.3% of patients with typical curve patterns had
      atypical features in all of the 3 groups. There was a significant difference of
      kyphotic angle among the 3 groups showing that the larger curves tended to have
      greater thoracic kyphosis. Both the degree of cerebellar tonsillar descent and
      syrinx patterns had no correlation with the curve severity or the frequency of
      atypical curves. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that radiographic presentations
      including atypical curve patterns, atypical features in typical curve patterns,
      and a normal to hyperkyphotic thoracic spine may suggest the need for a
      preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Kyphosis may be indicative of
      progressive scoliosis. There is no evidence to suggest that the degree of
      cerebellar tonsillar descent and syrinx patterns have an effect on the progress
      of scoliosis and the frequency of atypical curves.

PMID- 18157060
TI  - Scientific monogamy: thirty years dancing with the same bug: 2007 Thomas Parran
      Award Lecture.

PMID- 18157061
TI  - From the NIH: proceedings of a workshop on the importance of self-obtained
      vaginal specimens for detection of sexually transmitted infections.
AB  - On June 27, 2006, the NIH conducted a workshop to review published data and
      current field practices supporting the use of self-obtained vaginal swabs (SOVs)
      as specimens for diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The
      workshop also explored the design of studies that could support FDA clearance of
      SOVs for STI testing, particularly for specimens collected in nonclinical
      settings including patients' homes. This report summarizes the workshop findings
      and recommendations. Participants concluded that self-obtained vaginal swabs are
      well accepted by women of all ages and that SOVs perform as well as or better
      than other specimen types for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      detection using transcription-mediated amplification. In addition, workshop
      participants recommended the validation of SOV testing by public health
      practitioners and manufacturers of STI diagnostic tests to expedite incorporation
      of SOVs as a diagnostic option in clinical and nonclinical settings for Chlamydia
      trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae testing. Similarly, SOVs should be explored
      for use in the diagnosis of other sexually transmitted pathogens.

PMID- 18157062
TI  - Assessing neonatal herpes reporting in the United States, 2000-2005.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: We describe neonatal herpes reporting and the number of cases
      reported in states with reporting requirements in the United States, 2000-2005.
      METHODS: A national assessment of neonatal herpes reporting practices was
      conducted using an e-mail and phone query. RESULTS: Neonatal herpes was a
      reportable condition in 9 states in the United States from 2000-2005: CT, MA, FL,
      OH, NE, LA, SD, DE, and WA. There was no standard surveillance case definition in
      5 states and in 4 states there was no specific form for reporting neonatal
      herpes. Few cases were reported in any state (range, 0-13 cases per year). A
      total of 112 cases were reported in these 9 states over 5 years (2000-2004); the
      overall incidence rate was 4 cases/100,000 live births. CONCLUSIONS: Although
      reportable in some states, neonatal herpes is not currently a nationally
      reportable disease. As currently employed by individual states during this time
      frame, neonatal herpes reporting does not appear to be a reliable way to assess
      burden of disease. Development of a standard case definition and assessment of
      the best approaches for local and national neonatal herpes surveillance may
      improve performance of such reporting.

PMID- 18157063
TI  - Neonatal herpes - the forgotten perinatal infection.

PMID- 18157064
TI  - Inferring mechanisms for sexual partnership formation from the distribution of
      sexual partner numbers.

PMID- 18157065
TI  - The arrested immunity hypothesis and the epidemiology of chlamydia control.

PMID- 18157066
TI  - The distribution of people seeking STD services in the various types of health
      care facilities in Chao Yang District, Beijing, China.

PMID- 18157068
TI  - Evaluation of intestinal preconditioning in a porcine model using classic
      ischemic preconditioning or lung recruitment maneuvers.
AB  - To test the hypotheses that repeated brief intestinal ischemic insults would
      elicit an intestinal preconditioning response to a subsequent intestinal I/R
      injury and that a similar response would be elicited by repeated lung recruitment
      maneuvers (RMs). Randomized experimental controlled animal study. University
      hospital animal laboratory. Eighteen anesthetized pigs. Animals were randomized
      to one of three groups, with six animals in each group. Control group 75-min
      superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion followed by 60-min reperfusion.
      Ischemic preconditioning group, three 5-min-long SMA occlusions preceding 75-min
      SMA occlusion and 60-min reperfusion. Recruitment maneuver (RM) group, three 2
      min-long RMs preceding 75-min SMA occlusion and 60-min reperfusion. We measured
      systemic and mesenteric hemodynamic parameters, jejunal mucosal perfusion, net
      mesenteric lactate flux, jejunal tissue oxygen tension, and mesenteric
      oxygenation. Every 15 min, jejunal microdialysate samples were collected and
      analyzed for glucose, lactate, and glycerol. Jejunal tissue samples were
      collected postmortem. After occlusion of SMA, regional parameters in all groups
      indicated abolished perfusion and gradually increasing intraluminal
      microdialysate lactate and glycerol levels. At reperfusion, regional parameters
      indicated mesenteric hyperperfusion, whereas microdialysis markers of mucosal
      anaerobic metabolism and cell injury decreased, although not reaching baseline.
      Histological examination revealed severe mucosal injury in all groups. There were
      no significant differences between groups in the observed parameters. No
      protective preconditioning response could be observed when performing repeated
      brief intestinal ischemic insults or repeated lung RMs before an intestinal I/R
      injury.

PMID- 18157069
TI  - A mathematical simulation of the inflammatory response to anthrax infection.
AB  - Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) can trigger an acute inflammatory response that
      results in multisystem organ failure and death. Previously, we developed a
      mathematical model of acute inflammation after gram-negative infection that had
      been matched qualitatively to literature data. We modified the properties of the
      invading bacteria in that model to those specific to B. anthracis and simulated
      the host response to anthrax infection. We simulated treatment strategies against
      anthrax in a genetically diverse population including the following: (1)
      antibiotic treatment initiated at various time points, (2) antiprotective antigen
      vaccine, and (3) a combination of antibiotics and vaccine. In agreement with
      studies in mice, our simulations showed that antibiotics only improve survival if
      administered early in the course of anthrax infection. Vaccination that leads to
      the formation of antibodies to protective antigen is anti-inflammatory and
      beneficial in averting shock and improving survival. However, antibodies to
      protective antigen alone are predicted not to be universally protective against
      anthrax infection. Rather, our simulations suggest that an optimal strategy would
      require both vaccination and antibiotic administration.

PMID- 18157070
TI  - Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on incidence of early syphilis in
      HIV-infected patients.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of early syphilis based on time from
      initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. STUDY DESIGN: Five hundred thirty
      nine HIV-positive patients undergoing HAART were followed up to 4 years to
      identify early (primary or secondary) syphilis. Incidence rate trends according
      to time from HAART initiation were evaluated by Poisson regression after
      adjustment for calendar year. RESULTS: With median follow-up of 2.9 years, 56
      (10.4%) patients experienced early syphilis, 17 (3.2%) with primary syphilis, and
      39 (7.2%) with secondary syphilis. The overall incidence rate of early syphilis
      for 4 years after the start of HAART was 4.57 per 100 person-years (95%
      confidence interval, 3.45-5.93). The incidence rate of early syphilis
      significantly increased in proportion to the years after the start of HAART (3.4
      6.1 per 100 person-year, P for trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Early syphilis
      incidence in HIV-infected patients increased in proportion to HAART duration. The
      finding suggests that screening for syphilis in HIV-infected patients who
      initiate HAART should be encouraged with attention to the time passed since HAART
      initiation.

PMID- 18157071
TI  - The effect of daily valacyclovir suppression on herpes simplex virus type 2 viral
      shedding in HSV-2 seropositive subjects without a history of genital herpes.
AB  - BACKGROUND: A substantial number of HSV-2 seropositive individuals lack a history
      of clinically recognized genital herpes. These individuals can transmit disease
      during periods of asymptomatic viral shedding. The frequency of asymptomatic
      shedding and the efficacy of antiviral therapy in reducing shedding has not been
      assessed in this population. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of valacyclovir 1 g
      once daily for 60 days versus placebo on asymptomatic viral shedding in
      immunocompetent, HSV-2 seropositive subjects without a history of symptomatic
      genital herpes infection. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-three subjects were randomized to
      receive valacyclovir 1 g daily or placebo for 60 days each in a 2-way crossover
      design. A daily swab of the genital area was self-collected for HSV-2 detection
      by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Fifty-six subjects with at least 1
      polymerase chain reaction measurement in both treatment periods comprised the
      primary efficacy population. Valacyclovir significantly reduced shedding during
      subclinical days compared to placebo [mean, 1.5% vs. 5.1% of subclinical days (P
      <0.001), a 71% reduction]. Eighty-four percent of subjects had no shedding while
      receiving valacyclovir versus 54% of subjects on placebo (P <0.001). Eighty-eight
      percent of patients receiving valacyclovir had no recognized signs or symptoms
      versus 77% for placebo (P = 0.033). Valacyclovir was not associated with any
      safety risk compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, asymptomatic viral
      shedding occurred in a substantial number of HSV-2 seropositive subjects without
      a history of genital herpes. Valacyclovir 1 g daily significantly reduced
      asymptomatic shedding compared with placebo in this population.

PMID- 18157072
TI  - [Metastatic process and therapies].
AB  - Tumor progression is now relatively well understood with changes at cellular and
      molecular levels. However mechanisms of the metastatic process are still not well
      elucidated. Several important questions remain unsolved to established new
      therapies. Moreover we need experimental animal models mimicking human metastatic
      disease to investigate and discover new targets for future therapies. These
      experimental approaches have to be coupled with pathological and clinical
      researches. Different experts will present the state of our knowledge in this
      domain.

PMID- 18157073
TI  - [Bioluminescent imaging to monitor tumor progression and metastasis in live
      animal].
AB  - Animal models allowing more sensitive and early detection of tumorigenesis and
      metastasis are instrumental in the fight for developing effective therapies
      against aggressive forms of cancer. In the present chapter, the advantages and
      limitations of the bioluminescent imaging (BLI) approach are discussed. Although
      BLI provides rapid, highly sensitive, noninvasive and quantitative detection of
      small tumors and micrometastases, several issues like the low anatomic resolution
      or the attenuation of the luminescent signal with tissue depth must be considered
      when using this technology.

PMID- 18157074
TI  - [Mechanisms of bone metastasis formation].
AB  - Bone is a common metastatic site for many cancers. Tumor cells located in the
      bone marrow cavity disturb the natural balance (bone remodelling) established
      between new bone formation performed by osteoblasts and bone resorption carried
      out by osteoclasts. Tumor cells produce many factors including growth factors and
      cytokines (PTHrP, ET-1, BMPs, others...) that stimulate either ostoclast activity
      leading to osteolytic lesions or osteoblast activity generating osteosclerotic
      bone metastases. Growth factors released from resorbed bone matrix or throughout
      osteoblastic bone formation sustain tumor growth. Therefore, bone metastases are
      the site of vicious cycles wherein tumor growth and bone metabolism sustain each
      other.

PMID- 18157075
TI  - [Metastatic spread: mechanisms and therapies].
AB  - Although metastatic spread is the most frequent cause of deaths in cancer
      patients, there are very few drugs specifically targeting this process. Bases for
      a new antimetastatic drug discovery strategy are weak because a great number of
      unknowns characterizes the whole understanding of the metastatic cascade
      mechanisms. Moreover, the current experimental models are too simplistic and do
      not account for the complexity of the phenomenon. Some targets have been
      identified but too few are validated. Among them, metastasis suppressor genes
      seem to be the most promising. In spite of this, during the last years, a dozen
      of molecules which fulfill the definition of a specific metastatic drug, namely
      that inhibit metastases without altering growth of the primary tumor (which can
      be eradicated by surgery), have been identified and tried out to assess the proof
      of the concept. The continuation of this effort would be more efficient if the
      objectives were defined more precisely. It is particularly important to
      distinguish molecules aimed at preventing metastic cell spreading at the primary
      tumour early stage and molecules which have to induce a regression of established
      metastases or to inhibit the transition from disseminated occult tumour cells to
      dormant micrometastasis. This second goal is a priori more relevant in the
      current clinical setting where detection of the early metastatic spread is very
      difficult, and therefore it should focus a greater effort of the scientific
      community.

PMID- 18157076
TI  - [Roscoff biological station].

PMID- 18157077
TI  - [Chemoautotrophic endosymbioses: contemporary models for symbiogenesis?].
AB  - Oxygen appears to be one of the key factors in understanding the evolution of
      life on Earth. Almost absent during more than 2 billion years, its subsequent
      increase is correlated with the emergence of oxygenic photosynthesis by
      Cyanobacteria, followed by aerobic Prokaryotes and eventually Eukaryotes, all
      primitively aerobic, and more recently, the development of complex multicellular
      organisms. However, in some reduced environments, still present at the surface of
      the Earth and even more so in ocean depths (hydrothermal vents, cold seeps,
      massive organic falls,...), anaerobic or micro-aerobic Prokaryotes continue to
      grow, including some chemoautotrophic bacteria deriving energy from sulfide
      oxidation for instance. A few Metazoa have managed to collaborate with such
      chemoautotroph Prokaryotes, the most abundant species forming endosymbiotic
      associations. The most studied of these endosymbioses (the mussels Bathymodiolus,
      the vestimentiferan tubeworm Riftia pachyptila, or the clams Calyptogena) have
      revealed important differences in the degree of interdependence between host and
      symbionts, and in the mode of symbiont transmission. The evolutive process of
      these symbioses is reminiscent of the primary endosymbioses which have given rise
      to the organelles of heterotrophic Eukaryotes (mitochondria) and phototrophic
      Eukaryotes (chloroplasts). The study of these modern days biological models could
      shed light on symbiogenesis itself and also potentially reveal thiotrophic
      Eukaryotes as a new lineage.

PMID- 18157078
TI  - [Introduction and establishment processes of marine species: a study case with
      the Japanese brown kelp Undaria pinnatifida].
AB  - The number of biological introductions has increased since the 1970's and is now
      considered as the second major cause of the biodiversity erosion, after
      fragmentation or disappearance of habitat. Beyond the threat they represent for
      the ecosystem equilibrium, introduced species are interesting models to study
      fundamental issues in ecology and evolution like the processes of dispersal and
      adaptation to novel environments. In this context, species introduced over a
      large geographic range and spectrum of habitats provide an excellent opportunity
      for comparing the mechanisms that promote introduction and settlement between
      different environments. In this paper, based on a case study, the worldwide
      introduction of the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida, and on the use of molecular
      tools, we aim at examining several processes promoting or occurring during
      biological introductions. Our results showed that i) multiple processes can
      account for the success of the pandemic introduction of this alga, highlighting
      the necessity to study introduced species in relation with the ecosystem they
      invaded, ii) the recurrence of introductions is a critical component in the
      dynamics of settlement and iii) human activities can play a major role not only
      during the primary introduction but also for the sustainable settlement of
      introduced species in natural environments by providing reservoir of migrants.
      Taken together, these results demonstrate that the complexity of mechanisms
      occurring in biological invasion require spatial but also long-term analysis.

PMID- 18157079
TI  - [A Picasso among brown algae: the arduous conquest of symmetry by Ectocarpus].
AB  - In response to environmental constraints, living organisms organise their body
      according to axes, rotation and translation plans, or asymmetries. Cellular and
      molecular processes are involved in the establishment of this architecture.
      Hence, this review aims at presenting the molecular mechanisms controlling the
      main symmetries and axes in plants. Several genes, coding for transcription
      factors, have been identified in land plants (mainly Arabidopsis thaliana), as
      controlling the establishment of apico-basal and adaxial-abaxial axes mainly. The
      establishment of these axes allows the development in other spatial directions of
      radial or bilateral symmetries. These processes seem in most cases to be under
      the control of the phytohormone auxin. In brown algae, which are all
      multicellular marine plants, polarity plans are less obvious than in land plants.
      The development of the model brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus is currently being
      studied. E. siliculosus develops a filamentous architecture, and primary
      observations show that branching along the main axis occurs in a non-stereotyped
      and regular way, even though it is mainly centred. However, more detailed
      morphometrical studies, accompanied by probabilistic analyses, have shown that,
      among the overall population of individuals, organisms obey yet unidentified
      biological constraints, that aim at refining the radial symmetry as the organism
      grows. The role of this symmetry in the adaptation of E. siliculosus to its
      environment, as well as the molecular actors involved in this process, are
      currently under study in our laboratory.

PMID- 18157080
TI  - [Encounters with marine bacteria].
AB  - Various aspects of the social life of bacteria are exposed here, in the light of
      recently published discoveries on the adaptive mechanisms of bacterial adhesion
      and biofilm formation, and on their importance at all ecological levels. There is
      now a need for studying models such as macrophytic algae and their associated
      microbial flora in order to integrate observations on simple laboratory models
      into the spatio-temporal perspective afforded by evolutionarily stable
      biocenoses.

PMID- 18157081
TI  - [Polysaccharides enzymatic degradation in heterogeneous phase: example of
      agarases and carrageenases].
AB  - Agars and carrageenans are sulphated galactans which assemble in the red algal
      cell wall as a dense network of semi-crystalline fibers. These polysaccharides
      are degraded in heterogeneous phase by bacterial enzymes, namely agarases and
      carageenases. Crystallographic as well as enzymologic investigations of the
      sulphated galactans/galactanases systems highlight that the properties of these
      catalysts are well adapted to the degradation of solid polyanionic substrates.
      Indeed, as for cellulases or amylases, they are able to depolymerize their
      respective substrates according to a processive mode of action. However, at the
      molecular level, they are distinguished by the ionic nature of the interactions
      involved which do not allow the direct transposition of the processivity models
      developed for the degradation of neutral polysaccharides.

PMID- 18157082
TI  - [Gene expression regulation at the translational level: contribution of marine
      organisms].
AB  - Gene expression regulation is crucial for organism survival. Each step has to be
      regulated, from the gene to the protein. mRNA can be stored in the cell without
      any direct translation. This process is used by the cell to control protein
      synthesis rapidly at the right place, at the right time. Protein synthesis costs
      a lot of energy for the cell, so that a precise control of this process is
      required. Translation initiation represents an important step to regulate gene
      expression. Many factors that can bind mRNA and recruit different partners are
      involved in the inhibition or stimulation of protein synthesis. Oceans contain an
      important diversity of organisms that are used as important models to analyse
      gene expression at the translational level. These are useful to study
      translational control in different physiological processes for instance cell
      cycle (meiosis during meiotic maturation of starfish oocytes, mitosis following
      fertilization of sea urchin eggs) or to understand nervous system mechanisms
      (aplysia). All these studies will help finding novel actors involved in
      translational control and will thus be useful to discover new targets for
      therapeutic treatments against human diseases.

PMID- 18157083
TI  - [Initiation factors eIF4: from sea urchin embryonic development to chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia].
AB  - mRNA translation is now recognized as a important regulatory step for gene
      expression in different physiological and pathophysiological processes including
      cell proliferation and apoptosis. B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is
      characterized by the accumulation of resting lymphocytes and defective apoptosis.
      The mRNA cap-binding protein eIF4E (eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E) and its
      repressor 4E-BP (eIF4E Binding protein) are crucial translational regulators that
      have been involved in survival and apoptosis processes of cells. We have shown
      that the release of eIF4E from its translational repressor 4E-BP is an important
      event for the first mitotic division triggered by fertilization and that the
      degradation of 4E-BP is a new means to regulate 4E-BP function that has to be
      analyzed in other physiological and physiopathological processes. In this
      chapter, we describe recent advances illustrating the importance of eIF4E and 4E
      BP in cancer processes, suggesting that these actors can be targeted for
      potential therapy against cancer in general and LLC in particular.

PMID- 18157084
TI  - [Sea urchin embryo, DNA-damaged cell cycle checkpoint and the mechanisms
      initiating cancer development].
AB  - Cell division is an essential process for heredity, maintenance and evolution of
      the whole living kingdom. Sea urchin early development represents an excellent
      experimental model for the analysis of cell cycle checkpoint mechanisms since
      embryonic cells contain a functional DNA-damage checkpoint and since the whole
      sea urchin genome is sequenced. The DNA-damaged checkpoint is responsible for an
      arrest in the cell cycle when DNA is damaged or incorrectly replicated, for
      activation of the DNA repair mechanism, and for commitment to cell death by
      apoptosis in the case of failure to repair. New insights in cancer biology lead
      to two fundamental concepts about the very first origin of cancerogenesis.
      Cancers result from dysfunction of DNA-damaged checkpoints and cancers appear as
      a result of normal stem cell (NCS) transformation into a cancer stem cell (CSC).
      The second aspect suggests a new definition of "cancer", since CSC can be
      detected well before any clinical evidence. Since early development starts from
      the zygote, which is a primary stem cell, sea urchin early development allows
      analysis of the early steps of the cancerization process. Although sea urchins do
      not develop cancers, the model is alternative and complementary to stem cells
      which are not easy to isolate, do not divide in a short time and do not divide
      synchronously. In the field of toxicology and incidence on human health, the sea
      urchin experimental model allows assessment of cancer risk from single or
      combined molecules long before any epidemiologic evidence is available. Sea
      urchin embryos were used to test the worldwide used pesticide Roundup that
      contains glyphosate as the active herbicide agent; it was shown to activate the
      DNA-damage checkpoint of the first cell cycle of development. The model therefore
      allows considerable increase in risk evaluation of new products in the field of
      cancer and offers a tool for the discovery of molecular markers for early
      diagnostic in cancer biology. Prevention and early diagnosis are two decisive
      elements of human cancer therapy.

PMID- 18157085
TI  - Antifungal drugs.

PMID- 18157086
TI  - Dynamic histone H3 methylation during gene induction: HYPB/Setd2 mediates all
      H3K36 trimethylation.
AB  - Understanding the function of histone modifications across inducible genes in
      mammalian cells requires quantitative, comparative analysis of their fate during
      gene activation and identification of enzymes responsible. We produced high
      resolution comparative maps of the distribution and dynamics of H3K4me3,
      H3K36me3, H3K79me2 and H3K9ac across c-fos and c-jun upon gene induction in
      murine fibroblasts. In unstimulated cells, continuous turnover of H3K9
      acetylation occurs on all K4-trimethylated histone H3 tails; distribution of both
      modifications coincides across promoter and 5' part of the coding region. In
      contrast, K36- and K79-methylated H3 tails, which are not dynamically acetylated,
      are restricted to the coding regions of these genes. Upon stimulation,
      transcription-dependent increases in H3K4 and H3K36 trimethylation are seen
      across coding regions, peaking at 5' and 3' ends, respectively. Addressing
      molecular mechanisms involved, we find that Huntingtin-interacting protein
      HYPB/Setd2 is responsible for virtually all global and transcription-dependent
      H3K36 trimethylation, but not H3K36-mono- or dimethylation, in these cells. These
      studies reveal four distinct layers of histone modification across inducible
      mammalian genes and show that HYPB/Setd2 is responsible for H3K36 trimethylation
      throughout the mouse nucleus.

PMID- 18157087
TI  - The structure of the C-terminal actin-binding domain of talin.
AB  - Talin is a large dimeric protein that couples integrins to cytoskeletal actin.
      Here, we report the structure of the C-terminal actin-binding domain of talin,
      the core of which is a five-helix bundle linked to a C-terminal helix responsible
      for dimerisation. The NMR structure of the bundle reveals a conserved surface
      exposed hydrophobic patch surrounded by positively charged groups. We have mapped
      the actin-binding site to this surface and shown that helix 1 on the opposite
      side of the bundle negatively regulates actin binding. The crystal structure of
      the dimerisation helix reveals an antiparallel coiled-coil with conserved
      residues clustered on the solvent-exposed face. Mutagenesis shows that
      dimerisation is essential for filamentous actin (F-actin) binding and indicates
      that the dimerisation helix itself contributes to binding. We have used these
      structures together with small angle X-ray scattering to derive a model of the
      entire domain. Electron microscopy provides direct evidence for binding of the
      dimer to F-actin and indicates that it binds to three monomers along the long
      pitch helix of the actin filament.

PMID- 18157089
TI  - Phospho-S6 ribosomal protein: a potential new predictive sarcoma marker for
      targeted mTOR therapy.
AB  - Metastatic sarcomas are commonly resistant to chemotherapy. The serine/threonine
      kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is a protein kinase of the
      phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway thought to have a key
      role in controlling cancer growth and thus is an important target for cancer
      therapy. Several inhibitors of mTOR are in clinical trials, including AP23573,
      which is being tested on metastatic sarcomas and other tumors. We hypothesized
      that a marker for the activity of mTOR, phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein,
      would be predictive of clinical response to the drug, that is, high tumor
      expression would signify better response than low expression. This was a blinded
      study. Of 26 patients treated, 20 remained on study, with available paraffin
      blocks. Fourteen patients received AP23573 alone and six patients received
      AP23573 in combination with adriamycin. An antibody to the phosphorylated S6
      ribosomal protein was used to stain the tumors, all high-grade sarcomas.
      Pretreatment biopsy or resection material was tested: the original tumor (n=6) or
      tumor recurrence/metastasis (n=14); either of these may have been after treatment
      with other agents. Staining was scored for both quantity/percentage of tumor
      cells and intensity. Scoring was performed without knowledge of tumor response.
      Staining quantity could be categorized into two natural groups: high expressors
      (> or =20% of tumor cells, 11 cases) and low expressors (0-10% of tumor cells, 9
      cases). The high-expression group had eight stable and three progressive cases
      (73% stable disease); the low-expression group had three stable and six
      progressive cases (67% progressive disease). Chi-square analysis showed
      statistical significance (P< or =0.05) at this initial cutoff (10%) selected
      blindly. The level of phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein expression was
      predictive of early tumor response to the mTOR inhibitor, suggesting that this is
      a promising new predictive sarcoma marker for targeted mTOR inhibitor therapy.

PMID- 18157088
TI  - Cooperative control of striated muscle mass and metabolism by MuRF1 and MuRF2.
AB  - The muscle-specific RING finger proteins MuRF1 and MuRF2 have been proposed to
      regulate protein degradation and gene expression in muscle tissues. We have
      tested the in vivo roles of MuRF1 and MuRF2 for muscle metabolism by using
      knockout (KO) mouse models. Single MuRF1 and MuRF2 KO mice are healthy and have
      normal muscles. Double knockout (dKO) mice obtained by the inactivation of all
      four MuRF1 and MuRF2 alleles developed extreme cardiac and milder skeletal muscle
      hypertrophy. Muscle hypertrophy in dKO mice was maintained throughout the murine
      life span and was associated with chronically activated muscle protein synthesis.
      During ageing (months 4-18), skeletal muscle mass remained stable, whereas body
      fat content did not increase in dKO mice as compared with wild-type controls.
      Other catabolic factors such as MAFbox/atrogin1 were expressed at normal levels
      and did not respond to or prevent muscle hypertrophy in dKO mice. Thus, combined
      inhibition of MuRF1/MuRF2 could provide a potent strategy to stimulate striated
      muscles anabolically and to protect muscles from sarcopenia during ageing.

PMID- 18157090
TI  - Platelet-derived growth factor receptor expression and amplification in choroid
      plexus carcinomas.
AB  - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor signaling has been implicated in
      the development of glial tumors, but not yet been examined in choroid plexus
      carcinomas, pediatric tumors with dismal prognosis for which novel treatment
      options would be desirable. Therefore, protein expression of PDGF receptors alpha
      and beta as well as amplification status of the respective genes, PDGFRA and
      PDGFRB, were examined in a series of 22 patients harboring choroid plexus
      carcinoma using immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridization
      (CISH). The majority of choroid plexus carcinomas expressed PDGF receptors with 6
      cases (27%) displaying high staining scores for PDGF receptor alpha and 13 cases
      (59%) showing high staining scores for PDGF receptor beta. Correspondingly, copy
      number gains of PDGFRA were observed in 8 cases out of 12 cases available for
      CISH and 1 case displayed amplification (six or more signals per nucleus). The
      proportion of choroid plexus carcinomas with amplification of PDGFRB was even
      higher (5/12 cases). PDGFRB amplification status and PDGF receptor beta protein
      expression scores were significantly correlated (P=0.01, Spearman). Expression
      status of PDGF receptor alpha or PDGF receptor beta was not significantly
      associated with progression-free survival. To conclude, expression and
      amplification of PDGF receptors, particularly PDGF receptor beta, are frequent in
      choroid plexus carcinomas, providing a first rationale for the development of
      treatments targeting PDGF receptor signaling in these rare malignant pediatric
      tumors.

PMID- 18157091
TI  - CpG island methylation profile of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia.
AB  - Infiltrating adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is thought to develop through well
      defined precursor lesions called pancreatic intraductal neoplasia (PanIN).
      Despite the exponential growth in our understanding of genetic events that
      characterize the progression of PanINs to invasive carcinoma, little is known
      about the role of epigenetic alterations in these precursor lesions. To define
      the timing and prevalence of methylation abnormalities during early pancreatic
      carcinogenesis, we investigated the CpG island methylation profile in the various
      grades of PanINs. Using methylation-specific PCR, we analyzed DNA samples from 65
      PanIN lesions for methylation status of eight genes recently identified by
      microarray approach as aberrantly hypermethylated in invasive pancreatic cancer.
      Aberrant methylation at any of the eight genes was identified in 68% of all the
      PanIN lesions examined, and, notably, aberrant methylation was identified in more
      than 70% of the earliest lesions (PanIN-1A). The average number of methylated
      loci was 1.1 in PanIN-1A, 0.8 in PanIN-1B, 1.1 in PanIN-2, and 2.9 in PanIN-3
      lesions (P=0.01 for PanIN -3 vs earlier PanINs). Among the genes analyzed, NPTX2
      demonstrated an increase in methylation prevalence from PanIN-1 to PanIN-2
      (P=0.0008), and from PanIN-2 to PanIN-3 for SARP2 (P=0.001), Reprimo (P=0.01),
      and LHX1 (P=0.03). These results suggest that aberrant CpG island
      hypermethylation begins in early stages of PanINs, and its prevalence
      progressively increases during neoplastic progression.

PMID- 18157092
TI  - Abstracts of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology Annual Meeting,
      February 2006, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

PMID- 18157115
TI  - Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors.
AB  - Pluripotency pertains to the cells of early embryos that can generate all of the
      tissues in the organism. Embryonic stem cells are embryo-derived cell lines that
      retain pluripotency and represent invaluable tools for research into the
      mechanisms of tissue formation. Recently, murine fibroblasts have been
      reprogrammed directly to pluripotency by ectopic expression of four transcription
      factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc) to yield induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
      Using these same factors, we have derived iPS cells from fetal, neonatal and
      adult human primary cells, including dermal fibroblasts isolated from a skin
      biopsy of a healthy research subject. Human iPS cells resemble embryonic stem
      cells in morphology and gene expression and in the capacity to form teratomas in
      immune-deficient mice. These data demonstrate that defined factors can
      reprogramme human cells to pluripotency, and establish a method whereby patient
      specific cells might be established in culture.

PMID- 18157117
TI  - Switching constant domains enhances agonist activities of antibodies to a
      thrombopoietin receptor.
AB  - We enhanced the activities of two agonist antibodies specific for the
      thrombopoietin receptor (c-MPL) by switching domains within their constant
      regions to those of different antibody isotypes. Our results suggest the
      importance of the hinge region in modulating agonist activity. The antibodies'
      thrombopoietin-like activity in vitro and in vivo, as well as the desirable
      pharmacokinetic profile conferred by retaining the whole-IgG structure, suggests
      that they provide a valuable option for treating thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 18157118
TI  - Fluorogen-activating single-chain antibodies for imaging cell surface proteins.
AB  - Imaging of live cells has been revolutionized by genetically encoded fluorescent
      probes, most famously green and other fluorescent proteins, but also peptide tags
      that bind exogenous fluorophores. We report here the development of protein
      reporters that generate fluorescence from otherwise dark molecules (fluorogens).
      Eight unique fluorogen activating proteins (FAPs) have been isolated by screening
      a library of human single-chain antibodies (scFvs) using derivatives of thiazole
      orange and malachite green. When displayed on yeast or mammalian cell surfaces,
      these FAPs bind fluorogens with nanomolar affinity, increasing green or red
      fluorescence thousands-fold to brightness levels typical of fluorescent proteins.
      Spectral variation can be generated by combining different FAPs and fluorogen
      derivatives. Visualization of FAPs on the cell surface or within the secretory
      apparatus of mammalian cells can be achieved by choosing membrane permeant or
      impermeant fluorogens. The FAP technique is extensible to a wide variety of
      nonfluorescent dyes.

PMID- 18157119
TI  - In vivo tumor targeting and spectroscopic detection with surface-enhanced Raman
      nanoparticle tags.
AB  - We describe biocompatible and nontoxic nanoparticles for in vivo tumor targeting
      and detection based on pegylated gold nanoparticles and surface-enhanced Raman
      scattering (SERS). Colloidal gold has been safely used to treat rheumatoid
      arthritis for 50 years, and has recently been found to amplify the efficiency of
      Raman scattering by 14-15 orders of magnitude. Here we show that large optical
      enhancements can be achieved under in vivo conditions for tumor detection in live
      animals. An important finding is that small-molecule Raman reporters such as
      organic dyes were not displaced but were stabilized by thiol-modified
      polyethylene glycols. These pegylated SERS nanoparticles were considerably
      brighter than semiconductor quantum dots with light emission in the near-infrared
      window. When conjugated to tumor-targeting ligands such as single-chain variable
      fragment (ScFv) antibodies, the conjugated nanoparticles were able to target
      tumor biomarkers such as epidermal growth factor receptors on human cancer cells
      and in xenograft tumor models.

PMID- 18157120
TI  - Developmentally regulated transcription of mammalian telomeres by DNA-dependent
      RNA polymerase II.
AB  - Mammalian telomeres consist of non-coding TTAGGG repeats that are bound by the
      multi-protein complex 'shelterin', thus protecting chromosome ends from DNA
      repair mechanisms and degradation. Mammalian telomeric chromatin is enriched for
      the constitutive heterochromatin marks H3K9me3, H4K20me3 and HP1 (refs 2, 3, 4,
      5, 6, 7). Similar to pericentric heterochromatin, telomeric heterochromatin is
      thought to be fundamental for the maintenance of chromosomal integrity. Here, we
      report that telomeric repeats are transcribed by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II,
      which, in turn, interacts with the TRF1 shelterin protein. Telomeric RNAs
      (TelRNAs) contain UUAGGG repeats, are polyadenylated and are transcribed from the
      telomeric C-rich strand. Transcription of mammalian telomeres is regulated by
      several mechanisms, including developmental status, telomere length, cellular
      stress, tumour stage and chromatin structure. Using RNA-flourescent in situ
      hybridization (FISH), we show that TelRNAs are novel structural components of
      telomeric chromatin. Importantly, we provide evidence that TelRNAs block the
      activity of telomerase in vitro, suggesting that TelRNAs may regulate telomerase
      activity at chromosome ends. Our results indicate that TelRNAs are novel
      components of mammalian telomeres, which are anticipated to be fundamental for
      understanding telomere biology and telomere-related diseases, such as cancer and
      ageing.

PMID- 18157121
TI  - A beta-catenin gradient links the clock and wavefront systems in mouse embryo
      segmentation.
AB  - Rhythmic production of vertebral precursors, the somites, causes bilateral
      columns of embryonic segments to form. This process involves a molecular
      oscillator--the segmentation clock--whose signal is translated into a spatial,
      periodic pattern by a complex signalling gradient system within the presomitic
      mesoderm (PSM). In mouse embryos, Wnt signalling has been implicated in both the
      clock and gradient mechanisms, but how the Wnt pathway can perform these two
      functions simultaneously remains unclear. Here, we use a yellow fluorescent
      protein (YFP)-based, real-time imaging system in mouse embryos to demonstrate
      that clock oscillations are independent of beta-catenin protein levels. In
      contrast, we show that the Wnt-signalling gradient is established through a
      nuclear beta-catenin protein gradient in the posterior PSM. This gradient of
      nuclear beta-catenin defines the size of the oscillatory field and controls key
      aspects of PSM maturation and segment formation, emphasizing the central role of
      Wnt signalling in this process.

PMID- 18157122
TI  - High-content single-cell drug screening with phosphospecific flow cytometry.
AB  - Drug screening is often limited to cell-free assays involving purified enzymes,
      but it is arguably best applied against systems that represent disease states or
      complex physiological cellular networks. Here, we describe a high-content, cell
      based drug discovery platform based on phosphospecific flow cytometry, or
      phosphoflow, that enabled screening for inhibitors against multiple endogenous
      kinase signaling pathways in heterogeneous primary cell populations at the single
      cell level. From a library of small-molecule natural products, we identified
      pathway-selective inhibitors of Jak-Stat and MAP kinase signaling. Dose-response
      experiments in primary cells confirmed pathway selectivity, but importantly also
      revealed differential inhibition of cell types and new druggability trends across
      multiple compounds. Lead compound selectivity was confirmed in vivo in mice.
      Phosphoflow therefore provides a unique platform that can be applied throughout
      the drug discovery process, from early compound screening to in vivo testing and
      clinical monitoring of drug efficacy.

PMID- 18157123
TI  - Site selectivity of platinum anticancer therapeutics.
AB  - X-ray crystallographic and biochemical investigation of the reaction of cisplatin
      and oxaliplatin with nucleosome core particle and naked DNA reveals that histone
      octamer association can modulate DNA platination. Adduct formation also occurs at
      specific histone methionine residues, which could serve as a nuclear platinum
      reservoir influencing adduct transfer to DNA. Our findings suggest that the
      nucleosome center may provide a favorable target for the design of improved
      platinum anticancer drugs.

PMID- 18157124
TI  - Cu(I) recognition via cation-pi and methionine interactions in CusF.
AB  - Methionine-rich motifs have an important role in copper trafficking factors,
      including the CusF protein. Here we show that CusF uses a new metal recognition
      site wherein Cu(I) is tetragonally displaced from a Met2His ligand plane toward a
      conserved tryptophan. Spectroscopic studies demonstrate that both thioether
      ligation and strong cation-pi interactions with tryptophan stabilize metal
      binding. This novel active site chemistry affords mechanisms for control of
      adventitious metal redox and substitution chemistry.

PMID- 18157125
TI  - Focal brain damage protects against post-traumatic stress disorder in combat
      veterans.
AB  - Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an often debilitating mental illness
      that is characterized by recurrent distressing memories of traumatic events. PTSD
      is associated with hypoactivity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC),
      hyperactivity in the amygdala and reduced volume in the hippocampus, but it is
      unknown whether these neuroimaging findings reflect the underlying cause or a
      secondary effect of the disorder. To investigate the causal contribution of
      specific brain areas to PTSD symptoms, we studied a unique sample of Vietnam War
      veterans who suffered brain injury and emotionally traumatic events. We found a
      substantially reduced occurrence of PTSD among those individuals with damage to
      one of two regions of the brain: the vmPFC and an anterior temporal area that
      included the amygdala. These results suggest that the vmPFC and amygdala are
      critically involved in the pathogenesis of PTSD.

PMID- 18157126
TI  - Bilateral olfactory sensory input enhances chemotaxis behavior.
AB  - Neural comparisons of bilateral sensory inputs are essential for visual depth
      perception and accurate localization of sounds in space. All animals, from single
      cell prokaryotes to humans, orient themselves in response to environmental
      chemical stimuli, but the contribution of spatial integration of neural activity
      in olfaction remains unclear. We investigated this problem in Drosophila
      melanogaster larvae. Using high-resolution behavioral analysis, we studied the
      chemotaxis behavior of larvae with a single functional olfactory neuron on either
      the left or right side of the head, allowing us to examine unilateral or
      bilateral olfactory input. We developed new spectroscopic methods to create
      stable odorant gradients in which odor concentrations were experimentally
      measured. In these controlled environments, we observed that a single functional
      neuron provided sufficient information to permit larval chemotaxis. We found
      additional evidence that the overall accuracy of navigation is enhanced by the
      increase in the signal-to-noise ratio conferred by bilateral sensory input.

PMID- 18157128
TI  - Identification and characterization of high-flux-control genes of yeast through
      competition analyses in continuous cultures.
AB  - Using competition experiments in continuous cultures grown in different nutrient
      environments (glucose limited, ammonium limited, phosphate limited and white
      grape juice), we identified genes that show haploinsufficiency phenotypes
      (reduced growth rate when hemizygous) or haploproficiency phenotypes (increased
      growth rate when hemizygous). Haploproficient genes (815, 1,194, 733 and 654 in
      glucose-limited, ammonium-limited, phosphate-limited and white grape juice
      environments, respectively) frequently show that phenotype in a specific
      environmental context. For instance, genes encoding components of the
      ubiquitination pathway or the proteasome show haploproficiency in nitrogen
      limited conditions where protein conservation may be beneficial.
      Haploinsufficiency is more likely to be observed in all environments, as is the
      case with genes determining polar growth of the cell. Haploproficient genes seem
      randomly distributed in the genome, whereas haploinsufficient genes (685, 765,
      1,277 and 217 in glucose-limited, ammonium-limited, phosphate-limited and white
      grape juice environments, respectively) are over-represented on chromosome III.
      This chromosome determines a yeast's mating type, and the concentration of
      haploinsufficient genes there may be a mechanism to prevent its loss.

PMID- 18157127
TI  - Mutations in pericentrin cause Seckel syndrome with defective ATR-dependent DNA
      damage signaling.
AB  - Large brain size is one of the defining characteristics of modern humans. Seckel
      syndrome (MIM 210600), a disorder of markedly reduced brain and body size, is
      associated with defective ATR-dependent DNA damage signaling. Only a single
      hypomorphic mutation of ATR has been identified in this genetically heterogeneous
      condition. We now report that mutations in the gene encoding pericentrin (PCNT)-
      resulting in the loss of pericentrin from the centrosome, where it has key
      functions anchoring both structural and regulatory proteins--also cause Seckel
      syndrome. Furthermore, we find that cells of individuals with Seckel syndrome due
      to mutations in PCNT (PCNT-Seckel) have defects in ATR-dependent checkpoint
      signaling, providing the first evidence linking a structural centrosomal protein
      with DNA damage signaling. These findings also suggest that other known
      microcephaly genes implicated in either DNA repair responses or centrosomal
      function may act in common developmental pathways determining human brain and
      body size.

PMID- 18157129
TI  - Impaired glycosylation and cutis laxa caused by mutations in the vesicular H+
      ATPase subunit ATP6V0A2.
AB  - We identified loss-of-function mutations in ATP6V0A2, encoding the a2 subunit of
      the V-type H+ ATPase, in several families with autosomal recessive cutis laxa
      type II or wrinkly skin syndrome. The mutations result in abnormal glycosylation
      of serum proteins (CDG-II) and cause an impairment of Golgi trafficking in
      fibroblasts from affected individuals. These results indicate that the a2 subunit
      of the proton pump has an important role in Golgi function.

PMID- 18157130
TI  - Closing gaps in the human genome with fosmid resources generated from multiple
      individuals.
AB  - The human genome sequence has been finished to very high standards; however, more
      than 340 gaps remained when the finished genome was published by the
      International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium in 2004. Using fosmid resources
      generated from multiple individuals, we targeted gaps in the euchromatic part of
      the human genome. Here we report 2,488,842 bp of previously unknown euchromatic
      sequence, 363,114 bp of which close 26 of 250 euchromatic gaps, or 10%, including
      two remaining euchromatic gaps on chromosome 19. Eight (30.7%) of the closed gaps
      were found to be polymorphic. These sequences allow complete annotation of
      several human genes as well as the assignment of mRNAs. The gap sequences are 2.3
      fold enriched in segmentally duplicated sequences compared to the whole genome.
      Our analysis confirms that not all gaps within 'finished' genomes are
      recalcitrant to subcloning and suggests that the paired-end-sequenced fosmid
      libraries could prove to be a rich resource for completion of the human
      euchromatic genome.

PMID- 18157131
TI  - Interleukin 17-producing T helper cells and interleukin 17 orchestrate
      autoreactive germinal center development in autoimmune BXD2 mice.
AB  - Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is a cytokine associated with inflammation, autoimmunity
      and defense against some bacteria. Here we show that IL-17 can promote autoimmune
      disease through a mechanism distinct from its proinflammatory effects. As
      compared with wild-type mice, autoimmune BXD2 mice express more IL-17 and show
      spontaneous development of germinal centers (GCs) before they increase production
      of pathogenic autoantibodies. We show that blocking IL-17 signaling disrupts CD4+
      T cell and B cell interactions required for the formation of GCs and that mice
      lacking the IL-17 receptor have reduced GC B cell development and humoral
      responses. Production of IL-17 correlates with upregulated expression of the
      genes Rgs13 and Rgs16, which encode regulators of G-protein signaling, and
      results in suppression of the B cell chemotactic response to the chemokine
      CXCL12. These findings suggest a mechanism by which IL-17 drives autoimmune
      responses by promoting the formation of spontaneous GCs.

PMID- 18157132
TI  - Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule promotes leukocyte trafficking into
      the central nervous system.
AB  - Adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily are crucial effectors of
      leukocyte trafficking into the central nervous system. Using a lipid raft-based
      proteomic approach, we identified ALCAM as an adhesion molecule involved in
      leukocyte migration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). ALCAM expressed on BBB
      endothelium localized together with CD6 on leukocytes and with BBB endothelium
      transmigratory cups. ALCAM expression on BBB cells was upregulated in active
      multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis lesions.
      Moreover, ALCAM blockade restricted the transmigration of CD4+ lymphocytes and
      monocytes across BBB endothelium in vitro and in vivo and reduced the severity
      and delayed the time of onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our
      findings indicate an important function for ALCAM in the recruitment of
      leukocytes into the brain and identify ALCAM as a potential target for the
      therapeutic dampening of neuroinflammation.

PMID- 18157133
TI  - Smad3 and NFAT cooperate to induce Foxp3 expression through its enhancer.
AB  - The transcription factor Foxp3 is involved in the differentiation, function and
      survival of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (T(reg)) cells. Details of the mechanism
      underlying the induction of Foxp3 expression remain unknown, because studies of
      the transcriptional regulation of the Foxp3 gene are limited by the small number
      of T(reg) cells in mononuclear cell populations. Here we have generated a model
      system for analyzing Foxp3 induction and, by using this system with primary T
      cells, we have identified an enhancer element in this gene. The transcription
      factors Smad3 and NFAT are required for activity of this Foxp3 enhancer, and both
      factors are essential for histone acetylation in the enhancer region and
      induction of Foxp3. These biochemical properties that define Foxp3 expression
      explain many of the effects of transforming growth factor-beta on the function of
      Foxp3+ T(reg) cells.

PMID- 18157134
TI  - Mechanical annealing and source-limited deformation in submicrometre-diameter Ni
      crystals.
AB  - The fundamental processes that govern plasticity and determine strength in
      crystalline materials at small length scales have been studied for over fifty
      years. Recent studies of single-crystal metallic pillars with diameters of a few
      tens of micrometres or less have clearly demonstrated that the strengths of these
      pillars increase as their diameters decrease, leading to attempts to augment
      existing ideas about pronounced size effects with new models and simulations.
      Through in situ nanocompression experiments inside a transmission electron
      microscope we can directly observe the deformation of these pillar structures and
      correlate the measured stress values with discrete plastic events. Our
      experiments show that submicrometre nickel crystals microfabricated into pillar
      structures contain a high density of initial defects after processing but can be
      made dislocation free by applying purely mechanical stress. This phenomenon,
      termed 'mechanical annealing', leads to clear evidence of source-limited
      deformation where atypical hardening occurs through the progressive activation
      and exhaustion of dislocation sources.

PMID- 18157135
TI  - High-capacity hydrogen storage in lithium and sodium amidoboranes.
AB  - The safe and efficient storage of hydrogen is widely recognized as one of the key
      technological challenges in the transition towards a hydrogen-based energy
      economy. Whereas hydrogen for transportation applications is currently stored
      using cryogenics or high pressure, there is substantial research and development
      activity in the use of novel condensed-phase hydride materials. However, the
      multiple-target criteria accepted as necessary for the successful implementation
      of such stores have not yet been met by any single material. Ammonia borane,
      NH3BH3, is one of a number of condensed-phase compounds that have received
      significant attention because of its reported release of approximately 12 wt%
      hydrogen at moderate temperatures (approximately 150 degrees C). However, the
      hydrogen purity suffers from the release of trace quantities of borazine. Here,
      we report that the related alkali-metal amidoboranes, LiNH2BH3 and NaNH2BH3,
      release approximately 10.9 wt% and approximately 7.5 wt% hydrogen, respectively,
      at significantly lower temperatures (approximately 90 degrees C) with no borazine
      emission. The low-temperature release of a large amount of hydrogen is
      significant and provides the potential to fulfil many of the principal criteria
      required for an on-board hydrogen store.

PMID- 18157136
TI  - Targeted patch-clamp recordings and single-cell electroporation of unlabeled
      neurons in vivo.
AB  - Here we describe an approach for making targeted patch-clamp recordings from
      single neurons in vivo, visualized by two-photon microscopy. A patch electrode is
      used to perfuse the extracellular space surrounding the neuron of interest with a
      fluorescent dye, thus enabling the neuron to be visualized as a negative image
      ('shadow') and identified on the basis of its somatodendritic structure. The same
      electrode is then placed on the neuron under visual control to allow formation of
      a gigaseal ('shadowpatching'). We demonstrate the reliability and versatility of
      shadowpatching by performing whole-cell recordings from visually identified
      neurons in the neocortex and cerebellum of rat and mouse. We also show that the
      method can be used for targeted in vivo single-cell electroporation of plasmid
      DNA into identified cell types, leading to stable transgene expression. This
      approach facilitates the recording, labeling and genetic manipulation of single
      neurons in the intact native mammalian brain without the need to pre-label
      neuronal populations.

PMID- 18157137
TI  - GraFix: sample preparation for single-particle electron cryomicroscopy.
AB  - We developed a method, named GraFix, that considerably improves sample quality
      for structure determination by single-particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM).
      GraFix uses a glycerol gradient centrifugation step in which the complexes are
      centrifuged into an increasing concentration of a chemical fixation reagent to
      prevent aggregation and to stabilize individual macromolecules. The method can be
      used to prepare samples for negative-stain, cryo-negative-stain and,
      particularly, unstained cryo-EM.

PMID- 18157138
TI  - Successful treatment of canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency by foamy virus
      vectors.
AB  - Recent successes in treating genetic immunodeficiencies have demonstrated the
      therapeutic potential of stem cell gene therapy. However, the use of
      gammaretroviral vectors in these trials led to insertional activation of nearby
      oncogenes and leukemias in some study subjects, prompting studies of modified or
      alternative vector systems. Here we describe the use of foamy virus vectors to
      treat canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (CLAD). Four of five dogs with CLAD
      that received nonmyeloablative conditioning and infusion of autologous, CD34+
      hematopoietic stem cells transduced by a foamy virus vector expressing canine
      CD18 had complete reversal of the CLAD phenotype, which was sustained more than 2
      years after infusion. In vitro assays showed correction of the lymphocyte
      proliferation and neutrophil adhesion defects that characterize CLAD. There were
      no genotoxic complications, and integration site analysis showed polyclonality of
      transduced cells and a decreased risk of integration near oncogenes as compared
      to gammaretroviral vectors. These results represent the first successful use of a
      foamy virus vector to treat a genetic disease, to our knowledge, and suggest that
      foamy virus vectors will be effective in treating human hematopoietic diseases.

PMID- 18157139
TI  - Langerhans cell histiocytosis reveals a new IL-17A-dependent pathway of dendritic
      cell fusion.
AB  - IL-17A is a T cell-specific cytokine that is involved in chronic inflammations,
      such as Mycobacterium infection, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and
      multiple sclerosis. Mouse models have explained the molecular basis of IL-17A
      production and have shown that IL-17A has a positive effect not only on granuloma
      formation and neurodegeneration through unknown mechanisms, but also on bone
      resorption through Receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) induction in
      osteoblasts. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease of unknown
      etiology, lacking an animal model, that cumulates symptoms that are found
      separately in various IL-17A-related diseases, such as aggressive chronic
      granuloma formation, bone resorption and soft tissue lesions with occasional
      neurodegeneration. We examined IL-17A in the context of LCH and found that there
      were high serum levels of IL-17A during active LCH and unexpected IL-17A
      synthesis by dendritic cells (DCs), the major cell type in LCH lesions. We also
      found an IL-17A-dependent pathway for DC fusion, which was highly potentiated by
      IFN-gamma and led to giant cells expressing three major tissue-destructive
      enzymes: tartrate resistant acidic phosphatase and matrix metalloproteinases 9
      and 12. IFN-gamma expression has been previously documented in LCH and observed
      in IL-17A-related diseases. Notably, serum IL-17A-dependent fusion activity
      correlates with LCH activity. Thus, IL-17A and IL-17A-stimulated DCs represent
      targets that may have clinical value in the treatment of LCH and other IL-17A
      related inflammatory disorders.

PMID- 18157140
TI  - Adenosine is crucial for deep brain stimulation-mediated attenuation of tremor.
AB  - Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a widely used neurosurgical approach to treating
      tremor and other movement disorders. In addition, the use of DBS in a number of
      psychiatric diseases, including obsessive-compulsive disorders and depression, is
      currently being tested. Despite the rapid increase in the number of individuals
      with surgically implanted stimulation electrodes, the cellular pathways involved
      in mediating the effects of DBS remain unknown. Here we show that DBS is
      associated with a marked increase in the release of ATP, resulting in
      accumulation of its catabolic product, adenosine. Adenosine A1 receptor
      activation depresses excitatory transmission in the thalamus and reduces both
      tremor- and DBS-induced side effects. Intrathalamic infusion of A1 receptor
      agonists directly reduces tremor, whereas adenosine A1 receptor-null mice show
      involuntary movements and seizure at stimulation intensities below the
      therapeutic level. Furthermore, our data indicate that endogenous adenosine
      mechanisms are active in tremor, thus supporting the clinical notion that
      caffeine, a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, can trigger or exacerbate
      essential tremor. Our findings suggest that nonsynaptic mechanisms involving the
      activation of A1 receptors suppress tremor activity and limit stimulation-induced
      side effects, thereby providing a new pharmacological target to replace or
      improve the efficacy of DBS.

PMID- 18157141
TI  - Rapid conditional targeted ablation of cells expressing human CD59 in transgenic
      mice by intermedilysin.
AB  - Conditional targeted cell ablation is a powerful approach for investigating the
      pathogenesis of human diseases and in vivo cellular functions. Intermedilysin
      (ILY) is a cytolytic pore-forming toxin secreted by Streptococcus intermedius
      that lyses human cells exclusively, owing to its receptor specificity for human
      CD59. We generated two transgenic mouse strains that express human CD59 either on
      erythrocytes (strain ThCD59(RBC)) or on endothelia (strain ThCD59(END)).
      Intravenous injection of ILY in ThCD59(RBC) mice induced acute intravascular
      hemolysis, leading to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, increased platelet
      activation and rapid death. In ThCD59(END) mice, ILY induced rapid endothelial
      damage, leading to acute death and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
      Additionally, we show that human serum contains ILY-specific neutralizing
      antibodies not found in any other animal species. Together, these results suggest
      that this new rapid conditional targeted ILY-mediated cell ablation technique can
      be used in combination with any available transgenic expression system to study
      the physiologic role of specific cell populations.

PMID- 18157142
TI  - Endothelin B receptor mediates the endothelial barrier to T cell homing to tumors
      and disables immune therapy.
AB  - In spite of their having sufficient immunogenicity, tumor vaccines remain largely
      ineffective. The mechanisms underlying this lack of efficacy are still unclear.
      Here we report a previously undescribed mechanism by which the tumor endothelium
      prevents T cell homing and hinders tumor immunotherapy. Transcriptional profiling
      of microdissected tumor endothelial cells from human ovarian cancers revealed
      genes associated with the absence or presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
      (TILs). Overexpression of the endothelin B receptor (ET(B)R) was associated with
      the absence of TILs and short patient survival time. The ET(B)R inhibitor BQ-788
      increased T cell adhesion to human endothelium in vitro, an effect countered by
      intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) blockade or treatment with NO donors.
      In mice, ET(B)R neutralization by BQ-788 increased T cell homing to tumors; this
      homing required ICAM-1 and enabled tumor response to otherwise ineffective
      immunotherapy in vivo without changes in systemic antitumor immune response.
      These findings highlight a molecular mechanism with the potential to be
      pharmacologically manipulated to enhance the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy in
      humans.

PMID- 18157143
TI  - Recovery of supraspinal control of stepping via indirect propriospinal relay
      connections after spinal cord injury.
AB  - Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) in humans and experimental animals are often
      associated with varying degrees of spontaneous functional recovery during the
      first months after injury. Such recovery is widely attributed to axons spared
      from injury that descend from the brain and bypass incomplete lesions, but its
      mechanisms are uncertain. To investigate the neural basis of spontaneous
      recovery, we used kinematic, physiological and anatomical analyses to evaluate
      mice with various combinations of spatially and temporally separated lateral
      hemisections with or without the excitotoxic ablation of intrinsic spinal cord
      neurons. We show that propriospinal relay connections that bypass one or more
      injury sites are able to mediate spontaneous functional recovery and supraspinal
      control of stepping, even when there has been essentially total and irreversible
      interruption of long descending supraspinal pathways in mice. Our findings show
      that pronounced functional recovery can occur after severe SCI without the
      maintenance or regeneration of direct projections from the brain past the lesion
      and can be mediated by the reorganization of descending and propriospinal
      connections. Targeting interventions toward augmenting the remodeling of relay
      connections may provide new therapeutic strategies to bypass lesions and restore
      function after SCI and in other conditions such as stroke and multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 18157144
TI  - New highly potent and specific E6 and E7 siRNAs for treatment of HPV16 positive
      cervical cancer.
AB  - Persistent infection by high-risk types of human papillomaviruses (HPV) is a
      necessary cause of cervical cancer, with HPV16 the most prevalent, accounting for
      more than 50% of reported cases. The virus encodes the E6 and E7 oncoproteins,
      whose expression is essential for maintenance of the malignant phenotype. To
      select efficacious siRNAs applicable to RNAi therapy for patients with HPV16+
      cervical cancer, E6 and E7 siRNAs were designed using siDirect computer software,
      after which 10 compatible with all HPV16 variants were selected, and then
      extensively examined for RNAi activity and specificity using HPV16+ and HPV16
      cells. Three siRNAs with the highest RNAi activities toward E6 and E7 expression,
      as well as specific and potent growth suppression of HPV16+ cancer cells as low
      as 1 nM were chosen. Growth suppression was accompanied by accumulation of p53
      and p21(WAF1/CIP1), as well as morphological and cytochemical changes
      characteristic of cellular senescence. Antitumor activity of one of the selected
      siRNAs was confirmed by retarded tumor growth of HPV16+ cells in NOD/SCID mice
      when locally injected in a complex with atelocollagen. Our results demonstrate
      that these E6 and E7 siRNAs are promising therapeutic agents for treatment of
      virus-related cancer.

PMID- 18157145
TI  - A simplified system for generating oncolytic adenovirus vector carrying one or
      two transgenes.
AB  - Oncolytic adenoviruses, also called conditionally replicating adenoviruses
      (CRADs), have been widely applied in cancer gene therapy. However, the
      construction of CRADs is still time-consuming. In this study, we attempted to
      establish a simplified method of generating CRADs based on AdEasy system. A novel
      plasmid pTE-TPE-GM was constructed, containing sequentially positioned promoter
      of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERTp), coding sequence of E1A gene,
      promoter of E1B gene, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
      gene, internal ribosome entry site sequence and coding sequence of E1B55K gene.
      The CRAD-generating system reported here include three plasmids: pTE-TPE-GM,
      pShuttle-CMV and AdEasy-1, one Escherichia coli strain BJ5183, and the packaging
      cell line 293. Using this system, an oncolytic adenovirus carrying B7-1 (CD80)
      and GM-CSF genes was successfully constructed and designated as Ad-CD80-TPE-GM.
      The expression of GM-CSF increased more than 9000 times in tumor cell lines
      infected by Ad-CD80-TPE-GM at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5, compared
      with the cells infected by replication-defective control virus. Similarly, the
      expression of CD80 also increased 9-140 times. Ad-CD80-TPE-GM selectively
      replicates in TERT-positive tumor cells, and the progeny viruses can reach up to
      375 infection units (IU) per cell. In vitro study showed that the Ad-CD80-TPE-GM
      induced an obvious oncolytic effect at MOI of 0.1, and killed about 80% TERT
      positive tumor cells within 7 days at an MOI of 1. The antitumor effect of this
      vector was also investigated in Hep2 xenograft model of nude mice, and the tumor
      inhibition rate reached 74% at day 30 after the administration with a total dose
      of 1 x 10(9) IU Ad-CD80-TPE-GM. Intratumoral injection of Ad-CD80-TPE-GM slightly
      induced neutralizing antibody against the oncolytic adenovirus in nude mice,
      which might contribute to the virus clearance in vivo. In conclusion, we
      successfully constructed an oncolytic CRAD carrying GM-CSF and CD80 gene. More
      importantly, this system can be modified to generate novel transcriptionally
      regulated CRADs with different tissue-specific promoters or transgenes.

PMID- 18157146
TI  - Resveratrol is an effective inducer of CArG-driven TNF-alpha gene therapy.
AB  - We report the anticarcinogenic, anti-aging polyphenol resveratrol activates the
      radio- and chemo-inducible cancer gene therapy vector Ad.Egr.TNF, a replication
      deficient adenovirus that expresses human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)
      under control of the Egr-1 promoter. Like ionizing radiation or chemotherapeutic
      agents previously shown to activate Ad.Egr.TNF, resveratrol also induces Egr-1
      expression from its chromosomal locus with a possible role for Egr-1 promoter
      CC(A+T)richGG sequences in the expression of TNF-alpha. Resveratrol induction of
      TNF-alpha in Ad.Egr.TNF-infected tumor xenografts demonstrated antitumor response
      in human and rat tumor models comparable to that of radio- or chemotherapy
      induced TNF-alpha. Although sirtuins are known targets of resveratrol, in vitro
      inhibition of SIRT1 activity did not abrogate resveratrol induction of Egr-1
      expression. This suggests that SIRT1 is not essential to mediate resveratrol
      induction of Egr-1. Nevertheless, control of transgene expression via resveratrol
      activation of Egr-1 may extend use of Ad.Egr.TNF to patients intolerant of
      radiation or cytotoxic therapy and offer a novel tool for development of other
      inducible gene therapies.

PMID- 18157147
TI  - Tumor targeting carboxylesterase fused with anti-CEA scFv improve the anticancer
      effect with a less toxic dose of irinotecan.
AB  - Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a key drug for the treatment of various cancers. CPT-11
      can be considered to be a prodrug, since it needs to be activated into the toxic
      drug SN-38 by the enzyme carboxylesterase. However, CPT-11 may induce severe
      diarrhea and bone marrow suppression as adverse effects, thus leading to
      treatment interruption. The tumor-specific activation of CPT-11 is a possible
      strategy to avoid the severe toxicities by reducing the serum concentration of
      CPT-11. In this study, we constructed human liver carboxylesterase-2 fused with
      anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) scFv as a targeting molecule. The recombinant
      enzyme anchors onto the tumor cell surface CEA, and thus metabolize CPT-11
      extracellularly. In addition a secreted tumor-targeted form of carboxylesterase
      should help prevent the leakage of the enzyme from the site of the tumor into the
      circulation. This fusion protein showed CPT-11 activation to SN-38 and specific
      binding to CEA-expressing cells. In combination with CPT-11, the recombinant
      carboxylesterase protein exerted antiproliferative effects on human cancer cells.
      This recombinant enzyme is, therefore, a promising new tool in enzyme prodrug
      therapy for the treatment of carcinoma with CPT-11.

PMID- 18157148
TI  - The structure of a DnaB-family replicative helicase and its interactions with
      primase.
AB  - Helicases are essential enzymes for DNA replication, a fundamental process in all
      living organisms. The DnaB family are hexameric replicative helicases that unwind
      duplex DNA and coordinate with RNA primase and other proteins at the replication
      fork in prokaryotes. Here, we report the full-length crystal structure of G40P, a
      DnaB family helicase. The hexamer complex reveals an unusual architectural
      feature and a new type of assembly mechanism. The hexamer has two tiers: a three
      fold symmetric N-terminal tier and a six-fold symmetric C-terminal tier. Monomers
      with two different conformations, termed cis and trans, come together to provide
      a topological solution for the dual symmetry within a hexamer. Structure-guided
      mutational studies indicate an important role for the N-terminal tier in binding
      primase and regulating primase-mediated stimulation of helicase activity. This
      study provides insights into the structural and functional interplay between G40P
      helicase and DnaG primase.

PMID- 18157149
TI  - Identification and characterization of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe TER1
      telomerase RNA.
AB  - Although the catalytic subunit of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe telomerase
      holoenzyme was identified over ten years ago, the unusual heterogeneity of its
      telomeric DNA made it difficult to identify its RNA component. We used a new two
      step immunoprecipitation and reverse transcription-PCR technique to identify the
      S. pombe telomerase RNA, which we call TER1. TER1 RNA was 1,213 nucleotides long,
      similar in size to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomerase RNA, TLC1. TER1 RNA
      associated in vivo with the two known subunits of the S. pombe telomerase
      holoenzyme, Est1p and Trt1p, and neither association was dependent on the other
      holoenzyme component. We present a model to explain how telomerase introduces
      heterogeneity into S. pombe telomeres. The technique used here to identify TER1
      should be generally applicable to other model organisms.

PMID- 18157150
TI  - RNA polymerase II pauses and associates with pre-mRNA processing factors at both
      ends of genes.
AB  - We investigated co-transcriptional recruitment of pre-mRNA processing factors to
      human genes. Capping factors associate with paused RNA polymerase II (pol II) at
      the 5' ends of quiescent genes. They also track throughout actively transcribed
      genes and accumulate with paused polymerase in the 3' flanking region. The 3'
      processing factors cleavage stimulation factor and cleavage polyadenylation
      specificity factor are maximally recruited 0.5-1.5 kilobases downstream of
      poly(A) sites where they coincide with capping factors, Spt5, and Ser2
      hyperphosphorylated, paused pol II. 3' end processing factors also localize at
      transcription start sites, and this early recruitment is enhanced after
      polymerase arrest with the elongation factor DRB. These results suggest that
      promoters may help specify recruitment of 3' end processing factors. We propose a
      dual-pausing model wherein elongation arrests near the transcription start site
      and in the 3' flank to allow co-transcriptional processing by factors recruited
      to the pol II ternary complex.

PMID- 18157151
TI  - tRNA-mRNA mimicry drives translation initiation from a viral IRES.
AB  - Internal ribosome entry site (IRES) RNAs initiate protein synthesis in eukaryotic
      cells by a noncanonical cap-independent mechanism. IRESes are critical for many
      pathogenic viruses, but efforts to understand their function are complicated by
      the diversity of IRES sequences as well as by limited high-resolution structural
      information. The intergenic region (IGR) IRESes of the Dicistroviridae viruses
      are powerful model systems to begin to understand IRES function. Here we present
      the crystal structure of a Dicistroviridae IGR IRES domain that interacts with
      the ribosome's decoding groove. We find that this RNA domain precisely mimics the
      transfer RNA anticodon-messenger RNA codon interaction, and its modeled
      orientation on the ribosome helps explain translocation without peptide bond
      formation. When combined with a previous structure, this work completes the first
      high-resolution description of an IRES RNA and provides insight into how RNAs can
      manipulate complex biological machines.

PMID- 18157152
TI  - TER1, the RNA subunit of fission yeast telomerase.
AB  - Telomerase is the ribonucleoprotein complex that adds telomeric repeats to the
      ends of chromosomes. Its protein subunit TERT is highly conserved among
      eukaryotes, whereas the RNA subunit varies greatly in size and sequence,
      hindering the identification of telomerase RNAs in some important model
      organisms. Here we report the identification and functional characterization of
      TER1, the telomerase RNA component from fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
      Deletion of ter1+ caused progressive shortening of telomeres and cellular
      senescence followed by chromosome circularization. Interactions between Est1 and
      Trt1, the two known protein components of fission yeast telomerase, were
      dependent on TER1, supporting its role as a scaffold for the assembly of protein
      subunits. Using a series of template mutations, we show that translocation or
      dissociation site variability and template-primer slippage account for the
      sequence heterogeneity of fission yeast telomeres.

PMID- 18157153
TI  - Morphological plasticity as a bacterial survival strategy.
AB  - Bacteria have evolved complex systems to maintain consistent cell morphologies.
      Nevertheless, in certain circumstances, bacteria alter this highly regulated
      process to transform into filamentous organisms. Accumulating evidence attributes
      important biological roles to filamentation in stressful environments, including,
      but not limited to, sites of interaction between pathogenic bacteria and their
      hosts. Filamentation could represent an intended response to specific
      environmental cues that promote survival amidst the threats of consumption and
      killing.

PMID- 18157154
TI  - CRISPR--a widespread system that provides acquired resistance against phages in
      bacteria and archaea.
AB  - Arrays of clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs)
      are widespread in the genomes of many bacteria and almost all archaea. These
      arrays are composed of direct repeats that are separated by similarly sized non
      repetitive spacers. CRISPR arrays, together with a group of associated proteins,
      confer resistance to phages, possibly by an RNA-interference-like mechanism. This
      Progress discusses the structure and function of this newly recognized antiviral
      mechanism.

PMID- 18157155
TI  - DNA polymerase zeta (pol zeta) in higher eukaryotes.
AB  - Most current knowledge about DNA polymerase zeta (pol zeta) comes from studies of
      the enzyme in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where pol zeta consists
      of a complex of the catalytic subunit Rev3 with Rev7, which associates with Rev1.
      Most spontaneous and induced mutagenesis in yeast is dependent on these gene
      products, and yeast pol zeta can mediate translesion DNA synthesis past some
      adducts in DNA templates. Study of the homologous gene products in higher
      eukaryotes is in a relatively early stage, but additional functions for the
      eukaryotic proteins are already apparent. Suppression of vertebrate REV3L
      function not only reduces induced point mutagenesis but also causes larger-scale
      genome instability by raising the frequency of spontaneous chromosome
      translocations. Disruption of Rev3L function is tolerated in Drosophila,
      Arabidopsis, and in vertebrate cell lines under some conditions, but is
      incompatible with mouse embryonic development. Functions for REV3L and
      REV7(MAD2B) in higher eukaryotes have been suggested not only in translesion DNA
      synthesis but also in some forms of homologous recombination, repair of
      interstrand DNA crosslinks, somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes and
      cell-cycle control. This review discusses recent developments in these areas.

PMID- 18157156
TI  - Structure and mechanism for DNA lesion recognition.
AB  - A fundamental question in DNA repair is how a lesion is detected when embedded in
      millions to billions of normal base pairs. Extensive structural and functional
      studies reveal atomic details of DNA repair protein and nucleic acid
      interactions. This review summarizes seemingly diverse structural motifs used in
      lesion recognition and suggests a general mechanism to recognize DNA lesion by
      the poor base stacking. After initial recognition of this shared structural
      feature of lesions, different DNA repair pathways use unique verification
      mechanisms to ensure correct lesion identification and removal.

PMID- 18157157
TI  - Mechanisms and functions of DNA mismatch repair.
AB  - DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a highly conserved biological pathway that plays a
      key role in maintaining genomic stability. The specificity of MMR is primarily
      for base-base mismatches and insertion/deletion mispairs generated during DNA
      replication and recombination. MMR also suppresses homeologous recombination and
      was recently shown to play a role in DNA damage signaling in eukaryotic cells.
      Escherichia coli MutS and MutL and their eukaryotic homologs, MutSalpha and
      MutLalpha, respectively, are key players in MMR-associated genome maintenance.
      Many other protein components that participate in various DNA metabolic pathways,
      such as PCNA and RPA, are also essential for MMR. Defects in MMR are associated
      with genome-wide instability, predisposition to certain types of cancer including
      hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, resistance to certain
      chemotherapeutic agents, and abnormalities in meiosis and sterility in mammalian
      systems.

PMID- 18157158
TI  - Eukaryotic DNA damage tolerance and translesion synthesis through covalent
      modifications of PCNA.
AB  - In addition to well-defined DNA repair pathways, all living organisms have
      evolved mechanisms to avoid cell death caused by replication fork collapse at a
      site where replication is blocked due to disruptive covalent modifications of
      DNA. The term DNA damage tolerance (DDT) has been employed loosely to include a
      collection of mechanisms by which cells survive replication-blocking lesions with
      or without associated genomic instability. Recent genetic analyses indicate that
      DDT in eukaryotes, from yeast to human, consists of two parallel pathways with
      one being error-free and another highly mutagenic. Interestingly, in budding
      yeast, these two pathways are mediated by sequential modifications of the
      proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) by two ubiquitination complexes Rad6
      Rad18 and Mms2-Ubc13-Rad5. Damage-induced monoubiquitination of PCNA by Rad6
      Rad18 promotes translesion synthesis (TLS) with increased mutagenesis, while
      subsequent polyubiquitination of PCNA at the same K164 residue by Mms2-Ubc13-Rad5
      promotes error-free lesion bypass. Data obtained from recent studies suggest that
      the above mechanisms are conserved in higher eukaryotes. In particular, mammals
      contain multiple specialized TLS polymerases. Defects in one of the TLS
      polymerases have been linked to genomic instability and cancer.

PMID- 18157159
TI  - A brief history of the DNA repair field.
AB  - The history of the repair of damaged DNA can be traced to the mid-1930s. Since
      then multiple DNA repair mechanisms, as well as other biological responses to DNA
      damage, have been discovered and their regulation has been studied. This article
      briefly recounts the early history of this field.

PMID- 18157160
TI  - Redox status of thioredoxin-1 (TRX1) determines the sensitivity of human liver
      carcinoma cells (HepG2) to arsenic trioxide-induced cell death.
AB  - Intracellular redox homeostasis plays a critical role in determining tumor cells'
      sensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis. Here we investigated the role of
      thioredoxin-1 (TRX1), a key component of redox regulation, in arsenic trioxide
      (As(2)O(3))-induced apoptosis. Over-expression of wild-type TRX1 in HepG(2) cells
      led to the inhibition of As(2)O(3)-induced cytochrome c (cyto c) release, caspase
      activation and apoptosis, and down-regulation of TRX1 expression by RNAi
      sensitized HepG(2) cells to As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, mutation
      of the active site of TRX1 from Cys(32/35) to Ser(32/35) converted this molecule
      from an apoptotic protector to an apoptotic promoter. In an effort to understand
      the mechanisms of this conversion, we used isolated mitochondria from mouse liver
      and found that recombinant wild-type TRX1 could protect mitochondria from the
      apoptotic changes. In contrast, the mutant form of TRX1 alone elicited
      mitochondria-related apoptotic changes, including the mitochondrial permeability
      transition pore (mPTP) opening, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and
      cyto c release from mitochondria. These apoptotic effects were inhibited by
      cyclosporine A (CsA), indicating that mutant TRX1 targeted to mPTP. Alteration of
      TRX1 from its reduced form to oxidized form in vivo by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene
      (DNCB), a specific inhibitor of TRX reductase, also sensitized HepG(2) cells to
      As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that TRX1 plays a central role in
      regulating apoptosis by blocking cyto c release, and inactivation of TRX1 by
      either mutation or oxidization of the active site cysteines may sensitize tumor
      cells to As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis.

PMID- 18157161
TI  - Regulation of DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice.
AB  - DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are critical lesions that can result in cell
      death or a wide variety of genetic alterations including large- or small-scale
      deletions, loss of heterozygosity, translocations, and chromosome loss. DSBs are
      repaired by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR),
      and defects in these pathways cause genome instability and promote tumorigenesis.
      DSBs arise from endogenous sources including reactive oxygen species generated
      during cellular metabolism, collapsed replication forks, and nucleases, and from
      exogenous sources including ionizing radiation and chemicals that directly or
      indirectly damage DNA and are commonly used in cancer therapy. The DSB repair
      pathways appear to compete for DSBs, but the balance between them differs widely
      among species, between different cell types of a single species, and during
      different cell cycle phases of a single cell type. Here we review the regulatory
      factors that regulate DSB repair by NHEJ and HR in yeast and higher eukaryotes.
      These factors include regulated expression and phosphorylation of repair
      proteins, chromatin modulation of repair factor accessibility, and the
      availability of homologous repair templates. While most DSB repair proteins
      appear to function exclusively in NHEJ or HR, a number of proteins influence both
      pathways, including the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1(XRS2) complex, BRCA1, histone H2AX, PARP
      1, RAD18, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), and ATM. DNA
      PKcs plays a role in mammalian NHEJ, but it also influences HR through a complex
      regulatory network that may involve crosstalk with ATM, and the regulation of at
      least 12 proteins involved in HR that are phosphorylated by DNA-PKcs and/or ATM.

PMID- 18157162
TI  - Rimonabant (SR141716) exerts anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory effects in
      human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Rimonabant (SR141716) is the first selective cannabinoid
      receptor CB(1) antagonist described. Along with its anti-obesity action, emerging
      findings show potential anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory action of
      SR141716 in several in vitro and in vivo models. In this study we have
      investigated the anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory effects of SR141716 in
      human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We have
      evaluated in vitro the effect of SR141716 in human PBMCs stimulated with
      different mitogens. Cell proliferation was assessed by (3)H-thymidine
      incorporation. Cell cycle, cell death and apoptosis were analysed by flow
      cytometry. Protein expression was investigated by Western blot. KEY RESULTS:
      SR141716 significantly inhibited the proliferative response of PBMCs and this
      effect was accompanied by block of G(1)/S phase of the cell cycle without
      induction of apoptosis and cell death. SR141716 used in combination with 2-methyl
      arachidonyl-2'-fluoro-ethylamide (Met-F-AEA), a stable analogue of the endogenous
      cannabinoid anandamide, showed synergism rather than antagonism of the inhibition
      of cell proliferation. The immunomodulatory effects of SR141716 were associated
      with increased expression of IkappaB, phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and decreased
      expression of NF-kappaB, p-IkappaB, p-ERK, COX-2 and iNOS. CONCLUSIONS AND
      IMPLICATIONS: Our findings suggest SR141716 is a novel immunomodulatory drug with
      anti-inflammatory properties.

PMID- 18157163
TI  - alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist properties of tilorone and
      related tricyclic analogues.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has
      attracted considerable interest as a target for cognitive enhancement in
      schizophrenia and Alzheimer's Disease. However, most recently described alpha7
      agonists are derived from the quinuclidine structural class. Alternatively, the
      present study identifies tilorone as a novel alpha7-selective agonist and
      characterizes analogues developed from this lead. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Activity
      and selectivity were determined from rat brain alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR
      binding, recombinant nAChR activation, and native alpha7 nAChR mediated
      stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in PC12 cells. KEY RESULTS: Tilorone bound
      alpha7 nAChR (IC(50) 110 nM) with high selectivity relative to alpha4beta2
      (IC(50) 70 000 nM), activated human alpha7 nAChR with an EC(50) value of 2.5
      microM and maximal response of 67% relative to acetylcholine, and showed little
      agonist effect at human alpha3beta4 or alpha4beta2 nAChRs. However, the rat
      alpha7 nAChR maximal response was only 34%. Lead optimization led to 2-(5-methyl
      hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-xanthen-9-one (A-844606) with improved
      binding (alpha7 IC(50) 11 nM, alpha4beta2 IC(50)>30 000 nM) and activity at both
      human and rat alpha7 nAChR (EC(50)s 1.4 and 2.2 microM and apparent efficacies 61
      and 63%, respectively). These compounds also activated native alpha7 nAChR,
      stimulating ERK1/2 phosphorylation in PC12 cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS:
      Tilorone, known as an interferon inducer, is a selective alpha7 nAChR agonist,
      suggesting utility of the fluorenone pharmacophore for the development of alpha7
      nAChR selective agonists. Whether alpha7 stimulation mediates interferon
      induction, or whether interferon induction may influence the potential anti
      inflammatory properties of alpha7 nAChR agonists remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 18157164
TI  - Skeletal muscle expresses the extracellular cyclic AMP-adenosine pathway.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: cAMP is a key intracellular signalling molecule that
      regulates multiple processes of the vertebrate skeletal muscle. We have shown
      that cAMP can be actively pumped out from the skeletal muscle cell. Since in
      other tissues, cAMP efflux had been associated with extracellular generation of
      adenosine, in the present study we have assessed the fate of interstitial cAMP
      and the existence of an extracellular cAMP-adenosine signalling pathway in
      skeletal muscle. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: cAMP efflux and/or its extracellular
      degradation were analysed by incubating rat cultured skeletal muscle with
      exogenous cAMP, forskolin or isoprenaline. cAMP and its metabolites were
      quantified by radioassay or HPLC, respectively. KEY RESULTS: Incubation of cells
      with exogenous cAMP was followed by interstitial accumulation of 5'-AMP and
      adenosine, a phenomenon inhibited by selective inhibitors of ecto
      phosphodiesterase (DPSPX) and ecto-nucleotidase (AMPCP). Activation of adenylyl
      cyclase (AC) in cultured cells with forskolin or isoprenaline increased cAMP
      efflux and extracellular generation of 5'-AMP and adenosine. Extracellular cAMP
      adenosine pathway was also observed after direct and receptor-dependent
      stimulation of AC in rat extensor muscle ex vivo. These events were attenuated by
      probenecid, an inhibitor of ATP binding cassette family transporters. CONCLUSIONS
      AND IMPLICATIONS: Our results show the existence of an extracellular biochemical
      cascade that converts cAMP into adenosine. The functional relevance of this
      extracellular signalling system may involve a feedback modulation of cellular
      response initiated by several G protein-coupled receptor ligands, amplifying cAMP
      influence to a paracrine mode, through its metabolite, adenosine.

PMID- 18157165
TI  - Attenuation of inflammation and cytokine production in rat colitis by a novel
      selective inhibitor of leukotriene A4 hydrolase.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), formed by the sequential
      actions of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and leukotriene A(4) hydrolase (LTA(4)H), is
      a pro-inflammatory mediator implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel
      disease. However, inhibitors of 5-LO have not proved to be consistent in their
      therapeutic efficacy in colitis. Another approach to inhibiting LTB(4) synthesis
      is through the use of inhibitors of LTA(4)H, such as the novel, potent and
      selective compound, JNJ 26993135. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The effect of oral
      administration of JNJ 26993135 has been evaluated in a rat model of colitis
      provoked by colonic instillation of trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS). The
      extent and severity of the macroscopic inflammatory response, the colonic levels
      of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and LTB(4) and of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumour
      necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured. KEY
      RESULTS: Oral administration of JNJ 26993135 (5, 15 and 30 mg kg(-1), twice a
      day) dose-dependently reduced both the extent and intensity of the colonic
      inflammatory damage observed 3 days after TNBS challenge. JNJ 26993135 also dose
      dependently reduced the elevated colonic levels of LTB(4), as well as the
      inflammatory biomarkers, MPO, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. This dosing regimen was
      supported by the pharmacokinetic profile of JNJ 26993135, along with the
      demonstration of the inhibition of ex vivo production of LTB(4) in whole blood
      following oral administration. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These results with
      JNJ 26993135 in the rat TNBS model support the role of LTB(4) in colitis and the
      potential value of targeting LTA(4)H for the treatment of inflammatory bowel
      diseases.

PMID- 18157166
TI  - A study of antagonist affinities for the human histamine H2 receptor.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ligand affinity has been a fundamental concept in the
      field of pharmacology and has traditionally been considered to be constant for a
      given receptor-ligand interaction. Recent studies have demonstrated that this is
      not true for all three members of the G(s)-coupled beta-adrenoceptor family. This
      study evaluated antagonist affinity measurements at a different G(s)-coupled
      receptor, the histamine H(2) receptor, to determine whether antagonist affinity
      measurements made at a different family of GPCRs were constant. EXPERIMENTAL
      APPROACH: CHO cells stably expressing the human histamine H(2) receptor and a CRE
      SPAP reporter were used and antagonist affinity was assessed in short-term cAMP
      assays and longer term CRE gene transcription assays. KEY RESULTS: Nine agonists
      and seven antagonists, of sufficient potency at the H(2) receptor to examine in
      detail, were identified. Measurements of antagonist affinity were the same
      regardless of the efficacy of the competing agonist, time of agonist incubation,
      cellular response measured or presence of a PDE inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS AND
      IMPLICATIONS: Antagonist affinity at the G(s)-coupled histamine H(2) receptor
      obeys the accepted dogma for antagonism at GPCRs. This study further confirms
      that something unusual is indeed happening with the beta-adrenoceptors and is not
      an artefact related to the transfected cell system used. As the human histamine
      H(2) receptor does not behave in a similar manner to any of the human beta
      adrenoceptors, it is clear that information gathered from one GPCR cannot be
      simply extrapolated to predict the behaviour of another GPCR. Each GPCR therefore
      requires careful and detailed evaluation on its own.

PMID- 18157167
TI  - Different mechanisms underlie the analgesic actions of paracetamol and dipyrone
      in a rat model of inflammatory pain.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The analgesics, paracetamol and dipyrone are weak
      inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase isoforms 1 or 2 (COX-1, COX-2) but more potent
      on COX-3. Both are also weak anti-inflammatory agents, relative to their
      analgesic and antipyretic activities. In a model of inflammatory pain mediated by
      prostaglandins, both compounds were analgesic. We have analysed this shared
      effect further in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL
      APPROACH: Inflammation was induced in one hind paw of rats by intraplantar
      injection of 250 microg lambda-carrageenan (CG) and the contralateral paw
      injected with saline. Nociceptive thresholds to mechanical stimulation were
      measured immediately before and for 6 h after, injection of CG. The analgesics
      were s.c. or locally (intraplantar) injected either 30 min before or 2 h after
      CG. In some groups, naltrexone was injected (s.c. or intraplantar), 1 h before
      CG. KEY RESULTS: Pretreatment with paracetamol or dipyrone (60-360 mg kg(-1))
      reversed hyperalgesia induced by CG and increased nociceptive threshold in the
      inflamed paw above the basal level (hypoalgesia). Paracetamol, but not dipyrone,
      also raised nociceptive thresholds in the non-inflamed paw. Subcutaneous, but not
      local, administration of naltrexone, a specific opioid antagonist, reversed the
      hypoalgesia induced by paracetamol, but similar naltrexone treatment had no
      effect on dipyrone-induced analgesia. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Although both
      paracetamol and dipyrone are inhibitors of COX isoforms and thus of prostaglandin
      biosynthesis and were analgesic in our model, their analgesic actions were
      functionally and mechanistically different. Satisfactory mechanisms of action for
      these analgesics still remain to be established.

PMID- 18157168
TI  - Experimental models, neurovascular mechanisms and translational issues in stroke
      research.
AB  - Numerous failures in clinical stroke trials have led to some pessimism in the
      field. This short review examines the following questions: Can experimental
      models of stroke be validated? How can combination stroke therapies be
      productively pursued? Can we achieve neuroprotection without reperfusion? And
      finally, can we move from a pure neurobiology view of stroke towards a more
      integrative approach targeting all cell types within the entire neurovascular
      unit? Emerging data from both experimental models and clinical findings suggest
      that neurovascular mechanisms may provide new opportunities for treating stroke.
      Ultimately, both bench-to-bedside and bedside-back-to-bench interactions may be
      required to overcome the translational hurdles for this challenging disease.

PMID- 18157171
TI  - The neurobiology of cell death in glaucoma.
AB  - Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy in which the optic nerve axons are damaged,
      resulting in death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The primary region of damage
      is thought to be the optic nerve head (ONH), with the lateral geniculate nucleus
      (LGN) and optic radiations to the visual cortex being secondarily affected.
      Neurotrophin deprivation resulting from optic nerve injury is thought to cause
      RGCs to die by apoptosis by inhibition of cell survival pathways. However,
      disruption of retrograde axonal transport is not the only mechanism associated
      with optic nerve damage and RGC death, and thus, an additional mechanism of
      injury is likely to be involved in glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

PMID- 18157169
TI  - Testosterone protects rat hearts against ischaemic insults by enhancing the
      effects of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor stimulation.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Testosterone alleviates symptoms in patients with
      ischaemic heart disease. Androgen receptors are present in the heart, and
      testosterone upregulates gene expression of cardiac beta(1)-adrenoceptors. We
      hypothesize that testosterone may confer cardioprotection by interacting with
      adrenoceptors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: In isolated perfused hearts and ventricular
      myocytes from orchidectomized rats without or with testosterone (200 microg/100
      g) replacement, we first determined the effect of ischaemia/reperfusion in the
      presence of noradrenaline (10(-7) M). Then we determined the contribution of
      interactions between testosterone and alpha(1)- or beta(1)-adrenoceptors in
      cardiac injury/protection (infarct size, release of lactate dehydrogenase,
      viability of myocytes, recovery of contractile function and incidence of
      arrhythmias) upon ischaemia/reperfusion by pharmacological manipulation using
      selective adrenoceptor agonists (alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist: phenylephrine 10(
      6) M; non-selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist: isoprenaline 10(-7) M) and
      antagonists (alpha(1): prazosin or benoxathian 10(-6) M; beta(1): CGP 20712A 5 x
      10(-7) M). We also determined the expression of alpha(1) and beta(1)-adrenoceptor
      in the hearts from rats with and without testosterone. KEY RESULTS: Testosterone
      reduced injury induced by ischaemia/reperfusion and noradrenaline. This was
      achieved by enhancing the beneficial effect of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor stimulation,
      which was greater than the deleterious effect of beta(1)-adrenoceptor stimulation
      (also enhanced by testosterone). The effects of testosterone were abolished or
      attenuated by blockade of androgen receptors. Testosterone also enhanced the
      expression of alpha(1A) and beta(1)-adrenoceptor. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS:
      Testosterone conferred cardioprotection by upregulating the cardiac alpha(1)
      adrenoceptor and enhancing the effects of stimulation of this adrenoceptor. The
      effect of testosterone was at least partly mediated by androgen receptors.

PMID- 18157175
TI  - Tools for studying early events in optic neuropathies.
AB  - Most optic nerve injuries are axonal. Neurotrophin deprivation induces death of
      retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in such cases, but this is probably not the only
      mechanism that causes their death. Various fluorophores and agents that block
      mitochondrial electron transport have been used to show that superoxide generated
      in the mitochondrial electron transport chain could act, in addition to
      neurotrophin deprivation, to signal cell death after axonal injury. More
      specifically, sulphydryls--probably on proteins--are downstream regulators of
      this signalling pathway, as shown by the neuroprotective effects of inhibition of
      sulphydryl oxidation by tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine in in vivo rat models.
      Other tools used to study early events in RGC death include novel reducing
      agents, inducible superoxide dismutase, and differentiation of the RGC-5 cell
      line.

PMID- 18157184
TI  - World Glaucoma Day, March 6, 2008--what can you do?

PMID- 18157186
TI  - Smacking--are we being too heavy-handed? Findings from the Pacific Islands
      Families Study.
AB  - AIMS: To report the types, frequency, and concordance of physical punishments
      employed by parents on their Pacific children at ages 1, 2, and 4 years. METHODS:
      A cohort of Pacific infants born during 2000 in South Auckland, New Zealand, was
      followed. Separate home interviews that included questions about child discipline
      were undertaken at 1-year, 2-years, and 4-years postpartum for mothers, and 1
      year and 2-years postpartum for fathers. RESULTS: Maternal interviews were
      completed from 1224, 1144, and 1048 mothers and 825 and 757 fathers respectively.
      Over these measurement waves, the prevalence of smacking was 21.5%, 52.0%, and
      77.1% for mothers and 24.4% and 78.4% for fathers, while the prevalence of
      hitting with an object (such as a spoon or belt) was 0.2%, 6.6%, and 24.3% for
      mothers and 1.3% and 13.2% for fathers. There was poor statistical agreement in
      physical punishment administered between mothers and fathers, and significant
      asymmetry with fathers more likely to employ harsher punishment than mothers.
      CONCLUSIONS: Smacking is a widespread form of discipline administered to Pacific
      children, and hitting with objects is common. If the use of objects constitutes a
      consequential assault in the newly ratified Crimes (Substituted Section 59)
      Amendment Act 2007 then many parents within this cohort are in breach of this
      law. We believe that guidelines for corporal punishment which is legally
      acceptable needs to be made explicit to all, and widespread culturally sensitive
      efforts to teach parents positive parent management strategies is urgently
      required.

PMID- 18157187
TI  - Punishment of children in relation to the new anti-smacking law in New Zealand.

PMID- 18157188
TI  - Parental and adolescent smoking: does the association vary with gender and
      ethnicity?
AB  - AIM: Determine whether parental smoking is a consistent risk factor for
      adolescent smoking in a multi-ethnic sample, and whether maternal and paternal
      effects combine additively or multiplicatively. METHODS: Annual national cross
      sectional surveys (2002-2004 combined) with multi-ethnic sample of 91,219 Year 10
      students from New Zealand who answered a questionnaire on personal and parental
      smoking. RESULTS: Maternal smoking and paternal smoking were associated
      separately with increased risk of daily adolescent smoking in all ethnic groups
      except paternal smoking in Asian youth. The relative risk of adolescent daily
      smoking (adjusted for age and sex) was significantly higher for maternal only
      smoking compared with paternal only smoking in each ethnic group: Asians 5.50
      (95% CI: 3.55-8.52), Europeans 1.38 (1.26-1.52), Pacific Islanders 1.38 (1.10
      1.73), and Maori 1.10 (1.00-1.21). The excess maternal effect varied inversely
      with smoking prevalence. The net effects of maternal and parental smoking are
      additive among European, Maori, and Pacific Island students, but multiplicative
      in Asian. Overall, about 40% of adolescent daily smokers could be attributed to
      parental smoking. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that parental smoking is a
      consistent risk factor for adolescent smoking in all ethnic groups. Prevention
      strategies targeted at parents may help limit the uptake of smoking by
      adolescents.

PMID- 18157189
TI  - Non-fatal work-related motor vehicle traffic crash injuries in New Zealand:
      analysis of a national claims database.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This study describes event rates and associated costs from non-fatal
      work-related motor vehicle traffic crash (WR MVTC) injuries on public roads in
      New Zealand based on an analysis of the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC)
      entitlement claims database. METHODS: WR MVTC injury claims between July 2004 and
      June 2006 were identified from the ACC Motor Vehicle Account. Cross-sectional
      analyses were performed to describe the characteristics of the claims. Injury
      rates were estimated where appropriate. RESULTS: The overall age-standardised
      rate of non-fatal WR MVTC injury claims during the study period was 109 per
      100,000 workers per year. The majority of claimants were male (75%) and New
      Zealand (NZ) European (67%), and one in three of these injuries occurred among
      plant and machine operators and assemblers. In contrast to rates of road traffic
      injury resulting in deaths and hospital admissions in NZ, younger and older
      workers had similar proportionate representation in the claims data. The total
      cost associated with the 1968 claims made during the 12 months from July 2004 to
      June 2005 was approximately NZ$6 million, with an average cost per claim of
      NZ$2884. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first published analysis of
      non-fatal WR MVTC injury claims in New Zealand. These analyses identify industry
      and demographic groups that appear to be at increased risk of WR MVTC injuries
      that could be targeted for preventive interventions. However, a number of
      limitations in the database, including uncertainties regarding the definition and
      coding of crashes deemed as "work-related", under-reporting of claims, and lack
      of a reliable indicator of injury severity significantly compromised our ability
      to interpret the results. Considerable improvement in the quality and reporting
      of claims data is required to facilitate the utility of this information to
      inform injury prevention strategies.

PMID- 18157190
TI  - Young people, money, and access to tobacco.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The social and family processes involved in children's sources and
      use of money in relation to buying cigarettes are not well understood. Hence this
      study investigated how Maori, Pacific Island, European, and Asian school students
      access cigarettes, with a special focus on their disposable income. METHOD:
      Students aged 11-15 years, recruited through schools, participated in 12 focus
      groups run by ethnically matched senior student facilitators and researchers.
      Topics discussed included sources of student money, parental monitoring of the
      use of money and student access to cigarettes. RESULTS: Students reported that
      young people can easily buy cigarettes from tobacco retailers. They could also be
      bought cheaply (50 cents for a roll-your-own) and/or on an "I owe you" basis from
      friends and social suppliers. Students used money from family, and money that was
      earned, "scabbed", and borrowed from friends. Cigarettes were also obtained
      freely from family members or from adults on the street. Whilst parents monitored
      students' use of large amounts of money, participants experienced relative
      freedom to spend small amounts which they saved out of money provided by parents
      for lunches and other purposes. Students were open to parental advice on how to
      use money but felt they should have the final say. CONCLUSION: Cigarettes
      continue to be accessible to children free or at affordable prices. Adults and
      family members must be discouraged from supplying cigarettes to children. Parents
      should be made aware of the way children use small amounts of money and advised
      to monitor, educate, and guide them to discourage cigarette purchase.

PMID- 18157191
TI  - Raising non-smokers.

PMID- 18157192
TI  - Punitive parenting practices of contemporary young parents.
AB  - AIMS: To describe the punitive parenting practices of a cohort of young (<25
      years) New Zealand parents and to examine the life course risk factors that
      placed these parents at increased risk of severe child physical punishment/abuse.
      METHODS: The data were gathered as part of the Christchurch Health and
      Development Study. At age 25, all respondents who had become a parent were
      interviewed about their parenting practices and family circumstances, including
      an assessment of child physical punishment/abuse using the Parent-Child Conflict
      Tactics Scale. The present analysis was confined to those young parents (n=155)
      who were living full-time with their children at the time of assessment. RESULTS:
      Amongst this high-risk group of young parents, 77% reported having physically
      punished a child and almost 12% reported having severely physically assaulted a
      child in the past year. Although higher rates of child physical punishment were
      reported for parents of older children, a substantial proportion of parents
      reported having physically disciplined an infant (37%) or preschooler (84%) in
      their care. Risks of severe physical punishment/abuse were greatest amongst those
      young parents from lower socioeconomic status family backgrounds whose own
      parents were controlling, restrictive, and over-protective, and who (as young
      adult parents) were responsible for the care of larger numbers of children under
      conditions of socioeconomic and family functioning stress. CONCLUSIONS: The use
      of physical punishment and more severe forms of physical assault/abuse are
      relatively common amongst contemporary young parents. Implications of study
      findings for social policy aimed at reducing levels of family violence in New
      Zealand are considered.

PMID- 18157193
TI  - Medical images. Cardiac stab injury.

PMID- 18157194
TI  - Texting tenosynovitis.

PMID- 18157196
TI  - Medical images. An unusual manifestation of Henoch-Schonlein purpura:
      haemorrhagic bullous lesions.

PMID- 18157195
TI  - Two cases of parotid tuberculosis.

PMID- 18157197
TI  - Ten citation classics from the New Zealand Medical Journal.
AB  - Although their contribution may go unrecognised at the time, if journal citations
      are indeed the "currency" of science, then citation classics could justifiably be
      regarded as the "gold bullion". This article examines the 10 most highly-cited
      articles published by the New Zealand Medical Journal (NZMJ), as of August 2007.
      By topic, the top cited article described a study of risk factors for sudden
      infant death syndrome among New Zealand infants, while 3 of the remaining 9
      articles focused on asthma. Most citation classics from the NZMJ were
      comparatively recent, with the top cited article being published in 1991, 7
      having been published in the 1980s, and 2 in the 1970s. Overall, this study
      clearly demonstrates the international relevance of New Zealand medical
      researchers, and the significant global impact of their findings for human
      health.

PMID- 18157198
TI  - The new International Health Regulations: a revolutionary change in global health
      security.
AB  - The International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR 2005) came into force in June
      2007. These revised Regulations contain many important changes compared with the
      previous agreement that they replaced (IHR 1969). This revision was driven by
      concerns about increasing global health threats and the need to respond with more
      effective surveillance and control practices. The IHR 2005 agreement: greatly
      expands the range of events which states must notify to the World Health
      Organization (WHO) and to which the Regulations apply; introduces a new class of
      event, the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) which is
      defined based on modern risk assessment principles; recognises a wide range of
      surveillance sources that WHO may use; requires states to establish National IHR
      Focal Points which are responsible for communication with WHO and for the
      collation and dissemination of information within each state; introduces
      processes for WHO to investigate, assess, and declare PHEIC; introduces
      mechanisms for WHO to formally recommend health measures; requires WHO to seek
      external advice regarding operation of the IHR; obliges states to develop core
      capacities for surveillance, response, and points of entry; applies human rights
      principles; updates provisions for borders, travellers, and conveyances; and
      specifies situations where international collaboration should occur. With
      collective national and international effort to implement these new Regulations,
      the IHR 2005 will support greater global health security for all.

PMID- 18157199
TI  - Adenosine challenge in the diagnosis of inapparent accessory pathways.

PMID- 18157201
TI  - Salamol--was it worth it?

PMID- 18157200
TI  - Is Salamol less effective than Ventolin? A randomised, blinded, crossover study
      in New Zealand.
AB  - AIM: The effectiveness of the fully subsidised bronchodilator in New Zealand,
      Salamol, has recently been questioned. We compared the efficacy of Salamol and
      Ventolin inhalers in relieving acute bronchospasm. We also tested the efficacy of
      partially used Salamol inhalers because of concerns that the device may become
      blocked during use. METHODS: 12 asthmatic subjects were enrolled in this
      randomised, single-blind, 3-way crossover study. Subjects inhaled methacholine to
      produce a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) on 3 different
      days. Salbutamol was given post-bronchoconstriction as Ventolin, Salamol (new),
      or Salamol (used) in random order. Inhalations of 100, 100, and 200 mcg
      salbutamol were delivered at 5 minute intervals via spacer and FEV1 was measured
      5 minutes after each dose. The main outcome variable was the area under the
      salbutamol dose response curve. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in
      the bronchodilator response to salbutamol whether delivered as Ventolin or
      Salamol (p=0.63). Furthermore, there was no difference in bronchodilator response
      between used Salamol inhalers and new Salamol inhalers (p=0.60) or between used
      Salamol inhalers and Ventolin (p=0.08). The final FEV1s at 15 minutes (after a
      total of 400mcg salbutamol) were also similar for the different inhalers.
      CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence that either new or partially used Salamol
      inhalers are less effective at relieving acute bronchoconstriction than Ventolin.

PMID- 18157202
TI  - Multiple lipomatosis--a rare cause for small bowel intussusception.

PMID- 18157203
TI  - Mind games.

PMID- 18157204
TI  - Complaint against Medsafe on the matter of antidepressants for adolescents.

PMID- 18157205
TI  - Electromagnetic modified Bessel-Gauss beams and waves.
AB  - The transverse magnetic (TM) modified Bessel-Gauss beams and their full-wave
      generalizations are treated. Attention is paid to the spreading properties on
      propagation of the null in the radiation intensity pattern for the azimuthal mode
      numbers m=0 and 1. The rate of spreading of the null in the propagation direction
      is significantly less for the TM modified Bessel-Gauss waves than those for the
      corresponding TM Bessel-Gauss waves. The total power transported by the waves is
      determined and compared with that of the corresponding paraxial beam to estimate
      the quality of the paraxial beam approximation of the wave. The dependence of the
      quality of the paraxial beam approximation on the azimuthal mode number, the beam
      shape parameter, and the ratio of the beam waist to the wavelength has a regular
      pattern for the TM Bessel-Gauss wave and not for the TM modified Bessel-Gauss
      wave.

PMID- 18157206
TI  - Statistics of local speckle contrast.
AB  - In describing the first-order properties of laser speckle under polarized
      illumination conditions, it is almost an article of faith that the contrast is
      unity. In many processing schemes, however, the contrast defined as the quotient
      of the standard deviation and the mean is calculated over a localized spatial
      region. In such cases, this local contrast displays a distribution of values that
      can depart substantially from unity. Properties of this distribution depend on
      details of the data acquisition and on the size of the local neighborhood over
      which the contrast is calculated. We demonstrate that this local contrast can be
      characterized in terms of a log-normal distribution. Further, we show that the
      two defining parameters of this model can in turn be expressed in terms of the
      minimum speckle size and the extent of the local neighborhood. Performance of the
      model is illustrated with some typical optical coherence tomography data.

PMID- 18157207
TI  - Statistics of the depth-scan photocurrent in time-domain optical coherence
      tomography.
AB  - We derive the time-variant second-order statistics of the depth-scan photocurrent
      in time-domain optical coherence tomography (TD-OCT) systems using polarized
      thermal light sources and superluminescent diodes (SLDs). Since the asymptotic
      joint-probability-distribution function (JPDF) of the photocurrent due to
      polarized thermal light is Gaussian and the signal-noise-ratio in TD-OCT is
      typically high (>80 dB), the JPDF of the depth-scan photocurrent could be
      approximated as a Gaussian random process that is completely determined by its
      second-order statistics. We analyze both direct and differential light detection
      schemes and include the effect of electronic thermal fluctuations. Our results
      are a necessary prerequisite for future development of statistical image
      processing techniques for TD-OCT.

PMID- 18157208
TI  - Spreading and directionality of partially coherent Hermite-Gaussian beams
      propagating through atmospheric turbulence.
AB  - The closed-form expression for the mean-squared beam width of partially coherent
      Hermite-Gaussian (H-G) beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence is
      derived. The influence of turbulence on the spreading of partially coherent H-G
      beams is studied quantitatively by examining the mean-squared beam width. It is
      found that the smaller the coherence length sigma(0) of the source is, and the
      larger the beam order m and the wavelength lambda are, the less partially
      coherent H-G beams are affected by the turbulence, although the beams with
      smaller sigma(0), larger m, and larger lambda have greater spreading in free
      space. In addition, it is shown that two partially coherent H-G beams may
      generate the same angular spread and that there exist equivalent partially
      coherent H-G beams that may have the same directionality as a fully coherent
      Gaussian beam in free space and also in turbulence. The results are illustrated
      by examples, and a comparison with previous work is also made.

PMID- 18157209
TI  - Development of a sky imager for cloud cover assessment.
AB  - Based on a CCD camera, we have developed an in-house sky imager system for the
      purpose of cloud cover estimation and characterization. The system captures a
      multispectral image every 5 min, and the analysis is done with a method based on
      an optimized neural network classification procedure and a genetic algorithm. The
      method discriminates between clear sky and two cloud classes: opaque and thin
      clouds. It also divides the image into sectors and finds the percentage of clouds
      in those different regions. We have validated the classification algorithm on two
      levels: image level, using the cloud observations included in the METAR register
      performed at the closest meteorological station, and pixel level, determining
      whether the final classification is correct.

PMID- 18157210
TI  - Pseudo-Fourier modal analysis of two-dimensional arbitrarily shaped grating
      structures.
AB  - The pseudo-Fourier modal analysis of two-dimensional arbitrarily shaped grating
      structures is described. It is shown that the pseudo-Fourier modal analysis has
      an advantage of improved structure modeling over the conventional rigorous
      coupled-wave analysis. In the conventional rigorous coupled-wave analysis,
      grating structures are modeled by the staircase approximation, which is well
      known to have inherent significant errors under TM polarization. However, in the
      pseudo-Fourier modal analysis, such a limitation of the staircase approximation
      can be overcome through the smooth-structure modeling based on two-dimensional
      Fourier representation. The validity of the claim is proved with some comparative
      numerical results from the proposed pseudo-Fourier modal analysis and the
      conventional rigorous coupled-wave analysis.

PMID- 18157211
TI  - Chiral nihility effects on energy flow in chiral materials.
AB  - The propagation of electromagnetic plane waves in an isotropic chiral medium is
      characterized, and a special interest is shown in chiral nihility and the effects
      of chirality on energy transmission. In particular, the wave impedance is matched
      to that of free space. Moreover, the refractive index n is also matched in
      impedance to that of free space when an appropriate value of the chirality is
      chosen. A "chiral nihility" medium is explored in which both the permittivity and
      the permeability tend to zero. Some specific case studies of chiral nihility are
      presented, and Brewster angles are found to cover an extremely wide range. The E
      field distributions in these different cases where the chiral slab is placed in
      free space are analyzed by using the appropriate constitutive relations. It is
      shown from numerical calculations that one can obtain some critical
      characteristics of the effects of chirality on energy transmission and
      reflection, such as transparency and power tunneling.

PMID- 18157212
TI  - Light propagation in two-layer tissues with an irregular interface.
AB  - We study light propagation in a half-space composed of two homogeneous layers
      each having different optical properties from the other. This problem is a model
      for light propagation in tissues composed of a thin epithelial layer supported
      from below by a thick stromal layer. The interface between the two layers is
      irregular. Assuming that this interface is a small perturbation of a plane that
      is parallel to the boundary surface, we obtain an asymptotic approximation to the
      solution. We give a numerical method to compute this asymptotic approximation.
      Finally, we show how to recover this irregular interface surface from boundary
      measurements when the optical properties of the two layers are known.

PMID- 18157213
TI  - Propagation of a general multi-Gaussian beam in turbulent atmosphere in a slant
      path.
AB  - The propagation of a multi-Gaussian beam in turbulent atmosphere in a slant path
      is studied. The analytical expression for the average intensity of a general
      multi-Gaussian beam is derived. As special cases the average intensities of a two
      and a four-Gaussian beam are investigated and numerically calculated. The
      investigation reveals that at lower altitude and with large sigma the intensity
      distribution at the receiver plane can have a shape (multiple peaks) similar to
      that at the source plane. But with increase in altitude or decrease in sigma, the
      multiple peaks gradually disappear and evolve into the profile of a fundamental
      Gaussian beam. From the comparisons between the different propagations we can see
      that the beam spreading due to wavelength and initial waist width in a slant path
      is much slower than that in a horizontal path.

PMID- 18157214
TI  - Gaussian-beam mode analysis of reflection and transmission in multilayer
      dielectrics.
AB  - The analysis of reflections from thin films or dielectric materials can be
      approached by a matrix method that treats any thin-layer device as a cascade of
      sequential, zero-thickness reflecting thin-layer surfaces [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A2,
      1363 (1985)]. Our paper presents an alternative method for predicting the
      reflection/transmission characteristics of such dielectric films in a Fabry-Perot
      interferometer configuration based on a Gaussian-beam modal analysis within a
      scattering-matrix framework [in Proceedings of IEE 7th International Conference
      on Antennas and Propagation (IEE, 1991), Issue 15, p. 201.] We present and
      validate a scalar Gaussian-beam modal scattering-matrix approach using long
      wavelength examples, where diffraction effects are important to model total
      transmission and reflection characteristics that also include a waveguide modal
      description of a corrugated horn. For optical beams the same technique is equally
      applicable, but diffraction is less severe within this framework. This approach
      is flexible and has many applications within laser optics and in far-infrared or
      submillimeter-instrumentation optical analysis, where it is possible to
      incorporate reflections in both waveguide and free space within the description
      of a whole system. To conclude and verify the accuracy of the technique,
      experimental measurements taken at 94 GHz are compared with theoretical
      predictions for a dielectric cavity of polyethylene sheets between corrugated
      source and detector antennas.

PMID- 18157215
TI  - Scattering from rough thin films: discrete-dipole-approximation simulations.
AB  - We investigate the wave-optical light scattering properties of deformed thin
      circular films of constant thickness using the discrete-dipole approximation.
      Effects on the intensity distribution of the scattered light due to different
      statistical roughness models, model dependent roughness parameters, and
      uncorrelated, random, small-scale porosity of the inhomogeneous medium are
      studied. The suitability of the discrete-dipole approximation for rough-surface
      scattering problems is evaluated by considering thin films as computationally
      feasible rough-surface analogs. The effects due to small-scale inhomogeneity of
      the scattering medium are compared with the analytic approximation by Maxwell
      Garnett, and the results are found to agree with the approximation.

PMID- 18157216
TI  - Reflection symmetry of a sphere's internal field and its consequences on
      scattering: a microphysical approach.
AB  - We examine the reflection symmetries of the electromagnetic wave inside of a
      uniform spherical particle and identify the consequences of the symmetries for
      the Stokes parameters describing the polarization state of the far-field
      scattered wave. The connection between the two waves is described from a
      microphysical perspective that illustrates the wavelet-superposition origin of
      the scattered wave. In contrast to more conventional approaches, this
      microphysical perspective yields new insight into the physical character of the
      scattering of a plane wave by a sphere. The results of simulations are presented,
      which graphically demonstrate the relation between the symmetries present in the
      internal wave and the polarization state of the scattered wave.

PMID- 18157217
TI  - Noninterferometric phase retrieval using a fractional Fourier system.
AB  - The signal extraction method based on intensity measurements in two close
      fractional Fourier domains is examined by using the phase space formalism. The
      fractional order separation has a lower bound and an upper bound that depend on
      the signal at hand and the noise in the optical system used for measurement. On
      the basis of a theoretical analysis, it is shown that for a given optical system
      a judicious choice of fractional order separation requires some a priori
      knowledge of the signal bandwidth. We also present some experimental results in
      support of the analysis.

PMID- 18157218
TI  - Fundamental radar properties. II. Coherent phenomena in space-time.
AB  - A previous publication [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A19, 946-956 (2002)] presented a general
      formulation of radiative systems based on special relativity, and properties of
      imaging radar were derived as examples. Complex and diverse properties of radar
      images were shown to have a simple and unified origin when viewed as lower
      dimensional (temporal) projections of the space-time structure of a radar
      observation. A diagram was developed that could be manipulated for a simple,
      intuitive view of the underlying structure of radar observations and phenomena.
      That treatment is here extended to include coherent phenomena as they appear in
      the lower time dimensions of the image. Various known coherent properties of
      imaging radar and interferometry are derived. The formulation is shown to be a
      generalization of a conventional echo correlation and is extended to a second
      spatial dimension. From this perspective, coherent properties also have a
      surprisingly simple and unified structure; their observed complexity is somewhat
      illusory, also a consequence of projection onto the lower temporal dimension of
      the receiver. While this formulation and the rules governing it are quite
      different from the standard treatments, they have the considerable advantage of
      providing a much simpler, intuitive, and unified description of radiative (radar
      and optical) systems that is rooted in fundamental physics.

PMID- 18157219
TI  - Uniform line integral representation of edge-diffracted fields.
AB  - A uniform line integral representation is derived for edge-diffracted fields by
      using the modified theory of physical optics and uniform asymptotic evaluation
      methods. The method is applied to the problem of diffraction of plane waves by a
      semi-infinite edge, which creates tip-diffracted fields with edge-diffracted
      waves. The uniform diffracted fields are plotted and examined numerically.

PMID- 18157220
TI  - Wide-angle, finite-difference beam propagation in oblique coordinate system.
AB  - The one-way wave equation in the oblique coordinate system in terms of the square
      root operator is derived. This equation forms the basis for the development of
      efficient algorithms using the beam propagation method for the design and
      optimization of integrated optical devices. In an illustrative example, using the
      derived one-way wave equation, Anada's very-wide-angle algorithm is generalized
      to the oblique coordinate system. Since in the oblique coordinate system the
      direction of propagation can be selected freely to follow the path of the optical
      beam and to minimize the stair-casing errors, the algorithm is expected to show
      superior performance, which is confirmed by the results obtained.

PMID- 18157221
TI  - Localization and characterization of simple defects in finite-sized photonic
      crystals.
AB  - Structured materials like photonic crystals require for optimal use a high degree
      of precision with respect to both position and optical characteristics of their
      components. Here we present a simple tomographic algorithm, based on a specific
      Green's function together with a first-order Born approximation, which enables us
      to localize and characterize identical defects in finite-sized photonic crystals.
      This algorithm is proposed as a first step to the monitoring of such materials.
      Illustrative numerical results show in particular the possibility of focalization
      beyond the Rayleigh criterion.

PMID- 18157222
TI  - Optimization algorithm for ultrabroadband multichannel aperiodic fiber Bragg
      grating filters.
AB  - We consider an approach to designing complex multichannel filters for
      ultrabroadband applications. In contrast to earlier approaches that are
      restricted to specific problems, our generalized method can be applied to any
      conceivable fiber Bragg grating (FBG) multichannel design. Our method
      accommodates hundreds of filter channels that are spaced unevenly in wavelength,
      with variable widths, depths, and shapes. We demonstrate the power of the method
      for an FBG design with 150 narrow channels over the region 1400-1800 nm.

PMID- 18157223
TI  - Measurement of the point-spread function of a noisy imaging system.
AB  - The averaged point-spread function (PSF) estimation of an image acquisition
      system is important for many computer vision applications, including edge
      detection and depth from defocus. The paper compares several mathematical models
      of the PSF and presents an improved measurement technique that enables subpixel
      estimation of 2D functions. New methods for noise suppression and uneven
      illumination modeling were incorporated. The PSF was computed from an ensemble of
      edge-spread function measurements. The generalized Gaussian was shown to be an 8
      times better fit to the estimated PSF than the Gaussian and a 14 times better fit
      than the pillbox model.

PMID- 18157224
TI  - Symmetric array of off-axis singular beams: spiral beams and their critical
      points.
AB  - We consider conditions of structural stability under which the array of singular
      beams preserves its topological structure and intensity distribution while
      slightly perturbing its intrinsic parameters. The orbital angular momentum of the
      array as a function of the array parameters is a characteristic function, and its
      extreme points correspond to stable and unstable array states.

PMID- 18157225
TI  - Analysis of diffraction from the occulter edges of a giant externally occulted
      solar coronagraph.
AB  - A technique is described for the calculation of the intensity of the light
      diffracted by the occulter of an externally occulted solar coronagraph. This
      technique can be applied to an occulter of generic shape, but the attention is
      here focused on a specific application; that is, the case of a giant space solar
      coronagraph, in which the occulter is located at 100 m from the telescope
      aperture. By means of the code developed, it has been possible to simulate the
      effects of various shapes of the occulter edge with the aim of analyzing in
      detail the best apodization for the coronagraph. The results obtained show that
      an occulter with a circular serrated edge allows a remarkable reduction of the
      amount of diffracted light on the coronagraph's entrance aperture with respect to
      a simpler circular disk case.

PMID- 18157226
TI  - Gestalt and phenomenal transparency.
AB  - Phenomenal transparency is commonly studied by using a stimulus configuration
      introduced by Metelli: a bipartite patch, divided into equal left and right
      halves is overlaid with a smaller, concentric bipartite patch, divided along the
      same line. Observers are instructed to report either a transparent patch over an
      opaque bipartite field or a mosaic of four opaque patches. We show theoretically
      and empirically that these are only two of five generic perceptual categories,
      namely, transparent patch, transparent annulus (hole), mosaic, partial
      transparency, and multiple transparency (ambiguous) cases. Thus Gestalt factors
      complicate the interpretation "phenomenal transparency." We propose a framework
      that avoids this complication. There is excellent agreement between predictions
      and results.

PMID- 18157227
TI  - Reciprocal vector theory for diffractive self-imaging.
AB  - A reciprocal vector theory for analysis of the Talbot effect of periodic objects
      is proposed. Using this method we deduce a general condition for determining the
      Talbot distance. Talbot distances of some typical arrays (a rectangular array, a
      centered-square array, and a hexagonal array) are derived from this condition.
      Further, the fractional Talbot effect of a one-dimensional grating, a square
      array, a centered-square array, and a hexagonal array is analyzed and some simple
      analytical expressions for calculation of the complex amplitude distribution at
      any fractional Talbot plane are deduced. Based on these formulas, we design some
      Talbot array illuminators with a high compression ratio. Finally, some computer
      simulated results consistent with the theoretical analysis are given.

PMID- 18157228
TI  - Summing Pauli asymptotic series to solve the wedge problem.
AB  - The use of the asymptotic treatment for the wedge diffraction problem established
      long ago by Pauli [Phys. Rev.54, 924 (1938)] is here revisited and proposed in
      the character of a powerful computational tool for accurately retrieving the
      total electromagnetic field even in the near zone. After proving its factorial
      divergent character, the Pauli series is summed through the Weniger
      transformation, a nonlinear resummation scheme particularly efficient in the case
      of factorial divergence. Numerical results are carried out to show the accuracy
      and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

PMID- 18157229
TI  - Equal-frequency surface analysis of two-dimensional photonic crystals.
AB  - This paper presents an analytical treatment of equal-frequency surface analysis
      of a two-dimensional photonic crystal. We first define the equal-frequency
      surface in terms of plane waves, which can be numerically evaluated. Then one-
      and two-plane-wave approximations are proposed, which consequently lead to
      analytical expressions of the equal-frequency surface. The approach presented is
      well suited to two-dimensional photonic crystals of weak dielectric modulation.
      For photonic crystals with a large modulation, the approach can be used to gain a
      general idea of the shape of the bands.

PMID- 18157230
TI  - Vortex beam propagation through atmospheric turbulence and topological charge
      conservation.
AB  - The propagation of vortex beams through weak-to-strong atmospheric turbulence is
      simulated and analyzed. It is demonstrated that the topological charge of such a
      beam is a robust quantity that could be used as an information carrier in optical
      communications. The advantages and limitations of such an approach are discussed.

PMID- 18157231
TI  - The copula: a tool for simulating speckle dynamics.
AB  - Use of a copula for generating a sequence of correlated speckle patterns is
      introduced. The chief characteristic of this algorithm is that it generates a
      continuous speckle sequence with a specified evolution of the correlation and
      does so with just two arrays of random numbers. Thus, physically realistic
      temporally varying speckle patterns with proper first- and second-order
      statistics are easily realized. We illustrate use of the algorithm for generating
      sequences with prescribed Gaussian, exponential, and equal-interval correlations
      and demonstrate how correlation times can be specified independently. This
      approach to generating sequences of random realizations with prescribed
      correlations should prove useful in modeling such phenomena as dynamic light
      scatter, flow-dependent laser speckle contrast, and propagation of spatial
      coherence.

PMID- 18157232
TI  - Near-field behavior of zone-plate-like plasmonic nanostructures.
AB  - The near-field behavior of a new plasmonic structure, the plasmonic micro-zone
      plate (PMZP), is presented. The PMZP can realize superfocusing at a working
      distance on the micrometer scale and a resolving power beyond the diffraction
      limit. Compared with conventional Fresnel zone plates (CFZPs), its unique
      characteristics of a significantly elongated depth of focus (DOF) and focal
      length will make autofocusing easier for the relevant optical systems. These
      characteristics imply that it is possible to realize a free feedback control
      system for autofocusing systems in which probe scanning is performed with a
      constant working distance from the probe to the sample surface, provided that the
      flatness variation of the sample substrate is within the DOF. Moreover, unlike
      the CFZPs, there is no series of focal points appearing for beam propagation in
      the near-field region with a propagation distance ranging from lambda to 8 lambda
      or even longer. In addition, transmission properties in the near-field region are
      investigated by means of a computational simulation based on a finite-difference
      time-domain numerical algorithm. Peak transmission wavelength shifts were
      observed while the metal film thickness was changed. Focusing characteristics
      were analyzed for different numerical apertures of the PMZPs.

PMID- 18157233
TI  - Single dispersive gradient-index profile for the aging human lens.
AB  - We provide a single gradient-index (GRIN) profile for the crystalline lens in an
      updated age-dependent emmetropic-eye model. The parameters defining the GRIN
      profile include their variation with age and the dispersion of the refractive
      index in order to account for the increase in the positive-wave spherical
      aberration, for the constant chromatic difference in the refraction of the human
      eye, as well as for the decrease in the retinal-image quality with aging. In
      accounting for these ocular properties, the results show that first, the value of
      the dispersion parameters are invariant with age. Second, those parameters
      defining the distribution of the lens index cause the lens-center-index value to
      decrease slightly, and its position along the lens axis changes with age.
      Furthermore, these findings are in agreement with the lens paradox.

PMID- 18157234
TI  - Family of hypergeometric laser beams.
AB  - We discuss a three-parameter family of paraxial coherent light fields that
      originate from a complex amplitude composed of the following four cofactors: the
      Gaussian beam, a logarithmic axicon, a spiral phase plate (angular harmonic), and
      an amplitude power function with a possible singularity at the origin of
      coordinates. For such types of beams, the near-field complex amplitude is
      proportional to the degenerate hypergeometric function, prompting the beams' name
      -hypergeometric (HyG) beams. When the Gaussian beam is replaced by a plane wave,
      the above beams change to generalized HyG modes that preserve their structure up
      to scale upon propagation. The intensity profile of the HyG beams is similar to
      that of the Bessel modes, forming a set of alternating bright and dark rings.
      However, the thickness of the rings of the HyG beams decreases with increasing
      ring number.

PMID- 18157235
TI  - Phaseless imaging with experimental data: facts and challenges.
AB  - Two-dimensional target characterization using inverse profiling approaches with
      total-field phaseless data is discussed. Two different inversion schemes are
      compared. In the first one, the intensity-only data are exploited in a
      minimization scheme, thanks to a proper definition of the cost functional.
      Specific normalization and starting guess are introduced to avoid the need for
      global optimization methods. In the second scheme [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A21, 622
      (2004)], one exploits the field properties and the theoretical results on the
      inversion of quadratic operators to derive a two-step solution strategy, wherein
      the (complex) scattered fields embedded in the available data are retrieved first
      and then a traditional inverse scattering problem is solved. In both cases, the
      analytical properties of the fields allow one to properly fix the measurement
      setup and identify the more convenient strategy to adopt. Also, indications on
      the number and types of sources and receivers to be used are given. Results from
      experimental data show the efficiency of these approaches and the tools
      introduced.

PMID- 18157238
TI  - Near-field amplitude and phase measurements using heterodyne optical feedback on
      solid-state lasers.
AB  - Heterodyne optical feedback on a solid-state laser is experimentally investigated
      as an efficient tool to characterize coherently near-field evanescent waves. A
      well-known topography of evanescent field is obtained via a total internal
      reflection of the light beam emitted by a class B Yb:Er glass laser. A
      subwavelength size optical fiber tip is scanned to locally probe the resulting
      evanescent wave in the near field. After a frequency shifting using a pair of
      acousto-optic modulators, the collected light is optically reinjected to excite
      the relaxation oscillations of the laser. The resulting dynamical response
      simultaneously allows very sensitive measurements of the amplitude and the phase
      of the evanescent wave. Extension of these preliminary results to near-field
      optical microscopy is suggested and discussed.

PMID- 18157239
TI  - Proposal of a uniform fiber Bragg grating as an ultrafast all-optical integrator.
AB  - It is demonstrated that a uniform fiber Bragg grating (FBG) working in the linear
      regime inherently behaves as an optical temporal integrator over a limited time
      window. Specifically, the reflected temporal waveform from a weak-coupling
      uniform FBG is proportional to the time integral of an (arbitrary) optical pulse
      launched at the component input. This integration extends over a time window
      fixed by the duration of the squarelike temporal impulse response of the FBG.
      Ultrafast all-optical integrators capable of accurate operation over nanosecond
      time windows can be implemented using readily feasible FBGs. The introduced
      concepts are demonstrated by numerical simulations.

PMID- 18157240
TI  - Preparation, characterization, and heat resistance studies of a holographic
      photopolymer based on SU-8 epoxy resin.
AB  - A holographic photopolymer based on SU-8 epoxy resin as the binder and
      trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate as the monomer with an iodonium salt
      photoinitiator was studied. A diffraction efficiency of 93% and a refractive
      index modulation (Delta n) of 1.3 x 10(-2) were obtained from a 16 microm thick
      sample with write beam intensities of 50 mW/cm(2) at a wavelength of 514.5 nm, an
      exposure time of 60 s, and a postbaking at 65 degrees C for 1 h. The material
      exhibits good heat resistance in the range from 40 degrees C to 160 degrees C and
      long projected life.

PMID- 18157241
TI  - Imaging with an array of adaptive subapertures.
AB  - An imaging system composed of an array of adaptive optics subapertures referred
      to as a conformal imaging system is considered. A conformal image of an object
      viewed through atmospheric turbulence is obtained using the following sequential
      steps: adaptive compensation of phase distortions through optimization of image
      quality metrics at each subaperture, measurements of the phase and intensity
      distributions corresponding to the compensated subaperture images, digital
      combining and processing of the obtained data, computation of a conformal image
      using arbitrary phase shifts between subapertures, and correction of these phase
      shifts through conformal image quality optimization using the stochastic parallel
      gradient descent algorithm. Numerical simulation results of a dual-star conformal
      image through atmospheric turbulence are presented.

PMID- 18157242
TI  - Self-focusing dynamics of polarization vortices in Kerr media.
AB  - We investigate numerically and experimentally the spatial collapse dynamics and
      polarization stability of radially and azimuthally polarized vortex beams in pure
      Kerr medium. These beams are unstable to azimuthal modulation instabilities and
      break up into distinct collapsing filaments. The polarization of the filaments is
      primarily linear with weak circular components at the filaments' boundaries. This
      unique hybrid linear-circular polarization collapse pattern persists to advanced
      stages of collapse and appears to be a general feature of beams with spatially
      variant linear polarization.

PMID- 18157243
TI  - Dual-frequency Brillouin fiber laser for optical generation of tunable low-noise
      radio frequency/microwave frequency.
AB  - We demonstrate a new approach, i.e., a cw dual-frequency Brillouin fiber laser
      pumped by two independent single-frequency Er-doped fiber lasers, for the
      generation of tunable low-noise rf/microwave optical signals. Its inherent
      features of both linewidth narrowing effect in a Brillouin fiber cavity and
      common mode noise cancellation between two laser modes sharing a common cavity
      allow us to achieve high frequency stability without using a supercavity. Beat
      frequency of the dual-frequency Brillouin fiber laser can be tuned from tens of
      megahertz up to 100 GHz by thermally tuning the wavelengths of the two pump
      lasers with tuning sensitivity of approximately 1.4 GHz/ degrees C. Allan
      variance measurements show the beat signals have the hertz-level frequency
      stability.

PMID- 18157244
TI  - Frequency-domain modal delay measurement for higher-order mode fiber based on
      stretched pulse interference.
AB  - We propose and demonstrate a novel modal delay measurement technique for a higher
      order mode fiber (HOF) based on optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR)
      using an extremely simple, entirely passive, and ultrafast wavelength sweeping
      mechanism, namely, dispersion-induced optical pulse stretching. We obtained a
      high temporal resolution of approximately 1.12 ps, which was sufficient for
      discerning the four excited modes in an HOF with a length of only approximately 5
      m. The results from our measurements were very consistent with those obtained by
      using a traditional time-domain measurement method and a conventional OFDR
      measurement based on a tunable CW laser. Our proposed technique can be also
      easily adapted to perform conventional time-domain modal delay measurements for
      very long HOFs.

PMID- 18157245
TI  - Simultaneous imaging of human cone mosaic with adaptive optics enhanced scanning
      laser ophthalmoscopy and high-speed transversal scanning optical coherence
      tomography.
AB  - We describe a novel instrument capable of acquiring, simultaneously, adaptive
      optics enhanced scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography
      (OCT) images of the human cone mosaic in vivo. The OCT system is based on
      transversal scanning of the sample with a line scan rate of 14 kHz, approximately
      20 times faster than a previously reported instrument. We demonstrate the
      capability of this instrument with the measurement of the human cone spacing in
      perifoveal retina.

PMID- 18157246
TI  - Blind deconvolution: multiplicative iterative algorithm.
AB  - A new algorithm has been developed for performing blind deconvolution on degraded
      images. The algorithm naturally preserves the nonnegative constraint on the
      iterative solutions of blind deconvolution and can produce a restored image of
      high resolution. Furthermore, benefiting from the multiplicative form, the
      algorithm is free from the instability of numerical computation. Results of
      applying the algorithm to simulated and real degraded images are reported.

PMID- 18157247
TI  - Visible continuum generation using a femtosecond erbium-doped fiber laser and a
      silica nonlinear fiber.
AB  - Supercontinuum extending to visible wavelengths is generated in a hybrid silica
      nonlinear fiber pumped at 1560 nm by a femtosecond, erbium-doped fiber laser. The
      hybrid nonlinear fiber consists of a short length of highly nonlinear, germano
      silicate fiber (HNLF) spliced to a length of photonic crystal fiber (PCF). A 2 cm
      length of HNLF provides an initial stage of continuum generation due to higher
      order soliton compression and dispersive wave generation before launching into
      the PCF. The visible radiation is generated in the fundamental mode of the PCF.

PMID- 18157248
TI  - Very-high-resolution tandem Fabry-Perot etalon cylindrical beam volume hologram
      spectrometer for diffuse source spectroscopy.
AB  - We demonstrate a compact and slitless spectrometer with high resolution formed by
      cascading a Fabry-Perot etalon (FPE) and a cylindrical beam volume hologram
      (CBVH). The most significant advantage of this combined spectrometer is that we
      can independently encode spectral information of a diffuse beam in a 2D plane.
      Also, we show that in this slitless configuration we can simultaneously benefit
      from the advantages of both elements: the high resolution of the FPE and the
      large spectral range of the CBVH. Here, we report on the experimental
      demonstration of a spectrometer with better than 0.2 nm resolution.

PMID- 18157249
TI  - Single-body lensed photonic crystal fibers as side-viewing probes for optical
      imaging systems.
AB  - We report the fabrication and performance of a lensed photonic crystal fiber
      (PCF) designed as a compact but effective side-viewing optical imaging probe. The
      lensed-PCF probe was implemented in a single body without using any other fibers
      or additional optics. The beam expansion region and a focusing ball lens,
      necessary for a focuser, were simultaneously formed along a small piece of PCF by
      applying arc discharges. The side-viewing ability was provided by polishing the
      ball lens with a femtosecond laser to form a total internal reflection surface.
      The working distance and the transverse resolution of the fabricated single-body
      lensed-PCF were experimentally measured to be 570 and 6.8 microm, respectively.
      With the proposed lensed-PCF probe, optical coherence tomography images of an in
      vitro biological sample were successfully obtained.

PMID- 18157250
TI  - Fiber-optic hydrophone using a cylindrical Helmholtz resonator as a mechanical
      anti-aliasing filter.
AB  - Two Michelson interferometric fiber-optic hydrophones that use panda polarization
      maintaining fibers and devices have been constructed and tested. The low
      frequency acoustic sensitivities of both hydrophones are -159 dB re 1
      rad/microPa. One of the hydrophones tested has a small cylindrical Helmholtz
      resonator that has a break point near 1200 Hz and a measured roll-off of
      approximately 50 dB/octave, and it is a hydrostatic-pressure-insensitive design.
      This hydrophone is a prototype device for a class of sensors that can be used to
      eliminate aliasing in future sonar systems. To our knowledge, this is the first
      time that such a fiber-optic hydrophone has been reported.

PMID- 18157251
TI  - Application of Huygens-Fresnel diffraction principle for high aspect ratio SU-8
      micro-/nanotip array.
AB  - A high-aspect-ratio (approximately 30) SU-8 micro-/nanotip array whose shape is
      defined by diffraction was fabricated by a single UV photolithography procedure
      and its exposed dose control. The fabrication result of the tip agrees well with
      the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld solution of the Huygens-Fresnel principle at wide
      observation distances. In a near field below distance 2 microm (only several
      times of wavelength), necking points also agree with the solution, although it is
      assumed that the distance is much larger than wavelength. It can be also applied
      to control the shape of the tip and to determine the critical dose D(c) of SU-8
      and other photocurable polymers.

PMID- 18157252
TI  - Engineering space for light via transformation optics.
AB  - Conceptual studies and numerical simulations are performed for imaging devices
      that transform a near-field pattern into magnified far-zone images and are based
      on high-order spatial transformation in cylindrical domains. A lens translating a
      near-field pattern from an almost circular input boundary onto a magnified far
      field image at a flat output boundary is considered. The lens is made of a
      metamaterial with anisotropic permittivity and permeability both depending on a
      single "scaling" parameter of the transformation. Open designs of the lens with a
      truncated body (3/4-body and 1/4-body lenses) are suggested and analyzed. It is
      shown that the ideal full lens and the 3/4-body lens produce identical images.
      Numerical simulations of 1/4-body designs indicate that further truncation of the
      lens could limit its performance. A light concentrator "focusing" far-zone fields
      into a nanometer-scale area is also considered.

PMID- 18157253
TI  - Slow light with cavity electromagnetically induced transparency.
AB  - We report an experimental observation of slow light propagation in cold Rb atoms
      exhibiting cavity electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The steep slope
      of the atomic dispersion manifested by EIT reduces the light group velocity. The
      cavity filtering and feedback further contribute to the slowdown and delay of the
      light pulse propagation. A combination of the cavity and the EIT atomic system
      significantly improves the performance of the slow light propagation. A
      propagation time delay of approximately 200 ns was observed in the cavity and Rb
      EIT system, which is approximately 70 times greater than the time delay
      calculated for the light pulse propagation through the same Rb EIT system without
      the cavity.

PMID- 18157254
TI  - Focusing of partially coherent Bessel-Gaussian beams through a high-numerical
      aperture objective.
AB  - The focusing properties of partially coherent Bessel-Gaussian beams passing
      through a high-numerical-aperture objective are studied based on vectorial Debye
      theory. Expressions for the intensity distribution, degree of coherence |mu|, and
      degree of polarization P are derived near the focus. Numerical calculations are
      performed to analyze the influences of varying corresponding parameters on the
      intensity distribution, |mu|, and P in the focal region. It is shown that the
      intensity, |mu|, and P in the focal region are all influenced by varying the
      effective coherent length L(c) of incident beams and maximal angle alpha
      determined by the numerical aperture of the objective. Also, the linearly
      polarized incident field is found to be depolarized after it is focused by a high
      numerical-aperture objective.

PMID- 18157255
TI  - High-efficiency mid-infrared ZnGeP2 optical parametric oscillator directly pumped
      by a lamp-pumped, Q-switched CrTmHo:YAG laser.
AB  - We report a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (SRO) based on a
      ZnGeP(2) crystal directly pumped by a lamp-pumped Q-switched CrTmHo:YAG laser.
      The IR was tunable from 4.7 to 7.8 microm via crystal angle tuning. A maximum
      optical to optical efficiency of 56% was obtained from the pump (2.09 microm) to
      total IR at a pump energy of 6.5 mJ. The corresponding idler energy was 1.45 mJ.
      The SRO was measured to have a slope efficiency of 64% and a threshold of 1 mJ.
      The spatial beam quality of the idler, characterized by the M(2) parameter, was
      1.38 when the SRO was pumped at 2.5 times threshold. These results show that
      ZnGeP(2) optical parametric oscillators directly pumped by a CrTmHo:YAG laser can
      be operated efficiently, while maintaining good IR beam quality.

PMID- 18157256
TI  - Spectrally efficient slow light using multilevel phase-modulated formats.
AB  - A phase-preserving and spectrally efficient slow-light scheme has been proposed
      and demonstrated by utilizing advanced multilevel phase-modulated formats. A 60
      ps symbol delay with error-free demodulation of both I and Q channels for 10
      Gbit/s return-to-zero differential-quadrature-phase-shift-keyed (DQPSK) signals
      via a broadband stimulated Brillouin scattering-based slow-light medium is
      achieved experimentally. Simulation results on 20 Gbit/s DQPSK and 30 Gbit/s
      D8PSK propose to transmit very high spectrally efficient multilevel formats
      through a bandwidth-limited slow-light element.

PMID- 18157257
TI  - Time-resolved off-axis digital holography for characterization of ultrafast
      phenomena in water.
AB  - We present the application of time-resolved off-axis digital holography for the
      investigation of refractive index/transmission properties of laser-induced plasma
      filaments in water. Time evolution of both amplitude- and phase-contrast images
      of the self-focused beam in water was characterized with temporal resolution
      better than 50 fs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to
      characterize the propagation of femtosecond laser pulse in nonlinear media using
      off-axis digital holography.

PMID- 18157258
TI  - Mechanism of mode coupling in multicore fiber lasers.
AB  - We present what is believed to be the first experimental demonstration of a new
      mechanism of mode coupling in multicore fibers (MCFs) based on their indirect
      interaction inside the fiber via intermediate mode, analogous to the Bragg mode,
      which is very sensitive to bending of the fiber. Very strong coupling between the
      core modes regardless of large spacing (approximately 28 microm) between them has
      been demonstrated in the MCF laser as well as in the probe beam schemes. 70% of
      power conversion from one core to another with beating length of tens of
      centimeters in 4-core MCF is measured.

PMID- 18157259
TI  - All-fiber bidirectional passively mode-locked ring laser.
AB  - We report the design and operation of a novel all-fiber bidirectional passively
      mode-locked ring laser. An erbium-doped fiber was chosen as the active element in
      a ring cavity arrangement. A short segment of a fiber taper embedded in carbon
      nanotubes/polymer composite, acting as a saturable absorber, was used to enable
      bidirectional mode locking. The laser generates two stable femtosecond pulse
      trains in opposite directions. A beat note of about 2 MHz, having a bandwidth of
      less than 2 kHz, is measured when the pulses propagating in opposite directions
      are (temporally) overlapped at a photodetector. We believe this device will find
      important applications in precision rotation sensing.

PMID- 18157260
TI  - Path and phase determination for an interfering photon with orbital angular
      momentum.
AB  - A polarized photon with well-defined orbital angular momentum that emerges from a
      Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is shown to seemingly circumvent wave-particle
      duality constraints. For certain phase differences between the MZI arms, this
      pattern yields both reliable which-path information and high phase sensitivity.

PMID- 18157262
TI  - Characteristics of a Q-switched multicore photonic crystal fiber laser with a
      very large mode field area.
AB  - We model and characterize the behavior of a Q-switched fiber laser. The fiber is
      a doped multicore photonic crystal fiber having six cores in a ring-type
      geometry. The fiber laser is Q-switched using an intracavity acousto-optic
      modulator. Using a mode filtering technique in the far field, a mode very close
      to the fundamental in-phase supermode is obtained with a mode field area of 4200
      microm(2) and a divergence of 9 mrad. Pulses with energies of up to 2.2 mJ and
      durations of 26 ns (limited by end facet damage) at a repetition rate of 10 kHz
      are obtained.

PMID- 18157263
TI  - Memory-efficient iterative process on a two-dimensional first-order regular
      graph.
AB  - We present a parallel and memory-efficient iterative algorithm based on 2D first
      order regular graphs. For an M x N regular graph with L iterations, a carefully
      chosen computation order can reduce the memory resources from O(MN) to O(ML).
      This scheme can achieve a memory reduction of 4 to 27 times in typical
      computation-intensive problems such as stereo and motion.

PMID- 18157264
TI  - Numerical study of the effects of scatterer sizes and distributions on multiple
      backscattered intensity patterns of polarized light.
AB  - We investigate numerically the effects of scatterer sizes on backscattered
      polarization patterns using the third-order scattering model developed. The
      calculated results show that both parallel and cross polarization patterns from
      water suspensions of polystyrene spheres have four-lobe structures of the azimuth
      dependence of intensities. Particularly, the parallel polarization pattern is
      sensitive to scatterer sizes, exhibiting good agreement with prior experimental
      measurements. Furthermore, the polarization patterns from the dysplastic and
      normal cells with different size distribution widths are calculated and analyzed.
      The results show that the polarization patterns of dysplastic and normal cells
      have distinct differences, which might be used for identification of the
      morphological structure changes of cancer, dysplasia, and regeneration cells.

PMID- 18157266
TI  - Diode-pumped passively mode-locked Er,Yb:YAl3(BO3)4 laser at 1.5-1.6 microm.
AB  - We report the first demonstration to our knowledge of passive mode locking in a
      diode-pumped Er(3+) and Yb(3+) codoped YAl(3)(BO(3))(4) laser operating in the
      1.5-1.6 microm spectral region. Low-loss GaInNAs quantum-well semiconductor
      saturable absorber mirrors are used for the initiation and stabilization of the
      ultrashort-pulse generation. Pulses as short as 4.8 ps were generated at 1530 nm
      with an average output power up to 280 mW for 2 W of absorbed pump power produced
      by a high-brightness tapered 980 nm laser diode. Passive mode locking has also
      been demonstrated around 1555 nm with typical average powers of around 100 mW and
      pulse durations of 5.1 ps.

PMID- 18157265
TI  - High sensitivity gas spectroscopy of porous, highly scattering solids.
AB  - We present minimalistic and cost-efficient instrumentation employing tunable
      diode laser gas spectroscopy for the characterization of porous and highly
      scattering solids. The sensitivity reaches 3 x 10(-6) (absorption fraction), and
      the improvement with respect to previous work in this field is a factor of 10. We
      also provide the first characterization of the interference phenomenon
      encountered in high-resolution spectroscopy of turbid samples. Revealing that
      severe optical interference originates from the samples, we discuss important
      implications for system design. In addition, we introduce tracking coils and
      sample rotation as new and efficient tools for interference suppression. The
      great value of the approach is illustrated in an application addressing
      structural properties of pharmaceutical materials.

PMID- 18157267
TI  - Time-resolved refractive index and absorption mapping of light-plasma filaments
      in water.
AB  - By means of a quantitative shadowgraphic method, we performed a space-time
      characterization of the refractive index variation and transient absorption
      induced by a light-plasma filament generated by a 120 fs laser pulse in water.
      The formation and evolution of the plasma channel in the proximity of the
      nonlinear focus were observed with a 23 fs time resolution.

PMID- 18157268
TI  - Mapping phases of singular scalar light fields.
AB  - We implement experimentally a simple method for accurate measurements of phase
      distributions of scalar light fields. The method is based on the polarimetric
      technique for recording the polarization maps of vector fields, where coaxial
      superposition of orthogonally polarized reference and signal beams allows the
      signal phase to be reconstructed from the polarization map of the total field. We
      demonstrate this method by resolving topologically neutral pairs of closely
      positioned vortices in a speckle field and recovering the positions of vortices
      within a Laguerre-Gaussian beam with the topological charge three.

PMID- 18157269
TI  - Improving the quality of phase maps in phase object digital holographic
      interferometry by finding the right reconstruction distance.
AB  - Improved quality of phase maps in pulsed digital holographic interferometry is
      demonstrated by finding the right reconstruction distance. The objective is to
      improve the optical phase information when the object under study is a phase
      object and when it is out of focus, leading to low contrast fringes in the phase
      map. A numerical refocusing is performed by introducing an ideal lens as a
      multiplication by a phase field in the Fourier domain, and then a region of
      maximum speckle correlation is found by comparing undisturbed and disturbed
      subimages in different refocused imaging planes. After finding the right
      reconstruction distance, a phase map of high visibility is constructed. By this
      technique a 30% reduction of the phase error for a flow of helium gas and a 50%
      reduction of the phase error for a weak thin lens were obtained, which resulted
      in a significant improvement of the visual appearance of the phase maps.

PMID- 18157270
TI  - Two-photon recording of microholograms in undoped lithium tantalate.
AB  - Two-photon recording of microholograms was demonstrated in undoped congruent
      lithium tantalate crystal with high holographic sensitivity, large refractive
      index change, and fast hologram writing time. Nonvolatile heterodyne readout was
      carried out at a wavelength of 660 nm. Recording of a 3 x 3 x 3 matrix of
      microholograms was realized and it showed the cross-talk effect was negligibly
      small.

PMID- 18157271
TI  - Quantitative structured-illumination phase microscopy.
AB  - We introduce a quantitative phase imaging method for homogeneous objects with a
      bright field transmission microscope by using an amplitude mask and a digital
      processing algorithm. A known amplitude pattern is imaged on the sample plane
      containing a thick phase object by placing an amplitude mask in the field
      diaphragm of the microscope. The phase object distorts the amplitude pattern
      according to its optical path length (OPL) profile, and the distorted pattern is
      recorded in a CCD detector. A digital processing algorithm then estimates the
      object's quantitative OPL profile based on a closed form analytical solution,
      which is derived using a ray optics model for objects with small OPL gradients.

PMID- 18157272
TI  - Method for producing correct fingerprints.
AB  - The conventional method of producing fingerprints by total internal reflection
      using a right-angle prism does not give true size images. In this case an
      anamorphic real image is formed by the Scheimpflug condition with keystone
      distortion. A method of combining a single prism with the right-angle prism for
      anamorphic stretching to get the correct fingerprint image is described. The
      method of constructing such a type of an optical system is discussed in detail.
      The method is useful to directly obtain the correct fingerprints using a CCD
      camera.

PMID- 18157273
TI  - Analysis and fabrication of hybrid metal-dielectric omnidirectional Bragg
      reflectors.
AB  - We describe chalcogenide glass and polymer based Bragg reflectors with a metallic
      underlayer and use a transfer matrix model to analyze their performance. The
      angle-averaged reflectance of a hybrid mirror approaches unity for only a few
      periods and is much higher than that for a nonmetallized Bragg reflector or for
      the metallic layer alone. For an angle-averaged reflectance greater than 0.99,
      the addition of a metallic underlayer enables nearly a tripling of the
      omnidirectional bandwidth (from approximately 110 to approximately 305 nm)
      concurrent with a significant reduction in the number of required periods (from
      10.5 to 4.5). Hybrid mirrors of 4.5 periods, with a 50 nm Au underlayer and
      overall thickness of approximately 2 microm, were fabricated atop silicon
      substrates and characterized. They exhibit an omnidirectional stop band in the
      1450-1750 nm wavelength range, in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

PMID- 18157274
TI  - Design of an ultrashort Si-nanowaveguide-based multimode interference coupler of
      arbitrary shape.
AB  - A design procedure for an arbitrarily tapered multimode interference (MMI)
      coupler based on Si nanowaveguides is presented. First a series of the effective
      indices of the zeroth and first eigenmodes in multimode waveguides are obtained
      as the core width increases by using a full-vectorial finite-difference method.
      Two polynomial functions are used to fit the two relations between the effective
      indices and the core width. The phase difference Delta phi between the zeroth and
      first eigenmodes can then be easily calculated when the light goes through any
      given arbitrarily tapered MMI section. By making the phase difference Delta phi
      equal to a certain value Delta phi 0 required for an N-fold self-imaging, the
      length of a MMI coupler is determined. With the present design procedure, an
      ultrashort 2 x 2 parabolic MMI coupler is designed as an example. The size of the
      designed ultrashort MMI section is only approximately 1.4 microm x 4.7 microm.

PMID- 18157275
TI  - Double Wigner distribution function of a first-order optical system with a hard
      edge aperture.
AB  - The effect of an apertured optical system on Wigner distribution can be expressed
      as a superposition integral of the input Wigner distribution function and the
      double Wigner distribution function of the apertured optical system. By
      introducing a hard aperture function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian
      functions, the double Wigner distribution functions of a first-order optical
      system with a hard aperture outside and inside it are derived. As an example of
      application, the analytical expressions of the Wigner distribution for a Gaussian
      beam passing through a spatial filtering optical system with an internal hard
      aperture are obtained. The analytical results are also compared with the
      numerical integral results, and they show that the analytical results are proper
      and ascendant.

PMID- 18157276
TI  - Highly efficient acousto-optic diffraction in Sn2P2S6 crystals.
AB  - We have studied the acousto-optic (AO) diffraction in Sn2P2S6 crystals and found
      that they manifest high values of an AO figure of merit. The above crystals may
      therefore be used as highly efficient materials in different AO applications.

PMID- 18157277
TI  - Sensitivity study of two high-throughput resolution metrics for photoresists.
AB  - The resolution of chemically amplified resists is becoming an increasing concern,
      especially for lithography in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) regime. Large-scale
      screening is currently under way to identify resist platforms that can support
      the demanding specifications required for EUV lithography. Current screening
      processes would benefit from the development of metrics that can objectively
      quantify resist resolution in a high-throughput fashion. Here we examine two high
      throughput metrics for resist resolution determination. After summarizing their
      details and justifying their utility, we characterize the sensitivity of both
      metrics to known uncertainties in exposure tool aberrations and focus control.
      For an implementation at EUV wavelengths, we report aberration and focus-limited
      error bars in extracted resolution of approximately 1.25 nm rms for both metrics,
      making them attractive candidates for future screening and downselection efforts.

PMID- 18157278
TI  - Narrow-linewidth megahertz-repetition-rate optical parametric oscillator for high
      speed flow and combustion diagnostics.
AB  - We demonstrate the ability to generate ultra-high-frequency sequences of broadly
      wavelength-tunable, high-intensity laser pulses using a custom-built optical
      parametric oscillator pumped by the third-harmonic output of a "burst-mode"
      Nd:YAG laser. Burst sequences consisting of 6-10 pulses separated in time by 6-10
      mus are obtained, with average total conversion efficiency from the 355 nm pump
      to the near-IR signal and idler wavelengths of approximately 33%. Typical
      individual pulse output energy for the signal and idler beams is in the range of
      4-6 mJ, limited by the available pump energy. Line narrowing is demonstrated by
      means of injection seeding the idler wave using a low-power external-cavity diode
      laser at 827 nm. It is shown that seeding reduces the time-averaged linewidth of
      both the signal and idler outputs to approximately 300 MHz, which is near the 220
      MHz Fourier transform limit. Line narrowing is achieved without recourse to
      active cavity stabilization.

PMID- 18157279
TI  - Nondestructive evaluation of cork enclosures using terahertz/millimeter wave
      spectroscopy and imaging.
AB  - Natural cork enclosures, due to their cell structure, composition, and low
      moisture are fairly transparent to terahertz (THz) and millimeter waves enabling
      nondestructive evaluation of the cork's surface and interior. It is shown that
      the attenuation coefficient of the defect-free cork can be modeled with a Mie
      scattering model in the weakly scattering limit. Contrast in the THz images is a
      result of enhanced scattering of THz radiation by defects or voids as well as
      variations in the cork cell structure. The presence of voids, defects, and
      changes in grain structure can be determined with roughly 100-300 microm
      resolution.

PMID- 18157280
TI  - Improving the performance of a pyramid wavefront sensor with modal sensitivity
      compensation.
AB  - We describe a solution to increase the performance of a pyramid wavefront sensor
      (P-WFS) under bad seeing conditions. We show that most of the issues involve a
      reduced sensitivity that depends on the magnitude of the high frequency
      atmospheric distortions. We demonstrate in end-to-end closed loop adaptive optics
      simulations that with a modal sensitivity compensation method a high-order system
      with a nonmodulated P-WFS is robust in conditions with the Fried parameter r 0 at
      0.5 microm in the range of 0.05-0.10 m. We also show that the method makes it
      possible to use a modal predictive control system to reach a total performance
      improvement of 0.06-0.45 in Strehl ratio at 1.6 microm. Especially at r 0=0.05 m
      the gain is dramatic.

PMID- 18157281
TI  - Analytical light-ray tracing in two-dimensional objects for light-extraction
      problems in light-emitting diodes.
AB  - Light extraction from two-dimensional objects is discussed. Analytical
      calculations in terms of three different parameters have been applied to
      equiangular polygons to trace light rays during multiple reflections in a
      polygon. Based on the result that there are a finite number of incident angles in
      a polygon for a light ray, it was found that the triangle has the least chance to
      trap light rays among the polygons. The discussion has been extended to
      parallelograms, which have an advantage in light extraction to rectangles.
      Placement of a possible light source in polygons is discussed.

PMID- 18157282
TI  - Image storage based on circular-polarization holography in an azobenzene side
      chain liquid-crystalline polymer.
AB  - Image storage was investigated in a liquid-crystalline azobenzene polymer film
      based on circular-polarization holographic recording. An image was stored in pure
      polarization holograms using two orthogonal circularly polarized 532 nm beams and
      was reconstructed with a 633 nm beam. The polarization holograms showed high
      stability and a high diffraction efficiency of 31.8%. Moreover, the polarization
      holograms could convert arbitrary probe polarization state into circular
      polarization, and the diffraction efficiency was dependent on the probe
      polarization state, which was favorable for controlling the reconstructed images.

PMID- 18157283
TI  - [Therapy of rheumatic polymyalgia: the pathophysiologic management].
AB  - Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory syndrome affecting older people
      whose prevalence has increased in recent years. The suppression of the
      hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and ageing may contribute to the
      pathogenesis of PMR. Chronic stress (i.e. interpersonal, chronic infections etc.)
      in elderly people may represent a risk factor for the development of PMR. In
      fact, elderly represent per se a condition of endocrine senescence including
      adrenal hypofunction, in addition chronic stress represents a further harmful
      stimulus to seriously compromise endogenous glucocorticoid production. Synovitis
      and vasculitis characterize the majority of the patients. Serum cytokine and
      steroidal hormone patterns suggest that patients with PMR have an intensive
      inflammatory reaction. As a matter of fact, glucocorticoids represent the most
      useful temporary "replacement" treatment during the active phase of PMR. The use
      of modified-release glucocorticoids that might induce higher levels during the
      night (circadian rhythms as in physiological conditions), will represent another
      important approach to optimize PMR treatment and reduce the side effects.
      Combination therapy between glucocorticoids and inhibitors of pro-inflammatory
      cytokines should be tested in large studies and early cases of PMR.

PMID- 18157284
TI  - [Pharmacological treatment of fibromyalgia].
AB  - Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is a condition of chronic and diffuse muscular pain
      affecting particularly middle aged women. The aetiology of FM is not completely
      understood and it is currently considered a disorder of pain regulation. The most
      efficacious compounds include the tricyclic drugs and mixed reuptake inhibitors.
      Recent works suggest that the anticonvulsant medications pregabalin and
      gabapentin are also effective. Moreover, two serotonin and norepinephrine
      reuptake inhibitors-duloxetine and milnacipran show encouraging results in
      treating FM symptoms. The results of clinical trials of anti-inflammatory
      medications have been generally disappointing, but three RCTs have found that
      tramadol (with or without acetaminophen) is effective in FM.

PMID- 18157285
TI  - Ro60 and La ribonucleoproteins become self-aggregated by cell stress.
AB  - Ro and La antigens are of clinical interest in subacute cutaneous lupus
      erythematosus because skin lesions appear after UV irradiation, which induces the
      translocation of intracellular Ro and La ribonucleoproteins and trigger
      autoantibody production. Present studies address the question whether cellular
      stressors modify molecular characteristics and distribution of Ro60 and La
      proteins. To accomplish our goal HEp-2 cells were stressed by heat and UV
      irradiation and Ro and La expression was studied by indirect immunofluorescence
      and Western blot and crossed-immunoprecipitation using monoclonal anti-Ro/La or
      anti-HSP70 linked to CNBr-Sepharose 4B. Results of present studies confirm that
      Ro60 and La were located in the nuclei of non stressed cells; however under
      stress, both ribonucleoproteins were redistributed within cytoplasm and
      nucleoplasm, interestingly the stress induces self aggregation of both
      ribonucleoproteins, as demonstrated the Western blot assays. Ro and La proteins
      interact with the cytoskeleton protein via HSP70. In conclusion, the cell stress
      redistributes Ro and La proteins whiting nucleo-cytoplasmic compartments. This
      redistribution is accompanied by self aggregation of Ro and La which became
      associated with HSP70. Finally, the cell stress is an important factor for
      antigenic redistribution.

PMID- 18157286
TI  - [Two-years therapy with bosentan of pulmonary arterial hypertension related to
      connective tissue diseases].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but severe
      complication of connective tissue diseases (CTD), with a negative impact on
      patients survival. Bosentan, a receptor antagonist of endothelin, has been proved
      effective for the treatment of PAH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
      effects and the safety of bosentan administered for 2 years in a group of
      patients with PAH related to CTD. METHODS: Twelve patients with PAH related to
      systemic sclerosis (8 cases), SLE (2 cases), mixed connective tissue disease (1
      case) and polymyositis (1 case) attending the Rheumatology Unit of Padova
      University were treated with bosentan for two years. Distance walked in 6
      minutes, right ventricular systolic pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure
      estimated by doppler echocardiography were evaluated at baseline and after 6, 12,
      18 and 24 months of treatment. Safety was assessed by laboratory tests performed
      every two months. RESULTS: During bosentan treatment, a significant decrease of
      right ventricular systolic pressure was observed after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months in
      comparison to baseline, whereas pulmonary artery mean pressure remained
      unchanged. Distance walked in 6 minutes slightly increased after 6 and 12 months,
      but significantly decreased after 18 and 24 months, mostly because complications
      of CTD which compromised the ability to walk arose in 4 patients. Adverse events
      related to bosentan were observed in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Bosentan has been
      demonstrated effective in reducing pulmonary arterial pressure in a two-year
      period of treatment. Exercise capacity improved only in the first year of therapy
      and worsened thereafter, suggesting the opportunity of a combination therapy for
      a long-term treatment of PAH related to CTD.

PMID- 18157287
TI  - [Hospital anxiety and depression].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The study investigate the presence of depressive disorders in patient
      who are taken in general hospital, to prevent and reduce the risk of developing a
      psychological pathology (anxious-depressive symptoms). METHODS: We used two
      tests: 1. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) by Goldberg, a self-report
      questionnaire, consisting of 12 items, used to estimate the probability of
      detecting non-psychotic mental disorders and problems in every day's activity. 2.
      Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ), a self-report questionnaire, consisting of
      10 items. It is a new tool for detecting individuals with ICD-10 depressive
      disorders, used to estimate the probability to individuate the presence of major
      depression symptoms, and minor depression symptoms. Tests have been administered
      to 140 subjects (males' experimental group, 32 subjects; males' control group, 20
      subjects; females' experimental group 58 subjects; females' control group, 30
      subjects) from eight departments of university hospital, medical faculty, and
      social services. RESULTS: It can be noted that with GHQ-12, the presence of non
      psychotic mental disorders does not come out: just the females' group,
      experimental and control, shows some problems with insomnia and stress. On the
      other hand, with PHQ, the presence of no great entity depressive symptoms comes
      out for all groups. In the experimental groups the quantity of depressive
      symptoms is greater than in the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: We have find the
      presence of a number of depressive symptoms into a hospitalized population. It is
      known that detecting such symptoms is important for protection and care of
      depressive disorders in hospitalized and non-hospitalized populations.

PMID- 18157288
TI  - [Efficacy of Cellfood's therapy (deutrosulfazyme) in fibromyalgia].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of Cellfood's therapy in the treatment of
      fibromyalgia. METHODS: This study was a single-blind, cross-over, randomized
      placebo-controlled trial. Forty female were selected from 320 cases investigated
      in the period 2003-2005 of June. To be included in this study, it was required
      that the diagnosis of fibromyalgia was made by a specialist in according to the
      ACR classification criteria of 1990. The patient's age was between 35-47 years,
      the choice of criteria were the absence of improvements with the conventional
      therapy and the normality of medical check-up. The patients were divided into two
      different-groups of thirty-one and nine subjects, each-one (group A) treated with
      Cellfood for six months in according to the Eurodream's scheme, and each-other
      (group B) treated with placebo for three months and successively with Cellfood
      for three months. Besides we have estimated the tender points with algometer and
      the health status of women with the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) at
      the baseline (T0) and at three (T1) and six month (T2). RESULT: The group A had
      an appreciable improvement of the parameters at T1 statistically significant
      compared to the group B, while we observed a stability of they at T2 on the group
      A and an improvement of the parameters of the group B statistically non
      significant compared to each-one. CONCLUSION: Our result suggest that the
      Cellfood's therapy improve fibromyalgia symptoms and health-related quality of
      life.

PMID- 18157289
TI  - Total temporomandibular joint prosthesis as a surgical option for severe mouth
      opening restriction. A case report of a bilateral intervention.
AB  - Several conservative treatment approaches to the disorders of the
      temporomandibular joint (TMJ) have been described in the literature. Nonetheless,
      in a minority of cases not respondent to reversible conservative therapies a
      surgical approach to the TMJ is needed. In recent years, a total
      temporomandibular joint replacement with alloplastic prosthesis have been
      introduced as a treatment option in the presence of a severely damaged or
      mutilated joint, mainly resulting from severe joint diseases, as in the case of
      complex inflammatory-degenerative diseases, or failure of previous surgeries. The
      present paper described a case report of a bilateral temporomandibular joint
      replacement intervention in a female patient with severe mouth opening
      restriction and pain in the TMJ area. Also, a discussion of the potential
      indications for TMJ replacement has been provided, along with the description of
      the surgical procedure.

PMID- 18157290
TI  - [Diffused suberitrodermic psoriasis induced by infliximab].
AB  - The case of a young male is described, affected by Crohn disease with reactive
      Spondylarthritis essay with Infliximab to the dose of 3 mg/kgs. After 15 days
      from the third infusion, the patient developed a first psoriasis eruption to the
      palm of the hands and the plant of the feet, for which was begun topical therapy
      with cortisone. After an initial improvement, the patient suffered a diffusion of
      the psoriasis eruption to the whole trunk and the limbs with a suberitrodermic
      aspect. The possible pathogenesis of this paradoxical effect of the anti-TNF is
      considered. Also being still partly the causes, is important the inhibition of
      the TNF-alpha with consequent expansion of the INF-alpha, in turn potential
      inductor of psoriasis.

PMID- 18157291
TI  - [Wars in the history of rheumatology].
AB  - Some important discoveries in the history of rheumatology happened during war
      periods. It is well known that arthritis associated with conjunctivitis and
      urethritis, following dysenteric episodes, has been described during the First
      World War from the German Hans Reiter and, nearly contemporarily, from the French
      Noel Fiessinger and Edgar Leroy. Less known is instead the fact that the first
      cases of sympathetic algoneurodystrophy have been reported by the American Silas
      Weir Mitchell in soldiers wounded by fire-arms, during the Civil War of
      Secession. Other war episodes have been crucial for the development of some drugs
      now abundantly applied to the care of rheumatic diseases. The discovery of
      therapeutic effects of immunosuppressive agents, in fact, happened as an indirect
      consequence of the use of poison gas, already during the First World War (mustard
      gas), but above all after an episode in the port of Bari in 1943, where an
      American cargo boat was sunk. It had been loaded with a quantity of cylinders
      containing a nitrogenous mustard, whose diffusion in the environment provoked
      more than 80 deaths owing to bone marrow aplasia.Moreover, the history of the
      cortisone shows a strict link to the Second World War, when Germany imported
      large quantities of bovine adrenal glands from Argentina, with the purpose of
      producing some gland extracts for the Luftwaffe aviators, in order to increase
      their performance ability.

PMID- 18157292
TI  - [Is crystalline lens extraction experimental?].

PMID- 18157294
TI  - [Evaluation of fundus autofluorescence in hereditary retinal diseases using
      Heidelberg Retina Angiograph2].
AB  - PURPOSE: To define characteristics of the fundus autofluorescence examination,
      verifying usefulness in the diagnosis and care of hereditary retinal diseases.
      METHODS: 28 patients, adults, divided equally into four groups with diagnoses of
      Stargardt macular dystrophy, cone dystrophy, retinitis pigmentosa and healthy
      volunteers for the establishment of the normality pattern. An average of nine
      images with the filter for fluorescein angiography was obtained for the formation
      of the image autofluorescence using Heidelberg Retina Angiograph2. The images of
      each group of patients were analyzed to verify common characteristics. RESULTS:
      The fundus autofluorescence of healthy volunteers showed the foveal area darker
      than the surrounding retina. The images of Stargardt macular dystrophy, in
      general, presented an oval central lesion, with reduced autofluorescence. The
      main alterations of the autofluorescence in patients with cone dystrophy were
      reduced foveal autofluorescence with a parafoveal ring of increased
      autofluorescence. In general, the images of retinitis pigmentosa showed outlying
      pigments with reduced autofluorescence, and of the foveal area, in some cases
      disorganization or reduced autofluorescence. CONCLUSION: The study showed the
      existence of patterns of fundus autofluorescence in the hereditary retinal
      diseases that allow the diagnosis and better interpretation of the pathogenesis
      of these diseases.

PMID- 18157295
TI  - [Evaluation of the modified capsular tension ring in cases of traumatic lens
      subluxation].
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the behavior of the modified capsular tension ring (MCTR) in
      traumatic subluxated cataracts analyzing the visual acuity, centration of the
      capsular bag, pseudophacodonesis, postoperative follow-up and intra- and
      postoperative complications. SETTING: Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio,
      USA. METHODS: Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients with traumatic loss of zonular
      support had phacoemulsification using PCIOL and MCTR implantation. The
      preoperative examination included best correct visual acuity (BCVA) and the
      presence or absence of phacodonesis, lens decentration and vitreous prolapse. The
      postoperative evaluation included BCVA, the presence of pseudophacodonesis, PCIOL
      centration, necessity of vitrectomy and other complications. RESULTS: 21 eyes
      (95.45%) had an improvement in BCVA. The preoperative examination disclosed
      phacodonesis in 11 eyes (50%) and no eye presented pseudophacodonesis in the
      postoperative period. Preoperatively, symptomatic decentration was presented by
      10 eyes (45.45%) and 22 eyes (100%) had no decentration after surgery. The
      preoperative examination revealed vitreous prolapse in the anterior chamber in 9
      eyes (40.90%). Vitrectomy was required in 11 eyes (50%). CONCLUSIONS: The use of
      the MCTR resulted in a good centration of the capsular bag and the PC IOL in 22
      eyes with traumatic cataract and loss of zonular support.

PMID- 18157296
TI  - [Anophthalmic cavity and implant extrusion].
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristics of patients with anophthalmic cavity who
      developed sphere extrusion. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was done
      evaluating 37 patients with anophthalmic cavity and sphere extrusion at the
      "Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu-UNESP". RESULTS: Extrusion was observed in
      enucleated and eviscerated cavities. The majority of the patients had the eye
      removed because of phthisis bulbi or trauma and the extrusion happened 1 or 2
      years after the surgery. Extrusion was preceded by conjunctival dehiscence and
      exposure of the sphere and occurred with all used implants. CONCLUSION:
      Complications after orbital implant placement are a possibility. Dehiscence and
      sphere extrusion may happen and another surgery would be necessary. The patient
      and the ophthalmologist have to be prepared for this.

PMID- 18157297
TI  - [Ultrastructural and growth factor analysis of amniotic membrane preserved by
      different methods for ocular surgery].
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare the anatomical structure and the presence of growth factors
      and cytokines of amniotic membrane preserved in glycerol/MEM (1:1) or undiluted
      dimethyl sulfoxide through electron microscopy. METHODS: Amniotic membrane
      preserved in glycerol/MEM (1:1) or undiluted dimethyl sulfoxide were processed
      for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. As control, freshly collected
      amniotic membrane was fixed and processed for electron microscopy. The cytokines
      and growth factors assessed were: TGF-beta (transforming growth factor beta); TGF
      beta activ (activated transforming growth factor beta); EGF (epidermal growth
      factor); FGF-4 (fibroblast growth factor 4); bFGF (basic fibroblast growth
      factor); IL-4 (interleukin 4); PGE2 (prostaglandin E2); IL-10 (interleukin 10);
      KGF (keratinocyte growth factor); HGF (hepatocyte growth factor). RESULTS:
      Amniotic membrane from the control group showed intact epithelium, with surface
      microvilli and junctional complexes between the cells and the basal membrane.
      Glycerol/MEM preserved amniotic membrane had similar aspect to the control, with
      higher epithelial cells. Those amniotic membranes preserved in dimethyl sulfoxide
      disclosed less intercellular junction and detachment of the epithelium from the
      basal membrane. The cytokines and growth factors did not disclose significant
      differences, except for FGF-4, bFGF, PGE2 and KGF. CONCLUSIONS: Amniotic membrane
      preserved in glycerol/MEM showed a better tissue structure, with less detachment
      of the epithelium from the basal membrane, in comparison to undiluted dimethyl
      sulfoxide. The majority of the growth factors and cytokines were kept with both
      techniques of preservation.

PMID- 18157298
TI  - [Contrast sensitivity in diabetic retinopathy treated with argon laser
      panphotocoagulation].
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate contrast sensitivity in patients with diabetic retinopathy
      (DR) treated with argon laser panphotocoagulation. METHODS: Prospective study of
      patients with diabetic retinopathy and 20/20 visual acuity, treated with retinal
      panphotocoagulation, following ETDRS criteria. The patients were submitted,
      initially, to complete ophthalmologic evaluation and contrast sensitivity testing
      (Vision Contrast Test System). After 3 months of treatment, they were reevaluated
      by means of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. RESULTS: The sample comprised
      28 patients (28 eyes), all with type II diabetes. A ranged from 45 to 77 years
      (mean 57.8+/-8.0), 19 (67.9%) patients were male and 9 (32.1%) female. Regarding
      the type of retinopathy, 18 (64.3%) had proliferative DR and 10 (35.7%) very
      severe non proliferative RD. No visual acuity alteration was observed after
      treatment. In relation to contrast sensitivity, there were no alterations between
      pre and post-treatment in all evaluated spacial frequencies 1.5 (p=0.191); 3.0
      (p=0.850); 6.0 (p=0.374); 12.0 (p=0.674) e 18.0 (p=0.443). CONCLUSION: There was
      no significant alteration in the contrast sensitivity of patients with diabetic
      retinopathy after panphotocoagulation with argon laser in the studied period.

PMID- 18157299
TI  - [Ophthalmologic findings in cardiac transplant recipients].
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate findings of ophthalmologic examinations in cardiac
      transplant recipients, searching especially for changes in the retinal nerve
      fiber layer by means of Scanning Laser Polarimetry. METHODS: Fifteen cardiac
      transplant recipients were examined from September 2003 to July 2004. All of them
      underwent ophthalmologic examination, which consisted of visual acuity (VA),
      biomicroscopy, tonometry and fundoscopy. Fiber layer analyzer-GDx-examination was
      performed in eleven patients. Twelve patients were men. The mean age was 55.0+/
      13.5 years. The follow-up since transplantation lasted from 3 to 74 months; mean
      value 29.7+/-20.8 months. RESULTS: VA with best correction in all patients
      attained at least 20/40. Subcapsular posterior cataract was seen in one patient;
      another presented corneal nubeculae secondary to herpes zoster. In one case a
      scar suggesting retinocoroiditis was seen at fundoscopy. Biomicroscopic and the
      fundoscopic findings were expected because of immunosuppressive treatment,
      following transplantation. GDx examination disclosed loss of fibers in the
      superior retinal fiber layer in 12 of the 22 examined eyes. CONCLUSION: These
      results support the hypothesis that reduction of oxygen inflow in retinal
      circulation before or during heart transplantation could lead to loss of fibers
      in the retinal nerve fiber layer.

PMID- 18157300
TI  - Comparison of the original Amsler grid with the preferential hyperacuity
      perimeter for detecting choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular
      degeneration.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare the preferential hyperacuity perimeter (Preview PHP; Carl
      Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) with the original Amsler grid in the detection of
      choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with age-related macular
      degeneration (AMD). METHODS: Patients were classified into groups, based on the
      severity of the age-related macular degeneration and underwent preferential
      hyperacuity perimeter and Amsler grid testing. High sensitivity and or high
      specificity of a method were defined as the observation of at least 80% of each
      one the parameters. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients (65 eyes) were analyzed
      statistically. The sensitivity of detection of choroidal neovascularization was
      70% by the Amsler grid and 90% by the preferential hyperacuity perimeter and the
      specificity of the Amsler grid was 85.5% and that of the preferential hyperacuity
      perimeter 81.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The preferential hyperacuity perimeter has greater
      sensitivity than the Amsler grid in the detection of choroidal neovascularization
      among patients over 50 years of age and is a promising method for monitoring
      patients with age-related macular degeneration. Although the original Amsler grid
      is less sensitive, it is a portable method, not expensive, accessible and
      presents reasonable sensitivity and high specificity in the diagnosis of
      choroidal neovascularization. Its use can be recommended for self-monitoring in
      patients with age-related macular degeneration as an alternative to preferential
      hyperacuity perimeter and when this method is not available.

PMID- 18157301
TI  - [Use of anatomical measures of idiopathic macular hole obtained through optical
      coherence tomography as a predictive factor in visual results: a pilot study].
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the anatomy of idiopathic macular hole (IMH) using Optical
      Coherence Tomography (OCT) and to construct a prognostic index that can be
      correlated with the visual outcomes and the anatomical closing. METHODS:
      Prospective study, in which 22 eyes with IMH had been evaluated through OCT in
      the daily postoperative period of IMH surgery. The Prognostic of Macular Hole
      Index (PMHI) was created which was correlated with the anatomical result and the
      postoperative visual acuity (VA) six months after surgery. RESULTS: Sixteen eyes
      (72.7%) got anatomical closing at the end of six months of follow-up. On analysis
      of PMHI, there was significant difference between group 1 (open MH) and group 2
      (closed MH) (p=0.0018). The risk for failure of anatomical closing is 11 times
      greater when the diameter of the internal base is over 600 microm or IPBM is less
      than 0.6 (p=0.0495). Regarding final VA, it was observed that the IPBM had a
      significant negative correlation with AV (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: IPBM showed to
      be the best predictor of anatomical closing and postoperative visual acuity among
      the studied variables. It predicted 41% of the postoperative final visual acuity,
      leading us to believe that other factors, such as the time of history and the
      degeneration of photoreceptors in these older BM, can be involved in the visual
      outcomes.

PMID- 18157302
TI  - [Macular thickness analysis by optic coherence tomography in refractory diabetic
      macular edema treated with intravitreous triamcinolone].
AB  - PURPOSE: To assess the effect of intravitreal injections of triamcinolone on
      macular thickness (Stratus-OCT), intra-ocular pressure and visual acuity, in the
      treatment of diabetic macular edema non-responsive to previous laser
      photocoagulation, over a 6-month period. METHODS: The study included 21 subjects
      (22 eyes) who underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, measurements of
      visual acuity and intraocular pressure, and OCT, previously treated with at least
      2 laser applications. The study participants were treated with 4 mg/0.1 ml
      intravitreal triamcinolone. Follow-up visits were scheduled for the 1st day after
      treatment, and after 1, 3 and 6 months. Visual and anatomical results, as well as
      possible complications associated with the intravitreal injection procedure were
      studied. RESULTS: The study showed a significant reduction in mean macular
      thickness, assessed by OCT at 1, 3 and 6 months post-treatment (p=0.001),
      combined with an improvement of the mean visual acuity (p<0.001). Central macular
      thickness mean+/-SD value on the first visit was 399 (+/-121 microm); it was
      reduced by 39.9% (239+/-53 microm) at the first month (p<0.001), 35.5% (255+/-93
      microm) at the third month (p<0.001), and 18.1% (326+/-135 microm) at the sixth
      month (p=0.001). The improvement in mean visual acuity was of 18 and 16 letters
      on the ETDRS table, on the 3rd and 6th month, respectively. Reported
      complications were an increase in intraocular pressure in seven eyes (33.3% of
      the cases). CONCLUSIONS: A reduction in mean retinal thickness was observed
      throughout the entire follow-up period, with significant increase in macular
      thickness between the 3rd and 6th month. The mean visual acuity showed
      statistically significant improvement at the end of the follow-up period, but no
      change was noticed between the 3rd and 6th month.

PMID- 18157303
TI  - [The diagnostic communication of keratoconus and its influence on the social
      representation that the patient has of his/her illness].
AB  - PURPOSE: To analyze the influence of diagnostic and prognostic communication and
      the awareness and affectivity of the patient with keratoconus and to verify the
      possible modifications in the social representation that the individual has of
      the disease, of himself and of his life. METHODS: The sample was consisted of 44
      subjects, both genders, aged 13 to 53 years, with diagnosis of keratoconus who
      agreed to participate in this study. The study was carried out at the "Hospital
      das Clinicas", University of Sao Paulo Medical School, and at the "Hospital de
      Olhos Sadalla Amin Ghanem" (Eye Hospital), in Joinville, state of Santa Catarina.
      A questionnaire used to assess the information received by patients with
      keratoconus was specially developed for this study. A quantitative and
      qualitative analysis of the collected data was performed through descriptive and
      demonstrative analyses of speech, based mainly on Social-Historical Theory.
      RESULTS: In general, the patients did not consider the information provided by
      the doctors as being satisfactory. This fact may be related to how the
      information is transmitted and its contents. This is influenced by several
      variables, such as professional training, structural characteristics of the
      provided care, awareness by the doctor of the importance of language and social
      representation related to the condition of the patient, the socioeconomic and
      cultural level of the physician and the patient, etc. CONCLUSION: This study
      indicates that the way the information is transmitted influences the social
      representation that the individual has of the illness and of himself.

PMID- 18157304
TI  - [One month in an eye emergency clinic in Brasilia].
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate all the visits to the ophthalmic emergency service in
      Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil, through a 1-month period. METHODS: A
      retrospective chart review was carried out of all patients attending the
      ophthalmology emergency department of the "Hospital de Base de Brasilia" during
      September 1 to 30, 2003. RESULTS: Mean age was 32.9+/-18.0 years (ranging from
      zero to 90). Seventy per cent of patients were of the working age category (from
      20 to 59 years-old). Sixty-two per cent of the patients were male (n=1,777) and
      38% female (n=1,067). Seventeen per cent of the patients lived in another state,
      and 83% lived in the Distrito Federal itself. In 3% of the charts, no address was
      informed. In the group of patients residents of the Distrito Federal, 84% lived
      at least 30 km away from the "Hospital de Base". Ocular traumas of any nature
      were the most frequent occurrence (n=730/30%), followed by conjunctivitis
      (n=568/24%). Doctors have not filled out 457 charts (16%). CONCLUSION: The
      ophthalmic emergency service of the "Hospital de Base" de Brasilia is not
      properly located. The great majority of patients presented with common
      pathologies, emphasizing the need for a primary care system. This aspects plus
      the lack of information in a great number of charts suggests that the ophthalmic
      public health system in the "Distrito Federal" requires changes.

PMID- 18157305
TI  - [Topographically-guided photorefractive keratectomy for the management of
      secondary hyperopia following radial keratectomy].
AB  - PURPOSE: To describe a topographically guided photorefractive keratectomy
      technique for the management of secondary hyperopia following radial keratectomy.
      METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in patients where a
      topographically guided photorefractive keratectomy technique was performed for
      the management of secondary hyperopia following radial keratectomy. The patients
      had preoperatively at least 3 diopters of hyperopia. The minimum follow-up was 3
      months. RESULTS: Twenty-four eyes of 21 patients were evaluated. The mean age was
      45.54+/-6.03 years (range 36 to 55 years). The average follow-up was 7.71+/-4.6
      months (range 3 to 17 months). Preoperatively the average spherical equivalent
      was +3.92+/-1.57 (range +1.25 D to +7.75 D), and postoperatively it was -0.29+/
      1.43 (range -3.75 D to +2.50 D) (p<0.01). Visual acuity of 20/25 or better was
      achieved in 45.83% of the eyes, 20/40 or better in 83.33% and 20/60 or better in
      100%. All patients were satisfied with the results and stated subjective
      improvement in visual quality. CONCLUSION: Considering that it is a retreatment
      procedure performed in unstable and irregular corneas with high degrees of
      hyperopia, topographically guided photorefractive keratectomy showed good results
      and was safe and effective for the management of secondary hyperopia following
      radial keratectomy.

PMID- 18157306
TI  - [Socioeconomic profile of individuals presenting with glaucoma in the service of
      ophthalmology of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de
      Fora - Minas Gerais - Brazil].
AB  - PURPOSE: To assess the socioeconomic profile of individuals presenting with
      primary glaucoma at the ophthalmology service of the university hospital of the
      Feredal University of Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil. METHODS: Submission of a
      questionnaire to 100 individuals during consultation in the ophthalmology service
      of the university hospital of Federal University of Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil.
      RESULTS: Eighty-four per cent of individuals were pensioners or retired, 86% had
      a monthly income of 1 to 2 salaries, 29% had been spending 26 to 75 reais per
      month with glaucoma therapy, 78% presented with comorbidities and 41% had already
      abandoned treatment due to financial difficulties in buying the medication.
      CONCLUSION: The low-socioeconomic-level studied population presents with
      therapeutic compliance difficulties mainly due to financial situation and
      presence of comorbidities. The authors reinforce the urgent need of adopting
      sociopolitical measures that facilitate access to antiglaucoma medication, which
      prompts a better therapeutic compliance.

PMID- 18157307
TI  - [Clinical treatment of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis with
      albendazole].
AB  - PURPOSE: To describe the evolution of a series of cases of diffuse unilateral
      subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) treated with albendazole. METHODS: Interventional
      case series. The authors developed a non-randomized clinical trial protocol to
      investigate the clinical evolution of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis
      cases treated with albendazole. According to protocol criteria up to now, six
      patients were selected that will be described separately. RESULTS: Of the six
      studied patients, four presented the worm. All six patients treated with the
      antiparasitic drug showed improvement of visual acuity and of chorioretinal
      scars. During the weeks of treatment, evidence of worm inactivation was
      documented for the four patients with visible worms. No adverse drug side effects
      were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The antiparasitic drug albendazole seems to be
      beneficial and safe in patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis.
      More studies are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of albendazole in the
      treatment of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis.

PMID- 18157308
TI  - ["Vision through the hands": experience of a project].
AB  - PURPOSE: The Project "Vision through the hands" was performed by the Altino
      Ventura Foundation, with the purpose of investigating the present child situation
      with multiple disabilities in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: Birth and
      social conditions, social problems, and difficulty in accessing the specialized
      services were evaluated, aiming to collect relevant data with the goal of
      posterior implantation of a specialized diagnosis and treatment center.
      Ophthalmologic care and proper treatment were offered. RESULTS: Three hundred and
      nine children from five reference institutions in disabilities were attended, on
      six non consecutive days. All cases underwent ophthalmologic examinations and
      parent interviews. During the waiting time between the ophthalmologic visits and
      parent interviews the patients performed activities with artists. A
      multidisciplinary team of 31 professionals was available. According to parent
      information 83.1% of the patients were considered included in the society and
      only 45.4% attended school (normal or special). The difficulty to get access to
      ophthalmologic service was reported by 51.1%. Two hundred and seventy children
      with multiple disabilities were identified, 154 (56.2%) of whom underwent an
      ophthalmologic examination for the first time, and 33.0% had low visual acuity
      (inferior to 20/60 Snellen). The most frequent diagnoses were: refraction error,
      strabismus, ambliopia, alterations of optic nerve (glaucoma and atrophy), and
      cataract. Eighty-four glasses were prescribed. CONCLUSION: This project was
      pioneer in the region, allowing to obtain the information about important
      problems regarding multiple disabilities, and making possible ophthalmologic care
      and specialized treatment to the children.

PMID- 18157309
TI  - [Uveitis and spondyloarthritis: prevalence and relationship with joint disease].
AB  - PURPOSE: To study uveitis prevalence in the local population with
      spondyloarthritis and its temporal relationship with joint complaints. METHODS:
      We reviewed seventy-seven charts of spondyloarthropathy patients from the
      rheumatology clinic of the "Hospital Universitario Evangelico de Curitiba" for
      spondyloarthritis class, patients' sex and age, occurrence of uveitis and its
      location and relationship between the first episode of uveitis and initial joint
      complaints. RESULTS: Uveitis was found in 12 of 77 patients (15.6%) which was
      anterior in 83.3% of the cases, without preference for spondyloarthropathy class
      (p=0.72) and patients' sex (p=0.74). In patients with reactive arthritis, the
      mean time between uveitis appearance and joint complaints was 4.04 months and in
      ankylosing spondylitis 73 months (p=0.009). CONCLUSION: Spondyloarthropathy
      patients have uveitis that is anterior in most of the cases and that appears
      earlier in reactive arthritis than in ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 18157310
TI  - Artificial eye amplitudes and characteristics in enucleated socket with porous
      polyethylene spherical and quad-motility implant.
AB  - PURPOSE: To compare artificial eye amplitudes in enucleated socket with porous
      polyethylene either spherical or quad-motility implant and study the
      characteristics of artificial eyes fit with the two orbital implants. METHODS: A
      total of 21 patients were prospectively studied who underwent enucleation because
      of an intraocular melanoma and the randomization defined a porous polyethylene
      either spherical or quad-motility orbital implant. Measurements of the amplitude
      of the artificial eye were obtained with prism and digital photos. The software
      Scion Image analyzed the digital photos (www.scioncorp.com) and the quantitative
      data were allocated to groups. The measurements (height, length, thickness) and
      weight of the 21 artificial eyes were analyzed. Student's t-test was performed to
      determine the significance of difference between groups (p<0.05). RESULTS: There
      was no statistically significant difference of the artificial eye amplitude
      analyzed by means of prisms between both orbital implants (p>0.05 for all
      directions). On analyzing the digital photos, the artificial eye with spherical
      implant showed higher artificial eye amplitude downward (p=0.009) among patients
      older than 55 years old, rightward (p=0.036) and downward (p=0.008) among the 9
      patients with enucleated right eye. Height and length were similar in the 21
      artificial eyes but those artificial eyes fit with quad-motility orbital implants
      were statistically significant thicker (p<0.001) and heavier (p=0.001).
      CONCLUSIONS: The similar amplitude of movement of artificial eyes was observed
      with both spherical and quad-motility orbital implants. Artificial eyes fit with
      quad-motility orbital implant are significantly thicker and heavier than those
      fit with spherical orbital implant.

PMID- 18157311
TI  - Evaluation of Internet websites about floaters and light flashes in patient
      education.
AB  - PURPOSE: Flashes of light and floaters are most commonly caused by posterior
      vitreous separation but may be associated with sight-threatening disorders.
      Prevention of severe sequelae requires prompt dilated eye examination. Thus,
      information dissemination is crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of
      information about floaters and light flashes available for patients on the
      Internet. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. In July 2005 we evaluated information
      available on the Internet regarding floaters and light flashes, using two search
      engines (MetaCrawler and MSN) and three key terms ("floaters", "dark spots eye",
      and "light flashes eye"). The quality of each website was evaluated using a score
      system. The sites were classified as academic, organizational or commercial.
      Readability, general quality of the website (based on: ownership, purpose,
      authorship, author qualification, attribution, interactivity, and currency) and
      quality of the specific content (definition, causes, epidemiology, diagnosis,
      treatment, and prognosis) were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 145 websites evaluated, 49
      were included. Four sites (8.2%) were academic, 9 (18.4%) organizational, and 36
      (73.4%) commercial. In the majority of the sites (53.0%) information was poor and
      quality was not correlated with website classification. CONCLUSIONS: Information
      about floaters and light flashes available on the Internet is poor.

PMID- 18157312
TI  - [Evaluation of macular perimetry in patients with age-related macular
      degeneration using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope].
AB  - PURPOSES: To evaluate the correlation between anatomical changes (hard druses,
      soft druses, hyperpigmentation, new vessels, detachment of retinal pigment
      epithelium, hypopigmentation and chorioretinal atrophy) and light sensitivity in
      patients with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD); analyze macular
      sensitivity in areas with no anatomical lesions in patients with ARMD and
      compared them to the control group in order to detect if there was any functional
      lesion in areas with no anatomical changes. METHODS: A cross-sectional,
      comparative, descriptive and analytic study was performed. The case group
      consisted of 31 subjects with ARMD aged between 51 and 88 years. The control
      group consisted of 31 "healthy" subjects, without ARMD aged between 61 and 80
      years. The groups were matched for gender and age. We performed static macular
      perimetry, red-red, using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO). Results of
      macular perimetry were correlated with the anatomic lesion identified in the same
      site by infrared laser and color photographs. RESULTS: Areas with new vessels or
      atrophy showed a significantly different sensitivity in relation to areas without
      anatomical lesions in patients with ARMD. There was significant functional loss
      in areas with no anatomical lesions in patients with ARMD in relation to the
      control group. CONCLUSIONS: Areas with new vessels or atrophy could be distinct
      factors for worsening of the localized macular sensitivity. There might be
      functional loss even in areas with no apparent anatomical changes in ARMD
      patients.

PMID- 18157313
TI  - [Central retinal artery occlusion secondary to brachial cineangiocoronography:
      case report].
AB  - The authors report a case of a patient with coronary insufficiency who developed
      central retinal artery occlusion following cardiac catheterism through the
      brachial artery and cineangiocoronography. This procedure can lead to embolic
      phenomena like that which was reported.

PMID- 18157314
TI  - [The use of latex biomembrane in exenteration: case report].
AB  - The latex biomembrane is a material from Hevea brasiliensis and has angiogenic
      properties, cellular adhesion and extracellular matrix formation. It has been
      used for the treatment of ulcers in the inferior extremities caused by diabetes,
      chronic vascular insufficiency and timpanic perforations. In this study we report
      a case of biomembrane use to promote granulation in the orbital cavity after
      exenteration in a male, 72 years, who came into our service with a left eyelid
      lesion for two years. The ocular examination revealed a hyperemic conjunctiva,
      corneal thinning, cataract and ocular perforation in the left eye. The right eye
      had no alterations. There was an expansive and ulcerated lesion with orbital
      septum, frontal bone and lamina papiracea invasion confirmed by tomography. A
      total exenteration of the cavity was made and the biomembrane was applied to the
      affected site. Changes were made every 24 hours in the first seven days, and
      every other day in the following seven days. The biomembrane had to be taken from
      the patient because no granulation could be seen. Just one occurred and a half
      month later. Exenteration is a procedure in which all of the orbital content is
      removed. If the eyelids are included it is called total exenteration. There are
      many exenteration techniques as spontaneous granulation, skin grafts,
      miocutaneous flap, etc. In this case we used a material which has been
      successfully applied for other wounds, but with no efficiency in our experience.
      More studies are necessary so that we can present benefits to our patients in the
      ophthalmologic area with the latex biomembrane.

PMID- 18157315
TI  - Macular edema associated with gyrate atrophy managed with intravitreal
      triamcinolone: a case report.
AB  - PURPOSE: To describe the use of 4 mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA)
      for gyrate atrophy-related macular edema (ME) and to report anatomic and
      functional outcomes, during a nine-month period. CASE REPORT: A 27-year-old
      female complained of decreased vision since diagnosis of gyrate athrophy (GA),
      six years before admission. At presentation visual acuity was 20/100 in OD and
      20/80 in OS. Ophthalmological examination disclosed significant cataract in OD,
      pseudophakia in OS and typical GA findings. Fluorescein angiography (FA)
      disclosed ME that was confirmed by optical coherence tomography (OCT), which also
      showed subfoveal fluid. OS was treated with a 4-mg IVTA injection. One month
      later, vision improved to 20/50+1 and foveal thickness decreased, with less
      leakage in FA. This picture was maintained up to six months, when there was
      recurrence of ME to a level similar to the baseline. At nine months, visual
      acuity dropped to 20/80, and ME was maintained, with remodeling in macular
      profile. CONCLUSION: There is a transient therapeutic effect with 4-mg IVTA
      injection for GA-related ME. After drug clearance, edema recurs, with return of
      visual acuity to pretreatment level.

PMID- 18157316
TI  - [Intraocular involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease--first report in the
      literature: case report].
AB  - Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a granulomatous and infiltrative disorder of
      unknown etiology with proliferation of cholesterol-containing histiocytes and
      peculiar bone involvement. It is very similar to Langerhans cell histiocytosis
      (LCH) on histology but with a different immunohistochemical profile. This is the
      first report of intraocular involvement in this disease. MPSG, a 46 y.o. woman,
      presented with proptosis of the OD. She referred ulcerated lesions on the hard
      palate, symmetrical and bilateral osteosclerosis of the fibulae and tibiae and a
      nodule in the right breast (biopsy: xantomatous histiocytic infiltrate CD68+, S
      100 and CD1a negative on immunohistochemistry compatible with ECD). MRI studies
      demonstrated an extraconal tumor in the juxta-bulbar temporal portion of the
      right orbit close to the lacrimal gland and hyperintense on T1. Vision was 20/20
      OU, with numerous drusen in the posterior pole, similar to basal laminar drusen.
      Two regions of orange subretinal infiltrates that showed progressive staining on
      the angiogram were seen in the peripapillary region and also close to the fovea
      in the OD. Choroidal neovascular membranes were seen 2 years later in OU leading
      to severe visual loss in the OS and to a slight visual field loss in the OD,
      which retained 20/20 vision. This pioneer report depicts in vivo characteristics
      of histiocytic granulomas in ECD. Caution should be taken with patients with ECD
      as potentially blinding intraocular complications may arise.

PMID- 18157317
TI  - Central retinal artery occlusion associated with traumatic carotid cavernous
      fistula: case report.
AB  - Carotid cavernous fistulas are a rare entity occurring as result of head trauma
      and also spontaneously. The authors report a rare case of central retinal artery
      occlusion complicating traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula, resulting in severe
      visual acuity loss. Spontaneous closure of the fistula was observed. The possible
      mechanisms responsible for this complication are discussed.

PMID- 18157318
TI  - [Leber's miliary aneurysms associated with vitreomacular traction syndrome: case
      report].
AB  - Retinal telangiectasias are idiopathic vascular abnormalities of the retina
      characterized by irregular dilatation of the retinal vessels, intraretinal and
      subretinal exudation. The aim of this article is to describe the uncommon
      association of Leber's miliary aneurysms and vitreomacular traction syndrome in a
      female patient. The diagnosis was established with angiofluoresceinography and
      optic coherence tomography. The patient was treated with focal photocoagulation
      with argon green laser directed to the perimacular aneurysms and pars plana
      posterior vitrectomy. The visual acuity showed great improvement after a four
      month follow-up. The present report supports the importance of optic coherence
      tomography in cases where the vitreoretinal interface must be evaluated,
      including vascular pathologies, which allowed us to offer a better treatment to
      this patient.

PMID- 18157319
TI  - [Brazilian guidelines proposal for screening and treatment of retinopathy of
      prematurity (ROP)].
AB  - Retinopathy of prematurity is one of the main causes of childhood blindness.
      Worldwide, there are more than 50,000 children blind due to retinopathy of
      prematurity. Visual impairment is a consequence of retinal detachment. It can be
      detected by serial ophthalmologic examination of infants at risk, and those
      identified with the severe form of the disease can be treated by laser or
      cryotherapy, which can decrease significantly the blindness due to ROP. The
      Brazilian Society of Pediatrics, Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology and Brazilian
      Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology suggest a guideline for the detection and
      treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in Brazil. This document was based on the
      results of the I Workshop of Retinopathy of Prematurity and presents the
      attributes for the implementation of an efficient diagnostic and treatment
      program.

PMID- 18157320
TI  - A fibrin-related line of research and theoretical possibilities for the use of
      fibrin glue as a temporary basal membrane in non-perforated corneal ulcers and in
      photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)-operated corneas.
AB  - PURPOSE: To report a specific line of research developed at the University of Sao
      Paulo/Brazil on fibrin glue used for sealing corneal perforations and the
      perspectives of use on non-perforated corneal ulcers and photorefractive
      keratectomy-operated corneas. METHODS: To describe fibrin glue manufacture,
      development of a device to test the glued perforated corneal area resistance,
      subsequent experimental investigations of the use of the fibrin glue in corneal
      perforations, reporting its efficacy, mechanical resistance experiments and
      histological study. Finally, the medical literature basis is searched to propose
      studies on the use of fibrin as a temporary basal membrane on non-perforated
      corneal surfaces like non-infectious corneal ulcers and on post-photorefractive
      keratectomy corneal surfaces. RESULTS: The development of fibrin glue, the device
      for resistance experiments, the efficacy, resistance and histological studies on
      fibrin glue used for sealing corneal perforations are reported as well as the
      scientific literature basis for the proposed studies on the use of fibrin as a
      temporary basal membrane on non-perforated corneas like non-perforated corneal
      ulcers and photorefractive keratectomy corneal surfaces. CONCLUSION: A specific
      line of research was reported on fibrin glue to seal corneal perforations at the
      University of Sao Paulo/Brazil and the theoretical perspectives for the use of
      fibrin in non-perforated corneal ulcers and on photorefractive keratectomy
      operated corneas in an attempt to reduce corneal haze.

PMID- 18157321
TI  - [Potential use of "wikis"to continuous update and medical knowledge improvement].

PMID- 18157322
TI  - Visibility, the current challenge for publishing policy!

PMID- 18157323
TI  - [Caffeine consumption during pregnancy and prevalence of low birth weight and
      prematurity: a systematic review].
AB  - This article reports on a systematic review of studies on caffeine intake during
      pregnancy and prevalence of low birth weight and prematurity, focusing on methods
      to quantify intake and control for confounding. The review consisted of an
      article search from 1996 to 2006 in MEDLINE, LILACS, and PubMed, using the key
      words: "caffeine", "coffee", "low birth weight", "birth weight", "preterm",
      "premature", and "prematurity". Ten articles were selected. Methods used to
      quantify caffeine consumption were: semi-quantitative food frequency
      questionnaires for diet or only caffeinated products, including one self-applied
      questionnaire; food recall; questions on type and method of preparation; analysis
      of samples; and urine and plasma caffeine levels. In three studies, high caffeine
      consumption was associated with low birth weight and/or prematurity.
      Contradictions between studies may be due to difficulties in measuring caffeine
      consumption; assessment of different caffeine sources; variations in the mode of
      preparation and amount consumed; and sample size. Association between moderate
      caffeine consumption and fetal growth was not demonstrated, so a more precise
      measurement of caffeine intake is necessary.

PMID- 18157324
TI  - Access to health care in developing countries: breaking down demand side
      barriers.
AB  - Effective health care interventions are underutilized in the developing world,
      and income-related disparities in use are large. The evidence concerning this
      access problem is summarized and its demand side causes are identified. Broad
      strategies that have been proposed to tackle the access problem through changes
      in economic incentives are considered. It is argued that there is a need to go
      beyond the identification of broad strategies to the design and evaluation of
      specific policy measures. Only through experimentation and evaluation will we
      learn what works in raising health care utilization, particularly among the poor
      in the developing world.

PMID- 18157325
TI  - DDT reintroduction for malaria control: the cost-benefit debate for public
      health.
AB  - DDT is a persistent insecticide that was widely used in the world from the 1940s
      until the 70s, when it was banned in the United States and other countries. Most
      of its toxic effects are not observed in the acute forms, but particularly after
      chronic exposure. These long-term issues include reproductive effects, varying
      according to the time of life in which the individuals were exposed. The aims of
      the current study were to review the principal toxicological effects of DDT on
      reproduction, stratifying by physiological periods of exposure, and based on the
      magnitude of these effects, to discuss the cost-benefit relationship of
      reintroducing DDT with the specifically defined vector control criteria.

PMID- 18157326
TI  - Patterns in the use of medicines by university students in Maputo, Mozambique.
AB  - Patterns in the use of medicines are expected to reflect distinct health features
      between populations. This study aimed to describe the self-reported use of
      medication by a sample of university students in Maputo, Mozambique. We conducted
      a survey of 797 students in a private university in Maputo. Participants
      completed a questionnaire including socio-demographic data and pattern of
      medication use in the preceding month. Information was collected on the number
      and names of drugs, duration of use, and prescription. The drugs were grouped
      according to therapeutic indication. In the previous month, 56% of students had
      used at least one pharmaceutical drug, with higher prevalence for women (65.2%
      vs. 42.2%) and men attending health-related courses (67.4% vs. 53.2%). The most
      commonly used medicines were anti-inflammatory/analgesic drugs (62.2%), anti
      infectives (25.9%), and vitamins/minerals (13.6%). The most frequently used
      single drugs were paracetamol (42.8%), amoxicillin (12.6%), and ibuprofen (8.4%).
      Duration of use was lowest for anti-inflammatory/analgesic drugs and highest for
      oral contraceptives. Use of medication by Mozambican students was similar to that
      observed in other university populations.

PMID- 18157327
TI  - [Risk factors for perinatal mortality in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil, 2003].
AB  - The aim of this study was to identify and analyze risk factors for perinatal
      mortality in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil, in 2003, using a multilevel
      hierarchical model. In this case-control study, cases consisted of all perinatal
      deaths in 2003 in singleton infants with birth weight > 500g and without
      congenital malformations. The controls were live births from December 26, 2002,
      to December 31, 2003, with the same characteristics as the study group, but who
      survived > 6 days. By using record linkage techniques, 403 cases and 1,612
      controls were obtained. All variables, when submitted jointly to multiple
      logistic regression, showed statistical significance in decreasing order of risk,
      as follows: prematurity (OR = 18.23), low birth weight (OR = 4.90), maternal age
      > 35 (OR = 1.97), delivery in public hospitals (OR = 1.93), and maternal
      schooling < 4 years (OR = 1.78).

PMID- 18157328
TI  - Use of contraceptive methods by sexually active teenagers in Pelotas, Rio Grande
      do Sul State, Brazil.
AB  - This study aimed to assess the prevalence of contraceptive use by adolescents. A
      cross-sectional study was performed from March to September 2002 in a
      representative sample of adolescents 15 to 18 years of age in the urban area of
      Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Multiple-stage sampling was used, and
      in the 448 census tracts located in the urban area, 90 were sampled and
      households were visited in each tract. Information was collected on sexual
      initiation and use of contraceptive methods. Chi-square test was used to compare
      proportions. The sample included 960 adolescents. 88% of subjects reported the
      use of any contraceptive method. Condoms were the most commonly used method
      (63.2%). Low adolescent schooling was the only variable associated with increased
      risk of non-use of contraceptives. Condom use was higher among males, adolescents
      whose mothers had 9 or more years of schooling, and those reporting several
      sexual partners in the previous year. Condoms were the most commonly used
      contraceptive method.

PMID- 18157329
TI  - [Risk factors associated with very low birth weight in a low-income population].
AB  - This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with very low birth weight
      in a general hospital in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This was
      a case-control study of 200 newborns with birth weight from 500 to 1,499 g
      (cases) and 400 with birth weight from 3,000 to 3,999 g (controls). Infants were
      from singleton pregnancies, and their mother had received prenatal care at public
      health services. The dependent variable was birth weight, and independent
      variables included socioeconomic status, schooling, and gestational and birth
      status. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with a 5% level of
      significance. Mortality in very low birth weight newborns was 32.5%. The limits
      of viability were 600 g for birth weight and 26 weeks for gestational age.
      Variables related to very low birth weight were: maternal age > 35 years (p =
      0.01), lack of prenatal care (p < 0.0001), illness during the index pregnancy (p
      = 0.03), maternal hypertension (p = 0.007), hospitalization during pregnancy (p <
      0.0001), and prior history of low birth weight (p < 0.0001). Many premature
      births were due to avertable factors.

PMID- 18157330
TI  - Heterogeneity of malaria prevalence in alluvial gold mining areas in Northern
      Mato Grosso State, Brazil.
AB  - This paper analyzes factors affecting the risk of malaria among individuals
      working in wildcat gold mining camps (garimpos) in northern Mato Grosso State in
      the Brazilian Amazon. Historically, such mining camps have the locations with the
      highest malaria prevalence in the Brazilian Amazon. However, little attention has
      focused on understanding the disease from the internal perspective of the mining
      camps themselves, such as the mining population's characteristics and its spatial
      organization. This paper adopts a stepwise logistic model to identify spatial,
      occupational-exposure, and cultural factors that affect malaria prevalence.
      According to the results, differences among individuals working and/or living in
      the gold mining areas could produce different exposure to the disease and thus to
      different risk of malaria prevalence. Understanding these differences may provide
      an important tool for identifying risk profiles in the gold mining and related
      population and for informing programs for prevention and treatment of malaria in
      the Amazon.

PMID- 18157331
TI  - [Trends in body fat and muscle mass among elderly individuals in Fortaleza, Ceara
      State, Brazil].
AB  - The aim of this study was to describe trends in body fat and muscle mass among
      elderly individuals in Fortaleza, Ceara State, Brazil. This was a population
      based, cross-sectional, household survey of elderly individuals (> 60 years) (n =
      483) in Fortaleza. The variables analyzed were: triceps skinfold thickness (TST),
      upper arm fat area (UFA), mid upper arm circumference (MAC), arm muscle
      circumference (AMC), arm muscle area (AMA), and corrected arm muscle area (CAMA).
      Mean TST and UFA were significantly higher in women than men (p < 0.05). Mean
      AMC, AMA, and CAMA were higher in men than women (p < 0.05). For all the
      variables, the mean and 50th percentile decreased with age, except the TST
      percentile for women. Anthropometric and body composition patterns in the elderly
      in this study showed similar trends to those of other studies, but with different
      values. The values could thus be useful as references for the elderly in
      Fortaleza.

PMID- 18157332
TI  - [Meanings and practices related to HIV risk according to the sexual scripts of
      women from a low-income neighborhood in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil].
AB  - A growing number of studies have connected sexuality, gender, and power to
      discuss the increasing spread of HIV in women, but the epidemic still poses
      significant theoretical and programmatic challenges. The current study focuses on
      how cultural codes underlying sexual experience are manifested in women's
      subjectivity and orient their interpretations and practices related to the risk
      of HIV infection. In-depth interviews with 15 women ranging from 18 to 30 years
      of age led to the reconstitution of three life histories, focusing on their
      sexual scripts The data were organized using the Nud-Ist software and submitted
      to hermeneutic analysis. The meanings and practices associated with HIV risk vary
      according to the moment in life, the sociability network, and the type of bond
      established with the partner. The findings point to the need to understand the
      shared sexual meanings in specific contexts, in order to develop more culturally
      sensitive prevention programs.

PMID- 18157333
TI  - [Voluntary surgical sterilization in Greater Metropolitan Campinas, Sao Paulo
      State, Brazil, before and after legal regulation of the procedure].
AB  - This cross-sectional study compared the provision of surgical sterilization in
      public health services in Greater Metropolitan Campinas, Sao Paulo State, Brazil,
      and the characteristics of women and men who underwent sterilization before and
      after its legal regulation. Structured and pre-tested questionnaires were applied
      to 398 women, 15 directors of municipal family planning programs, and 15
      coordinators of basic health units. Eight municipalities in Greater Metropolitan
      Campinas provided tubal ligation and nine performed vasectomy. Approximately half
      reported following the guidelines of the prevailing family planning legislation.
      There were no significant differences before or after legal regulation in terms
      of the characteristics of women and men sterilized or the waiting time for
      surgery. Most tubal ligations were still performed in combination with cesarean
      sections (the additional payment for sterilization had decreased, but the
      difference was not significant). There is strong evidence that in Greater
      Metropolitan Campinas the changes expected from legal regulation of surgical
      sterilization did not materialize. Although progress has been made, several
      distortions still need to be corrected.

PMID- 18157334
TI  - Cysticercosis-related mortality in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1985-2004: a
      study using multiple causes of death.
AB  - Cysticercosis-related mortality has not been studied in Brazil. Deaths recorded
      in the State of Sao Paulo from 1985 to 2004 in which cysticercosis was mentioned
      on any line or in any part of the death certificate were studied. Causes of death
      were processed using the Multiple Cause Tabulator. Over this 20-year period,
      cysticercosis was identified in 1,570 deaths: as the underlying cause in 1,131
      and as an associated cause of death in 439. Standardized mortality rates with
      cysticercosis as the underlying cause showed a downward trend and were higher
      among men and older individuals. Intracranial hypertension, cerebral edema,
      hydrocephalus, inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, and
      cerebrovascular diseases were the main associated causes in deaths due to
      cysticercosis. AIDS was the principal underlying cause of death in which
      cysticercosis was an associated cause. The counties (municipalities) with the
      most cysticercosis-related deaths were Sao Paulo, Campinas, Ribeirao Preto, and
      Santo Andre. Wide variation was observed between counties regarding the value
      ascribed to cysticercosis as the underlying cause of death. This leads to
      underestimation of the disease's importance in planning health interventions.

PMID- 18157335
TI  - [Socioeconomic factors, nutritional risk, and enamel defects in children from
      Joao Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil].
AB  - This study focused on factors related to nutritional risk in children over one
      year of age from low-income families in Joao Pessoa, Paraiba State, Northeast
      Brazil, and the frequency of related enamel defects. The study included 117
      children, 56 at nutritional risk and 61 with normal growth. Nutritional
      evaluation, clinical dental examination, and interviews with mothers were
      conducted at the homes. Gestational and birth records were examined in the
      maternity hospital. Data were analyzed using the chi-square, Fisher's exact
      tests, and logistic regression. Enamel defects were associated with nutritional
      risk after the first year of life. Nutritional risk was associated with per
      capita family income, birth weight, and intrauterine growth index. These are
      relevant factors for individual nutritional planning and formation of dental
      enamel.

PMID- 18157336
TI  - [Treatment of patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis: health services
      evaluation in northwestern Parana State, Brazil].
AB  - The current study focuses on outpatient treatment of patients (n = 229) with
      American cutaneous leishmaniasis from 2001 to 2004, before and after
      decentralization of treatment to the municipal level in northwestern Parana
      State, Brazil. While the treatment was still centralized, clinical evaluation and
      medical records were more complete and detailed, treatment was initiated earlier,
      and follow-up of the outcome was evaluated in 95% of patients and 100% of cases
      that received two treatment cycles. Treatment also complied with the guidelines
      of the American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Control Manual. After decentralization,
      treatment was less rigorous: 32% of patients were treated with two cycles of N
      methyl glucamine antimoniate without complying with the guidelines; 72.6% of
      patients received inadequate treatment; 84% of cases failed to received proper
      clinical follow-up. Lack of information on patient clinical records posed a
      serious obstacle to evaluation. The current study failed to identify any benefit
      in decentralizing treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis to the local
      level.

PMID- 18157337
TI  - [Economic restructuring and impacts on health and mental distress: the case of a
      state-owned bank in Minas Gerais State, Brazil].
AB  - Restructuring of the Brazilian financial sector was consolidated through the
      combination of mass lay-offs, automation, and outsourcing, in addition to
      business re-engineering with leveling of hierarchical echelons, labor
      casualization, and multi-function jobs. In order to comply and deal with the new
      demands, bank employees had to increase their schooling, become multi-functional
      and expert sales attendants, and submit to substandard conditions in the
      workplace, increased workload, overtime, and low wages. The purpose of the
      current study was to examine the restructuring process in a state-owned bank in
      Minas Gerais State, Brazil, and its impacts on workers' health. The study also
      analyzes absenteeism rates from 1998 to 2003, when there was an increase in
      diseases such as repetitive stress injury (RSI)/work-related musculoskeletal
      disorders (WRMD) and mental/behavioral disorders, accounting for 56% and 19% of
      sick leaves. The process has continued to the present, with a restrictive
      recruitment policy. Further study is needed to confirm the results.

PMID- 18157338
TI  - [Distribution of species from genus Anopheles (Diptera, Culicidae) in the State
      of Maranhao, Brazil].
AB  - We studied the distribution and diversity of Anopheles species in 123 counties
      (municipalities) in the State of Maranhao, Brazil. The basic method consisted of
      capturing female specimens inside and around human dwellings between 6 PM and 6
      AM from January 1992 to December 2001. A total of 84,467 specimens belonging to
      24 species were captured, with a predominance of A. triannulatus sensu lato
      (20,788), A. darlingi (19,083), A. nuneztovari (16,884), A. albitarsis s.l.
      (14,352), A. aquasalis (8.202), and A. evansae (2,885). The other 18 species
      together accounted for only 2.7% of the total. The species found in the most
      counties were A. albitarsis s.l. (109 counties), A. triannulatus s.l. (106), A.
      nuneztovari (93), A. darlingi (87), and A. evansae (64). The richness and wide
      distribution of anopheline species in Maranhao agree with the State's geographic
      position among Brazil's macro-regions, resulting in a mixed fauna with
      representative elements from these regions.

PMID- 18157339
TI  - [Trends in graduate courses on the evaluation of public food and nutrition
      programs in Brazil, 1980-2004].
AB  - In recent years, public policy evaluation in Brazil has become a strategic tool
      for improving the performance of public action, capable of contributing
      effectively to social welfare. Despite this recognition, evaluative practice has
      still not been incorporated into the programs' "life cycle", especially in the
      social area. Programs that lack significant evaluative practice include those
      related to food and nutrition. This article thus aimed to characterize the field
      of evaluation of public food and nutrition interventions in graduate studies
      programs in Brazil. The study focused primarily on theses and dissertations from
      1980 to 2004, converging on the functioning of interventions with a predominance
      of documental research and case studies. Analytically, the principal thematic
      categories in these theses and dissertations have shifted from a more biological
      focus to the socio-political dimension.

PMID- 18157340
TI  - [Structural and functional aspects of social support for the elderly in the city
      of Sao Paulo, Brazil].
AB  - This study aimed to describe the distribution of social support networks for the
      elderly in the City of Sao Paulo, Brazil, based on socioeconomic and demographic
      characteristics. A probability sample of 1,568 elderly persons (> 60 years) was
      studied (SABE query), focusing on structural and functional dimensions of social
      networks. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze
      the data. The best conditions in social networks were in the lowest income levels
      and the worst among older and unmarried people. For women, unmarried marital
      status was significantly associated with lower schooling. Cohabiting had the
      strongest influence on the functional dimension, while "living alone"
      significantly decreased the odds of social exchange. Multiple logistic regression
      by gender suggested that age, marital status, per capita income, and schooling
      were associated with social networks among elderly people. However, these
      relationships were expressed unevenly between the genders and depending on the
      socio-demographic characteristics of the different dimensions of the social
      support network.

PMID- 18157341
TI  - Diagnosis of overweight and obesity in adolescents from the 1993 Pelotas Birth
      Cohort Study, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: comparison of two diagnostic
      criteria.
AB  - Various cut-off points for body mass index have been proposed to assess
      nutritional status in adolescents. The aim of this study was to compare two
      methods for evaluating overweight and obesity. In 2004-5, 4,452 adolescents from
      the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study were evaluated, representing 87.5%
      of the original cohort. Overweight and obesity were evaluated using the methods
      proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Obesity Task
      Force (IOTF). Prevalence of overweight was similar when comparing the two methods
      (WHO: 23.2%; IOTF: 21.6%). Prevalence of obesity was higher according to the WHO
      criterion (total sample: 11.6%; boys: 15.1%; girls: 8.2%) as compared to IOTF
      (total sample: 5.0%; boys: 5.6%; girls: 4.4%). The kappa statistic was around 0.9
      for determining overweight and 0.4 for obesity. The IOTF classification showed
      high specificity in comparison to the WHO criterion for determining overweight
      and obesity. However, sensitivity was high for overweight but low for obesity.
      Our data show that the IOTF classification underestimates the prevalence of
      obesity in early adolescence.

PMID- 18157342
TI  - [Pediatric practice in public emergency services and factors affecting care].
AB  - This qualitative empirical study discusses the material and organizational
      conditions of work by pediatricians in a public emergency service, with the aim
      of identifying factors that affect care. The work was studied using group
      interviews and direct observation in the emergency unit. The results were
      compared with statistical and historical data from documental research. Forty
      four pediatricians from seven teams were interviewed, and seven of the
      pediatricians were observed while on duty. The precarious referral and counter
      referral system was a determinant factor leading to the heavy demand on the
      emergency unit. Agglomeration of patients and families at the entrance to the
      emergency service led to time pressure and interfered directly in the pediatric
      care. The study identified informal strategies devised and implemented by these
      physicians in attempts to guarantee the quality of care in keeping with pediatric
      principles.

PMID- 18157343
TI  - [Work process and workers' health in a food and nutrition unit: prescribed versus
      actual work].
AB  - This study focuses on the relationship between the work process in a food and
      nutrition unit and workers' health, in the words of the participants themselves.
      Direct observation, a semi-structured interview, and focus groups were used to
      collect the data. The reference was the dialogue between human ergonomics and
      work psychodynamics. The results showed that work organization in the study unit
      represents a routine activity, the requirements of which in terms of the work
      situation are based on criteria set by the institution. Variability in the
      activities is influenced mainly by the available equipment, instruments, and
      materials, thereby generating improvisation in meal production that produces both
      a physical and psychological cost for workers. Dissatisfaction during the
      performance of tasks results mainly from the supervisory style and relationship
      to immediate superiors. Workers themselves proposed changes in the work
      organization, based on greater dialogue and trust between supervisors and the
      workforce. Finally, the study identifies the need for an intervention that
      encourages workers' participation as agents of change.

PMID- 18157344
TI  - [Scientific articles and scientific output in Public Health in Brazil:
      introduction].

PMID- 18157345
TI  - [Output and citation in public health: a perspective based on the journals
      Cadernos de Saude Publica and Revista de Saude Publica].
AB  - This is a comparative bibliometric study of the two main scientific journals in
      the Public Health field in Brazil: Cadernos de Saude Publica (CSP) and Revista de
      Saude Publica (RSP). Twenty-four issues of each periodical were analyzed,
      published from 1996 to 2003, comprising a sample of 819 articles (496 from CSP
      and 323 from RSP). The following elements in the articles were identified and
      analyzed: thematic area of the article and citation pattern of publications
      (articles in periodicals, books and/or book chapters, theses/dissertations,
      Internet documents, "gray" literature, and other types of publications). The
      resulting data showed that the majority of the articles represent the sub-area of
      "epidemiology". The citation pattern in the journals showed articles in
      periodicals in first place, followed by citations of books and/or book chapters.
      Papers in the sub-area "social sciences in health" published in CSP are
      exceptions, since books and chapters are the most frequently cited. The authors
      discuss the implications of the findings for the characterization and evaluation
      of scientific output in Public Health in Brazil.

PMID- 18157346
TI  - [SciELO Public Health: the performance of Cadernos de Saude Publica and Revista
      de Saude Publica].
AB  - The aim of this paper was to analyze two Brazilian scientific journals included
      in the SciELO Library of Public Health, using a group of bibliometric indicators
      and scrutinizing the articles most viewed. Cadernos de Saude Publica was accessed
      3,743.59 times per month, with an average of 30.31 citations per article. The 50
      articles most viewed (6.72 to 524.5 views) were mostly published in Portuguese
      (92%). 42% were theoretical essays, 20% surveys, and 16% descriptive studies. 42%
      used argumentative techniques, 34% quantitative techniques, 18% qualitative
      techniques, and 6% mathematical modeling. The most common themes were: health and
      work (50%), epidemiology (22%), and environmental health (8%). Revista de Saude
      Publica was accessed 1,590.97 times per month, with an average of 26.27 citations
      per article. The 50 articles most viewed (7.33 and 56.50 views) were all
      published in Portuguese: 46% were surveys, 14% databases analysis, and 12%
      systematic reviews. Quantitative techniques were adopted in 66% of such articles,
      while mathematical modeling was the same as observed in Cadernos de Saude
      Publica, as were qualitative techniques. The most common themes were health
      services organization (22%), nutrition (22%), health and work (18%), epidemiology
      (12%), and environmental health (12%).

PMID- 18157347
TI  - [Between fetishism and survival: are scientific articles a form of academic
      merchandise?].
AB  - This article discusses the possible meanings of the intense prevailing concern in
      academic circles over the notion of research productivity, as reflected in an
      excess number of articles published in various scientific journals. The numerical
      accounting of articles published by researchers in scientific journals with
      renowned academic status serves to legitimize academics in their fields of work,
      in various ways. In this sense, we suggest that scientific articles take on
      aspects of merchandise-as-fetish, according to Marx's theory of use-value and
      exchange-value and Benjamin's exposure value. Meanwhile, the biological notions
      of selection and evolution are used as metaphorical elements in "bibliographic
      Darwinism". There are references as to the possibility many of the prevailing
      bibliometric concerns serve as instruments for econometric analysis, especially
      to orient and enhance cost-effectiveness analysis in research investments of
      various orders and types, from the point of view of their economic return.

PMID- 18157348
TI  - [Scientific articles and scientific production in Public Health: postscript].

PMID- 18157349
TI  - [Pediatric victims of traffic accidents admitted to a university hospital:
      epidemiological and clinical aspects].
AB  - This study analyzes epidemiological and clinic characteristics of victims of
      traffic accidents. Data were obtained from medical records of children under 15
      years of age (n = 1,123) admitted to a university hospital in Uberlandia, Minas
      Gerais State, Brazil, from 1999 to 2003. Mean age was eight years, 65.7% were
      boys, 76.6% were cyclists or pedestrians, 45.9% suffered head injuries, and 9%
      remained in hospital for more than two weeks. Fourteen (1.2%) died, 78.6% of
      these within 48 hours of hospitalization, and 85.7% with brain injuries. Among
      the passengers of motorcycles and larger vehicles, 58.8% were not using security
      devices properly at the time of the accident. Among the cyclists, 61% suffered
      isolated limb injuries. Meanwhile, pedestrians tended to suffer multiple lesions
      (57.5%) and be admitted to intensive care (7.1%), and represented 66.7% of the
      deaths. Epidemiological data on pediatric traffic victims can be useful for
      accident prevention programs.

PMID- 18157350
TI  - [Social representations of eating and nutrition by residents of homes for the
      elderly in Sao Paulo, Brazil].
AB  - This study analyzed social representations of institutional eating and
      nutritional patterns among residents of long-term homes for the elderly, in order
      to identify conditioning factors for eating behavior that may interfere in their
      nutritional status. A qualitative exploratory study was performed in five homes
      for the elderly in Sao Paulo, Brasil, including 40 elderly participants of both
      sexes, without cognitive disorders, residing in these institutions for at least
      six months. The study selected 20 subjects who were undernourished or at risk of
      malnutrition and 20 without risk of malnutrition. Semi-structured interviews were
      conducted, and the data were analyzed according to the collective subject
      discourse technique. As perceived by these elderly, the institutional eating
      routine, the routine menus, and insufficient supply of fruits and vegetables have
      a negative interference on their eating. They also recognize that balanced
      nutrition improves health and quality of life. They report that lack of appetite
      among some residents is related to unpleasing meals, health problems, and
      inadequate help during meals. This study identified psychological and social
      factors that may lead to malnutrition among the elderly in institutions.

PMID- 18157351
TI  - [ Scientific production, post-graduate education and Revista da Associacao Medica
      Brasileira].

PMID- 18157352
TI  - [Is there any benefit in the use of ranitidine in hospitalized patients, under a
      minor regimen of stress, in the prophylaxis of peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal
      bleeding?].

PMID- 18157353
TI  - [Which is the best palliative procedure for unresectable pancreatic cancer? ].

PMID- 18157354
TI  - [What are the clinical objectives that determine the effectiveness of treatments
      in oncology?].

PMID- 18157355
TI  - [Prenatal care - part II].

PMID- 18157357
TI  - [ Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in children:].

PMID- 18157356
TI  - [Traumatic events in alcoholics: the importance of research in primary care].

PMID- 18157359
TI  - [Giant hydrosyringomyelia in a patient with Chiari syndrome ].

PMID- 18157360
TI  - [Cost estimates of chronic hepatitis B virus for the Brazilian unified health
      system in 2005].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (CHBV) is a disease that places a large
      financial burden on healthcare systems and society. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this
      study was to estimate patient management patterns, and associated medical
      resource utilization and expenses, for each of the four stages of chronic HBV
      infection in the public unified healthcare system settings, in 2005. METHODS. An
      expert panel comprised of ten physicians, leading specialists in hepatology and
      infectious diseases, was convened to obtain information regarding management of
      CHBV patients in Brazil. Expense inputs were mainly obtained from government fee
      schedules and pharmaceutical price tables. Costs were estimated under the
      perspective of the public health system. Data were analyzed using Windows SPSS
      version 12.0. RESULTS: Estimated patient expenses were calculated for the four
      stages of CHBV infection. The estimated annual expenses per patient were: R$
      980.89 (US$ 392) for chronic hepatitis B with no cirrhosis and without antiviral
      therapy; R$ 1,243.17 (US$ 496) for compensated cirrhosis without antiviral
      therapy; R$ 22,022.61 (US$ 8809) for decompensated cirrhosis; R$ 4,764.95 (US$
      1,905) for hepatocellular carcinoma; and R$ 87,372.60 (US$ 34,948) for liver
      transplant. CONCLUSION: Estimated expenses associated with drugs and procedures
      represented the main components of the expenses of CHBV infection. In this model,
      expenses increase dramatically as the disease progresses to more advanced stages,
      suggesting that over the long term delaying progression may reduce costs.

PMID- 18157361
TI  - Sleep disturbances in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: role of dialysis
      shift.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Subjective sleep complaints have been reported in up to 80% of
      patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). In these patients, sleep
      disturbances manifesting as insomnia, sleep apnea syndrome, restless leg syndrome
      (RLS), periodic limb movement disorder and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS)
      have been frequently reported. Moreover, studies about the role of dialysis shift
      on sleep abnormalities, morbidity and mortality are still scarce. The aim of this
      study was to investigate the influence of dialysis shift on the quality of sleep
      and sleep abnormalities in patients with ESRD. METHODS: We studied one hundred
      consecutive patients from a dialysis center. Quality of sleep was assessed by the
      Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and subjective EDS by the Epworth Sleepiness
      Scale. Restless leg syndrome was diagnosed using the four minimum criteria
      defined by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Clinical and
      laboratory parameters were obtained by interview and chart review. Adequacy of
      dialysis was evaluated by the Kt/V index. RESULTS: Poor quality sleep (PSQI>6)
      was found in 75% of cases and was associated with RLS (p=0.004) and with snoring
      (p=0.016). EDS (ESS>10) was present in 28% of cases. Patients with EDS (1.33+/
      0.29) had lower values of the Kt/v index (P=0.01) than those without EDS (1.52+/
      0.32). RLS was present in 48% of cases. Irrespective of dialysis shift, poor
      quality sleep, EDS and RLS were not different among patients. CONCLUSION: Poor
      quality sleep, EDS and RLS were common and not related to dialysis shift.

PMID- 18157362
TI  - [Correlation between burden on caregiver and clinical characteristics of patients
      with dementia].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To verify the correlation between caregiver burden in dementia and
      characteristics of patients and caregivers. METHODS: Analysis of medical records.
      Patient data: socio-demographic characteristics, comorbidities, medications
      (previous and current), onset of diagnosis and symptoms, type of dementia and
      severity (cognitive impairment and functional abilities), behavioral disorders.
      Caregiver data: socio-demographic characteristics, kinship, duration of
      caregiving and co-residency with the patient. Caregiver burden assessed by the
      Zarit interview. RESULTS: Sixty seven patients (76.8 years (+/-6.2), 53.7% women)
      and 82% female caregivers were surveyed. Correlation between burden and behavior
      disorders (p<0.001), dependencies (p=0.003), onset of symptoms (p=0.016) and of
      caregiving (p<0.001), previous diagnosis (p=0.016) and co-residency (p=0.002) was
      studied. Cognitive test scores (Mini Mental and CAMCOG) were inversely
      proportional to distress (p=0.005 and p=0.023). Black caregivers demonstrated
      lower levels of stress (p=0.012). CONCLUSION: Burden was associated with
      behavioral disorders, dependencies, cognitive impairment, and onset of symptoms,
      caregiving and co-residency. Black caregivers demonstrated lower levels of
      stress.

PMID- 18157363
TI  - [Haemodynamic effects of intoxication with bupivacaine and enantiomeric excess
      mixture. Experimental study in swine].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Racemic bupivacaine has been the local anaesthetic of choice in
      regional blocks due to quality and duration of anesthesia. However its
      cardiovascular toxicity has been a source of concern and research has been made
      for lesser impact drugs. One choice is its levogyre isomer, levobupivacaine,
      apparently less cardiotoxic due a lower affinity to the heart sodium channels. In
      Brazil, a drug containing 75% of levogyre isomer and 25% of dextrogyre isomer,
      called enantiomeric excess mixture, is available. This study intends to evaluate
      haemodynamic effects of the intravascular injection of a toxic dose of both
      agents in swine. METHODS: Large White pigs were anaesthetized with thiopental,
      intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation. Haemodynamic monitoring was
      performed with an invasive blood pressure and Swan-Ganz catheter on a pulmonary
      artery. After a 30 minute rest period, animals were randomly divided in two
      groups and the intoxication was performed on a double-blind method with 4 mg.kg-1
      of one of the drugs. Haemodynamic parameters were then evaluated at 1, 5, 10, 15,
      20 and 30 minutes. RESULTS: The enantiomeric excess mixture caused greater
      haemodynamic effects than the racemic bupivacaine. These results diverge from
      those found in humans with levogyre isomer but are similar to recent results
      reported in animals. Care should be taken when extrapolating data obtained in
      swine to humans and further research is necessary. CONCLUSION: When high doses
      are injected in swine, the enantiomeric excess mixture was more toxic than the
      racemic bupivacaine.

PMID- 18157364
TI  - [Comparisons of quality of life measures between women and men on hemodialysis].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare men and women on chronic hemodialysis in relation to their
      scores in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and evaluate the potential
      influence of age and comorbidities on the comparison. METHODS: Cross-section of
      the baseline data of 254 women and 349 men, participants of the PROHEMO Study
      that has been developed in dialysis units of Salvador. By using the version of
      the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form KDQOL-SF, validated for the
      Brazilian population, the following scores were determined: physical component
      summary (PCS), mental component summary [MCS] and the scale for symptoms/problems
      related to renal disease. The PCS and MCS scores were derived from the eight
      generic KDQOL-SF scales. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate
      differences in the scores of men and women (DS), adjusted for age, years on
      hemodialysis, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vasculopathy,
      diabetes, serum hemoglobin and serum albumin. RESULTS: Mean ages were 48.1+/-14.1
      and 49.4+/-14.0 years for women and men, respectively. Women had lower scores for
      all generic HRQOL scales. They also had significantly (P<0.001) lower scores for
      PCS (DS=2.4 points), MCS (DS=3 points) and symptoms/problems (DS = 6.6 points).
      Differences were independent of comorbidties and greater in the group over 49
      years of age. CONCLUSION: Data indicate that for several scales of HRQOL, women
      treated chronically by hemodialysis had lower scores than men. Lower scores in
      women were observed for different age groups, independently of comorbidities.

PMID- 18157365
TI  - [Evaluation of oral condition of patients with chronic renal failure submitted to
      hemodialysis].
AB  - BACKGROUND: Evaluate the oral conditions of patients with chronic renal failure
      submitted to hemodialysis in the city of Sao Luis, by comparing three reference
      centers and the times of hemodialysis. METHODS: The sample consisted of 107
      patients, distributed among the centers. Plaque Index (IP) and Dental Caries
      Prevalence (DMF-T) were evaluated. Patients were subdivided into three groups
      according to time of hemodialysis (3 months to <1 year, 1 the 3 years and >3
      years). Data were analyzed using the ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test with a
      level of significance of 5%. RESULTS: Plaque index averages in the groups were
      respectively, 0.91+/-0.67; 1.04+/-0.60; 1.25+/-0.61. The averages of DMF-T in the
      respective groups were 13.63+/-8.91; 13.89+/-8.12; 16.79+/-7.31. There were no
      significant differences between the centers of reference and the times of
      hemodialysis. CONCLUSION: Time of treatment of the disease did not change or
      interfere on plaque accumulation and prevalence of the dental caries. There was
      uniformity in the patients' oral condition in the three reference centers under
      study.

PMID- 18157366
TI  - [Accuracy of different body mass index cutoffs to predict excessive body fat and
      abdominal obesity in adolescents].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze the agreement and accuracy of three body mass index cutoffs
      in the identification of excessive body fat and abdominal obesity in adolescents.
      METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis was carried out for which 807 adolescents of
      both sexes (11 to 17 years old) were recruited and their body mass, stature,
      waist circumference and body fat percentage measured. The ROC evaluated the
      accuracy of the body mass index cutoffs. RESULTS: The cutoffs analyzed showed a
      moderate level of agreement in the indication of abdominal obesity (0.54 to
      0.66), and high rates of sensitivity (77.4% to 92.8%) and specificity (75.6% to
      91.6%) for indication of the nutritional status. Cutoff of Brazilians was more
      sensitive in the indication of associated excessive body fat and abdominal
      obesity (97.8%). CONCLUSION: All cutoffs analyzed showed similar accuracy in the
      indication of nutritional status and abdominal obesity, however, the cutoff of
      Brazilians was more sensitive in the identification of obese individuals with
      high cardiovascular risk.

PMID- 18157367
TI  - [Prevalence of breastfeeding in Brazilian capital cities].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of breastfeeding and of exclusive
      breastfeeding in Brazilian capital cities, in the 5 major geographical areas of
      Brazil and in the whole country, at the ages of 30, 120 and 180 days, as agreed
      among specialists. METHODS: Restudy of data from the population inquiry about
      breastfeeding in 25 capital cities and in the Federal District during a mass
      immunization campaign, on October 16th, 1999, National Day of Vaccination,
      supervised by one of the authors. The random sample of this study refers to
      10,778 children, according to the ages mentioned above. The point and interval
      estimates (95% CI) were given for the capital cities and then extrapolated to the
      major geographical areas and to Brazil. The regression analysis was used on the
      SAS statistical program. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of breastfeeding in
      Brazil was 87.3% (CI 95%: 86.8-87.7) at the age of 30 days, 77.5% (77.1-78.0) at
      the age of 120 days and 68.6% (68.2-69.1) at the age of 180 days. The exclusive
      breastfeeding prevalence was 47.5% (46.4-48.5), 17.7% (17.2-18.3) and 7.7% (7.2
      8.2) at the ages mentioned. At the age of 30 days, variation of the frequency of
      exclusive breastfeeding was wide, from 73.4% (Fortaleza) to 25.2% (Cuiaba). At
      the age of 180 days, the prevalence ranged from 16.9% in Belem to 2.8% in Cuiaba.
      CONCLUSION: There was a moderate reduction of the prevalence of breastfeeding and
      a steep decline of the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding from birth to the
      age of 180 days. Important differences were noted in the frequency of exclusive
      breastfeeding among the capital cities surveyed.

PMID- 18157368
TI  - Current practice in the management of symptoms of endometriosis: a survey of
      Brazilian gynecologists.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The purpose is to assess current medical practice in the diagnosis of
      endometriosis by Brazilian gynecologists. METHODS: A Cross-sectional study using
      questionnaires was sent to all gynecologists of the Sao Paulo State Ob/Gyn
      Association. RESULTS: A total of 1,660 (31.8%) replies was received. Multiple
      logistic regression showed that physicians who stated that endometriosis can
      affect women of all ages was the variable significantly associated with suspicion
      of endometriosis. Diagnosis was delayed less than 12 months after the first
      consultation when patients complained of: infertility (OR=1.81, 95% CI 1.01
      3.22), dysmenorrhea (OR=2.16, 95% CI 1.18-3.93) or chronic pelvic pain (CPP)
      (OR=2.17, 95% CI 1.17-4.00). Time until diagnosis was shorter when the complaint
      was dysmenorrhea (OR=1.33, 95% CI 1.05-1.69) or CPP (OR=1.51, 95% CI 1.19-1.91)
      and when physicians had participated in congresses and lectures on gynecological
      endoscopy and endometriosis. CONCLUSION: Gynaecologists who are better informed
      suspect and diagnose endometriosis at an early stage.

PMID- 18157369
TI  - [Association between high risk HPV viral load, p16ink4a expression and intra
      epithelial cervical lesions].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the (HR-HPV) high risk HPV viral load in squamous intra
      epithelial lesions and association with p16INK4a expression. METHODS: A series of
      109 cervical biopsies were studied (57 normal tissue, 26 low grade squamous intra
      epithelial lesions [LSIL] and 26 high grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions
      [HSIL]). Detection of high risk HPV and viral load in cervical cells was made by
      molecular biology using hybrid capture 2nd generation collected before the
      biopsy. The p16INK4a was identified by immunohistochemistry using the p16INK4a
      kit (clone E6H4). RESULTS: High risk HPV was positive in 57.8% of all cases
      (29.8% in normal tissue, 80.8% in LSIL and 96.1% in HSIL). Protein p16INK4a was
      expressed in 23.8% of squamous intra-epithelial lesions (15.4% in LSIL and 84.6%
      in HSIL). In normal tissue all cases were negative to p16INK4a. The viral load
      was higher in p16 positive cases than in negative cases (positive p16INK4a mean
      of 669.9 RLU/PCB [9.47-2814.9] and negative p16INK4a mean of 253.94 RLU/PCB [1.07
      1882.21] (p<0.05). However when studying just the HSIL cases differences were not
      significant. CONCLUSION: In this study although the HR-HPV viral load had shown a
      significant difference between p16 positive and negative cases, in HSIL cases
      this finding was not confirmed. New studies with a larger number of cases are
      necessary for consistent conclusions.

PMID- 18157370
TI  - [Pneumothorax after acupuncture: clinical presentation and management].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Pneumothorax is a rare but dangerous complication of acupuncture.
      Because of its rarity, there are few reports in literature and, therefore little
      information regarding clinical and therapeutic aspects. This article aims to
      analyze the clinical presentation, management and follow-up of patients with
      pneumothorax after acupuncture. METHODS: Retrospective study of patients with
      post-acupuncture pneumothorax evaluated in a tertiary hospital during a five-year
      period (2001-2006). RESULTS: Five patients (3 male and 2 female), mean age 46
      years (30-73) were included. All patients but one (who had a bilateral
      pneumothorax) had left-sided pneumothorax . Chest pain, which was the initial
      symptom in all patients was severe in three cases and mild in two. Four patients
      underwent tube thoracostomy (pig-tail catheter), three of them immediately after
      admission and the other after a failed 12-hour conservative treatment period. One
      patient had a successful conservative management. All had an excellent outcome
      and were asymptomatic and exhibited a normal chest X-ray at 6-month follow-up
      CONCLUSION: In all patients, the initial symptom was chest pain, of varying
      intensity. Tube thoracostomy was the therapeutic modality most frequently
      employed. All patients had a successful outcome with no further complications.

PMID- 18157371
TI  - [Positive/total dissected lymph nodes ratio as a prognostic factor in colon
      cancer].
AB  - BACKGROUND: To evaluate the prognostic value of the ratio between positive and
      total dissected lymph nodes in patients with colon cancer who underwent primary
      tumor surgical resection. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of consecutive
      patients with colon cancer treated at hospitals affiliated to the ABC Foundation
      School of Medicine, Santo Andre. Demographic data were collected as well as
      information on colon cancer, treatment and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: One
      hundred and six patients were included. Mean age was 62.82+/-11.6 years and most
      were men (53.8%). Median number of lymph nodes dissected per patient was 11.5 (3
      45 lymph nodes) and 58.5% had more than 10 dissected lymph nodes. The median
      follow-up was 25.05+/-15.21 months (2-64 months). In univariate analysis for
      overall survival, lymph node ratio (p=0.044), tumor stage (p=0.001) and tumor
      recurrence (p=0.058) were considered significant. In multivariate analysis only
      tumor stage was significantly associated with overall survival (p=0.001).
      CONCLUSION: In this limited retrospective series, the ratio between positive and
      dissected lymph nodes was not independently associated with overall survival
      among patients with colon cancer, when considered together with the pathological
      stage. Larger and prospective studies are warranted to define the impact of such
      ratio on the overall survival of colon cancer patients.

PMID- 18157372
TI  - [Brazilian scientific production in the 40 psychiatric journals with high impact
      factor in 2006].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The Brazilian scientific production published in 2006 in the twenty
      psychiatric journals with high impact factor (IF) according to the Journal of
      Citation Report (JCR), 2006, was evaluated. METHODS: All articles from 94
      journals with an IF higher than the average (n=40) were selected. We assessed the
      articles that had at least one author affiliated to a Brazilian institution as
      well as those with only Brazilian authors or a first/senior author belonging to a
      Brazilian institution. Secondly, the distribution of the author(s) by state was
      determined. RESULTS: Among 7996 articles surveyed 96 (1.20%) had at least one
      author from a Brazilian institution and in eight, the first senior author
      belonged to a Brazilian institution, not including the 59 publications that were
      written only by Brazilian authors. The distribution by state showed Sao Paulo as
      ranking first with 46 articles (47.91%) and absolute predominance of the South
      Southeast region (98.95%). CONCLUSION: Although, Brazilian publications on
      psychiatry had demonstrated apparent quantitative and qualitative growth,
      scientific production on the subject remains highly concentrated in a few states.

PMID- 18157373
TI  - [Homeopathy: a humanistic approach to medical practice].
AB  - During the last decade, the traditional medical model has endeavoured to retrieve
      an improvement in the patient-physician relationship by means of propositions for
      humanization in the areas of education, medical care and policies. To enhance
      holistic characteristics of non-conventional practices in health, the
      incorporation of several aspects of humanities in understanding the process of
      the individual's illness, stressing that the physician's interest in aspects
      apparently not related to the impaired organ (history of the patients life,
      personality, interests, etc.) should be added to the technical and less humanized
      consultation. Since homeopathy embraces this wide semiological approach as
      inherent practice, using the totality of characteristic symptoms to evaluate
      organic unbalance and choose means of treatment, homeopathic clinical practice
      can significantly contribute to humanism in medicine.

PMID- 18157374
TI  - [Obesity and sleep respiratory disorder, an association of risk factors].

PMID- 18157375
TI  - [Therapy with 131I to hyperthyroidism Graves disease resolution: dose selection].

PMID- 18157376
TI  - [Interactions between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and insulin resistance].
AB  - Previous studies have shown Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) as a risk factor for
      development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. However, controversies
      remain as to whether these changes are consequences of the associated obesity or
      OSA itself results in endocrine and metabolic changes, including impairment of
      insulin sensitivity, growth hormone, secretion inflammatory cytokines
      alterations, activation of peripheral sympathetic activity, and hypothalamic
      pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, that may predispose to vascular disease.
      Furthermore many cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity,
      insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, are strongly associated with OSA. In this
      article, we will review the evidence and discuss possible mechanisms underlying
      these links and the pathophysiology of OSA morbidities.

PMID- 18157377
TI  - [Relation between sleep and obesity: a literature review].
AB  - Reduction in sleep time has become an endemic condition in modern society and
      current literature has found important epidemiological associations between
      damage in the habitual standard of sleep and obesity. On this basis, the present
      revision analyzed the role of sleep and its alteration in the promotion of
      obesity. Diverse studies indicate that subjects that sleep less have greater
      possibility of becoming obese, and the shortening of sleep increases the
      leptin/ghrelin reason, generating increase of the appetite and hunger. This can
      be associated to the biggest caloric intake and promotion of obesity. An adequate
      standard of sleep becomes basic for the regulation of body mass and must be
      stimulated by health professionals.

PMID- 18157378
TI  - [Pathogenic aspects of the periodontal disease associated to diabetes mellitus].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Systematic review of present knowledge about the association between
      diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal disease (PD) with emphasis on their
      physiopathogenesis. DATA SOURCES: Bibliographic search through MEDLINE and LILACS
      databases, in the last five years, using the following descriptors: "diabetes
      mellitus", "periodontal disease", and "periodontitis". SUMMARY OF DATA:
      Periodontal tissues are the oral structures most affected by DM. DM predisposes
      to the development of PD, which leads to loss of glycemic control, which
      emphasizes the importance of the two-way relationship between these two diseases.
      Several mechanisms are involved in the physiopathology of PD associated with DM:
      production of advanced glycosilation products, deficient immune response,
      inheritance of certain genetic polymorphisms, alterations in blood vessels,
      conjunctive tissue and salivary composition. In the initial phase, gingivitis and
      periodontitis predominate. If not detected early, these problems can develop into
      advanced periodontal disease. Puberty, with its hormonal alterations, longer
      duration of the disease, poor metabolic control and inadequate oral hygiene are
      factors that contribute to PD progression and aggressiveness. CONCLUSION: Better
      knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the physiopathogenesis of PD
      associated with DM would help to institute early preventive and therapeutic
      measures. It is important for doctors and dentists to instruct their patients
      with DM about the need for good glycemic control and adequate oral hygiene, to
      minimize the risks for the appearance of periodontal disease and consequent loss
      of glycemic control.

PMID- 18157379
TI  - [Hormone therapy in menopause: when not to use].
AB  - Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menses, as a result of the
      loss of ovarian follicular function or of surgical removal of ovaries. The mean
      age for occurrence of natural menopause is around 50 years. Estrogen deficiency
      has been associated with vasomotor symptoms, urogenital atrophy, and cognitive
      impairment, as well as increased risk of chronic degenerative diseases such as
      osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease. Estrogen therapy remains the most effective
      treatment for the management of vasomotor symptoms and urogenital atrophy.
      Progesterone or progestins should be added to estrogen treatment in women with
      uterus, in order to antagonize the estrogen-induced endometrial proliferation. In
      turn, in specific clinical conditions hormone therapy is not recommended. In the
      present article, the authors critically focus these clinical conditions in which
      hormone therapy should not be used.

PMID- 18157380
TI  - [Clinical presentation of obese patients with polysomnographic diagnosis of
      obstructive sleep apnea].
AB  - AIM: To evaluate the symptoms of obese patients with polysomnographic diagnosis
      of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS: All obese patients (BMI > or =30
      kg/m(2)) that accomplished overnight polysomnography in two sleep laboratories in
      the city of Salvador, BA, Brazil, in the period of July to December of 2004, and
      had an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) > or =5. The considered symptoms were excessive
      daytime sleepiness, awakenings during the night and nocturnal choking or gasping.
      RESULTS: 73 patients were included, being 57.5% male, with mean age and BMI of
      45.2 years old and 38.0 kg/m(2), respectively. The majority (49.3%) was
      classified as having severe OSA (AHI > or =30). Data revealed that 19.2% of the
      patients did not have any symptoms, while 28.8% had one symptom, 30.1% had two
      and 21.9% had three. There was no statistically significant difference in the
      severity of OSA between the subjects with and without symptoms. There was a
      higher prevalence of asymptomatic patients in the subgroup with severe obesity-
      BMI > or =35 kg/m(2) (30.8% vs. 5.9%; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The
      polysomnography seems to be a fundamental exam in the evaluation of obese
      patients due to the elevated prevalence of asymptomatic individuals with OSA in
      this group, especially the severely obese.

PMID- 18157381
TI  - [Evaluation of radioiodine therapy with fixed doses of 10 and 15 mCi in patients
      with Graves' disease].
AB  - The treatment options for the hyperthyroidism of Graves disease are antithyroid
      drugs, surgery and radioiodine, none of which is considered ideal, as they do not
      act directly on the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Radioiodine has been
      increasingly used as the treatment of choice because it is a safe and definitive
      therapy whose administration is very easy. Some authors prefer to administer
      higher doses in order to deliberately induce hypothyroidism, while others
      recommend lower doses that result in a lower incidence of hypothyroidism and a
      greater incidence of euthyroidism. There is no consensus for the optimal regimen
      of fixed doses to be used and this is the main focus of the present study, where
      doses of 10 and 15 mCi of (131)I were compared. Among the 164 patients analyzed,
      61 (37.2%) were submitted to 10 mCi and 103 (62.8%) to 15 mCi. In the
      longitudinal analysis it was observed that remission of the hyperthyroidism was
      statistically different in the sixth month (p < 0.001), being higher in the group
      that used the dose of 15 mCi, but similar in both groups at 12 and 24 months. It
      may be concluded that the administration of fixed doses of 10 and 15 mCi of
      (131)I brought about a similar remission of the hyperthyroidism after 12 months
      of treatment. Moreover, the remission rate of the hyperthyroidism had no
      association with age, sex or previous therapy with antithyroid drugs.

PMID- 18157382
TI  - [Assessment of association between autoimmune thyroid disease and chronic
      urticaria].
AB  - Several studies found a higher prevalence of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (ATD) in
      patients with Chronic Urticaria (CU). This relationship may be due to the
      possible autoimmune etiology in up to one third of the cases of Chronic
      Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU). However, the frequency of ATD ranged from 1.14% to
      28.6%. The study began by determining whether there is an association between ATD
      and CU, in a population seen at the same clinic. We compared the frequency of
      anti-thyroid antibodies and thyroid dysfunction in 49 patients with CIU (group 1)
      and 112 controls (group 2). In order to support the result found, we studied the
      prevalence of CIU in 60 patients with ATD (group 3) and compared with 29 patients
      who had non-immune thyroid disease (NITD) (group 4). We did not find a
      statistical difference for the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies or thyroid
      dysfunction between groups 1 and 2 (12.24% x 9.82% and 12.24% x 7.14%,
      respectively). The same occurred for the presence of CIU among groups 3 and 4
      (3.33% x 3.44%). In our study it was not possible to demonstrate a relationship
      between ATD and CIU, which means that different populations may present a higher
      or lower degree of association between these illnesses.

PMID- 18157383
TI  - [Bone mineral density of children and adolescents with congenital
      hypothyroidism].
AB  - A cross sectional study was made on 60 patients (9.9 +/- 1.8 yr-old) with
      congenital hypothyroidism (CH) (group A): 40 girls (23 prepubertal) and 20 boys
      (18 prepubertal). Control group (group B) was constituted of 28 healthy children
      (10.4 +/- 2.1 yr-old): 18 girls (8 prepubertal) and 10 boys (9 prepubertal).
      AIMS: To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) and to correlate
      them with chronological and bone age (BA), sex, sexual maturation, l-T4 dose,
      TSH, TT4, FT4, and CH etiology. BA, total body BMD, and BMC (DXA) were obtained
      of both groups. TSH, TT4, and FT4 were measured in patients only. BMD was lower
      in group A (0.795 +/- 0.075 g/cm(2) vs. 0.832 +/- 0.092; p = 0.04) and higher in
      pubertal than in prepubertal girls (p = 0.004). There was no significant
      difference between BMD and BMC related to sex and CH etiology. Our data
      demonstrated that BMD was significantly lower in children with CH, different from
      what has been published in the literature.

PMID- 18157384
TI  - [Growth hormone (GH) deficiency treatment in children: comparison between uses of
      pen versus bottles/syringes on GH administration].
AB  - The aim of this study was to compare two preparations of recombinant human GH
      (rGH) in the treatment of GH deficient patients. Ten prepubertal GH-deficient
      children were followed during 6 months. They received injections with syringe for
      3 months, followed by pen administration for the subsequent 3 months.
      Acceptability was evaluated through a questionnaire. Waste of medication was
      calculated by the difference between the number of used bottles or refills and
      the calculated amount for the period. Treatment response was evaluated by SDS
      gain of height measured each 3 months. After 6 months, 90% of patients/family
      members declared they preferred the pen regarding technical facility and local
      pain, and all patients considered the pen easier to transport and store. The
      waste of medication was lower with pen administration, as was the final cost. We
      concluded that pen-administered rGH treatment is more convenient, better accepted
      by the patients, and leads to less waste of medication when compared to the
      syringe administration.

PMID- 18157385
TI  - Molecular analysis of PROP1, PIT1, HESX1, LHX3, and LHX4 shows high frequency of
      PROP1 mutations in patients with familial forms of combined pituitary hormone
      deficiency.
AB  - Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (CPHD) is a prevalent disease in
      Neuroendocrinology services. The genetic form of CPHD may originate from
      mutations in pituitary transcription factor (PTF) genes and the pituitary image
      in these cases may give a clue of what PTF is most probably mutated: defects in
      LHX4 are usually associated with ectopic posterior pituitary (EPP); defects in
      LHX3, PIT1, and PROP1, with normally placed posterior pituitary (NPPP); HESX1
      mutations are associated with both. OBJECTIVE: To identify mutations in PTF genes
      in patients with idiopathic hypopituitarism followed in our service, based on the
      presence or absence of EPP on sellar MRI. METHODS: Forty patients with idiopathic
      hypopituitarism (36 families, 9 consanguineous), followed in the
      Neuroendocrinology Outpatient Clinic of UNIFESP, Brazil, were submitted to
      sequencing analyses of PTF genes as follows: LHX3, HESX1, PIT1, and PROP1 were
      sequenced in patients with NPPP (26/40) and HESX1 and LHX4 in patients with EPP
      (14/40). RESULTS: We identified only PROP1 mutations in 9 out of 26 patients with
      CPHD and NPPP (35%). Since eight of them came from 4 consanguineous families, the
      prevalence of PROP1 mutations was higher when only consanguineous families were
      considered (44%, 4/9). At the end of the study, we decided to sequence PROP1 in
      patients with EPP, just to confirm that they were not candidates for PROP1
      mutations. No patients with EPP had PROP1 or other PTF mutations. CONCLUSIONS:
      Patients with idiopathic CPHD and NPPP, born from consanguineous parents, are the
      strong candidates for PROP1 mutations. Other developmental gene(s) may be
      involved in the genesis of idiopathic hypopituitarism associated with EPP.

PMID- 18157386
TI  - Impact of body mass index on blood pressure levels in patients with polycystic
      ovary syndrome.
AB  - As there is controversy about the prevalence of hypertension in patients with
      polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and, up to the present moment, no studies have
      evaluated the impact of body mass index (BMI) on blood pressure levels (BP) in
      these patients, we studied retrospectively sixty-nine patients with PCOS, with
      BMI of 29.0 +/- 6.7 kg/m(2) and aged 25.6 +/-5.6 yr, subdivided into three groups
      according to BMI (normal, overweight and obese) and evaluated regarding BP
      (mercury sphygmomanometer), basal hormonal profile, fasting glucose, and insulin
      sensitivity (HOMA-IR). Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood
      pressure (DBP) were normal (118.1 +/- 17.0 and 74.7+/- 11.5 mmHg, respectively),
      with a hypertension prevalence of 20.3%. Of these patients, 78.6% were obese and
      21.4% were overweight. When the groups were compared according to BMI, a
      significant increase in SBP and DBP was observed (higher in overweight and obese
      patients for SBP and higher in obese for DBP), as well as a significant
      progressive increase in glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment, and a
      significant progressive decline in LH levels. When the patients were subdivided
      as normotensive or hypertensive, a significant difference was observed only for
      BMI (28.2 +/- 6.1 and 34.7 +/- 8.6 kg/m(2), respectively; p = 0.007). In
      conclusion, we observed a significant and progressive impact of BMI on blood
      pressure levels in our patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

PMID- 18157387
TI  - Effect of one month ketoconazole treatment on GH, cortisol and ACTH release after
      ghrelin, GHRP-6 and GHRH administration in patients with Cushing's disease.
AB  - GH responses to ghrelin, GHRP-6, and GHRH in Cushing's disease (CD) are markedly
      blunted. There is no data about the effect of reduction of cortisol levels with
      steroidogenesis inhibitors, like ketoconazole, on GH secretion in CD. ACTH levels
      during ketoconazole treatment are controversial. The aims of this study were to
      compare the GH response to ghrelin, GHRP-6, and GHRH, and the ACTH and cortisol
      responses to ghrelin and GHRP-6 before and after one month of ketoconazole
      treatment in 6 untreated patients with CD. Before treatment peak GH (microg/L;
      mean +/- SEM) after ghrelin, GHRP-6, and GHRH administration was 10.0 +/- 4.5;
      3.8 +/- 1.6, and 0.6 +/- 0.2, respectively. After one month of ketoconazole there
      was a significant decrease in urinary cortisol values (mean reduction: 75%), but
      GH responses did not change (7.0 +/- 2.0; 3.1 +/- 0.8; 0.9 +/- 0.2,
      respectively). After treatment, there was a significant reduction in cortisol
      (microg/dL) responses to ghrelin (before: 30.6 +/- 5.2; after: 24.2 +/- 5.1). No
      significant changes in ACTH (pg/mL) responses before (ghrelin: 210.9 +/- 69.9;
      GHRP-6: 199.8 +/- 88.8) and after treatment (ghrelin: 159.7 +/- 40.3; GHRP-6: 227
      +/- 127.2) were observed. In conclusion, after short-term ketoconazole treatment
      there are no changes in GH or ACTH responses, despite a major decrease of
      cortisol levels. A longer period of treatment might be necessary for the recovery
      of pituitary function.

PMID- 18157388
TI  - Increased diagnostic probability of subclinical Cushing's syndrome in a
      population sample of overweight adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome (CS) is unusual. Patients with subclinical CS (SCS)
      present altered cortisol dynamics without obvious manifestations. CS occurs in 2
      3% of obese poorly controlled diabetics. We studied 103 overweight adult
      outpatients with type 2 diabetes to examine for cortisol abnormalities and SCS.
      All collected salivary cortisol at 23:00 h and salivary and serum cortisol after
      a 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST). Patients whose results were in the
      upper quintile for each test (253 ng/dL, 47 ng/dL, and 1.8 microg/dL,
      respectively for the 23:00 h and post-DST saliva and serum cortisol) were re
      investigated. Average values from the upper quintile group were 2.5-fold higher
      than in the remaining patients. After a confirmatory 2 mg x 2 day DST the
      investigation for CS was ended for 61 patients with all normal tests and 33 with
      only one (false) positive test. All 8 patients who had two abnormal tests had
      subsequent normal 24h-urinary cortisol, and 3 of them were likely to have SCS
      (abnormal cortisol tests and positive imaging). However, a final diagnosis could
      not to be confirmed by surgery or pathology. Although not confirmatory, the
      results of this study suggest that the prevalence of SCS is considerably higher
      in populations at risk than in the general population.

PMID- 18157389
TI  - Association between proinsulin, insulin, proinsulin/insulin ratio, and insulin
      resistance status with the metabolic syndrome.
AB  - The Metabolic Syndrome (MS) constitutes an independent risk factor of
      cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that proinsulin blood levels and the
      proinsulin/insulin ratio are associated to the MS. The purpose of this study was
      to compare proinsulin and insulin, insulin resistance index, and the
      proinsulin/insulin ratio as predictors of MS. This is a cross-sectional study
      involving 440 men and 556 women with a mean age of 24 years. Diagnosis of MS was
      made according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment
      Panel III. Blood levels of insulin and proinsulin were measured, and the insulin
      resistance status was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR).
      The prevalence of MS was 10.1%. HOMA-IR was the best MS risk factor for both
      women and men (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.68-2.48 and 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.13,
      respectively). HOMA-IR presented the best positive predictive value for MS: 22%
      and 36% for men and women, respectively, and was the best MS indicator. The
      proinsulin/insulin ratio did not show significant association with MS. HOMA-IR,
      proinsulin, and insulin presented good negative predictive values for both
      genders that could be used to identify an at-risk population.

PMID- 18157390
TI  - [Analysis of factors associated with extremity ulceration in diabetic subjects
      with peripheral neuropathy].
AB  - Peripheral neuropathy is the main risk factor for foot ulceration in diabetic
      subjects. This study examined the association of peripheral arterial disease
      (PAD) with foot ulceration in a sample of diabetic subjects with peripheral
      neuropathy, and also if inflammatory markers would be associated with this event.
      We evaluated 32 type 2 diabetic individuals with abnormal 10-g monofilament exam,
      who were stratified in 2 groups according to history or presence of lower
      extremities ulcer. The group "with ulcer" (n = 18) included the ones that had
      active or cicatrized ulcer, or some lower-extremity amputation due to ulcer
      complications. In addition to the neurological examination and monofilament test,
      they were submitted to biothesiometry, lower extremity vascular assessment with
      Doppler, and laboratory determinations. No difference between the groups was
      found concerning sex distribution, mean age, and duration of diabetes diagnosis.
      The group with ulcer showed higher mean values of height (1.70 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.63
      +/- 0.11 m, p = 0.044), vibration perception threshold measured in medial
      malleolli (40.9 +/- 13.0 vs. 30.6 +/-12.3 V, p = 0.040) than the group without
      ulcer. The groups did not differ regarding the mean values of the inflammatory
      markers. Response to patellae reflex was worse in the group with ulcer (p =
      0.047), in which a higher proportion of individuals with abnormal toe-brachial
      index (p = 0.030) was observed as compared to those without ulcer. We concluded
      that PAD is associated with the presence of ulcer in neuropathic subjects. The
      assessment of digital arteries flow in lower limbs (in great toe) contributed to
      detect such association. Association of diabetic foot ulcers and inflammatory
      markers was not observed, but cannot be excluded due to limitations of sample
      size. Prospective studies should examine the sensitivity of the toe-brachial
      index to identify PAD in diabetic individual at risk of ulceration.

PMID- 18157391
TI  - [Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in population-based study, Vitoria, ES-Brazil].
AB  - Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a complex disorder including several factors
      predisposing to development of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Despite the
      importance of MS for the health system, the epidemiological characteristics of
      this condition in the Brazilian population are still scarce. The prevalence of MS
      as a function of gender, age and socioeconomic level was determined in a
      population-based study in Vitoria, ES, Brazil, by using the NCEP-ATPIII diagnosis
      criteria. Socioeconomic, biochemical, anthropometric, and hemodynamic data were
      obtained in 1,663 individuals from a random sample of Vitoria population (25-64
      y). The estimated prevalence of MS was 29,8% (CI95 = 28-32%). No significant sex
      related differences were observed. Prevalence increased from the youngest (26-34
      y) to the oldest (55-64 y) group (15.8% and 48.3%, respectively). A progressive
      increase of MS frequency was observed in women from the higher to the lowest
      socioeconomic level. The most frequent trait of MS in males was high blood
      pressure, followed by hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-c levels, hyperglycemia, and
      central obesity. In females, hypertension was also the most frequent factor,
      followed by low HDL-c levels, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and
      hyperglycemia. Our data show that prevalence of MS is high in the studied
      population, even in the youngest group. Moreover, high blood pressure gives a
      significant contribution to the diagnosis of this syndrome in both sexes. The
      precocious control of risk factors is necessary to reduce the impact of
      cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 18157392
TI  - [QTc interval and traditional risk factors to atherosclerotic disease in patients
      with type 1 diabetes].
AB  - To evaluate the QTc interval and its relation with clinical, laboratorial
      variables and LDL susceptibility to in vitro oxidation in patients with type 1
      DM, we studied 40 diabetics and 33 non diabetics with 24.83 +/- 10.21 and 23.51
      +/- 7.28 years old, respectively matched by sex, age and body mass index (BMI).
      We evaluated metabolic control, A and B apolipoproteins, LDL oxidation
      coefficient for spectrophotometry and electrocardiogram (ECG). Interval QTc was
      calculated by the Bazetts formula. There was no difference in QTc between
      diabetic and non diabetic groups (394.43 +/- 19.98 ms versus 401.31 +/- 17.83 ms;
      p = 0.2065). Five diabetics showed increased QTc (396.76 +/- 14.63 ms versus
      429.75 +/- 1.89 ms; p < 0.001) and lesser A apolipoprotein levels than rest of
      diabetic group (74.60 +/- 25.42 mg/dL versus 113.64 +/- 29.79 mg/dL; p = 0,011).
      In pooled sample, there was correlation between QTc and BMI (rho = -0.288; p =
      0.045), pot-prandial glycemia (rho = 0.357; p = 0.016) and 3 h oxidation
      coefficient (OxC3h) (r = -0.293; p = 0.039). In diabetics, there was correlation
      between QTc and triglycerides (rho = -0.420; p = 0.023) and OxC3h (r = -0.427; p
      = 0.021). Although there was no difference between QTc of diabetics and the non
      diabetics subjects studied, there was correlation with risk factors for the
      atherosclerotic disease. Further studies are necessary to establish the real
      predictive value of QTc for this type of disease in the patients with type 1 DM.

PMID- 18157393
TI  - Apo B/Apo A-I ratio in central and peripheral arterial diseases.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The apo B/apo A-I ratio represents the balance between atherogenic
      particles, rich in apo B, and the antiatherogenic ones, apo A-I rich. This study
      investigated the association between atherosclerotic diseases in different
      anatomical sites and apo B/apo A-I ratio. METHODS: Lipids, lipoproteins, and
      apolipoproteins A-I and B were assessed in 30 subjects with coronary artery
      disease (CAD), 26 with ischemic stroke (IS), 30 with peripheral arterial
      obstructive disease (PAOD), and 38 healthy subjects (controls). RESULTS: HDLc and
      Apo A-I were significantly lower in PAOD and CAD groups, respectively, than in
      other groups. Significantly higher levels of triglycerides were observed for CAD
      and PAOD groups than for controls. Apo B was significantly higher in IS group
      than in control and PAOD groups. The apo B/apo A-I ratio showed significantly
      higher in CAD and IS groups when compared to control and PAOD groups (p < 0.001).
      CONCLUSION: The apo B/apo A-I ratio was important for identifying an increased
      trend for coronary and cerebral atherosclerosis. In spite of the increased trend
      for apo B/apo A-I ratio in IS and CAD groups, the studied variables cannot be
      considered in an isolated way, given as those parameters were analyzed together
      by a binary logistic regression, no association has been demonstrated.

PMID- 18157394
TI  - Discordant results in Tc-99m tetrofosmin and Tc-99m sestamibi parathyroid
      scintigraphies.
AB  - Parathyroid scintigraphies have been used to detect pathological parathyroid
      glands either before as well as after the parathyroid resection surgery in
      patients with hyperparathyroidism. One of the most utilized techniques to perform
      the studies is the double-phase images with Tc-99m sestamibi, which has been
      shown to be very accurate in the localization of enlarged parathyroid glands.
      Similar to Tc-99m sestamibi, Tc-99m tetrofosmin is a radiopharmaceutical
      initially developed to perform myocardial perfusion study that has been used to
      perform parathyroid scintigraphies. Although most of the papers suggest that the
      overall sensitivities of both radiopharmaceuticals are similar, there are some
      papers questioning the accuracy of Tc-99m tetrofosmin to detect abnormal
      parathyroid glands. In the present article, we report a case with discordant
      results by both methods.

PMID- 18157395
TI  - [Comparison between continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and multiple daily
      injection regimens in adolescent with type 1 diabetes from a public health care
      system approach to severe hypoglycemia].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: We compared the incidence of severe hypoglycemia episodes with therapy
      with multiple doses of insulin (MDI) and after changing to pump (CSII). PATIENTS
      AND METHODS: 7 T1DM patients with 14 years median and median duration of diabetes
      of 8 years. We analyzed insulin requirement (U/kg/day), BMI (Kg/m(2)), HbA1c
      (normal range: 3.5-6.7%) one year before and one year after changing therapy. The
      severe hypoglycemia episodes decreased from 1.3 to 0 episodes/patient/year; p =
      0.00). The insulin requirement decreased from 1.33 +/- 0.26 U/Kg/day to 0.87 +/-
      0.17 U/kg/day; p = 0.04 and HbA1c decreased from 8.7 +/- 0.7% to 7.8 +/- 0.9%; p
      = 0.05. CONCLUSION: CSII is efficient in decreasing severe hypoglycemia in a
      subgroup of T1DM using MDI also in Public Health Care System (PHCS) conditions.
      However, these finding should be reproduced by other Diabetes Care centers and
      cost studies are necessary to confirm the viability and possibility of this
      therapy, when necessary, to T1DM patients, which correspond to the majority of
      these individuals in our country, seeing in the PHCS.

PMID- 18157396
TI  - Severe rhabdomyolysis due to adipsic hypernatremia after craniopharyngioma
      surgery.
AB  - The association of diabetes insipidus and adipsia after craniopharyngioma surgery
      has high morbidity. Hypernatremia can be caused by adipsia and be aggravated by
      diabetes insipidus. Rhabdomyolysis rarely occurs. CASE REPORT: This is the first
      report of a diabetic patient with craniopharyngioma who developed diabetes
      insipidus and adipsia after surgery, evolving with severe hypernatremia that
      caused considerable rhabdomyolysis. CONCLUSION: The importance of the evaluation
      of muscle integrity when under hypernatremic states is pointed out. Although
      adipsia may have a simple solution through volunteer water ingestion, serious
      consequences such as repeated severe hypernatremia episodes and intense
      rhabdomyolysis with high morbidity could occur, if adipsia is not diagnosed.

PMID- 18157397
TI  - Prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis in human immunodeficiency virus
      infected patients with diarrhea in major United States cities.
AB  - To determine the prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-infected
      patients, we performed a prospective study of HIV-infected patients with
      diarrheal illnesses in three US hospitals and examined an observational database
      of HIV-infected patients in 10 US cities. Among 737 specimens from the three
      hospitals, results were positive for 11 (prevalence 1.5%); seven (64%) acquired
      HIV through male-to-male sexual contact, two (18%) through male-to-male sexual
      contact and injection drug use, and one (9%) through heterosexual contact; one
      (9%) had an undetermined mode of transmission. Median CD4 count within six months
      of diagnosis of microsporidiosis was 33 cells/microL (range 3 to 319
      cells/microL). For the national observational database (n = 24,098), the overall
      prevalence of microsporidiosis was 0.16%. Prevalence of microsporidiosis among
      HIV-infected patients with diarrheal disease is low, and microsporidiosis is most
      often diagnosed in patients with very low CD4+ cell counts. Testing for
      microsporidia appears to be indicated, especially for patients with very low CD4+
      cell counts.

PMID- 18157398
TI  - Frequency of Toxocara infection in children attended by the health public service
      of Maringa, south Brazil.
AB  - The lack of specific laboratorial diagnosis methods and precise symptoms makes
      the toxocariasis a neglected disease in Public Health Services. This study aims
      to determine the frequency of Toxocara spp. infection in children attended by the
      Health Public Service of Hospital Municipal de Maringa, South Brazil. To evaluate
      the association of epidemiological and clinical data, an observational and cross
      section study was carried out. From 14,690 attended children/year aged from seven
      month to 12 years old, 450 serum samples were randomly collected from
      September/2004 to September/2005. A questionnaire was used to evaluate
      epidemiological, clinical and hematological data. An ELISA using Toxocara canis
      larval excretory-secretory products as antigen detected 130 (28.8%) positive
      sera, mainly between children from seven month to five years old (p = 0.0016).
      Significant correlation was observed between positive serology for Toxocara, and
      frequent playing in sandbox at school or daycare center (p = 0.011) and the
      presence of a cat at home (p = 0.056). From the families, 50% were dog owners
      which exposed soil backyards. Eosinophilia (p = 0.776), and signs and symptoms
      analyzed (fever p = 0.992, pneumonia p = 0.289, cold-like symptoms p = 0.277,
      cough p = 0.783, gastrointestinal problems p = 0.877, migraine p = 0.979,
      abdominal pain p = 0.965, joint pain p = 0.686 and skin rash p = 0.105) could not
      be related to the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies. Therefore, two asthmatics
      children showed titles of 1:10,240 and accentuated eosinophilia (p = 0.0001). The
      authors emphasize the needs of prevention activities.

PMID- 18157399
TI  - Candiduria in a public hospital of Sao Paulo (1999-2004): characteristics of the
      yeast isolates.
AB  - The study involved 100 yeast isolates, obtained from urine samples provided by a
      Public Pediatric Hospital of Sao Paulo, Brazil, from 1999 to 2004. The most
      frequent species was Candida albicans, followed by C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and
      C. parapsilosis. In regard to virulence, 97% of the isolates showed index 3 for
      proteinase and 63% index 2 for phospholipase. The most frequent killer biotypes
      were 511 and 888.

PMID- 18157401
TI  - Occurrence of Proteus mirabilis associated with two species of venezuelan
      oysters.
AB  - The fecal contamination of raw seafood by indicators and opportunistic pathogenic
      microorganisms represents a public health concern. The objective of this study
      was to investigate the presence of enteric bacteria colonizing oysters collected
      from a Venezuelan touristic area. Oyster samples were collected at the
      northwestern coast of Venezuela and local salinity, pH, temperature, and
      dissolved oxygen of seawater were recorded. Total and fecal coliforms were
      measured for the assessment of the microbiological quality of water and oysters,
      using the Multiple Tube Fermentation technique. Analyses were made using cultures
      and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Diverse enrichment and selective culture methods
      were used to isolate enteric bacteria. We obtained pure cultures of Gram-negative
      straight rods with fimbriae from Isognomon alatus and Crassostrea rhizophorae.
      Our results show that P. mirabilis was predominant under our culture conditions.
      We confirmed the identity of the cultures by biochemical tests, 16S rRNA gene
      sequencing, and data analysis. Other enterobacteria such as Escherichia coli,
      Morganella morganii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were also isolated from seawater
      and oysters. The presence of pathogenic bacteria in oysters could have serious
      epidemiological implications and a potential human health risk associated with
      consumption of raw seafood.

PMID- 18157402
TI  - Performances of HTLV serological tests in diagnosing HTLV infection in high-risk
      population of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
AB  - Testing problems in diagnosing human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection,
      mostly HTLV-II, have been documented in HIV/AIDS patients. Since December 1998,
      the Immunology Department of Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) offers HTLV-I/II
      serology to Public Health Units that attend HTLV high-risk individuals. Two
      thousand, three hundred and twelve serum samples: 1,393 from AIDS Reference
      Centers (Group I), and 919 from HTLV out-patient clinics (Group II) were sent to
      IAL for HTLV-I/II antibodies detection. The majority of them were screened by two
      enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), and confirmed by Western Blot (WB 2.4, Genelabs).
      Seven different EIA kits were employed during the period, and according to WB
      results, the best performance was obtained by EIAs that contain HTLV-I and HTLV
      II viral lysates and rgp21 as antigens. Neither 1st and 2nd, nor 3rd generation
      EIA kits were 100% sensitive in detecting truly HTLV-I/II reactive samples. HTLV
      I and HTLV-II prevalence rates of 3.3% and 2.5% were detected in Group I, and of
      9.6% and 3.6% in Group II, respectively. High percentages of HTLV
      seroindeterminate WB sera were detected in both Groups. The algorithm testing to
      be employed in HTLV high-risk population from Sao Paulo, Brazil, needs the use of
      two EIA kits of different formats and compounds as screening, and because of high
      seroindeterminate WB, may be another confirmatory assay.

PMID- 18157403
TI  - Predictive factors of mortality in burn patients.
AB  - Burn mortality statistics may be misleading unless they account properly for the
      many factors that can influence outcome. Such estimates are useful for patients
      and others making medical and financial decisions concerning their care. This
      study aimed to define the clinical, microbiological and laboratorial predictors
      of mortality with a view to focus on better burn care. Data were collected using
      independent variables, which were analyzed sequentially and cumulatively,
      employing univariate statistics and a pooled, cross-sectional, multivariate
      logistic regression to establish which variables better predict the probability
      of mortality. Survivors and non-survivors among burn patients were compared to
      define the predictive factors of mortality. Mortality rate was 5.0%. Higher age,
      larger burn area, presence of fungi in the wound, shorter length of stay and the
      presence of multi-resistant bacteria in the wound significantly predicted
      increased mortality. The authors conclude that those patients who are most apt to
      die are those with age > 50 years, with limited skin donor sites and those with
      multi-resistant bacteria and fungi in the wound.

PMID- 18157404
TI  - Portal CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte correlate to intensity of interface hepatitis
      in chronic hepatitis C.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C is still a matter of debate.
      CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes (TL) are typically observed within the portal and
      periportal spaces of affected livers, but their functional role in hepatitis C
      progression has not been fully elucidated. METHODS: CD4+ and CD8+ TL were
      quantified by immunohistochemistry in portal and periportal spaces of 39 liver
      biopsies from patients with chronic hepatitis C. They were associated to
      demographic data, histological parameters, laboratory findings of patients and
      hepatitis C genotypes. RESULTS: There was high numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ TL from
      which the density of CD4+ T was higher than CD8+ TL in portal and periportal
      spaces. CD4+ and CD8+ TL were directly correlated to intensity of interface
      hepatitis. CD8+ TL correlated to serum enzyme levels. CONCLUSION: The high
      numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ TL in portal and periportal spaces and their correlation
      to interface hepatitis suggest that hepatitis C evolution depends on the action
      of intrahepatic T lymphocytes, lending support to the notion of an immune
      mediated mechanism in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C.

PMID- 18157405
TI  - A comparison of the immune parameters of dogs infected with visceral
      leishmaniasis using Western blot and neutralization techniques.
AB  - The Western blot technique was used to demonstrate the presence of antibodies in
      the blood of dogs that presented canine visceral leishmaniasis. This technique
      was used against some specific molecules present in the lysate of the
      promastigote form of Leshmania chagasi. Through the association of the results of
      the Western blot technique with the morphological alterations seen as a result of
      the serum neutralization technique performed in McCoy cells (which mimetizes the
      macrophage) it was possible to observe the role of some molecules of great
      relevance in determining the disease in symptomatic dogs as well as that of some
      other molecules associated with asymptomatic infected dogs that may become
      transmitters as well as differentiating them as asymptomatic resistant dogs. In
      the sera analyses carried out during the immunobloting a variation of 9 to 27
      immunoreacting bands was observed, which were then compared using Dice's
      similarity coefficient. In the dendrogram constructed on the basis of the
      coefficient, 50% similarity was observed among the total number of reagent bands
      with the promastigote lysate, thus creating five groups. The main difference
      observed related to the clinical condition of the dogs: symptomatic and
      asymptomatic dogs were found in separate groups. The asymptomatic group of dogs
      was distributed in two different places in the dendrogram because they presented
      two different behavior patterns regarding the cellular morphology in the serum
      neutralization reaction: the presence or absence of cellular lysis. According to
      this analysis it is possible to evaluate the immune status and associate it with
      specific markers observed in the reaction found in the Western blot strips.

PMID- 18157406
TI  - Partial characterization of proteolytic activity in Giardia duodenalis purified
      proteins.
AB  - This report describes a preliminary characterization of proteolytic activity of
      proteins isolated from lysate of Giardia trophozoites of an axenic Brazilian
      strain. Fractions obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) were
      tested in SDS-polyacrylamide gel for the protein profiles, and the proteases
      activity was analyzed using gelatin impregnated SDS-PAGE. The proteases
      characterization was based on inhibition assays employing synthetic inhibitors
      for cysteine (E-64, IAA), serine (PMSF, TPCK, TLCK, and elastatinal), metalo
      (EDTA) and aspartic (pepstatin) proteases. Among thirty eluted fractions,
      polypeptide bands were observed in eight of them, however, proteolytic activity
      was detected in four ones (F23, F24, F25 and F26). Protein profiles of these
      fractions showed a banding pattern composed by few bands distributed in the
      migration region of 45 to < 18 kDa. The zymograms revealed proteolytic activity
      in all the four fractions assayed, mainly distributed in the migration region of
      62 to 35 kDa. Among the profiles, the main pronounced zones of proteolysis were
      distinguished at 62, 55, 53, 50, 46 and 40 kDa. In inhibition assays, the
      protease activities were significantly inhibited by cysteine (E-64) and serine
      proteases (TPCK, TLCK and elastatinal) inhibitors. Gels incubated with other
      cysteine and serine protease inhibitors, IAA and PMSF, respectively, showed a
      decrease in the intensity of hydrolysis zones. Indeed, in the assays with the
      inhibitors EDTA for metalloproteases and pepstatin for aspartic proteases, none
      inhibition was detected against the substrate. These observations are relevants,
      especially if we consider that to define the real role of the proteases in host
      parasite interaction, the purification of these enzymes for detailed studies may
      be warranted.

PMID- 18157407
TI  - First report of rabies in vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) in an urban area,
      Ubatuba, Sao Paulo state, Brazil.
AB  - The purpose of this report is to record the first case of a hematophagous bat
      (Desmodus rotundus) infected with rabies virus in an urban area in Brazil. To the
      authors' knowledge, this is the first such case in Latin America. After
      discovering a bat in his garden at 10 o'clock in the morning, a resident of
      Ubatuba municipality asked the Zoonosis Control Center team to visit his home.
      The animal was caught alive on the same day and sent to the Pasteur Institute
      laboratory, where it was identified as a Desmodus rotundus specimen. Standard
      tests for rabies diagnosis were carried out (direct immunofluorescence and viral
      isolation), and the results were positive. The presence of different species of
      (primarily insectivorous) bats in urban areas represents a serious public health
      problem. This case, however, is indicative of a much greater risk because the
      species in question has hematophagous habits, what means this animals has a low
      energy reserves and, therefore, its need to feed daily.

PMID- 18157409
TI  - Ekbom syndrome (delusory parasitosis): ponderations on two cases.

PMID- 18157408
TI  - Fatal septicemia caused by Chromobacterium violaceum in a child from Colombia.
AB  - A 4-year old child living in Colombia presented with a history of fever and
      severe abdominal pain for four days. The patient developed pneumonia, septic
      shock, multiple organ failure and died on the fifth day of hospitalization.
      Chromobacterium violaceum was isolated from admission blood cultures and was
      resistant to ampicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems and aminoglycosides.

PMID- 18157412
TI  - Clinical and hemodynamic outcome following coronary artery bypass surgery in
      diabetic patients using glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution: a randomized
      clinical trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine whether GIK infusion improves
      hemodynamic performance by reducing the use of inotropic agents, as well as the
      morbidity of diabetic patients submitted to CABG. METHODS: Patients with type 2
      DM referred for CABG were randomized to receive GIK or subcutaneous insulin from
      anesthetic induction up to 12 hours postoperatively. The primary clinical outcome
      was the cardiac index (CI) and the secondary clinical outcomes were the remaining
      hemodynamic parameters; the use of inotropics and vasodilators, the glycemic
      control (maintenance of plasma glucose levels), and the postoperative morbidity.
      Hemodynamic and laboratory measurements were performed in the first 24 hours
      postoperatively, and the patients were followed up for 30 days to detect any
      surgery-related complications. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients were randomly
      included in the study. IC did not show significant difference (mean cardiac index
      at 24 hours in both GIK group 3.49+/-0.94 and Control group 3.38+/-0.75; p=0.74).
      The GIK group revealed lower blood glucose levels in the infusion period (glucose
      at 12 hours GIK group 195.6+/-68.25 versus Control group 269.6+/-78.48; p=0.02),
      with a lower incidence of hyperglycemia in the GIK group, two (16%) against eight
      (64%) in the control group (RR 0.25; 95% CI 0.07-0.94; p=0.03). Postoperative
      infectious complications were less frequent in the GIK group than in Control
      group, three (25%) against 10 (80%), respectively (RR 0.30; 95% CI 0.11-0.83;
      p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Studies have proven that GIK improves hemodynamic
      performance of both patients with or without DM submitted to CABG, what was not
      confirmed in this study. The use of GIK neither improved the CI improvement nor
      reduced the use of inotropic drugs, but it provided better glucose control.
      Secondary clinical outcome, including postoperative infections, was more frequent
      in the control group.

PMID- 18157413
TI  - Minimally invasive thoracotomy (muscle-sparing thoracotomy) for occlusion of
      ligamentum arteriosum (ductus arteriosus) in preterm infants.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To analyze the feasibility, the safety, and the primary outcomes of a
      minimally invasive thoracotomy for the occlusion of ligamentum arteriosum (ductus
      arteriosus) in preterm infants. METHODS: Between October 1991 and June 2003, 273
      preterm infants and very low birth weight preterm infants were submitted to a
      surgical occlusion of the ligamentum arteriosum (ductus arteriosus) through
      muscle-sparing thoracotomy under general anesthesia in the neonatal ICU. Pre
      operative demographic data, mortality outcomes, and adverse events were
      retrospectively analyzed through medical records consultation. RESULTS: There
      were no deaths related to surgery, and 234 (86%) patients were discharged from
      hospital. Thirty-nine deaths have occurred between the 1st and the 51st days. The
      cause of death was sepsis (14 patients); intracranial bleeding (11 patients); and
      necrotizing enterocolitis (9 patients). All causes were related to prematurity.
      In five patients the cause of death was not established or could not be found in
      the medical records. The most frequent adverse events related to the surgery
      were: pneumothorax: 3.3% (9 patients), bleeding: 1.4% (4 patients). CONCLUSIONS:
      The minimally invasive thoracotomy technique for the occlusion of the ligamentum
      arteriosum (ductus arteriosus) when performed in preterm infants and very low
      birth weight infants is feasible, safe, efficient, related to low morbidity, and
      not dependent of hospital resources.

PMID- 18157414
TI  - Coronary artery bypass grafting using both internal mammary arteries in patients
      with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe the use of both internal mammary arteries (IMA)
      in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) submitted to coronary artery bypass
      grafting (CABG). METHOD: Between January of 1995 to August of 2005, 4.569
      patients received isolated CABG in our institution, of these, 1.298 had DM. Mean
      sample age was 62 years, and total mortality was 2.18% (100 patients). We have
      used both IMA's in 700 patients, that here are split in two groups, with DM
      (group I, 148 patients), and without DM (group II, 552 patients). Patient
      selection for double IMA grafting was based on coronary artery anatomy and
      sternal bone quality, the later was evaluated during sternal transsection. When
      these two factors were considered favorable, we harvested both IMA's, not
      mattering if the patient had or had not DM. During IMA's harvest, care was taken
      not to open the pleural spaces. RESULTS: There was small difference between the
      two groups in terms of morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that
      patients with DM can benefit of double IMA's grafting, with little increase in
      risk for complications if its application is carefully indicated.

PMID- 18157415
TI  - Influence of the practice physical activity in the coronary artery bypass graft
      surgery results.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency changes of physical activity practice in pre
      and postoperative of the patients submitted to coronary artery bypass graft
      surgery (CABG) and the frequency influence on the physical activity practice in
      the patients' preoperative prognosis. METHODS: Cases studies of 55 patients
      submitted to CABG divided into active and sedentary regarding physical activity
      practices. RESULTS: After CAGB, 14 (47%) patients classified as sedentary before
      surgery were practicing exercises (p = 0.03). Seventeen (59%) sedentary patients
      in the preoperative period presented complications after the surgery compared to
      8 (31%) active patients (p = 0.04). The hospital length of stay among sedentary
      patients versus active patients before surgery was 15 (SD=8) and 12 (SD=5) days;
      p=0.03, respectively. CONCLUSION: The present study showed the importance of
      physical activity practice in the preoperative stage on the outcomes of coronary
      artery bypass surgery. The patients physically active had a shorter hospital
      length of stay and a lower number of both trans- and postoperative complications
      within 1 year. The cardiac surgery promoted the patients' change of habits,
      increasing the number of physically active patients during the 1-year follow-up.

PMID- 18157416
TI  - L-glutamic acid in the prevention of the calcification of bovine pericardial
      fixed in glutaraldehyde: study in rats.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of L-glutamic acid to prevent calcification
      of glutaraldehyde bovine pericardium implanted in rats' subcutaneous tissues.
      METHODS: Fifty four Wistar rats were divided in six groups according to the type
      of the bovine pericardium implanted. At first, all pericardia were initially
      cross-linked with 0.5% glutaraldehyd (GDA) fixative for 72 h. In Group I, after
      the initial fixation, the pericardia were preserved in 0.2% GDA fixative until
      the implantation, whereas in Group II they were stocked in Paraben solution. In
      Groups III and IV, after the initial fixation in 0.5% GDA fixative, the
      pericardia were treated with 8% L-glutamic acid at pH 7.4 and 3.5, respectively,
      being subsequently stocked in Paraben solution. Groups V and VI were similar to
      III and IV, except for the concentration of L-Glutamic acid which was 0.8%.
      Explantation was done at 15, 30, and 60 days, and the specimens submitted to
      histological analysis with Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Von Kossa stains,
      besides calcium quantification with atomic spectrofotometry. RESULTS: Microscopic
      analysis demonstrated severe and progressive calcification in groups I, II, and
      III, whereas in groups IV, V, and VI calcification, when present, was mild and
      focal. Spectrofotomety confirmed these findings, revealing calcium contents of
      1.93 microg/mg of tissue at 60 days in the control group. Groups IV and VI showed
      the least calcium contents (0.063 e 0.066, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The use of
      L-glutamic acid in segments of bovine pericardium with glutaraldehyde fixative
      was effective in preventing the calcification when implanted in rats'
      subcutaneous up to 60 days.

PMID- 18157417
TI  - Analysis of the immediate outcomes of a comparative randomized study between
      aorto-saphenous mechanical anastomosis versus conventional anastomosis.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immediate results of mechanical aorto-saphenous
      anastomosis compared with conventional anastomosis. METHOD: We evaluated 12
      patients. The mean age ranged from 62.33 +/- 7.30 years. Of 12 patients submitted
      to surgery without extracorporeal circulation, 10 (83.3%) patients were male.
      Thirty-three proximal anastomoses were evaluated, 21 of them being performed
      through the conventional manner and 12 with the St. Jude Symmetry aortic
      connector. The time spent on anastomosis, and free flow and patency on the 4th
      day postoperative were analysed. RESULTS: The mechanical anastomosis was
      successfully performed in all patients. Electrocardiographic alteration
      compatible with myocardial infarctation (MI) on the 2nd day postoperative was
      observed only in one patient. The patient was referred to angiographic restudy,
      becoming evident a conventional proximal anastomosis occlusion for the marginal
      branch. Three patients had atrial fibrillation. The average time spent to perform
      the mechanical anastomosis was 44.08 +/- 9.26 seconds against 3.86 +/- 0.61
      minutes of the conventional anastomosis (p = 0.0022). The average blood free flow
      observed in the mechanical anastomosis was 302.75 +/- 82.76 mL/min versus 190.75
      +/- 51.53 mL/min (p = 0.0022). In the angiographic restudy performed on the 4th
      postoperative day, it was detected the occlusin of three mechanical anastomosis.
      There was no new conventional anastomosis (p = 0.2500). CONCLUSION: The present
      study showed a statistically significant superiority for mechanical anastomosis
      of the saphenous vein with the aorta when evaluated the blood free flow and the
      time to perform the anastomosis. In relation to the artery condition in the
      postoperative angiography, one cannot say there was statistically significant
      difference between the procedures studied.

PMID- 18157418
TI  - Morphometrical quantification of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae
      in human atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysms.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Atherosclerotic inflammation with a possible role of infectious agents
      can contribute to the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The
      finding of Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) in these lesions in previous non-quantifying
      studies ranged from 0-100%. The objective is to quantify the presence of CP and
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in AAA. METHODS: The thickness, and the number of
      cells positive for CP detected by the immunohistochemistry (immunoperoxidase,
      which is a type of immunohistochemical stain used in molecular biology, medical
      research, and clinical diagnostics), and the percentage of the area occupied by
      the Mycoplasma pneumoniae detected by in situ hybridization in three layers of
      the aorta were measured using an image-analysis system in 10 necropsies of
      abdominal aneurysmatic aortas. Three groups were used as controls: 1) samples of
      the same aortas, outside the aneurysms, except if the dilatation took the whole
      sub-renal portion of the artery (n=7); 2) aortas with severe atherosclerosis but
      without aneurysms (n=10); 3) aortas without or with mild atherosclerosis (n=10).
      All specimens were obtained at necropsies. Wald's test was used to compare
      groups; significance level was established at 5%. RESULTS: The tunica intima was
      thinner and the tunica media was thicker in the normal cases than in the other
      groups (p<0.01). Positive cells for CP were found in all groups, more frequently
      at the adventitia; no significant difference was detected between the groups
      (p>0.05). MP was also detected in all groups. This agent predominated in the
      group of patients with atherosclerosis, but without aneurysms at both tunica
      intima and adventitia; nevertheless, there were no significant differences
      between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggested that the bacteria we
      focused to, does not play an important role in the pathogenesis of AAA.

PMID- 18157419
TI  - Effect of temporary right atrial pacing in prevention of atrial fibrillation
      after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluated the effects of temporary atrial pacing to prevent the
      atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass graft surgery and the risk
      factors to the occurrence of this arrhytmia. METHODS: We have studied 160
      patients who, at the end of coronary artery bypass graft surgery, were submitted
      to epicardial electrode implantation in the right atrium lateral wall. They were
      randomized into two groups: non-pacing (NP) group and right atrial (RA) pacing
      group. The cardiac rhythm was monitorized over 72 hours following to the end of
      surgery and the variables studied were as follow: incidence of atrial
      fibrillation; the risk factors pre-, intra-, and postoperative for its
      occurrence, and postoperative events. RESULTS: There were 21 (13.1%) episodes of
      atrial fibrillation, 20 in the NP group and one in the RA group. The relative
      risk (RR) for the development of atrial fibrillation was 0.18 (95% CI; 0.05-0.60)
      for the RA group when compared to the NP group. The logistic regression
      identified that the study variables, such as younger age; use of beta-blockers in
      the preoperative, and the presence of right atrial pacing had been associated to
      a lower Odds ratios (ORs) for the occurrence of atrial fibrillation in the
      postoperative. CONCLUSIONS: The temporary atrial pacing reduced the incidence of
      atrial fibrillation after the CABG surgery. Older age and a non-atrial pacing
      were the independent predictive factors of the occurrence of this arrhythmia.

PMID- 18157420
TI  - Left thoracotomy for reoperations in myocardium revascularization.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe patient selection criteria, surgical technique and early
      outcomes in patients undergoing reoperative coronary artery bypass surgery
      (RECABG) through a left thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
      METHODS: Eight patients with patent grafts to the anterior interventricular
      branch of left coronary artery (four of which had also patent grafts to the right
      coronary artery) requiring revascularization of the circumflex coronary system
      had redo-CABG without CPB through a left posterolateral thoracotomy. RESULTS:
      There was no in-hospital mortality or serious postoperative complications. All
      patients are angina-free. CONCLUSIONS: An off-pump redo-CABG through a left
      posterolateral thoracotomy may reduce risks attributable to resternotomy in
      patients who met the selection criteria.

PMID- 18157421
TI  - Coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with situs inversus totalis and
      dextrocardia.
AB  - Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital anomaly. We report a case of a 78
      year-old woman with this condition and ischemic coronary artery disease who
      underwent myocardial revascularization. The cardiac catheterism showed severe
      proximal stenosis with aneurysms in the anterior interventricular branch,
      diagonal artery, and right coronary artery. The procedure was done with the
      surgeon positioned in the left hand side of the patient, with the right internal
      thoracic artery anastomosed to the anterior interventricular branch, and to two
      more vein grafts. Very few cases have been reported in the world and this is the
      third case in Brazil, and the first in the world with coronary aneurysms.

PMID- 18157422
TI  - Giant pericardial cyst: case report.
AB  - Pericardial cysts are uncommon congenital abnormalities. Most are asymptomatic
      and are found incidentally on chest roentgenograms. Giant cysts are an even more
      uncommon finding, and reports of their natural history, presentation and
      management are few. In this report the authors describe a case of a giant
      pericardial cyst with symptoms of mediastinal compression for which the surgical
      excision guaranteed a 12-month follow-up of complete remission of the
      symptomatology.

PMID- 18157423
TI  - Vascular ring related to Kommerell diverticula: case report.
AB  - Report of a surgical treatment for vascular ring (right aortic arch and the
      anomalous origin of the left subclavian artery) related to Kommerell diverticulum
      with resection of the ligamentum arteriosum (ductus arteriosus), suture of the
      Kommerell diverticulum, and reimplantation of left subclavian artery in the
      ipsilateral carotid artery through left thoracotomy in a 13-year-old female.

PMID- 18157425
TI  - Lung nodule, tracheal stenoses and coronary disease: how to approach when are all
      associated to?
AB  - A 67-year-old male patient underwent exploratory thoracotomy for pulmonary nodule
      resection. The patient presented a cardiorespiratory arrest during anesthesia due
      to myocardium infarction. After reanimation the patient was referred to ICU where
      he remained intubated for 7 days. Subsequently, he developed cervical tracheal
      stenosis. At first, the patient underwent a myocardium revascularization followed
      by surgical resection of tracheal stenosis through tracheoplasty.

PMID- 18157424
TI  - Simultaneous repair of congenital heart defect and pectus excavatum.
AB  - The author describes the simultaneous treatment of pectus excavatum and
      congenital intracardiac defect (atrial septal defect) represented by the
      interatrial foramen secundum. An 8-year-old boy, with clinical and
      echocardiography diagnosis of atrial septal defect associated with pectus
      excavatum was referred to a simultaneous surgical treatment of both
      abnormalities. The simultaneous surgical treatment of both pectus excavatum and
      congenital intracardiac defects make it difficult to access the heart. In this
      case, the simultaneous surgical treatment of atrial septal defect and pectus
      excavatum was a valuable alternative to surgical repair of both abnormalities,
      mainly due to its cosmetic outcome.

PMID- 18157426
TI  - Partial absence of the inferior vena cava associated with bowel malformation.
AB  - A 6-year-old female child sought medical service due to a gastrointestinal
      malformation. During medical follow-up, partial absence of the inferior vena cava
      was diagnosed, a rare congenital alteration affecting the vascular drainage from
      the inferior segment of the body. Imaging exams were accomplished, contributing
      to evaluation and description of the case. Conservative treatment with oral
      anticoagulant was maintained. The patient presents good evolution after long-term
      cardiovascular follow-up.

PMID- 18157427
TI  - Case 6/2007--the uncommon association between the aortopulmonary window and the
      aortic coarctation.

PMID- 18157428
TI  - Case 7/2007--a child with transposition of the great arteries submitted to
      surgical correction at preschool age.

PMID- 18157430
TI  - Effects of cocaine, methamphetamine and modafinil challenge on sleep rebound
      after paradoxical sleep deprivation in rats.
AB  - Sleep loss is both common and critically relevant to our society and might lead
      to the abuse of psychostimulants such as amphetamines, cocaine and modafinil.
      Since psychoactive substance abuse often occurs within a scenario of sleep
      deficit, the purpose of this investigation was to compare the sleep patterns of
      rats challenged with cocaine (7 mg/kg, ip), methamphetamine (7 mg/kg, ip), or
      modafinil (100 mg/kg, ip) subsequent to paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) for
      96 h. Our results show that, immediately after 96 h of PSD, rats (10 per group)
      that were injected with a psychostimulant presented lower percentages of
      paradoxical sleep compared to those injected with saline (P < 0.01). Regarding
      slow wave sleep (SWS), rats injected with psychostimulants after PSD presented a
      late rebound (on the second night subsequent to the injection) in the percentage
      of this phase of sleep when compared to PSD rats injected with saline (P < 0.05).
      In addition, the current study has produced evidence of the characteristic effect
      of each drug on sleep architecture. Home cage control rats injected with
      modafinil and methamphetamine showed a reduction in SWS compared with the saline
      group. Methamphetamine affected sleep patterns most, since it significantly
      reduced paradoxical sleep, SWS and sleep efficiency before and after PSD compared
      to control (P < 0.05). Cocaine was the psychostimulant causing the least changes
      in sleep pattern in relation to those observed after saline injection. Therefore,
      our results suggest that abuse of these psychostimulants in a PSD paradigm
      aggravates their impact on sleep patterns.

PMID- 18157431
TI  - Sildenafil delays the intestinal transit of a liquid meal in awake rats.
AB  - Sildenafil slows down the gastric emptying of a liquid test meal in awake rats
      and inhibits the contractility of intestinal tissue strips. We studied the acute
      effects of sildenafil on in vivo intestinal transit in rats. Fasted, male albino
      rats (180-220 g, N = 44) were treated (0.2 mL, iv) with sildenafil (4 mg/kg) or
      vehicle (0.01 N HCl). Ten minutes later they were fed a liquid test meal (99m
      technetium-labeled saline) injected directly into the duodenum. Twenty, 30 or 40
      min after feeding, the rats were killed and transit throughout the
      gastrointestinal tract was evaluated by progression of the radiotracer using the
      geometric center method. The effect of sildenafil on mean arterial pressure (MAP)
      was monitored in a separate group of rats (N = 14). Data (medians within
      interquartile ranges) were compared by the Mann-Whitney U-test. The location of
      the geometric center was significantly more distal in vehicle-treated than in
      sildenafil-treated rats at 20, 30, and 40 min after test meal instillation (3.3
      (3.0-3.6) vs 2.9 (2.7-3.1); 3.8 (3.4-4.0) vs 2.9 (2.5-3.1), and 4.3 (3.9-4.5) vs
      3.4 (3.2-3.7), respectively; P < 0.05). MAP was unchanged in vehicle-treated rats
      but decreased by 25% (P < 0.05) within 10 min after sildenafil injection. In
      conclusion, besides transiently decreasing MAP, sildenafil delays the intestinal
      transit of a liquid test meal in awake rats.

PMID- 18157432
TI  - [Discussing resistant and refractory cases in psychiatry].

PMID- 18157433
TI  - [Refractory schizophrenia].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present paper is to review the various aspects of
      refractory schizophrenia regarding issues such as definitions, clinical aspects,
      psychobiological correlates, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment
      options and predictors of treatment response. METHOD: Medline search as well as
      articles of the authors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Refractory schizophrenia
      affects at least one third of patients with schizophrenia and the best evidence
      shows that is monotherapy with clozapine remains the mainstay for the treatment
      of such condition. Antipsychotic polipharmacy is not supported by current
      evidence and recent clinical trials have shown that clozapine augmentation with
      antipsychotics has no benefit over placebo.

PMID- 18157434
TI  - [Treatment-resistant anxiety disorders: social phobia, generalized anxiety
      disorder and panic disorder].
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Anxiety disorders are common psychiatric conditions that cause
      significant disability, poor quality of life and enormous social cost. Although
      treatments with demonstrable efficacy are available a great number of patients
      fail to respond or remains with clinically significant residual symptoms after
      treatment. The objective of this study is to review aspects related to treatment
      resistance and pharmacological strategies to deal with anxiety disorders
      resistant to treatment. METHOD: Narrative review. RESULTS: We discuss conceptual
      aspects related to treatment resistance or refractoriness, predictors of poor
      treatment outcome, and finally, some strategies to deal with anxiety disorders
      (including social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and panic
      disorder) that do not respond to standard therapeutic interventions. CONCLUSION:
      Treatment resistance in anxiety disorders remains a challenge to clinical
      practice going from non standardized concepts of response and resistance to a
      paucity of controlled studies concerning therapeutic strategies.

PMID- 18157435
TI  - [Antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, antiadrenergics and other drugs: what to do
      when posttraumatic stress disorder does not respond to selective serotonin
      reuptake inhibitors?].
AB  - OBJECTIVES: In this narrative review, we aimed to describe different
      pharmacological strategies for the treatment of patients with post-traumatic
      stress disorder who display different levels of intolerance, resistance,
      refractoriness, or who are unable to take to antidepressants, especially
      serotonin reuptake inhibitors. METHOD: We searched the ISI web of science and the
      PubMed for original studies focusing in the treatment of PTSD in different
      clinical scenarios. RESULTS: Preliminary evidence pointed towards the efficacy of
      drugs such as risperidone, olanzapine, lamotrigine and prazosin as strategies to
      be employed in the above mentioned clinical scenarios. The choice of a specific
      "second line" drug should take into account not only symptoms, but also pattern
      of comorbidities, previous response to other treatments, pharmacological
      interactions, side-effects, and patient's physical conditions. CONCLUSIONS:
      Future randomized controlled trials should be performed in order to unveil which
      drugs should be prescribed in the absence of adequate treatment and response to
      serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

PMID- 18157436
TI  - [Somatic therapies for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders].
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews the current knowledge of somatic treatment in
      psychiatry, with a focus on treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders. METHOD: A
      computerized search of the literature was conducted on Medline using the words
      "electroconvulsive therapy", "transcranial magnetic stimulation", "vagus nerve
      stimulation", "deep brain stimulation" and "magnetic seizure therapy". References
      from each paper were also screened. RESULTS: The development of new non
      pharmacological psychiatric interventions in the past decades has renewed the
      clinical and research interest in somatic therapies. Although electroconvulsive
      therapy remains the only somatic treatment with undisputed efficacy, transcranial
      magnetic stimulation, magnetic seizure therapy, vagus nerve stimulation and deep
      brain stimulation all offer potential as novel means of psychiatric treatment.
      CONCLUSIONS: New treatment modalities still have an insufficient body of data.
      Notwithstanding, biological strategies continue to hold promise as a safer and
      more effective approach to psychiatric treatment.

PMID- 18157437
TI  - Social insertion of nursing graduate programs.

PMID- 18157438
TI  - Family dynamics from the perspective of parents and children involved in domestic
      violence against children and adolescents.
AB  - We sought, in this investigation, to understand the family dynamics in the view
      of parents and children involved in Domestic Violence against children and
      adolescents institutionalized in the Center of Assistance to the Victimized Child
      and Adolescent (CACAV), in Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. This is a qualitative study
      with semi-structured interviews applied to parents and children from six families
      involved in domestic violence. The data were analyzed through content analysis.
      Ecology of human development was used as theoretical reference. Domestic violence
      was reported, though it is understood as common practice for the families. We
      identified that the parents' view favors the denial of the violence perpetrated.
      The children, on the other hand, point that love ties and affection are more
      significant for their development than blood relations. We believe that the
      knowledge acquired as how violence is experienced, can contribute with
      intervention strategies capable of breaking the perverse cycle of violent family
      relationships.

PMID- 18157439
TI  - Political project of adolescent care in Sao Carlos, Brazil.
AB  - The Brazilian Child and Adolescent Statute was established in 1990. Since then
      many institutions have been created to attend adolescents. This study aimed to
      understand how these institutions have been organized in Sao Carlos, Northeast of
      Sao Paulo, Brazil. This is a descriptive study, whose data were collected through
      interviews with the directors of 20 institutions. They reported differences in
      terms of objectives, target public age, religious orientation, etc. While most
      institutions have focused on leisure activities and professional education, some
      of them attend only adolescents who have committed some kind of illegal act.
      Although there are many different ways to assist adolescents, it seems that their
      actions are not integrated towards the implementation of the Child and Adolescent
      Statute.

PMID- 18157440
TI  - The routine of families with nursing infants.
AB  - This descriptive study investigates the routine of families with nursing infants
      ages between six months and two years old, involving working mothers users of a
      Basic Health Unit in a city in the South of Brazil. The theoretical discussion is
      based on the families' routine approach. A total of 25 mothers were interviewed
      through a semi-structured questionnaire. The qualitative data analysis followed
      the phases of organization, codification, categorization and interpretation. The
      findings suggest that childcare routines vary according to the periodicity,
      schedule and occupation of the mother. Different alternatives to childcare were
      identified, and although most of the women interviewed reported to be married,
      they almost did not mention the husband's participation in the routine. The
      investigation based on family routines allows the identification of family roles,
      the social relations and the health care organization.

PMID- 18157441
TI  - Lifestyle changes in descendants of parents with diabetes type 2.
AB  - This study aimed to explore the disposition of diabetic parents' descendents in
      changing eating and physical activity patterns. It was based on the heritability
      concept and Prochaska's Transtheoretical Model. This is a descriptive
      correlational study; participants included 30 parents, randomly selected, and 60
      children. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 68% of the children was classified as obese,
      42% with insulin resistance, and 15% with carbohydrate intolerance. None of the
      risk factors was associated with the stages of change. The heritability factor
      was 1.37%; more people younger than 40 and women report decreasing in the
      consumption of fat food (Xi(2)=6.04, p=.020; and 4.41, p=.040, respectively).
      These results suggest a high influence of environmental factors on the
      participants' unhealthy life styles.

PMID- 18157442
TI  - Care needs of pregnant women with a private health insurance: a comprehensive
      social phenomenology approach.
AB  - This study aimed to understand the meanings women who possess health plans hold
      regarding pregnancy and get to know their care needs in this phase of the vital
      cycle. It was based on the qualitative research of phenomenological inspiration.
      The discourses analysis was based on the sociologist and fenomenologist Alfred
      Schutz's thought. Having health plans and being attended in private institutions
      were defined as inclusion criteria. The following categories emerged from the
      discourses: having new responsibilities; experiencing a special situation;
      experiencing insecurity, anxiety and expectations; feeling limited; trusting the
      health professional. It was found, through the analysis of categories, that the
      experience of the pregnant women who participated in the study is similar to
      those who do not possess health plans. However, in the category "trusting the
      health professional" it was possible to perceive the importance of possessing
      health plan, which allows the intersubjectivity between the woman and the health
      professional.

PMID- 18157443
TI  - Investigating oral healthcare in the elderly using Grounded Theory.
AB  - The present article aimed to describe the foundations and adequacy of the
      Grounded Theory (GT) to the construction of the substantive theory on the
      phenomenon of oral health care of institutionalized elderly people. GT is a
      methodology that allows formulating orderly abstractions from the real life data.
      Through this referential is possible to elaborate a relevant and functional
      theory in order to understand the meaning of the elderly oral health care
      practices. GT allowed an extensive and rich production of information codes
      submitted to a process of Comparative Analysis. The immersion in the actors'
      subjective and private view, through interviews performed with the participants,
      allowed by the open and flexible character of the method, permitted the
      formulation of comprehensive analysis categories. The text demonstrates the
      validity of this alternative methodology to the scientific investigation of this
      complex phenomenon.

PMID- 18157444
TI  - Can the socioeconomic level influence the characteristics of a group of
      hypertensive patients?
AB  - A total of 440 hypertensive patients participated in the study (57 years old +/
      12, 66% women, 51% white, 57% married, 52% with primary school and 44% with
      income from 1 to 3 minimum salaries) to characterize biosocial, beliefs,
      attitudes and knowledge variables, absence to consultation and treatment
      interruption, and to associate the socioeconomic level to the variables studied.
      An index of accumulated goods, from the possession of household appliances
      converted in minimum salaries/mo., was elaborated in order to evaluate the
      economic status. The hypertensive people who disagreed with "there is nothing you
      can do to prevent high blood pressure" presented significantly higher levels of
      accumulated goods; those who affirmed never getting late to their consultations
      presented lower levels of accumulated goods; in the subjective well-being
      evaluation, sadness was associated to a lower accumulated goods index (p<0,05).
      Results showed that low economic status was associated with factors that can
      influence the attitude and adherence to anti-hypertensive treatment.

PMID- 18157445
TI  - Time series of tuberculosis mortality in Brazil (1980-2001).
AB  - This descriptive study aimed to describe Tuberculosis-related mortality in Brazil
      between 1980 and 2001, through time series analysis of data from the DATASUS
      related to cases in which Tuberculosis was the basic cause of death. The
      mortality rates were calculated per 100,000 inhabitants according to gender and
      age. We found a decrease in Tuberculosis mortality of approximately 42% for men
      and 54% for women across the period analyzed. The International Classification of
      Diseases was used: ICD-9, for the period of 1980 to 1995; ICD-10 for 1996 to
      2001. Deaths are related to late diagnosis, which is a problem of organization of
      the primary health care, as neither prevention actions nor case detections by
      active search for respiratory symptoms were incorporated into the health
      professionals' practice which contributes to higher death rates in more
      vulnerable groups.

PMID- 18157446
TI  - The triggering of psychosis and its clinical treatment in substitutive mental
      health equipment: a theoretical contribution in the Freudian perspective.
AB  - The present study goal was to build a framework based on the Freudian
      psychoanalysis in order to understand the psychosis mode of production. The
      methodology consisted of content analysis of terms related to the concept
      studied. Based on the assumption that the psychotic symptoms are a result of a
      fixation on the primary narcissism, we conclude that the fusion of life and death
      pulses, as well as the egoic constitution through identification processes in the
      oral phase, can keep the individual tied to primitive figures of identification
      and prevent him(er) from making new libidinal investments, which lead the
      individual to feel a constant threat and death in life. The attempts made by the
      psychotic person to escape from this state of death and to relate with external
      reality are expressed in forms known as symptoms, such as delusions and
      aggressiveness.

PMID- 18157447
TI  - Themes and time use by participants in general team meetings at a psychiatric day
      hospital.
AB  - This naturalistic study was realized through observation and aimed to
      characterize general staff meetings held at a day hospital regarding theme and
      the professionals' participation in the use of time. We observed 21 meetings,
      during which 144 announcements were made and 46 issues were discussed, with
      greater participation in discussions by fixed team members. In 18 of these
      meetings, the discussed themes corresponded to daily situations registered during
      the weeks preceding the meetings. Our findings reveal that these meetings are
      inserted in the service on a regular basis. Power relations and differences in
      experience and technical knowledge between the different professionals seem to
      contribute to the higher or lower number of announcements and issues presented.
      As this space favors exchanges, we suggest these meetings to be used in other
      health services working with assistance teams.

PMID- 18157448
TI  - Risk factors for pressure ulcer development in institutionalized elderly.
AB  - This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for the development of Pressure
      Ulcers (PU) in old people living in Long Staying Institutions. It is a
      prospective and cohort study carried out in four Institutions. A total of 94 old
      people composed the sample and were assessed during three consecutive months. The
      total scores of the Braden Scale were different between the groups with and
      without PU, at the first (p=0.030) and last assessments (p=0.001); humidity,
      nutrition and friction/shearing were significantly different between those with
      and without PU, and were always worst among the first. Female gender and previous
      PU were confirmed as predictive for the development of PU (r(2)=0.311).

PMID- 18157449
TI  - Communication between nursing staff and clients unable to communicate verbally.
AB  - This is an experience developed during the Master program in Nursing at UFSC. It
      aimed to reflect on the nursing care delivered to the patient unable to verbally
      communicate, based on Paterson and Zderad's Theory and to analyze the
      communicational process between nursing and client. The experience was carried
      out in the Intensive Care Center of a private hospital in two stages: non
      participating observation and three existential workshops, involving nine nursing
      technicians. Each participant acquired self knowledge and was known by other
      participants in the intuitive dialogue. Alternatives of non-verbal dialogue were
      suggested during the scientific dialogue. The scientific-intuitive fusion emerged
      when there was a need of each one to position themselves about the totality. The
      study on the communicational process revealed the need to enlarge the approach
      regarding the care to the client unable to verbally communicate, especially
      training the team for the interpersonal and dialogical relationship.

PMID- 18157450
TI  - Hospital care: assessment of users' satisfaction during hospital stay.
AB  - Health care teams have followed the National Health System's (SUS) principles to
      ensure quality improvement in healthcare, and patient satisfaction is one of the
      instruments used to evaluate quality. This study aimed to evaluate patient
      satisfaction regarding the assistance to their needs during hospitalization, in a
      general hospital of a city in the interior of Sao Paulo. Data were collected
      through participant observation and use of focal group techniques in this
      qualitative research. A theme guide was used and a total of 20 subjects
      participated in the study. Data were analyzed through content analysis and
      interpreted through triangulation. Study results demonstrate that patients were
      satisfied with the care rendered. However, the researcher concluded that the
      institution's work organization is not directed to the attainment of quality.

PMID- 18157451
TI  - Patient classification system: a proposal to complement the instrument by Fugulin
      et al.
AB  - Analysis of patient classification instruments available in the literature shows
      that many significant aspects related to the assistance to patients with wounds
      are not approached, evidencing the importance to elaborate criteria to assess
      these patients. This study proposes the development of new of areas of care to
      complement the Fugulin et al. instrument, validated by the Federal Nursing
      Council (COFEN). The construction of new areas to evaluate wounds was based on a
      bibliographic search on the operational models of the Patient Classification
      System (PCS), as well as on several instruments of wound classification. New
      areas of care were established, as follows: tissue impairment, number of dressing
      changes and time taken to their preparation. Values were also redefined
      indicating the patient's assistance category. The complementation of the Fugulin
      et al. instrument, proposed here, favors the application of this instrument in a
      more diversified group of patients since it adds a relevant assistance aspect, as
      the dressing issue.

PMID- 18157452
TI  - The maintenance care of potential organ donors: ethnographic study on the
      experience of a nursing team.
AB  - This ethnographic study aimed to understand a nursing team's experience on the
      maintenance of potential organ donors. Data were collected through ethnographic
      interview, participative observation and documental analysis and analyzed in
      thematic, cultural domain and taxonomical terms. The research enabled us to
      identify the meaning of brain death, revealing the interrelation between the
      categories (units, nursing team and patient), which constituted this study main
      theme: "it is not a person". The transplant meaning held by the nursing team is
      marked by disbelief due to some previous experiences in the Intensive Therapy
      Unit. Thus, beliefs and values of this subculture interfere or determine a
      distancing from the patient with a consequent loss in the maintenance of the
      potential donor and quality of the organs donated.

PMID- 18157453
TI  - Evaluation of underreported surgical site infection evidenced by post-discharge
      surveillance.
AB  - The Surgical Site Infection (SSI) has been pointed as one of the most important
      infection sites. This study aimed to determine the surgical site infection
      incidence during hospitalization and the impact of notification after discharge
      through two methods. This prospective study was carried out in the digestive
      system surgery service (DSS) of two general hospitals of Sao Paulo, in the period
      from August, 2001 to March, 2002. Incidence levels of 6.7% and 4.5% were notified
      in the institutions A and B respectively. The incidence of SSI after discharge in
      the institution A was 27% and 13.4% in the institution B. Surveillance after
      discharge evidenced global rates of 33.7% and 17.9% for institutions A and B
      respectively. The rates of infection increased 5.02 and 3.98 times respectively
      in institutions A and B.

PMID- 18157454
TI  - Adaptation of the visual analog sleep scales to Portuguese.
AB  - This article reports the adaptation of the Visual Analog Sleep (VAS) Scales
      developed to assess patients' perception about their sleep on the previous 24
      hours. Original scales, translated to Portuguese and submitted to content
      validation, were tested for reliability and validity. Convenience sample was
      composed of 180 patients on the first postoperative day (mean age 39.3+/-12.3
      years; 68.3% female). The Disturbance Scale was kept with 7 items (alpha=.80) and
      the Effectiveness Scale with 5 items (alpha=.78); both maintained the original
      structure. Item 13 (Wake after final arousal) had to be excluded from
      Supplementation Scale, that kept 3 out of its 4 items (alpha=.72). There was
      negative correlation between Disturbance and Effectiveness (r=-.68 p<.001), as it
      was expected. The adapted version is suitable to sleep assessment of
      postoperative patients. The behavior of the excluded item has to be analyzed with
      other samples.

PMID- 18157455
TI  - Staff cost in direct nursing care at an intensive care unit.
AB  - This quantitative case study aimed to learn and analyze the personnel cost in
      nursing direct care in the intensive care unit. We opted to use a therapeutic
      intervention score index, TISS-28, for the analysis of the indirect gravity of
      patients and the dimension of the nursing staff working time. Evaluating the cost
      by a gravity score presented to be a logical and relatively simple method to
      allocate costs per patient in the intensive care unit. In this exploratory and
      descriptive study, the average TISS-28 per patient was 31 points, requiring a
      daily expenditure of care hours of R$ 298.69. It was evidenced in this study that
      personnel costs are variable since there are patients with different
      complexities. Therefore is possible to estimate the nursing staff cost by
      assessing its work load.

PMID- 18157456
TI  - Medication preparation and administration: analysis of inquiries and information
      by the nursing team.
AB  - This study analyzed questions presented by nursing technicians and auxiliaries
      during medication preparation and administration. Data were collected through a
      form in which nurses who worked in the hospitalization unit of a general hospital
      in Sao Paulo, Brazil, were asked to take notes of any questions asked to them.
      Most of the 255 questions were related to medication dilution (103). Regarding
      the answers source, only 7.5% of answers were obtained from pharmaceutical
      professionals, 35.5% of the answers given by nurses was incorrect or partially
      correct, which can constitute a factor for medication administration errors. In
      addition, there are no pharmacists present in hospitalization units of Brazilian
      hospitals. These professionals could, jointly with nurses, facilitate medication
      orientation to nursing professionals during preparation and administration, as
      well as to patients themselves.

PMID- 18157457
TI  - Surgery cancelling at a teaching hospital: implications for cost management.
AB  - This study discusses the problem of surgery cancellation on the economic
      financial perspective. It was carried out in the Surgical Center Unit of a school
      hospital with the objective to identify and analyze the direct costs (human
      resources, medications and materials) and the opportunity costs that result from
      the cancellation of elective surgeries. Data were collected during three
      consecutive months through institutional documents and a form elaborated by the
      researchers. Only 58 (23.3%) of the 249 cancelled scheduled surgeries represented
      costs for the institution. The cancellations direct total cost was R$ 1.713.66
      (average cost per patient R$ 29.54); distributed as follows: expenses with
      consumption materials R$ 333.05; sterilization process R$201.22; medications
      R$149.77 and human resources R$1,029.62. The human resources costs represented
      the greatest percentile in relation to the total cost (60.40%). It was observed
      that most of the cancellations could be partially avoided. Planning on
      management; redesigning work processes, training the staff and making early
      clinical evaluation can be strategies to minimize this occurrence.

PMID- 18157458
TI  - Cancer in children: the diagnostic itinerary.
AB  - This study aims to describe the trajectory children and adolescents experience
      from the beginning of cancer signs and symptoms until the confirmation of the
      diagnosis, based on their parents' report. A total of eight mothers and two
      fathers participated in the study. Data were collected through semi structured
      interviews, and data were subject to qualitative analysis. We found that this
      period is significant for parents, who are capable of recognizing that something
      wrong started to happen to their children, expressed through signs and symptoms.
      They precisely reported the chronological time of this trajectory. The challenges
      they mentioned refer to the different diagnostic hypotheses, the difficulty to
      performing specific diagnostic exams and to be referred to specialized care
      services. This search for health service care revealed to be a difficult journey,
      which permits to identify that the Brazilian Basic Health System's principles of
      accessibility and problem-solving capacity are jeopardized.

PMID- 18157459
TI  - Brazilian nursing and professionalization at technical level: a retrospective
      analysis.
AB  - This article presents a retrospective analysis of the Brazilian Nursing
      concerning the professionalization of workers at technical level. It also
      provides some indication about the trends of professional education. There is a
      clear indication of increased intellectual and conceptual accumulation in the
      four decades the professional education in nursing at technical level has been
      part of the public policy agenda. This experience serves as reference for the
      formulation of new actions directed to other professionals of technical level who
      deliver direct care to the population. The study shows that there was
      reformulation of the nursing professional qualification issue, including in the
      discussion the need to improve the quality of educational processes and extensive
      supply of continuous education to workers already inserted in the process, in
      order to keep the constant changes in the Brazilian Health system.

PMID- 18157460
TI  - Lipodystrophy syndrome associated with antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients:
      considerations for psychosocial aspects.
AB  - Several side effects have been strongly associated with antiretroviral therapy in
      HIV patients. Among them, the lipodystrophy syndrome which presents alterations
      in body shape with central adipose hypertrophy and peripheral lipoatrophy,
      reported by patients as a visible marker identifying them as HIV patients. This
      manuscript presents an analysis of current literature regarding the psychosocial
      aspects of HIV patients with lipodystrophy associated with antiretroviral
      therapy. The results show that the alterations in body shape can be disturbing in
      terms of psychosocial well being, affecting quality of life and increasing the
      stigma associated with the disease, with consequent disturbances in social
      relations. This analysis provides a preliminary review of the psychosocial
      aspects of lipodystrophy and further studies are needed for a better
      understanding of this complex syndrome, which could provide new information to be
      used in nursing care for HIV patients affected by this problem.

PMID- 18157461
TI  - An overview of research designs relevant to nursing: Part 3: mixed and multiple
      methods.
AB  - This third article of the series "An Overview of Research Designs Relevant to
      Nursing" presents the use of mixed or multiple methods in nursing research. The
      use of mixed or multiple methods is a growing trend that offers another option
      for researchers in addressing the complex health problems faced in nursing today.
      Understanding of all methods and all combinations of methods facilitate the
      conduction and dissemination of research to serve nursing practice.

PMID- 18157463
TI  - Imaging the neuromuscular junction over the past centuries.
AB  - The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has been studied for over a century as a model
      system for synaptic anatomy, physiology and development. Much of our knowledge of
      the NMJ has been obtained through imaging techniques, some of which were
      developed particularly to visualize this synapse's structure and function. In
      this paper we review the historical development of research on some key aspects
      of the NMJ, including its structure, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
      distribution, the process of synaptic vesicle release, and its development.

PMID- 18157462
TI  - The use of exhaled nitric oxide monitoring in primary care asthma clinics: a
      pilot study.
AB  - AIM: Although asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease, inflammation
      is rarely assessed. The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a biomarker of
      airways inflammation. We assessed the feasibility of FeNO monitoring in general
      practice. METHODS: Prospective observational study of volunteers attending
      primary care asthma clinics. Consenting subjects were seen at their own surgery
      for 2-weekly reviews over 12 weeks, with assessment of FeNO, lung function,
      symptoms and health status. RESULTS: 22 adults and 15 children provided informed
      consent. Two subjects were unable to perform the FeNO expiratory manoeuvre. In
      the remaining subjects, measurements conforming to highest ERS/ATS
      recommendations were made on 211 of 236 occasions, and on 21 further occasions
      acceptable readings were made. Acceptability was high to subjects and staff.
      Correlations between FeNO readings and other parameters were weak and non
      significant except for statistically significant correlation between longitudinal
      FeNO changes and changes in lung function (r= -0.33, p<0.001) and health status
      (r= -0.22, p=0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Exhaled nitric oxide monitoring is technically
      feasible and acceptable to staff and patients within the context of a primary
      care asthma clinic.

PMID- 18157464
TI  - Cell adhesion and synaptogenesis.
AB  - Synapses are inter-neuronal connections that are fundamental working units in
      neural networks. How synapses are molecularly constructed is a fascinating
      question, which attracted scientists' attention for many decades. Neuromuscular
      junction, a field pioneered by Te-Pei FENG and many others, has been an excellent
      model for studying synaptogenesis and paved the way for our understanding of the
      synapse formation in the central nervous system. Recent studies shed new light on
      the molecular mechanisms of central synapse formation by discovering a group of
      cell adhesion molecules exerting potent synaptogenic effects. This review will
      focus on those cell adhesion molecules which can induce central synapse formation
      when expressed in non-neuronal cells.

PMID- 18157465
TI  - The alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor agonist guanfacine improves spatial learning but not
      fear conditioning in rats.
AB  - It is known that stimulation of the alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors (alpha(2A)-ARs) by
      the selective alpha(2A)-AR agonist guanfacine produces an important and
      beneficial influence on prefrontal cortical (PFC) cognitive functions such as
      spatial working memory and selective attention. However, it is unclear whether
      stimulation of the alpha(2A)-ARs has a similar effect on fear conditioning that
      involves the amygdala and hippocampus. Here, we show that systemically
      administered guanfacine significantly enhances spatial learning of rats in the
      Lashley maze: compared with controls, the rats treated with guanfacine required
      significantly fewer trials and made significantly fewer errors to reach learning
      criterion. However, guanfacine produced no effect on acquisition of contextual
      and auditory fear memories. The present study suggests that beneficial effect of
      alpha(2A)-AR stimulation is task-dependent: guanfacine improves spatial learning
      but not fear conditioning.

PMID- 18157466
TI  - Cannabinoids inhibit ATP-activated currents in rat trigeminal ganglionic neurons.
AB  - The present study aimed to investigate whether cannabinoids could modulate the
      response mediated by ATP receptor (P2X purinoceptor). Whole-cell patch-clamp
      recording was performed on cultured rat trigeminal ganglionic (TG) neurons. The
      majority of TG neurons were sensitive to ATP (67/75, 89.33%). Extracellular
      pretreatment with WIN55212-2, a cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1 receptor) agonist,
      reduced ATP-activated current (I(ATP)) significantly. This inhibitory effect was
      concentration-dependent and was blocked by AM281, a specific CB1 receptor
      antagonist. Pretreatment with WIN55212-2 at 1*10(-13), 1*10(-12), 1*10(-11),
      1*10(-10), 1*10(-9) and 1*10(-8) mol/L reduced I(ATP) (induced by 1*10(-4) mol/L
      ATP) by (8.14+/-3.14)%, (20.11+/-2.72)%, (46.62+/-3.51)%, (72.16+/-5.64)%,
      (80.21+/-2.80)% and (80.59+/-3.55)%, respectively. The concentration-response
      curves for I(ATP) pretreated with and without WIN55212-2 showed that WIN55212-2
      shifted the curve downward, and decreased the maximal amplitude of I(ATP) by
      (58.02+/-4.21)%. But the threshold value and EC(50) (1.15*10(-4) mol/L vs
      1.27*10(-4) mol/L) remained unchanged. The inhibition of I(ATP) by WIN55212-2 was
      reversed by AM281, suggesting that the inhibition was mediated via the CB1
      receptor. Pretreatment with forskolin [an agonist of adenylyl cyclase (AC)] or 8
      Br-cAMP reversed the inhibition of I(ATP) by WIN55212-2. These results suggest
      that the inhibitory effect of cannabinoids on I(ATP) is mediated via the CB1
      receptors, that lead to inhibition of the AC-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway.

PMID- 18157467
TI  - [Sexual dimorphisms of dopaminergic neurons in rat substantia nigra].
AB  - There are sex differences in some brain areas in mammalians. Parkinson's disease
      (PD), caused by the mesencephalic substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neuronal
      loss, displays sexual difference, i.e., the incidence is higher and the symptoms
      are more intense in males than that in females. However, it has not been known
      whether sexual dimorphisms exist in the SN. Sixty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were
      randomly divided into 5 groups: (1) Female intact group (F-INT group); (2) Male
      intact group (M-INT group); (3) Ovariectomized group (OVX group); (4) Castration
      group (CAST group); (5) Ovariectomized + estrogen-replaced group (OVX-E(2)
      group): The rats received sequentially physiological dose of estrogen for 3 d
      from the 7th day after ovariectomization. P50 auditory evoked potential (P50) was
      recorded for 14 d from electrodes inserted in the rat right SN in quiet and awake
      state. After recording, the brain tissues were dissected and the tyrosine
      hydroxylase (TH)-expressing neurons in the compact zone of the SN were counted
      using immunohistochemical method. The results showed that the number of TH
      positive (TH(+)) cells in the SN of normal male animals was less than that in
      normal female rats (P<0.05), and the T/C ratio of P50 in normal males was
      significantly less than that in normal females (P<0.01), indicating that there
      exists sexual difference in function and structure in the SN. No differences in
      the T/C ratio of P50 or the number of TH(+) cells were found between M-INT and
      CAST groups. The T/C ratio of P50 and the number of TH(+) cells in the SN in OVX
      group were reduced significantly compared with those in F-INT group (P<0.01).
      There was no significant difference in the T/C ratio of P50 and the number of
      TH(+) cells in the SN between OVX- E(2) and F-INT groups 15-20 d after estrogen
      replacement, suggesting that estrogen can promote the survival and functional
      recovery of dopaminergic neurons in the SN. The results suggest that there exist
      sex-specific differences in the dopaminergic neurons in the SN structurally and
      functionally. The difference of estrogen level in cerebra between male and female
      animals may account for the sexual differences. Endogenous estrogen plays an
      important role in maintaining the integrity and modulating the functional
      activity of dopamine system in the SN.

PMID- 18157468
TI  - Effect of lysophosphatidic acid on differentiation of embryonic neural stem cells
      into neuroglial cells in rats in vitro.
AB  - To study the effect of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on the differentiation of
      embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) into neuroglial cells in rats in vitro, both
      oligodendrocytes and astrocytes were detected by their marker proteins
      galactocerebroside (Gal-C) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),
      respectively, using double-labeling immunocytochemistry. RT-PCR assay was also
      used for analyzing the expression of LPA receptors in NSCs. Our results showed
      that: (1) LPA at different concentrations (0.01-3.0 mumol/L) was added to culture
      medium and cell counting was carried out on the 7th day in all groups. Exposure
      to LPA led to a dose-dependent increase of oligodendrocytes with the response
      peaked at 1.0 mumol/L, with an increased percentage of 32.6% (P<0.01) of total
      cells as compared to that of 8.5% in the vehicle group. (2) LPA showed no effect
      on the differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes. (3) RT-PCR assay showed that
      LPA(1) and LPA(3) receptors were strongly expressed while LPA(2) receptor
      expressed weakly in NSCs. These results suggest that LPA at low concentration
      might act as an extracellular signal through the receptors in NSCs, mainly LPA(1)
      and LPA(3) receptors, to promote the differentiation of NSCs into
      oligodendrocytes, while it exhibits little, if any, conceivable effect on the
      differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes.

PMID- 18157469
TI  - [Effect of melatonin on the content of beta-endorphin in the hypothalamic arcuate
      nucleus and periaqueductal grey of midbrain in morphine withdrawal mice].
AB  - The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of melatonin on the
      content of beta-endorphin (beta-EP) in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Arc) and
      periaqueductal grey (PAG) of midbrain in morphine withdrawal mice. Male Kunming
      mice were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with an increasing dose of morphine
      continuously for 8 d to establish morphine dependence model. Withdrawal response
      was induced by naloxone (3 mg/kg body weight, s.c.). The potency of withdrawal
      response was evaluated according to the jumping times and body weight loss. Ninty
      minutes prior to the precipitation of naloxone, 80 mg/kg body weight of melatonin
      (MEL) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to observe its antagonistic effect on
      the withdrawal response in morphine-dependent mice. After behavioral observation,
      radioimmunoassay was used to determine the content of beta-EP in the PAG of
      midbrain, and immunohistochemical assay was used to observe the intensity of beta
      EP-like immunoreactivity in the Arc in mice. It was shown that MEL inhibited the
      naloxone-precipitated withdrawal responses in mice significantly (P<0.05). In the
      meantime, MEL increased the content of beta-EP in the PAG of midbrain
      significantly (P<0.05) and attenuated the intensity of beta-EP-like
      immunoreactivity in the Arc in mice (P<0.05). The results suggest that MEL
      increases the content of beta-EP in the PAG of midbrain, decrease the content of
      beta-EP in the Arc in morphine withdrawal mice.

PMID- 18157470
TI  - Selective revealing of gap junction currents in single inspiratory tracheal motor
      neurons.
AB  - Little is known about how gap junctions are involved in the respiratory-related
      or other types of physiological neuronal activity since physiologically active
      gap junction currents (GJCs) have never been characterized from single
      respiratory-related neurons or from single neurons of any other types. In the
      present study we hypothesized that GJCs could be selectively revealed from single
      neurons by elimination of transmembrane electrochemical gradients in voltage
      patch-clamp recording, and this hypothesis was tested in single inspiratory
      tracheal preganglionic vagal motor neurons (I-TPVMs). The results showed that
      GJCs were selectively revealed in all I-TPVMs when the transmembrane
      electrochemical gradients were eliminated in voltage patch-clamp recording, and
      were rhythmically activated by central inspiratory activity. Therefore, this
      method may be used as a fast way to detect GJCs within spontaneously active
      neuronal networks.

PMID- 18157471
TI  - Effect of stimulation and lesion of the thalamic nucleus submedius on formalin
      evoked nociceptive behavior in rats.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to examine whether the thalamic nucleus
      submedius (Sm) was involved in the modulation of persistent nociception. Using an
      automated movement detection system to measure nociceptive behavior (agitation)
      induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin into the hind paw pad, the effects
      of electrical stimulation or electrolytic lesion of the Sm on the agitation
      response were examined in conscious rats. Unilateral stimulation (100 MUA, 5 min)
      of the Sm ipsilateral or contralateral to the formalin-injected paw produced a
      significant inhibition of agitation response in the second phase, while
      stimulation of thalamic structures more than 0.5 mm away from the Sm had no
      effect on agitation response. Bilaterally electrolytic lesion of the Sm did not
      significantly influence the number of agitation events induced by formalin
      injection in the first phase or the second phase. These results suggest that the
      Sm is not only involved in the modulation of phase nociception, as reported
      previously, but also of persistent nociception. The present study provides novel
      evidence for the participation of the Sm in descending modulation of pain.

PMID- 18157472
TI  - Modulation of frequency receptive field plasticity in rat auditory cortical
      neurons by electrical stimulation of medial prefrontal cortex.
AB  - Using conventional electrophysiological technique, we investigated the effects of
      stimulating the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) on plasticity of frequency
      receptive field (RF) in auditory cortical (AC) neurons in rats. When the mPFC was
      electrically stimulated, the RF plasticity of 51 (27.2%) neurons was not affected
      and that of 137 neurons (72.8%) was either inhibited (71 neurons, 37.7%) or
      facilitated (66 neurons, 35.1%). The modulation of RF plasticity by the
      stimulation of mPFC was dependent upon the time interval between acoustic and
      electrical stimuli. The best interval time that produced optimal modulation
      (inhibition or facilitation) ranged from 5 to 30 ms. The inhibitory modulation of
      mPFC prolonged RF shifting time and shortened RF recovery time. Conversely, the
      facilitatory modulation of mPFC shortened RF shifting time and prolonged RF
      recovery time. Our results suggest that the mPFC may affect the plasticity of
      functional activity in AC neurons, and also may participate in the process of
      auditory learning and memory.

PMID- 18157473
TI  - GPI-1046 stimulates chicken dorsal root ganglion neurite outgrowth in the
      presence of nerve growth factor at low concentration in vitro.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to re-evaluate the neurotrophic effect of
      GPI-1046 on neurite outgrowth in vitro. GPI-1046 was synthesized and identified
      with mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis.
      Chicken dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) were removed and divided into three groups:
      (1) The DRGs were cultured in DMEM containing different concentrations of GPI
      1046; (2) The DRGs were cultured in DMEM containing nerve growth factor (NGF)
      alone at 0.8 and 8 ng/mL, respectively; (3) The DRGs were cultured in DMEM
      containing both different concentrations of GPI-1046 and NGF at 0.8 ng/mL. The
      results showed that GPI-1046 alone could not stimulate chicken DRG neurite
      outgrowth; however, GPI-1046 stimulated DRG neurite outgrowth only in the
      presence of NGF at low concentration in the culture medium.

PMID- 18157474
TI  - [Expression of renin/prorenin receptor in rat kidney and cultured mesangial
      cells].
AB  - The renin/prorenin receptor (RnR) has recently been cloned and demonstrated to
      exist in different cells in the cardiovascular and renal systems, playing an
      important role in physiological and pathophysiological situations. In the present
      study, we used immunofluorescence method to identify whether and where the RnR
      expressed in cultured rat renal mesangial cells (MCs) and rat kidney. By using
      the prorenin handle region peptide (HRP) as a decoy peptide of the RnR, we
      observed the distribution of the HRP-RnR complex in the MCs. Our results showed
      that the RnR was localized in the perinuclear zone and plasma membrane of the
      MCs. At the organ level, the RnR was observed in the mesangium of cortical
      glomeruli in rat kidney. The FITC-labeled HRP (FITC-HRP) translocated from cell
      culture medium into the cytoplasm within 30 s. Colocalization of the HRP and RnR
      was observed mainly on the cell membrane and in the perinuclear zone of cytoplasm
      by using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. At 30 min the FITC-HRP was
      mainly observed in the nucleus while the RnR remained in the perinuclear zone of
      cytoplasm. Taken together, our results confirm the expression of RnR in the renal
      MCs. It is suggested that internalization of the RnR after binding with its
      ligand is at least one of the pathways through which the RnR exerts its
      biological actions.

PMID- 18157475
TI  - GABAergic inhibition modulates intensity sensitivity of temporally patterned
      pulse trains in the inferior collicular neurons in big brown bats.
AB  - The echolocating big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) emit trains of frequency
      modulated (FM) biosonar signals with duration, amplitude, repetition rate, and
      sweep structure changing systematically during interception of their prey. In the
      present study, the sound stimuli of temporally patterned pulse trains at three
      different pulse repetition rates (PRRs) were used to mimic the sounds received
      during search, approach, and terminal stages of echolocation.
      Electrophysiological method was adopted in recordings from the inferior
      colliculus (IC) of midbrain. By means of iontophoretic application of
      bicuculline, the effect of GABAergic inhibition on the intensity sensitivity of
      IC neurons responding to three different PRRs of 10, 30 and 90 pulses per second
      (pps) was examined. The rate-intensity functions (RIFs) were acquired. The
      dynamic range (DR) of RIFs was considered as a criterion of intensity
      sensitivity. Comparing the average DR of RIFs at different PRRs, we found that
      the intensity sensitivity of some neurons improved, but that of other neurons
      decayed when repetition rate of stimulus trains increased from 10 to 30 and 90
      pps. During application of bicuculline, the number of impulses responding to the
      different pulse trains increased under all stimulating conditions, while the DR
      differences of RIFs at different PRRs were abolished. The results indicate that
      GABAergic inhibition was involved in modulating the intensity sensitivity of IC
      neurons responding to pulse trains at different PRRs. Before and during
      bicuculline application, the percentage of changes in responses was maximal in
      lower stimulus intensity near to the minimum threshold (MT), and decreased
      gradually with the increment of stimulus intensity. This observation suggests
      that GABAergic inhibition contributes more effectively to the intensity
      sensitivity of the IC neurons responding to pulse trains at lower sound level.

PMID- 18157476
TI  - Noradrenaline release by activation of kappa-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic
      acetylcholine receptors participates in long-term potentiation-like response
      induced by nicotine.
AB  - Nicotine enhances the function of learning and memory, but the underlying
      mechanism still remains unclear. Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is
      assumed to be a cellular mechanism of learning and memory. Our previous
      experiments showed that with the single pulses evoking 80% of the maximal
      population spike (PS) amplitude, nicotine (10 MUmol/L) induced LTP-like response
      in the hippocampal CA1 region. In the present study, the nicotinic acetylcholine
      receptor (nAChR) subtypes and relevant neurotransmitter releases involved in LTP
      like response induced by nicotine were investigated by extracellularly recording
      the PS in the pyramidal cell layer in the hippocampal CA1 region in vitro. LTP
      like response induced by nicotine was blocked by mecamylamine (1 MUmol/L) or
      kappa-bungarotoxin (0.1 MUmol/L), but not by dihydro-beta-erythtroidine (DHbetaE,
      10 MUmol/L). Moreover, it was inhibited by propranolol (10 MUmol/L), but not by
      phentolamine (10 MUmol/L) or atropine (10 MUmol/L). The results suggest that
      noradrenaline release secondary to the activation of kappa-bungarotoxin-sensitive
      nAChRs participates in LTP-like response induced by nicotine in the hippocampal
      CA1 region.

PMID- 18157477
TI  - [Chronic blockade of angiotensin II type 1 receptor cannot completely prevent
      structural adaptation in vessels of simulated weightless rats].
AB  - Our previous studies suggest that the vascular local renin-angiotensin system (L
      RAS) plays a pivotal role in the region-specific vascular adaptation due to
      simulated weightlessness. The present study was designed to determine whether
      simulated weightlessness still induced adaptive changes in rat vessels when
      angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) was chronically blocked by the
      administration of losartan, and whether the expressions of key elements in the L
      RAS in the large arteries would change. Tail suspension for 4 weeks was used to
      simulate the physiological effect of weightlessness. The responses of the
      basilar, anterior tibial, carotid arteries and abdominal aorta were observed by
      morphometric technique with light microscopy. The expressions of angiotensinogen
      (AGT) and AT(1)R in the walls of common carotid artery and abdominal aorta were
      determined using immunohistochemical technique. The results showed that simulated
      weightlessness induced hypertrophy of the media of basilar artery and smooth
      muscle layers of carotid artery, but atrophic change in the anterior tibial
      artery and abdominal aorta. After 4 weeks of losartan treatment, all these
      arteries showed significant atrophic changes. However, simulated weightlessness
      still induced relative hypertrophy of the basilar artery and carotid artery and
      atrophy of the abdominal aorta when AT(1)R was blocked. After 4 weeks of
      simulated weightlessness, the expressions of AGT and AT(1)R were upregualted in
      the wall of carotid artery, but downregulated in the wall of abdominal aorta and
      perivascular tissues. Losartan decreased AGT and AT(1)R expressions only in the
      wall of abdominal aorta; whereas simulated weightlessness further decreased
      AT(1)R expression in the wall of abdominal aorta when AT(1)R was blocked. We
      conclude that simulated weightlessness for 4 weeks still induces structural
      changes and upregulates or downregulates the key elements in L-RAS in the large
      and medium-sized arteries from fore and hind body parts of rats when AT(1)R is
      blocked. The results suggest that the L-RAS in arterial tissue plays a pivotal
      role in these differential structural changes. However, there still exist other
      regulatory pathways to mediate the adaptive regulation of cerebral vessels when
      AT(1)R is blocked.

PMID- 18157478
TI  - [Concentration polarization of low density lipoprotein at the distal end of
      carotid stenosis promotes atherogenesis].
AB  - To test the hypothesis that concentration polarization of atherogenic lipids may
      occur in the arterial system and play an important role in localization of
      atherosclerosis, we simulated and measured in vitro the luminal surface
      concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in local stenosis at the distal
      end of carotid artery by number simulation and laser scanning confocal
      microscopy, then we designed carotid stenosis model to test the role of LDL
      concentration polarization in atherogenesis. The in vitro experiment showed that
      the luminal surface LDL concentration was higher than the bulk concentration as
      predicted by the concentration polarization theory. The relative luminal surface
      LDL concentration changed with the flow velocity and ratio of stenosis. The wall
      concentration of LDL was highest in the round tube with 40% stenosis at the same
      velocity, while the wall concentration of LDL was higher when Re was 250 than Re
      was 500 at the same extent of narrowness. The animal experiment also revealed
      that general atherogenic plaques obviously occurred at the distal end of local
      stenosis where concentration polarized. The results strongly support our
      hypothesis that concentration polarization of lipoproteins occurs in local
      stenosis at the distal end of carotid artery, and this in turn promotes the
      localization of atherosclerosis which develops in the arterial system.

PMID- 18157479
TI  - Electrophysiologic effects of 17beta-estradiol on pacemaker cells in sinoatrial
      nodes of rabbits.
AB  - To investigate the electrophysiological effects of 17beta-estradiol on pacemaker
      cells in sinoatrial (SA) nodes of rabbits and the underlying mechanism,
      intracellular microelectrode technique was used to record action potential (AP)
      in SA node cells of rabbits. The results showed that: (1) 17beta-estradiol (1,
      10, 100 MUmol/L) not only significantly decreased the amplitude of action
      potential (APA) and the maximal rate of depolarization (V(max)), but also
      decreased the velocity of diastolic (phase 4) depolarization (VDD) and rate of
      pacemaker firing (RPF) in a concentration-dependent manner. The AP duration at
      50% repolarization (APD(50)) and at 90% repolarization (APD(90)) were prolonged.
      But the maximal diastolic potential (MDP) was not affected. (2) Pretreatment with
      tamoxifen (10 MUmol/L), an inhibitor of estrogen receptor, did not block the
      electrophysiological effects of 17beta-estradiol (10 MUmol/L) on SA node cells.
      (3) Pretreatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 MUmol/L), a
      nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, completely abolished the
      electrophysiological effects of 17beta-estradiol (10 MUmol/L) on SA node cells.
      The results suggest that 17beta-estradiol inhibits the electrophysiological
      activity of pacemaker cells in SA nodes of rabbits in a concentration-dependent
      manner possibly through a non-genomic mechanism related with NO.

PMID- 18157480
TI  - [Depressed responsiveness of cardiomyocytes to isoproterenol in simulated
      weightlessness rats].
AB  - The present study aimed to observe the changes of contractile function and
      responsiveness to isoproterenol (ISO) in tail-suspended rat cardiomyocytes under
      simulated weightlessness condition. Tail-suspended rat model was used to simulate
      weightlessness on the ground. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly
      divided into the control and tail-suspended groups. After 4 weeks of suspension,
      the rats were injected with heparin (100 IU/100 g body weight, i.p.) and
      anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (40 mg/kg body weight). The hearts were
      removed and the aortas were cannulated rapidly. The cannulated hearts were
      mounted on a Langendorff perfusion apparatus and perfused with constant flow. The
      perfusion pressure was monitored. The hearts were digested by 0.08% collagenase I
      at 37 degrees C. The ventricular tissues were chopped and the single myocytes
      were dispersed gently by a wide-tipped pipette. The contractile function was
      measured in the Edge Detector system within 6 h after isolation. The length and
      width of cardiomyocytes were measured without electric stimulation. Contractile
      curves of the single cardiomyocytes were recorded at stimulation frequency of
      1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 Hz. To observe the responsiveness of cardiomyocytes to ISO, 1, 5
      and 10 nmol/L ISO in Kreb's solution was perfused at a stimulation frequency of
      2.0 Hz. The length and width of the left and right ventricular cardiomyocytes in
      tail-suspended group had little difference from that in the control group. The
      unloaded shortening amplitude increased as stimulation frequency elevated in both
      the control and tail-suspended groups. It was increased by (8.50+/-1.26)%,
      (9.00+/-1.38)%, (9.23+/-1.83)% in the left ventricular cardiomyocytes, and
      (9.80+/-2.48)%, (10.03+/-2.48)%, (10.28+/-2.27)% in the right ventricular
      cardiomyocytes in the control group at stimulation frequency of 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0
      Hz. Compared with that in the control group, the unloaded shortening amplitude
      decreased by 12.2% and 10.9% in the left ventricular cardiomycytes (P<0.05), and
      16.5% and 16.3% in the right ventricular cardiomyocytes (P<0.05) at stimulation
      frequency of 1.0 and 2.0 Hz in tail-suspended group. There was no significant
      difference in unloaded shortening amplitude at stimulation frequency of 4.0 Hz
      between the control and tail-suspended groups. Time to peak shortening (TPS) in
      tail-suspended group significantly reduced in both the left and right ventricular
      cardiomyocytes (P<0.05). Time from peak to 75% relaxation (TR(75)) in tail
      suspended group significantly prolonged in both the left and right ventricular
      cardiomyocytes (P<0.05). No significant differences in shortening and relaxation
      rate (+/-dL/dt(max)) were observed between the control and tail-suspended groups.
      The unloaded shortening amplitude increased by (10.63+/-0.83)%, (35.06+/-5.22)%
      and (71.64+/-6.83)% in the control cardiomyocytes, but increased by (5.75+/
      0.76)%, (23.97+/-4.50)% and (26.38+/-8.13)% in tail-suspended group during
      perfusion with 1, 5 and 10 nmol/L ISO (P<0.05, P<0.01). The unloaded shortening
      amplitude increased by (3.04+/-0.27)%, (9.81+/-2.66)% and (20.20+/-3.47)% in the
      control cardiomyocytes, but increased by (1.42+/-0.53)%, (3.83+/-1.71)% and
      (5.49+/-4.08)% in tail-suspended group during perfusion with 10, 50 and 100
      nmol/L forskolin (P<0.05). The results obtained suggest that the unloaded
      shortening amplitude and responsiveness to ISO decrease in rat cardiomyocytes
      after 4-week tail-suspension.

PMID- 18157481
TI  - [In vivo extracellular neural recording for the study of cortical plasticity].
AB  - Neural network plasticity is fundamental for learning and memory. Its abnormal
      change underlies some neural diseases. Measurement of the plasticity of cortex
      can help understand the mechanism of plasticity, and provide a quantitative way
      to observe the neural process of natural aging and neurodegenerative diseases,
      which may lead to a new approach for evaluation of anti-aging drugs and new
      medical treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, a systematic
      method was established based on whisker pairing (WP) experiment to measure the
      network plasticity in the barrel cortex in rat. WP experiment is a classical
      experiment to study the effect of innocuous bias of the flow of sensory activity
      from the whiskers for certain periods in awake and behaving rats on the receptive
      field organization in S1 barrel cortex neurons. In the experiment, one pair of
      adjacent whiskers D2 and D3 remained intact while others were being trimmed
      throughout a certain period. After that, receptive fields of single cells in the
      contralateral barrel were analyzed by post-stimulus time histogram after certain
      days of WP and compared with the controls. In the control group, response
      magnitudes to surrounding whiskers D1 and D3 deflection were not significantly
      different. However, after WP, a bias occurred in response to paired surrounding
      whisker D3 relative to the opposite trimmed surrounding whisker D1. In this
      study, by comparing the bias degree in rats in different groups after WP, a
      quantitative method was established to compare cortical plasticity. Example of
      corical plasticity comparison between adolescent and mature rats was employed in
      this paper to illustrate our method. The key techniques of this method such as
      the identification of D2 barrels, supragranular (L2-3) and barrel layer (L4) in
      real-time were described in details. The feasibility of this approach was further
      verified by compendious report of results and our previous study regarding
      cortical plasticity comparison between adolescent and mature rats.

PMID- 18157482
TI  - [An improved method for isolation of single atrial myocyte from human heart].
AB  - To approach the method of isolation of tolerant human atrial myocytes, single
      myocytes were isolated by modified procedure of enzymatic dissociation with
      protease (type XXIV) and collagenase (type V). L-type calcium channel current
      (I(Ca-L)), sodium current (I(Na)), transient outward potassium current (I(to1)),
      and inward rectifier potassium current (I(K1)) in isolated atrial myocytes were
      recorded by using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Single cardiocytes isolated
      by this method were smooth, well-striated and rod-shaped. The yields of
      recordable myocytes, which viable and calcium-tolerant for electrophysiological
      studies, were 50%-60% of the total isolated cells. Compared with other isolation
      methods, this method was simple and steady, but with yield of a great number of
      qualified myocytes. The currents recorded in these cells were functional and
      active. Our research suggests that the myocytes isolated by the described method
      in this paper have normal electrophysiological function and are appropriate for
      patch-clamp experiments.

PMID- 18157483
TI  - [Real-time measurement of noradrenaline release in central nervous system].
AB  - In order to investigate the central nervous mechanism and the diseases involved
      in catecholamine transmitter secretion, the dynamics of catecholamine release is
      studied in single cell, brain slice or in vivo. Noradrenaline is an important
      neurotransmitter and modulator in the central nervous system (CNS) and the
      peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the present paper, we first compared three
      real-time methods used to measure noradrenaline secretion in single cells
      (membrane capacitance, amperometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging).
      Compared to the electrophysiological method and fluorescence microscopy, the
      basic usage of the carbon fiber electrode (CFE) in neuroscience research was
      presented as an example. Then, we presented a primary description of ion
      channels, including voltage-gated Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+) channels in locus
      coeruleus (LC) neurons in rat brain slices. Finally, we presented example
      recordings of combined patch-clamp and amperometry measurements in LC neurons,
      indicating Ca(2+)-dependent quantal noradrenaline release following Ca(2+) influx
      through Ca(2+) channels.

PMID- 18157484
TI  - The world's major religions' points of view on end-of-life decisions in the
      intensive care unit.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Recent research has shown that the religious affiliation of both
      physicians and patients markedly influences end-of-life decisions in the
      intensive care unit in the Western world. The world's major religions' standings
      on withholding and withdrawing of therapy, on hastening of the death process when
      providing pain relief (double effect) and on euthanasia are described. This
      review also discusses whether nutrition should be provided to patients in a
      permanent vegetative state, and the issues of brain death and organ donation.
      DESIGN: The review is based on literature research and a description of the
      legislature in countries where religious rulings do influence secular law.
      RESULTS: Not all religions have distinct rulings on all the above-mentioned
      issues, but it is pointed out that all religions will probably have to develop
      rulings on these questions. The importance of patient autonomy in the Western
      (Christian) world is not necessarily an issue among other ethnic and religious
      groups, and guidelines are presented with methods to uncover and deal with
      different ethnic and religious views. CONCLUSION: Many religious groupings are
      now spread world-wide (most notably Muslims), and with increasing globalization
      it is important that health-care systems take into account the religious beliefs
      of a wide variety of ethnic and religious groups when contemplating end-of-life
      decisions.

PMID- 18157485
TI  - Acetylcysteine and enzymatic creatinine: beware of laboratory artefact!

PMID- 18157486
TI  - Performance-based functional outcome for children 12 years or younger following
      anterior cruciate ligament injury: a two to nine-year follow-up study.
AB  - There is limited scientific knowledge on ACL injuries in children 12 years or
      younger. Substantial controversy exists on treatment algorithms and there are no
      published data on performance-based functional outcome. Classification of adult
      ACL injured subjects as copers and non-copers is common, but no study has
      classified knee function in children using performance-based functional test
      after ACL injury. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the medium-term
      functional outcome among children with ACL injury and to classify them as copers
      and non-copers. Children 12 years or younger who were referred to our institution
      from 1996 to 2004 with an ACL injury were included. Twenty non-operated subjects
      (21 knees) and six ACL reconstructed subjects (7 knees) were examined at a
      minimum of 2 years after ACL injury or reconstruction. Four single-legged hop
      tests, isokinetic muscle strength measurements, and three functional
      questionnaires (IKDC 2000, KOS-ADLS and Lysholm) were used as outcome
      measurements. Children who had resumed their pre-injury activity level and
      performed above 90% on all hop tests were classified as copers following non
      operative treatment and ACL reconstruction. The 26 children were on average 10.1
      years at the time of injury. Of the non-operated children, 65% had returned to
      pre-injury activity level, and 50% were classified as copers. Copers scored
      significantly better than non-copers on single hop for distance, IKDC 2000, and
      Lysholm score. Of the non-operated children, 9.5% had suffered a secondary
      meniscus injury. Of the ACL reconstructed subjects, 67% were classified as copers
      at follow-up. Non-operated ACL-deficient children demonstrated excellent knee
      function on performance-based single-legged hop tests and 65% had returned to pre
      injury activity level. Delayed ACL reconstruction resulted in success for a
      majority of the ACL-reconstructed children. Treatment algorithms for ACL-injured
      children are discussed.

PMID- 18157487
TI  - Patients' perspective on controversial issues in total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - We investigated the level of patient knowledge and preferences over the currently
      controversial issues in TKA. One hundred patients who had decided to undergo TKA
      for advanced osteoarthritis were asked to complete a questionnaire inquiring
      their knowledge and preferences over three controversial issues: (1) computer
      assisted surgery (CAS), (2) minimal invasive surgery (MIS), and (3) ceramic
      femoral component. The patient preferences over the three issues were questioned
      again after they had been informed of advantages and disadvantages of each option
      using an explanatory document. Most (more than 75%) of the patients did not have
      sufficient knowledge and their knowledge was based on non-professional sources
      (more than 85%). Before the information was given, most (more than 80%) of the
      patients preferred a new option. After the information was provided, more
      patients preferred a standard option in the issues of CAS (60%) and MIS (88%).
      This study prompts health care providers to become more active in providing
      accurate information and to consider patients perspective in making decisions
      which will influence the benefits and risk of the patients.

PMID- 18157488
TI  - Arthroscopic fixation of anterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fractures
      using bioabsorbable suture anchors.
AB  - This article describes a new technique for the arthroscopic reduction and
      fixation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial avulsion fractures using
      bioabsorbable suture anchors. This described technique requires the use of
      anterolateral, anteromedial, medial mid-patellar, and lateral mid-patellar
      portals. A suture hook loaded with No. 2 polydioxanone (PDS) was used to pierce
      the ACL through the anteromedial or anterolateral portal, and bioabsorbable
      suture anchors were inserted through the medial and lateral mid-patellar portals.
      The five patients treated using this technique were evaluated at 1 year
      postoperatively. All patients showed bony union without anterior laxity or
      flexion contracture. The described technique provides firm fixation of fracture
      fragment and can be used in both skeletally immature and mature patients.

PMID- 18157489
TI  - Contributory factors to the results of gravity-assisted pivot-shift test for
      anterior cruciate ligament injury: the significance of muscle torque around the
      knee.
AB  - Gravity-assisted pivot-shift (GAPS) test is a newly advocated test for anterior
      cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. It induces anterolateral rotatory instability
      with valgus stress to the knee applied by gravitational force during patient's
      active knee motion. We investigated prospectively the relationships between the
      results of the GAPS test and the possible contributory factors and sought to
      clarify the determinant factors of the GAPS test. A total of 54 knee joints of 54
      patients with unilateral ACL injury (29 males, 25 females, average 23.4 +/- 9.0
      years old) were enrolled in this study and were divided into two groups, i.e.,
      positive GAPS test group and negative GAPS test group. Muscle torque around the
      knee joints measured before surgery, configuration of the femoral condyle and
      tibial posterior slope angle measured on lateral radiograph, and other clinical
      factors were compared between the two groups using Mann-Whitney U test or chi
      square test. According to the results of these analyses, factors having a
      statistically significant difference were additionally evaluated using multiple
      logistic regression analysis to reveal items with strong relevance to a positive
      GAPS test. The results of the multiple logistic regression analysis showed that
      the flexor/extensor peak torque ratio of contralateral uninjured knees and sex
      had a significant correlation with the results of the GAPS test. The relatively
      less flexor muscle torque compared with extensor muscle torque, and being a
      female patient were considered to be the determinant factors of a positive GAPS
      test.

PMID- 18157490
TI  - ACL reconstruction using the Rigidfix femoral fixation device via the
      anteromedial portal: a cadaver study to evaluate chondral injuries.
AB  - The aim of this anatomic descriptive cadaver study is to evaluate the entrance
      points of cross-pins and the possible chondral damages, using a two cross-pin
      femoral fixation device via anteromedial portal, during anterior cruciate
      ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Twenty fresh-frozen cadaver knees (12 cadavers)
      were tested. We employed the Rigidfix Cross Pin device (Mitek, Norwood, MA),
      designed to use two biodegradable pins (PLA, length 42 mm, diameter 2.7 mm).
      Instead of PLA pins, we used color coded metallic pins. Femoral tunnel drilling
      and cross-pin guide insertions were performed through the anteromedial portal. We
      gave three positions to the cross-pin guide: 0 degrees , 45 degrees and 90
      degrees slope, referring to the horizontal plane. Per each position, we inserted
      two metallic pins. We recorded and subdivided the pin holes, in three different
      groups: Group A (0 degrees ); B (45 degrees ); C (90 degrees of slope). Then a
      wide dissection has been implemented. Group A: 6 knees (30%) had two pins inside
      the cartilage of the lateral femoral condyle; 10 knees (50%) had one pin inside
      the cartilage; and 4 knees (20%) had both pins out of the cartilage. Group B: 7
      knees (35%) had two pins inside the cartilage; 12 knees (60%) had one pin inside
      the cartilage; and one knee (5%) had both pins out of the cartilage. Group C: 7
      knees (35%) had two pins inside the cartilage; and 13 knees (65%) had one pin
      inside the cartilage. The risk of chondral injury, using this technique, is high:
      from 80% (group A) to 100% (Group C) to have at least one pin inside the
      cartilage. The use of Rigidfix via AM portal is not recommended for routine ACL
      reconstruction.

PMID- 18157491
TI  - Ultrasound measurement of rotator cuff thickness and acromio-humeral distance in
      the diagnosis of subacromial impingement syndrome of the shoulder.
AB  - The usefulness of ultrasound measurements in the diagnosis of the subacromial
      impingement syndrome of the shoulder was evaluated. Fifty-seven patients with
      unilateral symptoms of the impingement syndrome underwent ultrasound examination
      of both shoulder joints, which included assessment of rotator cuff integrity,
      measurement of rotator cuff thickness and the distance between the infero-lateral
      edge of acromion and the apex of the greater tuberosity of humerus (AGT distance)
      in the standard ultrasonographic positions. As a control group, 36 volunteers (72
      shoulders) with no history of shoulder pain were examined sonographically.
      Ultrasonographic assessment of humeral head elevation, measured as the AGT
      distance, proved to be useful in establishing the diagnosis of the subacromial
      impingement syndrome of the shoulder. A difference in rotator cuff thickness of
      more than 1.1 mm and a difference in the AGT distance of more than 2.1 mm between
      both shoulder joints may reflect dysfunction of rotator cuff muscles.

PMID- 18157492
TI  - The anterior surface of the femur as a new landmark for femoral component
      rotation in total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - Femoral component rotation is very important in avoiding complications and
      maximizing knee function following total knee arthroplasty. There is continuing
      debate over the most accurate axis to select intraoperatively to obtain the best
      results. There is considerable doubt over the ability of commonly used bony
      landmarks to produce a line parallel to the flexion-extension axis of the femur,
      either due to anatomical variation or due to poor reproducibility of the axes.
      Computer navigation was used to accurately measure the relative rotation
      indicated intraoperatively between bony landmarks, including a previously
      uninvestigated axis on the anterior surface of the femur. Measurements were taken
      during 193 total knee arthroplasties. There was a significant association between
      the Whiteside's Line and the axis on the anterior surface of the femur. The
      Posterior Condlylar Axis was extremely variable when compared with the other
      measurements, with a wide range centered on a mean value of 4.1 degrees
      internally rotated to the perpendicular of Whiteside's Line. There were
      significant differences in both the Posterior Condylar Axis and Anterior Femoral
      Axis when comparing varus and valgus knees. The Posterior Condylar Axis was shown
      to be an inconsistent measurement in comparison to other bony landmarks,
      particularly in valgus knees. The strong correlation between the Whiteside's Line
      and the Anterior Femoral Axis raises the possibility that the Anterior Femoral
      Axis maybe a useful landmark in identifying correct femoral component rotation.

PMID- 18157493
TI  - Improved accuracy of component alignment with the implementation of image-free
      navigation in total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - Accuracy of implant positioning and reconstruction of the mechanical leg axis are
      major requirements for achieving good long-term results in total knee
      arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether
      image-free computer navigation technology has the potential to improve the
      accuracy of component alignment in TKA cohorts of experienced surgeons
      immediately and constantly. One hundred patients with primary arthritis of the
      knee underwent the unilateral total knee arthroplasty. The cohort of 50 TKAs
      implanted with conventional instrumentation was directly followed by the cohort
      of the very first 50 computer-assisted TKAs. All surgeries were performed by two
      senior surgeons. All patients received the Zimmer NexGen total knee prosthesis
      (Zimmer Inc., Warsaw, IN, USA). There was no variability regarding surgeons or
      surgical technique, except for the use of the navigation system (StealthStation)
      Treon plus Medtronic Inc., Minnesota, MI, USA). Accuracy of implant positioning
      was measured on postoperative long-leg standing radiographs and standard lateral
      X-rays with regard to the valgus angle and the coronal and sagittal component
      angles. In addition, preoperative deformities of the mechanical leg axis,
      tourniquet time, age, and gender were correlated. Statistical analyses were
      performed using the SPSS 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software package.
      Independent t-tests were used, with significance set at P < 0.05 (two-tailed) to
      compare differences in mean angular values and frontal mechanical alignment
      between the two cohorts. To compute the rate of optimally implanted prostheses
      between the two groups we used the chi(2) test. The average postoperative
      radiological frontal mechanical alignment was 1.88 degrees of varus (range 6.1
      degrees of valgus-10.1 degrees of varus; SD 3.68 degrees ) in the conventional
      cohort and 0.28 degrees of varus (range 3.7 degrees -6.0 degrees of varus; SD
      1.97 degrees ) in the navigated cohort. Including all criteria for optimal
      implant alignment, 16 cases (32%) in the conventional cohort and 31 cases (62%)
      in the navigated cohort have been implanted optimally. The average difference in
      tourniquet time was modest with additional 12.9 min in the navigated cohort
      compared to the conventional cohort. Our findings suggest that the experienced
      knee surgeons can improve immediately and constantly the accuracy of component
      orientation using an image-free computer-assisted navigation system in TKA. The
      computer-assisted technology has shown to be easy to use, safe, and efficient in
      routine knee replacement surgery. We believe that navigation is a key technology
      for various current and future surgical alignment topics and minimal-invasive
      lower limb surgery.

PMID- 18157494
TI  - Selective embolization of the superior vesical artery for the treatment of a
      severe retroperitoneal pelvic haemorrhage following Endo-Stitch sacrospinous
      colpopexy.
AB  - Pelvic haemorrhage is a rare but important complication that may follow
      sacrospinous fixation of the vaginal vault. When such complication occurs,
      packing and clipping of the involved artery is often suggested as the first-line
      treatment, while arterial embolization is considered only after failure of
      surgery. In this report, we describe the successful super-selective embolization
      of a variant of the superior vesical artery in a patient who underwent Endo
      Stitch sacrospinous colpopexy. Based on our experience, we suggest that when a
      well-trained radiological staff is available, endovascular embolization is an
      effective and less invasive option.

PMID- 18157495
TI  - Primary antiphospholipid syndrome in Latin American mestizo patients: clinical
      and immunologic characteristics and comparison with European patients.
AB  - A great variety of clinical and immunological features have been described in
      patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), but information on their
      prevalence and characteristics in Latin American mestizo patients with the
      primary APS is scarce. To analyze the prevalence and characteristics of the main
      clinical and immunological manifestations in a cohort of patients with primary
      APS of mestizo origin from Latin America and to compare them with the European
      white patients, clinical and serological characteristics of 100 patients with
      primary APS from Colombia, Mexico, and Ecuador were collected in a protocol form
      that was identical to that used to study the "Euro-Phospholipid" cohort. The
      cohort consisted of 92 female patients (92.0%) and eight (8.0%) male patients.
      They were all mestizos. The most common manifestations were deep vein thrombosis
      (DVT; 23.0%), livedo reticularis (18.0%), migraine (18.0%), and stroke (18.0%).
      The most common pregnancy morbidity was early pregnancy losses (54.1% of
      pregnancies). Several clinical manifestations were more prevalent in the Latin
      American mestizo than in the European patients (transient global amnesia,
      pulmonary microthrombosis, arthralgias, and early pregnancy losses) and vice
      versa (DVT, stroke, pulmonary embolism, and thrombocytopenia). Latin American
      mestizo patients with primary APS have a wide variety of clinical and
      immunological manifestations with several differences in their prevalence in
      comparison with European white patients.

PMID- 18157496
TI  - Plasma cholinesterase levels and health symptoms in peruvian farm workers exposed
      to organophosphate pesticides.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine plasma cholinesterase (PChE) changes and
      the adverse health effects associated with chronic low-dose exposure to
      organophosphates (OPs) in a Peruvian agricultural population. A cross-sectional
      study with a clinical interview and blood tests was performed among 213 farm
      workers from two subtropical valleys in Peru. The control group consisted of 78
      nonexposed workers from the same areas. PChE levels from the two exposed
      subgroups (pesticide applicators and other agricultural jobs) were significantly
      lower than those of controls (1554 +/- 315 U/l, 1532 +/- 340 U/l, and 1787 +/-
      275 U/l, respectively). Fifteen percent of the exposed population reported a past
      poisoning by pesticides, all of them needing medical evaluation and treatment.
      They had significantly lower PChE levels as compared to those without this
      antecedent. Approximately 61% of the exposed workers reported pesticide-related
      symptoms, but no significant difference was found in their PChE as compared to
      workers without symptoms. On the other hand, the use of personal protective
      equipment (PPE) was significantly associated with higher PChE levels and with a
      lower risk of reporting pesticide-related symptoms, which supports the benefit
      from using appropriate protective measures. In conclusion, data indicate that
      farm workers exposed to OPs in developing countries need to be monitored by means
      of PChE and an examination of their clinical status, which would allow
      identification of farm workers most at risk from pesticide toxicity. The use of
      correct PPE is highly recommended.

PMID- 18157497
TI  - Activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against CML28-bearing tumors by dendritic
      cells transduced with a recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding the CML28
      gene.
AB  - Induction of anti-tumor immune responses by dendritic cells (DCs) transduced with
      a recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 (rAAV2) encoding tumor antigens is
      considered a promising approach for cancer vaccine development. CML28, a novel
      antigen with the properties of cancer/ testis (CT) antigens, is an attractive
      target for antigen-specific immunotherapy. Here we investigated the feasibility
      of inducing CML28-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses using DCs
      transduced with the rAAV2 vectors containing the CML28 gene (rAAV/CML28). Using
      an adenovirus-free packaging system, rAAV/CML28 was generated. The transduction
      efficiency of rAAV/CML28 in DCs increased in a multiplicity of infection (MOI)
      dependent manner. The rAAV/CML28 transduction did not impair DC maturation, but
      even enhanced the CD80 expression. The rAAV/CML28-transduced DCs induced CML28
      specific CTLs which exhibited a MHC class I-mediated antigen-specific lytic
      activity against CML28-bearing tumor cell lines (HepG2 and MCF-7) as well as the
      primary leukemia blasts. These findings suggest that rAAV/CML28-transduced DCs
      vaccine may serve as a feasible approach for the treatment of CML28-associated
      cancers.

PMID- 18157498
TI  - An investigation of the fine structure, cell surface carbohydrates, and appeal of
      the diatom Extubocellulus sp. as prey for small flagellates.
AB  - The fine structure and surface exopolymers of a coastal planktonic nanodiatom of
      the sparsely reported genus Extubocellulus were studied respectively by scanning
      electron microscopy and confocal microscopy in conjunction with fluorescent
      lectins. Monitoring the suitability of the species as prey food for other
      protists was also investigated by video microscopy coupled with digital film.
      Cells are rectangular in girdle view, with a pervalvar axis longer than the
      apical axis. Valves are almost circular with a diameter of 2.8 to 3.6 microm. The
      valve face bears randomly distributed areolae (ca. 50 in 10 microm), which may be
      either open or occluded. Two small raised ocelluli occur at the apices, with a
      rim devoid of perforations and about 6-7 porelli. Glucose and N-acetyl
      glucosamine moieties present on the surface of the live diatom were labelled with
      fluorescent lectins, and a differential pattern of distribution for both
      carbohydrates was observed. The potential role of fluorescent lectins as cellular
      probes of taxonomic value in small diatoms is compared with that of nucleotide
      and antibody probes. We provide the first illustrative evidence of the presence
      of Extubocellulus sp. in the cytoplasm of the nanoflagellate Goniomonas amphinema
      and of the egestion of diatom frustules. Results obtained are discussed in the
      light of the present knowledge of the role of carbohydrate-protein interactions
      in phagocytosis of prey by free-living protozoa.

PMID- 18157499
TI  - Relationships between transcription, silver staining, and chromatin organization
      of nucleolar organizers in Secale cereale.
AB  - The nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are composed of hundreds of rRNA genes,
      typically spanning several megabases. Cytologically, NORs include regions that
      are highly condensed and regions that are decondensed, the latter corresponding
      to regions at which associated proteins stain intensively with silver (Ag-NORs)
      and where active rRNA gene transcription is thought to occur. To test the
      relationship between rRNA gene activity, NOR silver staining, and rDNA (genes
      coding for rRNA) chromatin condensation, we used the DNA methyl-transferase
      inhibitor 5-azacytidine to evaluate the correlation between the epigenetic
      regulation of rRNA genes and NOR silver staining in the plant Secale cereale.
      Following 5-azacytidine treatment, we observed an increase in rRNA gene
      transcription as well as a reduction in the number of cells showing a significant
      difference in the size of the silver-stained domains in the two NORs. These
      transcriptional changes occurred concomitantly with an increase in nuclear and
      nucleolar size and were associated with the reallocation of most of the rDNA from
      perinucleolar heterochromatin into the nucleolus. Collectively, these results
      suggest that rRNA gene transcription, silver staining, and NOR decondensation are
      interrelated in S. cereale.

PMID- 18157500
TI  - Ultrastructural and biochemical analysis of a new mutation in Chlamydomonas
      reinhardtii affecting the central pair apparatus.
AB  - We present a new Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagellar mutant in which central pair
      projections are missing and the central pair microtubules are twisted along the
      length of the flagellum. We have named this mutant tcp1 for twisted central pair.
      Immunoblots using an antibody that recognizes the heavy chain of sea urchin
      kinesin reveal that a 70 kDa protein present in wild-type and pf18 (central
      pairless) axonemes is absent in tcp1, suggesting the presence of an
      uncharacterized kinesin associated with the central pair apparatus. We
      demonstrate that the kinesin-like protein Klp1 is not attached to central pair
      microtubules in tcp1, but rather is located in, or is part of, a region we have
      termed the internal axonemal matrix. It is proposed that this matrix acts as a
      scaffold for axonemal proteins that may also be associated with the central pair
      apparatus.

PMID- 18157502
TI  - Characterization of three putative Lon proteases of Thermus thermophilus HB27 and
      use of their defective mutants as hosts for production of heterologous proteins.
AB  - In the genome of a thermophilic bacterium, Thermus thermophilus HB27, three
      genes, TTC0418, TTC0746 and TTC1975, were annotated as ATP-dependent protease La
      (Lon). Sequence comparisons indicated that TTC0418 and TTC0746 showed significant
      similarities to bacterial LonA-type proteases, such as Escherichia coli Lon
      protease, especially in regions corresponding to domains for ATP-binding and
      hydrolysis, and for proteolysis, but TTC1975 exhibited a similarity only at the C
      terminal proteolytic domain. The enzymatic analyses, using purified recombinant
      proteins produced by E. coli, revealed that TTC0418 and TTC0746 exhibited
      peptidase and protease activities against two synthetic peptides and casein,
      respectively, in an ATP-dependent manner, and at the same time, both the enzymes
      had significant ATPase activities in the presence of substrates. On the other
      hand, TTC1975 possessed a protease activity against casein, but addition of ATP
      did not enhance this activity. Moreover, a T. thermophilus mutant deficient in
      both TTC0418 and TTC0746 showed a similar growth characteristic to an E. coli lon
      mutant, i.e., a growth defect lag after a nutritional downshift. These results
      indicate that TTC0418 and TTC0746 are actually members of bacterial LonA-type
      proteases with different substrate specificities, whereas TTC1975 should not be
      classified as a Lon protease. Finally, the effects of mutations deficient in
      these proteases were assessed on production of several heterologous gene products
      from Pyrococcus horikoshii and Geobacillus stearothermophilus. It was shown that
      TTC0746 mutation was more effective in improving production than the other two
      mutations, especially for production of P. horikoshii alpha-mannosidase and G.
      stearothermophilus alpha-amylase, indicating that the TTC0746 mutant of T.
      thermophilus HB27 may be useful for production of heterologous proteins from
      thermophiles and hyperthermophiles.

PMID- 18157503
TI  - Effect of growth temperature on ether lipid biochemistry in Archaeoglobus
      fulgidus.
AB  - The archaea are distinguished by their unique isoprenoid ether lipids, which
      typically consist of the sn-2,3-diphytanylglycerol diether or sn-2,3
      dibiphytanyldiglycerol tetraether core modified with a variety of polar
      headgroups. However, many hyperthermophilic archaea also synthesize tetraether
      lipids with up to four pentacyclic rings per 40-carbon chain, presumably to
      improve membrane thermal stability at temperatures up to approximately 110
      degrees C. This study aimed to correlate the ratio of tetraether to diether core
      lipid, as well as the presence of pentacyclic groups in tetraether lipids, with
      growth temperature for the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus.
      Analysis of the membrane core lipids of A. fulgidus using APCI-MS analysis
      revealed that the tetraether-to-diether lipid ratio increases from 0.3 +/- 0.1
      for cultures grown at 70 degrees C to 0.9 +/- 0.1 for cultures grown at 89
      degrees C. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) followed by APCI-MS analysis provided
      evidence for no more than one pentacycle in the hydrocarbon chains of tetraether
      lipid from cultures grown at 70 degrees C and up to 2 pentacycles in the
      tetraether lipid from cultures grown at higher temperatures. Analysis of the
      polar lipid extract using TLC and negative-ion ESI-MS suggested the presence of
      diether and tetraether phospholipids with inositol, glycosyl, and ethanolamine
      headgroup chemistry.

PMID- 18157504
TI  - Clinical ethics and confidentiality: opinions of experts and ethics committees.

PMID- 18157505
TI  - Greater patient, family and surrogate involvement in clinical ethics
      consultation: the model of clinical ethics liaison service as a measure for
      preventive ethics.

PMID- 18157506
TI  - Sodium selenite enhances glutathione peroxidase activity and DNA strand breaks in
      hepatoma induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine and promoted by phenobarbital.
AB  - An element/compound that acts as an antioxidant as well as, can increase the
      oxidative stress offers a new approach in differentiation therapy. Experiments
      were carried out to determine the effect of selenite on DNA damage and
      glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) induced,
      phenobarbital promoted rat hepatoma. Supra-nutritional level of selenite (4 ppm)
      was supplemented at either, before-initiation/after-initiation and/or during
      entire period of the study. At the end of experiment period (20 weeks), extent of
      DNA damage (alkaline comet assay), selenium concentration, and GPx activity were
      assessed on nodular tissue (NL) cells, surrounding liver (SL) cells, and whole
      liver tissue (control) cells. Hepatic selenium level and GPx activity were
      decreased in DEN and PB-administered animals, whereas the DNA damage was found to
      be increased in both NL and SL cells compared with control group. However, the
      DNA damage is more in SL cells than in NL cells. Pre-supplementation of selenite
      did not show any difference in DNA (strand breaks) damage, selenium, and GPx
      activity. Increased hepatic selenium concentration and GPx activity were observed
      in both NL and SL cells in post-supplementation and entire period of selenite
      supplemented animals compared to DEN + PB treated animals. However, DNA damage
      was increased in NL but decreased in SL cells. Supplementation of selenite alone
      for 16 or 20 weeks had shown increased DNA damage, selenium concentration, and
      GPx activity compared to normal control animals. In summary, cancer bearing
      animals increased DNA damage and decreased Se level and GPx activity in NL and SL
      cells and other organs in cancer bearing animals, supplementation of Se further
      provoked DNA damage (no change in pretreatment) in NL cells, however it decreased
      DNA damage SL cells and other organs (kidney, lungs, and spleen). On the other
      hand Se levels and GPx activity were increased in NL and SL cells and other
      organs of Se-supplemented rats (no difference in group 3 animals). These results
      demonstrate that, in addition to chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic role of
      selenite, it also prevents cellular DNA damage induced in cancerous condition.

PMID- 18157507
TI  - Surface energy of hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramics driving
      serum protein adsorption and osteoblast adhesion.
AB  - The main objective of this work was to evaluate the specific role of calcium
      phosphates surface energy on serum protein adsorption and human osteoblast
      adhesion, by isolating chemical effects from those caused by topography. Highly
      dense phosphate ceramics (single-phase hydroxyapatite HA and beta-tricalcium
      phosphates beta-TCP) presenting two distinct nano roughnesses were produced. Some
      samples were gold-sputter coated in order to conveniently mask the surface
      chemical effects (without modification of the original roughness) and to study
      the isolated effect of surface topography on cellular behavior. The results
      indicated that the nano topography of calcium phosphates strongly affected the
      protein adsorption process, being more important than surface chemistry. The
      seeding efficacy of osteoblasts was not affected nor by the topography neither by
      the calcium phosphate chemistries but the beta-TCP chemistry negatively
      influenced cell spreading. We observed that surface hydrophobicity is another way
      to change protein adsorption on surfaces. The decrease of the polar component of
      surface energy on gold-coated samples leaded to a decreased albumin and
      fibronectin adsorption but to an increased cell adhesion. Overall, this work
      contributes to better understand the role of topography and surface chemistry of
      calcium phosphates in serum protein adsorption and osteoblast adhesion.

PMID- 18157508
TI  - Biological control of apatite growth in simulated body fluid and human blood
      serum.
AB  - The surface transformation reactions of bioactive ceramics were studied in vitro
      in standard K9-SBF solution and in human blood serum (HBS)-containing simulated
      body fluid (SBF). The calcium phosphate ceramics used for this study were
      stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and
      brushite. Immersion of each calcium phosphate tested in this study, in simulated
      body fluid, led to immediate surface precipitation of apatite. The use of HBS
      resulted in a delay in the onset of precipitation and a significant inhibition of
      the dissolution reaction normally observed for brushite in solution. However,
      apatite formation still occurred. The use of HBS and SBF in this investigation,
      which has shown the ability to induce similar crystal growth as that observed in
      vivo, suggests that there is scope for the use of serum proteins in simulated
      body fluid in order to create a protein-rich surface coating on biomedical
      substrates.

PMID- 18157509
TI  - Effects of human hair and nail proteins and their films on rat mast cells.
AB  - Human hair and nail are valuable materials for producing individual corresponding
      biocompatible materials. A rapid and convenient protein extraction method
      (Shindai method) and novel procedures for preparing their protein films from
      their extracts have been developed using human hair and nail. The effects of the
      human hair and nail proteins and their films on histamine release from rat
      peritoneal mast cells were investigated. Both protein solutions and their films,
      mainly consisting of keratins and matrix proteins, did not induce histamine
      release from the mast cells. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also showed that
      the mast cells were only slightly affected by adding the human hair and nail
      proteins or by incubating on their protein films. The IgE-dependent histamine
      release was inhibited by the hair and nail proteins and their films. Incubation
      of the mast cells with the hair and nail proteins prior to the addition of the
      IgE serum resulted in a high inhibition (50%) of the histamine release, while the
      inhibition was approximately 10% when the protein solutions were mixed with the
      mast cells after incubation with the IgE serum. These results suggest that the
      human hair and nail proteins and their films will be useful materials for
      antiallergic actions.

PMID- 18157510
TI  - Mechanical properties of human enamel as a function of age and location in the
      tooth.
AB  - Aging and the related changes in mechanical behavior of hard tissues of the human
      body are becoming increasingly important. In this study the influence of aging on
      the mechanical behavior of human enamel was evaluated using 3rd molars from young
      (18 < or = age < or = 30 years) and old (55 < or = age) patients. The hardness
      and elastic modulus were quantified using nanoindentation as a function of
      distance from the Dentin-Enamel Junction (DEJ) and within three different regions
      of the crown (i.e. cervical, cuspal and inter-cuspal enamel). Results of the
      evaluation showed that the elastic modulus and hardness increased with distance
      from the DEJ in all three regions examined, regardless of patient age. The
      largest increases with distance from the DEJ occurred within the cervical region
      of the old enamel. Overall, the results showed that there were no age-dependent
      differences in properties of enamel near the DEJ. However, near the tooth's
      surface, both the hardness (p < 0.025) and elastic modulus (p < 0.0001) were
      significantly greater in the old enamel. At the surface of the tooth the average
      elastic modulus of "old" enamel was nearly 20% greater than that of enamel from
      the young patients.

PMID- 18157511
TI  - Sonoelectrochemical deposition of calcium phosphates on carbon materials: effect
      of current density.
AB  - Calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings on carbon fabric substrate were produced by
      sonoelectrodeposition at different current densities (5, 8, 13, 20 and 34
      mA/cm2). The surface morphology and chemical composition of the coatings were
      characterized by SEM, Raman and FTIR spectra. The results showed that at 5 mA/cm2
      current density, the coating exhibits plate-like morphology, indicating an
      octacalcium phosphate (OCP) phase was pre-formed in the deposits and then
      converted into hydroxyapatite (HA). When the current density was increased to 8
      mA/cm2 and higher, the coatings exhibited needle-like morphology corresponding to
      a HA phase. Furthermore, the sonoelectrodeposited CaP coating exhibited denser
      and more uniform structures with smaller crystal sizes as the current density
      increased. Cathodic reaction mechanisms of CaP coatings on carbon in the
      sonoelectrochemical processes are proposed to explain the different kinds of
      calcium phosphate obtained.

PMID- 18157512
TI  - Functionally graded bioactive glass coating on magnesia partially stabilized
      zirconia (Mg-PSZ) for enhanced biocompatibility.
AB  - The coating of magnesia partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) with a bioactive
      glass was investigated for enhancing the bioactivity and bone-bonding ability of
      Mg-PSZ orthopedic implants. Individual coatings of three different bioactive
      glasses were prepared by depositing a concentrated suspension of the glass
      particles on Mg-PSZ substrates, followed by sintering at temperatures between 750
      degrees C and 850 degrees C. Two silicate-based glass compositions (designated 13
      93 and 6P68), and a borosilicate glass composition (H12) were investigated. The
      microstructure and adhesive strength of the coatings were characterized, and the
      in vitro bioactivity of the glasses was compared by measuring their conversion
      kinetics to hydroxyapatite in an aqueous phosphate solution at 37 degrees C. The
      6P68 glass provided the highest adhesive strength (40 +/- 2 MPa) but showed very
      limited bioactivity, whereas the H12 glass had lower adhesive strength (18 +/- 2
      MPa) but the highest bioactivity. A functionally graded coating, consisting of a
      6P68 interfacial layer and an H12 surface layer, was developed to provide a
      coating with high adhesive strength coupled with rapid in vitro bioactivity.

PMID- 18157513
TI  - Skewed X-chromosome inactivation in scleroderma.
AB  - Scleroderma is a female-prevalent autoimmune disease of unclear etiology. Two
      fundamental gender differences, skewed X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) and
      pregnancy-related microchimerism, have been implicated in scleroderma. We
      investigated the XCI patterns of female scleroderma patients and the parental
      origin of the inactive X chromosome in those patients having skewed XCI patterns
      (>80%). In addition, we investigated whether a correlation exists between XCI
      patterns and microchimerism in a well-characterized cohort. About 195 female
      scleroderma patients and 160 female controls were analyzed for the androgen
      receptor locus to assess XCI patterns in the DNA extracted from peripheral blood
      cells. Skewed XCI was observed in 67 (44.9%) of 149 informative patients and in
      10 of 124 healthy controls (8.0%) [odds ratio (OR) = 9.3 (95% confidence interval
      (CI) 4.3-20.6, P < 0.0001)]. Extremely skewed XCI (>90%) was present in 44 of 149
      patients (29.5%) but only in 3 of 124 controls (2.4%; OR = 16.9; 95% CI 4.8-70.4,
      P < 0.0001). Parental origin of the inactive X chromosome was investigated for
      ten patients for whom maternal DNA was informative, and the inactive X chromosome
      was of maternal origin in eight patients and of paternal origin in two patients.
      Skewed XCI mosaicism could be considered as an important risk factor in
      scleroderma.

PMID- 18157514
TI  - Mutational analysis and overcoming imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid
      leukemia with novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

PMID- 18157515
TI  - Attitudes towards suicide among Kurdish people in Iran.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Attitudes towards suicide represent a key stage in the pathway
      leading to suicide. A deeper understanding of the social, psychological and
      treatment-related factors influencing the development of attitudes towards
      suicide could guide suicide prevention strategies especially in a neglected
      population like Kurds. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study in Iranian Kurdistan,
      1,000 households participated in the investigation from April to May 2006
      selected by a cluster random sampling process. A questionnaire on attitudes
      towards suicide (ATTS) was used to measure suicide related attitudes and
      thoughts. RESULTS: Suicide related experiences were more often reported from the
      wider social network (relative, friends, acquaintances) than from family members.
      There is a significant accumulation of suicide related experiences when a related
      event was reported in the close family. The level of suicide related attitudes is
      related to age, gender, marital status, level of education and employment status.
      DISCUSSION: Openness towards the topic of suicide as well as abilities to
      communicate about it should be improved by educating the public and additionally
      be promoted by changing conservative value systems.

PMID- 18157516
TI  - Distribution and excretion of arsenic in cynomolgus monkey following repeated
      administration of diphenylarsinic acid.
AB  - Diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA), a possible product of degradation of arsenic
      containing chemical weapons, was detected in well water in Kamisu City, Ibaraki
      Prefecture, Japan, in 2003. Although some individuals in this area have been
      affected by drinking DPAA-containing water, toxicological findings on DPAA are
      limited. To elucidate the mechanism of its toxicity, it is necessary to determine
      the metabolic behavior of DPAA in the body. In this study, pregnant cynomolgus
      monkeys at the 50th day of pregnancy were used. The monkeys were treated daily
      with 1.0 mg DPAA/kg body weight using a nasogastric tube, and the distribution
      and excretion of arsenic were examined after the repeated administration and 198
      237 days after the last administration of DPAA. Fecal excretion was higher than
      urinary excretion (ca. 3:2 ratio), and arsenic accumulated in the hair and
      erythrocytes. Distribution of DAPP to plasma and hemolyzed erythrocytes was also
      examined by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled argon
      plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP MS). Two peaks were found in the elution
      profile of arsenic, due to free and probably protein-bound DPAA. The protein
      bound arsenic compounds were presumably trivalent diphenylarsenic compounds,
      since free DPAA was recovered after treatment of heat-denatured samples with
      hydrogen peroxide.

PMID- 18157517
TI  - Behavioral impairments related to lead-induced developmental neurotoxicity in
      chicks.
AB  - Lead intoxication affects the central nervous system and produces structural
      disorders and behavioral deficits in several animal species. Although lead
      neurotoxicity is a well-reported phenomenon, studies on the developmental
      neurotoxicity induced by this metal in avian are scarce. The aim of this study
      was to evaluate how a single dose of 28 mug lead acetate administered into the
      yolk sac on the fifth incubation day of Gallus domesticus can affect the behavior
      and the brain tissue in the first postnatal week. Several behavioral tests,
      mainly those related to the motor and exploratory functions were evaluated at
      fifth and sixth postnatal days (PN). The lead deposition into mesencephalon and
      cerebellum was investigated by autometallography (AMG) method. Congenital
      anomalies, as failure on closure of body's ventral midline and leg dysfunction,
      were observed in treated chicks. During the first postnatal week, inactivity and
      anomalous movements were significantly high in lead treated chicks in comparison
      to control animals. Lead impregnation was observed in both mesencephalon and
      cerebellum and the cerebellar molecular layer presented higher lead deposition in
      comparison to granular layer and Purkinje cells. Our results indicate that the in
      ovo exposure to lead induces important deficits on motor behavior of chicks
      during the first postnatal week and such phenomena are related to lead deposition
      in the cerebellar tissue during embryonic development. The proposed exposure
      schedule represents an interesting experimental approach for studding behavioral
      and cellular mechanisms related to lead-induced developmental neurotoxicity.

PMID- 18157518
TI  - Vectorial transport of the plant alkaloid berberine by double-transfected cells
      expressing the human organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1, SLC22A1) and the efflux
      pump MDR1 P-glycoprotein (ABCB1).
AB  - An important function of hepatocytes is the biliary elimination of endogenous and
      xenobiotic small molecules, many of which are organic cations. To study this
      vectorial transport of organic cations, we constructed a double-transfected Madin
      Darby canine kidney strain II (MDCKII) cell line permanently expressing the human
      organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1, SLC22A1) in the basolateral membrane and MDR1
      P-glycoprotein (MDR1 P-gp, ABCB1), an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent
      efflux pump for organic cations, in the apical membrane. Additionally, MDCKII
      single transfectants stably expressing OCT1, MDR1 P-gp, or human organic cation
      transporter 2 (OCT2, SLC22A2) were generated. Antisera directed against OCT1 or
      OCT2 specifically detected OCT1 in the basolateral membrane of human hepatocytes,
      OCT2 in tubular epithelial cells of human kidney, and the respective recombinant
      transporter in the basolateral membrane of MDCKII transfectants. We identified
      the lipophilic organic cation berberine, a fluorescent plant alkaloid exhibiting
      a broad range of biological activities, as substrate of OCT1 and OCT2 with
      Michaelis-Menten constants of 14.8 microM and 4.4 microM, respectively. Berberine
      also inhibited the uptake of the prototypic cations tetraethylammonium and 1
      methyl-4-phenylpyridinium by MDCK-OCT1 and MDCK-OCT2 transfectants. When
      transfected cells were grown polarized on permeable filter supports, berberine
      was transferred from the basolateral to the apical compartments many times faster
      by MDCK-OCT1/MDR1 P-gp double transfectants than by MDCK-OCT1 or MDCK-MDR1 P-gp
      single transfectants. The specific MDR1 P-gp inhibitor, zosuquidar
      trihydrochloride (LY335979), strongly inhibited berberine efflux into the apical
      compartment. The MDCK-OCT1/MDR1 P-gp double transfectants may be useful to
      identify additional cationic substrates and inhibitors of OCT1 and MDR1 P-gp,
      including drug candidates.

PMID- 18157519
TI  - Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of
      intravenous and oral midazolam in healthy volunteers.
AB  - Animal and in vitro studies suggest that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can induce
      cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) expression and enhance its activities. On the other
      hand, Becquemont et al. demonstrated that UDCA had no influence on intestinal
      CYP3A activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of UDCA on
      the intestinal and hepatic CYP3A activities by administration of midazolam (MDZ),
      as a specific probe for CYP3A activity, in humans. This was a randomized, open
      label, crossover study with two phases in 14 healthy volunteers. The volunteers
      received UDCA (300 mg/day) or placebo orally for 9 days. The pharmacokinetics and
      pharmacodynamics of intravenous MDZ (5 microg/kg) and oral MDZ (15 microg/kg)
      were assessed on days 8 and 9, respectively. The pharmacodynamics of MDZ was
      estimated by measuring peak saccadic velocity, postural away length, critical
      fusion flicker frequency, and visual analogue scale. UDCA did not affect the
      pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of intravenous and oral MDZ
      administrations. Our study suggests that the clinical dosage of UDCA could not
      affect both hepatic and intestinal CYP3A activities and that the drug interaction
      between UDCA and substrates for CYP3A is unlikely in humans.

PMID- 18157520
TI  - Obituary: Dr Ann E. Kelley (1954-2007).

PMID- 18157523
TI  - Results of a European inter-laboratory comparison study on the determination of
      EU priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in edible vegetable oils.
AB  - A collaborative study on the analysis for 15 + 1 EU priority PAHs in edible oils
      was organised to investigate the state-of-the-art of respective analytical
      methods. Three spiked vegetable oils, one contaminated native sunflower oil, and
      one standard solution were investigated in this study. The results of 52
      laboratories using either high-performance liquid chromatography with
      fluorescence detection or gas chromatography with mass-selective detectors were
      evaluated by application of robust statistics. About 95% of the laboratories were
      able to quantify benzo[a]pyrene together with five other PAHs included in the
      commonly known list of 16 US-EPA PAHs. About 80% of the participants also
      quantified seven additional PAHs in most samples, two of which were
      benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene, which were also known from the EPA
      list. Only about 50% of the participants quantified cyclopenta[cd]pyrene,
      benzo[j]fluoranthene, and benzo[c]fluorene. The robust relative standard
      deviations of the submitted results without discrimination between the methods
      applied ranged between 100% for 5-methylchrysene in spiked olive oil and 11% for
      the same analyte in spiked sunflower oil. The results clearly showed that for
      these analytes the methods of analysis are not yet well established in European
      laboratories, and more collaborative trials are needed to promote further
      development and to improve the performances of the respective methods.

PMID- 18157522
TI  - Anticonvulsant and anxiolytic-like effects of compounds isolated from Polygala
      sabulosa (Polygalaceae) in rodents: in vitro and in vivo interactions with
      benzodiazepine binding sites.
AB  - RATIONALE: Polygala sabulosa, a folk medicine, presents dihydrostyryl-2-pyrones
      (DST) and styryl-2-pyrones (STY), compounds structurally similar to kavalactones.
      Our previous study showed that the ethyl acetate fraction (EA) and these
      constituents present anxiolytic-like, hypno-sedative, and anticonvulsant effects
      in mice. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the role of benzodiazepine binding
      site (BDZ-bs) in the central effects of either EA or three DST (1, 2, and 3) and
      three STY (4, 5, and 7), using in vivo and in vitro assays. METHODS AND RESULTS:
      In the elevated plus-maze (EPM), flumazenil (FMZ), a BDZ antagonist, partially
      blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of DST-3 or STY-4 and STY-7, but not DST-1.
      Using electroencephalogram (EEG), EA protected against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)
      induced convulsion in rats, an effect partially blocked by FMZ, suggesting the
      participation of the BDZ-bs in this action. EA also protected against the maximal
      electroshock (MES)-induced convulsions in mice, a profile distinct from diazepam
      (DZP). DST and STY compounds inhibited the [(3)H]-flunitrazepam ([(3)H]-FNZ)
      binding to BDZ-bs in rat cortical synaptosomes with K (i) higher than 100 microM
      (DST-1), 41.7 microM (DST-2), 35.8 microM (DST-3), 90.3 microM (STY-4), 31.0
      microM (STY-5) and 70.0 microM (STY-7). In the saturation assay, DST-3 and STY-7
      competitively inhibited the binding of [(3)H]-FNZ to BDZ-bs with a significant
      decrease in apparent affinity (K (d)) and no change in maximal binding (B (max)).
      CONCLUSIONS: The present data support a partial BDZ-bs mediation of the
      anxiolytic-like and anticonvulsant effects of EA of P. sabulosa and its main
      isolated constituents, DST and STY.

PMID- 18157521
TI  - Comparison of ethanol locomotor sensitization in adolescent and adult DBA/2J
      mice.
AB  - RATIONALE: The mammalian adolescent period is characterized by enhanced
      vulnerability to drug-induced neuroadaptations. Epidemiological evidence
      indicates that individuals who start drinking alcohol during adolescence are four
      times more likely to develop alcohol dependence in adulthood, but little is known
      about the adaptive mechanism(s) that may underlie this observation. Behavioral
      sensitization in rodents is a model of neurobehavioral plasticity that occurs
      following repeated drug exposure and may underlie components of addiction.
      OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine if adolescent mice are
      differentially sensitive to ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization as compared
      to adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adolescent and adult DBA/2J mice were treated
      with saline or ethanol (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 g/kg) for 7, 11, or 15 days and tested
      for acute and sensitized locomotor activity. Blood ethanol clearance (BEC) was
      also assessed 10, 60, and 180 min following treatment with ethanol 2 g/kg.
      RESULTS: Adolescent mice were more sensitive than adult mice to the acute
      locomotor activating effects of ethanol. However, adolescent mice were less
      sensitive than adult mice to locomotor sensitization, as only the highest dose of
      ethanol (2.5 g/kg) induced sensitization in the adolescent mice, while lower
      doses of ethanol elicited sensitization in the adult mice. The differential
      response to ethanol sensitization was not related to duration of treatment or
      differential BEC. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that adolescent mice are
      less sensitive to ethanol sensitization, and this blunted behavioral response in
      adolescents might reflect differential ethanol-induced neurobehavioral
      adaptations.

PMID- 18157524
TI  - Gold nanoparticles for the development of clinical diagnosis methods.
AB  - The impact of advances in nanotechnology is particularly relevant in
      biodiagnostics, where nanoparticle-based assays have been developed for specific
      detection of bioanalytes of clinical interest. Gold nanoparticles show easily
      tuned physical properties, including unique optical properties, robustness, and
      high surface areas, making them ideal candidates for developing biomarker
      platforms. Modulation of these physicochemical properties can be easily achieved
      by adequate synthetic strategies and give gold nanoparticles advantages over
      conventional detection methods currently used in clinical diagnostics. The
      surface of gold nanoparticles can be tailored by ligand functionalization to
      selectively bind biomarkers. Thiol-linking of DNA and chemical functionalization
      of gold nanoparticles for specific protein/antibody binding are the most common
      approaches. Simple and inexpensive methods based on these bio-nanoprobes were
      initially applied for detection of specific DNA sequences and are presently being
      expanded to clinical diagnosis. Figure Colorimetric DNA/RNA detection using salt
      induced aggregation of AuNP-DNA nanoprobes.

PMID- 18157525
TI  - Induction of CYP1A2 by heavy coffee consumption in Serbs and Swedes.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence of coffee consumption on CYP1A2 enzyme
      activity controlling for the effects of smoking and oral contraceptive (OC) use
      among Serbs and Swedes and to compare CYP1A2 activity between the two
      populations. METHODS: Data on oral contraceptive use, habitual coffee consumption
      and smoking habits were obtained from 100 Serbian and 149 Swedish healthy
      volunteers using a detailed questionnaire. CYP1A2 activity was estimated by
      plasma paraxanthine/caffeine (17X/137X) ratio analysed by reversed-phase HPLC
      after oral administration of 100 mg caffeine. RESULTS: Daily consumption of at
      least three cups of coffee significantly increased CYP1A2 enzyme activity in both
      Serbs (P=0.0002) and Swedes (P<0.0001). Among non-smokers and non-OC users, heavy
      coffee consumption significantly increased CYP1A2 activity in Serbs (mean
      difference 0.11; 95% CI of the mean difference 0.04, 0.18; P=0.003) and Swedes
      (mean difference 0.07; 95% CI of the mean difference 0.01, 0.12; P=0.02).
      Significantly higher 17X/137X ratio was detected in Serbian smokers compared to
      non-smokers. There was no significant gender difference in CYP1A2 activity in
      Serbs. Controlling for the effect of smoking, heavy coffee consumption habit and
      oral contraceptive use, significantly lower 17X/137X ratio was observed in Serbs
      than in Swedes (P=0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: Habitual heavy coffee consumption
      increases CYP1A2 activity. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed during
      roasting of coffee beans might partly be responsible for this effect. The reason
      for the observed lower CYP1A2 activity in Serbs as compared to Swedes remains to
      be investigated.

PMID- 18157526
TI  - Topical tacrolimus and pimecrolimus in the treatment of cutaneous lupus
      erythematosus: an evidence-based evaluation.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Lesions of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) are refractory to a
      wide range of topical or systemic therapies. The pathogenesis of CLE is
      multifactorial and polygenic, and many of its details remain unclear. However,
      immunologic evidence suggests the possible therapeutic use of tacrolimus and
      pimecrolimus. CLE is one of the most common dermatological autoimmune disorders
      worldwide, which includes systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with malar rash,
      subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) and discoid lupus erythematosus
      (DLE). OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine the efficacy of topical pimecrolimus
      and tacrolimus in the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. METHODS: The
      literature was systematically reviewed. Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane
      Database were searched for systemic reviews, randomised controlled trials and
      nonrandomised clinical trials using the search terms "pimecrolimus", "Elidel",
      "SDZ ASM 981", "tacrolimus", "Protopic", "FK506" and "cutaneous lupus
      erythematosus". Studies were assessed independently by two authors. RESULTS: Five
      studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Only one of them was a
      randomised controlled trial (RCT). There was no significant difference between
      tacrolimus and clobetasol; however, evidence indicates the highest tolerability
      of tacrolimus compared with corticosteroids. This review indicates the efficacy
      of tacrolimus and pimecrolimus in, at least initial, cutaneous lesions of SLE.
      However, in SCLE and DLE lesions, the efficacy appears to be lower, perhaps due
      to the chronicity of those lesions. CONCLUSION: The lack of RCTs is
      characteristic. Future studies should focus on efficacy, short- and long-term
      effects and cost-effectiveness. However, tacrolimus and pimecrolimus show
      efficacy, and such effort is worthwhile.

PMID- 18157527
TI  - PA2663 (PpyR) increases biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 through
      the psl operon and stimulates virulence and quorum-sensing phenotypes.
AB  - Previously, we identified the uncharacterized predicted membrane protein PA2663
      of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 as a virulence factor using a poplar tree model;
      PA2663 was induced in the poplar rhizosphere and, upon inactivation, it caused 20
      fold lower biofilm formation (Attila et al., Microb Biotechnol, 2008). Here, we
      confirmed that PA2663 is related to biofilm formation by restoring the wild-type
      phenotype by complementing the PA2663 mutation in trans and investigated the
      genetic basis of its influence on biofilm formation through whole-transcriptome
      and -phenotype studies. Upon inactivating PA2663 by transposon insertion, the psl
      operon that encodes a galactose- and mannose-rich exopolysaccharide was highly
      repressed (verified by RT-PCR). The inactivation of PA2663 also repressed 13
      pyoverdine genes, which eliminated the production of the virulence factor
      pyoverdine in P. aeruginosa. The inactivation of PA2663 also affected other
      quorum-sensing-related phenotypes in that it repressed the Pseudomonas quinolone
      signal (PQS) genes, which abolished PQS production, and repressed lasB, which
      decreased elastase activity sevenfold. Genes were also induced for motility and
      attachment (PA0499, PA0993, PA2130, and PA4549) and for small molecule transport
      (PA0326, PA1541, PA1632, PA1971, PA2214, PA2215, PA2678, and PA3407). Phenotype
      arrays also showed that PA2663 represses growth on D: -gluconic acid, D: 
      mannitol, and N-phthaloyl-L: -glutamic acid. Hence, the PA2663 gene product
      increases biofilm formation by increasing the psl-operon-derived
      exopolysaccharides and increases pyoverdine synthesis, PQS production, and
      elastase activity while reducing swarming and swimming motility. We speculate
      that PA2663 performs these myriad functions as a novel membrane sensor.

PMID- 18157528
TI  - Characterisation of mutagenised acid-resistant alpha-amylase expressed in
      Bacillus subtilis WB600.
AB  - Based on the original thermostable alpha-amylase gene from Bacillus
      licheniformis, two amino acids were site-directed mutagenised by polymerase chain
      reaction to obtain a new gene. This gene, with Leu134-->Arg and Ser320-->Ala, was
      substituted for acid-resistant capability previously. To favor purification of
      the product, high-level expression and secretion of mature, authentic and stable
      recombinant mutagenised alpha-amylase were achieved with protease-deficient
      strain Bacillus subtilis WB600 as the host. The recombinant mutagenised alpha
      amylase with the activity of 4,700 U/mL was then purified by ammonium sulphate
      fractionation, anion exchange and gel filtration, consecutively. By multi-step
      purification, the specific activity of the recombinant protein was up to 916.7
      U/mg with a 187.1-fold purification. The mutagenised protein was found to be more
      acid resistant than the native protein. The optimum pH and stable range of pH
      with the mutagenised protein was 4.5 and 4.0 to 6.5, respectively, compared with
      pH 6.5 and 5.5 to 7.0 as the favorite pH and pH stability range of the native
      protein.

PMID- 18157529
TI  - Temporal relation between temperature change and FDG uptake in brown adipose
      tissue.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: It has been reported that the prevalence of (18)F fluorodeoxyglucose
      (FDG) uptake in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is related to outdoor temperature,
      i.e., more frequent during the colder periods of the year. The purpose of this
      study was to assess the temporal relationship between BAT FDG uptake and
      temperature. We correlated the prevalence of BAT with average temperatures
      (divided into five temperature ranges) of seven different durations. METHODS: One
      thousand four hundred ninety-five consecutive FDG Positron emission tomography
      (PET) studies in 1,159 patients (566 male and 593 female, mean age = 60.4 years)
      were retrospectively reviewed. FDG uptake with distinct patterns compatible with
      BAT was identified by a consensus of two readers. The local daily average
      temperature from January 2000 to November 2003 (beginning 60 days before the date
      of first PET scan) were obtained, and 2-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 30-, and 60-day average
      temperatures before the date of a PET study were calculated. The prevalence of
      BAT FDG uptake was correlated with these various average temperatures. RESULTS:
      The daily, 2-day, 3-day, and 7-day average temperature had an inverse relation
      with the prevalence of BAT, i.e., the lower the temperature, the higher
      prevalence of BAT. When the temperature was averaged over 14 days or longer, this
      inverse relationship between the temperature and the prevalence of BAT was no
      longer preserved. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that increased FDG uptake in BAT
      occurs more often as an acute response to cold weather (1-7 days) rather than to
      prolonged periods of average cold weather.

PMID- 18157530
TI  - Combined use of zoledronic acid and 153Sm-EDTMP in hormone-refractory prostate
      cancer patients with bone metastases.
AB  - PURPOSE: (153)Sm-ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid (EDTMP; Quadramet)
      is indicated for the treatment of painful bone metastases, whereas zoledronic
      acid (Zometa) is indicated for the prevention of skeletal complications. Because
      of the different therapeutic effects, combining the treatments may be beneficial.
      Both, however, accumulate in areas with increased osteoblastic activity. Possible
      drug interactions were investigated. METHODS: Patients with hormone-refractory
      prostate cancer were treated with 18.5 MBq/kg (153)Sm-EDTMP in weeks 1 and 3 and
      with 37 MBq/kg in week 15. Treatment with 4 mg zoledronic acid began in week 3
      and continued every 4 weeks through week 23. In weeks 3 and 15, zoledronic acid
      was administered 2 days before (153)Sm-EDTMP treatment. Urine was collected 48 h
      after injection of (153)Sm-EDTMP, and whole-body images were obtained 6, 24 and
      48 h post-injection. The effect of zoledronic acid on total bone uptake of
      (153)Sm-EDTMP was measured indirectly by the cumulative activity excreted in the
      urine in weeks 1, 3 and 15. Biodistribution, safety, tolerability and effect on
      prostate-specific antigen level were also studied. RESULTS: The urinary excretion
      in week 3 divided by the urinary excretion in week 1 (baseline) times 100% was
      mean 98.4 +/- 11.6% (median 96.2%). From week 1 to 15, after four zoledronic acid
      treatments, the mean ratio was 101.9 +/- 10.7% (median 101.8%). Bioequivalence
      could be concluded by using a two-sample t test for both per-protocol (n = 13)
      and full-analysis sets (n = 18). Toxicity was comparable to of monotherapy with
      (153)Sm-EDTMP. CONCLUSION: Zoledronic acid treatment does not influence (153)Sm
      EDTMP skeletal uptake. Combined treatment is feasible and safe.

PMID- 18157532
TI  - GMP--three letters with many interpretations. Protection of patients or killing
      the clinical and research applications of PET?

PMID- 18157531
TI  - [18F]FBEM-Z(HER2:342)-Affibody molecule-a new molecular tracer for in vivo
      monitoring of HER2 expression by positron emission tomography.
AB  - PURPOSE: The expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)
      receptors in cancers is correlated with a poor prognosis. If assessed in vivo, it
      could be used for selection of appropriate therapy for individual patients and
      for monitoring of the tumor response to targeted therapies. We have radiolabeled
      a HER2-binding Affibody molecule with fluorine-18 for in vivo monitoring of the
      HER2 expression by positron emission tomography (PET). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The
      HER2-binding Z(HER2:342)-Cys Affibody molecule was conjugated with N-2-(4
      [18F]fluorobenzamido)ethyl]maleimide ([18F]FBEM). The in vitro binding of the
      resulting radioconjugate was characterized by receptor saturation and competition
      assays. For in vivo studies, the radioconjugate was injected into the tail vein
      of mice bearing subcutaneous HER2-positive or HER2-negative tumors. Some of the
      mice were pre-treated with non-labeled Z(HER2:342)-Cys. The animals were
      sacrificed at different times post-injection, and the radioactivity in selected
      tissues was measured. PET images were obtained using an animal PET scanner.
      RESULTS: In vitro experiments indicated specific, high-affinity binding to HER2.
      PET imaging revealed a high accumulation of the radioactivity in the tumor as
      early as 20 min after injection, with a plateau being reached after 60 min. These
      results were confirmed by biodistribution studies demonstrating that, as early as
      1 h post-injection, the tumor to blood concentration ratio was 7.5 and increased
      to 27 at 4 h. Pre-saturation of the receptors with unlabeled Z(HER2:342)-Cys
      lowered the accumulation of radioactivity in HER2-positive tumors to the levels
      observed in HER2-negative ones. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the
      [18F]FBEM-Z(HER2:342) radioconjugate can be used to assess HER2 expression in
      vivo.

PMID- 18157533
TI  - Postoperative acetabular retroversion causes posterior osteoarthritis of the hip.
AB  - We retrospectively reviewed 68 hips in 62 patients with acetabular dysplasia who
      underwent curved periacetabular osteotomy. Among the 68 hips, 33 had acetabular
      retroversion (retroversion group) and 35 had anteversion (control group)
      preoperatively. All hips were evaluated according to the Harris hip score.
      Radiographic evaluations of acetabular retroversion and posterior wall deficiency
      were based on the cross-over sign and posterior wall sign, respectively. The
      clinical scores of the two groups at the final follow-up were similar. In the
      retroversion group, 12 hips had anteverted acetabulum postoperatively. The
      posterior wall sign disappeared in these hips, but remained in 21 hips with
      retroverted acetabulum postoperatively. Among the 21 hips with retroverted
      acetabulum, posterior osteoarthritis of the hip developed postoperatively in five
      hips. When performing corrective osteotomy for a dysplastic hip with acetabular
      retroversion, it is important to correct the acetabular retroversion to prevent
      posterior osteoarthritis of the hip due to posterior wall deficiency.

PMID- 18157534
TI  - Imageless navigation of hip resurfacing arthroplasty increases the implant
      accuracy.
AB  - Surface arthroplasty of the hip is increasingly popular. Optimising the position
      of the femoral component is essential to avoid early implant failures such as
      femoral neck fractures. Sixty hip surface replacements were retrospectively
      analysed. In 30 patients imageless navigation was used, and 30 patients were
      operated upon using conventional jigs. Accuracy, implant position, operating
      time, and complications have been recorded. The navigation device improved the
      implant position with high accuracy. Implant-shaft angles <130 degrees and
      uncovered cancellous bone of the superior femoral neck could be safely avoided.
      After a significant learning curve, navigation took 15 minutes longer than
      conventional implantation. No complications were found in either group. Computer
      assisted navigation allowed accurate implantation of the femoral component
      avoiding pitfalls of hip surface replacement. From our point of view the optimal
      placement of the femoral component outweighs the disadvantage of a longer
      operating time.

PMID- 18157535
TI  - Osseointegration in arthroplasty: can simvastatin promote bone response to
      implants?
AB  - Cementless fixation depends on bone ingrowth for long-term success. Simvastatin
      as a lipid lowering agent has been demonstrated to have osteoanabolic effects.
      This study was designed to measure the possible effect of simvastatin on implant
      osseointegration. Bilateral femoral implantation of titanium cylinders was
      performed in 20 rabbits. Blood lipid levels were measured pre- and
      postoperatively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to measure the
      percentage of the surface of each implant in contact with bone and mechanical
      pull-out testing was performed. The blood lipid levels were significantly reduced
      in the simvastatin group. Histomorphometric examination revealed increased bone
      ingrowth and mechanical examination showed increased interface strength in the
      simvastatin group. Mechanical and histological data showed superior stability and
      osseous adaptation at the bone/implant interface for the simvastatin group. We
      conclude that simvastatin has potential as a means of enhancing bone ingrowth,
      which is a key factor in the longevity of cementless implants.

PMID- 18157536
TI  - Focal cortical dysplasia with calcification: a case report.
AB  - CASE REPORT: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) with calcification is rare. We
      presented a 13-year-old epileptic patient with FCD and calcification in the left
      frontal lobe. At age 24, the FCD lesion and the surrounding epileptogenic cortex
      and underlying subcortex were removed after chronic subdural electrode recording.
      Histological examination showed that the calcified lesion was not independent of
      the FCD lesion but located in the subcortical area of the FCD lesion. A
      neoplastic nature was ruled out for the lesion. DISCUSSION: The
      pathophysiological mechanism involved in the coexistence of FCD and calcification
      is discussed.

PMID- 18157537
TI  - Assessment of chemotherapeutic response in children with proptosis due to optic
      nerve glioma.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Some children with optic pathway gliomas present with proptosis
      related to intraorbital tumor extension. The radiological assessment of
      chemotherapeutic response in these patients can be complicated by irregular tumor
      shape and lack of relation between tumor volume and cosmetic effect. METHOD: We
      propose that proptosis measurements and derivation of a proptosis index can be a
      useful adjunct to the measurement of tumor volume in the radiological assessment
      of chemotherapeutic response. The proptosis index was derived as the ratio of the
      difference in proptosis between eyes postchemotherapy to that prechemotherapy. A
      series of six patients with proptosis and the diagnosis of an optic nerve tumor
      from an optic pathway glioma registry demonstrate by case example the correlation
      between the proptosis index and the clinical and radiographic response to
      chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: We have found that a proptosis index <1 correlates
      with a chemotherapeutic maintained response and an index >1 correlates with
      progressive disease.

PMID- 18157538
TI  - Surgical instruments utilized in foetal hydrocephalus to prevent the mother's
      death at the time of Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu (1385-1468 AD).

PMID- 18157539
TI  - Operative management of growing skull fractures: a technical note.
AB  - OBJECTS: Growing skull fractures can be a challenging surgical problem facing the
      pediatric neurosurgeon. The goal of this manuscript is to clarify effective
      surgical methods and to provide the rationale for these techniques. METHODS: We
      describe the surgical techniques for treatment of growing skull fractures. We
      clarify the underlying concepts, with respect to dural closure and repair of bony
      defects, that have led to these techniques. CONCLUSIONS: With effective surgical
      technique, the pediatric neurosurgeon can effectively treat growing skull
      fractures, with excellent outcomes in terms of bony coverage and cosmesis.

PMID- 18157540
TI  - Intramedullary spinal arteriovenous malformation in a boy of familial cerebral
      cavernous hemangioma.
AB  - OBJECT: The coexistence of spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and a familial
      cerebral cavernous hemangioma (CCH) is extremely rare. METHODS: A 9-year-old boy
      suddenly developed severe paraplegia and urinary dysfunction. Spinal magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed a cervical and upper thoracic
      intramedullary lesion. Due to acute neurological dysfunction, the patient
      underwent emergency surgical exploration. An intramedullary vascular lesion was
      found and excised. Pathologically, AVM was noted. After the surgery, the boy was
      ambulatory with left lower limb stiffness. MRI scan of the brain revealed
      multiple cerebral cavernous hemangioma. Symptomatic multiple CCH in his mother
      and grandmother were also noted. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the presence of
      spinal AVM should be suspected if the patient with familial CCH develops the
      signs of space-occupying lesion of the spinal cord, facilitating early diagnosis
      of the spinal AVM.

PMID- 18157541
TI  - Deformity correction for vitamin D-resistant hypophosphatemic rickets of adults.
AB  - We performed correction for bowing deformity of the lower extremities due to
      vitamin D-resistant hypophosphatemic rickets of three adults, six segments. The
      operative method was gradual correction and lengthening using distraction
      osteogenesis by Ilizarov external fixator or Heidelberg external fixator. The
      orders of the corrections were simultaneous correction of the bilateral femur for
      one patient, simultaneous correction of the ipsilateral leg for one patient, and
      diagonal correction of the bilateral leg for one patient. The mean correction
      angle was 30.5 degrees. The mean external fixation period was 146 days. Each
      orders of the corrections had its merits and demerits. All patients obtained a
      physiological alignment and good bone formation by taking Vitamin D and oral
      phosphate supplements even an adult patient. All the patients had articular pain,
      such as hip, knee, and ankle, however, these pains healed up. All the patients
      were satisfied with the outcomes at the time of the final follow-up interview in
      terms of their cosmetic improvement. Distraction osteogenesis for bowing
      deformity of the lower extremities due to vitamin D-resistant hypophosphatemic
      rickets was very effective method and could be applied to adult patients.
      However, the order of the corrections should be considered carefully depending on
      each patient.

PMID- 18157542
TI  - Lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with moderate-to-severe versus
      mild plaque psoriasis.
AB  - In several studies peripheral blood T-cells have been quantified, yet few data
      are available on lymphocyte subsets in moderate-to-severe psoriasis (in terms of
      extent and activity of lesions) versus mild psoriasis. The objective is to
      compare lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with moderate-to
      severe disease (PASI-score > or =12) to patients with mild disease (PASI-score
      <12) and to healthy subjects. By means of flow cytometry method, lymphocytes in
      peripheral blood of 27 patients with psoriasis and 10 healthy controls were
      characterized. The absolute number of total lymphocytes was markedly decreased in
      patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis as compared to patients with mild
      disease and normal subjects. Cellcounts of all analysed subsets were found to be
      increased in more severe psoriasis, except for CD8+CD45RO+ cells. The under
      representation of CD8+CD45RO+ cells is compatible with the dynamics of acquired
      immunity, which requires a time log after the relapse of the lesions to
      differentiate from CD45RA+ naive cells.

PMID- 18157543
TI  - Cancer risk estimates from the combined Japanese A-bomb and Hodgkin cohorts for
      doses relevant to radiotherapy.
AB  - Most information on the dose-response of radiation-induced cancer is derived from
      data on the A-bomb survivors who were exposed to gamma-rays and neutrons. Since,
      for radiation protection purposes, the dose span of main interest is between 0
      and 1 Gy, the analysis of the A-bomb survivors is usually focused on this range.
      However, estimates of cancer risk for doses above 1 Gy are becoming more
      important for radiotherapy patients and for long-term manned missions in space
      research. Therefore in this work, emphasis is placed on doses relevant for
      radiotherapy with respect to radiation-induced solid cancer. The analysis of the
      A-bomb survivor's data was extended by including two extra high-dose categories
      (4-6 Sv and 6-13 Sv) and by an attempted combination with cancer data on patients
      receiving radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. In addition, since there are some
      recent indications for a high neutron dose contribution, the data were fitted
      separately for three different values for the relative biological effectiveness
      (RBE) of the neutrons (10, 35 and 100) and a variable RBE as a function of dose.
      The data were fitted using a linear, a linear-exponential and a plateau-dose
      response relationship. Best agreement was found for the plateau model with a dose
      varying RBE. It can be concluded that for doses above 1 Gy there is a tendency
      for a nonlinear dose-response curve. In addition, there is evidence of a neutron
      RBE greater than 10 for the A-bomb survivor data. Many problems and uncertainties
      are involved in combing these two datasets. However, since very little is
      currently known about the shape of dose-response relationships for radiation
      induced cancer in the radiotherapy dose range, this approach could be regarded as
      a first attempt to acquire more information on this area. The work presented here
      also provides the first direct evidence that the bending over of the solid cancer
      excess risk dose response curve for the A-bomb survivors, generally observed
      above 2 Gy, is due to cell killing effects.

PMID- 18157544
TI  - Downregulation of PPARs and SREBP by acyl-CoA-binding protein overexpression in
      transgenic rats.
AB  - Acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) acts as an acyl-CoA pool former, transporter, and
      regulator of gene transcription in vitro. We created a transgenic rat line
      overexpressing ACBP, as the physiological relevance of ACBP in lipid metabolism
      is unclear. Transgenic rats revealed increased levels of ACBP and significantly
      elevated acyl-CoA tissue levels while there was no effect on plasma triglyceride,
      cholesterol, or serum-free fatty acid levels. Metabolic regulators like
      peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARgamma, PPARdelta) and sterol
      regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) messenger RNA levels were
      significantly reduced (by 23-82%) in liver and adipose tissue of fed transgenic
      rats, whereas adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein
      levels were increased (by 60%). Fasting abolished PPAR downregulation in liver
      and caused an upregulation in adipose tissue. Administration of AMPK inhibitor
      reversed SREBP-1 but did not affect PPAR regulation. In conclusion, ACBP acts as
      an acyl-CoA pool former in transgenic rats and regulates lipid metabolism via
      SREBP-1 and PPAR regulation. Reduction of SREBP-1 is mediated via increased AMPK
      levels, whereas regulation of PPARs seems to be mediated by an AMPK-independent
      mechanism. ACBP itself is a target gene for both transcription factors
      demonstrating important feedback loops.

PMID- 18157545
TI  - High-speed AFM and nano-visualization of biomolecular processes.
AB  - Conventional atomic force microscopes (AFMs) take at least 30-60 s to capture an
      image, while dynamic biomolecular processes occur on a millisecond timescale or
      less. To narrow this large difference in timescale, various studies have been
      carried out in the past decade. These efforts have led to a maximum imaging rate
      of 30-60 ms/frame for a scan range of approximately 250 nm, with a weak tip
      sample interaction force being maintained. Recent imaging studies using high
      speed AFM with this capacity have shown that this new microscope can provide
      straightforward and prompt answers to how and what structural changes progress
      while individual biomolecules are at work. This article first compares high-speed
      AFM with its competitor (single-molecule fluorescence microscopy) on various
      aspects and then describes high-speed AFM instrumentation and imaging studies on
      biomolecular processes. The article concludes by discussing the future prospects
      of this cutting-edge microscopy.

PMID- 18157546
TI  - Swimming behaviour of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae: responses to irradiance
      changes and skin attractants.
AB  - The swimming behaviour of many cercarial species is governed by sensitive
      responses to light and dark stimuli. We studied the effect of irradiance changes
      on swimming behaviour of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and found only
      insignificant responses. Decreasing light intensity results in a weak tendency of
      the cercariae to start swimming movements, and increasing light intensity tends
      to inhibit the start of swimming. These responses seem not suitable to increase
      the transmission success. Whether the cercariae show chemo-orientation towards
      human skin was studied by video-tracking their swimming movements around agar
      containing human-skin-surface extracts and when immersed into skin extracts. They
      showed no directed chemotactic orientation, as they did not correct their
      swimming paths in direction towards the skin-extract substrates, also not when
      shifting between forward and backward swimming. However, the cercariae shifted
      more between backward and forward swimming and therewith increased their rate of
      change of direction. This response may support an accumulation around the skin
      substrates and could guide the cercariae towards the host's skin surface when
      they are already in close proximity to it.

PMID- 18157548
TI  - Abstracts of the 59th Annual Congress of the German Society of Urology, 26-29
      September 2007, Berlin, Germany.

PMID- 18157547
TI  - Chemical attractants of human skin for swimming Schistosoma mansoni cercariae.
AB  - Cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni approach towards their host's skin with a
      chemokinesis. They respond to human skin extracts by inserting shifts between
      backward and forward swimming and therewith increase the rate of change of
      direction (RCD). We identified the host attractants by fractionating human skin
      surface extracts, exposing the fractions and chemicals to the cercariae and
      recording cercarial swimming by video tracking. The cercariae responded
      specifically to three skin surface compounds by increasing the frequency of
      shifts in swimming direction. (1) Free fatty acids. The effectiveness was limited
      to chain lengths between 10 and 14 carbon atoms in saturated chains and increased
      by the number of double bonds. (2) Free L: -arginine at concentrations as low as
      100 nM. (3) Small peptides with terminally located L: -arginine at concentrations
      as low as 50 microM. All chemokinesis stimuli are also involved in subsequent
      behavioural phases of host invasion: attachment and directed creeping on the skin
      surface, penetration and navigation within host tissues. The cercariae responded
      during swimming only to these small molecular water soluble cues and not to cues
      to which they respond in other behavioural phases of host invasion, but which are
      unsuitable as chemoattractants due to their chemical properties or distribution
      within the skin layers. This characterises the chemokinetic responses as adequate
      adaptation to advance transmission success.

PMID- 18157551
TI  - Fouling mediates grazing: intertwining of resistances to multiple enemies in the
      brown alga Fucus vesiculosus.
AB  - Macroalgae have to cope with multiple natural enemies, such as herbivores and
      epibionts. As these are harmful for the host, the host is expected to show
      resistance to them. Evolution of resistance is complicated by the interactions
      among the enemies and the genetic correlations among resistances to different
      enemies. Here, we explored genetic variation in resistance to epibiosis and
      herbivory in the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus, both under conditions where the
      enemies coexisted and where they were isolated. F. vesiculosus showed substantial
      genetic variation in the resistance to both epibiosis and grazing. Grazing
      pressure on the alga was generally lower in the presence than in the absence of
      epibiota. Furthermore, epibiosis modified the susceptibility of different algal
      genotypes to grazing. Resistances to epibiosis and grazing were independent when
      measured separately for both enemies but positively correlated when both these
      enemies coexisted. Thus, when the enemies coexisted, the fate of genotypes with
      respect to these enemies was intertwined. Genotypic correlation between
      phlorotannins, brown-algal phenolic secondary metabolites, and the amount of
      epibiota was negative, indicating that these compounds contribute to resistance
      to epibiosis. In addition, phlorotannins correlated also with the resistance to
      grazing, but this correlation disappeared when grazing occurred in the absence of
      epibiota. This indicates that the patterns of selection for the type of the
      resistance as well as for the resistance traits vary with the occurrence patterns
      of the enemies.

PMID- 18157552
TI  - Larval amphibian growth and development under varying density: are parasitized
      individuals poor competitors?
AB  - Population density and infection with parasites often are important factors
      affecting the growth and development of individuals. How these factors co-occur
      and interact in nature should have important consequences for individual fitness
      and higher-order phenomena, such as population dynamics of hosts and their
      interactions with other species. However, few studies have examined the joint
      effects of density and parasitism on host growth and development. We examined the
      co-influences of rearing density and parasitism, by the trematode Echinostoma
      trivolvis, on the growth and development of larval frogs, Rana (=Lithobates)
      pipiens. We also examined the potential role of parasite-mediated intraspecific
      competition by observing how unparasitized individuals performed when housed with
      other unparasitized tadpoles, versus housing with a combination of unparasitized
      and parasitized hosts. Mean mass and mean developmental stage were reduced under
      high rearing densities. The presence of parasitized conspecifics had no
      significant effect, but there was a significant interaction of density and
      parasitism presence on host mass, due to the fact that parasitized conspecifics
      grew poorly at high densities. Unparasitized individuals reared with parasitized
      and unparasitized conspecifics fared no better than unparasitized individuals
      reared only with one another. This result indicates that infected hosts compete
      as much as uninfected hosts for resources, even though infected individuals have
      reduced mass under high-density conditions. Resource acquisition and resource
      allocation are different processes, and parasitism, if it only affects the
      latter, might not have a discernible impact on competitive interactions.

PMID- 18157553
TI  - Patch edges and insect populations.
AB  - Responses of insect populations may be related to patch size and patch edge
      responses, but it is not clear how to identify these rapidly. We used a random
      walk model to identify three qualitative responses to edges: no edge effect (the
      null model), reflecting edges and absorbing edges. Interestingly, no edge effect
      meant that abundance was lower at edges than in the center of patches, and
      reflecting edges have similar abundance at edges and centers. We then
      characterized several insect species' response within maize plots to patch edges
      and patch size, using a simple, quick, qualitative experiment. Coleomegilla
      maculata and Trichogramma spp. were the only organisms that responded to patch
      size and edges as patch theory and the null edge model would predict. Ostrinia
      nubilalis larvae and possibly Rhopalosiphum maidis and eggs of Chrysopa spp.
      responded to patch size and edges as predicted by an attracting edge model.
      Estimation of predation rates suggested that the spatial distribution of these
      species might be determined by predators. Edge effects or the lack thereof
      relative to patch size may be rapidly determined for arthropod species, which
      could lead to understanding the mechanism(s) underlying these effects. This
      information may be useful in reaction diffusion models through a scaling-up
      approach to predict population structure of species among patches in a landscape.

PMID- 18157554
TI  - Online automatic tuning and control for fed-batch cultivation.
AB  - Performance of controllers applied in biotechnological production is often below
      expectation. Online automatic tuning has the capability to improve control
      performance by adjusting control parameters. This work presents automatic tuning
      approaches for model reference specific growth rate control during fed-batch
      cultivation. The approaches are direct methods that use the error between
      observed specific growth rate and its set point; systematic perturbations of the
      cultivation are not necessary. Two automatic tuning methods proved to be
      efficient, in which the adaptation rate is based on a combination of the error,
      squared error and integral error. These methods are relatively simple and robust
      against disturbances, parameter uncertainties, and initialization errors.
      Application of the specific growth rate controller yields a stable system. The
      controller and automatic tuning methods are qualified by simulations and
      laboratory experiments with Bordetella pertussis.

PMID- 18157555
TI  - The co-occurrence of ectomycorrhizal, arbuscular mycorrhizal, and dark septate
      fungi in seedlings of four members of the Pinaceae.
AB  - Although roots of species in the Pinaceae are usually colonized by
      ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, there are increasing reports of the presence of
      arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi in these
      species. The objective of this study was to determine the colonization patterns
      in seedlings of three Pinus (pine) species (Pinus banksiana, Pinus strobus, Pinus
      contorta) and Picea glauca x Picea engelmannii (hybrid spruce) grown in soil
      collected from a disturbed forest site. Seedlings of all three pine species and
      hybrid spruce became colonized by EM, AM, and DSE fungi. The dominant EM
      morphotype belonged to the E-strain category; limited colonization by a Tuber sp.
      was found on roots of Pinus strobus and an unknown morphotype (cf. Suillus
      Rhizopogon group) with thick, cottony white mycelium was present on short roots
      of all species. The three fungal categories tended to occupy different niches in
      a single root system. No correlation was found between the percent root colonized
      by EM and percent colonization by either AM or DSE, although there was a positive
      correlation between percent root length colonized by AM and DSE. Hyphae and
      vesicles were the only AM intracellular structures found in roots of all species;
      arbuscules were not observed in any roots.

PMID- 18157556
TI  - The effect of nitric oxide on metal release from metallothionein-3: gradual
      unfolding of the protein.
AB  - Metallothionein-3 (MT-3), or neuronal growth inhibitory factor, which exhibits
      growth inhibitory activity, is a brain-specific metallothionein. In this study,
      the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on metal release (using Cd2+ as a probe) from MT
      3 was examined by 113Cd and 2D [1H-15N] heteronuclear single-quantum coherence
      NMR spectroscopy. The exposure of human MT-3 to NO leads to a nonselective
      release of the three metals from the beta-domain. In contrast to metallothionein
      1 and metallothionein-2, two of the bound metals in the alpha-domain were also
      partially released, with the domain structure remaining almost unchanged. Further
      addition of NO resulted in the complete release of metals and concomitant
      unfolding of the protein. The preference of release of the two metals in the
      alpha-domain was attributed to the presence of two slightly different
      coordination environments for the four cadmium/zinc atoms.

PMID- 18157557
TI  - Matricellular molecules and odontoblast progenitors as tools for dentin repair
      and regeneration.
AB  - This review summarizes the in vivo experiments carried out by our group after
      implantation of bioactive molecules (matricellular molecules) into the exposed
      pulp of the first maxillary molar of the rat or the mandibular incisor of rats
      and mice. We describe the cascade of recruitment, proliferation and terminal
      differentiation of cells involved in the formation of reparative dentin. Cloned
      immortalized odontoblast progenitors were also implanted in the incisors and in
      vitro studies aimed at revealing the signaling pathways leading from
      undifferentiated progenitors to fully differentiated polarized cells. Together,
      these experimental approaches pave the way for controlled dentin regenerative
      processes and repair.

PMID- 18157558
TI  - Effects of Isomalt on enamel de- and remineralization, a combined in vitro pH
      cycling model and in situ study.
AB  - Isomalt is a non-cariogenic sweetener, which is widely used in sugar-free candy
      and chewing gum. Little is known about the effects of Isomalt on de- and
      remineralization. Binding between calcium and Isomalt has been reported, which
      could affect the mineral balance. The objective of this study was to examine the
      effects of Isomalt on de- and remineralization of bovine enamel lesions, both in
      vitro and in situ. In in vitro study, subsurface enamel lesions were subjected to
      3-weeks pH-cycling. Treatments were 5-min rinses with 10% Isomalt solutions daily
      and 10% Isomalt additions to re- or demineralizing solutions. Standard pH-cycling
      conditions were used with a 0.2 ppm fluoride background during the
      remineralization phase. In in situ study, subsurface lesions were exposed 2
      months in vivo and brushed three times daily with 10% Isomalt containing
      toothpaste. Treatment effects were assessed by chemical analysis of the solutions
      (in vitro) and transversal microradiography (in vitro and in situ). In in vitro
      study, while 5-min rinses with 10% Isomalt gave slightly increased
      remineralization, continuous presence of 10% Isomalt (in re- or demineralizing
      solutions) inhibited both de- and/or remineralization. This lead to significantly
      smaller overall mineral loss when Isomalt was added during demineralization. In
      in situ study, remineralization enhancement during short Isomalt treatments was
      confirmed. Isomalt had a positive effect on the de/remineralization balance when
      given under conditions relevant to practical use.

PMID- 18157559
TI  - The burden of rheumatoid arthritis and access to treatment: outcome and cost
      utility of treatments.
AB  - Within the series of articles investigating the burden of rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA), this paper reviews the methods used for economic assessment of the RA
      treatments by HTA agencies and other bodies involved in cost-effectiveness
      analysis and the current status of the field. The overall methods, as well as the
      challenges, of cost-effectiveness analysis in RA are common to all chronic
      progressive diseases where much of the treatment benefit is delayed, while costs
      occur immediately. Also, as in all disabling diseases, much of the costs occur
      outside the health-care system, due to the rapid loss of work capacity and the
      need for informal care in the later stages of the disease. Thus, it is essential
      to adopt a long-term view and consider costs from the perspective of society,
      rather than the health-care service, to increase the relevance of the results for
      policy making.

PMID- 18157560
TI  - The burden of rheumatoid arthritis and access to treatment: determinants of
      access.
AB  - As part of the study "The Burden of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Patient Access
      to Treatment", this paper reviews the impact on access to RA drugs of the
      approval processes, pricing and funding decisions and times to market (access) in
      different countries. In addition, an overview of health technology assessments
      (HTA) and the economic literature related to RA treatments is provided. The time
      from approval to market access ranged from immediate to over 500 days in the
      countries included in the study. A total of 55 HTA reports were identified, 40 of
      them in the period between 2002 and 2006; 29 were performed by European HTA
      agencies, 14 in Canada and 7 in the United States. A total of 239 economic
      evaluations related to RA were identified in a specialized health economic
      database (HEED).

PMID- 18157564
TI  - Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) with methylene blue increases
      membrane permeability in Candida albicans.
AB  - Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is a potential antimicrobial
      therapy that combines light and a photosensitizing drug, promoting a phototoxic
      effect on the treated cells, in general via oxidative damage. In this work we
      studied the effect of PACT, using methylene blue (MB), on the permeability of
      Candida albicans membrane. Our results demonstrated that the combination of MB
      and laser (684 nm) promoted a decrease in Candida growth. The inhibition was more
      pronounced in the presence of 0.05 mg/ml MB and with an energy density of 28
      J/cm(2). The decrease in Candida growth was associated with an increase in
      membrane permeabilization. Thus, we suggest that a PACT mechanism using MB can be
      related to damage in the plasma membranes of the cells.

PMID- 18157565
TI  - Coronary fistula as an unusual cause of angina in a middle-aged man.
AB  - Coronary artery fistulas are rare congenital anomalies, most often discovered as
      an isolated murmur during examination, typically discovered during childhood. We
      report the case of a middle-aged black man presented with angina pectoris and
      found to have a large coronary fistula between the left main stem and the right
      ventricle. The fistula was occluded using transcatheter coils.

PMID- 18157566
TI  - Endoscopic transaxillary capsular contracture treatment.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Traditionally, breast implant extraction and capsular contracture
      treatment are performed using the transareolar approach. However, this approach
      is not acceptable to Chinese patients because of the additional scar formation.
      The authors present their experience using capsular contracture treatment using
      transaxillary endoscopic assistance without the need for an additional incision.
      METHODS: The former transaxillary incisional scar for augmentation mammoplasty is
      used. Blunt dissection to the outer surface of the fibrous capsule is performed.
      A 30 degrees 10-mm endoscope is placed through the axillary incision for
      dissection of the capsule's outer surface. After completion of this procedure,
      the capsule is cauterized open, and extraction is completed. Transaxillary
      capsulectomy is performed under endoscopic control. The reimplantation is
      performed with the no-touch technique after an adequate pocket has been created.
      RESULTS: From October 2005 to September 2006, 11 patients were treated with the
      described procedure. The results were favorable during a follow-up period of 4 to
      6 months. No scar was left on the breast, and no additional scarring occurred.
      CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic transaxillary capsular contracture treatment through the
      axillary incision was possible, with successful removal of the fibrous capsule.
      The technique eliminated the incision on the breast and created one incision far
      from the breast area for completion of the procedure.

PMID- 18157567
TI  - Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy: 13 years' experience.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Major lung resection by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has
      been proven to be both safe and technically feasible, but is not routinely
      performed in most hospitals. The aim of this paper is to show our technique for
      VATS lobectomy and our experience and outcomes obtained. METHODS: We have
      performed a retrospective review included all patients undergoing major pulmonary
      resection by VATS at the General and Thoracic Surgery Unit, Virgen Macarena
      University Hospital, Seville (Spain) since 1992. The clinical records of all
      patients were drawn from the hospital archive and data for the following
      variables were recorded for analysis: age, sex, clinical diagnosis, clinical
      status, date of surgery, type of surgery, inoperability, conversion to
      conventional surgery and reasons, duration of surgery and intraoperative
      complications, postoperative and long-term complications, postoperative stay,
      diagnosis, definitive status, and mortality. We also describe our surgical
      technique for each lobectomy. RESULTS: A total of 237 major pulmonary resections
      were performed, on 203 males and 34 males, with a mean age of 61.43 years (non
      small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma: 204, benign processes: 24, carcinoid tumors:
      4, and lobectomy due to metastases: 5). The overall conversion rate was 14.01%.
      Mean duration of lobectomy was 153 min, with a median of 98 min, and mean
      postoperative stay was 4.2 days. The morbidity rate was 15.18%, mostly involving
      minor complications. Perioperative mortality was 3.7%. The actuarial 5-year
      survival rate was 77.7%. CONCLUSIONS: VATS lobectomy is a viable safe procedure
      that meets oncological criteria for lung cancer surgery. In our experience, VATS
      is currently to be considered ideally indicated for certain benign processes and
      for T1-T2 N0 M0 bronchogenic carcinomas.

PMID- 18157568
TI  - Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernia: Outcomes of 100 consecutive cases
      comprising 25 wall defects larger than 15 cm.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Minimal access surgery for incisional hernia repair is still debated,
      especially for large and giant wall defects. This study was undertaken to analyze
      the results of the use of the laparoscopic technique in incisional hernias
      smaller and larger than 15 cm of diameter. METHOD: From 2002 to 2007 a total of
      100 patients with incisional hernia were operated on by laparoscopy and were
      included in this study. As much as 38 patients were obese, with a body mass index
      (BMI) > 30 kg/m(2). The mean follow-up span was 24 months (range = 2-58). The
      fascial defect was recurrent in 19 patients, in 13 after previous repair with
      mesh and in 6 after repair without mesh. The wall defect was larger than 15 cm in
      25 patients and in 6 of them it was 20 cm or larger as measured from within the
      peritoneal cavity. RESULTS: The mean operating time was 152 +/- 25 min (range =
      45-275), and for defects larger than 15 cm it was 205 +/- 101 min (range = 85
      540). Two patients with massive adhesions needed conversion to open surgery, one
      after an intraoperative injury of an intestinal loop. Postoperative complications
      occurred in 23 patients; local complications were 10. Pulmonary embolism caused
      death in one obese patient. Morbidity and hospital stay were similar in obese and
      nonobese patients and the differences were not statistically relevant (p > 0.05).
      The outcomes in patients with wall defects larger than 15 cm showed no
      significant difference with outcomes of the remaining patients with smaller
      defects (p > 0.05). Recurrence occurred in three cases, and in one case local
      infection led to removal of the mesh. CONCLUSIONS: Minimal access procedures can
      provide good results in the repair of incisional hernia, even when the diameter
      is larger than 15 cm. Obesity is not a contraindication to laparoscopic repair.
      Further studies are expected to confirm these promising results.

PMID- 18157570
TI  - Body mass index and diverticular disease: a 28-year follow-up study in men.
AB  - PURPOSE: Diverticular disease increased steadily concomitant with elevated rates
      of overweight and obesity during the 20th century. Therefore, the objective of
      this study was to investigate whether overweight and obesity in midlife predict
      future diverticular disease in men. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study
      of a general population of men living in Goteborg, Sweden. A community-based
      sample of 7,494 men, investigated when aged 47 to 55 years, were followed from
      baseline in 1970 to 1973 for a maximum of 28 years. Hospitalization with a
      discharge diagnosis of diverticular disease according to the Swedish hospital
      discharge register was measured. RESULTS: Totally, 112 men (1.5 percent) were
      hospitalized with diverticular disease. A relationship between body mass index
      and diverticular disease was demonstrated; men with a body mass index between 20
      and 22.5 kg/m2 had the lowest risk. After adjustment for covariates, the risk
      increased linearly in men who had a body mass index of 22.5 to 25 (multiple
      adjusted hazard ratio, 2.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.9-6; 25-27.5
      (hazard ratio, 3 (1.2-7.6)), 27.5-30 (hazard ratio 3.2, (1.2-8.6)), and 30 or
      greater (hazard ratio 4.4, (1.6-12.3)) kg/m2 (P for linear trend = 0.004). Men
      with a body mass index of < or =20 kg/m2 had a nonsignificantly elevated risk
      (hazard ratio, 3 (0.7-12.5)). Smoking (hazard ratio, 1.6 (1.1-2.3) and diastolic
      blood pressure (hazard ratio, 1.02 (1.01-1.04) per mmHg) also were independently
      related to risk of diverticular disease. CONCLUSIONS: In a large community-based
      sample of middle-aged men, overweight and obesity were strongly linked to future
      severe diverticular disease leading to hospitalization.

PMID- 18157571
TI  - Laparoscopic resection for colon cancer: would all patients benefit?
AB  - PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess whether the exclusion criteria used in
      the Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy and Colon Cancer Laparoscopic or Open
      Resection trials affected the generalizability of their findings. METHODS: A
      prospective database of consecutive laparoscopic resections performed for colon
      cancer was reviewed. Patients were categorized into two groups: inclusion group
      and exclusion group, based on the selection criteria used in the Clinical
      Outcomes of Surgical Therapy and Colon Cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection
      trials. Baseline and perioperative data were analyzed by using t-tests,
      Wilcoxon's rank-sum, chi-squared, and Fisher's exact test. Kaplan-Meier survival
      curves, followed by adjustment for tumor nodes metastasis stage and age utilizing
      a Cox proportional hazard model, were performed. RESULTS: The inclusion group had
      221 patients and the exclusion group had 166 (median age and gender distribution
      were similar). The exclusion group had a higher conversion rate (23 vs. 11.3
      percent; P=0.0023). There was no difference in intraoperative complications (9
      percent for exclusion group vs. 8.6 percent for inclusion group; P=0.8),
      operative time (180 minutes for exclusion group vs.172 minutes for inclusion
      group; P=0.24), or postoperative complication rates (33.7 percent for exclusion
      group vs. 26 percent for inclusion group; P=0.13). No difference was detected in
      perioperative mortality rates, length of stay, days to diet as tolerated, and
      adjusted two-year survival. CONCLUSIONS: No differences were found in outcomes
      between the two groups in terms of operative/postoperative complications, length
      of stay, perioperative mortality, and two-year survival. It seems that all
      patients with colon cancer can potentially benefit from a laparoscopic approach.

PMID- 18157569
TI  - Sox2 and JAGGED1 expression in normal and drug-damaged adult mouse inner ear.
AB  - Inner ear hair cells detect environmental signals associated with hearing,
      balance, and body orientation. In humans and other mammals, significant hair cell
      loss leads to irreversible hearing and balance deficits, whereas hair cell loss
      in nonmammalian vertebrates is repaired by the spontaneous generation of
      replacement hair cells. Research in mammalian hair cell regeneration is hampered
      by the lack of in vivo damage models for the adult mouse inner ear and the
      paucity of cell-type-specific markers for non-sensory cells within the sensory
      receptor epithelia. The present study delineates a protocol to drug damage the
      adult mouse auditory epithelium (organ of Corti) in situ and uses this protocol
      to investigate Sox2 and Jagged1 expression in damaged inner ear sensory
      epithelia. In other tissues, the transcription factor Sox2 and a ligand member of
      the Notch signaling pathway, Jagged1, are involved in regenerative processes.
      Both are involved in early inner ear development and are expressed in developing
      support cells, but little is known about their expressions in the adult. We
      describe a nonsurgical technique for inducing hair cell damage in adult mouse
      organ of Corti by a single high-dose injection of the aminoglycoside kanamycin
      followed by a single injection of the loop diuretic furosemide. This drug
      combination causes the rapid death of outer hair cells throughout the cochlea.
      Using immunocytochemical techniques, Sox2 is shown to be expressed specifically
      in support cells in normal adult mouse inner ear and is not affected by drug
      damage. Sox2 is absent from auditory hair cells, but is expressed in a subset of
      vestibular hair cells. Double-labeling experiments with Sox2 and calbindin
      suggest Sox2-positive hair cells are Type II. Jagged1 is also expressed in
      support cells in the adult ear and is not affected by drug damage. Sox2 and
      Jagged1 may be involved in the maintenance of support cells in adult mouse inner
      ear.

PMID- 18157572
TI  - Familial adenomatous polyposis in children younger than age ten years: a
      multidisciplinary clinic experience.
AB  - PURPOSE: Children with familial adenomatous polyposis have a greater mortality
      and morbidity in the first decade of life compared with the general population.
      Some children with a more severe disease phenotype present early with colorectal
      adenomata and may require colectomy at an early age. We present our
      multidisciplinary clinic experience with familial adenomatous polyposis in
      children younger than age ten years at the time of presentation. METHODS: A cross
      sectional analysis was performed on all patients with suspected or confirmed
      familial adenomatous polyposis presenting in the first decade of life and
      followed by the multidisciplinary Pediatric Hereditary Polyposis Clinic at our
      institutions. Analysis included demographics, clinical presentation and course,
      gene mutation testing, endoscopic-histologic findings, and surgical outcome.
      RESULTS: Twenty-two children (11 males) presented with suspected or confirmed
      familial adenomatous polyposis. Two were discharged from follow-up after negative
      adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutation testing. The rest underwent annual
      hepatoblastoma surveillance through age ten years with negative findings. Twelve
      patients presented with symptoms: six had de novo familial adenomatous polyposis.
      Seven had gastrointestinal hemorrhage and went on to colonoscopy. Four patients
      with adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutation at codon 1309 were referred for
      colectomy before age ten years. Referral to colectomy was earlier in patients
      with 1309 mutation and with de novo familial adenomatous polyposis. CONCLUSIONS:
      Children with familial adenomatous polyposis younger than age ten years may
      present presymptomatically for disease surveillance. Familial adenomatous
      polyposis with adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutation at codon 1309 entails a
      risk of a more aggressive phenotype; early colectomy may be indicated in children
      harboring this gene mutation.

PMID- 18157573
TI  - Variation of phlorotannins among three populations of Fucus vesiculosus as
      revealed by HPLC and colorimetric quantification.
AB  - In ecological studies, phlorotannins have conventionally been quantified as a
      group with similar functionality. Since this group consists of oligo- and
      polymers, the quantification of their pooled contents alone may not sufficiently
      describe the variation of these metabolites. Genetic variation, plastic responses
      to environment, and the ecological functions of separate phlorotannin oligo- and
      polymers may differ. Two analyses, i.e., the colorimetric Folin-Ciocalteu assay
      and a normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method were
      used to study genetic and environmental variation in phlorotannins of the brown
      alga Fucus vesiculosus (L.). The colorimetric method provides the total
      phlorotannin content, the latter a profile of 14 separate traces from the
      phenolic extract that represent an individual or groups of phlorotannins. We
      reared the algae that originated from three separate populations in a common
      garden for 3 months under ambient and enriched-nutrient availability and found
      that they differed in both their total phlorotannin content and in phlorotannin
      profiles. Some individual traces of the profiles separated the populations more
      clearly than the colorimetric assay. Although nutrient enrichment decreased total
      phlorotannin content, it did not show a significant influence on the phlorotannin
      profile. This implies that plastic responses of compounds other than
      phlorotannins may interfere with the determination of total phlorotannins.
      However, the phlorotannin profile and the total content showed genetic variation
      among local populations of F. vesiculosus; therefore, phlorotannins may respond
      to natural selection and evolve both quantitatively and qualitatively.

PMID- 18157574
TI  - Raloxifene can reduce giant cell tumor recurrence: a new adjuvant therapy.

PMID- 18157575
TI  - ACE inhibitors: a novel treatment for neurofibroma.

PMID- 18157576
TI  - Phase I trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin with hyperthermic
      intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients undergoing cytoreduction for advanced
      intra-abdominal malignancy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cytoreduction coupled with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
      (HIPEC) is an attractive treatment option for a select group of patients with
      abdominal-only malignancy. The present phase I study examined the safety and
      pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) used in
      the context of HIPEC in patients with advanced abdominal-only malignancies.
      METHODS: Patients with advanced abdominal malignancies underwent maximal
      cytoreduction and HIPEC with escalating doses of PLD (15-100 mg/m(2)). Perfusate,
      serum, and tissue doxorubicin levels were measured in five patients undergoing
      HIPEC at the maximum tolerated dose. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were enrolled
      in this trial. The maximum dose evaluated in this trial was 100 mg/m(2) and was
      well tolerated. The most common grade 3/4 complications were superficial wound
      infection and prolonged ileus. One patient developed an anastomotic leak in the
      postoperative period, requiring re-exploration. The median postoperative length
      of stay was 7 days (range, 4-29 days), three patients required readmissions
      within 30 days, and there were no operative mortalities The median follow-up time
      for was 13.7 months (range, 3-38 months). The median overall survival was 30.6
      months with a median disease-free survival of 25 months. CONCLUSIONS: We report
      that HIPEC with PLD following maximal cytoreduction in patients with advanced
      abdominal-only gastrointestinal or gynecologic malignancies is well tolerated.
      Encouraging survival after cytoreduction and HIPEC with PLD suggest that a phase
      II trial to verify activity is indicated.

PMID- 18157577
TI  - Morphological distribution of metastatic foci in sentinel lymph nodes with
      gastric cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The TNM classification defines micrometastasis (MM) and isolated
      tumor cells (ITC) in lymph nodes (LN). Sentinel node (SN) navigation surgery has
      been introduced in gastrointestinal cancer. Few reports have examined the
      morphological distribution of MM and ITC of SN in gastric cancer. The purpose of
      this study was to clarify the clinical significance of the morphological
      distribution of cancer cells in SNs according to metastasis (MA), MM, and ITC.
      METHODS: All dissected LNs obtained from 160 consecutive patients with mapped SNs
      arising from cT1-2 N0 tumors were examined. Metastasis in these LNs was examined
      by histology and cytokeratin staining. The distribution of MA, MM, and ITC was
      classified as marginal sinus (MS), intermediate sinus (IS), parenchymal (PA), and
      diffuse types (DF). RESULTS: Nodal metastases were detected in 65 SNs from 30
      patients and MA, MM, and ITC accounted for 53.9%, 21.5%, and 24.6%, respectively.
      MS, IS, PA, and DF accounted for 57%, 6%, 17%, and 20.0%, respectively. Patients
      with metastasis of non-MS had more nodal metastasis in non-SNs (P = .025) and had
      nodal metastasis in second tier (P = .009), compared with the patients with
      metastasis of MS. The incidence of metastasis in non-MS was higher in tumors
      larger than 40 mm than those smaller than 40 mm (P = .011). CONCLUSION: When
      performing SN navigation surgery in gastric cancer, we should keep in mind that
      the patients with tumor larger than 40 mm in size and nodal metastasis of non-MS
      may have non-SN metastasis and nodal metastasis in second tier.

PMID- 18157578
TI  - Isolated chemotherapeutic perfusion of pelvis as neoadjuvant or palliative
      therapy for advanced cancer of the rectum.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Previously irradiated recurrent rectal cancer is a formidable
      patient threat with limited treatment options. Isolated pelvic perfusion (IPP) by
      the balloon-occlusion technique provides high-dose regional chemotherapy that may
      facilitate resection if appropriate or palliate pain and fungating tumor mass in
      the symptomatic patient. We currently report our results in 49 recurrent rectal
      cancer patients (26 had neoadjuvant IPP with intent to resect and 23 had IPP for
      palliation). METHODS: IPP was done for 1 hour with paclitaxel 30 mg/m(2), 5
      fluorouracil 1500 mg/m(2), cisplatin/oxaliplatin 60-130 mg/m(2), and mitomycin C
      10 to 15 mg/m(2) (the latter three achieving pelvic-to-systemic drug ratios of 6
      9:1). RESULTS: Neoadjuvant perfusion in 26 patients achieved a response in 14
      patients (made resectable). Seven had R0 resections (clear margins), six by
      abdominal sacral resection (ABSR), and one by an extended APR. Of seven other
      patients, one had a complete pathologic response negating planned resection, one
      had >50% tumor regression in pelvis (but developed distant metastases), and three
      refused ABSR. Planned ABSR in two patients was aborted because of complicating
      cardiovascular issues. A variety of medical and cancer issues precluded resection
      in the remaining 12 of these 26 neoadjuvant patients. Within the neoadjuvant
      group, median survival was 24 months in the responding (made resectable) group
      (14 patients) and it was 8 months in the non-resectable group (12 patients), p =
      0.0001. In the responding (made resectable) group, seven patients had R0
      resections (median survival 26 months) and seven patients were not resected
      (median survival 18 months), p = 0.0198. In the IPP group for palliation, 17 of
      23 patients (74%) had significant relief of pain, and other tumor-related
      symptoms (mean survival 11 months). CONCLUSION: Isolated pelvic perfusion using a
      simplified balloon-occlusion technique has promise in palliation of or augmenting
      resectability of advanced rectal malignancy in patients not amenable to treatment
      with conventional modalities.

PMID- 18157579
TI  - Non-invasive PET imaging of EGFR degradation induced by a heat shock protein 90
      inhibitor.
AB  - PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to non-invasively monitor the epidermal growth
      factor receptor (EGFR) response to a Hsp90 inhibitor-17-AAG treatment in a PC-3
      prostate cancer model. PROCEDURES: Nude mice bearing PC-3 tumor were injected
      intraperitoneally with 17-AAG and then imaged with micro positron emission
      tomography (microPET) using (64)Cu-DOTA-cetuximab. Biodistribution studies,
      immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot were performed to validate the
      microPET results. RESULTS: PC-3 cells are sensitive to 17-AAG treatment in a dose
      dependent manner. Quantitative microPET showed that (64)Cu-DOTA-cetuximab has
      prominent tumor activity accumulation in untreated tumors (14.6 +/- 2.6%ID/g) but
      significantly lower uptake in 17-AAG-treated tumors (8.9 +/- 1.6% ID/g) at 24 h
      post-injection. Both immunofluorescence staining and Western blot confirmed the
      significantly lower EGFR expression level in the tumor tissue upon 17-AAG
      treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The early response to anti-Hsp90 therapy was successfully
      monitored by quantitative PET using (64)Cu-DOTA-cetuximab, which indicates that
      this approach may be valuable in monitoring the therapeutic response to Hsp90
      inhibitor 17-AAG in EGFR-positive cancer patients.

PMID- 18157580
TI  - Semiautomated radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of [18F]FEAU: a novel PET
      imaging agent for HSV1-tk/sr39tk reporter gene expression.
AB  - 2'-deoxy-2'-[(18)F]fluoro-5-ethyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil ([(18)F]FEAU)
      is a promising radiolabeled nucleoside designed to monitor Herpes Simplex Virus
      Type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) reporter gene expression with positron emission
      tomography (PET). However, the challenging radiosynthesis creates problems for
      being able to provide [(18)F]FEAU routinely. We have developed a routine method
      using a commercial GE TRACERlab FX-FN radiosynthesis module with customized
      equipment to provide [(18)F]FEAU. All radiochemical yields are decay corrected to
      end-of-bombardment and reported as means +/- SD. Radiofluorination (33 +/- 8%; n
      = 4), bromination (85 +/- 8%; n = 4), coupling reaction (83 +/- 6%; n = 4), base
      hydrolysis steps, and subsequent high-performance liquid chromatography
      purification afforded purified [(18)F]FEAU beta-anomer in 5 +/- 1% overall yield
      (n = 3 runs) after approximately 5.5 h and a beta/alpha-anomer ratio of 7.4.
      Radiochemical/chemical purities and specific activity exceeded 99% and 1.3
      Ci/micromol (48 GBq/micromol), respectively. In cell culture, [(18)F]FEAU showed
      significantly (P < 0.05) higher accumulation in C6 cells expressing HSV1
      tk/sr39tk as compared to wild-type C6 cells. Furthermore, [(18)F]FEAU showed
      slightly higher accumulation than 9-[4-[(18)F]fluoro-3
      (hydroxymethyl)butylguanine ([(18)F]FHBG) in cells expressing HSV1-tk (P < 0.05),
      whereas [(18)F]FHBG showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) accumulation than
      [(18)F]FEAU in HSV1-sr39tk-expressing cells. micro-PET imaging of mice carrying
      tumor xenografts of C6 cells stably expressing HSV1-tk or HSV1-sr39tk are
      consistent with the cell uptake results. The [(18)F]FEAU mouse images also showed
      very low gastrointestinal signal with predominant renal clearance as compared to
      [(18)F]FHBG. The routine radiosynthesis of [(18)F]FEAU was successfully
      semiautomated using a commercial module along with customized equipment to
      provide the beta-anomer in modest yields. Although further studies are needed,
      early results also suggest [(18)F]FEAU is a promising PET radiotracer for
      monitoring HSV1-tk reporter gene expression.

PMID- 18157581
TI  - Community-based preferences for stool cards versus colonoscopy in colorectal
      cancer screening.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In the United States, compliance with colorectal cancer (CRC)
      screening recommendations remains suboptimal. Professional organizations advocate
      use of shared decision making in screening test discussions, but strategies to
      facilitate informed choice in CRC screening have not been well elucidated.
      OBJECTIVE: The objectives of the study were to determine screening test
      preference among colonoscopy-naive adults after considering a detailed, written
      presentation of fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and colonoscopy and to assess
      whether their preferences are associated with demographic characteristics,
      attitudes, and knowledge. DESIGN: The design of the study was a cross-sectional
      survey. PARTICIPANTS: Colonoscopy-naive supermarket shoppers age 40-79 in low-
      and middle-income, multiethnic neighborhoods in Denver, CO, reviewed a detailed,
      side-by-side description of FOBT and colonoscopy and answered questions about
      test preference, strength of preference, influence of physician recommendation,
      basic knowledge of CRC, and demographic characteristics. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
      RESULTS: Descriptive statistics characterized the sample, and bivariate and
      multivariable logistic regression analyses identified correlates of screening
      test preference. In a diverse sample of 323 colonoscopy-naive adults, 53%
      preferred FOBT, and 47% preferred colonoscopy for CRC screening. Individuals of
      Latino ethnicity and those with lower educational attainment were more likely to
      prefer FOBT than non-Latino whites and those with at least some college. Almost
      half of the respondents felt "very strongly" about their preferences, and one
      third said they would adhere to their choice regardless of physician
      recommendation. CONCLUSION: After considering a detailed, side-by-side comparison
      of the FOBT and colonoscopy, a large proportion of community-dwelling,
      colonoscopy-naive adults prefer FOBT over colonoscopy for CRC screening. In light
      of professional guidelines and time-limited primary care visits, it is important
      to develop improved ways of facilitating informed patient decision making for CRC
      screening.

PMID- 18157582
TI  - Strength of the evidence: adjuvant therapy for resected pancreatic cancer.
AB  - Pancreatic cancer remains one of the greatest challenges within oncology. Among
      resected patients, 5-year survival is typically only 10-25%. Among eight major
      randomized trials for resected pancreas cancer, five (GITSG, EORTC, ESPAC-1, RTOG
      9704, and CONKO-1), containing a total of over 1,200 patients, have shaped world
      opinion on this subject. These trials have many significant methodological
      differences. Major conclusions that can be drawn from these trials in composite
      are (1) adjuvant chemotherapy is superior to observation following
      pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer, (2) gemcitabine is superior to 5
      FU as adjuvant chemotherapy, and (3) the benefit of adjuvant chemoradiation is
      uncertain. Additional randomized trials are needed to address significant areas
      of controversy within available data.

PMID- 18157583
TI  - Frequency with which surgeons undertake pancreaticoduodenectomy continues to
      determine length of stay, hospital charges, and in-hospital mortality.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: This study was undertaken to determine changes in the frequency of,
      volume of, and outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy 6 years after a study
      denoted that, in Florida, the frequency and volume of pancreaticoduodenectomy
      impacted outcome. METHODS: Using the State of Florida Agency for Health Care
      Administration database, the frequency and volume of pancreaticoduodenectomy was
      correlated with average length of hospital stay (ALOS), in-hospital mortality,
      and hospital charges for identical periods in 1995-1997 and 2003-2005. RESULTS:
      Compared to 1995-1997, 88% more pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in 2003
      2005 by 6% fewer surgeons; the majority of pancreaticoduodenectomies were
      conducted by surgeons doing <1 pancreaticoduodenectomy every 2 months. In
      hospital mortality rate did not decrease from 1995-1997 to 2003-2005 (5.1 to
      5.9%); in-hospital mortality rate increased for surgeons undertaking <1
      pancreaticoduodenectomy every 2 months (5.5 to 12.3%, p<0.01). For 2003-2005,
      frequency with which pancreaticoduodenectomy is conducted inversely correlates
      with ALOS (p=0.001), hospital charges (p=0.001), and in-hospital mortality
      (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In Florida, more pancreaticoduodenectomies are carried
      out by fewer surgeons. Mortality has not decreased because of surgeons
      infrequently performing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Most pancreaticoduodenectomies
      are still undertaken by surgeons who conduct pancreaticoduodenectomy infrequently
      with greater lengths of stay, hospital costs, and in-hospital mortality rates. To
      an even greater extent than previously documented, patients are best served by
      surgeons frequently performing pancreaticoduodenectomy.

PMID- 18157584
TI  - Differential proteomic analysis of HeLa cells treated with Honokiol using a
      quantitative proteomic strategy.
AB  - Honokiol (HNK) is an active component purified from Magnolia officinalis. HNK
      exhibits antitumor effects by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the growth of
      many cancer cell lines, while proteins involved in antitumor effects in proteomic
      level are still unclear. In our study, HNK could inhibit HeLa cell proliferation
      and induce apoptosis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. We utilized a
      quantitative proteomic technique termed SILAC (Stable isotope labeling with amino
      acids in cell culture)-MS (mass spectrometry) to study the differential proteomic
      profiling of HeLa cells treated by HNK. A total of 85 proteins were changed after
      HeLa cells were treated with 12 microg/ml HNK for 8 h, and 8 proteins showed up
      regulation while 77 proteins down-regulated. The changed proteins were classified
      into 9 different categories, which covered a broad variety of cellular functions.
      In conclusion, HNK performs cytotoxicity to HeLa cells through co-operating of
      many proteins and different pathways.

PMID- 18157585
TI  - Recombinant tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-3 protein induces apoptosis of
      murine osteoblast MC3T3-E1.
AB  - Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) plays an essential role in the
      regulation of bone metabolism. Here we report that recombinant tissue
      metalloproteinase inhibitor-3 (TIMP-3) protein induces the apoptosis of MC3T3-E1
      osteoblasts. Cell apoptosis was detected by sandwich-enzyme-immunoassay. Fas and
      Fasl protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis. The enzyme
      substrate was used to assess the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8. The
      phosphorylation of JNK, p38 and ERK1/2 was examined by Western blot analysis. The
      ELISA suggested that TIMP-3 promoted MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis. TIMP-3 treatment
      induced the expression of Fas and Fasl proteins, and the activation of caspase-8
      and caspase-3. TIMP-3 treatment induced p38 and ERK phosphorylation. SB203580 and
      PD98059, the inhibitor of p38 and ERK, respectively, abolished the TIMP-3 effect
      on osteoblast apoptosis. In conclusion, the signal pathway through which TIMP-3
      induces MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis, mediated by Fas and involves the p38 and ERK
      signal transduction pathways.

PMID- 18157586
TI  - Identification and characterisation of arsenite (+3 Oxidation State)
      methyltransferase (AS3MT) in mouse neuroblastoma cell line N1E-115.
AB  - Handling and detoxification of metals by enzymes is a major issue that is not in
      the focus of current biomedical research concepts. The finding of the presence of
      arsenic (+3 Oxidation State) methyltransferase (AS3MT) in neuroblastoma cells NE
      115 as a high abundance protein made us investigate primary structure of AS3MT
      reflecting an example of metal-handling in eucaryotes. Proteins extracted from NE
      115 cells were run on 2-DE followed by two different mass spectrometrical
      methods. High sequence coverage was obtained by multiple protease digestion and a
      sequence conflict was solved at arginine 335. These findings are important when
      future studies on this enzyme are designed at the protein level and in
      particular, when antibodies against this protein will be generated.

PMID- 18157587
TI  - The role of heme oxygenase-1 in down regulation of PGE2 production by taurine
      chloramine and taurine bromamine in J774.2 macrophages.
AB  - Taurine chloramine (TauCl) and taurine bromamine (TauBr), products of
      myeloperoxidase halide system, exert anti-inflammatory properties. TauCl was
      demonstrated to inhibit the production of a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators
      including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dependent production of prostaglandin E(2)
      (PGE(2)). Recently we have demonstrated that both major leukocyte haloamines,
      TauCl and TauBr, induced expression of HO-1 in non-activated and LPS-activated
      J774.2 macrophages. In this study, we have shown that TauCl and TauBr, at non
      cytotoxic concentrations, inhibited the production of (PGE(2)) without altering
      the expression of COX-2 protein, in LPS/IFN-gamma stimulated J774.2 cells. The
      inhibitory effect of TauCl and TauBr was reversed by chromium III mesoporhyrin
      (CrMP), an inhibitor of HO-1 activity. Our data suggest that HO-1 might
      participate in anti-inflammatory effects of TauCl/TauBr possibly by inhibition of
      COX-2 activity and decrease of PGE(2) production.

PMID- 18157588
TI  - Improved prediction of subcellular location for apoptosis proteins by the dual
      layer support vector machine.
AB  - Apoptosis proteins play an important role in the development and homeostasis of
      an organism. The accurate prediction of subcellular location for apoptosis
      proteins is very helpful for understanding the mechanism of apoptosis and their
      biological functions. However, most of the existing predictive methods are
      designed by utilizing a single classifier, which would limit the further
      improvement of their performances. In this paper, a novel predictive method,
      which is essentially a multi-classifier system, has been proposed by combing a
      dual-layer support vector machine (SVM) with multiple compositions including
      amino acid composition (AAC), dipeptide composition (DPC) and amphiphilic pseudo
      amino acid composition (Am-Pse-AAC). As a demonstration, the predictive
      performance of our method was evaluated on two datasets of apoptosis proteins,
      involving the standard dataset ZD98 generated by Zhou and Doctor, and a larger
      dataset ZW225 generated by Zhang et al. With the jackknife test, the overall
      accuracies of our method on the two datasets reach 94.90% and 88.44%,
      respectively. The promising results indicate that our method can be a
      complementary tool for the prediction of subcellular location.

PMID- 18157589
TI  - [Bronchial carcinoma--light on the horizon!].

PMID- 18157590
TI  - [Upcoming strategies in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer stage
      IIIB/wet and IV].
AB  - Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common malign lung tumour. It is
      diagnosed in the majority of patients at an advanced stage without a chance for
      cure despite substantial progress in the therapeutic armamentarium. The
      therapeutic goals in this situation are prolongation of life and symptom
      palliation. Both the classical chemotherapy as well as modern therapeutic
      strategies (tyrosinkinase inhibitors, bevacizumab) are able to achieve these
      goals. It is currently unclear how to incorporate the new strategies into first
      line therapy. At the ASCO congress 2007 numerous studies were presented for first
      line therapy of advanced NSCLC. A large phase III study with bevacizumab and a
      study with Docetaxel maintenance therapy are to be discussed in detail, followed
      by a short presentation of a study with platinum-free combinations, a new
      platinum combination with pemetrexed/carboplatin, the chemotherapy of patients
      with PS (2/3), and interesting studies with cetuximab.

PMID- 18157591
TI  - [NSCLC: update on second line therapy following ASCO 2007].
AB  - Since the year 2000 second line therapy for pre-treated non-small cell lung
      cancer patients has been established. There are currently two chemotherapeutic
      agents - docetaxel (Taxotere) and pemetrexed (Alimta) - which have been approved
      for second line treatment in Austria in addition to the tyrosinkinase-inhibitor
      erlotinib (Tarceva). In randomised trials these agents have shown a clear
      advantage over best supportive care in pre-treated patients in terms of overall
      survival and quality of life. However, these compounds also cause considerable
      drug-specific toxicities. Therefore there is an urgent need for new treatment
      options with higher efficacy and a lower burden of toxicity. At ASCO 2007,
      results of randomised trials were presented concerning new chemotherapeutic
      agents, such as vinflunine as well as targeting agents such as gefitinib, without
      affecting outcome. Another trial comparing a standard dose of pemetrexed with a
      higher dose also showed no improvement in outcome. A comparison of immediate
      application with delayed application of docetaxel after primary treatment
      demonstrated improved progression-free survival in selected patients in the
      immediate study arm but this did not translate to a survival benefit. The results
      of these trials may add further treatment options to the present portfolio of
      agents and concepts in this setting and give some optimism for the near future.
      At present, no changes need to be made in the options for standard second-line
      treatment of NSCLC in view of the results presented at ASCO 2007.

PMID- 18157592
TI  - ["Targeted Therapies" in NSCLC - present and future].
AB  - During the last decades considerable progress has been made in the treatment of
      Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) especially resulting from the introduction of
      chemotherapy. Based on the results of basic-science, a new era of medical
      oncology has now been entered. Targets of pivotal importance for the development
      and perpetuation of malignant proliferation have been identified and
      pharmaceutical compounds against these structures have been developed ("Targeted
      Therapies"). The resulting broadening of the therapeutic armamentarium has
      already changed some of the treatment-guidelines. At the same time, a large
      number of new drugs has entered the stage of clinical development and every
      oncologist is confronted with a large amount of new data and the resulting
      difficulties to keep up to date. Accordingly, the aim of this review is to
      provide an update on the most important recent developments in the field of
      "Targeted Therapy" against NSCLC.

PMID- 18157593
TI  - [Biomarkers - the way towards individualized chemotherapy in non-small cell lung
      cancer (NSCLC)].
AB  - Tumor biology is increasingly important when choosing the optimal therapy for
      patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A number of potential
      biomarkers is under investigation in the hope that it will be possible to
      identify markers that assist in the selection of patients for specific therapies
      in the future. Patients with an elevated DNA repair capacity, indicated by an
      increased tumoral expression of excision repair cross complementation group-1
      (ERCC1) or ribonucleotid reductase subunit M1 (RRM1) may benefit less from
      cisplatin-based and gemcitabine-based chemotherapy, respectively. Overexpression
      of the cell cycle regulator p27 affects response to various anticancer drugs and
      increased levels of class III beta-Tubulin are associated with taxane resistance.
      Promising results so far suggest that customized therapy for individual patients
      with the help of predictive biomarkers is possible and it is likely that this
      strategy will improve treatment of NSCLC in the future.

PMID- 18157594
TI  - [Updated strategies in Small Cell Lung Cancer post ASCO 2007].
AB  - Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) is associated with intensive nicotine consumption
      and characterized by a very aggressive growth rate. Furthermore, metastases often
      appear very early. At the annual meeting of the "American Society of Clinical
      Oncology" (ASCO) 2007, recent issues which will influence the daily clinical
      practice were presented. New chemotherapy combinations such as
      carboplatin/irinotecan or pemetrexed as well as targeted therapies e.g.
      bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy could extend our therapeutic
      options. A genetic polymorphism, which influences the pharmacokinetic of
      irinotecan, turned out to be one reason for the different outcome of an
      irinotecan/cisplatin therapy in a Japanese and Northern American population. In
      the field of radiotherapy, a phase III study showed for the first time a
      significant benefit in overall survival by prophylactic cranial radiation in the
      setting of extensive disease.

PMID- 18157595
TI  - [Wound healing effects of a Symphytum herb extract cream (Symphytum x uplandicum
      NYMAN: ): results of a randomized, controlled double-blind study].
AB  - METHOD: Wound healing effects of a topically applied preparation (Traumaplant)
      containing a concentrate (10 % active ingredient) from the aerial parts of
      medicinal comfrey (Symphytum x uplandicum NYMAN: ) were examined in a randomized
      clinical double-blind study including 278 patients with fresh abrasions (verum: n
      = 137), among them 64 patients of up to 20 years of age (verum n = 29, reference
      product n = 35). An otherwise identical low-dose preparation (1 % active
      ingredient; n = 141) was used as a reference. RESULTS: After 2-3 days of
      application of the study medication a highly significantly and clinically
      relevantly faster initial reduction of wound size of 49 + or - 19 % versus 29 +
      or - 13 % per day in favour of verum (p < 5x10(-21)) was found. From linear
      regression time to complete healing was determined to be 2.97 days faster with
      verum than with reference (4.08 vs. 7.05 days, p = 7.4 x 10(-45) in the t-Test
      comparison of regression lines). The physicians rated efficacy as good to very
      good in 93.4 % of cases, as compared to 61.7 % in the group treated with the
      reference product (p = 2 x 10(-11)). On a scale of 0-100 verum was rated with
      84.4 + or - 10.1 points by the patients themselves. The reference product was
      rated with 65.5 + or - 24.8 points (p = 6.1 x 10(-18)). In subgroup analyses no
      significant influence of abrasion area, gender and age on healing effects was
      found, albeit a tendency towards better effects with increasing age was observed.
      No adverse effects or problems with drug tolerability occurred. Specifically,
      cutaneous reactions were observed in none of the patients throughout the 10 day
      observation phase. CONCLUSIONS: Symphytum herb extract can be attributed distinct
      wound healing effects, effects that can explicitly be used in paediatry.

PMID- 18157597
TI  - [Bevacizumab in the first-line therapy of advanced NSCLC].
AB  - The angiogenesis inhibitor bevacizumab, a VEGF antagonist, was approved in the
      European Union in August 2007 for the first-line therapy of inoperable, advanced
      or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer, in combination with a platin-based
      chemotherapy regimen. Tumors with predominantly squamous-cell histology must be
      excluded. Two recent phase-III studies have shown that bevacizumab, combined with
      carboplatin and paclitaxel (E4599) or cisplatin and gemcitabine (AVAiL),
      significantly prolongs overall survival and/or progression-free survival. The
      most common adverse events during therapy with bevacizumab are hypertension and
      proteinuria - both are usually well manageable. By applying correct patient
      selection criteria the risk of pulmonary bleeding can be greatly reduced.

PMID- 18157598
TI  - [TRUST study: general practice relevant data on erlotinib in NSCLC].

PMID- 18157600
TI  - Parasites and pregnancy.

PMID- 18157601
TI  - [From antiseptics to aseptic].

PMID- 18157603
TI  - Bronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma presenting as unilateral hyperlucent lung
      (Swyer-James-McLeod syndrome).

PMID- 18157602
TI  - [Small cell lung cancer].
AB  - With about 20% of all lung cancers small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents a
      major subset of this entity. Although therapeutic improvements did not receive as
      much attention as in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), many small steps of
      clinical progress have been achieved within the last 20 years. An optimal
      treatment should be based on an interdisciplinary treatment plan. The standard
      treatment in localized stages represents combined radiation and chemotherapy.
      Cisplatin and etoposide are in this concern considered as a gold standard. 3D
      planned conformal radiotherapy should start as early as possible and should be
      applied concomitantly to chemotherapy and in certain cases even in a
      hyperfractionated treatment protocol. In very early stages surgical resection
      could be an option in selected cases. In advanced stages a platinum-based doublet
      offers high response rates. As already established in limited disease
      prophylactic cranial irradiation is now also indicated in extensive disease in
      case of any tumor remission. In the second line treatment and in patients with
      reduced performance status topotecan is recommended. Similar as in NSCLC
      pemetrexed might become an alternative treatment option in the second line
      setting. In the field of new targeted therapies bevacizumab achieved the most
      promising results. The present review highlights historical milestones and up-to
      date trends in radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. Furthermore, the role of
      experimental strategies and the management of certain special clinical situations
      are discussed.

PMID- 18157604
TI  - Increased prevalence of intestinal helminth infection during pregnancy in a Sub
      Saharan African community.
AB  - Gestation is a unique physiologic state that carries with it several immunologic
      consequences and results in changing susceptibility to various diseases. In
      contrast to the well recognized excess vulnerability of primiparous women to
      Plasmodium falciparum infection in areas of high malaria transmission, it is not
      known whether pregnancy is associated with a higher prevalence of helminth
      infection. In Lambarene, Gabon, 105 pregnant women were recruited and matched
      with non-gravid female controls. The prevalence of intestinal helminths was 66%
      (n=58) in the pregnant participants and 36% (n=32) in the non-pregnant controls
      (P<0.001). In multivariate analysis the pregnancy status was an independent risk
      factor for being infected with intestinal helminths (AOR and 95% CI: 3.0 [1.4
      5.9]). These data show a previously undescribed susceptibility pattern of
      pregnant women to intestinal helminth infection in a sub-Saharan African
      community.

PMID- 18157605
TI  - Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis of unknown etiology caused by contaminated
      drinking water in a rural village in Austria, August 2006.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In August 2006 a physician from a rural village reported an outbreak
      of acute gastroenteritis. An investigation was undertaken in order to determine
      the magnitude of the outbreak, the source of infection and to prevent further
      disease. This is the first published outbreak of acute gastroenteritis caused by
      contaminated drinking water in Austria. METHODS: For descriptive epidemiology,
      the investigators had to rely on voluntary cooperation from physicians and
      patients, data collected by a police officer and data on sick leave reported by
      physicians to the health insurance system. RESULTS: Microbiological testing of
      water samples indicated that this cluster was caused by fecal contamination of
      untreated drinking water. Age and sex distributions were available for 146 of 160
      cases: ages ranged from 5 to 91 years (median 45) and 81 cases (55.5%) were
      female. Stool samples from 14 patients were sent for microbiological analysis:
      all tested negative for Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella and Yersinia
      enterocolitica. Specimens were not tested for viruses, parasites or
      enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. DISCUSSION: In this outbreak no identification
      was made of pathogenic microorganisms in stool samples from affected patients,
      despite the occurrence of fecal indicator organisms in samples of drinking water.
      In outbreaks of gastroenteritis, medical practitioners should encourage
      microbiological testing beyond the limited routine program. Public health
      officers must be made aware that the spectrum of routine laboratory tests on
      stool specimens does not cover the wide array of pathogens capable of causing
      waterborne outbreaks. The springs serving the affected village originate in a
      mountainous area of karst formations, and heavy falls of rain that occurred at
      the beginning of the outbreak may explain introduction of fecal bacteria. In view
      of the unsolved problem of possible future contamination of springs in karst
      areas, the water department of this district authority has issued an order
      requesting installation of a permanent ultraviolet water-treatment facility.

PMID- 18157606
TI  - Ten years of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a comparison between a developed and a
      less developed country.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare the specific features and outcomes of laparoscopic
      cholecystectomy in two university hospitals, one in a developing country, Bosnia
      Herzegovina, and the other in a well developed country, Italy. METHODS: Between
      January 1996 and December 2005, a total of 2018 patients underwent laparoscopic
      cholecystectomy in Mostar Clinical Hospital, Bosnia-Herzegovina (1066) and in
      Chieti University Hospital, Chieti, Italy (952). Differences in patients'
      presentations, diagnostic protocols, medication, surgical treatment,
      complications and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: The number of patients with
      life-threatening conditions was lower in Italy (15 or 1.5% vs. 53 or 4.9%;
      P<0.001), as was the use of analgesia and antibiotics (131 or 13.96% vs. 873 or
      81.97%; P<0.001). Open-access biliary surgery was rare in Italy, where the vast
      majority of patients were operated laparoscopically; only 44 (4.41%) patients had
      open-access surgery, including 35 (3.61%) conversion patients. In comparison,
      1669 (61%) patients in Bosnia-Herzegovina underwent open-access operations. There
      was a significant difference, in favor of the Italian hospital, in the number of
      surgical complications (8 or 0.84% vs. 40 or 3.75%; P<0.002) and also in the
      number of postoperative infections following surgical incision (0 or 0.0% vs. 6
      or 0.56%; P<0.033). CONCLUSIONS: It is encouraging for surgeons in Bosnia
      Herzegovina to find that satisfactory results can be achieved in a developing
      country. However, the number of complications encountered in the Mostar hospital
      emphasizes the need for further improvement of surgical technique through better
      structured training combined with strict supervision of junior staff. The finding
      of postoperative infections in the Bosnia-Herzegovina hospital, despite that
      their occurrence was relatively rare, highlights the necessity for further
      improvement of hospital infection control.

PMID- 18157607
TI  - Chylous cyst formation following laparoscopic fundoplication.
AB  - Formation of an abdominal chylous cyst is a rare event, predominantly occurring
      after spinal, vascular or urologic retroperitoneal surgery. As far as we know,
      the presented case is the first report in the literature of chylous cyst
      formation after laparoscopic fundoplication. A 57-year-old man with a history of
      a conservatively treated spinal compression fracture (T11/12) underwent
      laparoscopic fundoplication in 1996 for recurrent heartburn with insufficient
      response to treatment with PPI. His reflux symptoms disappeared but over the
      following years he developed intermittent abdominal pain in the right upper
      quadrant. Gastroscopy in 2002 revealed a slight compression of the distal
      esophagus. CT scan revealed a cystic formation next to the distal esophagus which
      was initially interpreted to be part of the fundoplicate itself. Aggravation of
      symptoms and weight loss was noted in 2006. A further CT scan revealed a 7 cm
      cyst along the fundoplicate and the lesser curvature of the stomach. The cyst was
      subsequently drained laparoscopically. Cholesterol (351 mg/d), LDL-cholesterol
      (263 mg/dl), triglycerides (334 mg/dl) and chylomicrons led to the diagnosis
      chylous cyst and the patient was put on a medium-chain triglyceride diet. After
      12 weeks the discharge stopped and the drain was removed. The patient remained
      symptom-free for seven months but then presented again with the same complaints.
      This time an even larger cyst was diagnosed, extending from the lesser curvature
      of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus up to the right atrium. A Roux-en-Y
      chylous cystojejunostomy was then performed and has solved the problem up to the
      present. A chylous cyst may develop after laparoscopic fundoplication. If simple
      drainage fails, a cystojejunostomy can solve this problem.

PMID- 18157608
TI  - [Steatohepatitis and cirrhosis: first manifestation 23 years after jejunoileal
      bypass surgery].
AB  - Intestinal shunting procedures followed by gastrointestinal bypass surgery have
      been used as therapeutic modalities in the treatment of morbid obesity since the
      mid 1950s. Enthusiasm reached its peak in the early 1960s with the introduction
      of the jejunoileal bypass, however began to wane as various complications were
      identified in the remote postoperative period and later. Finally, the jejunoileal
      bypass was abandoned in the 1980s. Apart from renal disorders, it frequently
      resulted in abnormal liver function and liver failure which are attributed to
      fatty infiltration. We report a 56-year-old woman, who underwent jejunoileal
      bypass surgery 23 years ago. She was admitted to our ICU because of hepatic
      encephalopathy IV, caused by upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Beside hepatic
      encephalopathy there were signs of severe liver failure (INR 2.8, cholesterol 32
      mg/dl, ICG PDR 5%). Liver biopsy showed fatty infiltration and cirrhosis.
      Excluding other causes of liver disease, severe fatty liver disease following
      jejunoileal bypass surgery was diagnosed. The very late onset of severe liver
      disease emphasizes the importance of lifelong follow-up of these patients.

PMID- 18157609
TI  - [Austrian Guidelines for Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism].
AB  - Venous thromboembolism occurs in a significant number of patients in typical risk
      situations (e.g. surgery or trauma). However, in these special high-risk
      situations anticoagulants, particularly low molecular weight heparin, allow for a
      decrease in the number of venous thromboses, pulmonary embolisms and deaths
      caused by pulmonary embolism. Only the wide-spread and adequate use of
      antithrombotics can safeguard against venous thromboembolism in these various
      risk situations. Guidelines constitute an integrative part of quality management
      and ensure the application of evidence-based medicine. The present consensus on
      thrombosis prophylaxis in Austria has been elaborated by 23 experts in the fields
      of hemostasis research, angiology, surgery, orthopedics, internal medicine,
      anaesthesiology and pharmacology. The recommendations for the management of
      thrombosis prophylaxis in the fields of general surgery, orthopaedic and trauma
      surgery and internal medicine have been elaborated drawing on the Guidelines
      issued by the American College of Chest Physicians. Included are recommendations
      on indications as well as the choice of antithrombotics, dose and duration of
      therapy for the various conditions. The Austrian Guidelines for Venous
      Thromboembolism Prophylaxis are meant to be a basis for standardising procedures
      in the above-mentioned fields, thus contributing to an improved management of
      risk situations by physicians and health care staff and providing more safety for
      patients.

PMID- 18157610
TI  - Total maximum daily load (TMDL) based sustainable basin growth and management
      strategy.
AB  - This study focused on the development and application of the new approach 'Total
      Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) based sustainable basin growth and management strategy'
      to give better insight for the management of surface waters. The establishment of
      the proposed decision process mainly comprised: beneficial use designations
      targets, interrogation of the ambient water quality, selection of variable(s) for
      TMDL analysis, water quality modeling, basin growth scenarios development and
      decision on the basin growth plan. The approach was validated through a
      systematic application study in a field case in Turkey, known as Tahtali Basin.
      Results revealed that decision process assists policy makers to develop realistic
      strategies that take into account the basin specific conditions.

PMID- 18157611
TI  - Environmental management plan (EMP) for Melamchi water supply project, Nepal.
AB  - More than 1.5 million people live in the Kathmandu valley. The valley is facing
      an extreme shortage of water supply. At the same time the demand is escalating
      rapidly. To address this issue of scarcity of water, the government of Nepal has
      proposed a project of inter-basin transfer of water from Melamchi River located
      40 km north-east of the Kathmandu valley. The project will cover two districts
      and three municipalities and will potentially have significant impacts on the
      environment. In accordance with the Environmental Protection Regulation of Nepal
      (1997), the Melamchi Water Supply Project (MWSP) has undergone an EIA during the
      feasibility study stage of the proposed project. The recommendations contained in
      the EIA were integrated into the project design for implementation in 2006. This
      paper summarizes the background of MWSP, the environmental concerns described in
      the EIA and the status of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) developed to
      address environmental compliance and other issues involving participation and
      support of the local people. This paper also provides some lessons to learn on
      the modalities of addressing the demands and grievances of the local people
      concerning environmental management.

PMID- 18157612
TI  - Metal pollution assessment of sediment and water in the Shur River.
AB  - Intensified industrialization and human activities have resulted in the release
      of various contaminants into the environment. Among them, heavy metals are often
      present as a result of mining, milling and industrial manufacturing. In the
      present investigation, bulk concentrations Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca and Al in Shur
      River (Iran) bed sediments and water around the Sarcheshmeh copper mine were
      measured from several sample locations. In addition, partitioning was assessed to
      determine the proportions of metals in different forms. The degree of sediment
      contamination was evaluated using an Enrichment Factor (EF) and geo-accumulation
      index (I (geo)) and a newly developed pollution index (I (POLL)). Elevated metals
      in sediment and water were found to be correlated with areas of the river that
      were proximal to direct and indirect mining activities. Cadmium and Zn showed the
      highest pollution index. Cluster analysis was performed in order to assess heavy
      metal interactions between water and sediment. Chemical partitioning studies
      revealed that organic metallic bonds were not significantly present in the
      sediment of the Shur River.

PMID- 18157613
TI  - Dipyridamole stress echocardiography stratifies outcomes of asymptomatic patients
      with recent myocardial revascularization.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients with previous myocardial revascularization, even if symptom
      free, remain at risk of subsequent cardiac events, so that a non-invasive tool
      able to stratify this population is wishful. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prognostic
      value of dipyridamole stress echocardiography (DipSE) in a population of
      asymptomatic patients following complete myocardial revascularization, either by
      coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention
      (PCI). METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 104 consecutive symptom-free
      patients (mean age 67+/-9.3 years, 75 males) with recent (<12 months) complete
      myocardial revascularization (48% PCI, 52% CABG) undergoing DipSE. Ischemia was
      defined as the onset of a new or worsening wall motion abnormality during DipSE.
      The composite end point of the study was cardiac death and non-fatal acute
      coronary syndrome. RESULTS: Myocardial ischemia was identified in 23 patients
      (22.1%). During a mean follow up of 21 months, 7 (30.4%) out of these patients
      suffered cardiac events. Among the remaining 81 patients (77.9%) with negative
      DipSE results, 7 (8.6%) experienced cardiac events. At multivariable analysis
      only a positive DipSE (odds ratio 3.9, P=0.03), wall motion score index at peak
      of stress (OR 3.6, P=0.04) and a prior myocardial infarction (odds ratio 3.5,
      P=0.04) achieved statistical significance for cardiac events. Moreover, DipSE
      effectively stratified patients into a high and low risk group according to
      presence of inducible ischemia (event rate per year 16% vs 4.8%, P=0.02).
      CONCLUSIONS: DipSE yields appropriate risk stratification and provides
      incremental prognostic value over clinical variables even in asymptomatic
      patients with prior complete myocardial revascularization. A negative DipSE
      portends a benign prognosis (<5% event rate/year) in such population.

PMID- 18157614
TI  - mRNA secondary structure modulates the translation of organophosphate hydrolase
      (OPH) in E. coli.
AB  - Organophosphate hydrolases (OPHs), involved in hydrolytic cleavage of
      structurally diverse organophosphates are coded by a plasmid borne, highly
      conserved organophosphate degrading (opd) gene. An inverted repeat sequence found
      in the signal coding region of the opd gene was found to be responsible for
      inducing a stable stem loop structure with a DeltaG of -23.1 kcal/mol. This stem
      loop structure has shown significant influence on the expression levels of
      organophosphate hydrolase (OPH) in E. coli. When the signal coding region
      comprising the inverted repeat sequence was deleted a approximately 3.28 fold
      increase in the expression levels of OPH was noticed in E. coli BL21 cells.
      Mutations in the inverted repeat region, especially at the third position of the
      codon, to a non-complementary base destabilized the secondary structure of opd
      mRNA. When such opd variant, opd' was expressed, the expression levels were found
      to be similar to expression levels coded by the construct generated by deleting
      the signal peptide coding region. Deletion of signal peptide did not influence
      the folding and activity of OPH. Though high level induction has resulted in
      accumulation of OPH as inclusion bodies, modulation of expression levels by
      reducing the copy number of the expression plasmid, inducer concentration and
      growth temperature has produced majority of the protein in soluble and active
      form.

PMID- 18157615
TI  - Lifestyle at 3 years of age and quality of life (QOL) in first-year junior high
      school students in Japan: results of the Toyama Birth Cohort Study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether some effects of
      childhood lifestyles at 3 years of age are associated with quality of life (QOL)
      in first-year junior high school students (JHSS). METHOD: Lifestyles including
      sleep, physical activity and dietary habits of 9,674 3-year-old children were
      obtained by questionnaire between 1992 and 1994. Assessments were undertaken with
      the Dartmouth Primary Care Co-operative Project charts in 9,574 first-year JHSS
      in 2002. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationship
      between lifestyle in early childhood and QOL in first-year JHSS for the follow-up
      subjects. RESULTS: After adjusting for demographic and familial factors at
      baseline, the results showed that later bedtime [odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, P =
      0.043], later waking time (OR = 1.19, P = 0.039), short sleep duration (OR =
      1.15, P = 0.061), physical inactivity (OR = 1.48, P = 0.022), skipping breakfast
      (OR = 1.56, P = 0.003), irregular snacks (OR = 1.43, P < 0.001), and frequent
      instant noodle consumption (OR = 1.49, P = 0.007) in early childhood increased
      the risk of poor QOL in first-year JHSS. The relationships were reinforced by a
      significant linear trend for almost all factors considered at baseline to QOL in
      first-year JHSS. CONCLUSION: Early childhood lifestyle factors, especially
      dietary habits, at 3 years of age have significant effects on QOL in first-year
      JHSS. This suggests that interventions as early as 3 years of age should be
      considered.

PMID- 18157616
TI  - Impact of cognitive and physical impairment on carer burden and quality of life.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: How the cognitive and/or physical impairment experienced
      by care recipients impacts on their carers is not well understood. This study
      investigated the effect of type of impairment of care recipients on the level of
      burden and quality of life (QOL) of elderly Australian carers. METHODS: This
      article describes a nested cross-sectional substudy of 276 older women (aged 78
      83 years) enrolled in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health who
      indicated they were providing care for someone living with them. RESULTS: In this
      nationally representative sample of elderly women carers, 60% were looking after
      people (predominantly their husbands) who had both cognitive and physical
      impairments. Carers of people with both types of impairments had higher scores
      for objective burden of caring than those caring for people with either type of
      impairment alone. In contrast, scores for limitations on their own lives were
      higher among women caring for people with cognitive impairments (with or without
      physical impairments). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of elderly women caring for
      someone else are likely to suffer multifaceted burdens of caring.

PMID- 18157618
TI  - Sequence variations of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region are highly frequent events
      in familial breast cancer.
AB  - Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is known for its high frequencies of polymorphisms and
      mutations. The non-coding displacement (D)-loop, especially a mononucleotide
      repeat (poly-C) between 303 and 315 nucleotides (D310), has been recently
      identified as a frequent hotspot of mutations in human neoplasia, including
      breast cancer. To further explore the sequence variations of mitochondrial D-loop
      region in familial breast cancer and their possible associations with breast
      cancer risk, PCR-SSCP and direct DNA sequencing methods were used to detect the
      variants of the mtDNA D-Loop in 23 familial breast cancer patients as well as
      three high-risk cancer families. Compared to that in sporadic breast tumors
      (53.3%, 16/30) and healthy blood donors (6.7%, 2/30), we identified a total of
      126 sequence alterations in 23/23 (100%) of familial breast cancer patients,
      including eight novel nucleotide variants. Among these changes, A to G at nt.263,
      T to C at nt.489, T to C at nt.310, TC insertion at nt.311, CA deletion at
      nt.522, and C to G at nt.527 were highly frequent ones. In addition, among three
      high-risk cancer families, we found that individuals affected with breast cancer
      harbored more mtDNA sequence variants in mtDNA D310 area than other affected
      family members. Together, our data indicate that sequence variants within the
      mtDNA D-Loop region are frequent events in Chinese familial breast cancer
      patients. Some of these nucleotide abnormalities, particularly those in D310
      segment, might be involved in the breast carcinogenesis and could be included in
      a panel of molecular biomarkers for cancer susceptibility early-detection
      strategy.

PMID- 18157619
TI  - Solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry for the determination of trace
      terbutaline sulfate based on its inhibition oxidation of rhodamine 6G by sodium
      periodate.
AB  - When 1.00 mol l(-1) I(-) is used as ion perturber, rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G) can emit
      strong and stable room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) on filter paper
      substrate in KHC(8)H(4)O(4)-HCl buffer solution (pH = 3.50), heated at 70 degrees
      C for 10 min. NaIO(4) can oxidize Rh 6G, which makes the RTP signal quench.
      Terbutaline sulfate (TBS) can inhibit NaIO(4) from oxidizing Rh 6G, which makes
      the RTP signal of Rh 6G enhance sharply. The content of TBS is linear correlation
      to DeltaIp of the system. Based on the facts above, a new inhibition solid
      substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry (SS-RTP) for the determination of trace
      TBS has been established. The linear range of this method is 0.0104-2.08 pg spot(
      1) (corresponding concentration: 0.026-5.2 ng ml(-1), with a sample volume of 0.4
      microl) with a detection limit (L.D.) of 2.6 fg spot(-1) (corresponding
      concentration: 6.5 x 10(-12) g ml(-1)), and the regression equation of working
      curve is DeltaIp = 2.040 + 54.54 m(TBS) (pg spot(-1)), n = 6, correlation
      coefficient is 0.9994. For the samples containing 0.0104 pg spot(-1) and 2.08 pg
      spot(-1) TBS, the relative standard deviation (RSD) are 3.8% and 2.3% (n = 8),
      respectively, indicating good precision. This method has been applied to
      determination of trace TBS in the practical samples with satisfactory results.
      The reaction mechanism of NaIO(4) oxidizing Rh 6G to inhibit SS-RTP for the
      determination of trace TBS is also discussed.

PMID- 18157620
TI  - Quenching of pyrene fluorescence by calix[4]arene and calix[4]resorcinarenes.
AB  - Interactions involving calixarene and its derivatives are of major importance due
      to their widespread applications as unique hosts. Fluorescence from a common
      probe pyrene is used to study interactions involving calix[4]resorcinarene [1a]
      and its tetra-morpholine derivative [1b] in 1 M aqueous NaOH. These compounds
      efficiently quench the pyrene fluorescence. A comparison with the fluorescence
      quenching behavior of N-methylmorpholine clearly indicates the presence of long
      range interactions involving 1a and 1b; the interactions are specific to the
      calixarene molecular framework. This is not the case for a tetra-nitro
      substituted calix[4]arene [2b], an electron/charge acceptor quencher, as p
      nitrophenol also shows similar interactions with pyrene. Effectiveness of cesium
      as the quencher of pyrene fluorescence is reduced in the presence of
      electron/charge donating 1b; fluorescence enhancement is observed upon addition
      of cesium as the concentration of 1b is increased in the solution. The role of
      calixarene framework in interactions involving such compounds is established.

PMID- 18157621
TI  - Curing atrial fibrillation: Two decades of progress.
AB  - Since the original description of the Cox-Maze procedure two decades ago, there
      has been considerable refinement and expansion of surgical techniques for atrial
      fibrillation (AF). During this same time, there has been a parallel evolution of
      catheter-based ablation techniques designed to cure AF. Recent guidelines have
      been developed to guide patient selection for pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic
      options for therapy of AF. Understanding the mechanisms of AF will lead to better
      management strategies and improved patient outcomes.

PMID- 18157622
TI  - Trimetazidine protective effect against ischemia-induced susceptibility to
      ventricular fibrillation in pigs.
AB  - PURPOSE: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a possible consequence of brief
      myocardial ischemia. Such a short ischemia does not provoke cell damage, but
      induces changes in intracellular cardiac metabolism due to diminished oxygen
      supply to the heart. Trimetazidine (TMZ) is a drug able to restore the metabolic
      balance between fatty acid and glucose oxidation in ischemic myocardial cells.
      The aim of this double-blind study was to investigate TMZ effect on VF in pigs
      during short-term ischemia. METHODS: Ischemia was induced after thoracotomy by
      complete, but brief (1 min) occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary
      artery under electrical stimulation. The ventricular fibrillation threshold
      (VFT), heart rate (HR), various hemodynamic parameters and malondialdehyde (MDA)
      blood levels were measured before and during ischemia in two groups of eight
      anesthetized pigs. The mass of ischemic myocardial tissue was also evaluated.
      RESULTS: No effects on either the HR or the hemodynamic parameters were observed
      during myocardial ischemia, whereas TMZ increased the VFT and decreased both MDA
      blood levels (an index of lipid peroxidation) and the ischemic area. CONCLUSIONS:
      TMZ limited ischemia-induced electrical dysfunction leading to cardiac
      susceptibility to VF by decreasing lipid peroxidation and maintaining ionic
      homeostasis. TMZ could therefore provide protection against ischemia-induced VF.

PMID- 18157623
TI  - Objectively measured physical activity between children with autism spectrum
      disorders and children without disabilities during inclusive recess settings in
      Taiwan.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the percent time children with and
      without autism spectrum disorders (ASD) spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical
      activity (MVPA) during inclusive recess settings. Forty-eight children (ASD, 23
      boys and 1 girl; Non-ASD, 23 boys and 1 girl) aged 7-12 years from 14 schools had
      their physical activity during recess quantified using a uniaxial accelerometer
      over a 5-day in school period. Children with ASD were less active during overall
      recess, lunchtime, first and second morning recess compared to those without
      disabilities (p < .01). All children in this study did not achieve 40% of recess
      time in physical activity, suggesting that interventions for increasing physical
      activity of children during inclusive recess settings are warranted.

PMID- 18157625
TI  - A case study of preferential bestiality.
AB  - In a previous article, we presented phallometric data to illustrate a case of
      preferential bestiality or zoophilia (Earls & Lalumiere, Sex Abuse: J Res Treat,
      14:83-88, 2002). Based on the available literature, we argued that a marked
      preference for having sex with animals over sex with humans is extremely rare. In
      the present article, we describe a second case of zoophilia that challenges the
      widely held assumptions that men who have sex with animals are generally of below
      average intelligence and come from rural areas. In addition, we provide a brief
      review of a burgeoning quantitative literature using large groups of zoophiles
      recruited from internet sources. Although estimates of the prevalence of
      zoophilia are not possible at this time, it appears that zoophilia is not as rare
      as once thought and shares many features with other atypical sexual interests.

PMID- 18157624
TI  - Brief report: methods for acquiring structural MRI data in very young children
      with autism without the use of sedation.
AB  - We describe a protocol with which we achieved a 93% success rate in acquiring
      high quality MRI scans without the use of sedation in 2.5-4.5 year old children
      with autism, developmental delays, and typical development. Our main strategy was
      to conduct MRIs during natural nocturnal sleep in the evenings after the child's
      normal bedtime. Alternatively, with some older and higher functioning children,
      the MRI was conducted while the child was awake and watching a video. Both
      strategies relied heavily on the creation of a child and family friendly MRI
      environment and the involvement of parents as collaborators in the project.
      Scanning very young children with autism, typical development, and developmental
      delays without the use of sedation or anesthesia was possible in the majority of
      cases.

PMID- 18157626
TI  - Through evolution's eyes: extracting mate preferences by linking visual attention
      to adaptive design.
AB  - Information is crucial to decision-making, including mate choice decisions.
      Perceptual systems, such as attention, evolved in part to forage for reproductive
      information; consequently, these systems can be used to reveal mate preferences.
      Here, I consider the place of visual information in human mate choice and provide
      a rationale for pressing into service methods drawn from the attention literature
      for the study of mate choice decisions. Because visual attention is allocated
      automatically and selectively, it may be used to complement common methods of
      mate preference assessment, such as self-report questionnaires and measures of
      genital arousal, while avoiding some of the pitfalls of these methods. Beyond the
      utility of increasing confidence in extant research findings by employing
      relatively unobtrusive methods, visual attention paradigms can also allow
      researchers to explore a variety of questions that are rarely asked, such as
      those concerned with signal efficiency and tradeoffs in the assessment of mate
      value.

PMID- 18157627
TI  - Social perception of facial resemblance in humans.
AB  - Two lines of reasoning predict that highly social species will have mechanisms to
      influence behavior toward individuals depending on their degree of relatedness.
      First, inclusive fitness theory leads to the prediction that organisms will
      preferentially help closely related kin over more distantly related individuals.
      Second, evaluation of the relative costs and potential benefits of inbreeding
      suggests that the degree of kinship should also be considered when choosing a
      mate. In order to behaviorally discriminate between individuals with different
      levels of relatedness, organisms must be able to discriminate cues of kinship.
      Facial resemblance is one such potential cue in humans. Computer-graphic
      manipulation of face images has made it possible to experimentally test
      hypotheses about human kin recognition by facial phenotype matching. We review
      recent experimental evidence that humans respond to facial resemblance in ways
      consistent with inclusive fitness theory and considerations of the costs of
      inbreeding, namely by increasing prosocial behavior and positive attributions
      toward self-resembling images and selectively tempering attributions of
      attractiveness to other-sex faces in the context of a sexual relationship.

PMID- 18157628
TI  - Sexual orientation in women with classical or non-classical congenital adrenal
      hyperplasia as a function of degree of prenatal androgen excess.
AB  - 46,XX individuals with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to
      deficiency of the enzyme, 21-hydroxylase, show variable degrees of
      masculinization of body and behavior due to excess adrenal androgen production.
      Increased bisexuality and homosexuality have also been reported. This article
      provides a review of existing reports of the latter and presents a new study
      aimed at replicating the previous findings with detailed assessments of sexual
      orientation on relatively large samples, and at extending the investigation to
      the mildest form, non-classical (NC) CAH. Also, this is the first study to relate
      sexual orientation to the specific molecular genotypes of CAH. In the present
      study, 40 salt-wasters (SW), 21 SV (simple-virilizing), 82 NC, and 24 non-CAH
      control women (sisters and female cousins of CAH women) were blindly administered
      the Sexual Behavior Assessment Schedule (SEBAS-A, 1983 ed.; H. F. L. Meyer
      Bahlburg & A. A. Ehrhardt, Privately printed). Most women were heterosexual, but
      the rates of bisexual and homosexual orientation were increased above controls
      not only in women with classical CAH, but also in NC women, and correlated with
      the degree of prenatal androgenization. Classifying women by molecular genotypes
      did not further increase the correlation. Diverse aspects of sexual orientation
      were highly intercorrelated, and principal components analysis yielded one
      general factor. Bisexual/homosexual orientation was (modestly) correlated with
      global measures of masculinization of non-sexual behavior and predicted
      independently by the degree of both prenatal androgenization and masculinization
      of childhood behavior. We conclude that the findings support a sexual
      differentiation perspective involving prenatal androgens on the development of
      sexual orientation.

PMID- 18157629
TI  - Omega-3 fatty acids and multiple sclerosis: relationship to depression.
AB  - Depression is a common problem among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
      Previous research has shown differences between MS patients and controls in the
      levels of certain fatty acids, and differences in many of these same fatty acids
      have also been reported in psychiatric patients with major depression. The
      current study sought to determine whether fatty acid levels in MS patients might
      be associated with depression. Fatty acids were measured in red blood cells
      (RBCs) for 38 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 33 healthy controls who
      also completed 3-day dietary records and depression questionnaires. Levels of
      certain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids were lower and levels of certain
      monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids were higher in the MS patients. These
      differences were generally of medium effect size and occurred despite the fact
      that no differences were found between the two groups in dietary intake of any
      fatty acids. However, neither RBC nor dietary fatty acid levels were related to
      depression in the MS sample.

PMID- 18157630
TI  - Modeling genetic and environmental factors to increase heritability and ease the
      identification of candidate genes for birth weight: a twin study.
AB  - Heritability estimates of birth weight have been inconsistent. Possible
      explanations are heritability changes during gestational age or the influence of
      covariates (e.g. chorionicity). The aim of this study was to model birth weights
      of twins across gestational age and to quantify the genetic and environmental
      components. We intended to reduce the common environmental variance to increase
      heritability and thereby the chance of identifying candidate genes influencing
      the genetic variance of birth weight. Perinatal data were obtained from 4232 live
      born twin pairs from the East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey, Belgium.
      Heritability of birth weights across gestational ages was estimated using a non
      linear multivariate Gaussian regression with covariates in the means model and in
      covariance structure. Maternal, twin-specific, and placental factors were
      considered as covariates. Heritability of birth weight decreased during gestation
      from 25 to 42 weeks. However, adjusting for covariates increased the heritability
      over this time period, with the highest heritability for first-born twins of
      multipara with separate placentas, who were staying alive (from 52% at 25 weeks
      to 30% at 42 weeks). Twin-specific factors revealed latent genetic components,
      whereas placental factors explained common and unique environmental factors. The
      number of placentas and site of the insertion of the umbilical cord masked the
      effect of chorionicity. Modeling genetic and environmental factors leads to a
      better estimate of their role in growth during gestation. For birth weight,
      mainly environmental factors were explained, resulting in an increase of the
      heritability and thereby the chance of finding genes influencing birth weight in
      linkage and association studies.

PMID- 18157631
TI  - Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for
      disaster readiness.
AB  - Communities have the potential to function effectively and adapt successfully in
      the aftermath of disasters. Drawing upon literatures in several disciplines, we
      present a theory of resilience that encompasses contemporary understandings of
      stress, adaptation, wellness, and resource dynamics. Community resilience is a
      process linking a network of adaptive capacities (resources with dynamic
      attributes) to adaptation after a disturbance or adversity. Community adaptation
      is manifest in population wellness, defined as high and non-disparate levels of
      mental and behavioral health, functioning, and quality of life. Community
      resilience emerges from four primary sets of adaptive capacities--Economic
      Development, Social Capital, Information and Communication, and Community
      Competence--that together provide a strategy for disaster readiness. To build
      collective resilience, communities must reduce risk and resource inequities,
      engage local people in mitigation, create organizational linkages, boost and
      protect social supports, and plan for not having a plan, which requires
      flexibility, decision-making skills, and trusted sources of information that
      function in the face of unknowns.

PMID- 18157633
TI  - YKL-40 protein expression is not a prognostic marker in patients with primary
      breast cancer.
AB  - YKL-40 is a new biomarker in serum with a prognostic value in several localized
      and metastatic malignancies. The current knowledge regarding the biological
      functions of YKL-40 in cancer links YKL-40 to increased aggressiveness of the
      tumor. Utilizing tissue microarrays, YKL-40 protein expression in tumor tissue
      was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 630 high-risk breast cancer
      patients with a median estimated potential follow-up time of 10 and 13 years for
      disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively. YKL-40 protein
      expression was found in malignant tumor cells and in inflammatory cells. High
      expression was associated with positive estrogen and progesterone receptor status
      and high tumor differentiation. Contrary to studies on serum YKL-40 as a
      prognostic biomarker, a high YKL-40 expression in tumor cells was not
      significantly associated with DSF and OS in univariate and multivariate analyses.

PMID- 18157632
TI  - Cross-talk between calpain and caspase-3 in penumbra and core during focal
      cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
AB  - AIMS: Some data have shown the functional connection between calpain and caspase
      3. Here, we investigated the cross-talk between calpain and caspase-3 in penumbra
      and core during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS: The activities of
      calpain and the levels of calpastatin, microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2),
      and spectrin in penumbra and core at 3 or 23 h of reperfusion (R 3 h or R 23 h)
      after 1-h focal cerebral ischemia in rats were determined in sham- or caspase-3
      inhibitor z-DEVD-CHO-treated rats.On the other hand, the determination of the
      activities of caspase-3 and the levels of MAP-2 and spectrin was done in sham- or
      calpain-inhibitor I-treated rats. RESULTS: z-DEVD-CHO (600 ng/rat, i.c.v.)
      markedly reduced the mu- and m-calpain activities in penumbra and the m-calpain
      activities in core at R 3 h and R 23 h, and enhanced the calpastatin levels in
      penumbra at R 3 h and in core at R 3 h and R 23 h significantly; however, it had
      no significant effects on the mu-calpain activities in core and the calpastatin
      levels in penumbra at R 23 h. Calpain inhibitor I (0.8 mg/rat, i.c.v.) markedly
      reduced the caspase-3 activities in core at R 3 h and R 23 h, but not in
      penumbra. Both calpain and caspase-3 inhibitors increased the levels of MAP-2 and
      spectrin in penumbra and core significantly after focal cerebral ischemia
      reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide direct evidence to demonstrate the
      cross-talk between calpain and caspase-3 in penumbra and core during focal
      cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

PMID- 18157634
TI  - Dickkopf-1 mediated tumor suppression in human breast carcinoma cells.
AB  - Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is a secreted inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway. We
      previously identified DKK-1 as a candidate tumor suppressor and demonstrated that
      ectopic expression of the DKK-1 suppressed the tumorigenicity of HeLa cells in
      vitro and in vivo. Since suppression of tumorigenicity of HeLa cells by DKK-1
      overexpression was not mediated by effects on beta-catenin dependent
      transcription, we hypothesized that DKK-1 might also inhibit tumorigenicity of
      breast carcinoma cell lines lacking an activated canonical Wnt pathway. In the
      present study we show that ectopic expression of DKK-1 in various breast cancer
      cell lines resulted in a change in the cell phenotype, increased sensitivity to
      apoptosis, inhibition of anchorage independent growth in vitro, and suppression
      of tumorigenicity in vivo. Consistent with known effects of DKK-1 on the
      canonical Wnt signaling pathway, ectopic expression of DKK-1 in breast carcinoma
      cells was associated with increased phosphorylation and degradation of beta
      catenin. However, none of the breast tumor cells used in this study showed
      detectable levels of beta-catenin dependent activation of TCF/Lef promoter
      activity measured by reporter constructs. Consistent with the results of these
      transient transfection assays, we were unable to demonstrate the expected beta
      catenin dependent, TCF/Lef mediated inhibition of cyclin D1 and c-myc gene
      transcription in breast cells overexpressing DKK-1. However, we found that cells
      with DKK-1 overexpression have increased activity of CamKII pathway.
      Overexpression of the constitutively active form of CamKII (T286D) resulted in
      inhibition of breast cancer cell tumorigenicity. Thus, our study supports the
      hypothesis that DKK-1 mediated tumor suppressor effect is independent of beta
      catenin dependent transcription and identified the CamKII pathway that
      contributes into DKK-1 signaling.

PMID- 18157635
TI  - Ecotoxicological effects of jute retting on the survival of two freshwater fish
      and two invertebrates.
AB  - Severe deterioration of water quality occurs during jute retting in ponds,
      canals, floodplain lakes, and other inland water bodies in the rural areas of
      West Bengal in India. Attempts were made to evaluate changes in the
      physicochemical parameters of water caused by jute retting, and their impact on
      the survival of two species of freshwater fish (Labeo rohita and
      Hypophthalmicthys molitrix) and two species of freshwater invertebrate (Daphnia
      magna, a Cladocera, and Branchiura sowerbyi, an Oligochaeta). Results showed that
      jute retting in a pond for 30 days resulted in a sharp increase in the BOD
      (>1,000 times) and COD (>25 times) of the water, along with a sharp decrease in
      dissolved oxygen (DO). Free CO(2), total ammonia, and nitrate nitrogen also
      increased (three to five times) in water as a result of jute retting. Ninety-six
      hour static bioassays performed in the laboratory with different dilutions of
      jute-retting water (JRW) revealed that D. magna and B. sowerbyi were not
      susceptible to even the raw JRW whereas fingerlings of both species of fish were
      highly susceptible, L. rohita being more sensitive (96 h LC(50) 37.55% JRW) than
      H. molitrix (96 h LC(50) 57.54% JRW). Mortality of fish was significantly
      correlated with the percentage of JRW.

PMID- 18157637
TI  - Colonoscopic treatment of acute diverticular hemorrhage using endoclips.
AB  - Although colonoscopy is used in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with
      diverticular hemorrhage, data on colonoscopic treatment outcomes are limited. We
      reviewed records of inpatients undergoing colonoscopy to identify patients that
      were colonoscopically diagnosed and treated for acute diverticular hemorrhage.
      Eleven patients with acute diverticular hemorrhage had active bleeding (n = 7) or
      non-bleeding visible vessel (n = 4) at colonoscopy. Endoclip treatment (preceded
      by epinephrine injection in 64%) achieved hemostasis in all patients without
      procedural complications. Patients were discharged within three days without
      evidence of early rebleeding. During a median follow-up of 15 months, late
      recurrent bleeding occurred in two patients (18.2%). Colonoscopic treatment of
      patients with acute diverticular hemorrhage using endoclips appears to be
      effective and safe, with high rates of immediate and long-term success.
      Colonoscopy should be considered in patients with suspected acute diverticular
      hemorrhage, as it may enable definitive therapy without the need for more
      invasive treatment.

PMID- 18157638
TI  - Response to hepatitis B vaccination in patients with celiac disease.
AB  - Abnormal immune response to gliadin, genetic, and environmental factors play a
      role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). Non-responsiveness to hepatitis
      B virus (HBV) vaccination is related to genetic features. Certain human leukocyte
      antigen (HLA) genotypes are more prevalent among non-responders to HBV
      vaccination. There is also a strong relationship between CD and these HLA
      genotypes. This study investigates the relationship between CD and non
      responsiveness to HBV vaccination, with an emphasis on genotypic co-incidence. No
      statistically significant difference was noted between the ages and gender of CD
      patients and control subjects. Baseline serum IgA, IgM, and IgG levels of all CD
      patients were normal. Responsiveness to HBV vaccination was observed in 17 (68%)
      CD patients and all (100%) control subjects (P = 0.006). In conclusion, CD should
      also be sought in unresponders to HBV vaccine who are not immunosuppressed.

PMID- 18157639
TI  - Implementing a new physician manager curriculum into a psychiatry residency
      training program: the change process, barriers and facilitators.
AB  - The Physician Manager role has been identified as an essential competency for
      physicians. There are only a small number of training programs throughout Canada
      and the USA that offer formal curricula aimed at preparing psychiatry residents
      for their early career as Physician Managers. Given the expressed need arising
      from a wide range of stakeholders, our group at the University of Toronto
      embarked on the process of developing a Physician Manager curriculum for
      residents in psychiatry. This article describes the process we undertook to
      facilitate this curricular change, with a focus on select concepts in change
      management as it applies to curricular change, and the associated barriers and
      facilitators. Additionally, the article focuses on the role of the psychiatrist
      in the process.

PMID- 18157640
TI  - Addressing the need for access to culturally and linguistically appropriate
      HIV/AIDS prevention for Latinos.
AB  - This article reports a comprehensive national needs assessment of Latinos' access
      to HIV/AIDS prevention and education services in 14 cities throughout the United
      States and Puerto Rico. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with Latinos
      who were HIV-positive and at risk for HIV infection. The study explored risk
      behaviors, access to health care services, and exposure to HIV prevention
      messages. Differences in predictors of risk behaviors were noted by sex. For
      women, increased age, being married, foreign-born, and a U.S. resident, and
      having tested for HIV previously, were associated with reduced HIV/AIDS risk.
      Thematic analysis of qualitative findings revealed limited awareness of risk
      factors, and a need for culturally and linguistically appropriate, family
      centered HIV/AIDS education incorporating Latino values. Findings were
      incorporated into culturally relevant brochures featuring vignettes and quotes.
      Brochures were distributed and evaluated by 71 community-based organizations
      (CBOs) in the U.S. and Latin America. Evaluators responded positively to the
      brochures, and Latino-serving organizations in 48 states now use them for
      HIV/AIDS prevention outreach and education.

PMID- 18157641
TI  - Utilization of mental health services among adolescents in community-based
      substance abuse outpatient clinics.
AB  - This study examined the rates and correlates of self-reported receipt for mental
      health services among 1,190 adolescents, aged 12-19, who were admitted to
      community-based substance abuse outpatient clinics and had a co-occurring mental
      health problem. Utilization of mental health service was ascertained 3 months
      post-intake. About one third (35%) of adolescents with a co-occurring mental
      health problem identified at intake received mental health service in the 3
      months after treatment entry. After holding other correlates constant, history of
      mental health treatment, suicidal behavior, family history of mental disorder and
      insurance coverage at intake were associated with mental health service
      utilization at the 3-month follow up. Predictors of service utilization varied by
      gender and racial/ethnic status. Implications for integrated substance use and
      mental health services are discussed.

PMID- 18157642
TI  - Where should bulking agents for female urodynamic stress incontinence be
      injected?
AB  - For bulking agents used for female stress urinary incontinence, the
      recommendation for the anatomical placement varies as some injectables are to be
      placed close to the bladder neck and others midurethrally. Aim of the study was
      to determine if there are differences concerning the outcome after transurethral
      collagen injections depending on the anatomical placement midurethrally or at the
      bladder neck. We randomly assigned 30 elderly female patients with urodynamic
      stress incontinence to either transurethral collagen injection midurethrally or
      to the bladder neck. Prior to injection and at ten month follow-up, maximum
      urethral closure pressure (MUCP), functional urethral length (FUL), maximum flow
      rate and cough test were performed and the patient was asked to estimate her
      bladder condition using a visual analogue scale. Postoperative contentness was 8
      (median, 95% confidence interval 5-9) in the midurethral group and 8 (median, 95%
      confidence interval 7-10) in the bladder neck group with a p value of 0.012, 95%
      confidence interval -2.464 to -0.2859, in favour to midurethral injections. MUCP
      and FUL increased significantly in both groups and flow rate decreased in both
      groups. Continence was 66.6% in the midurethral group and 60% for the bladder
      neck group respectively. Both midurethral and bladder neck collagen injections
      improve patients' satisfaction almost equally with a small advantage for
      midurethral injections.

PMID- 18157643
TI  - Infected midurethral tape presenting as an ischiorectal abscess.
AB  - This is the first reported case of an ischiorectal abscess after a midurethral
      intravaginal slingplasty (IVS). The patient presented with recurrent ischiorectal
      abscess which was initially thought to be an unusual presentation of a fistula in
      ano. Subsequent examination under anaesthesia, however, revealed a fistulous
      tract extending from the right postero-lateral perianal opening to the vagina
      where the tape was noted to be eroded and infected. The abscess healed only after
      removal of the source of infection i.e. the IVS tape. In this report, we also
      discuss the two main types of meshes used as midurethral slings, the ways in
      which they differ and the arguments for and against using them.

PMID- 18157644
TI  - Subclinical valvulitis in children with acute rheumatic Fever.
AB  - Doppler echocardiography facility is now available in most parts of the world and
      its routine use for the initial diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) might
      enhance its early detection and, hence, prevention of rheumatic recurrences. To
      add to the existing evidence and to reemphasize the need of including
      echocardiography as a diagnostic criterion for ARF, we investigated the pattern
      and prevalence of subclinical valvulitis by Doppler echocardiography in patients
      with ARF manifesting as either pure chorea or isolated arthritis but without
      clinical signs of carditis. This prospective study was carried out in a single
      center over a period of 6 months (June to December 2006). Thirty patients with
      ARF, 16 males and 14 females, aged 4-15 years (mean: 10 +/- 3.2) presenting with
      either chorea or isolated arthritis were included by convenience sampling.
      Evidence of carditis as detected by echocardiography was present in 21 patients
      (70%). Chorea was the presenting feature in 19 patients (63%), followed by
      migratory polyarthritis in 11 (37%). Among patients with chorea, 13 (68%) had
      evidence of carditis. Mitral regurgitation (MR) was present in all 13, being
      isolated in 11 and with aortic regurgitation (AR) in 2 patients. In patients with
      migratory polyarthritis, 8 (73%) had evidence of carditis, all with isolated MR.
      Echocardiography detected subclinical valvulitis in at least 70% of patients with
      ARF presenting with either rheumatic chorea or migratory arthritis but no
      clinical evidence of carditis. MR was the predominant lesion present in all
      patients either in isolation (90%) or in combination with AR (10%). We suggest
      that Doppler echocardiography be performed in all patients with suspected ARF and
      evidence of subclinical valvulitis be used as a diagnostic criterion.

PMID- 18157645
TI  - An approach for evaluating the effectiveness of various ozone air quality
      standards for protecting trees.
AB  - We demonstrate an approach for evaluating the level of protection attained using
      a variety of forms and levels of past, current, and proposed Air Quality
      Standards (AQSs). The U.S. Clean Air Act requires the establishment of ambient
      air quality standards to protect health and public welfare. However,
      determination of attainment of these standards is based on ambient pollutant
      concentrations rather than prevention of adverse effects. To determine if a given
      AQS protected against adverse effects on vegetation, hourly ozone concentrations
      were adjusted to create exposure levels that "just attain" a given standard.
      These exposures were used in combination with a physiologically-based tree growth
      model to account for the interactions of climate and ozone. In the evaluation, we
      used ozone concentrations from two 6-year time periods from the San Bernardino
      Mountains in California. There were clear differences in the level of vegetation
      protection achieved with the various AQSs. Based on modeled plant growth, the
      most effective standards were the California 8-hr average maximum of 70 ppb and a
      seasonal, cumulative, concentration-weighted index (SUM06), which if attained,
      resulted in annual growth reductions of 1% or less. Least effective was the 1-hr
      maximum of 120 ppb which resulted in a 7% annual reduction. We conclude that
      combining climate, exposure scenarios, and a process-based plant growth simulator
      was a useful approach for evaluating effectiveness of current or proposed air
      quality standards, or evaluating the form and/or level of a standard based on
      preventing adverse growth effects.

PMID- 18157646
TI  - A long-term evaluation of the modified mesh-plug hernioplasty in over 2,000
      patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: A modified technique for mesh-plug hernioplasty is a long-term, safe
      and efficacious treatment for primary unilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy. METHODS:
      Prospective analysis of 2,038 patients who underwent primary unilateral
      hernioplasty from 1997 to 2005 at a private university medical center. A modified
      technique using a mesh-plug was performed under local anesthesia with intravenous
      sedation. The modified technique consisted of placing the mesh plug into the
      preperitoneal space and suture fixation of the plug using the inner petals. The
      main outcome measures were Surgical morbidity, postoperative recovery, hernia
      recurrence, and chronic pain. RESULTS: There were 1,265 indirect and 773 direct
      hernias. Mean operative time was 28 min; mean recovery room time, 47 min. A total
      of 1,936 (95%) returned to normal activities within 3 days. Only 367 patients
      (18%) required prescription pain medication. Nine patients (0.4%) have been
      treated for chronic pain. No mesh infections or mesh migration have occurred.
      Three recurrences (0.15%) have been detected with a 99% follow-up over 2-10 years
      (mean 72 months). CONCLUSION: The modified mesh-plug hernioplasty is a safe and
      efficacious treatment option for the primary unilateral inguinal hernia patient.

PMID- 18157647
TI  - Polymyalgia rheumatica as the manifestation of unclassified aortitis.
AB  - Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) frequently occurs with giant cell arteritis (GCA).
      We report here two cases of PMR with aortitis in the absence of diminished pulse
      and manifestations related to GCA. Contrasted CT, MR angiography, and F-18
      deoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed aortitis without stenosis that
      is not classified into any of large vasculitides. It should be acknowledged that
      aortitis might present as PMR and imaging studies are recommended.

PMID- 18157648
TI  - Microsurgery plus whole brain irradiation versus Gamma Knife surgery alone for
      treatment of single metastases to the brain: a randomized controlled multicentre
      phase III trial.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Is Gamma Knife surgery alone as effective as surgery plus whole brain
      irradiation (WBRT) for patients with a single, small-sized brain metastasis?
      METHODS: Patients aged between 18 and 80 years harboring a single, resectable
      metastasis < or =3 cm in diameter, a Karnofsky performance score (KPS) > or =70,
      and a stable systemic disease were randomly assigned to microsurgery plus WBRT or
      Gamma Knife surgery alone. The primary end point was length of survival,
      secondary end points were recurrence of tumor in the brain, health related
      quality of life, and treatment related toxicity. RESULTS: Due to poor patient
      accrual, the study was stopped prematurely. The final analysis was based on 33
      patients in the surgery and 31 patients in the radiosurgery group. Treatment
      results did not differ in terms of survival (P = 0.8), neurological death rates
      (P = 0.3), and freedom from local recurrence (P = 0.06). Patients of the
      radiosurgery group experienced more often distant recurrences (P = 0.04); after
      adjustment for the effects of salvage radiosurgery this difference was lost (P =
      0.4). Radiosurgery was associated with a shorter hospital stay, less frequent and
      shorter timed steroid application (P < or = 0.001), and lower frequency of grade
      1/2 toxicities (according to the RTOG/EORTC CNS toxicity criteria, P < or =
      0.01). Improved scores for role functioning and quality of life were seen 6 weeks
      after radiosurgery (P < 0.05); this difference was lost 6 months after treatment.
      CONCLUSIONS: In patients harboring a single, small-sized metastasis, Gamma Knife
      surgery alone is less invasive; local tumor control seems to be as high as after
      surgery plus WBRT. Distant tumor control, however, is significantly less
      frequently achieved (after radiosurgery alone). The role of radiosurgical salvage
      therapy (alternatively to WBRT) for distant tumor control deserves further
      prospective evaluation.

PMID- 18157649
TI  - Regucalcin is expressed in rat mammary gland and prostate and down-regulated by
      17beta-estradiol.
AB  - Regucalcin is involved in maintenance of calcium homeostasis due to the
      activation of Ca2+ pumping enzymes in the plasma membrane. It has a suppressive
      effect in cell proliferation, DNA and RNA synthesis, and may be associated with
      the abnormal cell division on tumor tissues. On the other hand both estrogens and
      Ca2+ are implicated in breast and prostate cancer but there are no studies
      focused on the expression of regucalcin in rat mammary gland or prostate.
      Furthermore, it is known that the expression of regucalcin in rat liver and
      kidney is regulated by 17beta-estradiol (E2). The aim of this study is to analyze
      if regucalcin is expressed in rat mammary gland and prostate and if it is
      regulated by E2 in these tissues. We demonstrated for the first time that
      regucalcin mRNA and protein are present in rat mammary gland and prostate by in
      situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Furthermore, we show
      by Real-time PCR that E2 down-regulates regucalcin expression in rat mammary
      gland and prostate.

PMID- 18157650
TI  - Impact of land use and land cover changes on ecosystem services in Menglun,
      Xishuangbanna, Southwest China.
AB  - Changing the landscape has serious environmental impacts affecting the ecosystem
      services, particularly in the tropics. In this paper, we report changes in
      ecosystem services in relation to land use and land cover over an 18-year period
      (1988--2006) in the Menglun Township, Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. We used
      Landsat TM/ETM and Quickbird data sets to estimate changes in ten land use and
      land cover categories, and generalized value coefficients to estimate changes in
      the ecosystem services provided by each land category. The results showed that
      over the 18-year period, the land use and land cover in the study area
      experienced significant changes. Rubber plantations increased from 12.10% of
      total land cover to 45.63%, while forested area and swidden field decreased from
      48.73 and 13.14 to 27.57 and 0.46%, respectively. During this period, the
      estimated value of ecosystem services dropped by US $11.427 million
      (approximately 27.73%). Further analysis showed that there were significant
      changes in ecological functions such as nutrient cycling, erosion control,
      climate regulation and water treatment as well as recreation; the obvious
      increase in the ecological function is provision of raw material (natural
      rubber). Our findings conclude that an abrupt shift in land use from ecologically
      important tropical forests and traditionally managed swidden fields to large
      scale rubber plantations result in a great loss of ecosystem services in this
      area. Further, the study suggests that provision of alternative economic
      opportunities would help in maintaining ecosystem services and for an appropriate
      compensation mechanisms need to be established based on rigorous valuation.

PMID- 18157651
TI  - Qualitative evaluation of Kanhan river and its tributaries flowing over central
      Indian plateau.
AB  - Water quality evaluation of Kanhan river and its tributaries viz. Pench and Nag
      rivers was carried out in order to assess the qualitative changes and possibility
      of point and non-point pollution loads in these rivers for the post monsoon and
      summer seasons. pH, turbidity, conductivity, total alkalinity and total hardness
      were found in the range 7.18.7, 0.835 (NTU), 227970 (microScm(-1)), 7.18.7,
      158486 (mg/L) and 142246 (mg/L), respectively. Ca, Mg, Na and K were in the range
      2462, 1328, 15183 and 333 mg/L, respectively. The respective ranges of Cl, SO(4),
      NO(3) and PO(4) were observed between 19102, 823, 332 and 0.11.4 mg/L. DO and COD
      in the rivers ranged between nil to 8.5 and 7172 mg/L, respectively. Absence of
      DO and higher COD in Nag river is due to its sewage content from Nagpur city. Nag
      river showed higher bacterial counts than Kanhan and Pench rivers. The temporal
      and spatial variability in the river water quality may be attributed to catchment
      characteristics, agricultural and urban activities in catchment and on the bank
      of the river. The values of RSC, ESP and SAR indicated that the water of Kanhan
      and Pench rivers are suitable, whereas that of Nag river is unsuitable for
      irrigation purpose.

PMID- 18157652
TI  - The environment, epigenetics and amyloidogenesis.
AB  - Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative
      disease. Despite several genetic mutations (Haass et al., J. Biol. Chem.
      269:17741-17748, 1994; Ancolio et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:4119-4124,
      1999; Munoz and Feldman, CMAJ 162:65-72, 2000; Gatz et al., Neurobiol. Aging
      26:439-447, 2005) found in AD patients, more than 90% of AD cases are sporadic
      (Bertram and Tanzi, Hum. Mol. Genet. 13:R135-R141, 2004). Therefore, it is
      plausible that environmental exposure may be an etiologic factor in the
      pathogenesis of AD. The AD brain is characterized by extracellular beta-amyloid
      (Abeta) deposition and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Our lab has
      demonstrated that developmental exposure of rodents to the heavy metal lead (Pb)
      increases APP (amyloid precursor protein) and Abeta production later in the aging
      brain (Basha et al., J. Neurosci. 25:823-829, 2005a). We also found elevations in
      the oxidative marker 8-oxo-dG in older animals that had been developmentally
      exposed to Pb (Bolin et al., FASEB J. 20:788-790, 2006) as well as promotion of
      amyloidogenic histopathology in primates. These findings indicate that early life
      experiences contribute to amyloidogenesis in old age perhaps through epigenetic
      pathways. Here we explore the role of epigenetics as the underlying mechanism
      that mediates this early exposure-latent pathogenesis with a special emphasis on
      alterations in the methylation profiles of CpG dinucleotides in the promoters of
      genes and their influence on both gene transcription and oxidative DNA damage.

PMID- 18157653
TI  - The role of the prion protein in the molecular basis for synaptic plasticity and
      nervous system development.
AB  - The cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) is found prominently at the synapse. However,
      its role at the nerve termini and elsewhere is unknown. Here we discuss research
      presented at the 2005 International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter (I2CAM)
      first Annual Amyloid Conference that provides insight into the role of synaptic
      PrP(C). The prion protein can interact and facilitate copper uptake at the
      synapse, is presumed to oligodimerize to facilitate putative cell-cell adhesion,
      and it transports toward the synapse by fast microtubule-based anterograde
      transport. While PrP(C) appears to be involved in all these processes, the
      mechanisms of PrP(C) function in each of them remain unclear. A role for PrP(C)
      in these distinct processes suggests a complex role for this protein at the
      synapse. Unraveling PrP(C) function will likely entail employing combined
      approaches that take into account its possible multifaceted functions.

PMID- 18157654
TI  - Origins and effects of extracellular alpha-synuclein: implications in Parkinson's
      disease.
AB  - Misfolding and abnormal aggregation of the neuronal protein alpha-synuclein has
      been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and related
      neurological disorders, such as dementia with Lewy bodies. alpha-synuclein is a
      conventional cytosolic protein and is thought to exert its pathogenic function
      exclusively in the neuronal cytoplasm in a cell-autonomous manner. However, the
      current model is being challenged by a series of new observations that
      demonstrate the presence of alpha-synuclein and its aggregated forms in the
      extracellular fluid both in vivo and in vitro. Extracellular alpha-synuclein
      appears to be delivered by unconventional exocytosis of intravesicular alpha
      synuclein, although the exact mechanism has not been characterized. Compared to
      the cytosolic alpha-synuclein, intravesicular alpha-synuclein is prone to
      aggregation and the potential source of extracellular aggregates. A number of
      tissue culture studies suggest that exposure to extracellular alpha-synuclein
      aggregates induces microglial activation, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines
      from astrocytes, and neurotoxicity. Thus, exocytosis of alpha-synuclein may be an
      important mechanism for amplifying and spreading degenerative changes from a
      small group of cells to its surrounding tissues, and it potentially provides
      therapeutic targets for halting the progression of the disease.

PMID- 18157656
TI  - Studies on the role of amino acid stereospecificity in amyloid beta aggregation.
AB  - Amyloid beta (Abeta) deposition and neurodegeneration are the two related events
      in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Several factors modulate the
      conformation and physical properties of Abeta, which in turn affects its
      biological functions. Among these, age-dependent changes in the stereospecificity
      of the amino acids comprising Abeta is one such factors. In the present study, we
      investigated the aggregation property of Abeta as a function of the
      stereospecificity of amino acids comprising the peptide. We carried out our study
      by comparing the physical properties of Abeta(1-40) all-L and Abeta(1-40) all-D
      enantiomers using various biophysical techniques. These results indicated that
      the aggregation and folding parameters of Abeta are stereospecific and the
      aggregation property strongly depends upon the amino acid sequence and their
      stereospecificity. This may possibly help to understand the stereospecific role
      of amino acids comprising Abeta in its aggregation and its relevance to
      neurodegeneration.

PMID- 18157655
TI  - Protein quality control in neurodegeneration: walking the tight rope between
      health and disease.
AB  - Most neurodegenerative disorders are characterised by deposits of aggregated
      proteins that are readily visualised by light microscopy. Although the presence
      of such a bulky structure inside the cell or in the extracellular space is likely
      not to be healthy, over recent years the idea has emerged that these end-stage
      aggregates are a relatively safe way to deposit harmful aberrant proteins.
      Protein quality control is a multi-level security system to safeguard cells from
      aberrant proteins and is therefore a protective response. However, protein
      quality control may turn destructive in case of impairment of protein quality
      control for example by aging or because of overflow of the quality control
      systems due to prolonged exposure. In many cases the medicine is worse than the
      cause and the "protective" response of the cell to aggregates kills the cell,
      rather than the aggregate itself. Here we review the role of protein quality
      control in neurodegeneration and aim to distinguish protective and destructive
      responses to aggregates in order to find targets for therapeutic intervention.

PMID- 18157657
TI  - ApoE distribution and family history in genetic prion diseases in Germany.
AB  - We analyzed the ApoE genotype in patients with genetic prion diseases (gPD) with
      respect to family history (FH) of dementia/prion disease (PD) compared to non
      demented controls. Fifty-nine gPD patients and 51 sex-/age-matched controls were
      included. A positive FH of dementia and PD (PFH) were evaluated. The prion
      protein gene (PRNP) codon 129 and ApoE genotype were determined by polymerase
      chain reaction (PCR). The frequency of FH of neurodegenerative disorder/prion
      disease/dementia varied in different PRNP mutations. PFH was found in 87% of
      D178N patients, but was rarer in others. Although the ApoE genotype distribution
      was not significantly different between gPD patients and controls, the protective
      E2 alleles were more frequent in controls than in patients without a PFH and even
      less frequent in those with a PFH (18, 16, and 11%). E4 alleles as a risk factor
      of Alzheimer's disease were more common in controls and patients with a PFH than
      in those without PFH (25, 21, and 13%). No effect of the codon 129 genotype was
      detected. Only about two-thirds of gPD patients had PFH of PD, while in one
      third, PFH of slowly progressive dementia was reported. Underreporting of PFH of
      gPD may play a role; however, the varying PFH frequency across various mutations
      is not explained by this factor only.

PMID- 18157658
TI  - Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based white matter mapping in brain research: a
      review.
AB  - Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has become one of the most popular MRI techniques
      in brain research, as well as in clinical practice. The number of brain studies
      with DTI is growing steadily and, over the last decade, has produced more than
      700 publications. Diffusion tensor imaging enables visualization and
      characterization of white matter fascicli in two and three dimensions. Since the
      introduction of this methodology in 1994, it has been used to study the white
      matter architecture and integrity of the normal and diseased brains (multiple
      sclerosis, stroke, aging, dementia, schizophrenia, etc.). Although it provided
      image contrast that was not available with routine MR techniques, unique
      information on white matter and 3D visualization of neuronal pathways, many
      questions were raised regarding the origin of the DTI signal. Diffusion tensor
      imaging is constantly validated, challenged, and developed in terms of
      acquisition scheme, image processing, analysis, and interpretation. While DTI
      offers a powerful tool to study and visualize white matter, it suffers from
      inherent artifacts and limitations. The partial volume effect and the inability
      of the model to cope with non-Gaussian diffusion are its two main drawbacks.
      Nevertheless, when combined with functional brain mapping, DTI provides an
      efficient tool for comprehensive, noninvasive, functional anatomy mapping of the
      human brain. This review summarizes the development of DTI in the last decade
      with respect to the specificity and utility of the technique in radiology and
      anatomy studies.

PMID- 18157659
TI  - Molecular cloning and characterization of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) telomerase
      catalytic subunit (telomerase reverse transcriptase, TERT).
AB  - Telomerase is an enzyme composed of a catalytic subunit (TERT) and RNA template
      (TR), which specifically elongates telomeres and prevents cellular senescence.
      Although telomerase cannot be detected in most human somatic tissues, including
      the nervous system, it can be detected in teleost tissues. To facilitate the
      investigation of telomerase function in the teleost visual system, the coding
      sequence of zebrafish TERT is revealed and cloned. Immunoblot,
      immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),
      and telomeric repeats amplification protocol (TRAP) assay are used to assess the
      expression of telomerase at mRNA, protein, and functional levels in zebrafish
      retina. Based on the amino acid sequence of mouse TERT, a full-length telomerase
      reverse transcriptase cDNA of zebrafish has been isolated and cloned. The deduced
      protein sequence contains 1,091 amino acid residues and a predicted molecular
      mass of 126 kDa. Multiple alignment shows that the protein sequence contains the
      conserved motifs and residues found in TERT of other species. RT-PCR and TRAP
      assay has detected TERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity, respectively, in
      all tissues examined, including the retina and the brain. The presence of
      telomerase activity indicates that a fully functional form of telomerase can be
      found in the retina. Immunohistochemistry reveals that most neurons in zebrafish
      retina express TERT in the cell nucleus. The presence of telomerase in different
      tissues may be associated with the indeterminate growth of teleost. However,
      teleost retinal neurons are post-mitotic and do not further divide under normal
      situation. The expression of telomerase activity and TERT in retina implies that
      telomerase has functions other than the elongation of telomere. These findings
      could provide new insights on telomerase function in the nervous system.

PMID- 18157660
TI  - Involvement of CAPON and nitric oxide synthases in rat muscle regeneration after
      peripheral nerve injury.
AB  - Carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand of nNOS (CAPON) protein, as an adaptor, binds to nNOS
      via the PDZ domain helping regulate neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)
      activity at post-synaptic sites in neurons (Jaffrey et al., Neuron, 20, 115-124,
      1998). Recently, it has been reported that CAPON is present in mouse muscle and
      may be involved in mouse muscle growth, injury, and repair possibly by regulating
      the stability, activity, or position of nNOS (Segalat et al., Experimental Cell
      Research, 302, 170-179, 2005). The present study was to explore the expression
      patterns and roles of CAPON as well as NOS in rat muscle regeneration after nerve
      injury. Normal Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to right sciatic nerve crush
      injury. Walking track analysis, real time polymerase chain reaction, Western
      blotting, in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry, and co-immunoprecipitation
      techniques were used. It revealed that CAPON mRNA increased, which peaked on days
      1 and 28, whereas nNOS mRNA underwent a downregulation in the ipsilateral
      gastrocnemius muscles after sciatic nerve injury. Their proteins approximately
      paralleled the mRNA expression. CAPON and nNOS were identified in the activated
      satellite cells or myotubes and their in vivo interaction was verified. However,
      eNOS and iNOS proteins suffered an upregulation and were detected in activated
      satellite cells or myotubes. These data suggest that CAPON and all these three
      isoforms of NOS might be involved in muscle regeneration after nerve injury.
      Further study is necessary for a better understanding of the potential functional
      link between CAPON, NOS, and muscle regeneration, with possible application to
      therapy for skeletal muscle repair from nerve injury.

PMID- 18157661
TI  - The effects of type 1 diabetes on cerebral white matter.
AB  - AIM/HYPOTHESIS: Studies investigating the structure, neurophysiology and
      functional outcomes of white matter among type 1 diabetes patients have given
      conflicting results. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between type 1
      diabetes and white matter hyperintensities. METHOD: We assessed white matter
      integrity (using magnetic resonance imaging), depressive symptoms and
      neuropsychological function in 114 type 1 diabetes patients and 58 age-matched
      non-diabetic controls. RESULTS: Only Fazekas grade 1 and 2 white matter
      hyperintensities were found among 114 long-duration, relatively young diabetes
      patients; the severity of lesions did not differ substantially from 58 healthy
      controls. White matter hyperintensities were not associated with depressive
      history or with clinical characteristics of diabetes, including retinopathy,
      severe hypoglycaemia or glycaemia control. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our data
      do not support an association between diabetes characteristics and white matter
      hyperintensities among relatively young type 1 diabetes participants.

PMID- 18157662
TI  - Intra-abdominal hypertension and acute renal failure in critically ill patients.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between intra-abdominal hypertension
      (IAH) and acute renal failure (ARF) in critically ill patients. DESIGN AND
      SETTING: Prospective, observational study in a general intensive care unit.
      PATIENTS: Patients consecutively admitted for >24 h during a 6-month period.
      INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was
      measured through the urinary bladder pressure measurement method. The IAH was
      defined as a IAP > or =12 mmHg in at least two consecutive measurements performed
      at 24-h intervals. The ARF was defined as the failure class of the RIFLE
      classification. Of 123 patients, 37 (30.1%) developed IAH. Twenty-three patients
      developed ARF (with an overall incidence of 19%), 16 (43.2%) in IAH and 7 (8.1%)
      in non-IAH group (p<0.05). Shock (p<0.001), IAH (p=0.002) and low abdominal
      perfusion pressure (APP; p=0.046) resulted as the best predictive factors for
      ARF. The optimum cut-off point of IAP for ARF development was 12 mmHg, with a
      sensitivity of 91.3% and a specificity of 67%. The best cut-off values of APP and
      filtration gradient (FG) for ARF development were 52 and 38 mmHg, respectively.
      Age(p=0.002), cumulative fluid balance (p=0.002) and shock (p=0.006) were
      independent predictive factors of IAH. Raw hospital mortality rate was
      significantly higher in patients with IAH; however, risk-adjusted and O/E ratio
      mortality rates were not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In critically ill
      patients IAH is an independent predictive factor of ARF at IAP levels as low as
      12 mmHg, although the contribution of impaired systemic haemodynamics should also
      be considered.

PMID- 18157663
TI  - Electrochemical sensor with flavin-containing monooxygenase for triethylamine
      solution.
AB  - A bioelectronic sensor for triethylamine (TEA) was developed with a flavin
      containing monooxygenase type 3 (FMO-3). The TEA biosensor consisted of a Clark
      type dissolved-oxygen electrode and an FMO-3 immobilized membrane. The FMO-3
      solution was mixed with a poly(vinyl alcohol) containing stilbazolium groups (PVA
      SbQ), coated on to the dialysis membrane, and the membrane was irradiated with a
      fluorescent light to immobilize the enzyme. In order to amplify the biosensor
      output, a substrate regeneration cycle, obtained by coupling the monooxygenase
      with L-ascorbic acid (AsA) as reducing reagent system, was applied. The effect of
      pH on the determination of TEA was studied. The maximum response was achieved at
      pH >9.0. A drop of the phosphate buffer solution with the AsA was put on the
      sensing area of the oxygen electrode, and the FMO-3 immobilized membrane was
      placed on the oxygen electrode and covered with a supporting Nylon mesh net which
      was secured with a silicone O-ring. A measurement system for TEA solution was
      constructed using the FMO-3 biosensor, a personal computer, a computer-controlled
      potentiostat, and an A/D converter. The FMO-3 biosensor was used to measure TEA
      solution from 0.5 to 4.0 mmol L(-1) with 10.0 mmol L(-1) AsA. The biosensor also
      had good reproducibility, for example a 6.31% coefficient of variation for five
      measurements, and the output current was maintained over a few hours. In order to
      improve the selectivity of the TEA biosensor, three type of biosensor with FMO
      isomer types 1, 3, and 5 were constructed and used to measure nitrogen and sulfur
      compounds. The outputs of the isomer biosensors indicated individual patterns for
      each sample solution. The selectivity of TEA biosensor would be improved, and
      determination of sulfur and nitrogen compounds would be possible, by using the
      different output of biosensors prepared from different FMO isomers.

PMID- 18157664
TI  - Online UV-visible spectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution as powerful tool
      for model-free investigation of laccase-catalysed oxidation.
AB  - The laccase-catalysed transformation of indigo carmine (IC) with and without a
      redox active mediator was studied using online UV-visible spectroscopy.
      Deconvolution of the mixture spectra obtained during the reaction was performed
      on a model-free basis using multivariate curve resolution (MCR). Thereby, the
      time courses of educts, products, and reaction intermediates involved in the
      transformation were reconstructed without prior mechanistic assumptions.
      Furthermore, the spectral signature of a reactive intermediate which could not
      have been detected by a classical hard-modelling approach was extracted from the
      chemometric analysis. The findings suggest that the combined use of UV-visible
      spectroscopy and MCR may lead to unexpectedly deep mechanistic evidence otherwise
      buried in the experimental data. Thus, although rather an unspecific method, UV
      visible spectroscopy can prove useful in the monitoring of chemical reactions
      when combined with MCR. This offers a wide range of chemists a cheap and readily
      available, highly sensitive tool for chemical reaction online monitoring.

PMID- 18157665
TI  - In situ application of a cellulose bag and an ion exchanger for differentiation
      of labile and inert metal species in aquatic systems.
AB  - This work involved the development and application of a new analytical procedure
      for in-situ characterization of the lability of metal species in aquatic systems
      by using a system equipped with a diffusion membrane and cellulose organomodified
      with p-aminobenzoic acid groups (DM-Cell-PAB). To this end, the DM-Cell-PAB
      system was prepared by adding cellulose organomodified with p-aminobenzoic acid
      groups (Cell-PAB) to pre-purified cellulose bags. After the DM-Cell-PAB system
      was sealed, it was examined in the laboratory. The in-situ application involved
      immersing the DM-Cell-PAB system in two different rivers, enabling us to study
      the relative lability of metal species (Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, and Ni) as a function of
      time and quantity of exchanger. The procedure is simple and opens up a new
      perspective for understanding environmental phenomena relating to the
      complexation, transport, stability, and lability of metal species in aquatic
      systems rich in organic matter.

PMID- 18157666
TI  - Whole-cell luminescence-based flow-through biodetector for toxicity testing.
AB  - A new type of biodetector was designed based on a bioluminescence test with the
      bacterium Vibrio fischeri performed in a liquid continuous flow-through system.
      Here we describe the modification of a commercial tube luminescence detector to
      work in the flow mode by building a new flow cell holder and a new case including
      "top cover" to connect the flow cell with the waste and the incubation capillary
      in a light-proof manner. As different samples were injected successively it was
      necessary to keep the individual peaks separated. This was done using an air
      segmented flow in the reaction coil. To afford fast screening, the incubation
      time of the sample and the Vibrio fischeri, which equaled the dead time of the
      detection system, was set at 5.6 min. Rapid monitoring of toxic substances is
      achieved by using 20 microL of sample and flow-rates of 110-150 microL min(-1).
      As a proof-of-principle, we show results for the detection of five selected di-,
      tri- and tetrachlorophenols at different concentrations varying from 1 to 200 mg
      L(-1). Calculation of inhibition rates and EC50 values were performed and
      compared with corresponding values from the DIN EN ISO 11348-2 microplate format.
      Compared with the latter, the inhibition rates obtained with our flow-through
      biodetector for the compounds tested were generally about twofold lower, but
      importantly, a much faster detection is possible.

PMID- 18157667
TI  - Complementary molecular and elemental detection of speciated thioarsenicals using
      ESI-MS in combination with a xenon-based collision-cell ICP-MS with application
      to fortified NIST freeze-dried urine.
AB  - The simultaneous detection of arsenic and sulfur in thioarsenicals was achieved
      using xenon-based collision-cell inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass
      spectrometry (MS) in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography. In
      an attempt to minimize the (16)O(16)O(+) interference at m/z 32, both sample
      introduction and collision-cell experimental parameters were optimized. Low flow
      rates (0.25 mL/min) and a high methanol concentration (8%) in the mobile phase
      produced a fourfold decrease in the m/z 32 background. A plasma sampling depth
      change from 3 to 7 mm produced a twofold decrease in background at m/z 32, with a
      corresponding fourfold increase in the signal associated with a high ionization
      surrogate for sulfur. The quadrupole bias and the octopole bias were used as a
      kinetic energy discriminator between background and analyte ions, but a variety
      of tuning conditions produced similar (less than twofold change) detection limits
      for sulfur ((32)S). A 34-fold improvement in the (32)S detection limit was
      achieved using xenon instead of helium as a collision gas. The optimized xenon
      based collision cell ICP mass spectrometer was then used with electrospray
      ionization MS to provide elemental and molecular-based information for the
      analysis of a fortified sample of NIST freeze-dried urine. The 3sigma detection
      limits, based on peak height for dimethylthioarsinic acid (DMTA) and
      trimethylarsine sulfide (TMAS), were 15 and 12 ng/g, respectively. Finally, the
      peak area reproducibilities (percentage relative standard deviation) of a 5-ppm
      fortified sample of NIST freeze dried urine for DMTA and TMAS were 7.4 and 5.4%,
      respectively.

PMID- 18157668
TI  - Diamond-like carbon films for polyethylene femoral parts: Raman and FT-IR
      spectroscopy before and after incubation in simulated body liquid.
AB  - In artificial prosthetics for knee, hip, finger or shoulder joints, ultrahigh
      molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) is a significant material. Several
      attempts to reduce the wear rate of UHMW-PE, i.e. the application of suitable
      coatings, are in progress. A surface modification of polyethylene with wear
      resistant hydrogenated diamond-like carbon is favourable, owing to the chemical
      similarity of polyethylene (-C-H(2)-)(n) and C:H or amorphous C:H (a-C:H)
      coatings with diamond-like properties. In the present study, the microstructure
      of a-C:H coatings on UHMW-PE substrates was investigated by Raman and Fourier
      transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. FT-IR spectroscopy shows very broad
      absorption lines, which point to the disorder and diversity of different
      symmetric, asymmetric aromatic, olefin sp(2)-hybridized or sp(3)-hybridized C-H
      groups in the amorphous diamond-like carbon coating. Following a long incubation
      of 12 months in a simulated body liquid, the structural investigations were
      repeated. Furthermore, fractured cross-sections and the wetting behaviour with
      polar liquids were examined. After incubation in simulated body liquid, Raman
      spectroscopy pointed to a reduction of the C-H bonds in the diamond-like carbon
      coatings. On the basis of these findings, one can conclude that hydrogenated
      diamond-like carbon is able to interact with salt solutions by substituting the
      hydrogen with appropriate ions.

PMID- 18157669
TI  - Force microscopy analysis using chemometric tools.
AB  - In this paper we report the first application of multivariate data analysis
      techniques to force spectrometry measurement sets to enable the physicochemical
      assignment of spatially ordered multi-component systems. Principal component
      analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering techniques were used to reveal hidden
      chemical information within force-distance curves generated by high spatial
      resolution force microscopy. Two experimental samples were analyzed: (i) a two
      component system of cytochrome c proteins on a mica surface, and (ii) a three
      component system of avidin protein islands positioned on a gold and glass
      surface. PCA and hierarchical clustering techniques were used to discriminate the
      different components of the two-component system, whereas hierarchical clustering
      was found to be superior for the three-component system. Results were in good
      agreement with the topography and prior knowledge of the surface patterns. This
      research represents a formative step towards the combination of force
      spectrometry with chemometric tools for the high resolution physicochemical
      investigation of complex biochemical systems.

PMID- 18157670
TI  - Walking performance and its recovery in chronic stroke in relation to extent of
      lesion overlap with the descending motor tract.
AB  - We investigated the association between the degree of lesion overlap with the
      corticospinal tract and walking performance before and after 4-weeks of partial
      body weight support (PBWS) treadmill training in 18 individuals (ten male, eight
      female) with a mean age 59 +/- 13 years (mean +/- SD), range 32-74 years, who
      were ambulant and 6 months from a subcortical ischaemic stroke. Lesion volumes
      were manually defined on high resolution T1-weighted 3T-MRI scans and a
      probabilistic map of the corticospinal tract created using diffusion tensor
      imaging data collected previously in healthy subjects. The percentage overlap
      between the lesion and the corticospinal tract was calculated for each patient.
      Walking performance was determined by measures of 10 m speed, spatiotemporal
      parameters, percentage recovery of centre of mass (CoM), walking symmetry and 2
      min endurance walk prior to and following 4 weeks of treadmill training with PBWS
      that emphasised normal fast walking. Lesion overlap measures weakly correlated
      with walking performance measures. Spatiotemporal and performance measures
      changed in response to training, but spatial symmetry and mechanical energy
      recovery did not. Walking speed at entry to the study predicted change in
      response to training of 10 m walk time and swing time asymmetry. Age and lesion
      overlap did not add to prediction of outcome models. The extent of lesion overlap
      with the corticospinal tract was not strongly associated with either walking
      performance or response to gait retraining, despite the correlation of these
      parameters with upper limb recovery.

PMID- 18157671
TI  - Trends in the consumption of opioid analgesics in Spain. Higher increases as
      fentanyl replaces morphine.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: During the past few years there have been changes in the availability
      of opioids in Spain, and new policies on palliative care have been implemented.
      The aim of this study was to describe the new pattern of opioid consumption in
      Spain and the associated economic impact. METHODS: A search in the ECOM
      (Especialidades Consumo de Medicamentos) database of the Ministry of Health and
      Consumer Affairs for the 1992-2006 period was carried out. This database contains
      information on prescriptions of primary care medicines that are covered by the
      National Health System in Spain. RESULTS: Since 1992, overall opioid consumption
      has increased 14-fold, from 0.3 DDD/1000 inhabitants per day to 4.4 DDD/1000
      inhabitants per day. For the six drugs that require a special prescription form-
      morphine, methadone, oxycodone pethidine, tilidine and fentanyl--consumption
      increased from 0.1 DDD/1000 inhabitants per day in 1992 to 1.2 in 2006. During
      this same period, the total costs of these prescriptions increased by 36.8-fold,
      and the cost per day and per patient doubled. CONCLUSION: A huge increase in
      opioid consumption has occurred during the time period covered by this study,
      with fentanyl consumption accounting for most of that increase. Although oral
      morphine is the first-choice drug among strong opioids, fentanyl is currently the
      most consumed.

PMID- 18157672
TI  - Angioleiomyoma in the palm of an 11-year-old boy.
AB  - Angioleiomyoma is a solitary form of leiomyoma that usually occurs as a painful
      subcutaneous lesion, with a predilection for the lower extremities of middle-aged
      women. In this report the case of an 11-year-old boy with angioleiomyoma
      mimicking giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath (GCTTS) in the palm is presented.
      After marginal excision of the tumor, histopathologic and immunohistochemical
      studies confirmed a typical case of angioleiomyoma and ruled out the preoperative
      diagnosis of GCTTS. There was no evidence of local recurrence at the 1-year
      follow-up examination.

PMID- 18157674
TI  - Topical steroid application versus circumcision in pediatric patients with
      phimosis: a prospective randomized placebo controlled clinical trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Topical steroids have been advocated as an effective alternative
      treatment to circumcision in boys with phimosis. We evaluated the effectiveness
      of topical steroid therapy compared to a placebo neutral cream in 240 patients
      with phimosis. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out over a 24-months
      period, on an out-patient basis on two groups of patients with phimosis. One
      hundred twenty patients applied a steroid cream twice a day for 4 weeks, and
      another group of 120 pts used a placebo cream twice a day for 4 weeks. Patients
      were assigned to either group by a computer-generated random choice. RESULTS: All
      patients in our series completed the two treatment periods without interruption.
      At a median follow-up of 20 months (6-30 months) therapeutic success was obtained
      in 43.75% (99/240) of cases, independently of the protocol. In particular,
      therapeutic success was obtained in 65.8% (79/120) of cases in the steroids group
      and in 16.6% (20/120) of cases in the placebo group, the difference being
      statistically significant (P < 0.0001, Mann-Withney test). CONCLUSION: Our study
      shows that topical steroids represent a good alternative to surgery in case of
      phimosis. Steroid therapy using monometasone furoate 0.1% in our series gave
      better results that placebo with an overall efficacy of 65.8%. In patients where
      a phimotic ring persist after steroid therapy, circumcision is mandatory.

PMID- 18157673
TI  - Peptides mimicking GD2 ganglioside elicit cellular, humoral and tumor-protective
      immune responses in mice.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Because of its restricted distribution in normal tissues and its
      high expression on tumors of neuroectodermal origin, GD2 ganglioside is an
      excellent target for active specific immunotherapy. However, GD2 usually elicits
      low-titered IgM and no IgG or cellular immune responses, limiting its usefulness
      as a vaccine for cancer patients. We have previously shown that anti-idiotypic
      monoclonal antibody mimics of GD2 can induce antigen-specific humoral and
      cellular immunity in mice, but inhibition of tumor growth by the mimics could not
      be detected. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, we isolated two peptides from phage
      display peptide libraries by panning with GD2-specific mAb ME361. The peptides
      inhibited binding of the mAb to GD2. When coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin
      (KLH) or presented as multiantigenic peptides in QS21 adjuvant, the peptides
      induced in mice antibodies binding specifically to GD2 and delayed-type
      hypersensitive lymphocytes reactive specifically with GD2-positive D142.34 mouse
      melanoma cells. Induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction was
      dependent on CD4-positive lymphocytes. The immunity elicited by the peptides
      significantly inhibited growth of GD2-positive melanoma cells in mice.
      CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that immunization with peptides mimicking GD2
      ganglioside inhibits tumor growth through antibody and/or CD4-positive T cell
      mediated mechanisms. Cytolytic T lymphocytes most likely do not play a role. Our
      results provide the basis for structural analysis of carbohydrate mimicry by
      peptides.

PMID- 18157675
TI  - Local differences in sweat secretion from the head during rest and exercise in
      the heat.
AB  - The importance of the head in dissipating body heat under hot conditions is well
      recognised, although very little is known about local differences in sweat
      secretion across the surface of the head. In this study, we focused on the intra
      segmental distribution of head sweating. Ten healthy males were exposed to
      passive heating and exercise-induced hyperthermia (36 degrees C, 60% relative
      humidity, water-perfusion suit: 46 degrees C), with ventilated sweat capsules
      (3.16 cm(2)) used to measure sweat rates from the forehead and nine sites inside
      the hairline. Sweat secretion from both non-hairy (glabrous) and hairy areas of
      the head increased linearly with increments in work rate and core temperature,
      with heart rate and core temperature peaking at 175 b min(-1) (+/-6) b min(-1)
      and 39.2 degrees C (+/-0.1). The mean sweat rate during exercise for sites within
      the hairline was 1.95 mg cm(-2) min(-1). However, the evolution of this secretion
      pattern was not uniformly distributed within the head, with the average sweat
      rate for the top of the head being significantly lower than at the anterior
      lateral aspect of the head (P < 0.05), and representing only 30% of the forehead
      sweat rate (P < 0.05). It is hypothesised that these intra-segmental observations
      may reflect variations in the local adaptation of eccrine glands to differences
      in local evaporation associated either with bipedal locomotion, which will
      influence forehead sweating, or the hidromeiotic suppression of sweating, which
      impacts upon sweat glands within the hairline.

PMID- 18157677
TI  - Obtaining the Morse parameter for large bond-stretching using Murrell-Sorbie
      parameters.
AB  - Although the second derivative approach has been shown to provide good parameter
      relationships between any two interatomic potential functions, these relations
      are valid only at and near the equilibrium point. Arising from the significant
      discrepancy between connected potential functions for large stretching of
      covalent bonds by the second derivative approach, an integral approach is
      developed herein. By equating interatomic energy integral from equilibrium to
      bond dissociation, the overall discrepancy is minimized for that range between
      the Morse and Murrell-Sorbie potential functions. Plotted results reveal two
      observations. First of all, the second derivative approach is appropriate for
      bond compression and infinitesimal bond stretching, while the integral approach
      is more suitable when the extent of bond stretching is significant. Secondly, the
      Morse function exactly fits the Murrell-Sorbie curve when the Morse shape
      parameters based on the second derivative and integral approaches are equal.
      Hence a criterion for determining the accuracy level of Murrell-Sorbie parameters
      for conversion to Morse parameter is established. Finally, a demonstration was
      made for cases where a clear discrepancy was observed in the potential energy
      curves. It was found that the integral approach gives a more conservative and
      more realistic interatomic force curve than those of derivative approach.

PMID- 18157676
TI  - Allelic variation of the Waxy gene in foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P.
      Beauv.] by single nucleotide polymorphisms.
AB  - The Waxy (Wx) gene product controls the formation of a straight chain polymer of
      amylose in the starch pathway. Dominance/recessiveness of the Wx allele is
      associated with amylose content, leading to non-waxy/waxy phenotypes. For a total
      of 113 foxtail millet accessions, agronomic traits and the molecular differences
      of the Wx gene were surveyed to evaluate genetic diversities. Molecular types
      were associated with phenotypes determined by four specific primer sets (non
      waxy, Type I; low amylose, Type VI; waxy, Type IV or V). Additionally, the
      insertion of transposable element in waxy was confirmed by ex1/TSI2R, TSI2F/ex2,
      ex2int2/TSI7R and TSI7F/ex4r. Seventeen single nucleotide polymorphims (SNPs)
      were observed from non-coding regions, while three SNPs from coding regions were
      non-synonymous. Interestingly, the phenotype of No. 88 was still non-waxy,
      although seven nucleotides (AATTGGT) insertion at 2,993 bp led to 78 amino acids
      shorter. The rapid decline of r (2) in the sequenced region (exon 1-intron 1-exon
      2) suggested a low level of linkage disequilibrium and limited haplotype
      structure. K (s) values and estimation of evolutionary events indicate early
      divergence of S. italica among cereal crops. This study suggested the Wx gene was
      one of the targets in the selection process during domestication.

PMID- 18157678
TI  - Disseminated cryptococcosis in HIV-uninfected patients.
AB  - Cryptococcus neoformans usually causes disease in patients with human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This descriptive study was based on a
      retrospective review of 33 HIV-uninfected patients with disseminated
      cryptococcosis from 1998 to 2005. An underlying condition associated with
      immunocompromise was documented in 30 patients (90.9%), including liver cirrhosis
      (36.4%), diabetes mellitus (33.3%) and autoimmune disease (27.3%). Disseminated
      cryptococcosis carried a high mortality rate in this series, reaching 63%
      overall, with a median survival of 21 days. All patients (12/12) with liver
      cirrhosis died within the first month after the diagnosis of cryptococcosis.
      Otherwise, high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II)
      score, female gender and smoking history were associated with worse one-month
      outcome.

PMID- 18157679
TI  - Patient access to rheumatoid arthritis treatments.
AB  - This paper is an introduction to the study "The Burden of Rheumatoid Arthritis
      and Patient Access to Treatment". The objective of the study is to compare
      patient access to new drugs in Europe, North America and a selection of other
      countries, and to analyse the determinants of differences between countries, as
      basis for a discussion on how patients' access to new and effective treatments
      can be improved. There were few treatments available that could affect the
      progression of the disease prior to the introduction of the first TNF inhibitors
      in the late 1990s. Since the cost per patient treated with these biological drugs
      is high compared to previously available treatments, reimbursement through
      private and public insurance is an important determinant for access to treatment.

PMID- 18157680
TI  - Disease activity and the course of elbow joint deterioration over 10 years in the
      patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - One hundred and eighteen elbows in 59 patients who started treatment using
      disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in the first year of the disease
      were followed-up for more than 10 years without biologic agents. Using annual
      radiographs of the elbow joint, Larsen grade (LG) was determined, and bone
      absorption ratio (BAR), cortical thickness ratio (CTR) in the humerus, and
      olecranon thickness ratio (OTR) were calculated. Disease activity was determined
      by disease activity score (DAS)28-C-reactive protein (CRP)(3) at 3- or 4-month
      interval throughout the follow-up period. At 10 years, 30 elbows were in LG III
      or more, the more deteriorated (MD) group, and 88 elbows were in LG II or less,
      the less deteriorated (LD) group. In the radiological assessment, the mean LG,
      BAR, CTR, and OTR progressed with time linearly during 10 years. In the
      comparison between the MD group and the LD group, there was a significant
      difference in the magnitude of change in CTR (DeltaCTR; P = 0.0064), BAR
      (DeltaBAR; P = 0.0100), and OTR (DeltaOTR; P = 0.0051). There was a significant
      difference in the mean DAS28-CRP(3) (0-2 and 0-10 years) between the two groups
      (P = 0.0017 and 0.00002). The cut-off value of mean DAS28-CRP(3) (0-2 years),
      which indicated further progress to the MD group at 10 years, was 3.15. It is
      important to keep disease activity in low level to prevent progression of the
      elbow joint deterioration in the patients with RA.

PMID- 18157681
TI  - Long-term follow-up after embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations
      with detachable silicone balloons.
AB  - Long-term follow-up results after embolization of 13 pulmonary arteriovenous
      malformations in 10 patients by use of 14 detachable silicone balloons are given.
      Patients were followed for a mean of 99 months (range, 63-123 months) with chest
      x-rays and for a mean of 62 months (range, 3-101 months) with pulmonary
      angiography. Fifty-four percent of the balloons were deflated at latest
      radiographic chest film follow-up, but at pulmonary angiographic follow-up all
      embolized malformations were without flow irrespective of whether or not the
      balloons were visible. Detachable silicone balloons are not available anymore,
      but use of these balloons for embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous
      malformations has been shown to be a safe and precise method, with immediate
      occlusion of the feeding artery and with long-lasting occlusion, even though many
      balloons deflate with time, leaving a fibrotic scar replacing the pulmonary
      arteriovenous malformation. No case of recanalization has been discovered, and
      these results seem to justify a reduced number of controls of these balloon
      embolized malformations.

PMID- 18157683
TI  - Presence of side-population cells in an immortalized nontumorigenic human liver
      epithelial cell line.
AB  - Side-population (SP) cells have been shown to be highly enriched stem cells. We
      investigated whether an immortalized, nontumorigenic human liver cell line, THLE
      5b, contains SP cells. Flow cytometry analysis after Hoechst 33342 staining
      demonstrated that the THLE-5b line contained a small component of SP cells. These
      SP cells were essentially eliminated by treatment with verapamil and expressed
      higher levels of ABCG2 mRNA than non-SP cells. In addition, the level of these SP
      cells detected by Hoechst 33342 staining was affected by the experimental
      conditions including the incubation medium. This is the first report of the
      presence of SP cells in the immortalized, nontumorigenic human liver cell line.

PMID- 18157682
TI  - Mycosporine-like amino acids extracted from scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis)
      ovaries: UV protection and growth stimulation activities on human cells.
AB  - Scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) are extensively cultured and landed in Japan.
      During the processing of scallops, large amounts of internal organs and shells
      are discharged as industrial wastes. To reduce the burden on the environment,
      effective utilization and disposal methods of the wastes are required. Therefore,
      we have screened for useful materials in scallop internal organs, and found
      ultraviolet (UV) absorbing compounds from scallop ovaries. Based on UV
      absorption, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), ESI-MS/MS, and
      nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, three UV absorbing compounds were
      identified as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs): shinorine, porphyra-334 (P
      334), and mycosporine-glycine. To investigate whether MAAs can act as a UV
      protector for human cells, we examined the protective effects of the three MAAs
      on human fibroblast cells from UV irradiation. All of the three examined MAAs
      protected the cells from UV-induced cell death. In particular, mycosporine
      glycine had the strongest effect. Further, we found a promotion effect of MAAs on
      the proliferation of human skin fibroblast cells. From these results, it was
      found that the three MAAs isolated from scallop ovaries have a protective effect
      on human cells against UV light. MAAs have potential applications in cosmetics
      and toiletries as a UV protectors and activators of cell proliferation.

PMID- 18157684
TI  - The relationship between female rank and reproductive parameters of the
      ringtailed lemur: a preliminary analysis.
AB  - We used data from a 13-year field study of wild ringtailed lemurs to analyze the
      relationship between female rank and reproductive parameters. In medium and small
      groups there were no significant differences in birth rate, infant mortality
      rate, and the number of surviving infants between the female rank categories. On
      the other hand, in large sized groups low-ranked females had a smaller number of
      surviving infants than middle-ranked females. This suggests that in large sized
      groups, within-group competition lowered the values of reproductive parameters of
      low-ranked females. On the other hand, high and low-ranked females of small sized
      groups tended to have a smaller number of surviving infants than high-ranked
      females of medium sized groups and middle-ranked females of large sized groups.
      Between-group competition should lower the values of their reproductive
      parameters. In sum, these results fit the expectation from Wrangham's (1980)
      inter group feeding competition model.

PMID- 18157685
TI  - The evaluation of some flexural properties of a denture base resin reinforced
      with various aesthetic fibers.
AB  - This study was performed to determine whether some flexural properties of a
      denture base resin material could be improved through reinforcement with five
      types of aesthetic fibers at 3% concentration by weight and in 2, 4, and 6 mm
      length. Five specimens of similar dimensions were prepared for each of the test
      groups; base resin and the same resin with glass, rayon, polyester, nylon 6 and
      nylon 6,6 fibers in three different lengths. Flexural properties were evaluated
      by using a 3-point bending test. A visual examination was also made to determine
      mode of fracture of the specimens. The incorporation of different fibers in
      varying lengths had no significant effect on flexural strength of the resin. The
      specimens reinforced with nylon 6,6 fibers of 6 mm length showed the highest
      flexural strength. Young's modulus and maximum load suggests that such
      reinforcement makes resin resistant to fracture.

PMID- 18157686
TI  - Biological evaluation of partially stabilized zirconia added HA/HDPE composites
      with osteoblast and fibroblast cell lines.
AB  - In the present study, the biocompatibility of partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ)
      added hydroxyapatite (HA)--high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites was
      evaluated by proliferation and cell attachment assays on two osteoblast cell
      lines (G-292, Saos-2) and a type of fibroblast cell isolated from bone tissue
      namely HBF in different time intervals. Cell-material interactions on the surface
      of the composites were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect
      of composites on the behavior of osteoblast and fibroblast cells was compared
      with those of HDPE and Tissue Culture Poly Styrene (TPS) (as negative control)
      samples. Results showed that the composite samples supported a higher
      proliferation rate of osteoblast cells in the presence of composite samples as
      compared to the HDPE and TPS samples after 3, 7 and 14 days of incubation period.
      It was showed that an equal or in some cases an even higher proliferation rate of
      G-292 and Saos-2 osteoblast cells on composite samples in compare to negative
      controls in culture period (P < 0.05). The number of adhered cells on the
      composite samples was equal and in some cases higher than the number adhered on
      the HDPE and TPS samples after the above mentioned incubation periods (P < 0.05).
      Adhered cells presented a normal morphology by SEM and many of the cells were
      seen to be undergoing cell division.

PMID- 18157687
TI  - Gelatin hydrogels: enhanced biocompatibility, drug release and cell viability.
AB  - Biodegradability and enhanced biocompatibility with pH-sensitivity of hydrogels
      are becoming very important issues for biomaterials applications so as to
      minimize the host-body reactions such as, inflammatory, antigenic, and
      immunogenic problems. This study involves development of hydrogel matrices of
      gelatin conjugated/modified with highly hydrophilic, pH-sensitive and
      biocompatible polymer, poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and glyoxylic acid
      respectively. Various compositions of gelatin conjugated/modified with poly (2
      ethyl-2-oxazoline) (gp) and glyoxylic acid (gg) were synthesized. The swelling
      kinetics, cell viability and drug release capability from the gels at pH 4.5 and
      7.4 were investigated. The results of swelling kinetics showed that, both the
      degree of swelling (DS) and the maximum degree of swelling (MDS) increased as
      function of modification (increase in modification) and pH with an increase of
      time, which is due to increase in ionic groups. The drug-release (1%
      chlorhexidine) studies at pH 7.4 and 4.5 confirmed a proportional drug release
      with an increase in degree of swelling. The results of in-vitro cytotoxicity
      tests using mouse embryonic 3T3 fibroblast cells indicated, an improved cell
      viability for gelatin gels conjugated/modified with poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)
      (gp) and glyoxylic acid (gg) gels, when compared with 1% glutaraldehyde cross
      linked gelatin gels (gx). Hence, cross-linked gelatin gels can be replaced with
      gp/gg for potential use in biomedical applications as a matrix for drug delivery.

PMID- 18157688
TI  - Characterization of monoolein-based lipoplexes using fluorescence spectroscopy.
AB  - Lipoplexes are commonly used as delivery systems in vitro and in vivo, the role
      of a neutral lipid as helper being of extreme importance in these systems.
      Cationic liposomes composed of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) with
      monoolein (MO) as a helper, at different molar ratios (1:2; 1:1 and 1:0.5) were
      prepared, and subsequently titrated to DNA. The structural and physicochemical
      properties of the lipid/DNA complexes were assessed by ethidium bromide (EtBr)
      exclusion, 90 degrees static light scattering (90 degrees SLS) assays and
      fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). In EtBr exclusion assays, the
      steady-state fluorescence spectra of EtBr were decomposed into the sum of two
      lognormal emissions, emanating from two different environments--H(2)O and DNA,
      and the effect of charge ratio (+/-) was observed. 90 degrees SLS assays gave an
      important contribution, detecting size variations in systems with different MO
      fractions on the lipoplexes. In FRET assays, 2-(3-(diphenylhexatrienyl)propanoyl)
      1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPH-HPC) was used as donor and EtBr
      as acceptor. The DNA component previously calculated by EtBr exclusion, was used
      to determine the energy transfer efficiency, as an indirect measurement of the
      lipoplexes structural and physicochemical properties. Our results demonstrate
      that the inclusion of monoolein in the cationic liposomes formulation
      significantly modifies the rate of DNA complexation, being DODAB:MO (1:1) the
      system with higher DNA condensation efficiency.

PMID- 18157689
TI  - The association of benefit finding to psychosocial and health behavior adaptation
      among HIV+ men and women.
AB  - Psychological and behavioral adaptation to HIV is integral to long-term survival.
      Although most research on coping with HIV has focused on factors associated with
      poor adaptation, recent research has expanded to include positive concomitants of
      adaptation, such as benefit finding. This study examined the occurrence of
      benefit finding among HIV+ men and women and evaluated the potential relevance of
      benefit finding to positive health behavior and psychosocial adaptation. HIV+
      participants (N = 221) recruited during outpatient care completed self-report
      assessments of benefit finding, social support, depression, HAART adherence,
      substance use, and physical activity. In a series of multivariate analyses that
      controlled for demographic and health status variables, benefit finding was
      associated with lower depression scores, greater social support, and more
      physical activity, but showed no association to HAART adherence or substance use.
      The association of benefit finding to depression was partially mediated by
      differences in social support. Thus, benefit finding may improve psychological
      adjustment by motivating patients who experience stress-related growth to seek
      social support.

PMID- 18157690
TI  - Strong genetic differentiation of Primula sikkimensis in the East Himalaya
      Hengduan Mountains.
AB  - The East Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains region is the center of diversity of the
      genus Primula, and P. sikkimensis is one of the most common members of the genus
      in the region. In this study, the genetic diversity and structure of P.
      sikkimensis populations in China were assessed using inter-simple sequence repeat
      (ISSR) and chloroplast microsatellite markers. The 254 individuals analyzed
      represented 13 populations. High levels of genetic diversity were revealed by
      ISSR markers. At the species level, the expected heterozygosity and Shannon's
      index were 0.4032 and 0.5576, respectively. AMOVA analysis showed that 50.3% of
      the total genetic diversity was partitioned among populations. Three pairs of
      chloroplast microsatellite primers tested yielded a total of 12 size variants and
      15 chloroplast haplotypes. Strong cpDNA genetic differentiation (G (ST) = 0.697)
      and evidence for phylogeographic structure were detected (N (ST )= 0.788,
      significantly higher than G (ST)). Estimated rates of pollen-mediated gene flow
      are approximately 27% greater than estimated rates of seed-mediated gene flow in
      P. sikkimensis. Both seed and pollen dispersal, however, are limited, and gene
      flow among populations appears to be hindered by the patchiness of the species'
      habitats and their geographic isolation. These features may have played important
      roles in shaping the genetic structure of P. sikkimensis. A minimum-spanning tree
      of chloroplast DNA haplotypes was constructed, and possible glacial refugia of P.
      sikkimensis were identified.

PMID- 18157691
TI  - Sub-lethal effects of acetone on Daphnia magna.
AB  - There is increasing concern about the sub-lethal effect of hydrophobic chemicals
      in the water medium. Even though acetone is a commonly used solvent in toxicity
      testing, few studies have focussed on its chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna and
      the available results are often contradictory. In this study, acetone was tested
      on D. magna in a 21-day exposure experiment and the effects on mortality,
      fertility and morphology of exposed organisms (F(0)) and offspring (F(1)-F(2),
      reared without acetone) were evaluated. No significant reduction of survival was
      observed with increasing concentrations, and no significant reduction in
      fecundity in any treatment group in terms of average number of daphnids per
      mother was observed. Abnormal development of second antennae was observed on F(1)
      from F(0) exposed to 79 mg l(-1) solvent. The ET50 of acetone on the number of
      mothers that produced deformed offspring over time was 12.5 days. Our results
      suggest that the acetone concentration should not exceed 7.9 mg l(-1), which is
      10 times less than the allowed concentration as determined by OECD chronic assays
      on D. magna. More attention should be paid to small, water-soluble molecules
      usually considered of low concern for chronic toxicity because they might affect
      other metabolic pathways.

PMID- 18157692
TI  - Neurotrophic effects of GnRH on neurite outgrowth and neurofilament protein
      expression in cultured cerebral cortical neurons of rat embryos.
AB  - The presence of GnRH receptor in cerebral cortical neurons of rat embryos and
      adult rats has been described. In this work, we studied the effects of GnRH on
      outgrowth and length of neurites and cytoskeletal neurofilament proteins
      expression (NF-68 and NF-200 kDa) by immunoblot of cultured cerebral cortical
      neurons of rat embryos. Our results show that GnRH increases both outgrowth and
      length of neurites accompanied by an increase in neurofilaments expression. It is
      conceivable that GnRH plays a role in neuronal plasticity parallel to its gonadal
      function.

PMID- 18157693
TI  - Workshop-based training in trauma-focused CBT: an in-depth analysis of impact on
      provider practices.
AB  - Despite evidence that more intensive methods are more effective, many clinical
      settings continue to train practitioners using workshops. To more fully
      understand the strengths and limitations of workshops, the present investigation
      studied changes in practitioner behavior following a workshop in trauma-focused
      cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT). A chart review indicated no changes in TF
      CBT use following the training, although therapists indicated that CBT was the
      most effective treatment for traumatized youths and was their primary approach to
      treating trauma. Analysis of client factors indicated weak relationships between
      technique use and treatment need. Implications of these findings for future
      training efforts are discussed.

PMID- 18157694
TI  - Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius 433118 on intestinal inflammation, immunity
      status and in vitro colon function in two mouse models of inflammatory bowel
      disease.
AB  - The probiotic, Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius 433118 (UCC118), was
      investigated for its potential to attenuate colitis, modulate immune responses
      and alter intestinal barrier dysfunction in two different mouse models of
      inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Following oral treatment with UCC118, faecal
      microbial analysis indicated that viable intact bacteria reached the colons of
      interleukin (IL)-10(-/-) mice and dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-treated mice.
      Neither prophylactic nor therapeutic UCC118 treatment significantly prevented or
      attenuated inflammation in either model. In all studies, the probiotic-treated
      mice had comparable cytokine responses as vehicle-treated animals. Mannitol
      permeability was increased across colonic mucosae mounted in Ussing chambers from
      DSS-treated mice, but not in IL-10(-/-) mice. However, colonic mucosae from
      UCC118-treated mice had unchanged transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER)
      values and mannitol fluxes compared to controls. In two different mouse colitis
      models examined under a range of histological and functional criteria, the data
      therefore suggest that this Lactobacillus subsp. has limited potential as a
      prophylactic or therapeutic treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. While
      several studies have shown therapeutic activity for this probiotic in mouse
      models of IBD, our data suggest that there are inter-study variables in
      formulation, study design, animal models and assessment criteria that may impact
      on interpretation of probiotic efficacy.

PMID- 18157695
TI  - In human entrocytes, GLN transport and ASCT2 surface expression induced by short
      term EGF are MAPK, PI3K, and Rho-dependent.
AB  - Glutamine, a key nutrient for the enterocyte, is transported among other proteins
      by ASCT2. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) augments intestinal adaptation. We
      hypothesized that short-term treatment of human enterocytes with EGF enhances
      glutamine transport by increasing membranal ASCT2. To elucidate EGF-induced
      mechanisms, monolayers of C2(BBe)1 w/wo siRho transfection were treated w/wo EGF
      and w/wo tyrphostin AG1478 (AG1478), wortmanin, or PD98059. Total and system
      specific (3)H-glutamine transports were determined w/wo 5 mmol/l amino acid
      inhibitors. Total and membranal ASCT2 proteins were measured by Westerns. EGF
      doubled glutamine transport by increasing B(0)/ASCT2 and B(0,+) activities.
      Despite the doubling of membranal ASCT2 protein with EGF treatment, total ASCT2
      did not change. The increases in B(0)/ASCT2 activity and ASCT2 protein were
      eliminated by AG1478, PD98059, wortmanin, and siRho, while transport by B(0,+)
      was inhibited only by PD98059 and siRho. Thus, differential pathways are involved
      in EGF-induced increase in B(0)/ASCT2 glutamine transport and membranal ASCT2
      compared to those involved in B(0,+) activity.

PMID- 18157696
TI  - Unprotected Tajik male migrant workers in Moscow at risk for HIV/AIDS.
AB  - This paper focuses on Tajik male migrant workers in Moscow and seeks to address
      the global public health problem of HIV prevention amongst male migrant workers.
      To develop feasible and effective preventive interventions for reducing HIV risk
      behaviors amongst Tajik male migrant workers in Moscow, this study aimed to
      characterize their HIV/AIDS risk and protective knowledge, attitudes, and
      behaviors, as well as key contextual factors that would likely impede or
      facilitate a preventive intervention. This was a collaborative multi-sited
      ethnography in Moscow that included minimally structured interviews with 16
      participants and focus group discussions with an additional 14 participants. The
      results suggest that many Tajik male migrant workers in Moscow are having
      unprotected sex with commercial sex workers. Although some of the migrants have
      basic knowledge about HIV, the migrants' ability to protect themselves from
      acquiring HIV is compromised by harsh living and working conditions as a
      consequence of being unprotected by law in Russia. To respond to HIV/AIDS risks
      amongst Tajik male migrant workers in Moscow, preventive interventions must be
      developed that respond to their sense of being unprotected in the midst of harsh
      living and working conditions and that draw upon existing sources of religious,
      community, and family support.

PMID- 18157697
TI  - Intracerebroventricular administration of soy protein hydrolysates reduces body
      weight without affecting food intake in rats.
AB  - Some studies suggest that increased consumption of soy protein hydrolysates may
      cause body weight loss but the mechanism of action is unknown. The objective of
      this investigation was to determine whether intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)
      infusion of soy protein hydrolysates decrease food intake and body weight. Adult
      male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) received i.c.v. injections of soy hydrolysate I
      (SH I) or soy hydrolysate II (SH II) three times weekly for 2 weeks. Krebs
      solution and leptin were used as negative and positive controls respectively. SH
      I (6.5-20 kDa with a strong band at 14 kDa) was produced by hydrolysis with
      alcalase, and SH II (approximately 2 kDa) was obtained by hydrolysis and
      ultrafiltration. Leptin successfully reduced body weight (-1.60 g) 24 h (p =
      0.0093) after the third injection. SH I caused significant (p = 0.0009) decreases
      in body weight (-1.70 g) 24 h after the third injection but not after 48 h. SH II
      showed a tendency to prevent body weight gain but this effect was short of
      statistical significance (p < 0.40). Food intake was not affected by any of the
      soy hydrolysate treatments but leptin injection did cause significant decreases
      in food intake (p < 0.05). Data suggest that soy alcalase hydrolysate can
      decrease, in the short term, the rate of body weight gain independently of food
      consumption. This preliminary data show that soy peptides may play a role on body
      weight regulation, possibly by increasing energy utilization.

PMID- 18157699
TI  - Streptomyces sudanensis sp. nov., a new pathogen isolated from patients with
      actinomycetoma.
AB  - Nine strains isolated from mycetoma patients and received as Streptomyces
      somaliensis were the subject of a polyphasic taxonomic study. The organisms
      shared chemical markers consistent with their classification in the genus
      Streptomyces and formed two distinct monophyletic subclades in the Streptomyces
      16S rRNA gene tree. The first subclade contained four organisms, including the
      type strain of S. somaliensis, and the second clade the remaining five strains
      which had almost identical 16S rRNA sequences. Members of the two subclades were
      sharply separated using DNA:DNA relatedness and phenotypic data which also showed
      that the subclade 1 strains formed an heterogeneous group. In contrast, the
      subclade 2 strains were assigned to a single genomic species and had identical
      phenotypic profiles. It is evident from these data that the subclade 2 strains
      should be recognised as a new species of Streptomyces. The name proposed for this
      new species is Streptomyces sudanensis sp. nov. The type strain is SD 504(T) (DSM
      = 41923(T) = NRRL B-24575(T)).

PMID- 18157700
TI  - Identification of two AFLP markers linked to bacterial wilt resistance in tomato
      and conversion to SCAR markers.
AB  - Tomato bacterial wilt (BW) incited by Ralstonia solanacearum is a constraint on
      tomato production in tropical, subtropical and humid regions of the world. In
      this paper, we present the results of a research aimed at the identification of
      PCR-based markers amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) linked to the
      genes that confer resistance to tomato BW. To this purpose, bulked segregant
      analysis was applied to an F(2) population segregating for the BW resistant gene
      and derived from the pair-cross between a BW resistant cultivar T51A and the
      susceptible cultivar T9230. Genetic analysis indicated that tomato BW was
      conferred by two incomplete dominant genes. A CTAB method for total DNA
      extraction, developed by Murray and Thompson with some modifications was used to
      isolation the infected tomato leaves. Thirteen differential fragments were
      detected using 256 primer combinations, and two AFLP markers were linked to the
      BW resistance. Subsequently, the AFLP markers were converted to co-dominant SCAR
      markers, named TSCAR(AAT/CGA) and TSCAR(AAG/CAT). Linkage analysis showed that
      the two markers are on the contralateral side of TRSR-1. Genetic distance between
      TSCAR(AAT/CGA) and TRS-1 was estimated to 4.6 cM, while 8.4 cM between
      TSCAR(AAG/CAT) and TRS-1.

PMID- 18157701
TI  - Molecular cloning and characterization of a flower-specific class III peroxidase
      gene in G. hirsutum.
AB  - A fundamental focus of plant biology is to understand the relationship between
      flowering and plant reproduction, but it is also of practical interest in
      agriculture. To investigate the genes involved in flowering, reproduction and
      male sterility, DDRT-PCR was performed in vegetative and reproductive tissues of
      the cotton genic male sterile line LangA. A 683 bp partial peroxidase cDNA was
      amplified from cotton (G. hirsutum) pollen, using degenerate oligonucleotide
      primers and arbitrary primers in DDRT-PCR. The full-length cDNA clone, designated
      Ghpod (cDNA GenBank accession number: EU196676), was isolated using 5'-RACE
      strategy and a partial 5'-UTR was isolated applying TAIL-PCR. Ghpod was
      characterized as a mature 330 amino acid protein, containing all evolutionarily
      conserved residues present in different members of the plant peroxidase family.
      The molecular mass of this unprocessed and unmodified deduced protein was
      estimated to be 35.54 kDa, and the pI value was 4.34. According to the Ghpod
      protein localization prediction by PSORT, Ghpod may be secreted extracellularly.
      Unlike other cotton class III peroxidases, Ghpod was expressed exclusively in
      reproductive organs, particularly pollen. A genomic DNA fragment encoding Ghpod
      was also cloned and fully sequenced, revealing a "three intron" structural
      organization in a category of genes belonging to a normal class III plant
      secretory peroxidase. In conclusion, the flower-specific expression of Ghpod,
      predominantly in pollen, suggested that the peroxidase is involved in the male
      reproductive processes of angiosperms.

PMID- 18157702
TI  - Molecular cloning and expression analyses of a novel swine gene--ARF4.
AB  - The mRNA differential display technique was performed to investigate the
      differences of gene expression in the longissimus muscle tissues from Meishan and
      Large White pigs. One novel gene that was differentially expressed was identified
      through semi-quantitative RT-PCR and the cDNA complete sequence was then obtained
      using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. The nucleotide sequence
      of the gene is not homologous to any of the known porcine genes. The sequence
      prediction analysis revealed that the open reading frame of this gene encodes a
      protein of 180 amino acids that contains the putative conserved domain of ADP
      ribosylation factor (ARF) which has high homology with the ADP-ribosylation
      factor 4 (ARF4) of six species-bovine (98%), human and orangutan (96%), African
      clawed frog (96%), mouse and rat (98%)-so that it can be defined as swine ADP
      ribosylation factor 4 (ARF4). This novel porcine gene was finally assigned to
      GeneID:595108. The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the swine ARF4 has a
      closer genetic relationship with the rat and mouse ARF4 than with those of human
      and African clawed frog. The tissue expression analysis indicated that the swine
      ARF4 gene is over expressed in muscle, fat, heart, spleen, liver, and ovary and
      moderately expressed in lung and kidney but weakly expressed in small intestine.
      Our experiment is the first to establish the primary foundation for further
      research on the swine ARF4 gene.

PMID- 18157703
TI  - Cloning and characterization of class 1 and class 2 insulin-like growth factor-I
      mRNA in Songliao black pig.
AB  - Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) plays a fundamental role in postnatal
      mammalian growth, development, and metabolism. The mammalian IGF-I gene contains
      at least six exons from which several different mRNAs are transcribed. In this
      study, IGF-I mRNA in Songliao black pig liver was investigated using RLM-RACE.
      Using a 3'-RACE technique, we determined that all mRNA transcripts lacked exon 5
      sequence and contained only exon 6 sequence. Using a 5'-RACE technique, we
      investigated the presence of class 1 and class 2 IGF-I mRNAs. In several other
      species, the class 1 and class 2 IGF-I polypeptides are generated from mRNAs
      containing exon 1 or exon 2, respectively. Both class 1 and class 2 IGF-I mRNAs
      were identified in Songliao black pig liver. Transcription is initiatated
      upstream of exons 1 and 2 at multiple dispersed start sites to yield two distinct
      IGF-I mRNA transcript classes which differ in the precursor peptides predicted
      from their individual leader sequences. Tissue distribution of Songliao black pig
      class 1 and class 2 IGF-I mRNA was investigated by real-time RT-PCR. Both classes
      of IGF-I mRNA were expressed in a variety of tissues, however, class 1 IGF-I mRNA
      was more abundant than class 2 in all tissues.

PMID- 18157698
TI  - Acromegaly: re-thinking the cancer risk.
AB  - Acromegaly is characterized by sustained elevation of circulating growth hormone
      (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and is clearly associated with
      increased morbidity and overall mortality mainly due to cardiovascular,
      metabolic, and respiratory diseases. Although cancer-related mortality varies
      widely amongst retroperspective studies, it appears to be consistently elevated
      mainly in patients with uncontrolled disease. We review individual tumor types
      including neoplasms of the colon, breast, prostate, and thyroid where in vitro,
      animal studies, and studies in non-acromegalic cancer patients have established a
      role for the GH/IGF-I axis in tumor progression and possibly initiation. We
      highlight deficiencies in data in acromegalic patients where the evidence is less
      convincing. Instead, we explore the hypothesis that acromegaly, independent of
      hormone secretion, is a disease that heralds genetic and/or epigenetic
      alterations predisposing to cancer risk elsewhere.

PMID- 18157705
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of eslicarbazepine acetate in patients with moderate hepatic
      impairment.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of moderate liver impairment on the
      pharmacokinetics of eslicarbazepine acetate (BIA 2-093, ESL), a novel voltage
      gated sodium channel blocker currently in clinical development. METHODS: The
      pharmacokinetics of ESL following an administration regimen of 800 mg once-daily
      for 8 days was characterized in patients with moderate liver impairment (n = 8)
      and in subjects with normal liver function (n = 8, control group). RESULTS:
      Eslicarbazepine acetate was rapidly and extensively metabolized by first-pass
      metabolism to its main active metabolite, eslicarbazepine (S-licarbazepine).
      There were more subjects with measurable plasma concentrations of the parent drug
      (ESL) in the hepatic impairment group than in the control group, suggesting that
      first-pass metabolism was slightly decreased by liver impairment. However, ESL
      plasma concentrations remained very low, representing only about 0.01% of total
      systemic exposure. No differences in the pharmacokinetics of eslicarbazepine or
      its metabolites were found between the hepatic impairment and control groups.
      Urinary excretion of eslicarbazepine and its glucuronide form was similar in the
      liver impaired and control subjects. The sum of drug moieties recovered in the
      urine corresponded to 91% of the administered dose in the control group and to
      84% of the administered dose in the liver impairment group. CONCLUSION: The
      pharmacokinetics of ESL was not affected by moderate hepatic impairment.
      Therefore, patients with mild to moderate liver impairment treated with ESL do
      not require dosage adjustment.

PMID- 18157704
TI  - The role of anxiety in the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in an
      animal model of Parkinson's disease, and the effect of chronic treatment with the
      selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is an inevitable complication of
      the long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with levodopa. In a rat model
      of LID, we observed that animals of almost identical genetic but slightly
      different environmental backgrounds displayed a very different profile in terms
      of their development and severity of LID. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We hypothesised
      that this heterogeneity can be attributed to different levels of anxiety in
      individual animals. We evaluated the basal anxiety level of rats in this study
      using the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field (OF) test, and plasma
      corticosterone level. These animals then received unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine
      lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway after which they were primed to develop LID.
      Finally, we manipulated the anxiety level of these animals by citalopram
      treatment over a 9-week period before they were killed. RESULTS: Although we
      could not establish an association between the anxiety level of rats with either
      the onset or severity of LID, our results showed that citalopram was able to
      mediate a partial alleviation in LID after chronic treatment, and the extent of
      recovery was negatively correlated to the anxiety measures of individual animals.
      Furthermore, this citalopram-mediated LID recovery appeared to be independent of
      any changes in striatal cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32) and
      cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) system, in contrast to our previous studies with
      fetal ventral mesencephalon transplants. However, chronic citalopram treatment
      almost completely abolished the expression of serotonin receptor 1B (5HT1B) in
      the striatum in animals exhibiting LID recovery. CONCLUSIONS: These results
      indicate a novel association of serotonin receptors in the development of LID and
      contributes to the evidence that the serotonergic system may play an important
      role in such movements.

PMID- 18157706
TI  - Microbial diversity in acid mineral bioleaching systems of dongxiang copper mine
      and Yinshan lead-zinc mine.
AB  - To understand the composition and structure of microbial communities in acid
      mineral bioleaching systems, the molecular diversity of 16S rDNA genes was
      examined using a PCR-based cloning approach. A total of 31 Operational Taxonomic
      Units (OTUs) were obtained from the four samples taken from four different
      bioleaching sites in Yinshan lead-zinc mine and Dongxiang copper mine in Jiangxi
      Province, China. The percentages of overlapping OTUs between sites ranged from
      22.2 to 50.0%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the bacteria present at the
      four bioleaching sites fell into six divisions, alpha-Proteobacteria (1.1%), beta
      Proteobacteria (2.3%), gamma-Proteobacteria (30.8%), Firmicutes (15.4%),
      Actinobacteria (0.3%) and Nitrospira (50.1%). Organisms of genera Leptospirillum,
      Acidithiobacillus, and Sulfobacillus, which were in Nitrospira, gamma
      Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes divisions, respectively, were the most dominant.
      The results of principal component analysis based on the six phylogenetic
      divisions and biogeochemical data indicated that the microbial community
      structure of a site was directly related to the biogeochemical characteristic of
      that site. It follows therefore that sites with similar biogeochemical
      characteristics were comprised of similar microbial community structures. The
      results in our study also suggest that the elements copper and arsenic appear to
      be the key factors affecting the compositions and structures of microbial
      community in the four bioleaching sites.

PMID- 18157707
TI  - Past, present and future of extremophiles.

PMID- 18157708
TI  - Huntington disease mutation in Venezuela: age of onset, haplotype analyses and
      geographic aggregation.
AB  - The aggregation of patients with Huntington's disease (HD) around Lake Maracaibo,
      Zulia State, Venezuela, is widely recognized, but the epidemiology of HD in the
      whole country is relatively unstudied. We have examined 279 individuals from 60
      unrelated affected families residing in various areas of Venezuela for the
      presence of CAG repeats and other features associated with HD. The number of
      expanded repeats in 139 carriers varied from 35 to 112. Based on our examination
      of 71 symptomatic individuals, we developed a log-transformed regression
      equation, y= -0.0238x + 2.6616, to enable the prediction of age of onset in
      asymptomatic carriers. Intragenic haplotypes were constructed with two VNTRs
      (variable number of tandem repeats) and two SNPs (single nucleotide
      polymorphisms) in the promoter region as well as CCG repeat and Delta2642
      polymorphisms to assess kinship between families. In 43 of 45 tested families,
      the haplotype on the mutated chromosome was 1;G;C;7;(A). The other haplotypes
      observed, 1;G;C;7;(B) and 4;G;C;7;(A), were of Peruvian and French origins,
      respectively. The geographic source of the first affected ancestor was assessed
      in 54 families from 15 different states. Residents of the states of Miranda, Lara
      and Tachira, excluding those of Zulia, had a mutated allele prevalence five- to
      ninefold higher than that of other areas. A low (approx. 1/200,000) prevalence, a
      wide-spread distribution with aggregation in some states and a likely remote
      European Caucasoid origin are defining epidemiologic features of HD in Venezuela.

PMID- 18157709
TI  - Looking toward the future of plant biology and the Journal of Plant Research.

PMID- 18157710
TI  - Intravitreal pegaptanib sodium (Macugen) for refractory cystoid macular edema in
      pericentral retinitis pigmentosa.
AB  - The purpose of this paper was to describe a patient with pericentral retinitis
      pigmentosa (RP) and cystoid macular edema (CME) refractory to oral acetazolamide
      alone who was successfully treated with adjunctive pegaptanib sodium. A 33-year
      old man presented with decreased vision and a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)
      in his left eye of 20/200 due to CME secondary to RP. Although he had been
      treated daily for 1 month with 500 mg of oral acetazolamide, the edema was
      unresponsive. When informed of the available treatment options, the patient
      requested adjunctive intravitreal pegaptanib sodium. One month after receiving an
      injection of pegaptanib sodium 0.3 mg and continued daily acetazolamide, the
      patient's BCVA had improved to 20/40. At the 4-month follow-up visit, no
      recurrence of CME was found on fundus biomicroscopy, fundus-related perimetry,
      and optical coherence tomography. We conclude that intravitreal pegaptanib sodium
      combined with daily doses of acetazolamide appears to provide benefits in CME
      refractory to oral acetazolamide alone with regards to the improvement of visual
      acuity.

PMID- 18157711
TI  - Association between inflammatory gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease
      in an Indian population.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Inflammation is one of the major components of atherosclerosis which
      is the underlying disorder that leads to various diseases including coronary
      artery disease (CAD). Genes that are involved in the inflammatory processes are
      therefore good candidates for the risk of CAD. Variations in the genes involved
      in various molecular pathways of inflammation have been implicated to exaggerated
      atherosclerosis and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we
      performed a genetic association study on the single nucleotide polymorphisms
      (SNPs) present in the genes CD14 (-159 C/T), TNFalpha (-308 G/A), IL-1alpha (-889
      C/T), IL-6 (-174 G/C), PSMA6 (-8 C/G), and PDE4D (SNP83 T/C, respectively) in
      order to discern their possible role in the susceptibility to CAD in a North
      Indian population. METHODS: Angiographically proven CAD patients (n = 210) and
      age, sex and ethnically matched normal healthy controls (n = 232) were recruited
      for this case-control study. Genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP method. Chi
      square and logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the genotype
      and allele frequencies between the patient and the control groups. RESULTS: None
      of the SNPs showed significant association with CAD in the study population
      before and after adjustment for the confounding risk factors like age, sex,
      hypertension, smoking habit, and diabetes. CONCLUSION: This study was unable to
      demonstrate any association between the six gene variants tested and CAD in the
      North Indian population.

PMID- 18157712
TI  - Arterial thrombosis and drospirenone-containing pill (Yasmin). Is the pill to be
      absolutely avoided by women who smoke?

PMID- 18157713
TI  - Ti K-edge XANES study of the local environment of titanium in bioresorbable TiO2
      CaO-Na2O-P2O5 glasses.
AB  - Ti K-edge XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) spectroscopy has been used
      to study the local coordination of titanium in biocompatible and bioresorbable
      TiO2-CaO-Na2O-P2O5 glasses. Both conventional melt-quenched glasses of
      composition (TiO2)x(CaO)0.30(Na2O)0.20-x(P2O5)0.50, where x = 0.01, 0.03 and
      0.05, and sol-gel derived (TiO2)0.25(CaO)0.25(P2O5)0.50 glass have been studied.
      The results show that in all the materials studied, titanium is surrounded by an
      octahedron of oxygen atoms. Further analysis reveals that the TiO6 site in the
      amorphous samples is not heavily distorted relative to that in rutile, anatase or
      CaSiTiO5. The spectra from the (TiO2)0.25(CaO)0.25(P2O5)0.50 sol-gel samples
      reveal greater distortion in the TiO6 site in the dried gel compared to the heat
      treated sol-gel glass. The XANES spectra from melt-quenched glass samples soaked
      in distilled water for various times do not shown any evidence of degradation of
      the titanium site over periods of up to 14 days.

PMID- 18157715
TI  - Characterisation of major acidic anions in TSP and PM10 in Zagreb air.
AB  - This article presents the results of mass concentration of major acidic anions
      (chlorides, nitrates and sulphates) in TSP and PM(10) particle fraction in Zagreb
      air measured continuously at one measuring site in 2004. The annual average mass
      concentrations of the investigated anions followed the order chloride < nitrate <
      sulphate. Significant correlations were obtained between TSP and investigated
      anions and between PM(10) and investigated anions, the latter showing a higher
      correlation coefficient. The annual average mass ratio of (NO(3)(-))/(SO(4)(2-))
      obtained in TSP and PM(10) was >0.8, which suggests that mobile source emission
      was an important contributor to particle mass.

PMID- 18157716
TI  - Development of a navigation system for minimally invasive esophagectomy.
AB  - BACKGROUND: A major challenge of minimally invasive esophagectomy is the
      uncertainty about the exact location of the tumor and associated lymph nodes.
      This study aimed to develop a navigation system for visualizing surgical
      instruments in relation to the tumor and anatomic structures in the chest.
      METHODS: An immobilization device consisting of a vacuum mattress fixed to a
      stretcher was built to decrease patient movement and organ deformation. Computer
      tomography (CT) markers were embedded in the stretcher at a defined distance to a
      detachable plate with optical markers on the side of the stretcher. A second
      plate of optical markers was fixed to the operating instrument. These two optical
      marker plates were tracked with an optical tracking system. Their positions were
      then registered in a preoperative CT data set using the authors' navigation
      software. This allowed a real-time visualization of the instrument and target
      structures. To assess the accuracy of the system, the authors designed a phantom
      consisting of a box containing small spheres in a specific three-dimensional
      layout. The positions of the spheres were first measured with the navigation
      system and then compared with the known real positions to determine the accuracy
      of the system. RESULTS: In the accuracy assessment, the navigation system showed
      a precision of 0.95 +/- 0.78 mm. In a test data set, the instrument could be
      successfully navigated to the tumor and target structures. CONCLUSION: The
      described navigation system provided real-time information about the position and
      orientation of the working instrument in relation to the tumor in an experimental
      setup. Consequently, it might improve minimally invasive esophagectomy and allow
      for surgical dissection in an adequate distance to the tumor margin and ease the
      location of affected lymph nodes.

PMID- 18157717
TI  - Laparoscopic surgery for Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis.

PMID- 18157718
TI  - Results, outcome predictors, and complications after stapled transanal rectal
      resection for obstructed defecation.
AB  - PURPOSE: Obstructed defecation may be treated by stapled transanal rectal
      resection, but different complications and recurrence rates have been reported.
      The present study was designed to evaluate stapled transanal rectal resection
      results, outcome predictive factors, and nature of complications. METHODS:
      Clinical and functional data of 123 patients were retrospectively analyzed. All
      patients had symptoms of obstructed defecation before surgery and had rectocele
      and/or intussusception. Of them, 85 were operated on by the authors and 38 were
      referred after stapled transanal rectal resection had been performed elsewhere.
      RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 17 (range, 3-44) months, 65 percent of the
      patients operated on by the authors had subjective improvement. Recurrent
      rectocele was present in 29 percent and recurrent intussusception was present in
      28 percent of patients. At univariate analysis, results were worse in those with
      preoperative digitation (P<0.01), puborectalis dyssynergia (P<0.05), enterocele
      (P<0.05), larger size rectocele (P<0.05), lower bowel frequency (P<0.05), and
      sense of incomplete evacuation (P<0.05). Bleeding was the most common
      perioperative complication occurring in 12 percent of cases. Reoperations were
      needed in 16 patients (19 percent): 9 for recurrent disease. In the 38 patients
      referred after stapled transanal rectal resection, the most common problems were
      perineal pain (53 percent), constipation with recurrent rectocele and/or
      intussusception (50 percent), and incontinence (28 percent). Of these patients,
      14 (37 percent) underwent reoperations: 7 for recurrence. Three patients
      presented with a rectovaginal fistula. One other patient died for necrotizing
      pelvic fasciitis. CONCLUSIONS: Stapled transanal rectal resection achieved
      acceptable results at the cost of a high reoperation rate. Patients with
      puborectalis dyssynergia and lower bowel frequency may do worse because surgery
      does not address the causes of their constipation. Patients with large
      rectoceles, enteroceles, digitation, and a sense of incomplete evacuation may
      have more advanced pelvic floor disease for which stapled transanal rectal
      resection, which simply removes redundant tissue, may not be adequate. This,
      together with the complications observed in patients referred after stapled
      transanal rectal resection, suggests that this procedure should be performed by
      colorectal surgeons and in carefully selected patients.

PMID- 18157720
TI  - Pancreatic cystic neuroendocrine tumors: preoperative diagnosis with endoscopic
      ultrasound and fine-needle immunocytology.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cystic neuroendocrine tumors (CNETs) are rare premalignant
      conditions. Computed tomography (CT) occasionally demonstrates the hypervascular
      border characteristic of NETs. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with fine-needle
      aspiration and immunocytology may be a more consistent means to establish the
      diagnosis, but no data on the role of EUS are available. This report represents
      the largest series of CNETs treated to date, documents the role of EUS in
      preoperative diagnosis, and describes current management. METHODS: Retrospective
      review of our experience with CNETs treated at an academic center between 1999
      and 2006. RESULTS: Thirteen patients with CNETs were identified. One had symptoms
      consistent with a functional tumor; the others were nonfunctional. Twelve were
      detected by CT; only three had peripheral hypervascularity. Nine were studied
      with preoperative EUS/immunocytology; each of these demonstrated strong staining
      for chromogranin and synaptophysin. All were resected: four by
      pancreaticoduodenectomy, one by total pancreatectomy, and one by enucleation.
      Perioperative morbidity occurred in 39%. Perioperative mortality was 0%. Average
      follow-up was 3.3 + 0.5 years. One patient had late hepatic recurrence and
      ultimately died of disease. Two developed recurrent NET in the context of MEN I
      and required additional surgery. Twelve are alive with no evidence of disease.
      CONCLUSIONS: EUS-guided immunocytology with staining for neuroendocrine markers
      is an accurate method to establish the diagnosis of CNET preoperatively. Short-
      and long-term outcomes after resection are excellent.

PMID- 18157721
TI  - Microbial production of ellagic acid and biodegradation of ellagitannins.
AB  - In the last years, tannin biodegradation has been the subject of a lot of studies
      due to its commercial importance and scientific relevance. Tannins are molecules
      of low biodegradation and represent the main chemical group of natural anti
      microbials occurring in the plants. Among the different kinds of tannins,
      ellagitannins represent the group less studied manly due to their diversity and
      chemical complexity. The general outline of this work includes information on
      tannins, their classification and properties, biodegradation, ellagic acid
      production, and potential applications. In addition, it describes molecular,
      catalytic, and functional information. Special attention has been focused on the
      biodegradation of ellagitannins describing the possible role of microbial enzymes
      in the production of ellagic acid.

PMID- 18157722
TI  - Conjoined lumbosacral nerve roots compromised by disk herniation: sagittal
      shoulder sign for the preoperative diagnosis.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the importance of the "sagittal
      shoulder sign" on magnetic resonance (MR) images for the diagnosis of conjoined
      lumbosacral nerve roots (CLNR) that are compromised by herniated disks. MATERIALS
      AND METHODS: Magnetic resonance images of 11 patients (6 men and 5 women; age
      range, 25-71 years; average age, 48.7 years) with surgically proven CLNR, which
      was compromised by herniated disks, were retrospectively evaluated by two
      musculoskeletal radiologists. MR images were evaluated for the presence or
      absence of the sagittal shoulder sign-a vertical structure connecting two
      consecutive nerve roots and overlying disk on the sagittal MR images. The
      radiologists noted the type of accompanying disk herniation and bony spinal canal
      changes, as well as other characteristic MR features of CLNR, the common passage
      of two consecutive nerve roots through the neural foramen on axial MR images.
      RESULTS: The sagittal shoulder sign was identified with a mean frequency of 90.9%
      by the two observers (in 10 of 11 patients). The common passage of two
      consecutive nerve roots through the neural foramen on axial MR images was
      identified with a mean frequency of 59.1% (in 7 and 6 out of 11 patients, by
      observers 1 and 2, respectively). Good interobserver agreement for the sagittal
      shoulder sign was present (k = 0.621, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Observation of the
      sagittal shoulder sign may prove helpful for diagnosing CLNR in patients with
      disk herniation. In particular, this sign appears to be useful when there is no
      evidence of CLNR on axial MR images.

PMID- 18157723
TI  - Acquired immune response to oncogenic human papillomavirus associated with
      prophylactic cervical cancer vaccines.
AB  - Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common infection among women and a necessary
      cause of cervical cancer. Oncogenic HPV types infecting the anogenital tract have
      the potential to induce natural immunity, but at present we do not clearly
      understand the natural history of infection in humans and the mechanisms by which
      the virus can evade the host immune response. Natural acquired immune responses
      against HPV may be involved in the clearance of infection, but persistent
      infection with oncogenic virus types leads to the development of precancerous
      lesions and cancer. B cell responses are important for viral neutralization, but
      antibody responses in patients with cervical cancer are poor. Prophylactic
      vaccines targeting oncogenic virus types associated with cervical cancer have the
      potential to prevent up to 80% of cervical cancers by targeting HPV types 16 and
      18. Clinical data show that prophylactic vaccines are effective in inducing
      antibody responses and in preventing persistent infection with HPV, as well as
      the subsequent development of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. This
      article reviews the known data regarding natural immune responses to HPV and
      those developed by prophylactic vaccination.

PMID- 18157724
TI  - Phase I/II study of treatment with matured dendritic cells with or without low
      dose IL-2 in patients with disseminated melanoma.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In the present study, we have examined whether treatment of patients
      with metastatic melanoma with matured dendritic cell (DC) vaccines with or
      without low dose IL-2 may improve treatment outcomes. METHODS: Sixteen patients
      received DC vaccines (DCs) sensitized with autologous melanoma lysates and 18
      patients received DCs sensitized with peptides from gp100, MART-1, tyrosinase,
      MAGE-3.A2, MAGE-A10 and NA17. IL-2 was given subcutaneously (sc) at 1 MU/m2 on
      the second day after each injection for 5-14 days in half of each group. DCs were
      given by intranodal injection. RESULTS: There were 2 partial responses (PR) and 3
      with stable disease (SD) in the nine patients receiving DCs + peptides + IL-2,
      and 1 PR and 1 SD in nine patients treated with DCs + peptides without IL-2.
      There were only two patients with SD in the group receiving DCs + autologous
      lysates and no IL-2. Median overall survival for all patients was very good at
      18.5 months but this was most probably due to selection of a favourable group of
      patients for the study. There was no significant difference in survival between
      the groups by log rank analysis. Treatment was not associated with significant
      side effects. The quality and yield of the DCs in the preparations were generally
      good. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that mature DC preparations may be superior to
      immature DC preparations for presentation of melanoma peptides and that IL-2 may
      increase clinical responses to the DCs plus peptides. However, in our view the
      low response rates do not justify the cost and complexity of this treatment
      approach.

PMID- 18157725
TI  - Effects of cooling and clothing on vertical trajectories of the upper arm and
      muscle functions during repetitive light work.
AB  - The present study was designed to find out if cooling and/or clothing affect the
      vertical trajectories and muscle function of the upper arm during repetitive
      light work. Twelve female subjects performed a one-handed lifting task for 60 min
      while standing in front of a table with six target angles (30 degrees to 220
      degrees ). The experiment was carried out in a climatic chamber in three
      different conditions: at 10 degrees C (C), at 25 degrees C (TN), and at 10
      degrees C dressed in cold-protective clothing (C(p)). Skin and rectal
      temperatures were measured continuously. The vertical trajectories of the head,
      shoulder, elbow, and wrist on the right side of the body were recorded. Muscular
      strain (averaged EMG, a-EMG) and EMG gaps in eight muscles on the right upper arm
      were measured. The variation of the vertical trajectory amplitude of the upper
      arm measured from the elbow was significantly higher (at 200 degrees ) both at C
      and C(p) (50 and 25% respectively) and in shoulder (at 220 degrees angle) at C
      (33%) compared with TN (P < 0.05). Both C and C(p) increased a-EMG and reduced
      the number and duration of EMG gaps significantly in all muscles studied. In
      conclusion, in repetitive tasks the high mean vertical trajectory and changes in
      the amplitude of the trajectory of the upper arm at C and C(p) compared with TN
      were associated with increased muscular strain and reduced number of EMG gaps
      (more continuous activation of given muscle fibers). The changes in trajectories
      may serve as indicator of a risk for local muscle fatigue.

PMID- 18157726
TI  - Sweat secretion from the torso during passively-induced and exercise-related
      hyperthermia.
AB  - Thermal sweating from the human torso accounts for about half of the whole-body
      sweat secretion, yet its intra-segmental distribution has not been thoroughly
      examined. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide a detailed
      description of the distribution of eccrine sweating within the torso during
      passively-induced (water-perfusion garment: 40 degrees C) and progressively
      increasing, exercise-related thermal strain (36 degrees C, 60% relative
      humidity). Sudomotor function was measured in ten males using ventilated sweat
      capsules (3.16 cm(2)) attached to twelve sites on the ventral (four), lateral
      (three) and dorsal (four) torso, and upper shoulder surfaces. Sweating increased
      asymptotically in all sites, with the final core temperature averaging 39.7
      degrees C (+/-0.1) and heart rates being 181 b min(-1) (+/-2). During exercise,
      the mean torso sweat rate averaged 1.35 mgcm(-2)min(-1), with sweating from the
      lateral torso surfaces generally being the lowest. Each of the between-site
      comparisons with the lateral torso differed significantly (P < 0.05), except for
      comparisons with the chest (P = 0.051) and shoulder (P > 0.05). The intra
      segmental differences between the lateral torso and the chest, abdomen, upper-
      and lower-back areas were significantly accentuated during exercise. From these
      data, it is evident that the torso is another region that does not have a uniform
      distribution of thermally-induced sweating. Thus, it is no longer acceptable for
      researchers, modellers, sweating manikins engineers or clothing manufacturers to
      assume that the sweat rates for all local sites within any body segment are
      equivalent.

PMID- 18157727
TI  - Recent progress in AFM molecular recognition studies.
AB  - During the past decade, remarkable advances have been made in using atomic force
      microscopy (AFM) for measuring the forces and the dynamics of the interaction
      between individual ligands and receptors, providing fundamental insights into
      molecular recognition processes. In addition, affinity imaging using either
      adhesion force mapping or dynamic recognition force mapping has offered a means
      to localize specific binding sites on model and cellular surfaces. These single
      molecule analyses provide novel insight into the structure-function relationships
      of molecular recognition systems. In this review, we describe the principles of
      molecular recognition studies using AFM and provide a flavor of recent progress
      made in the field.

PMID- 18157728
TI  - Muscarinic receptor expression and receptor-mediated detrusor contraction:
      comparison of juvenile and adult porcine tissue.
AB  - Urinary bladder function is known to mature during fetal and postnatal
      development, including changes in neurotransmitter regulation of detrusor
      contraction. However, only few experimental data are available about muscarinic
      receptor antagonist function in the urinary bladder from young animals. In the
      present study, we compare the muscarinic receptor-mediated contractions in
      juvenile and adult porcine detrusor and the effects of antimuscarinic compounds.
      Urinary bladders from young (8-12 weeks; 12- to 35-kg body weight) and mature
      pigs (>40 weeks; >100 kg) were compared. Muscarinic receptor expression was
      assessed by real time polymerase chain reaction and radioligand binding. Muscle
      contraction was measured with a force transducer; L-type Ca2+ currents (ICa,L) of
      isolated detrusor myocytes were recorded with standard voltage clamp technique.
      Juvenile and adult detrusor expressed similar quantities of the messenger RNA of
      M2 and M3 receptors. The number of [3H]QNB-binding sites and their affinity for
      the radioligand were also similar between juvenile and adult detrusor. In
      contrast, maximum contractile responses to the muscarinic receptor agonist
      carbachol were slightly larger in juvenile than adult bladders. On the other
      hand, carbachol was slightly less potent in juvenile than in adult tissue. The M3
      antagonist DAU 5884 and the spasmolytic drug propiverine inhibited contractile
      responses with comparable efficacies and potencies in juvenile and adult tissue.
      ICa,L was somewhat smaller in juvenile than in adult cells. Taken together, these
      data suggest that expression and function of M2 and M3 receptors are similar in
      the detrusor of juvenile and mature pigs. Therefore, similar responses to
      antimuscarinic compounds could be expected in young and adult patients.

PMID- 18157730
TI  - Molecular and cellular detection of expression of vitellogenin and zona radiata
      protein in liver and skin of juvenile salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to
      nonylphenol.
AB  - In developing bioassays for estrogenic effects, vitellogenin (Vtg) induction and
      zona radiata protein (Zr-protein) induction in males and juveniles of oviparous
      vertebrates have been used as sensitive biomarkers for estrogenicity. Nonylphenol
      (NP) produces similar and parallel expression patterns of Vtg and Zr-protein
      levels in plasma and surface mucus of salmon, the response being concentration-
      and time-dependent. We have explored the potential mechanisms of Vtg and Zr
      protein expression in surface mucus by comparative molecular and cellular
      approaches. Liver, skin, blood, and surface mucus samples were collected from
      fish exposed to a single waterborne concentration of NP (10 and 60 microg/l), 3,
      7, and 10 days post-exposure, for gene expression analysis (liver and skin;
      quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and protein analysis (blood and
      surface mucus; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Protein expression was
      localized by immunohistochemistry. NP produced concentration- and time-dependent
      increases of hepatic estrogen receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta), Vtg, and Zr-protein
      mRNA and plasma protein levels. These responses paralleled cellular detection of
      Vtg and Zr-protein in the liver with unique expression patterns in the cytoplasm
      of hepatocytes, hepatic sinusoids, and endothelial cells. ERalpha, Vtg, and Zr
      protein mRNA were detectable in the skin. ERbeta was the only skin response that
      was NP-concentration-dependent, especially at day 10 post-exposure.
      Immunohistochemistry for Vtg and Zr-protein in skin showed unique expression
      patterns in mucus vacuoles, epidermal cells, and scales in an NP-concentration-
      and time-specific manner. Thus, analysis of skin mRNA levels for xenoestrogen
      biomarker responses is a less-promising approach than protein analysis. The
      immunohistochemical localization of Vtg and Zr-protein levels in the skin further
      validates surface mucus as a sensitive biomarker source for estrogenic compounds.
      These responses represent an improvement for the detection of endocrine
      disrupting compounds and related pollutants in the environment.

PMID- 18157729
TI  - Expression of aromatase and estrogen receptors in human adrenocortical tumors.
AB  - We recently demonstrated that adrenocortical carcinoma cells express aromatase
      and estrogen receptors (ERs) and that 17beta-estradiol enhances adrenocortical
      cell proliferation. To provide a clue to the role of estrogens in adrenal
      tumorigenesis, we investigated the expression profile of genes involved in sex
      steroid hormone production and activity in a large series of normal and
      neoplastic human adrenocortical tissues. Quantitative reverse transcriptase
      polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry showed that
      ERalpha and ERbeta, androgen receptor (AR), and aromatase were expressed in the
      adrenal cortex and in adrenocortical tumors. ERbeta was the predominant ER
      subtype and was mainly expressed in the zona glomerulosa and fasciculata. Western
      blot analysis revealed the presence of a truncated form of AR in adrenocortical
      tissues. With respect to the normal adrenal cortex and adrenocortical adenomas,
      carcinomas were characterized by significantly lower ERbeta levels, ERalpha
      upregulation, and aromatase overexpression. ER expression correlated with
      expression of nuclear hormone receptors, suggesting they could be involved in ER
      modulation. In agreement with our in vitro findings, the results of this study
      suggest that estrogens, locally produced by aromatase, could enhance
      adrenocortical cell proliferation though autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. This
      study opens new perspectives on the potential use of antiestrogens and aromatase
      inhibitors as therapeutic agents against ACC.

PMID- 18157732
TI  - The burden of rheumatoid arthritis and access to treatment: health burden and
      costs.
AB  - As part of the study "The burden of rheumatoid arthritis and patient access to
      treatment", this paper reviews evidence on the health burden of rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) in terms of morbidity (DALYs), mortality (% of deaths attributable
      to RA) and quality of life (utility and loss of QALYs), as well as the economic
      impact on society. Based on available literature on the prevalence and the cost
      of RA, combined with economic indicators, the annual cost per patient as well as
      the total national cost is estimated for Europe and North America (Canada and the
      United States), as well as Australia, Turkey, the Russian Federation and South
      Africa. Total costs to society were estimated at <euro>45.3 billion in Europe and
      at <euro>41.6 billion in the United States. Utility scores were found to be
      amongst the lowest compared to other diseases.

PMID- 18157731
TI  - Characterisation of cisplatin coordination sites in cellular Escherichia coli DNA
      binding proteins by combined biphasic liquid chromatography and ESI tandem mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - Combined multidimensional liquid chromatography and electrospray ionisation
      tandem mass spectrometry was employed to analyse platinated tryptic peptides from
      Escherichia coli cells treated with the anticancer drug cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2] at pH
      7.0. Prerequisites for the LC/LC/MS/MS analysis of protein targets that are
      fulfilled by cisplatin are (a) that the original protein binding sites have a
      high kinetic stability over the range 2.3 < pH < 8.5, and (b) that the metal
      fragment remains coordinated to a significant number of b+ and y+ peptide ions
      under MS/MS fragmentation conditions. Matching the MS/MS spectra of the
      platinated tryptic peptides to sequences of proteins in the E. coli database
      enabled the identification of 31 protein targets for cisplatin. Whereas six of
      these are high-abundance enzymes and ribosomal proteins in E. coli cells, five
      low-abundance DNA-binding proteins were also identified as specific targets.
      These include the DNA mismatch repair protein mutS, the DNA helicase II (uvrD)
      and topoisomerase I (top1). Two efflux proteins (acrD, mdtA), the redox regulator
      thioredoxin 1 (thiO) and the external filament-like type-1 fimbrial protein A
      chain (fimA1) were also characterised as specific cisplatin-binding proteins.
      Kinetically favoured carboxylate (D, E) and hydroxy (S, T, Y) O atoms were
      identified as the Pt coordination sites in 18 proteins and methionyl S atoms in 9
      proteins.

PMID- 18157733
TI  - The burden of rheumatoid arthritis and access to treatment: a medical overview.
AB  - As part of the investigation into the burden of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the
      access to treatment, this article reviews the medical aspects of the disease. RA
      is mediated by a variety of pathogenic events which culminate in the activation
      of B-cells, T-cells and other cell populations and lead to secretion of
      proinflammatory cytokines. These events result in signs and symptoms of active
      disease, such as pain and swelling, joint damage and disability, the three
      cornerstones of the clinical expression of RA. Active disease leads to joint
      damage and both to disability, whereby joint destruction is associated with the
      irreversible portion of disability. The diagnosis of RA is based on
      characteristic clinical and laboratory features, however, these may not be
      obvious in early disease. Therapy aims at interfering with disease activity,
      ideally leading to remission, as well as at retarding, ideally holding or even
      healing, joint destruction. This can be achieved by using disease modifying
      anirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Among the chemical DMARDs, methotrexate is the
      anchor drug, although there exist many more such agents. Among the biological
      compounds, TNF-inhibitors have been in use for more than one decade, and co
      stimulation blockade and B-cell targeted therapy have been recent additions to
      the armamentarium. Therapeutic outcome can be predicted by clinical means.

PMID- 18157735
TI  - N-demethylation of neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid by bacterium
      Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CGMCC 1.1788.
AB  - Our previous study found that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CGMCC 1.1788 could
      hydroxylate imidacloprid (IMI) to 5-hydroxy IMI. Here we first report that S.
      maltophilia CGMCC 1.1788 can demethylate acetamiprid (AAP) to form IM 2-1 that
      was characterized by HPLC-MS/MS and NMR. IM 2-1 retained only 10.5% contact
      activity and 13.1% oral activity of AAP against horsebean aphid. Time course of
      biotransformation under existing of sucrose revealed that 58.9% of AAP
      disappeared, but only 16.7% of reduced AAP was transformed to IM 2-1, after 8
      days. Both demethylation and degradation of AAP contribute to the weak
      bioefficacy of AAP in soil application. The differences in metabolism and
      detoxification pathways between AAP and IMI are probably originated from the
      structural differences of these insecticides.

PMID- 18157736
TI  - Defining temporal spatial patterns of mega city Istanbul to see the impacts of
      increasing population.
AB  - Rapid land use change has taken place over the last few decades in Istanbul. As
      most of the metropolitan areas, Istanbul faces increasing problems connected to
      increasing population and urbanisation. In this study, temporal changes of
      Istanbul's land use/cover were defined using remotely sensed data and post
      classification change detection method. For the aim of the study, relevant
      information was derived from different dated Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)
      satellite data by using Unsupervised Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis
      Technique (ISODATA) and results were examined with matrix analysis method. Ground
      truth data were used for the classification and accuracy assessment of the
      classification. Temporal changes of land use/cover classes of the mega city
      Istanbul between the years of 1992, 1997 and 2005 were examined for the
      management and decision making process. Landsat TM images were classified into
      six land use/cover types: forest-green area, bare land, water surface, road,
      urban area, and mining area. The results show that urban areas and road
      categories are increased greatly by 13,630 and 5,018ha, respectively, but forest
      green areas decreased by 77,722ha over 13years between 1992 and 2005. The reason
      for the decrease in green areas is mainly because of development of unplanned
      urbanization and unavoidable migration.

PMID- 18157737
TI  - pH fluorescent probes: chlorinated fluoresceins.
AB  - A series of regiospecific chlorinated fluoresceins have been synthesized by the
      reaction of the regiospecific chlorinated resorcinols with chlorinated phthalic
      anhydride. The regioisomers were successfully separated by chromatography. The
      photophysical properties of the obtained chlorinated fluoresceins were examined
      and found their absorption and emission maxima at long wavelength with high
      fluorescence quantum yield. Especially, pH-dependent properties of chlorinated
      fluoresceins have been studied in detail. These compounds show strongly pH
      sensitive range of 3.5-7.0, and have lower pK (a) values than fluorescein.
      Furthermore, their fluorescent intensity could reach the maximum in the
      physiological environment of pH range 6.8-7.4. Due to higher fluorescence quantum
      yield and lower pK (a) values, chlorinated fluoresceins will be expected to be
      used as excellent pH fluorescent probes for pH measurement of the acidic cell.

PMID- 18157739
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the tripartite Fragaria chiloensis cryptic virus and
      presence of the virus in the Americas.
AB  - The plant used in the characterization of Fragaria chiloensis latent virus
      (FClLV) contained double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) bands that did not correspond in
      size to the genomic or subgenomic RNAs of known strawberry viruses. Using shotgun
      cloning, sequences of a cryptic virus, named Fragaria chiloensis cryptic virus
      (FCCV), were obtained. This communication presents the complete genome sequence
      of FCCV. The genome of FCCV consists of three monocistronic RNAs, an unusual
      feature for cryptic viruses that are normally bipartite. The largest molecule
      encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while the other two encode closely
      related proteins predicted to be the coat proteins of the virus. Phylogenetic
      analysis showed that FCCV is related most closely to members of the fungi
      infecting Partitivirus genus rather than members of the plant-infecting
      Alphacryptovirus, providing a possible insight into the evolution of cryptic
      viruses. More than 300 strawberry plants from North and South America were tested
      for FCCV, and the virus was only detected in plants from South America.

PMID- 18157738
TI  - Anion sensing with luminescent quantum dots--a modular approach based on the
      Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) mechanism.
AB  - A CdSe-ZnS quantum dot (QD) has been surface functionalised with 1-(2-mercapto
      ethyl)-3-phenyl-thiourea in the fluorophore-spacer-receptor format typical of
      Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) based organic dye sensors. The resulting QD
      conjugate was tested for selectivity toward the tetrabutylammonium salts of
      fluoride, chloride, bromide, hydrogen sulfate and acetate. Addition of fluoride,
      chloride and acetate ions resulted in an approximate 90% quenching of the
      original fluorescence intensity, while bromide and hydrogen sulfate had almost no
      effect. The observed quench was attributed to an increase in the reduction
      potential of the receptor upon anion binding resulting in an increase in PET from
      the excited QD to the receptor and a concomitant reduction in fluorescence
      intensity. The selectivity and sensitivity were comparable to an analogous
      organic dye based sensor where a similar receptor was bound to an anthracene
      fluorophore. Thus a modular approach is evident where a receptor used in an
      organic dye based sensor can be adapted and successfully used with QD's.

PMID- 18157740
TI  - Sexual orientation and fluctuating asymmetry in men and women.
AB  - Previous research suggests that individuals' sexual orientation may be affected
      by developmental instability (DI) induced by exposure to prenatal stresses. We
      tested this relationship using fluctuating asymmetry (FA), the small random
      deviations from symmetry that arise in otherwise bilaterally symmetrical traits
      as a consequence of developmental noise and developmental instability.
      Differences among individuals reflect variation in their exposure to and ability
      to accommodate for stresses experienced during development as well as to
      developmental noise that arises due to cellular stocasticity. FA measurements for
      156 heterosexual and 132 homosexual men and women participants provided strong
      support for the developmental instability hypothesis: FA was significantly higher
      in both male and female homosexuals (men: four of seven bilateral traits and
      composite FA values (cFA); women: five of seven bilateral traits and composite FA
      values). Although finger-length ratios (FLRs), an indirect marker for prenatal
      hormones, were sex-atypical (e.g., feminized) for homosexual men, we failed to
      detect any relationship between FA levels and 2D:4D finger-length ratios (FLRs).
      Hence, although elevated levels of developmental stress appear to be linked to
      shifts in sexual orientation, the underlying mechanism does not seem to be
      connected to sex-atypical prenatal hormones. Additional analyses with sex
      atypical individuals are needed to confirm this.

PMID- 18157741
TI  - Prevalence rates of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a school sample
      of Venezuelan children.
AB  - A total of 1,535 4-12 year-old children were screened with the Conners' rating
      scales, followed by diagnostic confirmation by the diagnostic interview schedule
      for children-IV-parent version. The prevalence of ADHD was estimated to be
      10.03%, and only 3.9% of children had received medication for the treatment of
      ADHD symptoms. Prevalence rates and demographic profile of Venezuelan children
      with ADHD are very similar to those found in samples from other countries.
      Authorities need to develop public health policies to correctly identify and
      treat affected subjects. Furthermore, clinicians must actively search for
      children with ADHD in order to provide the best-available treatment.

PMID- 18157742
TI  - Involvement of CD45 in DNA fragmentation in apoptosis induced by mitochondrial
      perturbing agents.
AB  - CD45 is a type I transmembrane molecule with phosphatase activity which comprises
      up to 10% of the cell surface area in nucleated haematopoietic cells. We have
      previously demonstrated the absence of nuclear apoptosis in CD45-negative T cells
      after chemical-induced apoptosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the
      role of CD45 in nuclear apoptosis. In contrast to wild type CD45-positive T
      cells, the CD45-deficient T cell lines are resistant to the induction of DNA
      fragmentation and chromatin condensation following tributyltin (TBT) or H2O2
      exposure, but not to cycloheximide-induced apoptosis. CD45 transfection in
      deficient cell lines led to the restoration of chromatin condensation and DNA
      fragmentation following TBT exposure. In both CD45-positive and negative T cell
      lines, TBT exposure mediates intracellular calcium mobilization, caspase-3
      activation and DFF45 cleavage. Moreover, DNA fragmentation was also induced by
      TBT in cells deficient in expression of p56lck, ZAP-70 and SHP-1. Subcellular
      partitioning showed a decrease in nuclear localisation of caspase-3 and DFF40.
      Together, these results demonstrate for the first time, that CD45 expression
      plays a key role in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation
      processes during apoptosis. CD45 activity or its substrates' activity, appears to
      be located downstream of caspase-3 activation and plays a role in retention of
      DFF40 in the nucleus.

PMID- 18157743
TI  - Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Zingiberaceae plants in Taiwan.
AB  - The rhizomes of the Zingiberaceae family are a vegetable widely used in many
      Asian countries, and their medicinal functions have been broadly discussed and
      accepted in many traditional recipes. In this study, 18 species of five genus of
      Zingiberaceae plants from Taiwan area were collected and analyzed for their
      functional properties. Methanolic extracts of the plants were analyzed for their
      total phenol compounds, alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
      scavenging activity, and reducing power. Antimicrobial activity of these samples
      was also determined. The results showed that the total phenol compounds of the
      Alpinia genus averaged 17, 30 mg/g for Curcumas, and the highest, 36.5 mg/g for
      Vanoverberghia sasakiana. Antioxidant performances were best observed in
      Vanoverberghia and Hedychium, both 89%, and DPPH scavenging activity followed
      similar trends. Particularly, Zingiber oligophyllum, considered as a traditional
      medicinal plant used in Taiwan exhibited low DPPH scavenging activity and
      reducing power. Most Zingiberaceae plant extracts exhibited antimicrobial
      activity against all tested food microorganisms. Hedychium and Vanoverberghia,
      did not show antimicrobial activities on Escherichia coli and Vibrio
      parahaemolyticus. This study is a positive demonstration of the utility of
      screening Taiwan's endemic Zingiberaceous plants for their food and medicinal
      uses.

PMID- 18157744
TI  - Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in fibro-lamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: a case
      report.

PMID- 18157763
TI  - [Methylphenidate of retard forms in children and adolescents with ADHD - an
      overview].
AB  - As yet, stimulants remain the preferred means of treating attention
      deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pharmacologically. They are indicated when
      measures based on behavioural therapy or psychoeducation alone are not
      sufficient. How-ever, the period of effectiveness of immediate release stimulants
      is often not satisfactory. A variety of retarded forms of methylphenidate have
      now been developed and approved for the German market. This paper presents an
      overview of clinical studies on effectiveness, period of effectiveness and the
      profile of side effects of different forms stimulants available in Germany. In
      clinical practice, the new retard products represent effective alternatives.
      There is an advantage in administering this drug in a once-daily single dose. At
      the same time, the side effects that are caused by an extended period of
      effectiveness have to be studied in detail. A more precise adaptation to the
      daily obligations and needs of children and adolescents is needed. Possibly, a
      combination with unretareded MPH might lead to a better effect/side-effect
      profile.

PMID- 18157764
TI  - Cellulitis with compartment syndrome as a complication of varicella zoster
      infection.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Varicella zoster infection (chickenpox) is a common and usually
      benign self limiting disease of childhood in non-vaccinated populations. Although
      varicella usually goes along with mild to moderate illness in immunocompetent
      patients, serious complications can arise. Varicella is highly infectious, with
      attack rates in susceptible individuals ranging from 61% to 100%. PATIENT: This
      case describes a rare but life threatening complication of varicella zoster
      infection in a child. CONCLUSIONS: High morbidity in non-vaccinated populations
      that led to rare cases of severe complications became a significant health burden
      all over the world. This aspect must be considered in the discussion about the
      importance and benefit of a population wide varicella vaccination programme as it
      was added to the childhood immunization schedule in Germany in 2004. The case
      described here might have been avoided by vaccination.

PMID- 18157766
TI  - [It unites, what belongs together...].

PMID- 18157765
TI  - [MEDLINE listing and impact factor].

PMID- 18157767
TI  - [Medicine and economics, orthopedics and trauma surgery--differences and
      commonalities].

PMID- 18157768
TI  - [On rich orthopedists...].

PMID- 18157769
TI  - [Significance of digital photography for expert assessment].

PMID- 18157770
TI  - [The spine with the cross].

PMID- 18157792
TI  - The counsellees' view of an unclassified variant in BRCA1/2: recall,
      interpretation, and impact on life.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Unclassified variants (UVs, variants of uncertain clinical
      significance) are found in 13% of all BRCA1/2 mutation analyses. Little is known
      about the counsellees' recall and interpretation of a UV, and its
      psychosocial/medical impact. METHOD: Retrospective semi-structured interviews
      with open questions and five-point Likert scales were carried out in 24
      counsellees who received a UV result 3 years before (sd=1.9). RESULTS: Sixty
      seven percent (16/24) recalled the UV result as a non-informative DNA result; 29%
      recalled a pathogenic result. However, 79% of all counsellees interpreted the UV
      result as a genetic predisposition for cancer. Variations in recall and
      interpretation were unexplained by demographics, cancer history of themselves and
      relatives, and communication aspects of UV disclosure. Sixty-seven percent
      perceived genetic counselling as completed, whereas 71% expected to receive new
      DNA information. Although most counsellees reported that UV disclosure had
      changed their lives in general little, one in three counsellees reported large
      changes in specific life domains, especially in surveillance behavior and medical
      decisions. Ten out of 19 participants who interpreted the UV as pathogenic had
      undergone preventive surgery against none of the 5 counsellees who interpreted
      the UV as non-informative. CONCLUSION: Counsellors and researchers need to
      address discrepancies between the counsellees' factual recall and their
      subjective interpretation of non-informative BRCA1/2-test results.

PMID- 18157793
TI  - C-peptide constricts pancreatic islet arterioles in diabetic, but not
      normoglycaemic mice.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Pancreatic islet blood flow is regulated separately from that of the
      exocrine pancreas, and a consistent finding during impaired glucose tolerance is
      an increased blood perfusion. The aim of the present study was to investigate
      whether C-peptide affects pancreatic islet arterioles in normal and diabetic
      mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Control and diabetic C57-Bl mice were studied after
      2 weeks of alloxan-induced diabetes. Islet arterioles were dissected and
      microperfused with Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) solution. The effect
      of luminal application of mouse C-peptide was investigated. RESULTS: C-peptide
      reduced the diameter of islet arterioles from diabetic mice (-10+/-4%, P<0.05)
      compared to base-line values, whilst arterioles from normoglycaemic animals did
      not respond to C-peptide (P=0.2). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a role for C
      peptide in the regulation of islet blood flow, especially during conditions with
      impaired glucose tolerance.

PMID- 18157794
TI  - Determinants of public satisfaction with the National Health Insurance in South
      Korea.
AB  - To explore the determinants of public satisfaction with the National Health
      Insurance, this study re-analyzed the 2004 public satisfaction survey with the
      Korean National Health Insurance (KNHI) conducted by Korean National Health
      Insurance Corporation (KNHIC). One thousand samples were selected with
      probability proportional to population size (by region/sex/age). The data
      collected by home-visit interview were transformed into the final data set by
      matching them to the insured's benefit database and the qualification database.
      The results showed that metropolitan residence, insured type, relationship
      between respondent and householder, subjective health status, benefit-cost ratio,
      and attitudes toward KNHI were direct determinants of satisfaction with KNHI. In
      addition, various demographic and socioeconomic variables and the health status
      of the respondent's family indirectly influenced satisfaction with KNHI. Among
      these variables, the attitude toward KNHI was the most vital factor to determine
      public satisfaction. The study results show that equity in monthly contributions
      and an enhanced quantity and quality of medical services are required to improve
      public satisfaction with KNHI. Furthermore, it is important to improve the public
      perception of social values and solidarity for increased public satisfaction with
      KNHI.

PMID- 18157795
TI  - Aberrant right subclavian artery at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation in
      chromosomally normal and abnormal fetuses.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To establish the feasibility of examining the subclavian artery at 11
      + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation, and to determine the prevalence of aberrant
      right subclavian artery (ARSA) in chromosomally normal and chromosomally abnormal
      fetuses. METHODS: Fetal echocardiography was performed prospectively in 516
      patients before chorionic villus sampling at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation.
      Transabdominal sonography was carried out, and color flow mapping was used to
      identify the right subclavian artery and determine whether this was normal or
      aberrant (ARSA). Second-trimester fetal echocardiography was also carried out in
      a subgroup of 183 fetuses. RESULTS: The median gestational age was 12 weeks and
      the median crown-rump length was 68 mm. Successful assessment of the right
      subclavian artery was achieved in 425/516 (82.4%) cases and the rate of failure
      to do so was significantly associated with decreasing fetal crown-rump length (r
      = 0.174, P < 0.001) and increasing maternal body mass index (r = 0.275, P <
      0.001). An ARSA was observed in 2/353 (0.6%) fetuses with a normal karyotype, in
      4/51 (7.8%) cases with trisomy 21 and in 2/20 (10.0%) with other chromosomal
      defects. In a subgroup of 183 fetuses examined in both the first and second
      trimester there were three cases of ARSA observed at both scans and an additional
      case in which ARSA was detected only at the second scan. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment
      of the position of the right subclavian artery is feasible at the 11 + 0 to 13 +
      6-week scan and ARSA is more common in chromosomally abnormal than normal
      fetuses. However, ARSA in the first trimester is unlikely to be a useful marker
      of trisomy 21.

PMID- 18157796
TI  - Doppler assessment of the aortic isthmus and perinatal outcome in preterm fetuses
      with severe intrauterine growth restriction.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the characteristics and association with perinatal
      outcome of the aortic isthmus (AoI) circulation as assessed by Doppler imaging in
      preterm growth-restricted fetuses with placental insufficiency. METHODS: This was
      a prospective cross-sectional study. Fifty-one fetuses with intrauterine growth
      restriction (IUGR) and either an umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility index (PI) >
      95(th) centile or a cerebroplacental ratio < 5(th) centile were examined at 24-36
      weeks' gestation. AoI impedance indices (PI and resistance index) and absolute
      velocities (peak systolic (PSV), end-diastolic and time-averaged maximum (TAMXV)
      velocities), were measured in all cases and compared with reference ranges by
      gestational age. Furthermore, fetuses were stratified into two groups according
      to the direction of the diastolic blood flow in the AoI: those with antegrade
      flow (n = 41) and those with retrograde flow (n = 10). Clinical surveillance was
      based on gestational age and Doppler assessment of the UA, middle cerebral artery
      and ductus venosus (DV). Adverse perinatal outcome was defined as stillbirth,
      neonatal death and severe morbidity (respiratory distress syndrome,
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Grade III/IV intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing
      enterocolitis and a neonatal intensive care unit stay > 14 days). RESULTS:
      Adverse perinatal outcome was significantly associated with an increased AoI-PI
      (area under the curve 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.92; P < 0.005). A significant
      correlation (P < 0.001) was found between retrograde blood flow in the AoI and
      adverse perinatal outcome, the overall perinatal mortality being higher in the
      retrograde group (70% vs. 4.8%, P < 0.001). In 4/5 (80%) fetuses the reversal of
      flow in the AoI preceded that in the DV by 24-48 h. AoI-PSV and AoI-TAMXV were <
      5(th) centile in 40/51 (78%) and 48/51 (94%) cases, respectively, whereas AoI-PI
      was > 95(th) centile in 21/51 (41%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: Retrograde flow in the
      AoI in growth-restricted fetuses correlates strongly with adverse perinatal
      outcome. Absolute velocities in the AoI are decreased in growth-restricted
      fetuses. The data suggest a potential role for Doppler imaging of the AoI in the
      clinical surveillance of fetuses with severe IUGR, which should be confirmed in
      larger prospective studies.

PMID- 18157798
TI  - The determination of 17O NMR parameters of hydroxyl oxygen: a combined
      deuteration and DOR approach.
AB  - The direct detection of hydroxyl oxygen (O-H) by (17)O double-rotation (DOR) NMR
      is very challenging because of the strong O-H dipole interaction. It is shown
      that deuteration of the hydroxyl site overcomes this using glycine.HCl as an
      illustration. Two well-separated sets of narrow (linewidth approximately 80-100
      Hz) resonances with their spinning-sidebands are observed for the carboxyl and
      hydroxyl oxygens in the DOR spectrum of [(17)O,(2)H]glycine.HCl. The chemical
      shift anisotropy of these sites is obtained from a simulation of the DOR spinning
      sideband intensities. The chemical shift span (Omega) for the carboxyl oxygen is
      found to be much larger than that of the hydroxyl oxygen, with Omega values of
      540 +/- 15 and 210 +/- 10 ppm, respectively.

PMID- 18157797
TI  - Maternal cardiovascular function in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine
      growth restriction.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate maternal cardiovascular function in pregnancies
      complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). METHODS: Maternal
      echocardiography and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were performed in
      pregnancies complicated by IUGR (n = 12) and controls (n = 12), all of whom were
      normotensive at enrollment. RESULTS: Compared to controls, maternal blood
      pressure (P = 0.016) and total vascular resistance (P = 0.008) were higher in
      IUGR pregnancies. Heart rate was lower (P = 0.003), as was systolic function
      expressed by midwall fractional shortening (P = 0.04). No significant differences
      between the two groups were observed for left atrial or left ventricular
      dimensions, nor for left ventricular geometry. Assessment of diastolic function
      by means of transmitral Doppler flow measurements revealed a significantly longer
      isovolumetric relaxation time in pregnancies with IUGR (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS:
      In normotensive pregnancies complicated by IUGR, as compared to controls, there
      is decreased diastolic and systolic maternal cardiac function, and a higher blood
      pressure.

PMID- 18157799
TI  - Modular design of receiver coil arrays.
AB  - We describe a modular and hence flexible system for connecting MR surface coils
      to create a receiver array. Up to 16 individual coils of different size and shape
      depending on the application are plugged into a connector box that houses the
      control electronics. Preamplification, matching and detuning circuitry are housed
      on a circuit board directly attached to each coil loop. Electrical adjustments
      for tuning or decoupling for each coil configuration are not needed thanks to
      effective preamplifier decoupling provided through a Pi matching network. Radio
      frequency safety and electrically stable cabling are ensured by multiple radio
      frequency traps. Array modules for 1.5 and 3 T have been simulated, constructed,
      tested, and used for imaging experiments.

PMID- 18157800
TI  - Whatever happened to bird flu?

PMID- 18157802
TI  - Dipolar recoupling of I = 1/2, S = 3/2 spin pairs with SEDOR for static and
      spinning samples.
AB  - Spin-echo, double-resonance (SEDOR) dipolar recoupling experiments are
      illustrated on an I = 1/2, S = 3/2 spin system for static and spinning samples.
      An (15)N-(23)Na spin system is used to show that the simple pulse sequence is
      very effective in causing (15)N dipolar dephasing using either a (23)Na pi/2
      recoupling pulse or a long radio-frequency (r.f.) recoupling pulse.

PMID- 18157803
TI  - Dipolar double-quantum filtered rotational-echo double resonance.
AB  - The homonuclear dipolar coupling of a directly bonded (13)C-(13)C pair has been
      used to create a dipolar double-quantum filter (D-DQF) to remove the natural
      abundance (13)C background in (13)C[(2)H] rotational-echo double-resonance
      (REDOR) experiments. The most efficient version of this experiment has the D-DQF
      excitation and reconversion preceding the REDOR evolution period. Calculated and
      observed (13)C[(2)H]D-DQF-REDOR dephasings were in agreement for a test sample of
      mixed recrystallized labeled alanines.

PMID- 18157804
TI  - 15N solid-NMR and X-ray diffraction studies of N-confused porphyrins.
AB  - Using (15)N high-resolution solid-state NMR and X-ray diffraction, the structure
      of N-confused porphyrin (NCP) in the solid state was studied. A 1D (15)N magic
      angle spinning (MAS) experiment and a 2D dipolar assisted rotational resonance
      (DARR) (15)N-(15)N spin exchange experiment of N-confused tetratolylporphyrin
      (Tol) crystallized from CH(2)Cl(2)/hexane indicate that Tol is the inner 3H-type
      tautomer and has two magnetically different molecules in the unit cell. Further,
      a FSLG-2 & 4macr; 2 (1)H-(15)N dipolar recoupling NMR measurement indicates no
      fast ring flipping motion which is consistent with the planar structure in the X
      ray analysis. The planarity of Tol is ascribed to crystal packing enforced by pi
      pi stacking and CH-pi interactions.

PMID- 18157805
TI  - Quantitative measurement of differential 15N-H(alpha/beta)T2 relaxation rates in
      a perdeuterated protein by MAS solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - Dynamic parameters become more and more accessible in the study of uniformly
      isotopically enriched proteins by MAS solid-state NMR. We demonstrate that T(2)
      related relaxation properties can quantitatively be determined in a sample of a
      perdeuterated microcrystalline protein by the measurement of (15)N,(1)H dipole,
      (15)N CSA cross-correlated relaxation rates. We find that the measured cross
      correlated relaxation rates are independent of the MAS rotation frequency, and
      therefore reflect local dynamic fluctuations of the protein structure.

PMID- 18157806
TI  - Solid-state NMR studies of hydrogen bonding networks and proton transport
      pathways based on anion and cation dynamics.
AB  - Proton dynamics in polymer electrolyte membranes are multifaceted processes, and
      the relative contributions of various mechanisms can be difficult to distinguish.
      Judicious choices of model systems can aid in understanding the critical steps.
      In this study, we characterize anion dynamics in a series of benzimidazole-alkyl
      phosphonate salts, and compare those dynamics to a membrane prototype, built on a
      decane backbone. The series of salts are characterized, using high resolution
      (1)H solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, DQ MAS NMR, and (31)P centreband
      only detection of exchange (CODEX) NMR spectroscopy, to determine the influence
      of the nature of the alkyl group on the rates and geometries of anion dynamics,
      and overall proton exchange processes. The alkyl group is shown to slow the
      correlation times for anion reorientation, when compared at ambient temperature.
      However, it is also apparent that the lowered lattice energy of the salt lowers
      the activation energy and allows good dynamics at intermediate temperatures in
      both the benzimidazolium ethylphosphonate and in the HBr adduct of 1,10-(1-H
      imidazol-5-yl)decanephosphonic acid (Imi-d-Pa).

PMID- 18157807
TI  - Long-range 19F-15N distance measurements in highly-13C, 15N-enriched solid
      proteins with 19F-dephased REDOR shift (FRESH) spectroscopy.
AB  - We present a novel rotational-echo double resonance (REDOR) method for detection
      of multiple (19)F-(15)N distances in solid proteins. The method is applicable to
      protein samples containing a single (19)F label, in addition to high levels of
      (13)C and (15)N enrichment. REDOR dephasing pulses are applied on the (19)F
      channel during an indirect constant time chemical shift evolution period on
      (15)N, and polarization is then transferred to (13)C for detection, with high
      power (1)H decoupling throughout the sequence. This four-channel experiment
      reports site-specifically on (19)F-(15)N distances, with highly accurate
      determinations of approximately 5 A distances and detection of correlations
      arising from internuclear distances of at least 8 A. We demonstrate the method on
      the well-characterized 56-residue model protein GB1, where the sole tryptophan
      residue (Trp-43) has been labeled with 5-(19)F-Trp, in a bacterial growth medium
      also including (13)C-glucose and (15)N ammonium chloride. In GB1, 11 distances
      are determined, all agreeing within 20% of the X-ray structure distances. We
      envision the experiment will be utilized to measure quantitative long-range
      distances for protein structure determination.

PMID- 18157808
TI  - Tailoring 13C labeling for triple-resonance solid-state NMR experiments on
      aligned samples of proteins.
AB  - In order to develop triple-resonance solid-state NMR spectroscopy of membrane
      proteins, we have implemented several different (13)C labeling schemes with the
      purpose of overcoming the interfering effects of (13)C-(13)C dipole-dipole
      couplings in stationary samples. The membrane-bound form of the major coat
      protein of the filamentous bacteriophage Pf1 was used as an example of a well
      characterized helical membrane protein. Aligned protein samples randomly enriched
      to 35% (13)C in all sites and metabolically labeled from bacterial growth on
      media containing [2-(13)C]-glycerol or [1,3-(13)C]-glycerol enables direct (13)C
      detection in solid-state NMR experiments without the need for homonuclear (13)C
      (13)C dipole-dipole decoupling. The (13)C-detected NMR spectra of Pf1 coat
      protein show a substantial increase in sensitivity compared to the equivalent
      (15)N-detected spectra. The isotopic labeling pattern was analyzed for [2-(13)C]
      glycerol and [1,3-(13)C]-glycerol as metabolic precursors by solution-state NMR
      of micelle samples. Polarization inversion spin exchange at the magic angle
      (PISEMA) and other solid-state NMR experiments work well on 35% random
      fractionally and metabolically tailored (13)C-labeled samples, in contrast to
      their failure with conventional 100% uniformly (13)C-labeled samples.

PMID- 18157809
TI  - Conformational constraints in solid-state NMR of uniformly labeled polypeptides
      from double single-quantum-filtered rotational echo double resonance.
AB  - A solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique is described for
      obtaining constraints on the backbone conformation of a protein or peptide that
      is prepared with uniform (15)N,(13)C labeling of consecutive pairs of amino acids
      or of longer segments. The technique, called double single-quantum-filtered
      rotational echo double resonance (DSQ-REDOR), uses frequency-selective REDOR to
      prepare DSQ coherences involving directly bonded backbone (13)CO and (15)NH
      sites, to dephase these coherences under longer-range (15)NH-(13)CO dipole-dipole
      couplings in a conformationally dependent manner, and to convert the remaining
      DSQ coherences to detectable transverse (13)C-spin polarization. The efficacy of
      DSQ-REDOR is demonstrated in experiments on two isotopically labeled samples, the
      helical peptide MB(i + 4)EK and the amyloid-forming peptide Abeta(11-25).

PMID- 18157810
TI  - On the orientational dependence of resolution in 1H solid-state NMR, and its role
      in MAS, CRAMPS and delayed-acquisition experiments.
AB  - Numerical simulations and experiments are used to show that the spin dynamics of
      the dipolar-coupled networks in solids is often strongly dependent on crystallite
      orientation. In particular, different rates of dephasing of the magnetisation
      mean that NMR signals obtained at longer dephasing times are dominated by
      orientations in which the local dipolar coupling strength is relatively weak.
      This often leads to a distinct improvement in spectral resolution as the
      dephasing time is increased. The effects are particularly noticeable under magic
      angle spinning (MAS), but are also observed when homonuclear decoupling is used
      to reduce the rate of dipolar dephasing. Numerical simulation is seen to be a
      powerful and easily used tool for understanding the behaviour of solid-state NMR
      experiments involving dipolar-coupled networks. The implications for solid-state
      NMR spectra of abundant spins acquired under MAS and homonuclear decoupling are
      discussed, as well as insights provided into the performance of 'delayed
      acquisition' and 'constant-time' experiments.

PMID- 18157811
TI  - Magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy of thioredoxin reassemblies.
AB  - Differentially isotopically enriched 1-73((13)C,(15)N)/74-108((15)N) and 1
      73((15)N)/74-108((13)C,(15)N) Escherichia coli thioredoxin reassemblies prepared
      by fragment complementation were investigated by high-resolution magic angle
      spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Nearly complete resonance assignments,
      secondary and tertiary structure analysis are reported for 1-73((13)C,(15)N)/74
      108((15)N) reassembled thioredoxin. Temperature dependence of the dipolar
      assisted rotational resonance (DARR) spectra reveals the residues undergoing
      intermediate timescale motions at temperatures below - 15 degrees C. Analysis of
      the DARR intensity buildups as a function of mixing time in these reassemblies
      indicates that at long mixing times medium- and long-range cross-peaks do not
      experience dipolar truncation, suggesting that isotopic dilution is not required
      for gaining nontrivial distance restraints for structure calculations.

PMID- 18157814
TI  - Reflecting on HIV.

PMID- 18157812
TI  - Functional inhibition related to structure of a highly potent insulin-specific
      CD8 T cell clone using altered peptide ligands.
AB  - Insulin-reactive CD8 T cells are amongst the earliest islet-infiltrating CD8 T
      cells in NOD mice. Cloned insulin B15-23-reactive cells (designated G9C8),
      restricted by H-2K(d), are highly diabetogenic. We used altered peptide ligands
      (APL) substituted at TCR contact sites, positions (p)6 and 8, to investigate G9C8
      T cell function and correlated this with structure. Cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma
      production assays revealed that p6G and p8R could not be replaced by any
      naturally occurring amino acid without abrogating recognition and functional
      response by the G9C8 clone. When tested for antagonist activity with APL
      differing from the native peptide at either of these positions, the peptide
      variants, G6H and R8L showed the capacity to reduce the agonist response to the
      native peptide. The antagonist activity in cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma production
      assays can be correlated with conformational changes induced by different
      structures of the MHC-peptide complexes, shown by molecular modeling. We conclude
      that p6 and p8 of the insulin B15-23 peptide are very important for TCR
      stimulation of this clone and no substitutions are tolerated at these positions
      in the peptide. This is important in considering the therapeutic use of peptides
      as APL that encompass both CD4 and CD8 epitopes of insulin.

PMID- 18157815
TI  - Fine-tuning CD4+ central memory T cell heterogeneity by strength of stimulation.
AB  - The memory T cell pool serves as a relatively long-lived heterogeneous repository
      of antigen-experienced T cells that "remember" previous encounters with antigen.
      While heterogeneity in the memory T cell pool is now well established, signals
      regulating the generation of this memory T cell heterogeneity are not fully
      understood. Two articles in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology
      highlight the importance of the strength of antigenic stimulation in regulating
      the generation of phenotypically and functionally distinct CD4(+) T cell memory
      subsets. New insights are also provided into key molecular players that likely
      mediate differences in homeostatic and secondary expansion between the memory
      subsets.

PMID- 18157816
TI  - Engagement of NOD2 has a dual effect on proIL-1beta mRNA transcription and
      secretion of bioactive IL-1beta.
AB  - Synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta, play a
      crucial role in the intestinal inflammation that characterizes Crohn's disease.
      Mutations in the nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) gene are associated
      with an increased risk of Crohn's disease. Although it is known that NOD2
      mediates cytokine responses to muramyl dipeptide (MDP), it is yet unclear whether
      NOD2 stimulation mediates only transcription of pro-IL-1beta mRNA, or whether
      NOD2 is also involved in the activation of caspase-1 and release of active IL
      1beta. By investigating the response of MNC from Crohn's disease patients
      homozygous for the 3020insC NOD2 mutation, we were able to show that NOD2
      signaling after stimulation with MDP has a dual effect by activating proIL-1beta
      mRNA transcription and inducing release of bioactive IL-1beta. Because NOD2
      engagement amplifies TLR stimulation, we investigated whether activation of
      caspase-1 by MDP is involved in the NOD2/TLR synergism. The synergy in IL-1beta
      production between NOD2 and TLR is mediated at post-translational level in a
      caspase-1-dependent manner, which indirectly suggests that NOD2 also induces
      caspase-1 activation. In contrast, the synergy in TNF-alpha production after
      stimulation with MDP and LPS is induced at transcriptional level. This
      demonstrates that both caspase-1-dependent and -independent mechanisms are
      involved in the synergy between NOD2 and TLR.

PMID- 18157817
TI  - Identification and hormonal regulation of a novel form of NKp30 in human
      endometrial epithelium.
AB  - This study reports the discovery and steroid hormonal regulation of a novel
      glycosylated form of NKp30 in human endometrial epithelium. NKp30 is a member of
      the immunoglobulin superfamily and one of three existing natural cytotoxicity
      triggering receptors. NKp30 is a glycosylated protein and is thought to be
      selectively expressed in resting and activated natural killer cells. The aims of
      the present study were to fully characterize NKp30 mRNA and protein in human
      endometrium during the menstrual cycle, and to investigate the hormonal
      regulation of NKp30. NKp30 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in fresh tissues
      during late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. Interestingly, NKp30 mRNA was
      also present in clonally derived endometrial epithelial cells (CEE) in comparable
      amounts to fresh tissue. NKp30 protein was predominantly found in the endometrial
      glands and luminal epithelia of the secretory phase endometrium. Western blotting
      and de-glycosylation studies show that a novel glycosylated form of NKp30 is
      present in endometrial epithelium and that it can dimerize. Further phenotyping
      of CEE by flow cytometry revealed that they are CK8(+)CD49f(+)NKp30(+)CD45(
      )CD56(-). The data also show that transcription and translation of the novel form
      of NKp30 can be induced by progesterone treatment after 48 h in endometrial
      explants in vitro. This is the first report to show the presence of both NKp30
      mRNA and a novel glycosylated form of NKp30 protein in endometrial epithelial
      cells.

PMID- 18157818
TI  - Novel clinico-molecular insights in pseudoxanthoma elasticum provide an efficient
      molecular screening method and a comprehensive diagnostic flowchart.
AB  - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a heritable connective tissue disorder
      characterized by ocular, cutaneous and cardiovascular manifestations. It is
      caused by mutations in the ABCC6 gene (chr. 16p13.1), encoding a transmembrane
      transporter protein, the substrate and biological function of which are currently
      unknown. A comprehensive clinical and molecular study of 38 Belgian PXE probands
      and 21 relatives (4 affected and 17 carriers) was performed. An extensive
      clinical evaluation protocol was implemented with serial fundus, skin and
      cardiovascular evaluation. We report on 14 novel mutations in the ABCC6 gene. We
      observed extensive variability in severity of both cutaneous and ocular lesions.
      The type of skin lesion however usually remained identical throughout the
      evolution of the disorder, while ophthalmological progression was mainly due to
      functional decline. Peripheral artery disease (53%) and stroke (15%) were
      significantly more prevalent than in the general population (10-30% and 0.3-0.5%
      respectively). Interestingly, we also observed a relatively high incidence of
      subclinical peripheral artery disease (41%) in our carrier population. We
      highlight the significance of peripheral artery disease and stroke in PXE
      patients as well as the subclinical manifestations in carriers. Through follow-up
      data we gained insight into the natural history of PXE. We propose a cost- and
      time-efficient two-step method of ABCC6 analysis which can be used in different
      populations. Additionally, we created a diagnostic flowchart and attempted to
      define the role of molecular analysis of ABCC6 in the work-up of a PXE patient.

PMID- 18157819
TI  - Molecular analysis of SUMF1 mutations: stability and residual activity of mutant
      formylglycine-generating enzyme determine disease severity in multiple sulfatase
      deficiency.
AB  - Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency (MSD) is a rare inborn autosomal-recessive
      disorder, which mainly combines clinical features of metachromatic
      leukodystrophy, mucopolysaccharidosis and X-linked ichthyosis. The clinical
      course ranges from neonatal severe to mild juvenile cases. MSD is caused by
      mutations in the SUMF1 gene encoding the formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE).
      FGE posttranslationally activates sulfatases by generating formylglycine in their
      catalytic sites. We analyzed the functional consequences of missense mutations
      p.A177P, p.W179S, p.A279V and p.R349W with regard to FGE's subcellular
      localization, enzymatic activity, protein stability, intracellular retention and
      resulting sulfatase activities. All four mutations did not affect localization of
      FGE in the endoplasmic reticulum of MSD fibroblasts. However, they decreased its
      specific enzymatic activity to less than 1% (p.A177P and p.R349W), 3% (p.W179S)
      or 23% (p.A279V). Protein stability was severely decreased for p.A279V and
      p.R349W, and almost comparable to wild type for p.A177P and p.W179S. The patient
      with the mildest clinical phenotype carries the mutation p.A279V leading to
      decreased FGE protein stability, but high residual enzymatic activity and only
      slightly reduced sulfatase activities. In contrast, the most severely affected
      patient carries the mutation p.R349W leading to drastically decreased protein
      stability, very low residual enzymatic activity and considerably reduced
      sulfatase activities. Our functional studies provide novel insight into the
      molecular defect underlying MSD and reveal that both residual enzyme activity and
      protein stability of FGE contribute to the clinical phenotype. The application of
      improved functional assays to determine these two molecular parameters of FGE
      mutants may enable the prediction of the clinical outcome in the future.

PMID- 18157820
TI  - TLR7 stimulation augments T effector-mediated rejection of skin expressing neo
      self antigen in keratinocytes.
AB  - Immunotherapy generally fails to induce tumour regression in spontaneously
      arising tumours. Failure is attributed to both tumour-related factors and an
      ineffective immune response. As a model of tumour immunotherapy, without the
      confounding effects of potential tumour-determined mechanisms of immune evasion,
      we studied the requirements for rejection of skin grafts expressing a neo-self
      antigen in somatic cells and not in antigen-presenting cells. When antigen
      expression was restricted to somatic cells, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) effector cells
      were required for graft rejection. Although freshly placed grafts were
      spontaneously rejected, healed grafts established under the cover of T cell
      depletion were not rejected even after T cell numbers recovered to a level where
      freshly placed grafts on the same animal were rejected, suggesting that healed
      skin grafts expressing a neo-self antigen only in somatic cells could not be
      rejected by primed recipients with functional effector T cells. Local TLR7
      ligation induced inflammatory responses and rejection of healed grafts exposed to
      the TLR agonist but did not induce rejection of untreated healed grafts on the
      same animal. Thus, local pro-inflammatory signalling via TLR7 can promote
      effector T cell function against skin cells displaying their nominal antigen.

PMID- 18157828
TI  - Recommendations for locus-specific databases and their curation.
AB  - Expert curation and complete collection of mutations in genes that affect human
      health is essential for proper genetic healthcare and research. Expert curation
      is given by the curators of gene-specific mutation databases or locus-specific
      databases (LSDBs). While there are over 700 such databases, they vary in their
      content, completeness, time available for curation, and the expertise of the
      curator. Curation and LSDBs have been discussed, written about, and protocols
      have been provided for over 10 years, but there have been no formal
      recommendations for the ideal form of these entities. This work initiates a
      discussion on this topic to assist future efforts in human genetics. Further
      discussion is welcome.

PMID- 18157829
TI  - Progranulin locus deletion in frontotemporal dementia.
AB  - Ubiquitin-positive, tau-negative, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is caused by null
      mutations in progranulin (PGRN; HUGO gene symbol GRN), suggesting a
      haploinsufficiency mechanism. Since whole gene deletions also lead to the loss of
      a functional allele, we performed systematic quantitative analyses of PGRN in a
      series of 103 Belgian FTD patients. We identified in one patient (1%) a genomic
      deletion that was absent in 267 control individuals. The deleted segment was
      between 54 and 69 kb in length and comprised PGRN and two centromeric neighboring
      genes RPIP8 (HUGO gene symbol RUNDC3A) and SLC25A39. The patient presented
      clinically with typical FTD without additional symptoms, consistent with
      haploinsufficiency of PGRN being the only gene contributing to the disease
      phenotype. This study demonstrates that reduced PGRN in absence of mutant protein
      is sufficient to cause neurodegeneration and that previously reported PGRN
      mutation frequencies are underestimated.

PMID- 18157830
TI  - Understanding the impact of breast reconstruction on the surgical decision-making
      process for breast cancer.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Reconstruction is rarely incorporated into the decision-making
      process for surgical breast cancer treatment. We examined the importance of
      knowing about reconstruction to patients' surgical decision-making for breast
      cancer. METHODS: We surveyed women aged < or =79 years with breast cancer (N =
      1844) who were reported to the Detroit and Los Angeles Surveillance,
      Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registries (response rate, 77.4%).
      The dependent variables were 1) patients' report of having a discussion about
      breast reconstruction with their general surgeon (yes/no), 2) whether or not this
      discussion had an impact on their willingness to be treated with a mastectomy
      (yes/no), and 3) whether the patient received a mastectomy (yes/no). The
      independent variables included age, race, education, tumor size, tumor behavior,
      and presence of comorbidities. Chi-square, Student t test, and logistic
      regression were used for analyses. RESULTS: Only 33% of patients had a general
      surgeon discuss breast reconstruction with them during the surgical decision
      making process for their cancer. Surgeons were significantly more likely to have
      this discussion with younger, more educated patients with larger tumors. Knowing
      about reconstructive options significantly increased patients' willingness to
      consider a mastectomy (OR, 2.06; P <.01). In addition, this discussion influenced
      surgical treatment. Patients who discussed reconstruction with their general
      surgeon were 4 times more likely to receive a mastectomy compared with those who
      did not (OR, 4.48; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Most general surgeons do not discuss
      reconstruction with their breast cancer patients before surgical treatment. When
      it occurs, this discussion significantly impacts women's treatment choice, making
      many more likely to choose mastectomy. This highlights the importance of
      multidisciplinary care models to facilitate an informed surgical treatment
      decision-making process.

PMID- 18157831
TI  - Cost analysis of the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program:
      selected states, 2003 to 2004.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program
      (NBCCEDP) was established by the U.S. Congress in 1990. In recent years, there
      has been an emphasis on ascertaining the NBCCEDP's costs of delivering screening
      and diagnostic services to medically underserved, low-income women. The objective
      of this report was to address 3 economic questions: What is the cost per woman
      served in the program, what is the cost per woman served by program component,
      and what is the cost per cancer detected through the program? METHODS: The
      authors developed a questionnaire to systematically collect activity-based costs
      on screening for breast and cervical cancer from 9 participating programs. The
      questionnaire was developed based on well established methods of collecting cost
      data for program evaluation. Data were collected from July 2003 through June
      2004. RESULTS: With in-kind contributions, the cost of screening services to
      women in 9 programs was estimated at $555 per woman served. Without in-kind
      contributions, this cost was $519. Among the program components, screening and
      coalitions/partnerships accounted for the highest and lowest cost per woman
      served, respectively. The median cost of screening a woman for breast cancer was
      $94, and the cost per breast cancer detected was $10,566. For cervical cancer,
      these costs were $56 and $13,340, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Costs per woman
      served, screened, and cancers detected are needed for programs to accurately
      determine the resources required to reach and screen eligible women. With limited
      program resources, these cost estimates can provide useful information to assist
      programs in planning and implementing cost-effective activities that could
      maximize the allocation of program resources.

PMID- 18157832
TI  - Parental origin and somatic mosaicism of PHOX2B mutations in Congenital Central
      Hypoventilation Syndrome.
AB  - Heterozygous polyalanine repeat expansions of PHOX2B have been associated with
      Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome, a rare neurocristopathy
      characterized by absence of adequate control of respiration during sleep. Here we
      report a PHOX2B mutational screening in 63 CCHS patients, 58 of whom presenting
      with poly-A expansions or frameshift, missense and nonsense mutations. To assess
      a somatic or germline occurrence of poly-A length variations, the relative
      amounts of mutant and wild type alleles have been quantified in 20 selected CCHS
      patients presenting with an expansion, and in their parents. Somatic mosaicism
      was shown in four parents, while no mosaic was found among CCHS patients.
      Moreover, while co-segregation analysis of the PHOX2B poly-A expansions with
      selected marker alleles in the same 20 CCHS trios has not demonstrated any parent
      of-origin effect of the mutations, it has provided further clues to clarify the
      molecular mechanism underlying the expansion occurrence. Finally, the segregation
      of PHOX2B poly-A anomalous tracts within family members has allowed us to exclude
      tendency of polymorphic variations towards expansion. This strengthens the notion
      that expanded polyalanine tracts, identified as frequent disease-causing
      mutations also in other human diseases, are mitotically and meiotically stable.

PMID- 18157833
TI  - An unusual case of hemochromatosis due to a new compound heterozygosity in HFE
      (p.[Gly43Asp;His63Asp]+[Cys282Tyr]): structural implications with respect to
      binding with transferrin receptor 1.
AB  - Most adults affected with HFE hereditary hemochromatosis (HH type 1, MIMmusical
      sharp 235200) are homozygous for the p.Cys282Tyr mutation in HFE (NC_000006.10,
      region 26195427 to 26205038). The aim of this study was to investigate the
      molecular basis of iron overload in a patient presenting with severe clinical HH
      with one c.845G>A (p.Cys282Tyr) allele only. Molecular and pedigree studies
      demonstrated the presence of the c.845G>A (p.Cys282Tyr) mutation in one allele
      whereas the other carried the c.187C>G (p.His63Asp) mutation plus a new c.128G>A
      (p.Gly43Asp) substitution in cis. A molecular modeling study of the
      p.[Gly43Asp;His63Asp] and p.His63Asp variants versus the wild type was carried
      out using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in presence of implicit solvent. We
      found that the c.187C>G (p.His63Asp) mutation does not introduce any major change
      in the 1- domains of HFE whereas the c.128G>A (p.Gly43Asp) substitution is
      responsible for a modification of the dynamics and the structure of the Gln40
      Ser45 loop, a critical region for HFE-TfR1 interaction thus impairing HFE-TfR1
      normal contact. We conclude that the occurrence of complex alleles may be an
      alternative explanation for the variability of the phenotype in individuals who
      are compound heterozygous for c.[187C>G]+[845G>A] (p.[His63Asp]+[Cys282Tyr]).

PMID- 18157834
TI  - Repeated stress alters dendritic spine morphology in the rat medial prefrontal
      cortex.
AB  - Anatomical alterations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are associated with
      hypothalamopituitary adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, altered stress hormone
      levels, and psychiatric symptoms of stress-related mental illnesses. Functional
      imaging studies reveal impairment and shrinkage of the mPFC in such conditions,
      and these findings are paralleled by experimental studies showing dendritic
      retraction and spine loss following repeated stress in rodents. Here we extend
      this characterization to how repeated stress affects dendritic spine morphology
      in mPFC through the utilization of an automated approach that rapidly digitizes,
      reconstructs three dimensionally, and calculates geometric features of neurons.
      Rats were perfused after being subjected to 3 weeks of daily restraint stress (6
      hours/day), and intracellular injections of Lucifer Yellow were made in layer
      II/III pyramidal neurons in the dorsal mPFC. To reveal spines in all angles of
      orientation, deconvolved high-resolution confocal laser scanning microscopy image
      stacks of dendritic segments were reconstructed and analyzed for spine volume,
      surface area, and length using a Rayburst-based automated approach (8,091 and
      8,987 spines for control and stress, respectively). We found that repeated stress
      results in an overall decrease in mean dendritic spine volume and surface area,
      which was most pronounced in the distal portion of apical dendritic fields.
      Moreover, we observed an overall shift in the population of spines, manifested by
      a reduction in large spines and an increase in small spines. These results
      suggest a failure of spines to mature and stabilize following repeated stress and
      are likely to have major repercussions on function, receptor expression, and
      synaptic efficacy.

PMID- 18157835
TI  - Herbal product use by persons enrolled in the hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term
      Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial.
AB  - Herbal products, used for centuries in Far Eastern countries, are gaining
      popularity in western countries. Surveys indicate that persons with chronic
      hepatitis C (CHC) often use herbals, especially silymarin (milk thistle extract),
      hoping to improve the modest response to antiviral therapy and reduce side
      effects. The Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C)
      Trial, involving persons with advanced CHC, nonresponders to prior antiviral
      therapy but still willing to participate in long-term pegylated interferon
      treatment, offered the opportunity to examine the use and potential effects of
      silymarin. Among 1145 study participants, 56% had never taken herbals, 21%
      admitted past use, and 23% were using them at enrollment. Silymarin constituted
      72% of 60 herbals used at enrollment. Among all participants, 67% had never used
      silymarin, 16% used it in the past, and 17% used it at baseline. Silymarin use
      varied widely among the 10 participating study centers; men were more frequent
      users than women, as were non-Hispanic whites than African Americans and
      Hispanics. Silymarin use correlated strongly with higher education. No beneficial
      effect of silymarin was found on serum alanine aminotransferase or hepatitis C
      virus (HCV) RNA levels. Univariate analysis showed significantly fewer liver
      related symptoms and better quality-of-life parameters in users than nonusers,
      but after reanalysis adjusted for covariates of age, race, education, alcohol
      consumption, exercise, body mass index, and smoking, only fatigue, nausea, liver
      pain, anorexia, muscle and joint pain, and general health remained significantly
      better in silymarin users. In conclusion, silymarin users had similar alanine
      aminotransferase and HCV levels to those of nonusers but fewer symptoms and
      somewhat better quality-of-life indices. Because its use among these HALT-C
      participants was self-motivated and uncontrolled, however, only a well-designed
      prospective study can determine whether silymarin provides benefit to persons
      with chronic hepatitis C.

PMID- 18157836
TI  - Phyllanthus urinaria ameliorates the severity of nutritional steatohepatitis both
      in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Hepatic oxidative stress plays a critical role in metabolic forms of
      steatohepatitis. Phyllanthus urinaria, an herbal medicine, has been reported to
      have potential antioxidant properties. We tested the effects of P. urinaria on
      nutritional steatohepatitis both in vitro and in vivo. Immortalized normal
      hepatocytes (AML-12) or primary hepatocytes were exposed to control, the
      methionine-and-choline-deficient (MCD) culture medium, in the presence or absence
      of P. urinaria for 24 hours. Hepatocyte triglyceride, release of alanine
      aminotransferase, lipoperoxides, and reactive oxygen species production were
      determined. Age-matched C57BL/6 and db/db mice were fed control or MCD diet for
      10 days with or without P. urinaria. Hepatic steatosis, necroinflammation,
      triglycerides, and lipid peroxide levels were determined. Hepatic expression of
      inflammatory factors and lipid regulatory mediators were assayed. P. urinaria
      reduced steatosis and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in culture of
      hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Phyllanthus prevented MCD-induced hepatic
      fat accumulation and steatohepatitis in mice. This effect was associated with
      repressed levels of hepatic lipid peroxides, reduced expression of cytochrome
      P450-2E1, pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, dampened
      activation of inflammatory c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa
      B (NF-kappaB), increased expression of lipolytic cytochrome P450 (Cyp4a10), and
      suppressed transcriptional activity of lipogenic CCAAT/enhancer binding protein
      beta (C/EBPbeta). Hepatic acyl co-enzyme A oxidase that regulated hepatic beta
      oxidation of fatty acid and other lipid regulators were not affected by P.
      urinaria. In conclusion, P. urinaria effectively alleviated the steatohepatitis
      induced by the MCD, probably through dampening oxidative stress, ameliorating
      inflammation, and decreasing lipid accumulation.

PMID- 18157838
TI  - Using 17O solid-state NMR and first principles calculation to characterise
      structure and dynamics in inorganic framework materials.
AB  - The use of solid-state (17)O NMR to determine local chemical environment and to
      characterise oxygen dynamics is illustrated in studies of zirconium tungstate,
      ZrW(2)O(8), and tungsten oxide, WO(3). Simple 1D magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR
      allows the chemical environments in ZrW(2)O(8) to be readily characterised, and
      the use of a combination of one- and two-dimensional experiments to characterise
      oxygen dynamics in its cubic phase is reviewed. Combining local information about
      structure and dynamics from NMR with long-range structural information from
      diffraction allows a comprehensive picture of the material to be developed.
      Recent work is described that uses first principles calculation of NMR parameters
      to probe subtle asymmetries in the WO(6) octahedra that form the structural motif
      in WO(3). NMR is shown to be a highly sensitive probe of local structure,
      allowing different models derived from high-quality neutron diffraction studies
      to be distinguished. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations allow clear
      correlations between (17)O chemical shifts and distortions of the structure to be
      established.

PMID- 18157837
TI  - Epithelial expression of angiogenic growth factors modulate arterial
      vasculogenesis in human liver development.
AB  - Intrahepatic bile ducts maintain a close anatomical relationship with hepatic
      arteries. During liver ontogenesis, the development of the hepatic artery appears
      to be modulated by unknown signals originating from the bile duct. Given the
      capability of cholangiocytes to produce angiogenic growth factors and influence
      peribiliary vascularization, we studied the immunohistochemical expression of
      vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and
      their cognate receptors (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, Tie-2) in fetal human livers at
      different gestational ages and in mice characterized by defective biliary
      morphogenesis (Hnf6(-/-)). The results showed that throughout the different
      developmental stages, VEGF was expressed by developing bile ducts and
      angiopoietin-1 by hepatoblasts, whereas their cognate receptors were variably
      expressed by vascular cells according to the different maturational stages.
      Precursors of endothelial and mural cells expressed VEGFR-2 and Tie-2,
      respectively. In immature hepatic arteries, endothelial cells expressed VEGFR-1,
      whereas mural cells expressed both Tie-2 and Angiopoietin-2. In mature hepatic
      arteries, endothelial cells expressed Tie-2 along with VEGFR-1. In early
      postnatal Hnf6(-/-) mice, VEGF-expressing ductal plates failed to incorporate
      into the portal mesenchyma, resulting in severely altered arterial
      vasculogenesis. CONCLUSION: The reciprocal expression of angiogenic growth
      factors and receptors during development supports their involvement in the cross
      talk between liver epithelial cells and the portal vasculature. Cholangiocytes
      generate a VEGF gradient that is crucial during the migratory stage, when it
      determines arterial vasculogenesis in their vicinity, whereas angiopoietin-1
      signaling from hepatoblasts contributes to the remodeling of the hepatic artery
      necessary to meet the demands of the developing epithelium.

PMID- 18157839
TI  - J-based 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation in solid-state proteins.
AB  - Scalar-based two-dimensional heteronuclear experiments are reported for NCO and
      NCA chemical shift correlation in the solid state. In conjunction with
      homonuclear CACO correlation, these experiments form a useful set for tracing
      connectivities and assigning backbone resonances in solid-state proteins. The
      applicability of this approach is demonstrated on two proteins, the beta 1
      immunoglobulin binding domain of protein G at 9.4 T and reassembled thioredoxin
      at 14.1 T, using different decoupling conditions and MAS frequencies. These
      constant-time J-based correlation experiments exhibit increased resolution in the
      indirect dimension owing to homonuclear and heteronuclear decoupling, and because
      the indirect evolution and transfer periods are combined into a single constant
      time interval, this increased resolution is not obtained at the cost of
      sensitivity. These experiments are also shown to be compatible with in-phase anti
      phase (IPAP) selection, giving increased resolution in the directly detected
      dimension.

PMID- 18157840
TI  - Investigation of finite-pulse radiofrequency-driven recoupling methods for
      measurement of intercarbonyl distances in polycrystalline and membrane-associated
      HIV fusion peptide samples.
AB  - Two finite-pulse radiofrequency-driven recoupling (RFDR) methods were compared
      and applied to the measurement of 3-6 A (13)CO-(13)CO distances in
      polycrystalline and membrane-associated HIV fusion peptide (HFP) samples. The
      RFDR methods were based on pi pulses and were relatively straightforward to
      implement and insensitive to pulse imperfections. The two tested methods were:
      (i) constant-time double-quantum buildup with finite pulses (fpCTDQBU) for which
      the pulse sequence maintained a constant transverse relaxation period while
      allowing a variable period of dipolar dephasing; and (ii) constant-time finite
      pulse rf-driven recoupling (fpRFDR-CT) for which the duration of transverse
      relaxation increased with increasing dephasing period. The fpRFDR-CT method
      yielded higher signal-to-noise and an accurate determination of a ~5 A
      intercarbonyl distance was made in a crystalline peptide which had T(2) ~ 55 ms.
      In some contrast, the HFP samples had T(2) ~ 15 ms and the fpRFDR-CT data were
      dominated by transverse relaxation. Examination of the fpCTDQBU sequence showed:
      (i) the most rapid signal buildup was obtained with application of one (13) C pi
      pulse per rotor period rather than one (13)C pi pulse per multiple rotor periods
      and (ii) the data were insensitive to ~15 ppm transmitter offset and to ~5
      degrees  variation of pi pulse nutation angle. For HFP samples which were (13)CO
      labeled at a single residue, analyses of the fpCTDQBU data were interpreted with
      a model of mixed parallel and antiparallel beta-strand arrangements in the N
      terminal region of HFP and loss of parallel beta-sheet structure in the C
      terminal region of HFP.

PMID- 18157841
TI  - Efficient low-power heteronuclear decoupling in 13C high-resolution solid-state
      NMR under fast magic angle spinning.
AB  - The use of a low-power two-pulse phase modulation (TPPM) sequence is proposed for
      efficient (1)H radio frequency (rf) decoupling in high-resolution (13)C solid
      state NMR (SSNMR) under fast MAS conditions. Decoupling efficiency for different
      low-power decoupling sequences such as continuous-wave (cw), TPPM, XiX, and pi
      pulse (PIPS) train decoupling has been investigated at a spinning speed of 40 kHz
      for (13)C CPMAS spectra of uniformly (13)C- and (15)N-labeled L-alanine. It was
      found that the TPPM decoupling sequence, which was originally designed for high
      power decoupling, provides the best decoupling efficiency at low power among all
      the low-power decoupling sequences examined here. Optimum performance of the low
      power TPPM sequence was found to be obtained at a decoupling field intensity
      (omega(1)) of ~omega(R)/4 with a pulse flip angle of ~pi and a phase alternation
      between +/- [Symbol: see text]([Symbol: see text] = 20 degrees  ), where
      omega(R)/2pi is the spinning speed. The sensitivity obtained for (13) CO(2)(-),
      (13)CH, and (13)CH(3) in L-alanine under low-power TPPM at omega(1)/2pi of 10 kHz
      was only 5-15% less than that under high-power TPPM at omega(1) /2pi of 200 kHz,
      despite the fact that only 0.25% of the rf power was required in low-power TPPM.
      Analysis of the (13)CH(2) signals for uniformly (13) C- and (15) N-labeled L
      isoleucine under various low-power decoupling sequences also confirmed superior
      performance of the low-power TPPM sequence, although the intensity obtained by
      low-power TPPM was 61% of that obtained by high-power TPPM. (13)C CPMAS spectra
      of (13)C-labeled ubiquitin micro crystals obtained by low-power TPPM demonstrates
      that the low-power TPPM sequence is a practical option that provides excellent
      resolution and sensitivity in (13)C SSNMR for hydrated proteins.

PMID- 18157842
TI  - Chemical shift computations on a crystallographic basis: some reflections and
      comments.
AB  - Computations for chemical shifts of molecular organic compounds using the gauge
      including projector augmented wave method and the NMR-CASTEP code are reviewed.
      The methods are briefly introduced, and some general aspects involving the
      sources of uncertainty in the results are explored. The limitations are outlined.
      Successful applications of the computations to problems of interpretation of NMR
      results are discussed and the range of areas in which useful information is
      obtained is illustrated by examples. The particular value of the computations for
      comparing shifts between resonances where the same chemical site is involved is
      emphasised. Such cases arise for shifts between different crystallographically
      independent molecules of the same chemical species, between polymorphs and for
      shift anisotropies and asymmetries.

PMID- 18157843
TI  - Environmentally friendly flame retardants. A detailed solid-state NMR study of
      melamine orthophosphate.
AB  - We used solid-state NMR spectroscopy to gain detailed information about the
      proton positions, proximities and the hydrogen-bonding network in the
      environmentally friendly flame retardant melamine orthophosphate (MP). High
      resolution proton one- and two-dimensional solid-state NMR spectra were obtained
      at high external magnetic field in combination with fast magic angle spinning of
      the sample. Furthermore, we recorded homo- and heteronuclear correlation spectra
      of types (15)N-(15)N, (1)H-(13)C, (1)H-(15)N and (1)H-(31)P. In addition, we
      determined the geometry of the NH and NH(2) groups in MP by (15)N-(1)H
      heteronuclear recoupling experiments.We were able to completely assign the
      different isotropic chemical shifts in MP. Furthermore, we could identify the
      protonation of the melamine and orthophosphate moieties. The experimental results
      are discussed in connection with the structural model obtained by powder X-ray
      diffraction together with a combined molecular modeling-Rietveld refinement
      approach (De Ridder et al. Helv. Chim. Acta 2004; 87: 1894). We show that the
      geometry of the NH2 groups can only be successfully estimated by solid-state NMR.

PMID- 18157844
TI  - Optimizing ssNMR experiments for dilute proteins in heterogeneous mixtures at
      high magnetic fields.
AB  - Solid-state NMR spectroscopy at high magnetic fields is proving to be an
      effective technique in structural biology, particularly for proteins which are
      not amenable to traditional X-ray and solution NMR approaches. Several parameters
      can be selected to provide optimal sensitivity, improve sample stability, and
      ensure biological relevance for ssNMR measurements on protein samples. These
      include selection of sample conditions, NMR probe design, and design of pulse
      experiments. Here, we demonstrate and evaluate several engineering and
      experimental approaches for pursuing measurements on dilute proteins in
      heterogeneous mixtures.

PMID- 18157845
TI  - A comparison of salivary pH in sympatric wild lemurs (Lemur catta and Propithecus
      verreauxi) at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar.
AB  - Chemical deterioration of teeth is common among modern humans, and has been
      suggested for some extinct primates. Dental erosion caused by acidic foods may
      also obscure microwear signals of mechanical food properties. Ring-tailed lemurs
      at the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve (BMSR), Madagascar, display frequent severe
      tooth wear and subsequent tooth loss. In contrast, sympatric Verreaux's sifaka
      display far less tooth wear and infrequent tooth loss, despite both species
      regularly consuming acidic tamarind fruit. We investigated the potential impact
      of dietary acidity on tooth wear, collecting data on salivary pH from both
      species, as well as salivary pH from ring-tailed lemurs at Tsimanampesotse
      National Park, Madagascar. We also collected salivary pH data from ring-tailed
      lemurs at the Indianapolis Zoo, none of which had eaten for at least 12 hr before
      data collection. Mean salivary pH for the BMSR ring-tailed lemurs (8.098, n=41,
      SD=0.550) was significantly more alkaline than Verreaux's sifaka (7.481, n=26,
      SD=0.458). The mean salivary pH of BMSR (8.098) and Tsimanampesotse (8.080, n=25,
      SD=0.746) ring-tailed lemurs did not differ significantly. Salivary pH for the
      Indianapolis Zoo sample (8.125, n=16, SD=0.289) did not differ significantly from
      either the BMSR or Tsimanampesotse ring-tailed lemurs, but was significantly more
      alkaline than the BMSR Verreaux's sifaka sample. Regardless of the time between
      feeding and collection of pH data (from several minutes to nearly 1 hr), salivary
      pH for each wild lemur was above the "critical" pH of 5.5, below which enamel
      demineralization occurs. Thus, the high pH of lemur saliva suggests a strong
      buffering capacity, indicating the impact of acidic foods on dental wear is short
      lived, likely having a limited effect. However, tannins in tamarind fruit may
      increase friction between teeth, thereby increasing attrition and wear in lemurs.
      These data also suggest that salivary pH varies between lemur species,
      corresponding to broad dietary categories.

PMID- 18157846
TI  - Asymmetric doublets in MAS NMR: coherent and incoherent mechanisms.
AB  - It has been long noted that J-resolved doublets observed in solid-state MAS
      experiments are asymmetric. The asymmetry has been attributed to a coherent
      interference effect involving dipolar and CSA interactions. Recently, Bernd Reif
      and co-workers suggested that under fast MAS conditions the coherent portion of
      the effect is suppressed and it becomes possible to observe an incoherent
      mechanism reminiscent of TROSY. The researchers were able to observe the
      characteristic TROSY-type patterns in (15)N-(1)H(N) spectra of heavily deuterated
      protein samples (Chevlekov, Diehl, and Reif, previous article in this issue). In
      the present computer simulation study, we seek to obtain a unified picture of
      this phenomenon, including both coherent and incoherent aspects. The chosen model
      focuses on the (15)N-(1)H(N) pair from a polycrystalline sample subject to magic
      angle spinning. To mimic local dynamics, we assume that the corresponding peptide
      plane jumps between two orientations. The simulations demonstrate that this
      simple model reproduces both coherent and incoherent behavior, depending on the
      MAS speed and the time scale of local dynamics. Furthermore, semianalytical
      expressions can be derived for both coherent and incoherent (Redfield) limits. Of
      particular interest is the possibility to use solution-style Redfield results to
      probe internal protein motions, especially slower motions on the nanosecond time
      scale. Our simulations show that the differential relaxation measurement permits
      accurate determination of (15)N dipolar-CSA cross correlations already at
      moderately high MAS speed (ca 15 kHz).

PMID- 18157847
TI  - Potassium channels involved in human sperm volume regulation--quantitative
      studies at the protein and mRNA levels.
AB  - KCNE1, KCNA5 and KCNK5 have been identified, by using specific blockers, as K(+)
      channels involved in sperm volume regulation under physiological conditions. All
      three channels were localised on the cytoplasmic droplets and tail of human
      ejaculated spermatozoa by fluorescence microscopy. Using flow cytometric
      quantification, KCNE1 was found to be present in 80% or more spermatozoa and
      KCNK5 in only about 20%, with KCNA5 expressed by 20-90% of cells. Whereas the
      extents of such protein expression did not differ statistically between semen
      donors and subfertile patients, the former group exhibited higher capacities for
      sperm volume regulation which were correlated with other sperm qualities
      including normal morphology and motile sperm number in the ejaculate. Channel
      identification was further confirmed at the protein level using Western blotting.
      RT-PCR analysis of testicular and sperm RNA of proven quality indicated the
      presence of Kcne1, Kcna5 and Kcnk5 transcripts. Subsequent sequencing of PCR
      products demonstrated that the nucleotide sequences of the entire encoding
      regions of Kcne1 and Kcnk5 were identical to those published in the database,
      whereas that of Kcna5 mRNA showed a single nucleotide synonymous deviation that
      agrees with the published genomic sequence. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis
      of sperm RNA revealed the amounts of Kcne1 > Kcna5 > Kcnk5, in the same order as
      for protein expression. Thus, KCNE1 is probably the major K(+)-channel involved
      in regulatory volume decrease in human spermatozoa, and channel activity is
      regulated beyond the extent of protein expression.

PMID- 18157848
TI  - Development of normal mice after microinjection of round spermatids into oocytes
      stored at room temperature for one day.
AB  - Early studies have shown that some mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) stored
      at room temperature for 24 hr still retained full developmental potential. In
      this study, we stored mouse COCs and denuded oocytes (DOs) at room temperature
      for 24 hr and activated these oocytes with 10 mM SrCl(2) or injected the oocytes
      with round spermatids. We found that DOs were better than COCs when stored at
      room temperature for 1 day and more normal oocytes were obtained when COCs were
      stored in more H-CZB medium at room temperature for 1 day. The rates of normal
      oocytes were significantly different after preservation with three schemes
      (90.01%, 55.81%, and 86.70%, P < 0.05). Our results also indicated that oocytes
      stored at room temperature for 1 day were fertilized normally (extrusion of the
      second polar body and formation of male and female pronuclei [PN]) after
      microinjection of round spermatid nuclei, and that the existence of cumulus cells
      (CCs) during oocyte storage did not significantly influence the early cleavage
      but had a detrimental effect on later embryo development and full-term
      development. After fertilization, most embryos developed to two-cell stage after
      being cultured for 24 hr, and the development rates of four- to eight-cell
      embryos between two experiments were similar. However, the rates of
      morula/blastocyst formation were significantly different (47.44% and 26.27%,
      respectively, P < 0.05). The birth of four healthy pups from stored DOs indicated
      that the storage of DOs at room temperature for 1 day might become a practical
      procedure in mammalian reproduction.

PMID- 18157849
TI  - Nicotine induces multinuclear formation and causes aberrant embryonic development
      in bovine.
AB  - The present study was designed to investigate the effects of nicotine on
      development of bovine embryos derived from parthenogenetic activation (PA) and in
      vitro fertilization (IVF). Nicotine caused disfigured secondary meiotic spindle
      structures and affected embryonic development in a dose-dependent manner.
      Concentrations at 0.01-0.5 mM resulted in cleavage and blastocyst rates similar
      to the controls for both PA and IVF embryos. Nicotine at 2.0 and 4.0 mM
      significantly decreased the cleavage rates and none of the embryos developed
      beyond the 16-cell stage. Nicotine might disrupt the polymerization of
      microfilaments leading to impaired chromosome alignment or segregation, and
      induce the formation of polynuclei with a variety of abnormal nuclear structures
      such as 2-6 nuclei, 2-4 metaphase plates, 2-4 sets of anaphase/telophase plates,
      and the co-existence of polynuclei and 2-4 sets of anaphase/telophase plates.
      Nicotine adversely affected blastocyst chromosomal composition. Fifty-six to 70%
      of the IVF blastocysts and 71-88% of the PA blastocysts were polyploid and/or
      mixoploid after culture in 0.2-1.0 mM nicotine-containing media, which were
      higher (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) than the controls. Cell numbers of the nicotine
      cultured blastocysts were significantly lower than the control. In conclusion,
      nicotine induced disfigured spindles and irregular chromosome alignment and
      possibly impaired cytokinesis, which lead to decreased quality of the yielded
      blastocysts.

PMID- 18157852
TI  - The influence of process parameters on the characteristics of
      polyhydroxyalkanoates produced by mixed cultures.
AB  - The characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) produced by mixed cultures is
      fundamental for foreseeing the possible final applications of the polymer. In
      this study PHA produced under aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) conditions are
      characterized. The PHA produced shows a stable average molecular weight ([symbol:
      see text]) in the range (1.0-3.0) x 10(6), along three years of reactor
      operation. Attempts to improve the amount of PHA produced did not introduce
      significant variations on the values [symbol: see text]. Along this period, the
      polydispersity indices (PDI) were between 1.3 and 2.2. The use of different
      carbon sources allowed the tailoring of polymer composition: homopolymers of
      poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB), were obtained with acetate and butyrate, whereas
      a mixture of acetate and propionate, and propionate and valerate, gave
      terpolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV), and 2-methyl-3
      hydroxyvalerate (2M3HV). All of these PHA had [symbol: see text] between 2.0 x
      10(6) and 3.0 x 10(6). Thermal characterization of the produced polymers showed
      values of glass transition temperature, melting temperature, melting enthalpy,
      and crystallinity slightly lower than those obtained for PHA from pure cultures.
      The introduction of a purification step during the polymer extraction process
      allowed the elimination of possible contaminants but did not significantly
      improve the polymer quality.

PMID- 18157854
TI  - Heterologous expression and genetic engineering of the phenalinolactone
      biosynthetic gene cluster by using red/ET recombineering.
AB  - The heterologous expression of natural product biosynthetic pathways is of
      increasing interest in biotechnology and drug discovery. This approach enables
      the production of complex metabolites in more amenable host organisms and
      provides the basis for the generation of novel analogues through genetic
      engineering. Here we describe a straightforward strategy for the heterologous
      expression of the highly complex phenalinolactone biosynthetic pathway, which was
      recently cloned from Streptomyces sp. Tu6071. The biosynthetic gene cluster
      comprises at least 11 transcriptional units that harbor 35 genes, which together
      catalyze the assembly of structurally unique tricyclic terpene glycosides with
      antibacterial activity. By using Red/ET recombineering, the phenalinolactone
      pathway was reconstituted from two cosmids and heterologously expressed in
      several Streptomyces strains. The established expression system now provides a
      convenient platform for functional investigations of the biosynthetic genes and
      the generation of novel analogues, by genetic engineering of the pathway in
      Escherichia coli. Deletion of a modifying gene from the expression construct
      resulted in a novel, unglycosylated phenalinolactone derivative; this
      demonstrates the promise of this methodology.

PMID- 18157853
TI  - Characterization of the peroxidase activity of CYP119, a thermostable P450 from
      Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.
AB  - We report the cloning, expression, and purification of CYP119, a thermostable
      enzyme previously thought to derive from Sulfolobus solfataricus. Sequence
      analysis suggested that, in contrast to the conclusions of earlier studies, the
      enzyme stems from the closely related Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, and we were
      indeed able to clone the gene from the genomic DNA of this organism. For the
      first time, we report here on the peroxidase activity of this enzyme and the
      optimization of the associated reaction parameters. The optimized reaction
      conditions were then applied to the biocatalytic epoxidation of styrene. The
      values obtained for k(cat) (78.2+/-20.6 min(-1)) and K(M) (9.2+/-4.3 mM)
      indicated an approximately 100-fold increased catalytic activity over previously
      reported results.

PMID- 18157855
TI  - Small-molecule based delivery systems for alkylating antineoplastic compounds.
AB  - Alkylating agents are a major class of anticancer drugs for the treatment of
      various cancers including hematological malignancies. Targeting alkylating
      moieties to DNA by attachment of a DNA minor groove binding carrier such as
      distamycin, netropsin, or Hoechst 33252 reduces the loss of active drug due to
      reaction with other cell components and makes it possible to direct the
      alkylation both sequence specifically and regiospecifically. We reported the
      synthesis and structure-activity studies of amidine analogues of alkylating
      antineoplastic compounds, which appeared to be a new class of cytotoxic minor
      groove binders and topoisomerase II inhibitors. Another approach to overcome the
      toxicity of alkylating agents to normal tissue is to construct a prodrug with
      lower hydrophobicity and cytotoxicity but is preferentially activated in cancer
      cells. Overexpression of prolidase in some neoplastic cells suggests that the
      proline analogue of alkylating agents may serve as a prolidase convertible
      prodrugs. We have compared several aspects of pharmacological actions of proline
      analogues of chlorambucil and melphalan in breast cancer cells. The results
      suggest that prolidase could serve as a target enzyme for the selective action of
      anticancer agents.

PMID- 18157856
TI  - Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling studies of rebeccamycin
      analogues modified in the carbohydrate moiety.
AB  - A new series of indolocarbazole glycosides containing disaccharides were
      synthesized and their in vitro antiproliferative activity was evaluated against
      three human cancer cell lines (A2780, H460, and GLC4). Cytotoxicity appeared to
      be remarkably affected by the regio- and stereochemical features of the
      disaccharide moiety. In vivo antitumor activity of the compounds studied, two of
      which having IC(50)<100 nm, was determined using ovarian cancer cell line A2780
      xenografted on nude mice. One compound showed an efficacy similar to that of the
      reference compound edotecarin, though with a lower long-lasting activity. The
      topoisomerase I inhibitory properties of some compounds were also examined.
      Molecular dynamics simulations of the ternary topoisomerase I-DNA-ligand
      complexes were performed to analyze the structural features of topoisomerase I
      poisoning with this class of indolocarbazoles. A plausible explanation of their
      biological behavior was provided. These theoretical results were compared with
      the recently published crystal structure of an indolocarbazole monosaccharide
      bound to the covalent human topoisomerase I-DNA complex.

PMID- 18157857
TI  - Reduction of lipophilicity at the lipophilic domain of RXR agonists enables
      production of subtype preference: RXRalpha-preferential agonist possessing a
      sulfonamide moiety.
AB  - Retinoid X receptor agonists (RXR agonists, rexinoids) are interesting candidates
      for the treatment of cancers such as tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer and taxol
      resistant lung cancer. However, well-known RXR agonists possess a strong
      lipophilic character. In addition, although RXR has three subtypes, no subtype
      selective RXR agonists are known. Thus we aimed to produce less-lipophilic and
      subtype-selective RXR agonists. By designing sulfonamide-type RXR agonists, 4-[N
      methanesulfonyl-N-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2
      naphthyl)amino]benzoic acid (8 a) was found to prefer RXRalpha over RXRbeta and
      RXRgamma, although the potency is less than the potencies of well-known RXR pan
      agonists. Moreover, our results suggest that the reduction of lipophilicity at
      the hydrophobic interaction region of RXR agonists enables production of RXR
      subtype preference. Our finding will be useful for the creation of more potent
      and less-lipophilic subtype-selective RXR agonists aimed at the reduction of
      undesirable side effects.

PMID- 18157858
TI  - Blubber morphology in wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the
      Southeastern United States: influence of geographic location, age class, and
      reproductive state.
AB  - This study investigated blubber morphology and correlations of histological
      measurements with ontogeny, geography, and reproductive state in live, wild
      bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the southeastern United States.
      Surgical skin-blubber biopsies (N=74) were collected from dolphins during capture
      release studies conducted in two geographic locations: Charleston, SC (N=38) and
      Indian River Lagoon, FL (N=36). Histological analysis of blubber revealed
      stratification into superficial, middle, and deep layers. Adipocytes of the
      middle blubber were 1.6x larger in Charleston subadults than in Indian River
      Lagoon subadults (4,590+/-340 compared to 2,833+/-335 microm2 per cell).
      Charleston subadult dolphins contained higher levels of total blubber lipids than
      Charleston adult animals (49.3%+/-1.9% compared to 34.2%+/-1.7%), and this
      difference was manifested in more adipocytes in the middle blubber layer (19.2+/
      0.9 compared to 14.9+/-0.5 cells per field). However, dolphins from Indian River
      Lagoon did not exhibit this pattern, and the adipocyte cell counts of subadults
      were approximately equal to those of the adults (16.0+/-1.4 compared to 13.4+/
      0.8 cells per field). The colder year-round water temperatures in Charleston
      compared to Indian River Lagoon may explain these differences. Adipocytes in the
      deep blubber layer were significantly smaller in lactating and simultaneously
      pregnant and lactating animals compared to pregnant dolphins (840+/-179, 627+/
      333, and 2,776+/-586 microm2 per cell, respectively). Total blubber lipid content
      and adipocyte size in the deep blubber of mothers with calves decreased linearly
      with calf length. Lactating females may utilize lipids from the deep blubber
      during periods of increased energetic demands associated with offspring care.
      This study demonstrates that ontogeny, geography, and reproductive state may
      influence morphological parameters such as structural fiber densities and
      adipocyte numbers and sizes, measured in bottlenose dolphin blubber.

PMID- 18157859
TI  - Myogenesis in Aplysia californica (Cooper, 1863) (Mollusca, Gastropoda,
      Opisthobranchia) with special focus on muscular remodeling during metamorphosis.
AB  - To date only few comparative approaches tried to reconstruct the ontogeny of the
      musculature in invertebrates. This may be due to the difficulties involved in
      reconstructing three dimensionally arranged muscle systems by means of classical
      histological techniques combined with light or transmission electron microscopy.
      Within the scope of the present study we investigated the myogenesis of
      premetamorphic, metamorphic, and juvenile developmental stages of the anaspidean
      opisthobranch Aplysia californica using fluorescence F-actin-labeling in
      conjunction with modern confocal laser scanning microscopy. We categorized
      muscles with respect to their differentiation and degeneration and found three
      true larval muscles that differentiate during the embryonic and veliger phase and
      degenerate during or slightly after metamorphosis. These are the larval
      retractor, the accessory larval retractor, and the metapodial retractor muscle.
      While the pedal retractor muscle, some transversal mantle fibers and major
      portions of the cephalopedal musculature are continued and elaborated during
      juvenile and adult life, the buccal musculature and the anterior retractor muscle
      constitute juvenile/adult muscles which differentiate during or after
      metamorphosis. The metapodial retractor muscle has never been reported for any
      other gastropod taxon. Our findings indicate that the late veliger larva of A.
      californica shares some common traits with veligers of other gastropods, such as
      a larval retractor muscle. However, the postmetamorphic stages exhibit only few
      congruencies with other gastropod taxa investigated to date, which is probably
      due to common larval but different adult life styles within gastropods.
      Accordingly, this study provides further evidence for morphological plasticity in
      gastropod myogenesis and stresses the importance of ontogenetic approaches to
      understand adult conditions and life history patterns.

PMID- 18157860
TI  - Structure of ivory.
AB  - Profiles with all orientations have been used to visualize the 3D structure of
      ivory from tusks of elephant, mammoth, walrus, hippopotamus, pig (bush, boar, and
      warthog), sperm whale, killer whale, and narwhal. Polished, forming, fractured,
      aged, and stained surfaces were prepared for microscopy using epi-illumination.
      Tusks have a minor peripheral component, the cementum, a soft derivative of the
      enamel layer, and a main core of dentine=ivory. The dentine is composed of a
      matrix of particles 5-20 microm in diameter in a ground substance containing
      dentinal tubules about 5 microm in diameter with a center to center spacing of 10
      20 microm. Dentinal tubules may be straight (most) or curly (pigs). The main
      findings relate to the way that dentinal tubules align in sheets to form
      microlaminae in the length of the tusk. Microlaminae are sheets of laterally
      aligned dentinal tubules. They are axial but may be radial (most), angled to the
      forming face (pigs and hippopotamus canines), or radial but helical (narwhals).
      Within the microlaminae the dentinal tubules may be radial, angled to the axis
      (whales, walrus, and pigs), or may change their orientation from one microlamina
      to the next in helicoids (canines of hippopotamuses, incisors of proboscidea). In
      the nonbanded, featureless ivories from the hippopotamus incisors, the dentinal
      tubules form radial microlamina from which the arrangements in other ivories can
      be derived. In the canines of hippopotamuses and incisors of proboscidea, the
      dentinal tubule orientation changes incrementally from one microlamina to the
      next in a helicoid, a stack of dentinal tubules that change their orientation by
      180 degrees anticlockwise. Dentinal tubules having different orientations are
      laid down concurrently, not layer by layer as in most examples of helicoidal
      architecture (e.g., insect cuticle). In proboscidean ivory, the microlaminae are
      radial, normal to the banding of growth layers marking the plane of deposition.
      They form radial segments with each 180 degrees turn in the orientation of their
      constituent dentinal tubules. Below the cementum they are almost complete 180
      degrees helicoids, but nearer to the core they become narrower with the loss of
      radially oriented dentinal tubules. These truncated helicoidal patterns appear in
      longitudinal profile as VVVV feather patterns rather than intersection
      intersection intersection intersection, each V or intersection being the side
      view of a partial or complete helicoid. The Schreger pattern in proboscidean
      ivory consists of these helicoids divided tangentially into columns in the length
      of the tusk. Narwhals have the most abundant matrix particles with their
      radial/helical dentinal tubules having a twist opposite to that in the cementum.

PMID- 18157861
TI  - Fine structure of the spermatheca and of the accessory glands in Orchesella
      villosa (Collembola, Hexapoda).
AB  - The spermatheca and the accessory glands of the collembolan Orchesella villosa
      are described for the first time. Both organs exhibit ultrastructural
      differences, according to the time of the intermolt in which the specimens were
      observed. A thick cuticular layer lines the epithelial cells of the accessory
      glands. In the reproductive phase, they are involved in secretory activity; a
      moderately dense secretion found in the apical cell region opens into the gland
      lumen. Cells with an extracellular cistern are intermingled with the secretory
      cells. These cells could be involved in fluid secretion, with the secretory
      product opening into the cistern which is filled with an electron-transparent
      material. After the reproductive phase, the gland lumen becomes filled with a
      dense secretion. The accessory gland secretion may play a protective role towards
      the eggs. The spermatheca is located between the accessory glands; its epithelium
      is lined by a thin cuticle forming spine-like projections into the lumen and
      consists of cells provided with an extracellular cistern. Secretory cells,
      similar to those seen in the accessory glands, are missing. Cells with a cistern
      could be involved in the production of a fluid secretion determining sperm
      unrolling and sperm motility.

PMID- 18157862
TI  - Constructive episodic simulation: temporal distance and detail of past and future
      events modulate hippocampal engagement.
AB  - Behavioral, lesion and neuroimaging evidence show striking commonalities between
      remembering past events and imagining future events. In a recent event-related
      fMRI study, we instructed participants to construct a past or future event in
      response to a cue. Once an event was in mind, participants made a button press,
      then generated details (elaboration) and rated them. The elaboration of past and
      future events recruited a common neural network. However, regions within this
      network may respond differentially to event characteristics, such as the amount
      of detail generated and temporal distance, depending on whether the event is in
      the past or future. To investigate this further, we conducted parametric
      modulation analyses, with temporal distance and detail as covariates, and focused
      on the medial temporal lobes and frontopolar cortex. The analysis of detail
      (independent of temporal distance) showed that the left posterior hippocampus was
      responsive to the amount of detail comprising both past and future events. In
      contrast, the left anterior hippocampus responded differentially to the amount of
      detail comprising future events, possibly reflecting the recombination of details
      into a novel future event. The analysis of temporal distance revealed that the
      increasing recency of past events correlated with activity in the right
      parahippocampus gyrus (Brodmann area (BA) 35/36), while activity in the bilateral
      hippocampus was significantly correlated with the increasing remoteness of future
      events. We propose that the hippocampal response to the distance of future events
      reflects the increasing disparateness of details likely included in remote future
      events, and the intensive relational processing required for integrating such
      details into a coherent episodic simulation of the future. These findings provide
      further support for the constructive episodic simulation hypothesis (Schacter and
      Addis (2007) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 362:773-786) and highlight the
      involvement of the hippocampus in relational processing during elaboration of
      future events.

PMID- 18157863
TI  - Female-specific increase in primordial germ cells marks sex differentiation in
      threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).
AB  - Gonadal sex differentiation is increasingly recognized as a remarkably plastic
      process driven by species-specific genetic or environmental determinants. Among
      aquatic vertebrates, gonadal sex differentiation is a frequent endpoint in
      studies of endocrine disruption with little appreciation of underlying
      developmental mechanisms. Work in model organisms has highlighted the diversity
      of master sex-determining genes rather than uncovering any broad similarities
      prompting the highly conserved developmental decision of testes versus ovaries.
      Here we use molecular genetic markers of chromosomal sex combined with
      traditional histology to examine the transition of the bipotential gonads to
      ovaries or testes in threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Serially
      sectioned threespine stickleback fry were analyzed for qualitative and
      quantitative indications of sexual differentiation, including changes in gonadal
      morphology, number of germ cells and the incidence of gonadal apoptosis. We show
      that threespine stickleback sampled from anadromous and lacustrine populations
      are differentiated gonochorists. The earliest sex-specific event is a premeiotic
      increase in primordial germ cell number followed by a female-specific spike in
      apoptosis in the undifferentiated gonad of genetic females. The data suggest that
      an increase in PGC number may direct the undifferentiated gonad toward ovarian
      differentiation.

PMID- 18157864
TI  - Functional anatomy of the limbs of erethizontidae (Rodentia, Caviomorpha):
      Indicators of locomotor behavior in Miocene porcupines.
AB  - Functional analysis of the limb bones of the erethizontid Steiromys duplicatus,
      one of the most abundant Miocene porcupines from Patagonia, provides evidence to
      infer their locomotor behavior. Remains of the giant Neosteiromys pattoni (Late
      Miocene of Northeast Argentina) are also analyzed. Osteological and myological
      features of extant porcupines were evaluated and used as a model to interpret the
      functional significance of Miocene species' limbs. Several features in
      erethizontids are compatible with the ability to climb: the low humeral
      tuberosities indicate a mobile gleno-humeral joint; the prominent and distally
      extended deltopectoral crest indicates a powerful pectoral muscle, which is
      particularly active when climbing; the humero-ulnar and humero-radial joints are
      indicative of pronation-supination movements; the well-developed lateral
      epicondylar ridge and the medially protruding entepicondyle are in agreement with
      an important development of the brachioradialis, supinator, flexor digitorum
      profundus, and pronator teres muscles, acting in climbing and grasping functions;
      the mechanical advantage of the biceps brachii would be emphasized because of its
      distal attachment on the bicipital tuberosity. As with extant porcupines, in
      Miocene species, the large femoral head would have permitted a broad range of
      abduction of the femur, and the medially protruding lesser trochanter would have
      emphasized the abduction and outward rotation of the femur by the action of the
      ilio-psoas complex. In S. duplicatus, the shape of the hip, knee, and cruro
      astragalar, calcaneo-astragalar, and astragalo-navicular joints would have
      allowed lateral and rotational movements, although probably to a lesser degree
      than in extant porcupines. Foot features of S. duplicatus (e.g., great medial
      sesamoid bone, medial astragalar head, complete hallux) indicate that this
      species would have had grasping ability, but would not have achieved the high
      degree of specialization of Coendou. Steiromys duplicatus would have been a
      semiarboreal dweller, resembling Erethizon dorsatum.

PMID- 18157865
TI  - Observations of serotonin and FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in palp sensory
      structures and the anterior nervous system of spionid polychaetes.
AB  - Evidence suggests that ciliated sensory structures on the feeding palps of
      spionid polychaetes may function as chemoreceptors to modulate deposit-feeding
      activity. To investigate the probable sensory nature of these ciliated cells, we
      used immunohistochemistry, epi-fluorescence, and confocal laser scanning
      microscopy to label and image sensory cells, nerves, and their organization
      relative to the anterior central nervous system in several spionid polychaete
      species. Antibodies directed against acetylated alphatubulin were used to label
      the nervous system and detail the innervation of palp sensory cells in all
      species. In addition, the distribution of serotonin (5-HT) and FMRFamide-like
      immunoreactivity was compared in the spionid polychaetes Dipolydora quadrilobata
      and Pygospio elegans. The distribution of serotonin immunoreactivity was also
      examined in the palps of Polydora cornuta and Streblospio benedicti. Serotonin
      immunoreactivity was concentrated in cells underlying the food groove of the
      palps, in the palp nerves, and in the cerebral ganglion. FMRFamide-like
      immunoreactivity was associated with the cerebral ganglia, nuchal organs and palp
      nerves, and also with the perikarya of ciliated sensory cells on the palps.

PMID- 18157866
TI  - Bone vascular supply in monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanidae): influence of size,
      growth, and phylogeny.
AB  - Bone vascular canals occur irregularly in tetrapods; however, the reason why a
      species has or lacks bone canals remains poorly understood. Basically, this
      feature could depend on phylogenetic history, or result from diverse causes,
      especially cortical accretion rate. The Varanidae, a monophyletic clade that
      includes species with impressive size differences but similar morphologies, is an
      excellent model for this question. Cortical vascularization was studied in 20
      monitor species, on three bones (femur, fibula, and tibia) that differ in their
      shaft diameters, and in the absolute growth speed of their diaphyseal cortices.
      In all species smaller than 398 mm SVL (133-397 mm in sample), bone cortices lack
      vascular canals, whereas all larger species (460-1,170 mm in sample) display
      canals. The size 398-460 mm SVL is thus a threshold for the appearance of the
      canals. The distribution of vascular and avascular bone tissues among species
      does not precisely reflect phylogenetic relationships. When present, vascular
      canals always occur in the femur and tibia, but are less frequent, sparser, and
      thinner in the fibula. Vascular density increases linearly with specific size but
      decreases exponentially during individual growth. In most species, canal
      orientation varies between individuals and is diverse in a single section. No
      clear relationship exists between canal orientation and vascular density. These
      results suggest that: a) the occurrence and density of bone vascular canals are
      basically dependant on specific size, not phylogenetic relationships; b) vascular
      density reflects the absolute growth rates of bone cortices; c) the orientation
      of vascular canals is a variable feature independent of phylogeny or growth rate.

PMID- 18157867
TI  - Ontogeny of the chondrocranium in Corydoras aeneus (Gill, 1858) (Callichthyidae,
      Siluriformes).
AB  - Callichthyids take a basal position in the loricarioid evolutionary lineage
      leading up to an algae scraping feeding mechanism in the loricariid family.
      Therefore, the study of the morphology and development of a callichthyid
      representative would contribute to a better knowledge on the differences in
      cranial morphology and their impact on feeding ecology within this superfamily.
      Therefore, development in the chondrocranium of Corydoras aeneus was studied
      based on 22 cleared and stained specimens and 6 series of serial sections. The
      latter sections were also digitized and used for 3D reconstructions. Development
      overall follows the typical siluriform trends in chondrocranial development. Even
      the low complexity of the chondrocranium at hatching fits the trend observed in
      other siluriforms, although other studies showed loricarioid hatchlings to
      generally show more complex chondrocrania. In contrast to other catfish, in C.
      aeneus, the notochord was never found to protrude into the hypophyseal fenestra.
      In addition, also differing from other siluriforms, a commissura lateralis is
      present, a state also reported for Ancistrus cf. triradiatus (Geerinckx et al.,
      [2005] J Morphol 266:331-355). The splanchnocranium again has the typical
      siluriform shape during its ontogeny, with the presence of a compound
      hyosymplectic-pterygoquadrate plate, although not fused to the neurocranium or
      interhyal at any time during ontogeny, a state described earlier for Callichthys
      callichthys (Hoedeman, [1960a] Bull Aquat Biol 1:73-84; Howes and Teugels, [1989]
      J Zool Lond 219:441-456). The most striking difference found in comparison to
      other catfishes, however, involves thebranchial basket, which arises as a single
      element with a further differentiation from the middle arches on in both a
      rostral and caudal direction.

PMID- 18157868
TI  - Activator protein 1-mediated expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in
      cultured rat luteal cells.
AB  - We have proposed that luteal cells undergo apoptosis-dependent phagocytosis by
      invading monocyte-derived macrophages in regressive corpora lutea of the rat.
      Accumulation of monocytes/macrophages seems to be mediated by monocyte
      chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) or CCL2, because apoptosis and the production
      of MCP-1 mRNA occur simultaneously, but in different luteal cells, in a manner
      dependent on nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). In this study, we determined the
      mechanisms underlying the induction of these two events using primary cultures of
      rat luteal cells. We found that the activity of the transcription factor
      activator protein 1 (AP-1) increased during culturing concomitantly with an
      increase of MCP-1 mRNA. The increase of MCP-1 mRNA was abolished when cultures
      were maintained in the presence of an inhibitor of either AP-1 or c-Jun amino
      terminal kinase (JNK) that phosphorylates and activates c-Jun, a subunit of AP-1.
      Furthermore, the presence of an inhibitor of NF-kappaB abrogated an increase in
      the activity of both AP-1 and JNK. In contrast, the induction of apoptosis in
      cultured luteal cells required the action of JNK but appeared to be independent
      of AP-1. This may explain why apoptosis and MCP-1 mRNA production are
      concomitantly but differentially induced in distinct luteal cells. We therefore
      suggest the following signaling pathways for the induction of apoptosis and mcp-1
      gene expression during involution of the corpus luteum; NF-kappaB's actions lead
      to the activation of JNK, and the active JNK, at one side, stimulates mcp-1 gene
      transcription by activating AP-1 and, at the other side, induces apoptosis.

PMID- 18157870
TI  - Efficient propagation of single cells Accutase-dissociated human embryonic stem
      cells.
AB  - Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great promise for cell-based therapies
      and drug screening applications. However, growing and processing large quantities
      of undifferentiated hESCs is a challenging task. Conventionally, hESCs are
      passaged as clusters, which can limit their growth efficiency and use in
      downstream applications. This study demonstrates that hESCs can be passaged as
      single cells using Accutase, a formulated mixture of digestive enzymes. In
      contrast to trypsin treatment, Accutase treatment does not significantly affect
      the viability and proliferation rate of hESC dissociation into single cells.
      Accutase-dissociated single cells can be separated by FACS and proliferate as
      fully pluripotent hESCs. An Oct4-eGFP reporter construct engineered into hESCs
      was used to monitor the pluripotency of hESCs passaged with Accutase. Compared to
      collagenase-passaged hESCs, Accutase-treated cultures contained a larger
      proportion of undifferentiated (Oct4-positive) cells. Additionally, Accutase
      passaged undifferentiated hESCs could be grown as monolayers without the need for
      monitoring and/or selection for quality hESC colonies.

PMID- 18157869
TI  - Ceramide inhibits development and cytokinesis and induces apoptosis in
      preimplantation bovine embryos.
AB  - Ceramide is a second messenger induced by various cellular insults that plays a
      regulatory role in apoptosis. The objective of the present study was to determine
      whether ceramide signaling can occur in the preimplantation embryo by testing (1)
      effects of ceramide on development, cytokinesis, and apoptosis and (2) whether
      heat shock, which can induce apoptosis in embryos, causes activation of neutral
      or acidic sphingomyelinases responsible for generation of ceramide. Treatment of
      embryos > or =16 cells collected at Day 5 after insemination with 50 microM C(2)
      ceramide increased caspase-9 activity and the proportion of blastomeres
      undergoing apoptosis but did not increase caspase-8 activity. Induction of
      apoptosis was more extensive when culture with ceramide was for 24 hr than for 9
      hr. Ceramide also reduced the proportion of embryos that developed to the
      blastocyst stage when exposure was for 24 hr. At the two-cell stage, a period in
      development when apoptosis responses are blocked, culture of embryos with
      ceramide did not increase caspase-9 activity or the proportion of blastomeres
      that were apoptotic. However, culture with ceramide for 24 hr reduced cell
      proliferation and caused an increase in multinucleated cells because of
      inhibition of cytokinesis. Exposure of Day 5 embryos to a heat shock of 41
      degrees C for 15 hr increased neutral sphingomyelinase activity but did not
      change acid sphingomyelinase activity. In conclusion, ceramide can regulate
      embryo development and apoptosis in a time and stage-of-development dependent
      manner and ceramide generation can be activated by cellular insult. Thus, the
      ceramide signaling pathway is present in the preimplantation embryo.

PMID- 18157871
TI  - Social integration between African American and European American children in
      majority black, majority white, and multicultural elementary classrooms.

PMID- 18157872
TI  - Statistical analysis of friendship patterns and bullying behaviors among youth.

PMID- 18157873
TI  - New perspectives on social networks in the study of peer relations.

PMID- 18157874
TI  - Using the Q-connectivity method to study frequency of interaction with multiple
      peer triads: do preschoolers' peer group interactions at school relate to
      academic skills?

PMID- 18157875
TI  - Features of groups and status hierarchies in girls' and boys' early adolescent
      peer networks.

PMID- 18157876
TI  - Early adolescent antisocial behavior and peer rejection: a dynamic test of a
      developmental process.

PMID- 18157877
TI  - Studying the individual within the peer context: are we on target?

PMID- 18157878
TI  - Bridging children's social development and social network analysis.

PMID- 18157879
TI  - Posttraumatic stress disorder and smoking relapse: A theoretical model.
AB  - Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with a high prevalence of
      cigarette smoking, heavy cigarette consumption, and low cessation rates. To date,
      little is known about mechanisms impeding smoking cessation among this
      recalcitrant group of smokers. An important first step in improving smoking
      cessation treatment efficacy is the assessment of knowledge about mechanisms
      pertinent to relapse. This theoretical study addresses the gap in the literature
      regarding factors potentially influencing smoking relapse among individuals with
      PTSD. Mechanisms reviewed that may be particularly relevant to smoking relapse
      among PTSD smokers include negative affect, positive affect, attention, anxiety
      sensitivity, distress tolerance, and self-efficacy. Treatment implications as
      well as methodological advances that may be relevant to examining the proposed
      relapse model are discussed.

PMID- 18157880
TI  - Objective evidence of sleep disturbance in women with posttraumatic stress
      disorder.
AB  - Although sleep disturbance is considered a hallmark of posttraumatic stress
      disorder (PTSD), objective evidence for sleep disturbance in patients with PTSD
      has been equivocal. The goal of the current investigation was to objectively
      examine sleep disturbance among women with PTSD in their home environment. Women
      with PTSD (n = 30) and a control group (n = 22) completed three nights of
      actigraphy monitoring. Results from actigraphy indicated that women with PTSD had
      poorer sleep efficiency, increased sleep latency, and more restless sleep.
      Actigraphy measures were moderately correlated with self-report sleep-log data,
      but were unrelated to scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The current
      study provides evidence that women with PTSD have objectively measured sleep
      disturbance in their normal environment at home. Disturbed sleep may have
      important implications for the health and well-being of individuals with PTSD.

PMID- 18157881
TI  - Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor-davidson Resilience Scale (CD
      RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience.
AB  - Resilience refers to an individual's ability to thrive despite adversity. The
      current study examined the psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson
      Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Three undergraduate samples (ns < 500) were used to
      determine the factor structure of the CD-RISC. The first two samples were used to
      conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and the third was used for
      confirmatory factor analysis. The EFA showed that the CD-RISC had an unstable
      factor structure across two demographically equivalent samples. A series of
      empirically driven modifications was made, resulting in a 10-item unidimensional
      scale that demonstrated good internal consistency and construct validity.
      Overall, the 10-item CD-RISC displays excellent psychometric properties and
      allows for efficient measurement of resilience.

PMID- 18157882
TI  - Posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms in soldiers returning from combat
      operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.
AB  - The purpose of the present research was to identify rates of posttraumatic stress
      and depressive symptoms in soldiers returning from war. During reintegration
      training, U.S. Army soldiers, who recently returned from a 12-month deployment to
      either Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom, n = 2,275) or Afghanistan (Operation
      Enduring Freedom, n = 1,814), completed study materials. Surveys assessed self
      reported levels of depression, posttraumatic stress, and life satisfaction.
      Results indicated that approximately 44% of soldiers who volunteered to
      participate self-reported clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms,
      posttraumatic stress symptoms, or both. Although assessing symptoms and not
      disorders, these results suggest a potentially high rate of mental health
      concerns in soldiers immediately after returning from a combat zone. Further
      research should examine the utility of broad scale interventions.

PMID- 18157883
TI  - Appearance-related residual injury, posttraumatic stress, and body image:
      Associations within a sample of female victims of intimate partner violence.
AB  - One third of women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) receive some
      form of injury. After acute injuries have healed, a victim's physical appearance
      may be altered with residual changes including marks or scars. This study
      included 56 female victims of IPV (31 with appearance-related residual injury and
      a comparison group of 25 with no appearance-related residual injury) and examined
      the associations between violence-related experiences, body image distress, and
      symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Appearance-related residual
      injury status moderated the relationship between body image distress and symptoms
      of PTSD. In addition, within the appearance-related residual injury group, body
      image distress emerged a unique predictor of PTSD explaining incremental variance
      beyond that explained by severity of psychological maltreatment.

PMID- 18157884
TI  - Contrasting approaches to psychological screening with U.S. combat soldiers.
AB  - Psychological screening can be conducted using global screens, single items,
      symptom-based scales, or composite measures. These four different approaches were
      evaluated against structured clinical interviews in studies with U.S. soldiers
      preparing to deploy and returning from combat operations in Iraq. Three samples
      (N = 337, N = 574, and N = 348) were screened to assess the effectiveness of a
      short global measure of distress, a single self-referral item, symptom-specific
      scales selected for the target population, and a composite instrument that
      included a combination of clinical domains. A composite screen with measures of
      posttraumatic stress, depression, and alcohol problems, along with a single self
      referral item, performed most effectively.

PMID- 18157885
TI  - Correlates of mental health services utilization 18 months and almost 4 years
      postdisaster among adults with mental health problems.
AB  - The authors assess the correlates of mental health services utilization (MHS)
      after a disaster among adults with mental health problems. Data of a three-wave
      longitudinal study among adult survivors of a fireworks disaster (T1: 2-3 weeks,
      T2: 18 months, T3: almost 4 years postdisaster) were linked with their electronic
      medical records (N = 649). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that
      triple comorbidity of PTSD and high levels of anxiety and depression symptoms
      were positively associated with self-reported MHS utilization at T2 (n = 270) and
      T3 (n = 216). Private insurance, predisaster psychological problems, and
      relocation were associated with MHS utilization at T2 while female gender, being
      single, and migrant status was associated with MHS utilization at T3. Receiving
      treatment at T2 was positively associated with receiving treatment at T3, as
      opposed to medium optimism at T2.

PMID- 18157886
TI  - Lifetime exposure to potentially traumatic events in a sample of alcohol
      dependent patients in Poland.
AB  - Recent studies show a high prevalence of traumatic events in samples of patients
      with a substance use disorder. In the present study, the lifetime exposure to
      potentially traumatic events (PTEs) was estimated in a sample of 458 patients
      recruited at 17 randomly chosen alcohol-dependence treatment units in the public
      healthcare sector in Poland. Eighty percent of the patients reported a history of
      at least one potentially traumatic event. Sixty percent of them reported
      experiencing more than one probable trauma. However, only the patients who
      experienced physical assault reported worse clinical severity in posttraumatic
      stress and alcohol-use related symptomatology. The findings confirm the
      importance of trauma assessment in alcohol-dependent patients and the inclusion
      of trauma-related issues in the treatment of alcohol dependence.

PMID- 18157887
TI  - Subjective well being of adolescents in boarding schools under threat of war.
AB  - How is subjective well being (SWB) of adolescents in boarding schools affected by
      threatened war, and related to perceived social support, self-control skills, and
      self-efficacy beliefs? Five hundred sixty-seven adolescents in five Israeli
      boarding schools completed questionnaires before the 2003 Iraq war. As expected,
      participants' fear of war affected SWB, and adolescents with high social support
      and self-control reported better SWB than low-scoring counterparts. Unexpectedly,
      self-efficacy regarding effective coping with upcoming war was unrelated to SWB.
      However, self-efficacy moderated links between social support and two SWB
      components (positive affect, life satisfaction). High-efficacy participants
      showed positive support-SWB correlations, whereas low-efficacy participants
      showed none. Findings highlighted personal resources as maintaining adolescents'
      SWB in boarding schools even under extreme stress.

PMID- 18157888
TI  - Pharmacotherapy to prevent PTSD: Results from a randomized controlled proof-of
      concept trial in physically injured patients.
AB  - Acute physical injury is frequently associated with mental health sequelae, which
      then accentuate disability and worsen functional outcomes. A pharmacological
      prevention approach to this problem has been proposed. This proof-of-concept
      study was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of 14 days of the beta
      blocker propranolol (n = 17), the anxiolytic anticonvulsant gabapentin (n = 14),
      or placebo (n = 17), administered within 48 hours of injury to patients admitted
      to a surgical trauma center. Of 569 accessible, potentially eligible subjects, 48
      (8%) participated. Outcomes assessments were conducted at 1, 4, and 8 months
      postinjury. Although well tolerated, neither study drug showed a significant
      benefit over placebo on depressive or posttraumatic stress symptoms. Implications
      are discussed for future pharmacological prevention studies in survivors of acute
      traumatic injury.

PMID- 18157889
TI  - Parental response and adolescent adjustment to the September 11, 2001 terrorist
      attacks.
AB  - This study examined adolescents' adjustment following the attacks of September
      11, 2001 (9/11). A Web-based survey was administered 2 weeks and 7 months
      postattacks to a national sample of adolescents (N = 104). A randomly selected
      parent also completed a survey at the 7-month assessment. Although exposure to
      the attacks was indirect, over half the participants felt threatened.
      Adolescents' posttraumatic stress symptoms were associated with their acute
      stress symptoms, parental distress, parental coping advice, parental availability
      to discuss the attacks, and reports that 9/11-related discussions were unhelpful.
      Adolescents' distress symptoms were associated with a history of mental health
      problems, acute stress symptoms, and parental unavailability to discuss the
      attacks.

PMID- 18157890
TI  - The relationship between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder
      in injured children.
AB  - This study indexed the relationship between acute stress disorder (ASD) and
      subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in injured children. Consecutive
      children between 7-13 years admitted to a hospital after traumatic injury (n =
      76) were assessed for ASD. Children were followed up 6-months posttrauma (n =
      62), and administered the PTSD Reaction Index. Acute stress disorder was
      diagnosed in 10% of patients, and 13% satisfied criteria for PTSD. At 6-months
      posttrauma, PTSD was diagnosed in 25% of patients who were diagnosed with ASD.
      Acute stress reactions that did not include dissociation provided better
      prediction of PTSD than full ASD criteria. These findings suggest that the
      current ASD diagnosis is not optimal in identifying younger children who are high
      risk for PTSD development.

PMID- 18157891
TI  - Anger, hostility, and aggression among Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans
      reporting PTSD and subthreshold PTSD.
AB  - Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans were grouped by level of posttraumatic stress
      disorder (PTSD) symptomatology and compared on self-report measures of trait
      anger, hostility, and aggression. Veterans who screened positive for PTSD
      reported significantly greater anger and hostility than those in the subthreshold
      PTSD and non-PTSD groups. Veterans in the subthreshold-PTSD group reported
      significantly greater anger and hostility than those in the non-PTSD group. The
      PTSD and subthreshold-PTSD groups did not differ with respect to aggression,
      though both groups were significantly more likely to have endorsed aggression
      than the non-PTSD group. These findings suggest that providers should screen for
      anger and aggression among Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans who exhibit symptoms
      of PTSD and incorporate relevant anger treatments into early intervention
      strategies.

PMID- 18157892
TI  - Domains of quality of life and symptoms in male veterans treated for
      posttraumatic stress disorder.
AB  - This study examined the relationship between domains of quality of life and
      posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in 319 male veterans in a
      randomized trial of group psychotherapy. Confirmatory factor analyses suggested a
      4-factor model of quality of life (achievement, self-expression, relationships,
      and surroundings) fit better than a unidimensional model. Clinically meaningful
      symptom change was associated with greater change in all quality of life domains.
      At pretreatment, numbing symptoms uniquely predicted all quality of life domains.
      Change in avoidance and hyperarousal uniquely predicted change in achievement.
      Change in reexperiencing uniquely predicted change in self-expression. Change in
      numbing uniquely predicted change in relationships. Examining change in PTSD
      symptoms and quality of life domains may provide important information for
      treatment planning and evaluation.

PMID- 18157893
TI  - Trauma coping strategies and psychological distress: A meta-analysis.
AB  - The identification of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies following
      traumatic events has been the subject of much scientific inquiry. The current
      study sought through meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between the use
      of approach and avoidance strategies (both problem-focused and emotion/cognitive
      focused) following trauma and psychological distress. Thirty-nine studies of
      coping following two types of traumatic events (interpersonal violence and severe
      injury) were retained in the meta-analysis. There was a consistent association
      between avoidance coping and distress, overall r = .37, but no association
      between approach coping and distress, overall r = -.03, but some important
      moderators existed. Implications of the results for future research regarding
      coping and trauma recovery are discussed.

PMID- 18157894
TI  - The role of panic attacks in acute stress disorder in children.
AB  - This study examined the role of peritraumatic panic symptoms during trauma in
      childhood acute stress. Children (N = 60) who had suffered traumatic injury were
      administered the Child Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire, the Child Depression
      Inventory, and the Physical Reactions Scale to index panic attacks that occurred
      during the trauma. Panic attacks were experienced during their trauma by 100% of
      participants with acute stress reactions and 24% of participants without stress
      reactions. Panic attacks during trauma accounted for 28% of the variance of acute
      stress reactions, with an additional variance accounted for by age, time since
      the accident, and dysphoria. These findings are discussed in terms of fear
      conditioning models of posttraumatic stress.

PMID- 18157895
TI  - Axon tracing in the adult rat optic nerve and tract after intravitreal injection
      of MnDPDP using a semiautomatic segmentation technique.
AB  - PURPOSE: To develop and validate an objective technique for 3D segmentation of
      manganese-enhanced MR images of the optic nerve/tract (ON) in adult rats to
      improve contrast-to-noise (CNR) calculations and use the technique to ascertain
      if manganese dipyridoxyl diphosphate (MnDPDP) gives sufficient Mn(2+) enhancement
      compared to MnCl(2) when used for functional imaging of the visual pathway.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intravitreous injection of the manganese-releasing MR
      contrast agent MnDPDP (30 nmol Mn(2+)) was performed to trace the ON in adult
      rats (n = 4). A positive control group of rats (n = 5) received a standard
      preparation of MnCl(2) (200 nmol Mn(2+)), while gadodiamide (1500 nmol Gd(3+))
      was administered in negative control rats (n = 2). An objective technique for 3D
      segmentation of the enhanced ON was developed. CNR profiles along the ON were
      calculated by resampling the 3D image-volume in 2D planes perpendicular to the
      Mn(2+) enhanced ON in 0.2 mm steps, 4 mm along the segmented ON measured from the
      lamina cribrosa. RESULTS: The ON was successfully segmented and CNR calculated
      accurately within 2 minutes in a representative 3D MR image volume. Intravitreal
      MnDPDP injection resulted in significant MRI contrast enhancement of the retina
      and ON after 12-24 hours similar to that of MnCl(2) injection. CONCLUSION: 3D
      semiautomated image segmentation and the use of MnDPDP can improve in vivo axon
      tracing based on MRI. Mn(2+) was found to be released from MnDPDP after
      intravitreal injection in sufficient amounts to obtain functional tracing of the
      adult rat primary visual pathway.

PMID- 18157896
TI  - Double common bile duct: curved-planar reformatted computed tomography (CT) and
      gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MR cholangiography.
AB  - We present the case of a 61-year-old female with double common bile duct (CBD)
      with an opening into the lesser curvature of the stomach. We discuss the role of
      curved-planar reformatted computed tomography (CT) and gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd
      BOPTA)-enhanced T1-weighted MRI in confirming the diagnosis of this uncommon
      disease.

PMID- 18157898
TI  - Feasibility of fluid volume conductance to assess bladder volume.
AB  - AIM: Ambulatory urodynamics has the potential to provide measurements of bladder
      function during activities of daily living; however, no method of real-time
      continuous bladder volume measurement exists. The present study was conducted to
      determine the feasibility of using fluid volume conductance to continuously
      assess bladder volume. METHODS: Prototype devices consisted of four electrodes
      mounted on a polymer body. Each was tested in an in vitro organ bath system using
      latex vessels filled to 500 ml with saline matching the conductivity of urine.
      One device was selected and used to test the effects of fluid concentration (25%,
      50%, 100%, 200%, and 400% physiological saline) in latex vessels as well as the
      effects of fluid concentration (25%, 50%, 100%, 200%, and 400% Tyrodes solution)
      and temperature (32, 37, and 42 degrees C) in excised pig bladders. RESULTS:
      Conductance demonstrated a linear increase at low volumes but approached an
      asymptotic value at high volumes. Conductivity increased with increased
      temperature or concentration. With the exception of the differences between 25%
      and 50% concentrations, 32 degrees C and 37 degrees C, and 37 degrees C and 42
      degrees C temperatures, each concentration and temperature produced statistically
      different conductance measurements from all others. CONCLUSIONS: The conductance
      method is sensitive to changes in both concentration and temperature of the
      intravesical solution, likely due to changes in solution conductivity. Clinical
      application of conductance for measurement of bladder volume will require real
      time conductivity compensation for the dynamically varying properties of urine.
      However, improved sensitivity at high volumes is necessary before this method has
      the potential to provide real-time bladder volume measurement for use in
      ambulatory urodynamics.

PMID- 18157900
TI  - Altered axial skeletal development.
AB  - The axial skeleton is routinely examined in standard developmental toxicity
      bioassays and has proven to be sensitive to a wide variety of chemical agents.
      Dysmorphogenesis in the skull, vertebral column and ribs has been described in
      both human populations and in laboratory animals used to assess potential adverse
      developmental effects. This article emphasizes vertebrae and rib anomalies both
      spontaneous and agent induced. Topics discussed include the morphology of the
      more common effects; incidences in both human and experimental animal
      populations; the types of anomalies induced in the axial skeleton by methanol,
      boric acid, valproic acid and others; the postnatal persistence of common
      skeletal anomalies; and the genetic control of the development of the axial
      skeleton. Tables of the spontaneous incidence of axial anomalies in both humans
      and animals are provided.

PMID- 18157901
TI  - Alternative experimental approaches for interpreting skeletal findings in safety
      studies.
AB  - Standard evaluations for characterizing selective developmental toxicity are
      traditionally undertaken in vivo. These studies incur significant cost in animal
      use, labor and compound, ultimately limiting the selection of compounds that can
      be evaluated in vivo. Such limitations hinder the ability to address questions
      regarding whether teratogenic outcome was caused by intended pharmacology or
      attributed to off-target effects associated with the structure of the small
      molecule. Ascertaining a better understanding of the published literature can
      enhance interpretation of existing in vivo datasets and hypotheses regarding
      critical windows of sensitivity and underlying mechanisms of teratogenicity.
      Thoughtful execution of investigative in vivo and in vitro studies can test and
      further define the underlying mechanism of teratogenicity. Skeletal variations
      and malformations are frequently encountered in in vivo studies and can be
      difficult to interpret in context of defining hazard assessment and mechanisms of
      abnormal development. This commentary reviews how investigative approaches can be
      integrated to better understand teratogenic mechanism as it pertains compounds
      that produce skeletal abnormalities. Approaches are discussed in context of how
      they could be used to study a compound that has been found to produce fused and
      wavy ribs in rat fetuses. An investigative approach is described that utilizes
      three strategies: 1) maximizing the data available from in vivo studies; 2)
      performing critical window studies in vivo; and 3) performing mechanism of action
      evaluations using gene expression studies and developmental model systems.

PMID- 18157902
TI  - Skeletal malformations and variations in developmental toxicity studies:
      interpretation issues for human risk assessment.

PMID- 18157903
TI  - Interpretation of skeletal variations for human risk assessment: delayed
      ossification and wavy ribs.
AB  - Delayed (or incomplete) ossification of developing fetal bones and wavy ribs are
      some of the most common skeletal variations encountered in regulatory guideline
      developmental toxicity studies. Although they tend to be regarded as minor
      effects, they can be quite sensitive and consequently may influence the study
      lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels (LOAELs), and thus, impact classification,
      labeling, and risk assessment. In this study, we review the underlying mechanisms
      of these skeletal variations, evaluate different scenarios in which they have
      been observed, offer guidance for their interpretation, and comment on their use
      for risk assessment. Both minor delays in ossification and wavy ribs seem to be
      readily repairable via postnatal skeletal remodeling, are not mechanistically
      linked to malformation, and often are seen in the presence of maternal or fetal
      toxicity. As such, these minor variations would not generally be considered
      adverse in and of themselves but should be interpreted in the context of other
      maternal and fetal findings, information available on normal skeletogenesis
      patterns, mode of action of the test agent, and historical control incidence
      using a weight of evidence approach.

PMID- 18157906
TI  - Axoneme specialization embedded in a "generalist" beta-tubulin.
AB  - The relationship between the primary structure of the beta-tubulin C-terminal
      tail (CTT) and axoneme structure and function is explored using the
      spermatogenesis-specific beta2-tubulin of Drosophila. We previously showed that
      all beta-tubulins used for motile 9 + 2 axonemes contain a conserved sequence
      motif in the proximal part of the CTT, the beta-tubulin axoneme motif. The
      differential ability of tubulin isoforms and abilities of beta2-tubulin C
      terminal truncations to form axonemes led us to hypothesize that the axoneme
      motif is essential for axoneme formation and the distal half of the CTT was less
      important. The studies we report here indicate that it is not that simple.
      Unexpectedly, some changes in the core sequence of the axoneme motif did not
      disrupt formation of motile axonemes. And, while deletion of the distal CTT did
      not disrupt the ability to produce functional sperm [Popodi et al., Cell Motil
      Cytoskeleton 2005;62:48-64], changing the amino acid sequence in this region can.
      Thus both regions are important. The deep conservation of the axoneme motif in
      all eukaryotic groups implies that the presence of the sequence motif confers a
      functional advantage. The central pair is the axoneme structure most sensitive to
      perturbations in tubulin molecules; we hypothesize central pair assembly is
      facilitated by the presence of this motif. Our data reveal that beta2-tubulin has
      robust properties for axoneme assembly, and that axonemal specializations are
      embedded in both the CTT and the body of the beta2 molecule.

PMID- 18157907
TI  - Building a radial spoke: flagellar radial spoke protein 3 (RSP3) is a dimer.
AB  - Radial spokes are critical multisubunit structures required for normal ciliary
      and eukaryotic flagellar motility. Experimental evidence indicates the radial
      spokes are mechanochemical transducers that transmit signals from the central
      pair apparatus to the outer doublet microtubules for local control of dynein
      activity. Recently, progress has been made in identifying individual components
      of the radial spoke, yet little is known about how the radial spoke is assembled
      or how it performs in signal transduction. Here we focus on radial spoke protein
      3 (RSP3), a highly conserved AKAP located at the base of the radial spoke stalk
      and required for radial spoke assembly on the doublet microtubules. Biochemical
      approaches were taken to further explore the functional role of RSP3 within the
      radial spoke structure and for control of motility. Chemical crosslinking, native
      gel electrophoresis, and epitope-tagged RSP3 proteins established that RSP3 forms
      a dimer. Analysis of truncated RSP3 proteins indicates the dimerization domain
      coincides with the previously characterized axoneme binding domain in the N
      terminus. We propose a model in which each radial spoke structure is built on an
      RSP3 dimer, and indicating that each radial spoke can potentially localize
      multiple PKAs or AKAP-binding proteins in position to control dynein activity and
      flagellar motility.

PMID- 18157899
TI  - Molecular basis for skeletal variation: insights from developmental genetic
      studies in mice.
AB  - Skeletal variations are common in humans, and potentially are caused by genetic
      as well as environmental factors. We here review molecular principles in skeletal
      development to develop a knowledge base of possible alterations that could
      explain variations in skeletal element number, shape or size. Environmental
      agents that induce variations, such as teratogens, likely interact with the
      molecular pathways that regulate skeletal development.

PMID- 18157908
TI  - Trichloroethylene: Parkinsonism and complex 1 mitochondrial neurotoxicity.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze a cluster of 30 industrial coworkers with Parkinson's
      disease and parkinsonism subjected to long-term (8-33 years) chronic exposure to
      trichloroethylene. METHODS: Neurological evaluations were conducted on the 30
      coworkers, including a general physical and neurological examination and the
      Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. In addition, fine motor speed was
      quantified and an occupational history survey was administered. Next, animal
      studies were conducted to determine whether trichloroethylene exposure is
      neurotoxic to the nigrostriatal dopamine system that degenerates in Parkinson's
      disease. The experiments specifically analyzed complex 1 mitochondrial
      neurotoxicity because this is a mechanism of action of other known environmental
      dopaminergic neurotoxins. RESULTS: The three workers with workstations adjacent
      to the trichloroethylene source and subjected to chronic inhalation and dermal
      exposure from handling trichloroethylene-soaked metal parts had Parkinson's
      disease. Coworkers more distant from the trichloroethylene source, receiving
      chronic respiratory exposure, displayed many features of parkinsonism, including
      significant motor slowing. Neurotoxic actions of trichloroethylene were
      demonstrated in accompanying animal studies showing that oral administration of
      trichloroethylene for 6 weeks instigated selective complex 1 mitochondrial
      impairment in the midbrain with concomitant striatonigral fiber degeneration and
      loss of dopamine neurons. INTERPRETATION: Trichloroethylene, used extensively in
      industry and the military and a common environmental contaminant, joins other
      mitochondrial neurotoxins, MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)
      and some pesticides, as a risk factor for parkinsonism.

PMID- 18157910
TI  - Adolescent depression: diagnosis, treatment, and educational attainment.
AB  - In this paper, I use nationally representative longitudinal data to examine
      adolescent depression and educational attainment. First, I examine the
      individual, family, and community-level determinants of adolescent depression,
      diagnosis, and treatment. I find that male and minority adolescents who score
      high on depression scales are less likely to be diagnosed as depressed or receive
      treatment than female and non-Hispanic white adolescents. Additionally, I find
      several community-level variables to be important determinants of depression,
      diagnosis, and treatment. Second, I examine the importance of adolescent
      depression for educational attainment. Although it is uncontroversial to expect a
      negative relationship, most previous research uses cross-sectional data, making
      it difficult to adequately determine the magnitude of the effect. I find that
      depressive symptoms are related to educational attainment along multiple margins:
      dropping out of high school, college enrollment, and college type. These
      relationships are only found for adolescent females, and there are several
      interesting results across income groups. Overall, these findings suggest that
      further attempts to diagnose and treat adolescents with depressive symptoms are
      needed and that additional treatment options may be required to combat the
      important relationship between adolescent depression and human capital
      accumulation for females.

PMID- 18157909
TI  - Neuropathological basis of magnetic resonance images in aging and dementia.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is used widely for assessment of
      patients with cognitive impairment, but the pathological correlates are unclear,
      especially when multiple pathologies are present. METHODS: This report includes
      93 subjects from a longitudinally followed cohort recruited for the study of
      Alzheimer's disease (AD) and subcortical cerebrovascular disease (CVD). MR images
      were analyzed to quantify cortical gray matter volume, hippocampal volume, white
      matter hyperintensities, and lacunes. Neuropathological examination quantified
      CVD parenchymal pathology, AD pathology (defined as Consortium to Establish a
      Registry for Alzheimer's Disease scores and Braak and Braak stage), and
      hippocampal sclerosis. Subjects were pathologically classified as 12 healthy
      control subjects, 46 AD, 14 CVD, 9 mixed AD/CVD, and 12 cognitively impaired
      patients without significant AD/CVD pathology. Multivariate models tested
      associations between magnetic resonance and pathological findings across the
      entire sample. RESULTS: Pathological correlates of cortical gray matter volume
      were AD, subcortical vascular pathology, and arteriosclerosis. Hippocampal volume
      was related to AD pathology and hippocampal sclerosis, and the effects of
      hippocampal sclerosis were greater for subjects with low levels of AD pathology.
      White matter hyperintensities were related to age and to white matter pathology.
      Number of MRI lacunes was related to subcortical vascular pathology.
      INTERPRETATION: In this clinical setting, the presence of lacunes and white
      matter changes provide a good signal for vascular disease. The neuropathological
      basis of MR defined cerebral cortical and hippocampal atrophy in aging and
      dementia is complex, with several pathological processes converging on similar
      brain structures that mediate cognitive decline.

PMID- 18157911
TI  - Hospital financial condition and the quality of patient care.
AB  - Concerns about deficiencies in the quality of care delivered in US hospitals grew
      during a time period when an increasing number of hospitals were experiencing
      financial problems. Our study examines a six-year longitudinal database of
      general acute care hospitals in 11 states to assess the relationship between
      hospital financial condition and quality of care. We evaluate two measures of
      financial performance: operating margin and a broader profitability measure that
      encompasses both operating and non-operating sources of income. Our model
      specification allows for gradual adjustments in quality-enhancing activities and
      recognizes that current realizations of patient quality may affect future
      financial performance. Empirical results suggest that there is a relationship
      between financial performance and quality of care, but not as strong as suggested
      in earlier research. Overall, our results suggest that deep financial problems
      that go beyond the patient care side of business may be important to prompting
      quality problems.

PMID- 18157912
TI  - Hospital management in the context of health sector reform: a planning model in
      Ethiopia.
AB  - Through health sector reform in developing countries, Ministries of Health have
      sought to enhance health care through greater community governance and improved
      management effectiveness in their public hospitals. In this paper, we present a
      partnership-mentoring model for enhancing management capacity that has been
      piloted in Ethiopia and may be useful in other developing countries. The model
      included needs assessment and baseline evaluation using a hospital management
      indicator checklist, deployment of 24 Fellows (US and international hospital
      administrators) for 1 year to work as mentors with hospital management teams in
      14 Ethiopian hospitals, continuing didactic and practical training in quality
      improvement methods for hospital management teams, and 24 management improvement
      projects to be completed during the year with plans for replication more broadly
      as appropriate. Surveys of Fellows and Ethiopian managers within the first
      quarter of onsite activity found high levels of trust in one another's abilities
      and intent to implement changes. The partnership-mentoring model promotes
      sustainability and may provide other countries with approaches for improving the
      quality of hospital care through improved hospital management.

PMID- 18157913
TI  - Measuring the regret of bereaved family members regarding the decision to admit
      cancer patients to palliative care units.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to develop a bereaved family regret
      scale measuring decision-related regret of family members about the admission of
      cancer patients to palliative care units (PCUs) and to examine the validity and
      reliability of this scale. METHOD: Bereaved families of cancer patients who had
      died in one regional cancer center from September 2004 to February 2006 received
      a cross-sectional questionnaire by mail. The questionnaire contained seven items
      pertaining to decision-related regret about the patient's admission to the PCU,
      the Care Evaluation Scale (CES), an overall care satisfaction scale, and a health
      related quality-of-life (QOL) scale (SF-8). One month after receiving a completed
      questionnaire, we conducted a retest with the respondent. RESULTS: Of the 216
      questionnaires successfully mailed to the bereaved families, we received 137
      questionnaires and were able to analyze the responses for 127 of them, as the
      other 10 had missing data. By exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor
      analysis, we identified two key factors: intrusive thoughts of regret and
      decisional regret. This scale had sufficient convergent validity with CES,
      overall care satisfaction, SF-8, sufficient internal consistency, and acceptable
      test-retest reliability. CONCLUSION: We have developed and validated a new regret
      scale for bereaved family members, which can measure their intensity of regret
      and their self-evaluation about their decision to admit their loved ones to PCUs.

PMID- 18157914
TI  - Thyroid metastasis in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma: case report and
      review of literature.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Despite the apparent low incidence of cancer metastatic to the
      thyroid, autopsy and clinical series suggest it is more common than generally.
      Although lung, renal, and breast cancer are probably the most common primary
      sites, a number of cancers have been reported to metastasize to the thyroid
      synchronously with diagnosis of primary tumor or years after apparently curative
      treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a rare case of a hepatocellular carcinoma
      metasatic to the thyroid. The patient presented seven months after original
      diagnosis and treatment with hepatic lobectomy with multiple neck lesions
      producing a mass effect on the trachea and bilateral lymphadenopathy. Fine-needle
      aspiration revealed highly anaplastic carcinoma, and immunohistochemistry
      confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient received total thyroidectomy as
      palliative therapy because of the presence of multiple recurrent lesions in the
      liver. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should consider the possibility of metastatic
      cancer in each patient who presents with a new thyroid mass, especially those
      with a history of cancer, however remote. In cases where cytology or histology is
      not diagnostic, immunohistochemistry may be definitive in making the diagnosis.

PMID- 18157915
TI  - On the role of transforming growth factor-beta in the growth inhibitory effects
      of retinoic acid in human pancreatic cancer cells.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Retinoids are potent growth inhibitory and differentiating agents in
      a variety of cancer cell types. We have shown that retinoids induce growth arrest
      in all pancreatic cancer cell lines studied, regardless of their p53 and
      differentiation status. However, the mechanism of growth inhibition is not known.
      Since TGF-beta2 is markedly induced by retinoids in other cancers and mediates
      MUC4 expression in pancreatic cancer cells, we investigated the role of TGF-beta
      in retinoic acid-mediated growth inhibition in pancreatic cancer cells. RESULTS:
      Retinoic acid markedly inhibited proliferation of two cell lines (Capan-2 and
      Hs766T) in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Retinoic acid increased TGF
      beta2 mRNA content and secretion of the active and latent forms of TGF-beta2
      (measured by ELISA and bioassay). The concentrations of active and TGF-beta2
      secreted in response to 0.1 - 10 muM retinoic acid were between 1-5 pM. TGF-beta2
      concentrations within this range also inhibited proliferation. A TGF-beta
      neutralizing antibody blocked the growth inhibitory effects of retinoic acid in
      Capan-2 cells and partially inhibitory the effects in Hs766T cells. CONCLUSION:
      These findings indicate that TGF-beta can cause growth inhibition of pancreatic
      cancer cells, in a p53-independent manner. Furthermore, it demonstrates the
      fundamental role of TGF-beta in growth inhibition in response to retinoic acid
      treatment is preserved in vitro.

PMID- 18157916
TI  - Evaluating deterministic motif significance measures in protein databases.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Assessing the outcome of motif mining algorithms is an essential
      task, as the number of reported motifs can be very large. Significance measures
      play a central role in automatically ranking those motifs, and therefore
      alleviating the analysis work. Spotting the most interesting and relevant motifs
      is then dependent on the choice of the right measures. The combined use of
      several measures may provide more robust results. However caution has to be taken
      in order to avoid spurious evaluations. RESULTS: From the set of conducted
      experiments, it was verified that several of the selected significance measures
      show a very similar behavior in a wide range of situations therefore providing
      redundant information. Some measures have proved to be more appropriate to rank
      highly conserved motifs, while others are more appropriate for weakly conserved
      ones. Support appears as a very important feature to be considered for correct
      motif ranking. We observed that not all the measures are suitable for situations
      with poorly balanced class information, like for instance, when positive data is
      significantly less than negative data. Finally, a visualization scheme was
      proposed that, when several measures are applied, enables an easy identification
      of high scoring motifs. CONCLUSION: In this work we have surveyed and categorized
      14 significance measures for pattern evaluation. Their ability to rank three
      types of deterministic motifs was evaluated. Measures were applied in different
      testing conditions, where relations were identified. This study provides some
      pertinent insights on the choice of the right set of significance measures for
      the evaluation of deterministic motifs extracted from protein databases.

PMID- 18157917
TI  - Outdoor air pollution and emergency department visits for asthma among children
      and adults: a case-crossover study in northern Alberta, Canada.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Recent studies have observed positive associations between outdoor
      air pollution and emergency department (ED) visits for asthma. However, few have
      examined the possible confounding influence of aeroallergens, or reported
      findings among very young children. METHODS: A time stratified case-crossover
      design was used to examine 57,912 ED asthma visits among individuals two years of
      age and older in the census metropolitan area of Edmonton, Canada between April
      1, 1992 and March 31, 2002. Daily air pollution levels for the entire region were
      estimated from three fixed-site monitoring stations. Similarly, daily levels of
      aeroallergens were estimated using rotational impaction sampling methods for the
      period between 1996 and 2002. Odds ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence
      intervals were estimated using conditional logistic regression with adjustment
      for temperature, relative humidity and seasonal epidemics of viral related
      respiratory disease. RESULTS: Positive associations for asthma visits with
      outdoor air pollution levels were observed between April and September, but were
      absent during the remainder of the year. Effects were strongest among young
      children. Namely, an increase in the interquartile range of the 5-day average for
      NO2 and CO levels between April and September was associated with a 50% and 48%
      increase, respectively, in the number of ED visits among children 2 - 4 years of
      age (p < 0.05). Strong associations were also observed with these pollutants
      among those 75 years of age and older. Ozone and particulate matter were also
      associated with asthma visits. Air pollution risk estimates were largely
      unchanged after adjustment for aeroallergen levels. CONCLUSION: Our findings,
      taken together, suggest that exposure to ambient levels of air pollution is an
      important determinant of ED visits for asthma, particularly among young children
      and the elderly.

PMID- 18157918
TI  - Diverse roles of actin in C. elegans early embryogenesis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The actin cytoskeleton plays critical roles in early development in
      Caenorhabditis elegans. To further understand the complex roles of actin in early
      embryogenesis we use RNAi and in vivo imaging of filamentous actin (F-actin)
      dynamics. RESULTS: Using RNAi, we found processes that are differentially
      sensitive to levels of actin during early embryogenesis. Mild actin depletion
      shows defects in cortical ruffling, pseudocleavage, and establishment of
      polarity, while more severe depletion shows defects in polar body extrusion,
      cytokinesis, chromosome segregation, and eventually, egg production. These
      defects indicate that actin is required for proper oocyte development,
      fertilization, and a wide range of important events during early embryogenesis,
      including proper chromosome segregation. In vivo visualization of the cortical
      actin cytoskeleton shows dynamics that parallel but are distinct from the
      previously described myosin dynamics. Two distinct types of actin organization
      are observed at the cortex. During asymmetric polarization to the anterior, or
      the establishment phase (Phase I), actin forms a meshwork of microfilaments and
      focal accumulations throughout the cortex, while during the anterior maintenance
      phase (Phase II) it undergoes a morphological transition to asymmetrically
      localized puncta. The proper asymmetric redistribution is dependent on the PAR
      proteins, while both asymmetric redistribution and morphological transitions are
      dependent upon PFN-1 and NMY-2. Just before cytokinesis, actin disappears from
      most of the cortex and is only found around the presumptive cytokinetic furrow.
      Finally, we describe dynamic actin-enriched comets in the early embryo.
      CONCLUSION: During early C. elegans embryogenesis actin plays more roles and its
      organization is more dynamic than previously described. Morphological transitions
      of F-actin, from meshwork to puncta, as well as asymmetric redistribution, are
      regulated by the PAR proteins. Results from this study indicate new insights into
      the cellular and developmental roles of the actin cytoskeleton.

PMID- 18157919
TI  - Activation of the neurokinin-1 receptor by substance P triggers the release of
      substance P from cultured adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although substance P (SP) is an important primary afferent modulator
      in nociceptive processes, it is unclear whether SP regulates its own release from
      primary sensory neurons. RESULTS: Using a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for
      SP, we have demonstrated that the activation of neurokinin-1 receptor by SP or
      GR73632 (a potent neurokinin-1 receptor agonist) triggered an increase of SP
      release from cultured adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons depending on
      the dose and exposure time within 60 min, and thereafter, the SP release level
      gradually decreased over 360 min. Accompanying the SP release, a significant
      reduction in the percentage of neurons expressing neurokinin-1 receptor on their
      membranes during exposure to SP (200 pg/dish) occurred time dependently (56 +/-
      5% and 32 +/- 2% at 180 and 360 min, respectively). The GR73632-evoked (10 nM, 60
      min) SP release was attenuated by several inhibitors for mitogen-activated
      protein kinase kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and
      cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), protein kinase C (PKC), respectively. In contrast, a c
      Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitor increased the GR73632-evoked SP release.
      CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the neurokinin-1 receptor activation by
      its agonists regulates the SP release process involving the activation of MAP
      kinases, PKCs and COX-2 from cultured DRG neurons.

PMID- 18157920
TI  - Optimum sample size allocation to minimize cost or maximize power for the two
      sample trimmed mean test.
AB  - When planning a study, sample size determination is one of the most important
      tasks facing the researcher. The size will depend on the purpose of the study,
      the cost limitations, and the nature of the data. By specifying the standard
      deviation ratio and/or the sample size ratio, the present study considers the
      problem of heterogeneous variances and non-normality for Yuen's two-group test
      and develops sample size formulas to minimize the total cost or maximize the
      power of the test. For a given power, the sample size allocation ratio can be
      manipulated so that the proposed formulas can minimize the total cost, the total
      sample size, or the sum of total sample size and total cost. On the other hand,
      for a given total cost, the optimum sample size allocation ratio can maximize the
      statistical power of the test. After the sample size is determined, the present
      simulation applies Yuen's test to the sample generated, and then the procedure is
      validated in terms of Type I errors and power. Simulation results show that the
      proposed formulas can control Type I errors and achieve the desired power under
      the various conditions specified. Finally, the implications for determining
      sample sizes in experimental studies and future research are discussed.

PMID- 18157921
TI  - Cost effectiveness of duloxetine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral
      neuropathic pain in the UK.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness
      of duloxetine when considered as an additional treatment option for UK-based
      patients suffering from diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
      METHODS: A decision-analytic model was used to represent the sequential
      management of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. The standard UK
      treatment strategy was defined as first-line tricyclic antidepressants
      (amitriptyline), second-line anticonvulsants (gabapentin) and lastly an opioid
      related treatment. The cost-effectiveness of duloxetine was evaluated as an
      additional first, second, third or fourth-line therapy over a 6-month treatment
      period for a cohort of 1000 patients. Treatment response was modelled based on
      changes from baseline pain severity using a standard 11-point pain scale (0-10);
      full response (>or= 50% change), partial response (30-49%) and no response (<
      30%). The model was populated with efficacy and discontinuation data using
      indirect comparisons of treatment efficacy based on relative effects to a common
      placebo comparator. RESULTS: The second-line use of duloxetine resulted in cost
      savings of pound 77,071 for every 1000 treated patients, with an additional 29
      patients achieving a full pain response when compared to standard UK treatment.
      Additional quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were achieved at 1.88 QALYs per
      1000 patients. CONCLUSIONS: This UK-based economic model suggests that second
      line use of duloxetine is a beneficial and cost-effective treatment strategy for
      diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain.

PMID- 18157923
TI  - Civilization in spite of ourselves.

PMID- 18157922
TI  - Intrinsic cytotoxic effects of fluoroquinolones on human corneal keratocytes and
      endothelial cells.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the intrinsic cytotoxicity of five fluoroquinolones
      (ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin) on human
      corneal keratocytes (HCK) and human corneal endothelial cells (HCE). RESEARCH
      DESIGN AND METHODS: Cultures of replicating HCK and HCE were exposed to
      ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, or ofloxacin
      concentrations of 1 mg/mL, 100 microg/mL, 10 microg/mL, 1 microg/mL, 100 ng/mL,
      or 10 ng/mL for 15, 30, 60, or 240 min. Each of the 24 fluoroquinolone
      concentration-time exposures was tested against its own serum-free minimal
      essential medium (MEM) control. Cell number was quantified with a fluorescence
      bioassay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Cytotoxicity was defined as a significant (p <
      0.05) difference in cell number measured as mean calcein fluorescence product
      versus control for each fluoroquinolone concentration-time exposure. RESULTS:
      Fluoroquinolone-induced cytotoxicity was concentration- and time-dependent in HCK
      and HCE cultures. The number of cytotoxic concentration-time exposures was
      highest with ciprofloxacin (23 of 24 exposures in HCK and 24 of 24 exposures in
      HCE) and lowest with levofloxacin (10 of 24 exposures in both HCK and HCE).
      CONCLUSIONS: In vitro cell cultures are useful for evaluating cell response to
      potentially toxic insults, although cell cultures may lack tissue components that
      may prevent or ameliorate damage in vivo. In this assay, fluoroquinolones
      displayed the potential to be cytotoxic to human corneal keratocytes and
      endothelial cells, depending on drug concentration and duration of exposure. The
      potential for cytotoxicity may differ among fluoroquinolones.

PMID- 18157924
TI  - Spatial behavior analysis at the global level using fractal geometry.
AB  - Previous work has suggested that an estimate of fractal dimension can provide a
      useful metric for quantifying settlement patterns. This study uses fractal
      methods to investigate settlement patterns at a global scale showing that the
      scaling behavior of the pattern of the world's largest cities corresponds to that
      typically observed for coastlines and rivers. This serves to validate the use of
      fractal dimension as a scale-independent measure of settlement patterns which can
      be correlated with other physical features. Such a measure may be a useful
      validation criterion for models of human settlement and spatial behavior.

PMID- 18157925
TI  - The fractal city theory revisited: new empirical evidence from the distribution
      of Romanian cities and towns.
AB  - Some of the main ideas of the fractal city theory are briefly reviewed, and their
      applicability is tested for the medium and small-size Romanian urban settlements.
      The universality of Zipf law for cities and towns distribution is proved once
      again and a stochastic master equation is proposed in order to explain the
      empirical distribution. The urban structure of Bucharest is investigated as an
      example of medium-size city formed by merging some independent poles of growth.
      The Central Places Theory is found to be in disagreement with the real urban
      structure. Instead, the diffusion-limited aggregation and self-organized
      criticality mechanisms are investigated by means of some numerical simulations
      and are found to fit better the urban perimeter growth.

PMID- 18157926
TI  - Dynamics of a discrete population model for extinction and sustainability in
      ancient civilizations.
AB  - We analyze a discrete version of a recently developed ratio dependent population
      resource model. This model has been used to study the decline of the human and
      resource populations on Easter Island and the chaotic dynamics of moose and wolf
      populations in Canada. The dynamical system exhibits a rich behavior of fractal
      basins of attraction and a Neimark-Sacker bifurcation route to chaos. The model
      consists of a coupled pair of logistic equations, with the carrying capacity for
      the predators proportional to the number of prey.

PMID- 18157927
TI  - Prey-producing predators: the ecology of human intensification.
AB  - Economic growth theory and theoretical ecology represent independent traditions
      of modeling aggregate consumer-resource systems. Both focus on different but
      equally important forces underlying the dynamics of human societies. Though the
      two traditions have unknowingly converged in some ways, they each have curious
      conventions from the perspective of the other. These conventions are reviewed,
      and two separate modeling frameworks that integrate the two traditions in a
      simple and straightforward fashion are developed and analyzed. The resulting
      models represent a consumer species (e.g. humans) that both produces and consumes
      its resources and then reproduces biologically according to the consumption of
      its resources. Depending on the balance between production, consumption, and
      reproduction, the models can exhibit stagnant behavior, like some predator-prey
      models, or growth, like many mutualism and economic growth models. When growth
      occurs, in the long term it takes one of two forms. Either resources per capita
      grow and the human population size converges to a constant, which may be zero, or
      resources per capita converge to a constant and the human population grows. The
      difference depends on initial conditions and the particular mix of biological
      conditions and human technology.

PMID- 18157928
TI  - Dynamics of attitudes and genetic processes.
AB  - Relatively new discoveries of a genetic component to attitudes have challenged
      the traditional viewpoint that attitudes are primarily learned ideas and
      behaviors. Attitudes that are regarded by respondents as "more important" tend to
      have greater genetic components to them, and tend to be more closely associated
      with authoritarianism. Nonlinear theories, nonetheless, have also been introduced
      to study attitude change. The objective of this study was to determine whether
      change in authoritarian attitudes across two generations would be more aptly
      described by a linear or a nonlinear model. Participants were 372 college
      students, their mothers, and their fathers who completed an attitude
      questionnaire. Results indicated that the nonlinear model (R2 = .09) was slightly
      better than the linear model (R2 = .08), but the two models offered very
      different forecasts for future generations of US society. The linear model
      projected a gradual and continuing bifurcation between authoritarians and non
      authoritarians. The nonlinear model projected a stabilization of authoritarian
      attitudes.

PMID- 18157929
TI  - Violent societies: an application of orbital decomposition to the problem of
      human violence.
AB  - This study uses orbital decomposition to analyze the patterns of how governments
      lose their monopolies on violence, therefore allowing those societies to descend
      into violent states from which it is difficult to recover. The nonlinear
      progression by which the governing body loses its monopoly is based on the work
      of criminologist Lonnie Athens and applied from the individual to the societal
      scale. Four different kinds of societies are considered: Those where the
      governing body is both unwilling and unable to assert its monopoly on violence
      (former Yugoslavia); where it is unwilling (Peru); where it is unable (South
      Africa); and a smaller pocket of violent society within a larger, more stable one
      (Gujarat). In each instance, orbital decomposition turns up insights not apparent
      in the qualitative data or through linear statistical analysis, both about the
      nature of the descent into violence and about the progression itself.

PMID- 18157930
TI  - Biophilic fractals and the visual journey of organic screen-savers.
AB  - Computers have led to the remarkable popularity of mathematically-generated
      fractal patterns. Fractals have also assumed a rapidly expanding role as an art
      form. Due to their growing impact on cultures around the world and their
      prevalence in nature, fractals constitute a central feature of our daily visual
      experiences throughout our lives. This intimate association raises a crucial
      question - does exposure to fractals have a positive impact on our mental and
      physical condition? This question raises the opportunity for readers of this
      journal to have some visual fun. Each year a different nonlinear inspired artist
      is featured on the front cover of the journal. This year, Scott Draves's fractal
      art works continues this tradition. In May 2007, we selected twenty of Draves's
      artworks and invited readers to vote for their favorites from this selection. The
      most popular images will feature on the front covers this year. In this article,
      we discuss fractal aesthetics and Draves's remarkable images.

PMID- 18157931
TI  - Art feature for 2008: electric sheep.
AB  - The cover designs are still images from the Electric Sheep, a distributed screen
      saver that harnesses idle computers into a render farm with the purpose of
      animating and evolving artificial life-forms. The votes of the audience of 50,000
      users form the basis for the fitness function for a genetic algorithm on a space
      of abstract animations, each known as a "sheep". Users also may design sheep by
      hand for inclusion in the gene pool, so crowd-sourcing, or intelligent design,
      collaborates and competes with evolution. The images were drawn with the Fractal
      Flame algorithm, a generalization and refinement of Iterated Function Systems.
      Essentially the images are interference patterns between groups of nonlinear
      geometric transformations of the plane. The hundreds of floating-point parameters
      of these transformations comprise the genome of each sheep. This nonlinear map
      from genome to image defines a visual language, whose search and incantation
      brings the machine to life.

PMID- 18157932
TI  - Proteolysis of purified IgGs by human and bacterial enzymes in vitro and the
      detection of specific proteolytic fragments of endogenous IgG in rheumatoid
      synovial fluid.
AB  - A comparative in vitro survey of physiologically relevant human and microbial
      proteinases defined a number of enzymes that induced specific hinge domain
      cleavage in human IgG1. Several of these proteinases have been associated with
      tumor growth, inflammation, and infection. A majority of the identified
      proteinases converted IgG to F(ab')(2), and a consistent feature of their action
      was a transient accumulation of a single-cleaved intermediate (scIgG). The scIgG
      resulted from the relatively rapid cleavage of the first hinge domain heavy
      chain, followed by a slower cleavage of the second chain to separate the Fc
      domain from F(ab')(2). Major sites of enzymatic cleavage were identified or
      confirmed from the mass of the F(ab')(2) or Fab fragments and/or the amino
      terminal amino acid sequence of the Fc for each enzyme including human matrix
      metalloproteinases (MMPs) 3 and 12, human cathepsin G, human neutrophil elastase
      (Fab), staphylococcal glutamyl endopeptidase I and streptococcal immunoglobulin
      degrading enzyme (IdeS). The cleavage sites in IgG1 by MMP-3, cathepsin G and
      IdeS were used to guide the synthesis of peptide analogs containing the
      corresponding carboxy-termini to be used as immunogens in rabbits. Rabbit
      antibodies were successfully generated that showed selective binding to different
      human F(ab')(2)s and other hinge-cleavage fragments, but not to intact IgG. In
      Western blotting studies of synovial fluids from individuals with rheumatoid
      arthritis, the rabbit antibodies yielded patterns consistent with the presence of
      endogenous IgG fragments including F(ab')(2) and the single-cleaved IgG
      intermediate. The detection in synovial fluid of IgG fragments similar to those
      observed in the in vitro biochemical studies suggests that proteolysis of IgG may
      contribute to localized immune dysfunction in inflammatory environments.

PMID- 18157934
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography determination of 5-methyl-2'
      deoxycytidine, 2'-deoxycytidine, and other deoxynucleosides and nucleosides in
      DNA digests.
AB  - This work has undertaken liquid chromatographic separation of nucleosides and
      deoxynucleosides. Two different columns with three mobile phases (A, deionized
      water; B, 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 4.0); C, methanol) and slightly different
      gradient programs were used. The elution order was as follows: cytidine (C), 2'
      deoxycytidine (dC), uridine (U), 5-methyl-2'-cytidine (5mC), 5-methyl-2'
      deoxycytidine (5mdC), guanosine (G), deoxyguanosine (dG), 2'-deoxythymidine (dT),
      adenosine (A), and 2'-deoxyadenine (dA). Using a Luna C18 Phenomenex column (150
      x 4.6 mm, 5 microm), the separation was performed at 40 degrees C with a total
      flow rate of 1 ml/min and a run time of 10 min. The second column was an Agilent
      C18 (50 x 3 mm, 1.8 microm), for which the run time was 4.5 min with a flow rate
      of 0.6 ml/min (25 degrees C). In application to the DNA digests from human THP-1
      cells, the quantification of C, dC, U, 5mC, 5mdC, G, dG, and A was performed. The
      percentages of global methylation were evaluated based on the 5mdC and dC
      concentrations (c(5mdC) / [c(5mdC)+c(dC)], where c is concentration in microg/ml)
      and compared with those calculated from the respective peak areas (A(5mdC) /
      [A(5mdC)+A(dC)], where A is peak area at 254 nm). For peak area measurements,
      excellent agreement was obtained with the results reported previously in the same
      cell line. In the quantitative approach, the results of DNA methylation were
      higher but consistent with the previous data obtained using mass spectrometric
      detection. Comparing the analytical features of the two procedures, the use of a
      smaller column could be recommended because it provides efficient separation
      (capacity factors in the range of 1.29-10.66), a short run time, and feasibility
      of nucleoside and deoxynucleoside quantification in real-world samples and
      because it also minimizes the use of reagents.

PMID- 18157933
TI  - Lsc activity is controlled by oligomerization and regulates integrin adhesion.
AB  - Lsc is a hematopoietic-restricted protein that functions as an effector of G
      alpha(12/13)-associated G-protein coupled receptors that activates RhoA. In the
      absence of Lsc leukocytes exhibit impaired migration and B lymphocytes
      inefficiently resolve integrin-mediated adhesion. Here, we demonstrate that Lsc
      exists physiologically in primary B lymphocytes as a large molecular weight
      complex resembling a homo-tetramer. Interfering with the assembly of this large
      molecular weight Lsc oligomer results in the activation of both Lsc functional
      activities and leads to cell rounding and inhibition of integrin-mediated
      adhesion. During cell migration on integrin ligands we find Lsc localizes
      predominantly toward the rear of migrating cells where we suggest it activates
      RhoA to resolve integin-mediated adhesion. Together these data demonstrate that
      Lsc regulates integrin-mediated adhesive events at the trailing edge of migrating
      cells.

PMID- 18157935
TI  - PCR-mediated deletion of plasmid DNA.
AB  - The PCR-mediated plasmid DNA deletion method is a simple approach to delete DNA
      sequences from plasmids using only one round of PCR, with two primers, and
      without ligation or purification prior to in vivo recombination. By using only
      PCR, the method is sequence independent and, as shown in this study, is
      applicable to various sizes of plasmids and deletions using minimal primer
      design.

PMID- 18157936
TI  - ALDH-2 deficiency increases cardiovascular oxidative stress--evidence for
      indirect antioxidative properties.
AB  - Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2) reduces reactive oxygen species
      (ROS) formation related to toxic aldehydes; additionally, it provides a
      bioactivating pathway for nitroglycerin. Since acetaldehyde, nitroglycerin, and
      doxorubicin treatment provoke mitochondrial oxidative stress, we used ALDH-2(-/-)
      mice and purified recombinant human ALDH-2 to test the hypothesis that ALDH-2 has
      an indirect antioxidant function in mitochondria. Antioxidant capacity of
      purified ALDH-2 was comparable to equimolar doses of glutathione, cysteine, and
      dithiothreitol; mitochondrial oxidative stress was comparable in C57Bl6 and ALDH
      2(-/-) mice after acute challenges with nitroglycerin or doxorubicin, whereas
      chronic acetaldehyde, nitroglycerin, and doxorubicin treatment dose-dependently
      increased mitochondrial ROS formation and impaired endothelial function to a
      greater extent in ALDH-2(-/-) mice. Maximal nitroglycerin dose applied in vivo
      lead to a "super-desensitized" nitroglycerin response in isolated ALDH-2(-/-)
      aortas, inaccessible in C57Bl6 mice. Our results suggest that ALDH-2 has an
      indirect antioxidative property independent of its thiol-moiety in disease states
      of cardiovascular oxidative stress.

PMID- 18157937
TI  - Immunohistochemical analysis of a novel dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase
      like protein in Drosophila neural circuits.
AB  - Sulfotransferase (ST)-catalyzed sulfation plays an important role in various
      neuronal functions such as homeostasis of catecholamine neurotransmitters and
      hormones. Drosophila is a popular model for the study of memory and behavioral
      manifestations because it is able to mimic the intricate neuroregulation and
      recognition in humans. However, there has been no evidence indicating that
      cytosolic ST(s) is(are) present in Drosophila. The aim of this study is to
      investigate whether or not cytosolic ST(s) is(are) expressed in the Drosophila
      nervous system. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated the presence of
      dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) ST-like protein in Drosophila brain and a sensitive
      fluorometric assay revealed its sulfating activity toward DHEA.
      Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated this DHEA ST-like protein to be
      abundant in specific neurons as well as in several bundles of nerve fibers in
      Drosophila. Clarification of a possible link between ST and a neurotransmitter
      mediated effect may eventually aid in designing approaches for alleviating
      neuronal disorders in humans.

PMID- 18157938
TI  - Dock2 participates in bone marrow lympho-hematopoiesis.
AB  - Dock2 has been shown to be indispensable for chemotaxis of mature lymphocytes as
      a critical Rac activator. However, the functional expression of Dock2 in immature
      hematopoietic cells is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that Dock2 is
      broadly expressed in bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic compartment, including
      hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSC/HPC) fraction. Response of Dock2-/- HPCs
      to CXCL12 in chemotaxis and actin polymerization in vitro was impaired, although
      alpha4 integrin activation by CXCL12 was not altered. Myelosuppressive stress on
      HSCs in vivo, such as consecutive 5-FU administration and serial bone marrow
      transplantation, did not show hematopoietic defect in Dock2-/- mice. Long-term
      engraftment of transplanted Dock2-/- BM cells was severely impaired in
      competitive reconstitution. However, this was not intrinsic to HSCs but
      originated from the defective competition of Dock2-/- lymphoid precursors. These
      results suggest that Dock2 plays a significant role in BM lymphopoiesis, but is
      dispensable for HSC engraftment and self-renewal.

PMID- 18157939
TI  - Key events in the history of calcium regulation of striated muscle.

PMID- 18157940
TI  - The unit event of sliding of the chemo-mechanical enzyme composed of myosin and
      actin with regulatory proteins.
AB  - Various myosin-actin systems do not always show the same sliding behaviors. To
      make the situation clear, discussions are concentrated on the unit event of
      sliding of the chemo-mechanical enzyme composed of a single myosin head and a
      single actin filament with regulatory proteins. The popular idea of the one-to
      one correspondence between the chemical state and the physical state or between
      the chemical reaction step and the physical conformational change is reexamined.
      It is likely that the sites and the modes of interaction between myosin head and
      actin filament during the ATP hydrolysis are more multiple and variable, and the
      input-output coupling in the chemo-mechanical enzyme is loose.

PMID- 18157941
TI  - Troponin and cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The troponin complex was discovered over thirty years ago and since then much
      insight has been gained into how this complex senses fluctuating levels of Ca(2+)
      and transmits this signal to the myofilament. Advances in genetics methods have
      allowed identification of mutations that lead to the phenotypically distinct
      cardiomyopathies: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy
      (RCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This review serves to highlight key in
      vivo studies of mutation effects that have followed many years of functional
      studies and discusses how these mutations alter energetics and promote the
      characteristic remodeling associated with cardiomyopathic diseases. Studies have
      been performed that examine alterations in signaling and genomic methods have
      been employed to isolate upregulated proteins, however these processes are
      complex as there are multiple roads to hypertrophy or dilation associated with
      genetic cardiomyopathies. This review suggests future directions to explore in
      the troponin field that would heighten our understanding of the complex
      regulation of cardiac muscle contraction.

PMID- 18157942
TI  - Phosphorylation of the C subunit (p66) of human DNA polymerase delta.
AB  - Of the four subunits constituting DNA polymerase delta, subunit C or p66 has been
      shown to mainly mediate polymerase interaction with PCNA, an auxiliary factor
      that greatly enhances DNA polymerase delta processivity on primed DNA templates.
      Here, we provide evidence that a highly conserved region located between amino
      acids 384 and 399 in the C-terminus of p66 is phosphorylated, most probably by
      Protein kinase CK2, and that another region, most probably located within the
      PCNA interacting domain in its extreme C-terminus, regulates its interaction with
      PCNA. Phosphorylation of p66 is associated with its co-localization with large
      subunit of DNA polymerase delta, p125, and PCNA, to the insoluble chromatin
      fraction at the beginning of S-phase. Taken together, the results provide
      evidence that concurrent phosphorylation events in p66 may positively and
      negatively regulate its activity and interactions with other components of the
      replisome during the cell cycle.

PMID- 18157943
TI  - Evaluation of point-of-care glucose testing accuracy using locally-smoothed
      median absolute difference curves.
AB  - BACKGROUND: We introduce locally-smoothed (LS) median absolute difference (MAD)
      curves for the evaluation of hospital point-of-care (POC) glucose testing
      accuracy. METHODS: Arterial blood samples (613) were obtained from a university
      hospital blood gas laboratory. Four hospital glucose meter systems (GMS) were
      tested against the YSI 2300 glucose analyzer for paired reference observations.
      We made statistical comparisons using conventional methods (e.g., linear
      regression, mean absolute differences). RESULTS: Difference plots with
      superimposed ISO 15197 tolerance bands showed bias, scatter, heteroscedasticity,
      and erroneous results well. LS MAD curves readily revealed GMS accuracy patterns.
      Performance in hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic ranges erratically exceeded the
      recommended LS MAD error tolerance limit (5 mg/dl). Some systems showed
      acceptable (within LS MAD tolerance) or nearly acceptable performance in and
      around a tight glycemic control (TGC) interval of 80-110 mg/dl. Performance
      patterns varied in this interval, creating potential for discrepant therapeutic
      decisions. CONCLUSIONS: Erroneous results demonstrated by ISO 15197-difference
      plots must be carefully considered. LS MAD curves draw on the unique human
      ability to recognize patterns quickly and discriminate accuracy visually.
      Performance standards should incorporate LS MAD curves and the recommended error
      tolerance limit of 5 mg/dl for hospital bedside glucose testing. Each GMS must be
      considered individually when assessing overall performance for therapeutic
      decision making in TGC.

PMID- 18157944
TI  - Isoniazid-rifampicin induced lipid changes in rats.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Isoniazid (INH) and rifampicine (RIF) continues to be highly
      effective drugs in the chemoprophylaxis and treatment of tuberculosis. It is
      associated with hepatotoxicity in some individuals. Change in liver and serum
      lipids may be one of the reasons of hepatotoxicity. We examined isoniazid
      rifampicine induced lipid changes in liver and serum of rats. METHODS: In a rat
      model of INH-RIF induced hepatotoxicity we evaluated the effect of oral
      administration of INH-RIF (50 mg/kg body weight /day each) on hepatic marker
      enzymes, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids in serum and
      liver of experimental rats after 28 days. Enzymes, total lipids and lipid
      fractions were measured according to standard methods. RESULTS: Treatment with
      INH-RIF increased the hepatic marker enzymes after 28 days and altered the lipid
      levels in serum and liver. Administration of INH-RIF resulted in significantly
      increased liver and serum cholesterol and total Lipids as compared to control
      group, while triglycerides were significantly elevated in liver only. In
      contrast, phospholipids were significantly decreased in liver and no effect in
      serum was observed. CONCLUSION: Changes in lipids (both in serum and liver) are
      likely involved in the pathogenesis of INH-RIF induced hepatoxicity in rats.

PMID- 18157945
TI  - Stability of mycophenolic acid and glucuronide metabolites in human plasma and
      the impact of deproteinization methodology.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In recent years there is growing interest in therapeutic drug
      monitoring of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its glucuronide metabolites MPAG and
      AcMPAG. Like other acyl glucuronide metabolites, AcMPAG has a limited stability,
      but this aspect has received little attention. METHODS: Plasma sample
      deproteinization with perchloric acid 2 M (method A) was compared to
      metaphosphoric acid 15% (method B). Stability of MPA, MPAG and AcMPAG in
      acidified and non-acidified plasma stored at room temperature, 4 degrees C, -20
      degrees C and -80 degrees C was assessed over short and long time intervals using
      HPLC-UV methodology. RESULTS: The area ratio of AcMPAG/IS on spiked plasma at pH
      2.5 with method A was 63% of the respective ratio in water, in contrast to 102%
      with method B, suggesting partial deconjugation and/or incomplete release of
      AcMPAG from proteins with method A. At room temperature, AcMPAG concentrations in
      both whole blood and non-acidified plasma decreased significantly after 2-5 h.
      MPA, MPAG and AcMPAG concentrations remained stable in acidified plasma stored at
      -20 degrees C and -80 degrees C, but not longer than 5 months after collection.
      CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that adequate sample collection, storage measures
      and deproteinization methods should be applied in order to avoid deconjugation
      and hence underestimation of MPA, MPAG and AcMPAG concentrations.

PMID- 18157946
TI  - Recruitment and activation of phospholipase C (PLC)-delta1 in lipid rafts by
      muscarinic stimulation of PC12 cells: contribution of p122RhoGAP/DLC1, a tumor
      suppressing PLCdelta1 binding protein.

PMID- 18157947
TI  - Reciprocal relationship between the apoptosis pathway mediated by executioner
      caspases and the physiological NAD synthesis pathway.

PMID- 18157948
TI  - Diclofenac mediated derangement of neuroblastoma cell lipidomic profiles is
      accompanied by increased phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis.

PMID- 18157949
TI  - A lysophosphatidic acid receptor lacking the PDZ-binding domain is constitutively
      active and stimulates cell proliferation.
AB  - Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an extracellular signaling lipid that regulates
      cell proliferation, survival, and motility of normal and cancer cells. These
      effects are produced through G protein-coupled LPA receptors, LPA(1) to LPA(5).
      We generated an LPA(1) mutant lacking the SerValVal sequence of the C-terminal
      PDZ-binding domain to examine the role of this domain in intracellular signaling
      and other cellular functions. B103 neuroblastoma cells expressing the mutant
      LPA(1) showed rapid cell proliferation and tended to form colonies under serum
      free conditions. The enhanced cell proliferation of the mutant cells was
      inhibited by exogenous expression of the plasmids inhibiting G proteins including
      G(betagamma), G(alphai) and G(alphaq) or G(alpha12/13), or treatment with
      pertussis toxin, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors or a Rho inhibitor.
      We confirmed that the PI3K-Akt and Rho pathways were intrinsically activated in
      mutant cells by detecting increases in phosphorylated Akt in western blot
      analyses or by directly measuring Rho activity. Interestingly, expression of the
      mutant LPA(1) in non-tumor mouse fibroblasts induced colony formation in a
      clonogenic soft agar assay, indicating that oncogenic pathways were activated.
      Taken together, these observations suggest that the mutant LPA(1) constitutively
      activates the G protein signaling leading to PI3K-Akt and Rho pathways, resulting
      in enhanced cell proliferation.

PMID- 18157950
TI  - Cross-talk between PDGF and S1P signalling elucidates the inhibitory effect and
      potential antifibrotic action of the immunomodulator FTY720 in activated HSC
      cultures.
AB  - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been shown to be essential in the
      activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), contributing to the onset and
      development of hepatic fibrosis. Recently, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been
      shown to be a mitogen and stimulator of chemotaxis also for HSCs. Since it has
      been demonstrated in several cell types that cross-talk between PDGF and S1P
      signalling pathways occurs, our aim was to investigate the potential antifibrotic
      effect of FTY720, whose phosphorylated form acts as a potent S1P receptor (S1PR)
      modulator, on HSCs. FTY720 inhibits cell proliferation and migration after PDGF
      stimulation on HSCs in a concentration range between 0.1 and 1 muM. By using
      compounds that block S1P signalling (PTX and VPC23019), we assessed that FTY720
      also acts in an S1P receptor-independent way by decreasing the level of tyrosine
      phosphorylation of PDGF receptor, with subsequent inhibition of the PDGF
      signalling pathway. In addition, inhibition of sphingosine kinase2 (SphK2), which
      is responsible for FTY720 phosphorylation, by DMS/siRNA unveils a mechanism of
      action irrespective of its phosphorylation, in particular decreasing the level of
      S1P(1) on the plasma membrane. These findings led us to hypothesize a potential
      use of FTY720 as a potential antifibrotic drug for further clinical application.

PMID- 18157951
TI  - Lipoic acid ameliorates oxidative stress and renal injury in alloxan diabetic
      rabbits.
AB  - The therapeutic potential of lipoic acid (LA) in diabetes and diabetic
      nephropathy treatment was elucidated. Alloxan diabetic rabbits were treated daily
      for three weeks with either 10 or 50 mg of LA per kg body weight (i.p.). The
      following parameters were measured: 1) serum glucose, urea, creatinine and
      hydroxyl free radical (HFR) levels; 2) blood glutathione redox state; 3) urine
      albumin concentration; 4) hepatic and renal HFR levels, GSH/GSSG ratios, cysteine
      contents and the activities of the enzymes of glutathione metabolism; and 5) the
      activity of renal NADPH oxidase. Histological studies of kidneys were also
      performed. The treatment of diabetic rabbits with 50 mg of LA resulted in lethal
      hypoglycaemia in 50% of animals studied. Although the low dose of LA did not
      change serum glucose concentration, it decreased serum urea and creatinine
      concentrations, attenuated diabetes-induced decline in GSH/GSSG ratio and
      abolished hydroxyl free radicals accumulation in serum, liver and kidney cortex.
      LA did not change the activities of the enzymes of glutathione metabolism, but it
      elevated hepatic content of cysteine, which limits the rate of glutathione
      biosynthesis. Moreover, LA lowered urine albumin concentration and attenuated
      glomerulopathy characteristic of diabetes. However, it did not affect diabetes
      stimulated activity of renal NADPH oxidase. In view of these data, it is
      concluded that low doses of LA might be useful for the therapy of diabetes and
      diabetic nephropathy. Beneficial action of LA seems to result mainly from direct
      scavenging of HFR and restoring glutathione redox state due to elevation of
      intracellular cysteine levels.

PMID- 18157952
TI  - Site-directed mutagenesis of the conserved Ala348 and Gly350 residues at the
      putative active site of Bacillus kaustophilus leucine aminopeptidase.
AB  - Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) is an exopeptidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of
      amino acid residues from the amino terminus of proteins and peptides. Sequence
      alignment shows that the conserved Ala348 and Gly350 residues of Bacillus
      kaustophilus LAP (BkLAP) are located right next to a coordinated ligand. We
      further investigated the roles of these two residues by performing computer
      modeling and site-directed mutagenesis. Based on the modeling, the carbonyl group
      of Ala348 interacts with Asn345 and Asn435, and that of Gly350 with Ile353 and
      Leu354, where these interactions might maintain the zinc-coordinated residues at
      their correct positions. Replacement of Ala348 with Arg resulted in a dramatic
      reduction in LAP activity. A complete loss of the activity was also observed in
      A348E, A348V, and the Gly350 variants. Measurement of intrinsic tryptophan
      fluorescence revealed alteration of the microenvironment of aromatic amino acid
      residues, while circular dichroism spectra were nearly identical for wild-type
      and all mutant enzymes. Protein modeling and site-directed mutagenesis suggest
      that residues Ala348 and Gly350 are essential for BkLAP in maintaining a stable
      active-site environment for the catalytic reaction.

PMID- 18157953
TI  - 920 MHz ultra-high field NMR approaches to structural glycobiology.
AB  - Although NMR spectroscopy has great potential to provide us with detailed
      structural information on oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, the carbohydrate
      NMR analyses have been hampered by the severe spectral overlapping and the
      insufficiency of the conformational restraints. Recently, ultra-high field NMR
      spectrometers have become available for applications to structural analyses of
      biological macromolecules. Here we demonstrate that ultra-high fields offer not
      only increases in sensitivity and chemical shift dispersion but also potential
      benefits for providing unique information on chemical exchange and relaxation, by
      displaying NMR spectral data of oligosaccharide, glycoprotein, and glycolipid
      systems recorded at a 21.6 T magnetic field (corresponding to 920 MHz (1)H
      observation frequency). The ultra-high field NMR spectroscopy combined with sugar
      library and stable-isotope labeling approaches will open new horizons in
      structural glycobiology.

PMID- 18157954
TI  - Thermodynamics of the binding of cytotoxic protoberberine molecule coralyne to
      deoxyribonucleic acids.
AB  - The binding thermodynamics of the interaction of protoberberine molecule coralyne
      to various DNAs have been investigated. Thermodynamic data revealed that the
      binding was enthalpy driven in GC rich DNA and GC polynucleotides while the same
      was favored by both negative enthalpy and positive entropy changes in the AT rich
      DNA and AT polymers. Parsing the free energy change of the binding in terms of
      polyelectrolytic and nonpolyelectrolytic contribution showed the involvement of
      major contributions from the later. The heat capacity change (DeltaC(p) degrees )
      for the binding of coralyne to calf thymus DNA and Micrococcus lysodeikticus DNA
      was - 147 and - 190cal/(mol K) respectively. The binding data in these systems
      also showed significant enthalpy-entropy compensation confirming the involvement
      of multiplicity of weak non-covalent interactions in agreement with the negative
      heat capacity data. Circular dichroic studies revealed that the binding was
      accompanied by moderate conformational change of B-form structure and more
      importantly the achiral alkaloid molecules acquired strong induced optical
      activity. These results contribute to the understanding of energetics of coralyne
      DNA complexation that will guide synthetic efforts of medicinal chemists for
      developing better therapeutic agents.

PMID- 18157955
TI  - 1.2A-resolution crystal structures reveal the second tetrahedral intermediates of
      streptogrisin B (SGPB).
AB  - Streptogrisin B (SGPB) has served as one of the models for studying the catalytic
      activities of serine peptidases. Here we report its native crystal structures at
      pH 4.2 at a resolution of 1.18A, and at pH 7.3 at a resolution of 1.23A.
      Unexpectedly, outstanding electron density peaks occurred in the active site and
      the substrate-binding region of SGPB in the computed maps at both pHs. The
      densities at pH 4.2 were assigned as a tetrapeptide, Asp-Ala-Ile-Tyr, whereas
      those at pH 7.3 were assigned as a tyrosine molecule and a leucine molecule
      existing at equal occupancies in both of the SGPB molecules in the asymmetric
      unit. Refinement with relaxed geometric restraints resulted in molecular
      structures representing mixtures of the second tetrahedral intermediates and the
      enzyme-product complexes of SGPB existing in a pH-dependent equilibrium.
      Structural comparisons with the complexes of SGPB with turkey ovomucoid third
      domain (OMTKY3) and its variants have shown that, upon the formation of the
      tetrahedral intermediate, residues Glu192A to Gly193 of SGPB move towards the
      alpha-carboxylate O of residue P1 of the bound species, and adjustments in the
      side-chain conformational angles of His57 and Ser195 of SGPB favor the
      progression of the catalytic mechanism of SGPB.

PMID- 18157956
TI  - Relation between plasma adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and
      coronary plaque components in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
AB  - The present study investigated the relation between plasma high-sensitivity C
      reactive protein (hs-CRP) and adiponectin and coronary plaque components in
      patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Previous studies showed a pivotal
      role of inflammation in the progression of atherosclerosis and the prognostic
      value of several biomarkers. However, relations among inflammatory biomarkers and
      plaque characteristics were unknown. Ninety-three culprit plaques (ACS n = 50,
      non-ACS n = 43) and 56 nonculprit plaques (ACS n = 28, non-ACS n = 28) were
      analyzed using Virtual Histology intravascular ultrasound to examine relations
      among plasma hs-CRP, adiponectin, and ratios of each coronary plaque component.
      Plasma adiponectin was significantly lower and plasma hs-CRP was significantly
      higher in patients with than without ACS. Culprit plaques in patients with ACS
      had greater amounts of necrotic core plaque than those in patients without ACS.
      There was an inverse relation between serum hs-CRP and adiponectin with regard to
      necrotic core ratio in both culprit and nonculprit lesions in patients with ACS,
      but not those without ACS. In conclusion, increased plasma hs-CRP and
      hypoadiponectinemia might be related to the progression of ACS.

PMID- 18157957
TI  - Head to head comparison between perfusion and function during accelerated high
      dose dipyridamole magnetic resonance stress for the detection of coronary artery
      disease.
AB  - The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of perfusion and
      wall motion (WM) during dipyridamole magnetic resonance in patients with chest
      pain syndrome. Ninety-three patients with normal baseline left ventricular
      function were referred for coronary angiography. Additional dipyridamole stress
      magnetic resonance testing (0.84 mg/kg over 6 minutes; using a Signa Cvi scanner)
      was performed. Cardiac-gated fast gradient-echo train sequences with a first pass
      of gadolinium contrast medium were used to assess myocardial perfusion. A
      perfusion reserve index was calculated as the ratio of dipyridamole to rest
      upslope. A perfusion reserve index value <1.54 in 2 contiguous myocardial
      segments was the perfusion positivity criterion. The WM positivity criterion was
      a segmental score increase of > or =1 grade in > or =2 segments. WM and the
      perfusion reserve index showed similar diagnostic accuracy for >50%
      quantitatively assessed coronary diameter reduction (86% for both), with WM
      having higher specificity (96% vs 66%, p <0.01) and lower sensitivity (82% vs
      93%, p <0.05) than the perfusion reserve index. Perfusion had the highest
      accuracy values for coronary stenoses <75% (cutoff 59%) and WM for coronary
      stenoses > or =75% (cutoff 84%) (p <0.001). In conclusion, during dipyridamole
      magnetic resonance stress testing, perfusion and WM abnormalities have similar
      diagnostic accuracy, with perfusion showing higher sensitivity, particularly in
      the detection of moderate stenoses, and WM showing higher specificity.

PMID- 18157958
TI  - Usefulness of persistent symptoms of depression to predict physical health status
      12 months after an acute coronary syndrome.
AB  - Previous research has focused on the relation between depression after an acute
      coronary syndrome (ACS) and subsequent cardiac morbidity and mortality. However,
      the relation between depression and quality of life during recovery remains
      unclear. We investigated whether symptoms of depression during hospitalization
      for ACS or the course of depressive symptoms after ACS predict physical health
      status 12 months after ACS, controlling for physical health status at the time of
      the ACS. This was a prospective study of 425 patients with ACS assessed with the
      Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Short Form 12 (SF-12) Health Survey during
      hospitalization and 12 months later. Linear regression was used to assess the
      relation between in-hospital BDI scores and BDI symptom trajectory after ACS with
      physical health status 12 months later, controlling for baseline physical health
      status, age, gender, Killip class, history of acute myocardial infarction, and
      cardiac diagnosis. Baseline BDI scores predicted 12-month physical health (p
      <0.001). Compared with nondepressed patients, only patients with persistent
      symptoms of depression were at risk for poorer physical health. Patients with
      newly developed depressive symptoms after ACS were at slightly increased risk for
      worsened physical health (p = 0.060), whereas patients with transient depressive
      symptoms were not at increased risk. In conclusion, these results underscore the
      importance of assessing depression at the time of ACS and on an ongoing basis.

PMID- 18157959
TI  - Gender-related differences in electrocardiographic parameters and their
      association with cardiac events in patients after myocardial infarction.
AB  - There are limited data regarding gender-related differences in
      electrocardiographic (ECG) presentation in patients after myocardial infarction
      (MI) and the prognostic value of ECG variables in women. A series of ECG
      parameters were analyzed in 838 patients (216 women, 622 men) using standard
      electrocardiography performed 5 to 7 days after first MI, and their associations
      with gender and risk for cardiac events, defined as cardiac death, nonfatal MI,
      or unstable angina, were evaluated. Heart rate was faster and QTc duration was
      longer, whereas QRS duration was shorter in women compared with men. Women had
      more lateral ST depressions and more T-wave inversions in the anterior and
      lateral regions. During mean 2-year follow-up, there were 138 events in men and
      65 in women; women had a 38% greater risk for recurrent events (adjusted hazard
      ratio [HR] 1.38, p = 0.031). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, ST-segment
      elevation in leads V(1) to V(4) on the fifth to seventh day after MI was
      associated with increased risk for recurrent events in women (adjusted HR 2.16, p
      = 0.003) but not in men (adjusted HR = 0.81, p = 0.32). ST depressions in leads
      V(5), V(6), I, or aVL (adjusted HR 1.70, p = 0.006) in men but not in women
      (adjusted HR 0.98, p = 0.93) were identified as a risk factor for recurrent
      events. In conclusion, there are gender-related differences in ECG presentation
      and the prognostic significance of ECG findings after MI. ST-segment elevation in
      anterior leads is a significant predictor of events in women, whereas ST
      depression in lateral leads is a significant predictor in men.

PMID- 18157960
TI  - International variation in the use of blood transfusion in patients with non-ST
      segment elevation acute coronary syndromes.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine international patterns of blood
      transfusion in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Previous studies
      showed geographic heterogeneity in some aspects of ACS care. Data for variability
      in the use of blood transfusion in ACS management are limited. Pooled data from 3
      international randomized trials of patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS (n
      = 23,906) were analyzed to determine the association between non-United States
      (US) location and blood transfusion after stratifying by the use of invasive
      procedures. The analysis adjusted for differences in patient characteristics and
      was repeated using a 2-stage mixed-model approach and in patients who underwent
      in-hospital coronary artery bypass grafting. Compared with US patients, both
      unadjusted and adjusted hazards for blood transfusion were significantly lower in
      non-US patients who did not undergo invasive procedures (unadjusted hazard ratio
      [HR] 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17 to 0.33; adjusted HR 0.20, 95% CI
      0.14 to 0.28). This was also true in non-US patients who underwent invasive
      procedures (unadjusted HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.44; adjusted HR 0.31, 95% CI
      0.23 to 0.42). Results were similar in both validation analyses. In conclusion,
      there was substantial international variation in blood transfusion use in
      patients with ACS. These results, along with the controversy regarding the
      appropriate use of transfusion in patients with coronary heart disease, emphasize
      the need for understanding the role of blood transfusion in the management of
      patients with ACS and factors that influence transfusion decisions.

PMID- 18157961
TI  - Relation of recurrence of atrial fibrillation after non-ST-elevation acute
      myocardial infarction to left atrial abnormality.
AB  - Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common during the course of acute myocardial
      infarction and is associated with left atrial (LA) dilatation. However, the role
      of LA depolarization abnormality on the electrocardiogram (ECG) in the setting of
      LA dilatation was not studied in this context. Patients admitted with non-ST
      segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) who developed new-onset AF
      (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 427.31) were
      prospectively identified. Baseline ECGs and echocardiograms before the admission
      event were reviewed. Follow-up was directed toward pertinent cardiovascular
      events, atrial tachyarrhythmias, and death as end points. Of 101 patients with
      NSTEMI who had new-onset AF, 88 had current echocardiograms and 69 had LA
      dilatation (78%). Total follow-up was 24 months (mean 21.4). Prolonged P-wave
      duration (> or =110 ms) and decreased left ventricular fractional shortening were
      most significant in those with LA dilatation and were independently associated
      with AF. In those with LA dilatation, the prevalence of such abnormal atrial
      depolarization on ECGs was 56%. AF (43% vs 15%; p = 0.03) and heart failure (63%
      vs 35%; p = 0.03) occurred more often in this subset, but there was no difference
      in mortality. However, the overall prevalence of late cardiovascular
      complications in this subset was higher (71% vs 45%; p = 0.02) compared with that
      of immediate complications (20% vs 26%; p = 0.60). In conclusion, there is higher
      recurrence of AF in patients with NSTEMI who have a combination of
      electrocardiographic and echocardiographic LA abnormalities compared with those
      without.

PMID- 18157962
TI  - Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A elevation in patients with acute coronary
      syndrome and subsequent atorvastatin therapy.
AB  - Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) was associated with
      atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, whereas statin therapy was associated with
      increased plaque stability. Eighty-six patients presenting with clinical
      indications (non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and stable
      angina) for invasive coronary angiography and subsequent verified coronary artery
      disease (CAD) were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to atorvastatin 10
      or 80 mg/day. PAPP-A, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and lipids
      were measured at baseline (before statin therapy) and at 1 and 6 months. PAPP-A
      was significantly increased in 35 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
      compared with 51 patients with stable CAD (p <0.001). Patients randomly assigned
      to atorvastatin 10 mg did not show a significant decrease in PAPP-A from baseline
      at 1 or 6 months. Patients treated with atorvastatin 80 mg showed a significant
      decrease at 1 month compared with baseline, but not at 6 months. hs-CRP was not
      significantly different between the ACS and stable CAD groups. Patients receiving
      atorvastatin 10 mg showed no hs-CRP decrease at 1 or 6 months, whereas it
      significantly decreased in the 80-mg group at 6 months, but not at 1 month. In
      conclusion, PAPP-A significantly increased in patients with ACS compared with
      those with stable coronary disease. High-dose atorvastatin significantly
      decreased PAPP-A at 1 month and hs-CRP at 6 months in patients with verified CAD.
      Low-dose atorvastatin did not produce this effect.

PMID- 18157963
TI  - Anatomic correlates of a normal perfusion scan using 64-slice computed
      tomographic coronary angiography.
AB  - Both myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and multislice computed tomography (MSCT)
      are currently used to detect coronary artery disease (CAD). However, MSCT permits
      early detection of atherosclerosis while myocardial perfusion is still normal. In
      addition, MPI results can be normal despite the presence of high-risk CAD (left
      main and balanced 3-vessel CAD). In this study, the range of anatomic findings
      using MSCT in patients with normal MPI results was evaluated. In 180 patients
      presenting with chest pain, MPI (with gated single-photon emission computed
      tomography) and 64-slice MSCT were performed. In patients with normal MPI
      results, prevalences of completely normal coronary arteries, nonobstructive CAD,
      and obstructive CAD were determined using MSCT. The occurrence of high-risk CAD,
      including left main and 3-vessel disease, was also evaluated. Normal MPI and
      adequate MSCT findings were obtained in 97 patients (54%; 50% women; average age
      58 +/- 12 years; 5% with known CAD). A total of 38 patients (39%) showed normal
      coronary anatomy, whereas nonsignificant and significant CAD were observed in 37
      (38%) and 18 patients (19%), respectively. Importantly, only 4 patients (4%)
      presented with high-risk CAD using 64-slice MSCT, 2 with left main and 2 with 3
      vessel disease. In conclusion, a normal MPI result can be associated with a wide
      range of anatomic observations and cannot exclude the presence of both
      nonobstructive and obstructive CAD. However, importantly, the prevalence of high
      risk CAD was rare.

PMID- 18157964
TI  - Contact-to-balloon time and door-to-balloon time after initiation of a formalized
      data feedback in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
AB  - For many patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMIs), the
      time from presentation to percutaneous coronary intervention exceeds established
      goals. This study was conducted to examine the effects of formalized data
      assessment and systematic feedback on treatment times. All patients with STEMIs
      treated with percutaneous coronary intervention in a semi-rural 3-hospital
      network from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2006, were prospectively analyzed
      (n = 114). Patients presenting during the first 3-month period (January 1, 2006,
      to March 31, 2006) were included as the reference group (n = 33). Time points
      from initial contact with the medical system to revascularization were assessed,
      analyzed, and presented in an interactive session to hospital and emergency
      services staff members. Data from patients with STEMIs presenting during the next
      3 quarters were presented in the same manner (n = 28, 25, and 28). The median
      contact-to-balloon time was 113 minutes in the reference quarter, decreasing to
      83, 66, and 74 minutes in the intervention groups (p <0.0001), whereas the median
      door-to-balloon time decreased from 54 minutes in the reference group to 35, 31,
      and 26 minutes in the intervention groups (p <0.0001). The proportion of patients
      with contact-to-balloon times <90 minutes increased from 21% to 79% (p <0.0001).
      There were significant reductions in the durations of initial treatment on
      location and in the emergency room and in puncture-to-balloon-time in the
      catheterization laboratory, and more patients were transported directly to the
      catheterization laboratory, bypassing the emergency room (from 23% in the
      reference quarter to 76% in the last intervention quarter, p <0.0001). In
      conclusion, formalized data feedback leads to marked reduction in
      revascularization times in patients with STEMIs.

PMID- 18157965
TI  - Outcomes of 1,090 consecutive, elective, nonselected percutaneous coronary
      interventions at a community hospital without onsite cardiac surgery.
AB  - We evaluated the efficacy and safety of elective percutaneous coronary
      intervention (PCI) at a hospital without onsite cardiac surgery. A growing number
      of hospitals without onsite cardiac surgery perform elective PCI. Few hospitals
      have reported outcomes, despite controversy surrounding this practice. From
      August 2003 to December 2005, 1,090 elective PCI were performed at Saint Luke's
      South Hospital (SLS), a hospital without onsite cardiac surgery, for which the
      referral center is the Mid America Heart Institute (MAHI). The elective PCI
      program used experienced interventionalists, technicians, and nurses; a tested
      helicopter transport protocol; a well-equipped catheterization laboratory; and a
      quality assurance process. Baseline characteristics, procedural success, and
      adverse clinical outcomes were compared. Observed frequencies of in-hospital
      death, a combined end point of Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI)/emergency
      coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, and vascular complications were
      compared with prediction models. SLS, with lower risk characteristics than MAHI,
      had unadjusted frequencies of procedural success (93% vs 94%, p = NS), Q-wave MI
      (0.3% vs 0.3%, p = NS), emergency CABG surgery (0.2% vs 0.03%, p = 0.09),
      vascular complications (0.6% vs 0.6%, p = NS), and in-hospital death (0.1% vs
      0.8%, p = 0.002) that compared favorably with MAHI. Two patients transferred from
      SLS to MAHI for emergency CABG surgery without adverse effects. Fewer in-hospital
      deaths and vascular complications were observed at SLS than predicted by models.
      In conclusion, favorable clinical outcomes were achieved for elective PCI at a
      hospital without onsite cardiac surgery that used strict program requirements.

PMID- 18157966
TI  - Clinical outcomes after heterogeneous overlap stenting with drug-eluting stents
      and bare-metal stents for de novo coronary artery narrowings.
AB  - When it is difficult to deliver multiple drug-eluting stents (DES) or when size
      constraints limit DES implantation, bare-metal stents (BMS) may be implanted
      contiguous to DES. However, the clinical outcomes after overlapping DES and BMS
      implantation are not known. From September 2004 to June 2006, 4,872 consecutive
      patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention consented to be
      enrolled in a prospective registry. Of these patients, 44 (0.9%) with de novo
      lesions were treated with DES and BMS overlap stenting. All patients were
      followed to 12 months for the assessment of clinical outcomes. The average
      implanted stent diameter was 2.68 +/- 0.30 mm for DES and 2.35 +/- 0.38 mm for
      BMS. Overlapping BMS were implanted distal to DES in all but 1 case. One patient
      (2.3%) experienced acute stent thrombosis and died 2 days after the procedure. No
      other patient died or had a myocardial infarction during 12 months. The target
      vessel revascularization rate at 12 months, however, was 31.8%, mainly driven by
      diffuse in-stent restenosis in the BMS segments. In conclusion, the incidence of
      DES and BMS overlap stenting is rare in daily practice, but this procedure is
      associated with a high rate of target vessel revascularization.

PMID- 18157968
TI  - A geospatial analysis of emergency transport and inter-hospital transfer in ST
      segment elevation myocardial infarction.
AB  - Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) yields better outcomes than
      thrombolytic therapy in the treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation
      myocardial infarctions (STEMIs). Emergency medical service systems are
      potentially important partners in efforts to expand the use of PCI. This study
      was conducted to explore the probable impact on patient mortality and hospital
      volumes of competing strategies for the emergency transport of patients with
      STEMIs. Emergency transport was simulated for 2,000 patients with STEMIs from the
      Atlantic Cardiovascular Patient Outcomes Research Team (C-PORT) trial in a
      geospatial model of Dallas County, Texas. Patient mortality estimates were
      obtained from a recently developed predictive model comparing PCI and
      thrombolytic therapy. A strategy of transporting patients to the closest hospital
      and treating with PCI if available and thrombolytic therapy if not yielded a 5.2%
      30-day mortality rate (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.2% to 6.3%). A strategy of
      universal PCI, in which patients were transported only to PCI-capable hospitals,
      yielded 4.4% (95% CI 3.6% to 5.4%) mortality and an increase in patient volume at
      2 full-time PCI hospitals of >1,000%. A strategy of targeted PCI, in which high
      benefit patients were transported or transferred to PCI-capable hospitals,
      yielded 4.5% (95% CI 3.8% to 5.5%) mortality if transfers were decided in the
      emergency department and 4.2% (95% CI 3.4% to 5.1%) if transport was decided in
      the emergency vehicle. Targeted PCI strategies increased patient volumes at full
      time PCI hospitals by about 700%. In conclusion, the selection of high-benefit
      patients for transport or transfer to PCI-capable hospitals can reduce mortality
      while minimizing major shifts in hospital patient volumes.

PMID- 18157967
TI  - Short- and long-term outcomes after stent-assisted percutaneous treatment of
      saphenous vein grafts in the drug-eluting stent era.
AB  - Percutaneous treatment of saphenous vein graft (SVG) lesions has been associated
      with higher rates of periprocedural complications and restenosis compared with
      non-SVG lesions. Whether these outcomes are similar in contemporary clinical
      practice, particularly when drug-eluting stents are used, is unknown. We
      evaluated outcomes of 110 consecutive patients who were treated with stent
      assisted percutaneous coronary intervention for 145 SVG lesions (drug-eluting
      stents used in 91.0% of lesions). Embolic protection devices were used in 52.1%
      of treated grafts. Adverse events were recorded up to 1 year. Major or minor
      periprocedural myocardial necrosis occurred in 11 patients (10.9%). At 1-year
      clinical follow-up, we observed 13 myocardial infarctions (13.7%), 8 target
      lesion revascularizations (8.4%), 18 target vessel revascularizations (19.0%), 2
      stent thromboses (2.1%), and 7 deaths (7.4%). The incidence of major adverse
      cardiac events, defined as death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel
      revascularization, was 30.5% at 1 year. By multivariable analysis, the presence
      of thrombus inside the graft before the procedure and the length of the stented
      segment were independent predictors of major adverse cardiac events at 1 year
      (hazard ratio for thrombus 4.07, 95% confidence interval 1.90 to 8.68, p =
      0.0003; hazard ratio per millimeter of stented length 1.02, 95% confidence
      interval 1.01 to 1.03, p = 0.025). In conclusion, our data show that patients
      with SVG lesions remain a high-risk subgroup with worse outcomes after
      percutaneous coronary intervention compared with native vessel disease even in
      the era of drug-eluting stents.

PMID- 18157969
TI  - Results of percutaneous coronary intervention of the unprotected left main
      coronary artery in 143 patients and comparison of 30-day mortality to results of
      coronary artery bypass grafting.
AB  - Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the unprotected left main coronary
      artery (LMCA) is controversial. In 143 patients who underwent PCI of the
      unprotected LMCA, 30-day mortality was compared with predicted cumulative risk
      adjusted perioperative surgical mortality based on logistic European System for
      Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation. One-year clinical follow-up was completed in
      all patients. The overall major adverse cardiac event rate at 1 year was 34.3%,
      reflecting the high-risk profile of the patient population. Twelve patients (8%)
      experienced an acute myocardial infarction and 16 (11%) underwent target lesion
      revascularization. In 31 patients (22%) who died during the first year, median
      logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation was 30%.
      Calculated RRs showed significantly lower 30-day mortality using PCI compared
      with predicted surgical mortality (RR 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.31 to
      0.86). Angiographic follow-up in 90 of the 118 patients alive at 6 months showed
      binary restenosis of 6% in patients treated with drug-eluting stents versus 29%
      in patients receiving bare-metal stents (p < or =0.01). In conclusion, PCI for
      unprotected LMCA disease was associated with acceptable short- and medium-term
      outcomes in patients at low to intermediate risk of bypass surgery. Mortality
      remains high in very high-risk patients unsuitable for surgery. However, in
      selected indications, PCI of the LMCA can offer an alternative to surgery,
      especially when using drug-eluting stents.

PMID- 18157970
TI  - Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and brachial artery vasodilator function
      in Framingham Offspring participants without clinical evidence of cardiovascular
      disease.
AB  - The metabolic syndrome (MS), a clustering of metabolic disturbances, is
      associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Limited information is available
      about the relations between MS, insulin resistance, and vascular function. We
      measured brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (n = 2,123) and reactive
      hyperemia (n = 1,521) in Framingham Offspring participants without diabetes or
      clinical cardiovascular disease (mean age 59 +/- 9 years, 57% women). MS,
      determined by National Cholesterol Education Program criteria, was present in 36%
      of participants. Insulin resistance was determined using Homeostatic Model
      Assessment. In age- and gender-adjusted models, MS was associated with lower flow
      mediated dilation and reactive hyperemia. There was progressively lower
      vasodilator function with increasing number of MS components (p for trend
      <0.0001). In multivariable models adjusting for the 5 MS components as continuous
      variables, MS (presence vs absence) remained associated with lower flow-mediated
      dilation (2.84 +/- 0.12% vs 3.17 +/- 0.08%, p = 0.0496) and reactive hyperemia
      (50.8 +/- 1.0 vs 54.4 +/- 0.7 cm/s, p = 0.009). Insulin resistance was inversely
      associated with flow-mediated dilation and reactive hyperemia in age- and gender
      adjusted models, but these relations were not significant in models adjusting for
      the MS components. In conclusion, our observations are consistent with the
      hypothesis that MS and insulin resistance impair vascular function predominantly
      through the influence of the component metabolic abnormalities that comprise MS.

PMID- 18157971
TI  - Association of traditional risk factors with cardiovascular death across 0 to 10,
      10 to 20, and >20 years follow-up in men and women.
AB  - Previous studies have evaluated the strength of the association between
      traditional risk factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) across varying lengths
      of follow-up in men. However, to our knowledge, little is known regarding the
      behavior of these risk factors across time in women. Thus, we sought to determine
      the association between traditional risk factors in men and women across follow
      up periods of 0 to 10, 10 to 20, and >20 years. We studied 9,033 men and 7,575
      women (ages 40 to 59 years) from 1967 to 1973 from the Chicago Heart Association
      Detection Project in Industry. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard
      models were constructed to compare the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence
      intervals (CI) for CVD risk factors measured at baseline across different periods
      of follow-up (0 to 10, 10 to 20, and >20 years). In women, the HRs for smoking
      and diabetes mellitus were strongest at 0 to 10 years (HR 5.38, 95% CI 2.99 to
      9.67 and 3.84, 95% CI 1.82 to 8.13, respectively) but decreased at >20 years (HR
      1.71, 95% CI 1.48 to 1.97 and 1.60, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.32, respectively). In men,
      the HR (per 4 kg/m(2)) for body mass index appeared to increase (0 to 10 years,
      1.01, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.14; >20 years, 1.20, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.28). In women, the
      association was similar across all follow-up periods. For both men and women, the
      HR for total serum cholesterol remained unchanged across the follow-up. In
      conclusion, we found gender differences in the patterns of association between
      risk factors measured at baseline and CVD death across different periods of
      follow-up. In women, the increased risk associated with both diabetes mellitus
      and smoking was most prominent in the early follow-up periods.

PMID- 18157972
TI  - Relative safety of gemfibrozil and fenofibrate in the absence of concomitant
      cerivastatin use.
AB  - Previous analyses of fibrate safety may have been driven by a higher propensity
      for gemfibrozil to interact with cerivastatin, which is currently off the market
      because of safety concerns. We reviewed gemfibrozil- and fenofibrate-associated
      adverse event reports (AERs) submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration
      over a 5-year period. To control for cerivastatin's impact on fibrate-associated
      AERs, reports with concomitant cerivastatin use were excluded. Rates per million
      prescriptions were calculated for all AERs, serious AERs, rhabdomyolysis AERs,
      muscle-related AERs without rhabdomyolysis, and liver AERs. The rates of all AERs
      (odds ratio [OR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69 to 0.83), serious AERs
      (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.81), and liver AERs (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.50)
      were significantly lower for gemfibrozil compared with fenofibrate (p <0.001 for
      each). In contrast, rates of rhabdomyolysis AERs (OR 2.67, 95% CI 2.11 to 3.39, p
      <0.001) and muscle-related AERs without rhabdomyolysis (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.12 to
      1.71, p = 0.002) were significantly higher for gemfibrozil compared with
      fenofibrate. In conclusion, the safety profiles of fibrates differ, with a higher
      rate of liver-related AERs associated with fenofibrate and a higher rate of
      muscle-related AERs associated with gemfibrozil. Rates of all AERs and serious
      AERs were higher with fenofibrate, but well within the range observed with
      commonly used lipid-altering medications.

PMID- 18157973
TI  - Relation of cumulative weight burden to vascular endothelial dysfunction in
      obesity.
AB  - Although excess fat mass is linked to increased cardiovascular risk, the relation
      between vascular phenotype and degree of obesity in high weight categories is
      unknown. We examined brachial artery vasomotor responses using ultrasound in 203
      consecutive patients with severe obesity (mean age 44 +/- 11 years; body mass
      index [BMI] 46 +/- 9 kg/m(2), range 30 to 72; and body weight 128 +/- 29 kg,
      range 69 to 207). We studied a unique population in which 71% of subjects were
      characterized as morbidly obese (BMI > or =40 kg/m(2)), which included a 31%
      group of super-obese subjects (BMI > or =50 kg/m(2)). Brachial artery flow
      mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation were examined as
      measures of endothelium-dependent and -independent dilation, respectively, in
      relation to clinical, hemodynamic, and metabolic variables. Endothelial function
      was significantly impaired in the highest compared with the lowest tertile of
      body weight (FMD 6.5 +/- 4.6% vs 9.8 +/- 4.8%, p <0.001), whereas nitroglycerin
      mediated dilation was similar in all groups. Univariate correlates of FMD were
      gender, weight, waist circumference, BMI, diastolic blood pressure, and
      creatinine. In multivariate analysis, weight was a strong independent significant
      predictor of FMD (beta = -0.23, p = 0.005) in addition to gender. Within an
      overweight population, cumulative weight burden remains strongly linked to
      progressive arterial dysfunction. In conclusion, these results suggest that
      cardiovascular risks intensify with higher degrees of obesity and underscore the
      importance of therapeutic weight loss interventions.

PMID- 18157974
TI  - Association of uncomplicated electrocardiographic conduction blocks with
      subsequent cardiac morbidity in a community-based population (Olmsted County,
      Minnesota).
AB  - Ventricular conduction blocks (VCBs) identified on a 12-lead electrocardiogram
      (ECG) are associated with poor outcomes in patients with known cardiac disease.
      The prognostic implications of uncomplicated VCB (right or left bundle branch
      block [RBBB or LBBB], left anterior hemiblock) in patients without cardiac
      diagnoses, however, need to be reevaluated in the current therapeutic era. The
      purpose of this study was to determine long-term cardiac morbidity and mortality
      in a community-based population with electrocardiographically-identified VCB,
      documented normal left ventricular ejection fraction, and no diagnoses of cardiac
      disease at the time of the index ECG. A retrospective observational cohort study
      was undertaken of patients in Olmsted County, Minnesota, evaluated from 1975 to
      1999. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis post-index electrocardiography was performed
      with median follow-up of 9.0 years; 706 patients (mean age 64 +/- 16 [SE] years)
      were identified. Of those, 12% had LBBB with left-axis deviation (LAD); 20% had
      LBBB without LAD; 26% had left anterior hemiblock; and 42% had RBBB. Kaplan-Meier
      analysis indicated a significant difference in cardiovascular morbidity risk
      among the VCB groups (p = 0.017) with left anterior hemiblock and LBBB with LAD,
      and these were associated with the highest 10-year cardiovascular morbidity risk
      (58% and 68%, respectively). The incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy was 3% in
      patients with LBBB with LAD compared with 0.85% in the overall cohort.
      Significant mortality differences were also demonstrated between LBBB with LAD
      compared with LBBB without LAD (p = 0.048), left anterior hemiblock compared with
      LBBB without LAD (p <0.0001), and left anterior hemiblock compared with RBBB (p =
      0.0007). In conclusion, the identification of uncomplicated VCB with LAD is
      associated with increased long-term cardiac morbidity/mortality risk, including
      the development of dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Isolated VCB is an early
      marker of cardiac co-morbidities and potentially identifies a high-risk group of
      patients who warrant preventive intervention.

PMID- 18157975
TI  - Three-dimensional shape analysis of right ventricular remodeling in repaired
      tetralogy of Fallot.
AB  - Understanding of right ventricular (RV) remodeling is needed to elucidate the
      mechanism of RV dysfunction in the overloaded right ventricle, but is hampered by
      the chamber's complex shape. We imaged 15 patients with repaired tetralogy of
      Fallot (TOF) and 8 normal subjects by magnetic resonance imaging in long- and
      short-axis views. We reconstructed the right ventricles in 3 dimensions using the
      piecewise smooth subdivision surface method. Shape was analyzed from cross
      sectional contours generated by intersecting the right ventricle with 20 planes
      evenly spaced from apex to tricuspid annulus. Patients with TOF had dilated right
      ventricles compared with normal (end-diastolic volume index 216 +/- 99 vs 81 +/-
      16 ml/m(2), p <0.001) but near-normal function (ejection fraction 40 +/- 9% vs 48
      +/- 12%, respectively, p = NS). RV shape in patients with TOF differed from
      normal subjects in several ways. First, the right ventricle had a larger
      normalized cross-sectional area in patients with TOF (p <0.01 in apical planes).
      Second, the cross-sectional shape was rounder in patients with TOF (p <0.05 in
      apical planes). Also, the interventricular septum underwent relatively less
      enlargement so that it comprised only 27 +/- 4% of total RV surface area in
      patients with TOF, compared with 33 +/- 2% in normal subjects (p = 0.0001). In
      addition, the right ventricle in patients with TOF exhibited bulging basal to the
      tricuspid valve (4 +/- 4% of total RV length), unlike normals (1 +/- 2%, p
      <0.001). This basal bulging was amplified by tilting of the tricuspid annulus (29
      +/- 11 degrees vs 15 +/- 7 degrees , respectively, p <0.005). In conclusion, the
      right ventricle remodels in several directions rather than following a shape
      continuum. Characterization of RV remodeling from 3-dimensional reconstructions
      provides novel insights.

PMID- 18157977
TI  - Prevalence of an increased ascending thoracic aorta diameter diagnosed by two
      dimensional echocardiography versus 64-multislice cardiac computed tomography.
AB  - The prevalence of an enlarged ascending thoracic aortic diameter (AAD) diagnosed
      by 2-dimensional echocardiography compared with 64-slice cardiac computed
      tomography (MSCT) was investigated in 97 women and 117 men (mean age 65 +/- 12
      years). Enlarged AADs were diagnosed in 42 of 214 patients (20%) by
      echocardiography and in 45 of 214 patients (21%) by MSCT (p = NS). The
      sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive
      value of echocardiography in diagnosing an enlarged AAD using MSCT were 69%, 93%,
      74%, and 92%, respectively. A Bland-Altman plot showed that the agreement for AAD
      measured by echocardiography and MSCT was 95% inside the 2-SD limits. In
      conclusion, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative
      predictive value of 2-dimensional echocardiography in diagnosing enlarged AAD
      using MSCT were 69%, 93%, 74%, and 92%, respectively.

PMID- 18157976
TI  - Risk factors for in-hospital mortality during infective endocarditis in patients
      with congenital heart disease.
AB  - Despite developments in preventative and medical therapy, infective endocarditis
      (IE) carries a high rate of mortality. Risk factors for mortality are unknown in
      pediatric and adult patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). We determined
      the risk factors for in-hospital mortality in pediatric and adult patients with
      CHD. A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted from January 1997
      to December 2001 in Japan. Of the 239 patients for whom complete data were
      available, 216 patients with CHD were identified. Outcomes were alive or
      deceased. The proposed modified Duke's criteria identified 137 patients, aged 1
      month to 62 years with a median of 12 years, with IE. In-hospital mortality was
      10%. Four risk factors were independently associated with mortality by stepwise
      logistic regression analysis: (1) vegetation size > or =20 mm (odds ratio 40.6,
      95% confidence interval 2.42 to 681); (2) age <1 year (odds ratio 19.5, 95%
      confidence interval 1.74 to 219); (3) presence of heart failure (odds ratio 7.16,
      95% confidence ratio 1.34 to 38.4); and (4) Staphylococcus aureus as a causative
      organism (odds ratio 5.68, 95% confidence interval 1.16 to 27.9). Surgical
      intervention emerged as a predictive factor for lower in-hospital mortality (odds
      ratio 0.045, 95% confidence interval 0.003 to 0.70) by stepwise logistic
      regression analysis. In conclusion, surgical intervention, which decreases the
      risk of in-hospital mortality, should always be considered.

PMID- 18157978
TI  - Influence of renal function on the usefulness of N-terminal pro-B-type
      natriuretic peptide as a prognostic cardiac risk marker in patients undergoing
      noncardiac vascular surgery.
AB  - N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) is related to stress
      induced myocardial ischemia and/or volume overload, both common in patients with
      renal dysfunction. This might compromise the prognostic usefulness of NT-pro-BNP
      in patients with renal impairment before vascular surgery. We assessed the
      prognostic value of NT-pro-BNP in the entire strata of renal function. In 356
      patients (median age 69 years, 77% men), cardiac history, glomerular filtration
      rate (GFR, ml/min/1.73 m(2)), and NT-pro-BNP level (pg/ml) were assessed
      preoperatively. Troponin T and electrocardiography were assessed postoperatively
      on days 1, 3, 7, and 30. The end point was the composite of cardiovascular death,
      Q-wave myocardial infarction, and troponin T release. Multivariate analysis was
      used to evaluate the interaction between GFR, NT-pro-BNP and their association
      with postoperative outcome. Median GFR was 78 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and the median
      concentration of NT-pro-BNP was 197 pg/ml. The end point was reached in 64
      patients (18%); cardiac death occurred in 7 (2.0%), Q-wave myocardial infarction
      in 34 (9.6%), and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction in 23 (6.5%). After adjustment
      for confounders, NT-pro-BNP levels and GFR remained significantly associated with
      the end point (p = 0.005). The prognostic value of NT-pro-BNP was most pronounced
      in patients with GFR > or =90 (odds ratio [OR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]
      0.80 to 1.76) compared with patients with GFR 60 to 89 (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.002 to
      1.07), and with GFR 30 to 59 (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.21). In patients with GFR
      <30 ml/min/1.73 m(2), NT-pro-BNP levels have no prognostic value (OR 1.00, 95% CI
      0.99 to 1.01). In conclusion, the discriminative value of NT-pro-BNP is most
      pronounced in patients with GFR > or =90 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and has no prognostic
      value in patients with GFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m(2).

PMID- 18157979
TI  - Sorting through the relations among metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and
      endothelial dysfunction.

PMID- 18157980
TI  - Jean S. Kan, MD: a conversation with Colin K.L. Phoon, MPhil, MD.

PMID- 18157992
TI  - Psychological factors associated with self-reported sensitivity to mobile phones.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Some people report symptoms associated with mobile phone use. A
      minority also report "electrosensitivity," experiencing symptoms following
      exposure to other electrical devices. Research suggests that electromagnetic
      fields do not trigger these symptoms. In this study, we examined the differences
      between these two "sensitive" groups and healthy controls. METHODS: Fifty-two
      people who reported sensitivity to mobile phones, 19 people who reported
      sensitivity to mobile phones and "electrosensitivity," and 60 nonsensitive
      controls completed a questionnaire assessing the following: primary reason for
      using a mobile phone, psychological health, symptoms of depression, modern health
      worries (MHW), general health status, symptom severity, and the presence of other
      medically unexplained syndromes. RESULTS: Perceived sensitivity was associated
      with an increased likelihood of using a mobile phone predominantly for work (3%
      of controls, 13% of those sensitive to mobile phones, and 21% of those reporting
      "electrosensitivity") and greater MHW concerning radiation [mean (S.D.) on a
      scale of 1-5: 2.0 (1.0), 2.7 (0.9), and 4.0 (0.8), respectively]. Participants
      who reported "electrosensitivity" also experienced greater depression, greater
      worries about tainted food and toxic interventions, worse general health on
      almost every measure, and a greater number of other medically unexplained
      syndromes compared to participants from the other two groups. No group
      differences were observed with regards to psychiatric cases. CONCLUSIONS: The
      data illustrate that patients reporting "electrosensitivity" experience
      substantially worse health than either healthy individuals or people who report
      sensitivity to mobile phones but who do not adopt the label "electrosensitivity."
      Clinicians and researchers would be wise to pay greater attention to this
      subdivision.

PMID- 18157994
TI  - A shared decision-making communication training program for physicians treating
      fibromyalgia patients: effects of a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a condition of chronic widespread pain
      that is difficult to control and is associated with strains in physician-patient
      interaction. Shared decision making (SDM) can be a potential solution to improve
      interaction. We evaluated the effects of an SDM intervention, including an SDM
      communication training program for physicians, in a randomized controlled trial
      with FMS patients. The main objective was to assess whether SDM improves the
      quality of physician-patient interaction from patients' perspective. METHODS:
      Patients were randomized to either an SDM group or an information-only group. The
      SDM group was treated by physicians trained in SDM communication and had access
      to a computer-based information package; the information-only group received only
      the information package and was treated by standard physicians. All patients were
      offered the same evidence-based treatment options for FMS. Patients were assessed
      with questionnaires on physician-patient interaction (main outcome criteria) and
      decisional processes. Physicians filled out a questionnaire on interaction
      difficulties. Assessment took place immediately after the initial consultation.
      RESULTS: Data from 85 FMS patients (44 in the SDM group and 41 in the information
      only group) were analyzed. The mean age was 49.9 years (S.D.=10.2), and 91.8% of
      patients were female. The quality of physician-patient interaction was
      significantly higher in the SDM group than in the information-only group
      (P<.001). We found no differences in secondary outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: SDM
      with FMS patients might be a possible means to achieve a positive quality of
      physician-patient interaction. A specific SDM communication training program
      teaches physicians to perform SDM and reduces frustration in patients.

PMID- 18157995
TI  - Development of a paradigm for measuring somatic disturbance in clinical
      populations with medically unexplained symptoms.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop an experimental paradigm, using healthy
      controls, to measure change in tactile sensitivity and response bias for
      subsequent testing of patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS).
      METHODS: Participants judged whether or not they detected a weak tactile pulse
      (presented in 50% of trials). Performance in two conditions (tactile pulses
      presented with or without a concomitant light) was compared using signal
      detection analysis to assess whether a task-irrelevant light can invoke the
      sensation of touch, even in its absence. RESULTS: The results showed that the
      presence of a concurrent light significantly improved participants' detection of
      the tactile stimulus by 13.7% [t(18)=4.24, P<.001]. Also, more false alarms
      (perceiving that the touch was present when it was not) were made when the light
      was present [t(18)=2.10, P=.05]. Although differences in sensitivity between the
      light conditions were not significant [t(18)=1.14, P=.268], participants were
      more likely to report a touch, regardless of whether a touch was presented or
      not, in the light-present condition [t(18)=-3.84, P=.001]. CONCLUSION: When
      discriminating weak vibration pulses on the finger from no stimulation, a
      simultaneous light was capable of creating the sensation of touch, even when it
      was not present. The findings of this research will be of interest to those
      studying psychosomatic disorders or MUS, where patients experience physical
      symptoms without an identifiable organic cause. This paradigm provides an
      experimental measure of such distortions in perception, which may elucidate
      underlying mechanisms of action.

PMID- 18157996
TI  - Psychometric properties of the DASS-Depression scale among a Brazilian population
      with chronic pain.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Depression is a common contributor to suffering and disability in
      people with chronic pain. However, the assessment of depression in this
      population has been hampered by the presence of a number of somatic symptoms that
      are shared between chronic pain, treatment side-effects and traditional concepts
      of depression. As a result, the use of depression measures that do not contain
      somatic items has been encouraged. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the
      psychometric properties of the Depression sub-scale of the Depression Anxiety and
      Stress Scales (DASS) in a Brazilian chronic pain patient population. METHOD: Data
      on a number of measures were collected from 348 participants attending pain
      facilities. RESULTS: Principal components and exploratory factor analyses
      indicated the presence of only one factor. Item analyses indicated adequate item
      scale correlations. The Cronbach alpha was .96, which suggests an excellent
      internal consistency. CONCLUSION: The DASS-Depression scale has adequate
      psychometric properties and its further use with Brazilian chronic pain
      populations can now be supported.

PMID- 18157997
TI  - Trauma, PTSD, and physical health: an epidemiological study of Australian Vietnam
      veterans.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the relative contributions to physical
      health of combat trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which
      have both been implicated separately in poorer physical health but whose
      unconfounded effects have not been teased out. METHODS: Data from an
      epidemiological study of Australian Vietnam veterans, which used personal
      interviews and standardized physical and psychiatric health assessments, provided
      the means to assess the independent and joint effects of psychological trauma
      exposure and PTSD on a wide range of self-reported measures of physical health.
      Trauma exposure was measured by published scales of combat exposure and
      peritraumatic dissociation. Logistic regression modeling was used to assess the
      relative importance of trauma exposure and PTSD to health while controlling for a
      set of potential confounders including standardized psychiatric diagnoses.
      RESULTS: Greater health service usage and more recent health actions were
      associated more strongly with PTSD, which was also associated with a range of
      illness conditions coded by the World Health Organization International
      Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition (asthma, eczema, arthritis, back and
      other musculoskeletal disorders, and hypertension) both before and after
      controlling for potential confounders. In contrast, combat exposure and
      peritraumatic dissociation were more weakly associated with a limited number of
      unconfounded physical health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided evidence
      that PTSD, rather than combat exposure and peritraumatic dissociation, is
      associated with a pattern of physical health outcomes that is consistent with
      altered inflammatory responsiveness.

PMID- 18157998
TI  - Understanding different beliefs held by adherers, unintentional nonadherers, and
      intentional nonadherers: application of the Necessity-Concerns Framework.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore beliefs about medicines,
      using the Necessity-Concerns Framework, of patients who report adherence,
      unintentional nonadherence, and intentional nonadherence. METHOD: This study
      performed a cross-sectional survey of patients starting a new medication for a
      chronic condition. Self-reported adherence was assessed via telephone interview.
      The Necessity-Concerns Framework was operationalized using the Beliefs About
      Medicines Questionnaire, which assesses beliefs about the necessity of and
      concerns with taking medications. RESULTS: Intentional nonadherers, compared to
      adherers, had lower perceptions of the necessity of their new medication and
      higher levels of concerns about taking it. Conversely, unintentional nonadherers
      were not significantly different from adherers. Intentional nonadherers were more
      likely to rate their concerns as high relative to their need for treatment than
      both adherers and unintentional nonadherers. CONCLUSION: When patients start a
      new medication for a chronic condition, intentional nonadherers hold beliefs
      significantly different from those of adherers and unintentional nonadherers.
      These findings have implications for practice in helping clinicians to reduce
      this type of nonadherence.

PMID- 18157999
TI  - Beliefs about medicines predict refill adherence to inhaled corticosteroids.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Despite the importance of the chronic use of inhaled corticosteroids
      (ICS) in maintaining asthma control, reported adherence varies between 40% and
      60%. The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) has been shown to correlate
      with self-reported adherence. The aim of this study is to investigate whether
      beliefs about ICS (necessity and concerns), as measured by the BMQ, relate to
      adherence objectively measured by prescription-refill records. METHODS: In a
      cross-sectional study of patients aged 18-45 years who filled at least two ICS
      prescriptions in 11 community pharmacies in The Netherlands, perceptions of ICS
      were assessed using the BMQ. Additionally, self-reported adherence was assessed
      using the Medication Adherence Report Scale. ICS prescription-refill adherence
      rates for a 12-month period prior to the survey were obtained from automated
      pharmacy dispensing records. Four attitudinal groups were defined using the
      necessity and concerns constructs. Statistical tests were used to examine
      associations between ICS adherence (assessed by subjective self-report and
      objective pharmacy records), specific beliefs about and attitudes towards ICS,
      and more general beliefs about pharmaceuticals. RESULTS: Questionnaires were
      returned by 238 patients (51.1%). Both self-reported adherence (r=.38) and
      adherence by pharmacy records (rho=0.32) correlated with ICS necessity beliefs
      and concerns. Patients defined as skeptical, indifferent, ambivalent, or
      accepting, on the basis of these constructs, differed with respect to both their
      attitudes towards medicines in general and their adherence to medication.
      CONCLUSIONS: Patients' beliefs about ICS correlate not only with adherence by
      self-report but also with a more objective measure of medication adherence
      calculated by pharmacy dispensing records. The necessity-concerns constructs
      offer a potentially useful framework to help clinicians elicit key treatment
      beliefs influencing adherence to ICS.

PMID- 18158000
TI  - The effectiveness of the Training and Support Program for parents of children
      with disabilities: a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The Training and Support Program (TSP) was designed to equip parents
      of children with disabilities with a simple massage skill for use with their
      children in the home environment. The effectiveness of the TSP was examined in a
      randomized controlled trial with a wait-list control group. METHODS: Parents were
      trained in massage by suitably qualified therapists in eight weekly sessions,
      each lasting 1 h. The sample comprised 188 parents who were randomized to an
      intervention group (n=95), who attended the TSP with their children immediately,
      or a control group (n=93), who were offered the TSP after 4 months of follow-up.
      Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires at baseline and at 4
      month follow-up. RESULTS: The majority of participants were mothers (88%), with a
      partner (88%), and White European (82%); 40% worked full-time or part-time, and
      34% had health problems (e.g., chronic fatigue, cancer, and arthritis). The TSP
      demonstrated statistically significant positive effects on parental self-efficacy
      (PSE) for managing children's psychosocial well-being and depressed mood (0.004
      and 0.007). There were trends toward improvement on parental satisfaction with
      life (P=.053), global health (P=.065), and parental ratings of children's
      sleeping (P=.074) and mobility (P=.012). Effect sizes were small (0.11-0.23).
      Levels of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress were all higher than
      published norms. CONCLUSION: The TSP is an effective means of improving PSE and
      depressed mood. Additional means of supporting parents need to be investigated.

PMID- 18158001
TI  - Type-D personality mechanisms of effect: the role of health-related behavior and
      social support.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To (a) investigate the prevalence of type-D personality (the conjoint
      effects of negative affectivity and social inhibition) in a healthy British and
      Irish population; (b) to test the influence of type-D on health-related behavior,
      and (c) to determine if these relationships are explained by neuroticism.
      METHODS: A cross-sectional design was employed; 1012 healthy young adults (225
      males, 787 females, mean age 20.5 years) from the United Kingdom and Ireland
      completed measures of type-D personality, health behaviors, social support, and
      neuroticism. RESULTS: The prevalence of type-D was found to be 38.5%,
      significantly higher than that reported in other European countries. In addition,
      type-D individuals reported performing significantly fewer health-related
      behaviors and lower levels of social support than non-type-D individuals. These
      relationships remained significant after controlling for neuroticism. CONCLUSION:
      These findings provide new evidence on type-D and suggest a role for health
      related behavior in explaining the link between type-D and poor clinical
      prognosis in cardiac patients.

PMID- 18158002
TI  - Personality and body mass index: a cross-sectional analysis from the Miyagi
      Cohort Study.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Obesity is an increasingly prevalent public health problem worldwide,
      and is associated with a higher risk of developing various noncommunicable
      diseases. To further examine the association between personality and overweight,
      obesity, or underweight, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis in Japan. We
      hypothesized that extraversion and psychoticism would have a positive association
      with overweight, and that neuroticism and lie would have an inverse association
      with overweight, whereas the association between personality and underweight
      would be the reverse image of overweight. METHODS: In 1990, 30,722 subjects (40
      64 years of age) completed a self-administered questionnaire including body
      weight and height and the Japanese version of the Eysenck Personality
      Questionnaire-Revised Short Form. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was
      used to calculate odds ratios for overweight [body mass index (BMI)> or =25.0
      kg/m2] or underweight (BMI<18.5) relative to each category on the personality
      subscale. RESULTS: In men and women, extraversion and psychoticism had positive
      associations with overweight, whereas neuroticism had an inverse association. Lie
      had an inverse association with overweight in men. In men and women, only
      extraversion had an inverse association with underweight and neuroticism had a
      positive association with underweight. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that
      personality is associated with both overweight and underweight. These results may
      provide clues to devising more effective measures for preventing overweight,
      obesity, or underweight or for weight control intervention.

PMID- 18158003
TI  - The SCOFF-c: psychometric properties of the Catalan version in a Spanish
      adolescent sample.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to validate the Catalan version of the
      SCOFF questionnaire with a community sample of adolescents. METHOD: This study
      used a community sample of 954 participants (475 girls and 479 boys; aged between
      10.9 and 17.3 years and from the city of Barcelona) and a risk group of 78
      participants (35 men and 43 women; derived from the community sample) that have
      exceeded > or =95 percentile in at least two of the three scales of the Eating
      Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2): Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, and Body
      Dissatisfaction. RESULTS: There were significant differences in total SCOFF
      scores across gender and school grades. The SCOFF best cutoff point was 2
      (sensitivity=73.08%; specificity=77.74%). Concurrent validity with the EDI-2
      varied between low and moderate. The reliability of the SCOFF questionnaire was
      moderate. Exploratory factor analysis of the SCOFF questionnaire showed a two
      factor structure for the total sample and for girls, and one factor for boys.
      CONCLUSION: The best cutoff point for this community sample is 2. The data
      suggest that the SCOFF questionnaire could be a useful screening questionnaire to
      enable the detection of groups possibly at risk for eating disorders among
      adolescent Spanish community samples.

PMID- 18158004
TI  - Predicting changes in eating disorder symptoms among Chinese adolescents: a 9
      month prospective study.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Body image and eating disturbances have become global phenomena, yet
      prospective designs have rarely been employed in research on non-Western samples.
      This study tested the extent to which select features of the dual-pathway account
      of bulimic disturbances contributed to changes in eating disorder symptoms
      reported among adolescents from China. METHODS: A sample of 593 Chinese middle
      school and high school students (217 boys, 376 girls) completed measures of
      eating disorder symptoms, body image concerns, internalized physical appearance
      ideals, negative affect, and appearance-based social pressure, teasing, and
      comparison and returned 9 months later to complete the same measures. RESULTS:
      For both girls and boys, increases in eating disorder symptoms between Times 1
      and 2 were predicted by higher baseline levels of fatness concern and perceived
      social pressure. Among the girls, negative affect also contributed marginally to
      changes in eating disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest specific risk
      factors including personal concerns about being fat and negative social feedback
      about physical appearance, may help to explain changes in eating disturbances of
      adolescents over time and across specific cultures.

PMID- 18158005
TI  - Obesity and mental disorders in the adult general population.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate (i) the associations between
      mental disorders (in particular the anxiety disorders) and obesity in the general
      population and (ii) potential moderators of those associations (ethnicity, age,
      sex, and education). METHODS: A nationally representative face-to-face household
      survey was conducted in New Zealand with 12,992 participants 16 years and older,
      achieving a response rate of 73.3%. Ethnic subgroups (Maori and Pacific peoples)
      were oversampled. Mental disorders were measured with the Composite International
      Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Height and weight were self-reported. Obesity
      was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m(2) or greater. RESULTS: Obesity
      was significantly associated with any mood disorder (OR 1.23), major depressive
      disorder (OR 1.27), any anxiety disorder (OR 1.46), and most strongly with some
      individual anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (OR
      2.64). Sociodemographic correlates moderated the association between obesity and
      mood disorders but were less influential in obesity-anxiety disorder
      associations. Adjustment for the comorbidity between anxiety and mood disorders
      made little difference to the relationship between obesity and anxiety disorders
      (OR 1.36) but rendered the association between obesity and mood disorders
      insignificant (OR 1.05). CONCLUSION: Stronger associations were observed between
      anxiety disorders and obesity than between mood disorders and obesity; the
      association between PTSD and obesity is a novel finding. These findings are
      interpreted in light of research on the role of anxiety in eating pathology, and
      deserve the further attention of researchers and clinicians.

PMID- 18158006
TI  - Catatonia and psychosis associated with sibutramine: a case report and
      pathophysiologic correlation.
AB  - Sibutramine is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake intake inhibitor approved
      for the management of obesity. It has various CNS adverse effects and a few case
      reports of psychiatric manifestations. Here, we report a case of severe catatonic
      and psychotic symptoms associated with sibutramine overuse in the patient who had
      no prior psychiatric history. The symptoms subsequently resolved completely with
      cessation. Given the widespread use of sibutramine, this case would be of
      interest to practitioners of internal medicine and psychiatry. Moreover, as
      sibutramine may be used for weight management in patients on antipsychotic
      medications, the implications on psychotic symptoms need to be explored further.
      We also discuss possible pathophysiologic underpinnings.

PMID- 18158008
TI  - Laboratory and clinical development of single keyhole umbilical nephrectomy.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe our initial experience with single keyhole nephrectomy in
      a porcine model and in human subjects. METHODS: Eight nonsurvival laparoscopic
      nephrectomies were performed in 4 female farm pigs. In 3 renal units, the
      laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed via a novel single 25-mm trocar, while the
      remaining 5 nephrectomies were performed using one 10-mm and two 5-mm adjacent
      trocars. Articulating laparoscopic graspers, conventional endoshears, clips, and
      a stapler were used for dissection. Three human subjects underwent a single
      keyhole umbilical laparoscopic nephrectomy with similar instrumentation.
      Indications for nephrectomy included chronic infection in a nonfunctioning kidney
      in 2 patients, and a 4.5-cm enhancing renal mass in the other patient. RESULTS:
      Single keyhole nephrectomy was successfully completed in all 8 porcine renal
      units and in all 3 human subjects. The mean operative time for the porcine
      nephrectomies was 49 minutes (range, 20 to 85), with a mean blood loss of 20 mL
      (range, 5 to 100). Incision size ranged from 3 to 5 cm. The mean operative time
      for the human nephrectomy cases was 133 minutes (range, 90 to 160). Estimated
      blood loss was 30 mL, and the kidneys were extracted through a solitary 2 to 4.5
      cm periumbilical incision. There were no perioperative complications, and all 3
      patients were discharged on hospital day 2. CONCLUSIONS: Keyhole umbilical
      nephrectomy utilizing articulating laparoscopic instrumentation to facilitate
      triangulation is feasible. We demonstrate safe and successful completion both in
      a porcine model and in the 3 human patients. Future studies will need to assess
      the benefits of single-access surgery in comparison to conventional laparoscopy.

PMID- 18158009
TI  - Shock wave lithotripsy success for renal stones based on patient and stone
      computed tomography characteristics.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine the patient and noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT)
      stone characteristics that predict either of 2 extracorporeal shock wave
      lithotripsy (ESWL) outcomes: stone-free (SF) status or ESWL success. METHODS: The
      records of 200 consecutive patients with nephrolithiasis treated with ESWL were
      reviewed. Patient age, sex, stone laterality, body surface area, body mass index,
      maximal stone dimension, mean stone Hounsfield units (HU), stone Hounsfield
      density, skin-to-stone distance (SSD), and intrarenal stone location were studied
      as potential predictors. Patients with no calcifications on postoperative
      kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) at 6 weeks were defined as SF. ESWL success
      was defined as SF or remaining stone fragments less than 4 mm. RESULTS:
      Intrarenal stone location was found to be the only predictor of SF status. Renal
      pelvic/ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) stones cleared better than calyceal stones,
      and upper/middle calyceal stones cleared better than lower calyceal stones. Stone
      size, mean HU, and location predicted ESWL fragmentation success. Smaller stones
      and stones with lower mean HU levels were more successfully fragmented. Higher SF
      and ESWL success rates were found with a shorter SSD among calyceal stones when
      renal pelvic/UPJ stones were excluded from analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Stone location
      is the most important factor in achieving SF status after ESWL. NCCT stone
      characteristics such as stone size, mean HU, and intrarenal location are
      important predictors of ESWL success.

PMID- 18158011
TI  - Endoscopic management of obstructive complications in ureterosigmoidostomy.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Although rarely used today for supravesical urinary diversion,
      ureterosigmoidostomy remains useful in patients with bladder exstrophy. However,
      management of ureteral stricture and ureteral urolithiasis is challenging because
      of the lack of anatomic landmarks. METHODS: We reviewed our prospectively
      collected database from 1994 to 2006 for all patients requiring surgical
      treatment for obstructive complications associated with ureterosigmoidostomy.
      RESULTS: Our analysis revealed 3 patients (mean age 46 years; 2 men and 1 woman).
      All 3 patients had undergone ureterosigmoidostomy as a component of bladder
      exstrophy management. All patients presented with renal failure due to
      obstruction and required antegrade endoscopic management. Two patients had
      anastomotic strictures and one had obstructive urolithiasis. One patient in whom
      the stricture was judged to be chronic was treated with an endoureterotomy and
      Acucise balloon. The second patient, who had an acute obstruction after
      colonoscopic biopsy of his anastomosis, was treated with antegrade balloon
      dilation. Both patients had stents placed across the anastomosis for 6 weeks
      postoperatively. Despite reflux of stool into the collecting system, neither
      patient manifested with local or systemic signs of infection. The patient with
      urolithiasis required antegrade basket stone extraction. CONCLUSIONS: Obstructive
      complications after ureterosigmoidostomy should be managed using antegrade
      endoscopic techniques.

PMID- 18158012
TI  - Gum chewing stimulates bowel motility in patients undergoing radical cystectomy
      with urinary diversion.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Several studies have shown that gum chewing may stimulate bowel
      motility after gastrointestinal surgery. Because urinary diversion typically uses
      a segment of bowel, it is conceivable that patients undergoing cystectomy and
      diversion may benefit from gum chewing. This study aimed to determine whether gum
      chewing in the immediate postoperative period facilitates a return to bowel
      function in patients undergoing cystectomy and urinary diversion. METHODS: A
      total of 102 patients underwent radical cystectomy and urinary diversion for
      clinically localized bladder cancer. Each patient followed our institution's
      perioperative cystectomy care plan. The first cohort of patients underwent
      surgery between July 2004 and August 2005 and served as a comparison (control)
      group in which no gum was dispensed. The second cohort underwent surgery during
      September 2005 to July 2006. These patients were given chewing gum to begin on
      postoperative day 1. Outcome measures included time to flatus, time to bowel
      movement, length of hospital stay, and complications. RESULTS: The time to flatus
      was shorter in patients who received gum compared with controls (2.4 versus 2.9
      days; P <0.001). Also, time to bowel movement was reduced in patients who
      received gum (3.2 versus 3.9 days; P <0.001). There was no significant difference
      in length of hospital stay between gum-chewing patients and controls (4.7 versus
      5.1 days, respectively; P = 0.067). Gum chewing was well tolerated in all
      patients. CONCLUSIONS: Gum chewing may speed the recovery of bowel function after
      cystectomy and diversion. These findings are consistent with outcomes in the
      colorectal surgery published data that support the use of chewing gum as an easy
      and inexpensive way to enhance recovery after surgery.

PMID- 18158013
TI  - Wire-based ureteral stents: impact on tensile strength and compression.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of coil-based ureteral stents in terms of
      tensile strength and the radial compression force. METHODS: Three Cook Resonance
      (RES) metallic coil stents and three coil-reinforced Applied Medical Silhouette
      (SIL) ureteral stents were tested. An MTS MicroBionix Testing System using
      Testworks II software, vibration isolation table, and 5-N load cell were used to
      measure tensile and compressive strength. Stents were placed in hydraulic grips
      spaced 24 cm apart and stretched at a rate of 5 mm/s for 1 second under uniaxial
      tension. Extrinsic compression was exerted in 0.2-mm increments to maximum
      compression. The Young's modulus, E, was calculated for each trial using the
      engineering stress. Comparisons were made with the Cook C-flex, which in previous
      studies was shown to be stiffer and more resistant to compression than other
      traditional polymer stents. RESULTS: The RES and SIL stents demonstrated tensile
      strengths of 936 +/- 485 kPa and 770 +/- 82 kPa, respectively (P = 0.02). The
      elastic modulus required to cause extrinsic compression was lower for the RES
      (63,248 +/- 3218 Pa) than for the SIL (105,664 +/- 11,529 Pa) (P <0.001). Both
      stents were more resistant to stent compression than previously tested stents
      without coil-reinforcement, the strongest of which was the Cook C-Flex (E =
      30,355 +/- 910 Pa; P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both the Cook Resonance and Applied
      Medical Silhouette stents are more resistant to extrinsic stent compression than
      ureteral stents that are not coil-reinforced. The Cook Resonance has a higher
      tensile strength, whereas the Applied Medical Silhouette is more resistant to
      extrinsic compression.

PMID- 18158014
TI  - Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy: a single-center sequential experience
      comparing hand-assisted versus standard technique.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To analyzed our institution's 8-year experience (October 1997 through
      March 2006) with laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) and hand-assisted LDN
      (HALDN), comparing donor and recipient outcomes. METHODS: A total of 482 LDNs
      were compared with 318 HALDNs with respect to donor sex, age, body mass index,
      hospital length of stay, donor and recipient serum creatinine levels, and
      incidence and type of complications. All HALDN were performed using hand-assist
      devices. RESULTS: Mean (+/-SD) ages were similar in both groups (41 +/- 10 years
      versus 39 +/- 10 years; P = NS). Mean body mass index was greater in the HALDN
      compared with the LDN group (29 +/- 5 kg/m2 versus 27 +/- 5 kg/m2; P <0.01).
      Hospital length of stay was longer in the LDN group (1.6 +/- 0.7 days versus 1.2
      +/- 0.6 days; P <0.01). Graft function and donor's 1-week serum creatinine levels
      were similar (1.9 +/- 1.6 mg/dL versus 1.2 +/- 0.4 mg/dL; P = NS). The
      intraoperative complication rate for LDN and HALDN was 3.3% and 2.2%,
      respectively (P = NS). Postoperative complications occurred in 3.3% of LDNs and
      4.7% of HALDNs (P = NS). The conversion rate was 1.9% for LDN and 0.6% for HALDN
      (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Both LDN and HALDN are safe and effective. Hand-assisted
      LDN was not associated with an increased risk of incisional morbidity,
      postoperative ileus, or delayed graft function. The HALDN group experienced as
      uneventful and as rapid a recovery as the LDN group.

PMID- 18158015
TI  - The role of partial nephrectomy for the management of sporadic renal
      angiomyolipoma.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Angiomyolipoma is a benign renal tumor that has a propensity to grow
      over time and may cause local complications. Given the benign nature of these
      lesions, renal-preserving treatments are favored. We evaluated our experience
      with nephron-sparing surgery for renal angiomyolipoma. METHODS: We reviewed our
      institutional nephrectomy registry to identify patients treated with nephron
      sparing surgery for renal angiomyolipoma between 1970 and 2004. Patients with a
      diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis were excluded. Patient demographics,
      perioperative complications, and postoperative outcomes were recorded. RESULTS:
      We identified 58 patients treated with nephron-sparing surgery for sporadic renal
      angiomyolipoma, including 44 women and 14 men. The median tumor size was 3.9 cm
      (range, 0.8-12.5 cm). In 7 patients (12%), several ipsilateral angiomyolipomas
      were resected, whereas 2 patients were treated with nephron-sparing surgery for
      bilateral angiomyolipomas. The overall early complication rate was 12%, including
      a urine leak in 3 (5%) patients. At a median postoperative follow-up of 8 years
      (range, 1-31 years), 2 (3.4%) patients had radiographic evidence of local
      recurrence, although no patient experienced symptom recurrence. The median
      preoperative serum creatinine level was 1.0 mg/dL (range, 0.5-3.9 mg/dL), and the
      median creatinine level at last follow-up was 1.1 mg/dL (range, 0.6-3.6 mg/dL).
      No patient developed de novo chronic renal insufficiency after nephron-sparing
      surgery, including 4 patients treated for angiomyolipomas in a solitary kidney.
      CONCLUSIONS: Nephron-sparing surgery for sporadic renal angiomyolipomas offers
      preservation of renal function and is associated with acceptable complication and
      low local recurrence rates. The results of this study support nephron-sparing
      surgery for these lesions.

PMID- 18158016
TI  - Sacral neuromodulation: cost considerations and clinical benefits.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the efficacy of sacral neuromodulation and compare
      voiding-related health care utilization costs before and after receiving an
      implant. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients receiving InterStim therapy
      (Medtronic Neurological, Minneapolis, Minn) was completed. Health care
      utilization was determined for the year before and the year after implantation,
      and included hospital and clinic visits, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures,
      and prescriptions. Utilization costs were derived from Medicare CPT coding and
      reimbursement data. Drug costs were derived from the actual pharmacy costs.
      Efficacy was assessed subjectively by patient-reported questionnaire and
      objectively by voiding diary, pad usage, and number of catheterizations. RESULTS:
      Sixty-five patients received InterStim therapy. Outpatient visits for urinary
      symptoms decreased in the 12 months after implantation with a mean decrease of
      2.2 visits (P <0.0001). This resulted in a 73% reduction in average yearly office
      visit expenses from $994 to $265 per patient. After implant, diagnostic and
      therapeutic procedures performed decreased by 0.97 (P <0.0001). This translated
      into a decrease in the cost of therapeutic and diagnostic procedures from $733 to
      $59 per patient (P <0.0001). Drug costs were significantly decreased (P <0.02)
      from $693 to $483 per patient. These cost savings represent a 92% reduction in
      outpatient doctor visits and diagnostic and procedure costs along with and a 30%
      reduction in drug expenditures. CONCLUSION: After InterStim therapy, voiding
      related health care costs are reduced. InterStim therapy is an effective
      treatment option with high patient satisfaction for medically refractory voiding
      dysfunction.

PMID- 18158020
TI  - The safety and efficacy of different doses of bacillus Calmette Guerin in
      superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To conduct a trial using three different doses of bacillus Calmette
      Guerin (BCG) to determine whether lowering the dose of BCG could reduce toxicity
      without compromising its efficacy in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer.
      METHODS: From July 2002 to June 2005, 152 patients with superficial bladder
      cancer entered the trial. The patients were randomized to receive three different
      doses of BCG: 40, 80, and 120 mg. There were no significant differences in
      clinical and pathologic characteristics among the three groups. Twenty-four
      patients could not be followed to the end of the study because of poor
      compliance. At completion of the study, 40 patients could be evaluated in group A
      (40 mg), 48 in group B (80 mg), and 40 in group C (120 mg). RESULTS: After
      treatment patients were evaluated for a mean follow-up period of 36 months (range
      18 to 52 months). No significant difference in recurrence rate (20% versus 25%
      versus 20% respectively; P >0.05) was observed among the groups, and no
      progression of the disease was seen. Significant differences were observed among
      groups A, B, and C in local toxicity (30% versus 41.7% versus 70%, respectively;
      P <0.01). Systemic toxicity was more common in group C compared with groups B and
      A (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Reduction in the dose of intravesical BCG can reduce
      the toxicity associated with the treatment of superficial bladder cancer without
      affecting the efficacy of therapy.

PMID- 18158021
TI  - Laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy complicating radical cystoprostatectomy.
AB  - This report describes 2 patients who underwent cystoprostatectomy for bladder
      cancer after bilateral laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy by using a sheet of
      mesh that obliterated the space of Retzius. Two men who had undergone bilateral
      laparoscopic herniorrhaphy with a sheet of polypropylene mesh presented with
      muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Their operative findings are presented. Despite
      reports suggesting that prostatectomy and, by implication, cystectomy could not
      be safely performed in this setting, both men underwent surgical exploration
      because of the lack of adequate potentially curative alternatives. Nerve sparing
      was possible in one man, leading to recovery of erections after surgery. Extended
      lymphadenectomy was possible in one man but was not completed in the other
      because of scarring throughout the pelvis that precluded safe removal of
      traditional node templates. Unlike prostate cancer, which is amenable to
      nonextirpative therapeutic options, bladder cancer is most definitively treated
      with removal of the bladder and prostate. Despite reports that prostatectomy
      could be impossible in this setting, we found that cystoprostatectomy was
      substantially more difficult but could be performed in this setting.

PMID- 18158022
TI  - Impact of urinary incontinence in morbidly obese women versus women seeking
      urogynecologic care.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact of urinary incontinence (UI) on quality of
      life in morbidly obese women seeking bariatric surgery compared with women
      seeking urogynecologic care. METHODS: Women undergoing consultation for weight
      loss surgery completed questionnaires assessing the presence and severity of UI
      using the Medical, Epidemiological, and Social Aspects of Aging questionnaire and
      the impact of their UI using the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 and
      Urogenital Distress Inventory-6. The charts of the women with UI seen in a
      urogynecology center were reviewed. For these two samples, pairs were matched for
      UI severity using the total Medical, Epidemiological, and Social Aspects of Aging
      scores, and the women within pairs were compared concerning the impact of UI.
      RESULTS: A total of 93 pairs were matched. Morbidly obese women had lower scores
      on the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (mean 20.1 versus 42.0, P <0.0001) and
      the Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 (mean 30.4 versus 54.4, P <0.0001) compared
      with the urogynecology clinic patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study
      have shown that the impact of UI is lower in morbidly obese women than in women
      seeking urogynecologic care.

PMID- 18158023
TI  - Patient-assessed outcomes in Swedish and Egyptian men undergoing radical
      cystectomy and orthotopic bladder substitution--a prospective comparative study.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To compare two patient populations with assumed cultural differences
      undergoing radical cystectomy and orthotopic bladder substitution to determine
      whether these translate into differences in the answers to self-report
      instruments. METHODS: The questionnaires Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy
      Bladder Cancer (FACT-BL), consisting of a general version (FACT-G) and a bladder
      cancer specific module, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were
      used preoperatively and 3 and 12 months postoperatively to assess patient well
      being, urologic symptoms, depression, and anxiety in 29 and 32 Swedish and
      Egyptian male patients, respectively. RESULTS: Significant differences were found
      between the two groups. Higher FACT-G scores (ie, better outcomes) were obtained
      in the Swedish patients, both preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively, but
      not after 12 months. Differences were also seen in the urogenital assessment
      provided by the FACT-BL module. HADS revealed more depression among the Egyptian
      patients throughout the study period. Also, anxiety was more common
      preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively in the Egyptian patients, but not
      after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Swedish men scored better than Egyptian men on the
      FACT-BL and HADS, although the latter improved with time after surgery. These
      results show that patient-assessed outcomes differ in patients from different
      sociocultural backgrounds. This should be recognized when analyzing results from
      comparative studies. Also, the use of culture-fair instruments is important when
      assessing patients with different sociocultural backgrounds.

PMID- 18158024
TI  - Recurrence-free survival after radical cystectomy of patients downstaged by
      transurethral resection.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The finding of bladder cancer invading the detrusor muscle on
      transurethral resection (TUR) is one of the clearest indications for radical
      cystectomy. To the extent that detrusor invasion is, in practical effect, a
      binary variable, the variety of outcomes after radical cystectomy in these
      patients belies the simplicity of this approach. In this context, we assessed
      bladder cancer recurrence-free survival among patients noted to have muscle
      invasive urothelial carcinoma (transitional cell cancer [TCC]) on staging TUR
      subsequently found to have non-muscle-invasive TCC at radical cystectomy
      (downstaged). METHODS: The records of 248 consecutive patients who underwent
      radical cystectomy for TCC at a single academic institution from 1994 to 2002
      were retrospectively reviewed. Of these patients, 112 (45%) had documented muscle
      invasive disease by TUR and were clear of gross residual tumor on cystoscopy
      before radical cystectomy. RESULTS: Of the 112 patients, 25 (22.3%) were
      downstaged to non-muscle-invasive disease (Stage pT1 or less) at cystectomy and
      87 (77.7%) had persistent muscle-invasive disease (Stage pT2 or greater) at
      cystectomy. Recurrence occurred in 4 downstaged patients (16.0%) compared with 29
      patients (33.3%) who were not downstaged (P = 0.094). Kaplan-Meier analysis
      demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in recurrence-free survival
      with downstaging (log-rank P = 0.008). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a
      threefold reduction in recurrence risk with tumor downstaging (hazard ratio 0.33,
      95% confidence interval 0.10 to 1.12) that approached statistical significance (P
      = 0.075). Nodal status was the strongest predictor of RFS. CONCLUSIONS:
      Downstaging from muscle-invasive TCC on TUR to non-muscle-invasive TCC at radical
      cystectomy can be associated with a reduced risk of recurrence even after
      adjusting for lymph node status and adjuvant chemotherapy.

PMID- 18158025
TI  - Clinical significance of intravesical prostatic protrusion in patients with
      benign prostatic enlargement.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: We evaluated a noninvasive method to predict bladder outlet
      obstruction (BOO) and bladder function in patients with benign prostatic
      enlargement (BPE) based on intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) using
      transabdominal ultrasound. METHODS: The records of 206 first-visit patients with
      BPE were reviewed. We divided patients into two groups based on the degree of
      IPP: the significant IPP group (greater than 10 mm) and the no significant IPP
      group (10 mm or less). We analyzed clinical data and urodynamic findings of the
      two groups to define the clinical significance of IPP. RESULTS: In the clinical
      data, increased prostate volume, serum prostate specific antigen, postvoiding
      residual urine volume (PVR), incidence of acute urine residual (AUR), and bladder
      trabeculation appeared more often in the significant IPP group (P <0.05).
      Positive correlation was found between IPP and prostate volume as well as PVR
      (Spearman's rho = 0.401 and 0.342, respectively). In the urodynamic findings,
      significantly lower peak flow rate (Qmax) and higher incidence of detrusor
      overactivity and low bladder compliance both existed in the significant IPP group
      (P <0.0l). In addition, maximum detrusor pressure (Pdet.max) and BOO index (BOOI)
      were significantly higher in the significant IPP group (P <0.05). The correlation
      coefficient (Spearman's rho) between IPP and Qmax, Pdet.max, and BOOI was -0.284,
      0.252, and 0.456, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Intravesical prostatic protrusion is
      a useful predictor for evaluating BOO and detrusor function. BOO and impaired
      detrusor function in significant IPP patients are more severe. The significant
      IPP patients, especially those presenting with AUR, may benefit from early
      surgical intervention.

PMID- 18158026
TI  - Prevalence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in prostate gland of
      Korean men: comparisons between radical prostatectomy and cystoprostatectomy.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial
      neoplasia (HGPIN) and its association with prostate cancer in Korean men.
      METHODS: A total of 160 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for clinical
      prostate cancer were included as study subjects and 29 patients who underwent
      radical cystoprostatectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer were included as
      controls. Each intact prostate gland was serially sectioned at 3-mm intervals
      perpendicular to the posterior surface. The presence and prevalence of prostate
      cancer and HGPIN were assessed and their association evaluated. RESULTS: High
      grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was present in 81 (70.4%) of 115
      patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and in 8 (27.6%) of 29 patients who
      underwent cystoprostatectomy. This difference was statistically significant (P
      <0.001). Among the patients who underwent cystoprostatectomy, HGPIN was present
      in 5 (33.3%) of 15 patients with prostate cancer and in 3 (21.4%) of 14 patients
      with no evidence of prostate cancer. The presence of HGPIN had no correlation
      with prostate-specific antigen level, disease stage, tumor volume, grade,
      lymphovascular invasion, or surgical margin status. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence
      of HGPIN in Korean men with clinical prostate cancer was as great as that of
      Western men. Previous studies, and our results, had demonstrated a lower
      prevalence of HGPIN in Asian men who underwent cystoprostatectomy. The different
      prevalence of HGPIN found in incidental prostate cancer, between Asian and
      Western men, suggests that factors could be preventing the progression of
      prostate cancer or different characteristics of the prostate cancer in Asian
      populations.

PMID- 18158027
TI  - Association between androgen-deprivation therapy and incidence of diabetes among
      males with prostate cancer.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Previous research has documented an increase in metabolic syndrome
      among patients who use androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Given that metabolic
      syndrome is related to diabetes, this research examined whether use of ADT was
      associated with an increase in the incidence of diabetes. METHODS: A
      retrospective, claims database was used to compare men diagnosed with prostate
      cancer who received ADT (N = 1231) with men diagnosed with prostate cancer who
      did not receive ADT (N = 7250). Unjustified comparisons among the cohorts were
      examined using chi-square statistics for categorical variables and t-statistics
      for continuous variables. A multivariate logistic regression was estimated to
      examine the association between receipt of ADT and the incidence of diabetes,
      while controlling for a wide range of factors that also potentially affect the
      probability of being newly diagnosed with diabetes. RESULTS: Descriptive
      statistics revealed that the patients who initiated ADT were significantly older
      (P <0.01), in poorer health (P <0.01), and more likely to have a prior diagnosis
      of hypertension (P = 0.04). Results from the multivariate regression indicate
      that for men diagnosed with prostate cancer, demographic characteristics,
      comorbid conditions, prior statin use, and receipt of ADT all affect the
      probability of incident diabetes. While controlling for other factors, the
      estimated relative risk of incident diabetes associated with the receipt of ADT
      was 1.36 (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study suggest that among
      prostate cancer patients, those initiating ADT are more likely to develop
      incident diabetes within 1 year. This finding supports previous research that
      established the relationship between ADT and metabolic syndrome.

PMID- 18158028
TI  - Detection rate of prostate cancer according to prostate-specific antigen and
      digital rectal examination in Korean men: a nationwide multicenter study.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the detection rate of prostate cancer on biopsies taken
      according to levels of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal
      examinations (DRE), and age of Korean men. METHODS: We examined 4967 Korean men
      over 40 years of age who underwent prostate biopsies in 25 hospitals from October
      2004 to July 2006. Prostate biopsies were performed when PSA levels were more
      than 4.0 ng/mL or the DRE was suspect. RESULTS: Of the 4967 men examined, 1621
      (32.7%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Further interpretation revealed that
      19.6% of subjects with PSA levels between 4.0 and 9.9 ng/mL were diagnosed with
      cancer, whereas 53.7% were diagnosed at PSA levels greater than 10 ng/ml. Normal
      DRE findings with elevated serum PSA levels were divided into three subgroups:
      4.0 to 9.9 ng/mL, 10.0 to 19.9 ng/mL, and more than 20.0 ng/mL. The corresponding
      rates of cancer detection ranged at 17.0%, 25.9%, and 58.6%, respectively. In
      addition, cancer was detected in 33.4% of subjects with serum PSA levels of 4.0
      to 9.9 ng/mL and a DRE suspicious of cancer. The detection rate of prostate
      cancer in biopsies with normal DRE findings in subjects aged 40 to 49 years, 50
      to 59 years, 60 to 69 years, and 70 or more years was 7.6%, 16.5%, 22.8%, and
      29.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Detection rates of prostate cancer in biopsies
      were lower than those found for white men. The data thaws indicative that ethnic
      differences exist with regard to detection rates of prostate cancer.

PMID- 18158029
TI  - Age-specific prostate-specific antigen reference ranges in Korean men.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level varies widely among
      different races and increases with age. In this study, we evaluated the variation
      in serum PSA levels in a multicenter study population to determine a standard age
      specific PSA reference range for Korean men without clinically evident prostate
      cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 120,439 Korean men, ranging in age
      from 30 to 79 years, whose serum PSA levels were measured at one of eight
      referral hospitals from November 1998 to July 2005. RESULTS: Our recommended age
      specific reference ranges (95th percentile) of serum PSA levels for Korean men
      were 0.32 to 1.88 ng/mL for men 30 to 39 years, 0.30 to 1.92 ng/mL for men 40 to
      49 years, 0.30 to 2.37 ng/mL for men 50 to 59 years, 0.31 to 3.56 ng/mL for men
      60 to 69 years, and 0.30 to 5.19 ng/mL for men 70 to 79 years old. The serum PSA
      level increased annually, corresponding to an increase of 0.0023 ng/mL for men in
      their 40s, 0.0175 ng/mL for men in their 50s, 0.0499 ng/mL for men in their 60s,
      and 0.0398 ng/mL for men in their 70s, with a steep increase for men in their 50s
      and the largest increase in men older than 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: The results of
      our study have shown that the age-specific reference ranges (95th percentile) for
      serum PSA levels in Korean men are lower than those for white men. Our newly
      proposed age-specific reference ranges from this multicenter study will be more
      valuable in the interpretation of PSA data for Korean men.

PMID- 18158030
TI  - Characteristics of prostate cancer detected by digital rectal examination only.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To examine clinical and pathologic features and postoperative
      survival outcomes of men with prostate cancer detected by digital rectal
      examination (DRE) alone, elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level alone, or
      abnormalities in both. METHODS: From 1989 to 2001, approximately 36,000 men
      participated in a prostate cancer screening study. We recommended biopsy for a
      PSA level greater than 4.0 ng/mL (until 1995) or greater than 2.5 ng/mL (after
      1995) or DRE findings suspicious for cancer. The clinical and pathologic features
      were compared between patients with cancer detected by DRE alone and those with
      cancer detected by an elevated PSA level, regardless of DRE findings. We also
      evaluated progression-free survival, overall survival, and cancer-specific
      survival. RESULTS: Overall 303 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer by DRE
      alone, 1426 because of PSA level alone, and 504 by abnormal results on both
      tests. Of the cancers detected by DRE alone, 60 (20%) were non-organ-confined and
      56 (20%) had a Gleason score of 7 or higher. Prostate cancers detected because of
      abnormalities in both PSA level and DRE results were significantly more likely to
      have adverse pathologic features, as well as lower rates of progression-free
      survival, overall survival, and cancer-specific survival than those detected by
      either test alone (all P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of
      prostate cancers detected by DRE at PSA levels less than 4 ng/mL have features
      associated with clinically aggressive tumors. The omission of DRE from screening
      protocols might compromise treatment outcomes because many of the cancers
      detected by DRE alone are potentially curable but may have worse outcomes by the
      time PSA also reaches a higher level.

PMID- 18158031
TI  - Risk factors for prostate cancer in men aged less than 60 years: a case-control
      study from Italy.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relationship between selected risk factors and
      prostate cancer risk in men younger than 60 years, using data from a large,
      multicenter, case-control study conducted in Italy. METHODS: Cases were 219
      patients, aged 45 to 59 years, with histologically confirmed prostate cancer, and
      controls were 431 men of the same age group, admitted in hospital for acute, non
      neoplastic diseases. RESULTS: A family history of prostate cancer (odds ratio
      [OR] = 5.5), brain cancer (OR = 3.7), and leukemia (OR = 6.2) were associated
      with prostate cancer risk. A significantly increased risk was found for high
      education level (OR = 3.3 for 12 or more years versus less than 7 years) and a
      decreased risk for physical activity (OR = 0.5 for active versus inactive).
      Coffee consumption was directly associated with risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.9
      for the third versus the first tertile). Bread consumption was directly related
      (OR = 1.6) and consumption of raw and total vegetables inversely related (OR =
      0.6) to prostate cancer risk, although these associations were of borderline
      significance. No association emerged with marital status, body mass index,
      history of diabetes, alcohol drinking, and other considered foods. CONCLUSIONS:
      This study confirms that some recognized risk factors, including family history
      of prostate cancer, high level of education, and low physical activity, are
      associated with prostate cancer risk in middle-aged men.

PMID- 18158032
TI  - Nerve-sparing surgery significantly affects long-term continence after radical
      prostatectomy.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: In this long-term prospective study we evaluated the factors
      affecting urinary continence after radical prostatectomy. METHODS: In this study,
      we recruited 156 patients (mean age, 64.1 +/- 6.7 years; follow-up, 7.8 +/- 1.3
      years; prostate-specific antigen [PSA] level, 9.57 +/- 8.81 ng/mL) who underwent
      radical prostatectomy between 1995 and 1998. Long-term data were obtained on 152
      patients, with 4 patients lost to follow-up. Incontinence was evaluated by the
      number of pads per day. Follow-up data were collected at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months
      and annually. The multivariate analysis included the following variables:
      preoperative PSA levels, nerve-sparing (NS) status (bilateral NS, unilateral NS,
      and non-NS), and age at the time of operation (< or = 65 or > 65 years). RESULTS:
      With a mean follow-up of 7.8 +/- 1.3 years, the overall incontinence rate was
      17.7% (27 of 152). The incontinence rates were significantly higher in the non-NS
      group (18 of 61) compared with the bilateral NS group (6 of 66; P <0.05). No
      significant difference was seen between the unilateral NS and non-NS groups in
      terms of incontinence rates (P >0.05). When stratified by the NS status, the
      bilateral NS group had a significant improvement in overall continence. The
      association between age and incontinence was significant: P <0.05 for patients 65
      years or younger (7 of 85) versus those older than 65 years (20 of 67). The
      association between the preoperative PSA levels and incontinence was not
      significant but showed a trend (the median PSA in the incontinence group was 8.75
      ng/mL; in the continence group it was 5.9 ng/mL; P = 0.0534). CONCLUSIONS: Nerve
      sparing radical prostatectomy improves the time interval to regain continence and
      long-term continence rates.

PMID- 18158033
TI  - Saturation prostate needle biopsy and prostate cancer detection at initial and
      repeat evaluation.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) in patients who
      underwent a saturation prostate biopsy (SPBx) as primary biopsy or in case of
      rebiopsy. METHODS: We assessed 189 patients (median age 60.3 years) submitted to
      a transrectal ultrasound-guided SPBx (range, 24 to 37 cores; median, 29). In 98
      men the SPBx was performed as the primary procedure, in 75 as the second, and in
      16 as the third biopsy set. Indications for biopsy were: abnormal DRE; total
      prostate specific antigen (PSA) (tPSA) greater than 10 ng/mL; tPSA equal to 4 to
      10, 2.6 to 3.9, less than or equal to 2.5 ng/mL; and percent free PSA (%-fPSA)
      25% or less, 20% or less, and 15% or less, respectively. The PCa detection using
      an SPBx as initial biopsy was compared retrospectively with that found in 256 and
      116 patients who underwent 12- and 18-core biopsy, respectively, according to the
      same protocol. The results obtained in 75 patients submitted to an SPBx as the
      second biopsy set were compared retrospectively with those found in 73 men who
      underwent an 18-core re-biopsy. RESULTS: The PCa detection rate with SPBx as
      primary biopsy was 46.9%, greater than the 12-core biopsy (39.8%; P = 0.3) but
      lower than the 18-core biopsy (49%; P = 0.6). In the case of second and third
      biopsy, the incidence of PCa when using an SPBx compared with 18-core biopsy was
      22% versus 10.9% (P = 0.003) and 6.2% versus 0%, respectively. The incidence of
      neoplastic microfoci was 34.7% at first and 45.5% at second biopsy set. In all
      patients who underwent a radical prostatectomy with a bioptic diagnosis of
      neoplastic microfocus, the pTNM revealed a clinically significant cancer (tumor
      volume greater than 0.5 mL or Gleason score of 6 or higher). CONCLUSIONS: As
      primary biopsy, SPBx does not increase the PCa detection rate compared with an 18
      core scheme; in the case of rebiopsy, the SPBx is a recommended method as the PCa
      detection rate is doubled compared with 12- or 18-core biopsy sets.

PMID- 18158034
TI  - Targeted biopsy of the prostate: the impact of color Doppler imaging and
      elastography on prostate cancer detection and Gleason score.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To compare detection of prostate cancer and distribution of Gleason
      scores with gray-scale, color Doppler, and elastographic imaging. METHODS:
      Prostate biopsy patients were evaluated with gray-scale, color Doppler, and
      elastographic imaging. Targeted biopsy cores were obtained along with six
      laterally directed systematic sextant cores. Pathologic results were correlated
      with imaging findings. RESULTS: Prostate cancer was detected in 60 of 137
      patients (43.8%). Cancer was detected in 241 (14%) of 1703 biopsy cores,
      including 90 (20%) of 448 targeted cores, 106 (13%) of 818 sextant cores, and 45
      (10%) of 437 transition zone cores. Sonographic abnormality was associated with
      cancer: gray-scale odds ratio (OR) = 3.19, P = 0.011; color Doppler OR = 1.86, P
      = 0.041; elastography OR = 2.53; P = 0.007. Although targeted cores were more
      likely than sextant cores to detect cancer (OR = 1.82, P = 0.004), no sonographic
      abnormality was found in 57 (53.8%) of 106 of positive sextant sites. A linear
      trend for increasing Gleason score was present with gray-scale (P <0.001)
      imaging, color Doppler imaging (P <0.005), and elastography (P <0.001). Abnormal
      color flow was strongly associated with Gleason score 8 to 10 lesions but not
      with lower-grade lesions. Elastography demonstrated a positive association with
      Gleason scores of 5 to 10. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted cores based on gray-scale, color
      Doppler, and elastographic imaging are more likely to return positive biopsy
      results as compared with systematic biopsy cores. Although color Doppler imaging
      and elastography are encouraging adjuncts to improve cancer detection, targeted
      biopsy alone is not sufficient to replace the traditional sextant biopsy
      technique.

PMID- 18158035
TI  - Prostate cancer laterality does not predict prostate-specific antigen recurrence
      after radical prostatectomy.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate biologic behaviors of unilateral cancers compared with
      bilateral cancers on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence after radical
      prostatectomy. METHODS: Analysis included demographic, clinical, and pathologic
      parameters of 1184 men who underwent RP for clinically localized prostate cancer
      at our institution between 2002 and 2006. Final pathologic assessment was
      performed with particular attention to laterality and percentage of tumor
      involvement, along with other routine parameters. On the basis of percentage of
      tumor involvement, all cancer foci were ranked as 5% or less, 5.01% to 10%,
      10.01% to 15%, or greater than 15%. Statistical analysis was performed with
      univariate and multivariate methods. RESULTS: Overall, 19.2% of 1184 patients had
      completely unilateral cancers. Prostate-specific antigen recurrence was revealed
      in 164 of 1184 patients (13.9%) at a mean (+/- standard deviation) follow-up of
      2.7 +/- 2.4 years. Among men who had recurrence, 26 of 227 (11.5%) had unilateral
      tumors and 138 of 957 (14.4%) had bilateral disease (P = 0.25). The most common
      characteristics associated with PSA recurrence of unilateral tumors in the Cox
      model were diagnostic PSA level, prostate weight, and pathologic Gleason score (P
      <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral or bilateral prostate cancer did not predict PSA
      recurrence in men receiving radical prostatectomy. In contrast, baseline PSA
      level and pathologic Gleason score strongly predicted PSA recurrence.

PMID- 18158036
TI  - A single-institution comparison between radical perineal and radical retropubic
      prostatectomy on perioperative and pathological outcomes for obese men: an
      analysis of the Duke Prostate Center database.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and
      operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), and adverse pathologic features in
      patients undergoing either radical perineal prostatectomy (RPP) or radical
      retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of
      1006 patients treated with RPP or RRP at our institution from 1988 to 2005.
      Operative times and EBL were compared among BMI groups for both RPP and RRP. The
      odds ratio of positive surgical margins was estimated for the BMI categories
      using logistic regression after adjusting for preoperative and pathologic
      characteristics. RESULTS: Increased BMI was significantly associated with
      increased operative time and EBL for men treated with either RPP or RRP (all P <
      or = 0.03), though the associations were weak (all Spearman r < or = 0.19). After
      adjusting for multiple clinical preoperative characteristics, higher BMI was
      associated with positive surgical margins among all patients (P trend <0.001).
      The association between obesity and surgical margins remained after adjusting for
      pathologic characteristics (P trend = 0.001) with similar patterns among RRP (P
      trend = 0.03) and RPP (P trend = 0.01) patients. CONCLUSIONS: For mildly obese
      men, both RPP and RRP are associated with a similarly increased risk of higher
      EBL, longer operative time, and positive surgical margins. These data do not
      provide evidence to suggest that RPP should be preferred over RRP for mildly
      obese men. Further study is needed among men with a very high BMI.

PMID- 18158037
TI  - Inguinal hernia after radical perineal prostatectomy: comparison with the
      retropubic approach.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To clarify the characteristics of inguinal hernia (IH) after radical
      perineal prostatectomy (RPP) compared with that after radical retropubic
      prostatectomy (RRP). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 285 and 311 men who
      underwent RPP and RRP, respectively, for clinically localized prostate cancer
      between August 2000 and June 2006, using medical records and a telephone survey.
      RESULTS: The incidence of postoperative IH after RPP was 1.8% (5 of 285) with a
      median follow-up time of 43 months; that after RRP was 10.3% (32 of 311) with a
      median follow-up of 36 months (P <0.0001). The cumulative IH-free rate was
      significantly higher after RPP than after RRP (P <0.0001, log-rank test). Three
      of the five RPP patients (60%) developed IH more than 24 months after surgery,
      whereas 25 of 32 (78%) of the RRP group did so within 24 months (P = 0.0742). The
      incidence rate of post-RPP IH did not differ between the standard (4 of 194 =
      2.1%) and modified (1 of 91 = 1.1%) RPP procedures, where the endopelvic fascia
      was left intact and opened, respectively (P = 0.5638). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence
      of IH after RPP appears to be sporadic and about the same as that (2.0-2.4%)
      reported previously in men with prostate cancer treated nonsurgically. Although
      some kinds of procedures during RRP are speculated to affect the internal
      inguinal ring, prostatectomy with or without opening of the endopelvic fascia
      seems to be less implicated in the development of IH after RRP because it was not
      a significant variable in IH development after different techniques had been used
      in RPP.

PMID- 18158038
TI  - Transperineal ultrasound-guided saturation biopsies using 11-region template of
      prostate: report of 303 cases.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To assess the prostate cancer detection rate and safety of
      transperineal ultrasound-guided saturation biopsies of the prostate using an 11
      region template of the gland in a Chinese screening population. METHODS: A total
      of 303 patients (mean age, 69.7 years) were prospectively enrolled in this study
      to undergo an 11-region template-guided transperineal saturation biopsy of the
      prostate. The inclusion criteria included a prostate-specific antigen level of
      4.0 ng/mL or greater, suspicious findings on the digital rectal examination, or
      abnormal prostate gland findings on ultrasonography, computed tomography, or
      magnetic resonance imaging. The median prostate-specific antigen level was 13.7
      ng/mL (range, 0.2 to 100), and the median prostate volume was 47.0 cm3 (range, 7
      to 190). RESULTS: A mean of 23.7 cores (range, 11 to 44) were obtained, with an
      overall prostate cancer detection rate of 37.6% (114 of 303). The cancer
      detection rate in the groups with a prostate-specific antigen level of 0 to 4.0,
      4.1 to 10.0, 10.1 to 20.0, 20.1 to 30.0, 30.1 to 70.0, and greater than 70.1
      ng/mL was 22.2% (4 of 18), 8.2% (6 of 73), 21.6% (22 of 102), 48.4% (15 of 31),
      68.4% (26 of 38), and 100% (41 of 41), respectively. No serious complications
      occurred during the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Transperineal ultrasound-guided
      saturation biopsy of the prostate is safe and feasible. Moreover, the application
      of an 11-region template of the prostate resulted in an encouraging cancer
      detection rate.

PMID- 18158039
TI  - Prostate cancer in the Baby Boomer generation: results from CaPSURE.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Baby Boomers (those born in 1946 to 1964) are thought to place a high
      value on quality of life, and have a higher propensity to consume healthcare
      services than previous generations. We sought to characterize prostate cancer
      (CaP) presentation among this group, and determine whether treatment patterns
      differ between Baby Boomers and the preceding generation. METHODS: We defined two
      birth cohorts: men born in 1927 to 1945 (pre-Boomers) and Baby Boomers. Our study
      cohort included men less than 65 years old, diagnosed with CaP between 1999 and
      2003 (Baby Boomers, n = 812; pre-Boomers, n = 1843). We compared the two groups
      for clinical presentation, sociodemographics, and primary treatment, controlling
      for age effects. The primary endpoint was selection of radical prostatectomy as
      primary treatment. RESULTS: Most Baby Boomers were diagnosed with stage T1
      disease (466, 61%), biopsy Gleason sums less than 7 (572, 73%), and prostate
      specific antigen levels of 4.1 to 10.0 (509, 66%). This presentation was not
      clinically different from pre-Boomers. Baby Boomers had higher socioeconomic
      status than pre-Boomers. On multivariate analysis, Baby Boomers were more likely
      to undergo radical prostatectomy as primary therapy (odds ratio [OR] 1.63, 95%
      confidence interval [CI] 1.13 to 2.35). Controlling for age effects, however,
      there were no significant differences in treatment choice (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.40
      to 1.87) or sociodemographics between these groups. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in
      CaP presentation and treatment between Baby Boomers and pre-Boomers may be
      related to age at diagnosis rather than innate differences in behavior. As more
      Baby Boomers are diagnosed with CaP, further research will be required to
      characterize this generation's impact on CaP care.

PMID- 18158040
TI  - Oncologic efficacy of laparoscopic RPLND in treatment of clinical stage I
      nonseminomatous germ cell testicular cancer.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To assess the oncologic efficacy of laparoscopic retroperitoneal
      lymph node dissection (LRPLND) for clinical Stage I nonseminomatous germ cell
      tumors (NSGCTs) in a large multi-institutional series. LRPLND is emerging as a
      less-invasive alternative in the adjuvant surgical treatment of patients with
      testicular cancer. METHODS: The medical records of 120 patients with clinical
      Stage I NSGCT who underwent LRPLND at one of four institutions in the United
      States were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had at least 12 months of
      postoperative follow-up. The modified template dissection was performed at all
      centers. For the purposes of analysis, the patients were divided into two groups:
      those with consonant clinical and pathologic Stage I disease (n = 74, 62%) and
      those upstaged to pathologic Stage II (n = 46, 38%). RESULTS: No patient,
      including those upstaged to pathologic Stage II disease undergoing surveillance
      (n = 10), presented with retroperitoneal recurrence after LRPLND. Two patients
      with consonant pathologic Stage I developed pelvic recurrence that was outside
      the standard dissection template. The median follow-up for the patients with
      pathologic Stage I was 28.5 months (range 12 to 144) and was 29 months (range 12
      to 108) for those with pathologic Stage II. CONCLUSIONS: In this group of
      patients with clinical Stage I NSGCT, management at multiple institutions that
      included LRPLND provided excellent intermediate results, paralleling those
      historically achieved with open lymph node dissection.

PMID- 18158041
TI  - Recurrence in nonseminomatous germ cell testis tumor patients with no viable
      tumor at postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine disease-related outcomes in metastatic testis cancer
      patients with absence of viable cancer in the postchemotherapy retroperitoneal
      lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) specimen and determine whether clinical
      variables can help predict disease progression. METHODS: Between 1980 and 2003,
      195 patients had no viable tumor at the time of PC-RPLND. We retrospectively
      reviewed their medical records for pertinent clinical and treatment-related
      outcomes. At a median follow-up of 45 months (range, 6 to 236 months), 35
      patients (18%) developed recurrences, and 18 (9%) died of disease. RESULTS: On
      multivariate analysis, predictors of recurrence-free survival in patients with no
      viable tumor were advanced clinical stage (P = 0.01) and poor-risk International
      Germ Cell Consensus Classification (IGCCC) group (P = 0.01), whereas predictors
      of disease-specific survival included an elevated serum beta-human chorionic
      gonadotropin (hCG) level before PC-RPLND (P = 0.002), pathologic diameter of the
      retroperitoneal mass (P = 0.05), and postoperative recurrence (P <0.0001). An hCG
      level greater than 1.2 mIU/mL before PC-RPLND trended toward statistical
      significance (P = 0.07), and pathologic diameter of the retroperitoneal mass
      greater than 2.5 cm was statistically significant (P = 0.05) in predicting a
      poorer disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with no viable tumor at
      PC-RPLND remain at risk of recurrence. Several clinical variables, including
      advanced clinical stage, poor-risk IGCCC group, preoperative serum hCG level,
      diameter of the retroperitoneal mass on pathology, and postoperative recurrence,
      help better define which patients are at risk.

PMID- 18158042
TI  - Two cycles of etoposide/cisplatin cured all patients with stage I testicular
      seminoma: risk-adapted protocol of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Adjuvant carboplatin is used as adjuvant therapy in Stage I
      testicular seminoma. Although cure is the rule, relapses still occur, especially
      in high-risk populations. We report the results of a risk-adapted strategy by the
      Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. METHODS: From 1996 to 2003, 64 patients with
      Stage I seminoma and one of two risk factors (maximal tumor diameter greater than
      4 cm and/or age younger than 34 years) were prospectively included in a protocol
      of adjuvant chemotherapy. Treatment consisted of two 3-week courses of etoposide
      120 mg/m2 and cisplatin 40 mg/m2 for three consecutive days with granulocyte
      colony-stimulating factor support. RESULTS: Of the 64 patients, 43 (67%) were
      younger than 34 years and 55 (86%) had a tumor diameter greater than 4 cm.
      Neutropenia and nausea and vomiting were the most frequent grade 3 or 4
      toxicities (16.5% and 9.5%, respectively), apart from alopecia. After a median
      follow-up of 60 months (range 7 to 118), no disease relapses have occurred. A
      metachronous testicular carcinoma has been reported. One patient died of causes
      unrelated to his disease. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study have shown that
      two cycles of etoposide and cisplatin is an effective and safe form of adjuvant
      therapy for Stage I testicular seminoma. Risk factors can be used to identify
      patients who could benefit from etoposide and cisplatin treatment.

PMID- 18158043
TI  - Testicular microlithiasis in patients with scrotal symptoms and its relationship
      to testicular tumors.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate in a prospective study the coexistence of testicular
      microlithiasis with various scrotal pathologies and the relationship with
      testicular tumors in symptomatic patients presenting with various scrotal
      complaints. METHODS: A total of 197 male patients of reproductive age who applied
      to our clinic between December 2004 and June 2005 with various scrotal complaints
      were included in the study. Patient complaints were of pain, swelling, smallness
      of the testes, and infertility. Patients were evaluated according to their
      medical history, scrotal ultrasonograms, tumor markers, and hormone profiles
      after physical examination. Independent t test and Fisher's exact test were used
      for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean (+/-SD) age of the 197 patients was
      28.3 +/- 8.5 years. Pathologic findings were testicular tumors (1.8%),
      cryptorchidism (3.5%), varicoceles (75%), hydroceles (9.8%), epididymal cysts
      (9%), and atrophic testes (0.9%). Testicular tumors were found in 4 patients, and
      testicular microlithiasis was observed in 3 (75%) of these patients. Testicular
      microlithiasis ratios were determined as 25% in cryptorchidism, 6.5% in
      varicocele, 23% in hydrocele, 10% in epididymal cyst, and 50% in atrophic testes.
      The rate of testicular microlithiasis was significantly higher in patients with
      testicular tumors. The mean follow-up of patients was 19.5 months (range, 16 to
      23 months), during which no new cancer case was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Testicular
      microlithiasis was more frequently observed in patients presenting with mass
      lesions and testicular tumors. Our findings suggest that symptomatic patients
      should be warned and kept aware of this issue, particularly if they have risk
      factors for testicular cancer.

PMID- 18158044
TI  - Comparative analysis of effectiveness of two local anesthetic techniques in men
      undergoing no-scalpel vasectomy.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of two local anesthetic techniques in
      men undergoing no-scalpel vasectomy. METHODS: Before undergoing no-scalpel
      vasectomy, 50 men underwent separate forms of anesthesia to each side of their
      scrotum. One vas deferens was anesthetized with a high-pressure spray of 0.3 mL
      2% lidocaine using the MadaJet Medical Injector, and the other vas deferens was
      anesthetized using the traditional vasal block performed with three 1.7-mL
      ampules of mepivacaine using a 27-gauge needle. The pain of the initial delivery
      of anesthesia and the pain with the subsequent vasectomy were recorded. RESULTS:
      Fifty men underwent no-scalpel vasectomy with a different anesthetic delivery
      system to each vas deferens separately. A statistically significant reduction was
      noted in the visual analog pain scores in favor of no-needle administration of
      anesthesia, 1.56 of 10 versus 2.12 of 10 (P <0.029). A reduction was noted in the
      visual analog pain score for the subsequent vasectomy after administration of
      anesthesia using the no-needle method, but this was not statistically significant
      (1.68 of 10 versus 1.86 of 10; P <0.66). CONCLUSIONS: No-needle anesthesia with
      jet injection reduced the pain associated with traditional delivery of anesthesia
      to the skin and vas deferens before no-scalpel vasectomy. Additional studies are
      needed with more subjects to evaluate whether the decrease in procedural pain is
      statistically significant when comparing the two types of anesthetics.

PMID- 18158045
TI  - Tadalafil (Cialis) and erectile dysfunction after radiotherapy for prostate
      cancer: an open-label extension of a blinded trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of tadalafil (Cialis) in patients with
      erectile dysfunction after three-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy
      for prostate cancer in an extended open-label phase of the blinded trial.
      METHODS: Sixty patients entered a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over
      study lasting 12 weeks. They received tadalafil 20 mg or placebo for 6 weeks and
      then crossed over to the alternate medication. Of these 60 patients, 51 (85%)
      entered a 6-week open-label extension phase. The data were collected using the
      International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. Side effects were
      also recorded. RESULTS: All patients completed the double-blind cross-over study.
      The 9 patients who did not wish to enter the open-label phase had had
      significantly worse scores statistically on the erectile function domain of the
      IIEF with tadalafil in the blinded trial (P = 0.03). For all IIEF domains, except
      for sexual desire, tadalafil was equally effective in the double-blind phase as
      in the open-label phase. For nearly all the IIEF questions, tadalafil caused a
      significant increase in the mean scores from baseline in the run-in period of the
      blinded trial. The side effects were mild or moderate and had significantly
      decreased compared with tadalafil in the blinded trial. CONCLUSIONS: Tadalafil is
      effective in many patients with erectile dysfunction after three-dimensional
      conformal external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer. In the open-label
      extension of the trial, tadalafil showed the same efficacy as in the blinded
      phase.

PMID- 18158046
TI  - Sexual symptoms in aging men indicate poor life satisfaction and increased health
      service consumption.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The deterioration of sexual, physical, and mental performance in
      aging men has been used to measure the clinical manifestations of androgen
      decrement. However, their prevalence and relation to coexisting morbidities are
      unknown. METHODS: All men in Turku, Finland, aged 40 to 69 years (n = 28,622) in
      2000 were mailed a questionnaire that included questions on general health,
      sociobehavioral factors, and the Aging Male Symptoms scale (17 questions, each
      yielded 1 to 5 points, from 1, no symptoms to 5, very severe). RESULTS: The
      participation rate was 54% (15,496 returned questionnaires). Moderate or severe
      sexual symptoms (decreased frequency of erections, libido, and potency) were
      observed in 20% of men of the youngest age group of 40 to 44 years. The
      proportion of men with significant symptoms increased linearly with age up to 67%
      in the oldest age group (65 to 69 years). Other symptoms did not show a similar
      age trend. On multifactor analysis, sexual symptoms were independently associated
      with decreased life satisfaction and increased visits to the physician after
      adjustment for coexisting morbidities. Visits to the physician were up to three
      times more frequent among men with moderate to severe sexual symptoms than among
      those with mild or no symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual symptoms in aging men are
      common and associated with decreased life satisfaction and an increased number of
      visits to the physician. These symptoms deserve more attention in the workup of
      aging male patients, because they offer a simple screening tool to detect
      impaired well-being associated with increased consumption of health services.

PMID- 18158047
TI  - Erectile dysfunction in patients with electrical injury.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of ED in electrical injury patients and
      correlate the results with the electric voltage and the pathway of electric
      current at the time of injury. METHODS: Mails and phone surveys had been
      undertaken to 416 electrical injury patients who had been admitted with
      electrical injury to our burn care center from November 1998 to December 2003.
      Patients were given a self-complete questionnaire, including international index
      of erectile function (IIEF-5). Also, we reviewed the voltage, the pathway of
      electric current and other disease history such as hypertension (HTN), diabetes
      mellitus (DM), and neurologic disease. Of 416 subjects, 276 agreed to
      participate. Of these 276 subjects, 20 were excluded for HTN, DM, and neurologic
      disease. RESULTS: Of the 256 patients, 52.7% had ED. There was no statistically
      significant difference among the age groups. Of the patients, 58.4% with high
      voltage injury had ED, 21.2% low voltage, and 33.3% unknown voltage, which was
      statistically significant. The prevalence of ED, according to the pathway of
      electric current, was 100% when the whole body was affected, 70.2% upper-lower
      body, 44.4% lower-lower body, 31.9% upper-upper body, 15.4% electrical spark
      burn, and 22.2 % unknown. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study of ED in
      electrical injury patients. High-voltage injures showed the higher prevalence of
      ED than low voltage. Whole and upper-lower body pathway of the electric current
      showed a higher prevalence of ED compared with focal/local involvement
      (electrical spark burn), lower-lower body, and upper-upper body.

PMID- 18158048
TI  - Histologic evaluation of the testicular remnant associated with the vanishing
      testes syndrome: is surgical management necessary?
AB  - OBJECTIVES: There is controversy surrounding the optimal management of the
      testicular remnant associated with the vanishing testes syndrome. Some urologists
      advocate the need for surgical exploration, whereas others believe this is
      unnecessary. These differing opinions are based on the variable reports of viable
      germ cell elements found within the testicular remnants. To better understand the
      pathology associated with this syndrome and the need for surgical management, we
      reviewed our experience regarding the incidence of viable germ cell elements
      within the testicular remnant. METHODS: An institutional review board-approved,
      retrospective review was performed of all consecutive patients undergoing
      exploration for a nonpalpable testis at Eastern Virginia Medical School and
      Geisinger Medical Center between 1994 and 2006. Patients who were found to have
      spermatic vessels and a vas deferens exiting a closed internal inguinal ring were
      included in this analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients underwent removal of the
      testicular remnant. Patient age ranged from 11 to 216 months. In 8 of the
      specimens (14%), we identified viable germ cell elements. In an additional 4
      patients (7%), we identified seminiferous tubules without germ cell elements.
      CONCLUSIONS: In our review, we identified that a significant number of testicular
      remnants associated with the vanishing testes syndrome can harbor viable germ
      cell elements or seminiferous tubules. The exact fate of these residual elements
      remains unknown; however, there may exist the potential for malignant
      transformation. Given the potential for malignant degeneration, we believe that
      these remnants should be removed.

PMID- 18158049
TI  - Lymphatic-sparing laparoscopic varicocelectomy versus microscopic
      varicocelectomy: is there a difference?
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The ideal operation for the adolescent varicoceles has been debated
      for many years as new techniques or advances in existing technology develop. It
      is well acknowledged that the Palomo procedure has a negligible recurrence rate
      but a very high postoperative hydrocele rate compared with a microscopic
      varicocelectomy (MV). We sought to determine whether lymphatic-sparing
      laparoscopic varicocelectomy (LSLV) could provide similar negligible recurrence
      rates as the Palomo approach with the negligible postoperative hydrocele rate
      seen with MV. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who
      underwent either an MV (n = 31) or LSLV (n = 28). In the MV group, the artery and
      the lymphatics were spared, whereas in the LSLV group, the artery and veins were
      taken en masse. Statistical analysis included paired Student t-test and Chi
      square test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. RESULTS:
      Preoperative testis volumes were not different nor were the postoperative testis
      volumes between groups. Mean operating time was significantly longer in the MV
      than the LSLV group (140 minutes versus 51 minutes, P <0.01). With a mean time
      since surgery of 2 years, we observed only one patient with a recurrent
      varicocele (MV group); only one patient developed a hydrocele requiring
      hydrocelectomy (LSLV group). CONCLUSIONS: Our early data indicate that LSLV and
      MV are comparable in preventing varicocele recurrence and formation of
      hydroceles. The primary difference between the procedures is the surgical time,
      with the LSLV being much faster to perform.

PMID- 18158050
TI  - Simultaneous augmentation ileo-cystoplasty in renal transplantation.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Renal transplantation is not contraindicated in end-stage renal
      disease developing as a result of complication of overactive bladder with
      uninhibited detrusor contractions. As an amendatory surgical approach,
      augmentation ileo-cystoplasty is the preferred option to achieve a low
      intravesical storage pressure. However, the timing of the augmentation ileo
      cystoplasty in combination with renal transplantation is still controversial.
      TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS: We analyzed data from 3 of the 1100 renal
      transplantation patients treated at the Akdeniz University Transplantation Center
      in whom concomitant augmentation ileo-cystoplasty and renal transplantation were
      performed owing to hypocompliant bladder. CONCLUSIONS: The operation times were
      360, 270, and 240 minutes. No perioperative major complication or rejection was
      detected. Bladder augmentation using ileum patch can be concomitantly performed
      with renal transplantation safely, and this approach avoids the requirement for a
      second operation in another session.

PMID- 18158051
TI  - Laparoscopic resection of a lower posterior mediastinal tumor: feasibility of
      using a transdiaphragmatic approach.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Either video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or a thoracotomy
      is usually performed for a resection of posterior mediastinal tumors. We used a
      laparoscopic approach to resect a lower posterior mediastinal tumor mimicking a
      right adrenal tumor that had been identified by a preoperative computed
      tomography (CT) scan, because this approach is less invasive than VATS or a
      thoracotomy, regarding the potential to cause damage to the respiratory organs.
      TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS: A preoperative CT scan showed a paraspinal mass
      measuring 5.5 cm in diameter at the level of the 11th thoracic vertebra and
      gallbladder stones. A laparoscopic transdiaphragmatic excision of this lower
      posterior mediastinal tumor was attempted and accomplished safely. First, we used
      the usual laparoscopic transperitoneal approach. Thereafter, we accessed the
      lower posterior mediastinum by splitting the crural fibers of the diaphragm. The
      tumor was completely resected without damaging the pleura. We also simultaneously
      performed a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder stones. The operating
      time was 229 minutes (mediastinal tumorectomy 164 minutes, cholecystectomy 65
      minutes) and the bleeding volume was 100 mL. The postoperative course was
      uneventful. The pathological findings of the specimen demonstrated schwannoma.
      CONCLUSIONS: We found the laparoscopic approach to the lower posterior
      mediastinum by splitting the diaphragm to be a feasible and less invasive method
      than either VATS or a thoracotomy. This surgical modality can thus be performed
      on selected lower posterior mediastinal tumors.

PMID- 18158052
TI  - Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of infected renal cysts in a
      patient with polycystic kidney disease.

PMID- 18158053
TI  - Ten-year-old girl with crossed-fused ectopic kidney and ectopic ureter to vagina.

PMID- 18158054
TI  - Case of seminoma with possible spontaneous regression without extragonadal
      metastatic lesion.
AB  - We present an extraordinarily rare finding of a testicular seminoma apparently in
      the process of spontaneous regression without accompanying metastatic lesion. A
      35-year-old man visited our institute for persistent scrotal induration after the
      administration of antibiotics for several weeks. Ultrasonography and magnetic
      resonance imaging showed a capsulized tumor in his left atrophic testicle,
      without other visceral tumor or lymphadenopathy. We performed left radical
      orchiectomy. Histological examination revealed a fibrotic tumor with a small area
      of pure seminoma apparently undergoing spontaneous regression, and an
      intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified, occurring diffusely. The patient
      is free of disease at 1 year after surgery.

PMID- 18158055
TI  - Primary malignant melanoma of the female urethra.
AB  - A case of primary urethral malignant melanoma of a 69-year-old Japanese woman is
      presented. A hemorrhagic tumor measuring 1 cm in diameter was diagnosed by the
      stamp method. Clinically, the primary lesion was a T4 tumor infiltrating to the
      bladder neck, vagina, and vulva. Computed tomography did not detect any inguinal
      lymph node swelling or metastases to other sites. We selected radical
      extirpation, including cystectomy, ureterostomy, and bilateral inguinal and
      pelvic lymph node dissection. Although she subsequently underwent
      immunochemotherapy, consisting of dacarbazine, nimustine, vincristine, and beta
      interferon, she died of the cancer 14 months postoperatively.

PMID- 18158056
TI  - Passage of embolization coil through urinary collecting system one year after
      embolization.
AB  - Vascular injury is an uncommon, but serious, complication of percutaneous
      nephrolithotomy. Hyperselective angioembolization is an effective means of
      managing this complication with few reported adverse sequelae. We report a case
      in which an embolization coil placed after renal hemorrhage subsequently eroded
      into the collecting system more than 1 year postoperatively and was passed
      through the patient's urinary tract.

PMID- 18158057
TI  - Renal pelvic hemorrhage and acute renal failure associated with carboplatin
      therapy.
AB  - A 44-year-old woman with ovarian cancer and normal renal function developed gross
      hematuria after carboplatin therapy. Laboratory investigation revealed elevated
      blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine values. Computed tomography scan of the
      abdomen and pelvis with or without contrast revealed bilateral hydronephrosis
      with high-attenuation material within the left renal pelvis and both ureters
      consistent with blood. Delayed images at 3 hours revealed intense nephrogram with
      delayed excretion of contrast bilaterally. She underwent cystoscopy and placement
      of ureteral stent bilaterally. She had brisk diuresis with associated progressive
      decrease in serum creatinine to baseline value.

PMID- 18158058
TI  - Pathologically confirmed port site metastasis after laparoscopic radical
      prostatectomy: case report and literature review.
AB  - Laparoscopic port site metastases remain exceedingly rare for urologic tumors,
      despite the increasingly widespread use of laparoscopic techniques in the
      management of urologic malignancy. We report a case of port site metastases after
      transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

PMID- 18158059
TI  - Sparganosis presenting as spermatic cord hydrocele in six-year-old boy.
AB  - Sparganosis is a zoonosis that can involve many different areas of the human
      body. Urogenital sparganosis usually presents as a palpable subcutaneous nodule
      in the groin, labia, or scrotum. It can also present as a tumor in the epididymis
      and testis. However, no previous cases have been reported of it presenting as a
      spermatic cord hydrocele. We present a case of sparganosis with spermatic cord
      hydrocele in a 6-year-old boy.

PMID- 18158060
TI  - Bilateral adrenal myelolipoma associated with hyperaldosteronism: report of a
      case and review of the literature.
AB  - Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor composed of mature adipose cells and
      hematopoietic elements. Although they are not hormonally active, there is very
      rarely an association with functional adrenal disorders. We report a case of
      bilateral adrenal myelolipoma associated with primary hyperaldosteronism. To our
      knowledge, this is the first bilateral adrenal myelolipomas reported to date in
      association with primary hyperaldosteronism.

PMID- 18158061
TI  - Bladder and penile lesions with inguinal adenopathy after intravesical Bacillus
      Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment.
AB  - Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is usually a well-tolerated treatment
      strategy for transitional cell cancer of the bladder. We report a patient with
      penile and bladder mucosal lesions with inguinal adenopathy after six
      instillations of intravesical BCG. Pathology demonstrated inflammation with
      granulomatous changes. The lesions and adenopathy resolved with antituberculous
      drug treatment. We describe the patient's clinical presentation and review the
      complications of intravesical BCG treatment.

PMID- 18158062
TI  - Complete bladder duplication presenting as incontinence in an 11-year-old girl.
AB  - We describe the case of an 11-year-old girl with complete bladder duplication
      presenting as urinary incontinence. We discuss a unique surgical approach to the
      correction of her incontinence.

PMID- 18158063
TI  - Rare cystic mucinous cystadenoma presenting as a scrotal mass.
AB  - Recently, our institution reported on a rare primary retroperitoneal mucinous
      cystadenocarcinoma which was only the second type of this kind of tumor ever
      reported in a male patient. To our knowledge, we report the first male case of a
      primary mucinous cystadenoma presenting as an enlarging scrotal mass. These
      lesions are extremely rare and represent only 0.3% of all appendiceal specimens.
      Because the number of these tumors remains limited, proven treatment regimens and
      the necessary follow-up have yet to be elucidated. We hope to provide further
      insight in the monitoring and treatment of these tumors.

PMID- 18158064
TI  - Scrotal hysterectomy in a male patient with mixed gonadal dysgenesis
      46,XY(75%)/45,X(25%).
AB  - We report on a 20-year-old man in whom endocrinological investigation owing to
      dysmorphic signs characteristic for Turner syndrome revealed mixed gonadal
      dysgenesis. The patient was referred to us for further diagnostic investigations
      on a right intrascrotal tumour. Both testes were intrascrotal and hypotrophic
      with normal testosterone production. Surgical investigation showed a
      circumscribed tumor that proved to be a rudimentary uterus without evidence of
      malignancy at histological examination. Biopsies from both tested showed no signs
      of malignant disease. After removal of the tumor, we decided not to remove the
      testes prophylactically because of the male phenotype and the sufficient
      testosterone production.

PMID- 18158065
TI  - Inguinal herniation of a transplant ureter: rare cause of obstructive uropathy.
AB  - We present a rare case of late renal allograft failure from ureteral obstruction
      resulting from inguinal herniation. A 72-year-old man presented with an elevated
      creatinine and hydroureteronephrosis of a transplanted kidney on ultrasound.
      Noncontrast computed tomography demonstrated an inguinal hernia containing
      ureter, and a nephrostomy tube was placed. The hernia and ureter were temporarily
      reduced during antegrade stent insertion. Creatinine normalized and we performed
      inguinal herniorrhaphy with polypropylene mesh. The ureter was not reimplanted.
      Renal function remained stable after nephrostomy tube removal. Simple
      herniorrhaphy without ureteral reimplantation may fix the case of ureteral
      obstruction from inguinal herniation.

PMID- 18158066
TI  - Higher tumor to benign ratio of the androgen receptor mRNA expression associates
      with prostate cancer progression after radical prostatectomy.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Alterations of androgen receptor (AR) functions caused by
      overexpression, amplification, or mutation have been described in a significant
      subset of advanced prostate cancer (CaP). Because AR mutations or amplification
      are rare in early stage CaP, we hypothesized that altered AR expression in
      prostate tumor cells may provide a prognostic indicator of disease progression.
      METHODS: RNA from laser capture microdissected (LCM) tumor and benign epithelial
      cells from radical prostatectomy specimens of 115 hormone-naive patients were
      studied. Expression of AR and GAPDH genes were measured by duplex quantitative
      real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 230 specimens. A ratio of the
      expression of AR gene, normalized to GAPDH gene expression in the same specimens,
      was compared in tumor and benign epithelial cells (tumor-to-benign ratio) and
      correlated with clinicopathologic features. RESULTS: Paired t test analysis
      revealed a 62% lower AR expression in tumor tissue compared with benign tissue (P
      = 0.0005). However, multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of
      time to PSA recurrence revealed that higher tumor cell associated AR expression
      (continuous, log-transformed), significantly increases odds of prostate-specific
      antigen (PSA) recurrence (P = 0.0139) when controlling for age at surgery, race,
      time from diagnosis to surgery, risk stratification, pathologic T stage, Gleason
      sum, and margin status. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative determination of AR gene
      expression levels in prostate epithelial cells may be useful for predicting PSA
      recurrence. This study supports the accumulating data suggesting that gain of AR
      function may contribute to CaP progression.

PMID- 18158067
TI  - Tissue-targeted in vivo gene transfer coupled with histone deacetylase inhibitor
      depsipeptide (FK228) enhances adenoviral infection in rat renal cancer allograft
      model systems.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Although the adenoviral vector represents an efficient delivery
      system, hepatotropic accumulation often has detrimental effects on adenoviral
      vector-mediated cancer therapy. To overcome this disadvantage, we performed in
      vivo local gene transfer, in combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitor,
      depsipeptide (FK228), in a rat renal cancer model. METHODS: Renal cancer cells
      induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate in ACI rats were used in this study.
      Adenoviral vectors containing luciferase cDNA were introduced into the tumor
      burdened kidney by way of a catheter placed in the renal artery. Subcutaneous
      tumors were treated by herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase cDNA followed by
      intraperitoneal ganciclovir. The levels of Coxsackie-adenovirus receptor in
      various tissue were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase
      chain reaction. Depsipeptide (1 mg/kg) was intravenously administered 24 hours
      before adenoviral vector transduction. RESULTS: The catheter-based adenoviral
      vector delivery enabled strong gene transduction of the tumor-burdened kidney.
      Moreover, depsipeptide treatment before adenoviral vector injection significantly
      improved transgene expression at tumor sites. Quantitative reverse transcriptase
      polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that depsipeptide increased the
      expression levels of the Coxsackie-adenovirus receptor in the renal tumor (13
      fold), but not in other normal tissues. Furthermore, the use of herpes simplex
      virus thymidine kinase cDNA-expressing adenoviral vector followed by ganciclovir
      markedly inhibited the established tumor growth in combination with depsipeptide
      compared with herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase cDNA alone. CONCLUSIONS: The
      tissue-targeted in vivo gene transfer coupled with depsipeptide significantly
      enhanced adenoviral infection at tumor sites. Sensitization of tumor cells with
      depsipeptide can improve the efficacy of adenoviral vector-mediated suicide gene
      therapy. Thus, application of depsipeptide could be one of the beneficial adjunct
      for adenoviral vector-mediated cancer gene therapy.

PMID- 18158068
TI  - Beneficial effect of taurine on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of taurine, a potent antioxidant, on
      testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury due to excess reactive oxygen species
      produced by neutrophils after testicular torsion-detorsion. METHODS: A total of
      60 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, each
      containing 20 rats. The control group underwent a sham operation of the left
      testis. In the torsion-detorsion group, the left testis was rotated 720 degrees
      counterclockwise for 2 hours. The treatment group underwent the same surgical
      procedure as the torsion-detorsion group, but taurine was administered
      intravenously at repair of the testicular torsion. One half of the rats in each
      group underwent orchiectomy 4 hours after detorsion for measurement of
      myeloperoxidase activity, an indicator of neutrophil accumulation in the testis,
      and for evaluation of tissue malondialdehyde, an indicator of intratesticular
      reactive oxygen species content. The remainder were killed at orchiectomy 3
      months after detorsion for analysis of testicular spermatogenesis. RESULTS:
      Unilateral testicular torsion-detorsion caused a significant increase in
      myeloperoxidase activity and the malondialdehyde level and a significant decrease
      in testicular spermatogenesis in the ipsilateral testes. The decrease in
      ipsilateral testicular spermatogenesis involved a reduction in testicular weight,
      mean seminiferous tubular diameter, number of germ cell layers, and mean
      testicular biopsy score. The rats treated with taurine had a significant decrease
      in myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde level and a significant increase
      in testicular spermatogenesis in the ipsilateral testes compared with the torsion
      detorsion group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study have shown that the
      administration of taurine exerts a beneficial effect on testicular ischemia
      reperfusion injury. This effect might be partly the result of a reduction in
      reactive oxygen species generation by diminishing neutrophil recruitment to the
      testis.

PMID- 18158069
TI  - Oncolytic virotherapy for prostate cancer by E1A, E1B mutant adenovirus.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To report our therapeutic results in prostate cancer using double
      mutated adenovirus AxdAdB-3, which has a mutation of E1A and deletion of E1B
      55KD. Advanced prostate cancer can harbor multiple genetic alterations, including
      p53 and Rb/E2F/p16, and is often refractory to hormonal ablation. Virotherapy has
      been used to target these genetic abnormalities using mutant oncolytic adenovirus
      for the management of other cancers. METHODS: The cytopathic effects of AxdAdB-3
      were examined in human prostate carcinoma cell lines (DU145, PC3, and LNCaP) and
      human normal prostate-derived cell lines (PrEC and PrSC) with AxE1AdB and dl922
      947 by crystal violet staining and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5
      diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The therapeutic efficacy of AxdAdB-3 for the
      treatment of prostate cancer was investigated in an orthotopic prostate cancer
      model established with DU145 in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice.
      RESULTS: AxdAdB-3 induced potent cytopathic effects in the prostate cancer cell
      lines tested. AxdAdB-3 showed no cytotoxicity in the normal prostate-derived cell
      lines PrEC and PrSC. In vivo, AxdAdB-3 showed apparent antitumor effect in the
      orthotopic prostate cancer model and significantly improved survival.
      CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that AxdAdB-3 could be a promising tool for
      virotherapy against prostate cancer in patients with disease resistant to
      hormonal therapy.

PMID- 18158070
TI  - The effect of partial bladder outlet obstruction on carbonyl and nitrotyrosine
      distribution in rabbit bladder.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Recent evidence indicates that ischemia and reperfusion (free radical
      generation) are major etiologic factors in the rabbit bladder subjected to
      partial outlet obstruction. The current investigation was designed to determine
      the time course of damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive
      nitrogen species (RNS) by measuring the carbonyl and nitrotyrosine content of the
      bladder. METHODS: Male rabbits underwent surgical partial bladder outlet
      obstruction for durations of 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Sham-operated rabbits served
      as controls. The contractile responses to field stimulation (32 Hz) and carbachol
      (20 micromol/L) were determined. The nerve density was determined by using
      immunohistochemical methods. The carbonyl and nitrotyrosine contents within the
      bladder body wall and mucosa were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS: Nerve
      density showed marked decrease in obstructed bladders. The responses to field
      stimulation and carbachol showed remarkable decrease in bladders after 8 weeks'
      obstruction. The protein carbonylation increased significantly in obstructed
      bladders when compared with controls, both in mucosa and muscles and reached the
      highest level in 4 weeks' obstruction. There was a 2-fold increase for
      nitrotyrosine in mucosa after 8 weeks of obstruction. The increased expression of
      nitrotyrosine in muscle was maximized at 4 weeks of obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: The
      free radicals mediated protein carbonylation and tyrosine nitration occurs to a
      significant degree in the partially obstructed rabbit bladder. This may be
      related with sensory and contractile dysfunction and can be used as markers for
      free radical damage and reperfusion injury.

PMID- 18158071
TI  - Role of recombinant human growth hormone in HIV-associated wasting and cachexia:
      pathophysiology and rationale for treatment.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Wasting, or cachexia, is a significant, debilitating, and potentially
      life-threatening complication of HIV infection. It is associated with reduced
      strength and functional ability, reduced ability to withstand opportunistic
      infections, and increased risk of mortality. Although the incidence of HIV
      associated wasting may have declined since the introduction of highly active
      antiretroviral therapy (HAART), it continues to be a concern in this patient
      population. OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews available data on the etiology and
      clinical impact of HIV-associated wasting, the role of the growth hormone/insulin
      like growth factor-I axis in the pathophysiology of this condition, and the
      rationale for its treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH).
      METHODS: MEDLINE was searched for articles published in English through August
      2007 using the terms HIV, wasting (and related terms), and growth hormone.
      Preference was given to clinical studies (including randomized clinical studies),
      meta-analyses, and guidelines. Review articles were evaluated and the
      bibliographies examined for additional relevant articles. The analysis was
      restricted to studies conducted in developed countries. RESULTS: Alterations in
      the growth hormone/insulin like growth factor-I axis have been observed in
      patients with HIV-associated wasting, including elevated levels of the former and
      reduced levels of insulin-like growth factor I. In randomized, placebo-controlled
      studies, rhGH significantly improved lean body mass by approximately 3 kg
      compared with placebo (P < 0.001) and total body weight by approximately 3 kg (P
      < 0.001), and was associated with significant improvements in physical endurance
      and quality of life (P < 0.001). Common adverse events with rhGH therapy include
      blood glucose elevations, arthralgia (36.4%), myalgia (30.4%), and peripheral
      edema (26.1%), but these usually respond to dose reduction or drug
      discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should be alert to the possibility of
      wasting in HIV-infected patients receiving HAART and should consider treatment to
      improve patients' stamina and quality of life. The evidence supports a role for
      rhGH in the treatment of patients with HIV-associated wasting. Regular blood
      glucose monitoring is advised when treating wasting with rhGH.

PMID- 18158072
TI  - Dasatinib: a tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of chronic myelogenous
      leukemia and philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The Philadelphia chromosome is formed from a translocation of genetic
      material involving human chromosomes 9 and 22. The resulting gene product, BCR
      ABL, encodes for an abnormal tyrosine kinase (TK) that is a factor in the
      pathology of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Use of targeted therapy that
      inhibits BCR-ABL kinase activity may lead to hematologic and cytogenetic
      responses in affected individuals. The oral TK inhibitor dasatinib was approved
      in 2006 for use in patients with CML or Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who are unable to tolerate or have not responded to
      other treatments. OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews the available data on dasatinib,
      including its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, findings of in
      vitro and in vivo studies, adverse effects, and potential place in therapy.
      METHODS: Pertinent information was identified through searches of MEDLINE (1966
      May 2007), EMBASE (1980-first quarter 2007), and International Pharmaceutical
      Abstracts (1970-May 2007) using the terms dasatinib, BMS-354825, chronic
      myelogenous leukemia, Sprycel, Philadelphia chromosome, and acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia. All clinical studies and case reports published at the time of the
      search were included in this review. RESULTS: Observed mutations in the amino
      acid sequence of BCR-ABL cause the failure of treatment with existing TK
      inhibitors. Dasatinib has shown in vitro and in vivo activity against BCR-ABL,
      including mutations that are resistant to other available TK inhibitors.
      Preliminary results are available from several noncomparative studies of
      dasatinib in patients who were unable to tolerate or were resistant to previous
      therapies. The 5 phases of START (SRC/ABL Tyrosine kinase inhibition Activity
      Research Trials of dasatinib) represent the largest and most comprehensive
      evaluation of dasatinib in the treatment of patients in all stages of CML or
      Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL who had undergone previous treatment for
      leukemia. Dasatanib had the greatest benefit in patients in the chronic phase of
      CML, with complete hematologic responses in 90% of patients, 52% of whom achieved
      a major hematologic response. Compared with those in the chronic phase, patients
      in the accelerated phase or blast crisis of CML, or with Philadelphia chromosome
      positive ALL had lower responses. In the START-R trial, which compared the
      response to dasatinib and high-dose imatinib (800 mg/d), both regimens had
      comparable ability to induce a complete hematologic response (95% and 93%,
      respectively), although more patients achieved a major cytogenetic response with
      dasatinib (32% vs 7%). Adverse effects include significant myelosuppression.
      Dasatinib may have the potential for use in the management of nonleukemic
      malignancies. CONCLUSIONS: Dasatinib has a wider spectrum of activity against a
      broader range of BCR-ABL forms than existing TK inhibitors. It has shown clinical
      benefit and tolerability in patients in all phases of CML, as well as in those
      with Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL. Dasatinib illustrates the potential
      for targeted drug development based on an understanding of the genetic
      alterations leading to CML and the development of resistance to treatment.

PMID- 18158073
TI  - Tipranavir: the first nonpeptidic protease inhibitor for the treatment of
      protease resistance.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of a growing number of potent antiretroviral
      agents, efforts to completely suppress viral replication in patients with HIV-1
      infection are limited because of the increasing risk of resistance. Tipranavir
      (TPV) is the first in a class of antiretroviral agents known as nonpeptidic
      protease inhibitors (PIs). TPV exhibits a resistance profile distinct from that
      of other currently available PIs, making it a potential option for treatment
      experienced patients with resistance to multiple Pls. OBJECTIVE: This article
      discusses the clinical pharmacology and efficacy of TPV in the treatment of HIV-1
      infection in patients who are highly treatment experienced or harbor PI-resistant
      virus. METHODS: A search was conducted of English language, peer-reviewed
      articles and abstracts indexed on the MEDLINE and Current Contents databases
      (1966-May 2007) using the terms tipranavir, Aptivus, nonpeptidic protease
      inhibitor, human immunodeficiency virus, and protease resistance. Product
      information and abstracts from national and international AIDS and retrovirus
      meetings (2005-2006) were also reviewed. RESULTS: Use of TPV in combination with
      ritonavir (TPV/r) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration based on 2
      Phase III studies. In these studies, HIV-infected patients with extensive
      treatment experience with antiretroviral agents, including PIs, nucleoside
      analogues, and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, were randomized to
      receive TPV/r or a ritonavir-boosted comparator PI. All patients had evidence of
      resistance to multiple PIs. The specific comparator (amprenavir, indinavir,
      lopinavir, or saquinavir) was selected for each patient with the aid of
      resistance testing. Each patient also received an optimized background regimen of
      antiretroviral agents, which could include enfuvirtide. At 24, 48, and 96 weeks,
      the TPV/r group had higher rates of virologic response (defined as > or =1 log10
      decrease in HIV RNA) and viral suppression (to <400 and <50 copies/mL) than did
      the comparator group. CONCLUSIONS: Although TPV has a mechanism of action similar
      to that of earlier-generation PIs, it has activity against HIV-1 strains with
      resistance to multiple PIs. Currently, TPV/r is indicated for use in highly
      treatment experienced patients with multiple PI resistance.

PMID- 18158074
TI  - Efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram versus citalopram in major depressive
      disorder: a 6-week, multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, active
      controlled study in adult outpatients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The S-enantiomer of citalopram (escitalopram) is the active moiety
      linked to the anti-depressant effects associated with citalopram (the racemate).
      For escitalopram to be approved for the treatment of depression in Europe,
      findings from clinical trials of escitalopram are required to match previous
      results from studies of the racemate, citalopram. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this
      study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram and citalopram
      in outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: This prospective,
      randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study was conducted at 8 psychiatric
      outpatient clinics in the Federation of Russia. Adult outpatients aged 25 to 45
      years with MDD and a total score > or =25 on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression
      Rating Scale (MADRS) were eligible. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 6
      weeks of treatment with fixed daily doses of escitalopram 10 mg, citalopram 10
      mg, or citalopram 20 mg. Efficacy assessments were made at weeks 0 (baseline), 1,
      4, and 6 (study end or last observation carried forward). The primary efficacy
      parameter was the change from baseline in MADRS total score. Secondary measures
      were the change from baseline in MADRS total score in a subgroup of severely
      depressed patients (baseline MADRS total score, > or =35), MADRS core depression
      subscale score, and Clinical Global Impression-Severity and Improvement (CGI-S
      and CGI-I) scores; and the proportions of patients classified as responders and
      remitters at study end. Tolerability was assessed using adverse events (AEs)
      recorded by the investigator. RESULTS: Of 330 assessable randomized patients, 8
      withdrew, including 7 who withdrew consent and 1 who withdrew due to recurrence
      of a preexisting event. Thus, 322 patients were included in the assessment (mean
      age, 35 years; 41.6% male; all white; escitalopram 10 mg, 108 patients;
      citalopram 10 mg, 106; citalopram 20 mg, 108). At study end, the mean (SE) change
      from baseline in MADRS total score was significantly greater in the escitalopram
      arm than in the 10- and 20-rag citalopram arms (-28.70 [0.78] vs -20.11 [0.80]
      and -25.19 [0.78]; both, P < 0.001). Improvements were more marked in the
      severely depressed subgroup (-30.33 [0.95] vs -20.87 [0.99] and -26.34 [0.91]).
      Changes in the CGI-S and CGI-I scores and the rates of response and remission
      were significantly greater in the escitalopram group compared with those in the
      citalopram 10- and 20-mg groups (CGI-S: -2.60 [0.10] vs -1.61 [0.10] and -2.05
      [0.10]; CGI-I: +1.58 [0.09] vs +2.35 [0.10] and +1.80 [0.09]; response: 95.4% vs
      44.3% and 83.3%; remission: 89.8% vs 25.5% and 50.9% [all, P < 0.001]). Mean (SE)
      changes from baseline in core depression subscale score were -19.00 (0.59), 
      13.00 (0.60), and -16.52 (0.58) with escitalopram, citalopram 10 mg, and
      citalopram 20 mg, respectively. The prevalence of AEs was significantly lower in
      the escitalopram group (7) compared with the citalopram groups (16 and 19 in the
      10- and 20-mg groups, respectively; both, P < 0.05). Nausea (2 [1.9%], 5 [4.7%],
      and 7 [6.5%] patients in the escitalopram and citalopram 10- and 20-mg groups,
      respectively) and headache (1 [0.9%], 2 [1.9%], and 4 [3.7%]) were the most
      frequently reported AEs. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study suggest that
      escitalopram 10 mg was more effective than citalopram 10 and 20 mg at 6 weeks in
      these adult outpatients with MDD. All treatments were well tolerated.

PMID- 18158075
TI  - Tolerability and efficacy of exenatide and titrated insulin glargine in adult
      patients with type 2 diabetes previously uncontrolled with metformin or a
      sulfonylurea: a multinational, randomized, open-label, two-period, crossover
      noninferiority trial.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety profiles
      of exenatide and insulin glargine therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who
      had not achieved glucose control with metformin or sulfonylurea monotherapy.
      METHODS: This multinational, randomized, open-label, crossover noninferiority
      study compared the efficacy of exenatide 10 pg BID and insulin glargine QD
      (titrated targeting a fasting serum glucose (FSG) level < or =5.6 mmol/L) in
      patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a single oral antidiabetic agent. The
      study included two 16-week treatment periods. The primary a priori outcome
      variable was the change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(lc)). Secondary outcomes
      included the proportion of patients achieving the American Diabetes Association
      (ADA) target HbA(lc) of < or =7% and the European Association for the Study of
      Diabetes target of < or =6.5%, the change in FSG, end-point values and change in
      the 7-point self-monitored glucose profile, and change in body weight. Adverse
      events were assessed based on standard laboratory tests and patient reports.
      RESULTS: One hundred thirty-eight patients were randomized to study treatment
      (52.9% female, 47.1% male; 79.7% white; mean [SEM] age, 54.9 [0.8] years;
      duration of diabetes, 7.4 [0.4] years; body mass index, 31.1 [0.4] kg/m(2);
      weight, 84.8 [1.4] kg) while continuing to receive metformin (55.1%) or a
      sulfonylurea (44.9%). The population had a baseline least squares (LS) mean (SEM)
      HbA(lc) of 8.95% (0.09%) and an LS mean FSG concentration of 12.0 (0.3) mmol/L.
      Both exenatide and titrated insulin glargine therapy were associated with similar
      significant changes from baseline in HbA(1c) (both, -1.36% [0.09%]; P < 0.001);
      the difference between groups was not statistically significant. The LS mean
      HbA(1c) at end point was above the ADA target with both treatments (exenatide,
      7.57% [0.09%]; insulin glargine, 7.58% [0.09%]). Similar proportions of patients
      achieved an HbA(1c) < or =7% (37.5% and 39.8%, respectively; P = NS) or < or
      =6.5% (21.5% and 13.6%). Patients lost weight during exenatide treatment, whereas
      they gained weight during insulin glargine treatment; the between-group
      difference in weight change was statistically significant (LS mean difference, 
      2.2 [0.3] kg; 95% CI, -2.8 to-1.7; P < 0.001). Both exenatide and insulin
      glargine were associated with significant reductions from baseline in FSG (-2.9
      [0.2] and -4.1 [0.2] mmol/L, respectively; both, P < 0.001), although the
      reduction was significantly greater with insulin glargine compared with exenatide
      (LS mean difference, 1.2 [0.3] mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.7; P < 0.001). Compared
      with insulin glargine, exenatide was associated with significantly lower 2-hour
      postprandial glucose (PPG) excursions (P < 0.016) and total daily mean glucose
      excursion (P < 0.001). The proportions of patients reporting nausea during
      exenatide and insulin glargine treatment were 42.6% and 3.1%, respectively; the
      proportions reporting vomiting were 9.6% and 3.1%. The incidence of hypoglycemia
      in the 2 groups was 14.7% and 25.2% (P = NS). CONCLUSIONS: In this open-label,
      crossover study, treatment with exenatide or insulin glargine for 16 weeks was
      associated with similar significant improvements from baseline in HbA(1c),
      independent of treatment order. The improvements in HbA(1c) from baseline did not
      differ significantly between treatment groups. Exenatide therapy was associated
      with significant reductions in body weight and PPG excursions compared with
      insulin glargine, whereas insulin glargine was associated with a significantly
      greater reduction in FSG compared with exenatide. These findings provide
      additional information to guide treatment decisions in patients with type 2
      diabetes who are potential candidates for either therapy.

PMID- 18158076
TI  - Mealtime 50/50 basal + prandial insulin analogue mixture with a basal insulin
      analogue, both plus metformin, in the achievement of target HbA1c and pre- and
      postprandial blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a
      multinational, 24-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparison.
AB  - BACKGROUND: In people without diabetes, approximately 50% of daily insulin
      secretion is basal and the remainder is postprandial. Hence, it would be expected
      that insulin replacement therapy in a 50/50 ratio with each meal would mimic
      physiologic insulin secretion better than treatment with once-daily basal insulin
      in patients with diabetes mellitus. Using lispro mix (LM) 50/50 before meals may
      be a logical approach to achieving glycemic targets (glycosylated hemoglobin
      [HbA(lc)] and pre- and postprandial blood glucose [BG] concentrations) in these
      patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that
      treatment with a premixed insulin analogue containing 50/50 basal + prandial
      insulins administered before each meal would achieve lower overall and mealtime
      glycemic control than once-daily basal insulin analogue, both plus metformin
      (Met), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This 24-week,
      randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial was conducted at 38 sites across
      Australia, Greece, India, The Netherlands, Poland, Puerto Rico, and the United
      States. Male and female patients aged 35 to 75 years with type 2 diabetes
      mellitus and an HbA(1c) level of 6.5% to 11.0%, who were receiving metformin
      and/or a sulfonylurea with a stable dose of 0 to 2 daily insulin injections over
      the previous 3 months were eligible. Patients were randomly assigned to receive
      LM50/50 (50% insulin lispro protamine suspension [ILPS] and 50% lispro) TID plus
      metformin (to a maximally tolerated daily dosage of 500-1000 mg BID) (LM50/50 +
      Met) or insulin glargine QD at bedtime plus metformin (500-1000 mg BID) (G + Met)
      for 24 weeks. With LM50/50 + Met, the insulin dose was titrated to target a
      fasting BG (FBG) level of <6.7 mmol/L (<120 mg/dL) and a 2-hour post-prandial BG
      (PPBG) level of <8.0 mmol/L (<144 mg/dL); those who did not reach the FBG target
      would be switched from presupper LM50/50 to LM75/25 (75% ILPS, 25% lispro).
      RESULTS: A total of 315 patients were randomized and received treatment (158
      women, 157 men; mean age, 57.7 years; mean body mass index, 32.1 kg/m2; LM50/50 +
      Met, 157 patients; G + Met, 158 patients). At 24 weeks, the mean (SD)HbA(1c)
      level was significantly lower in the LM50/50 + Met group than in the G + Met
      group (7.1% [0.9%] vs 7.5% [1.0%]; P<0.001), and the proportion who reached an
      HbA(1c) target of < or = 7.0% was greater (88 [56.1%] vs 63 [39.9%]; P = 0.005).
      The G + Met group had a lower mean (SD)FBG value (6.5 [1.6] vs 8.1 [1.8] mmol/L;
      P<0.001). The LM50/50 + Met group had lower mean preprandial BG levels prelunch
      (7.4 [1.9] vs 7.9 [2.1] mmol/L; P=0.03) and presupper (8.3 [2.0] vs 8.9 [2.8]
      mmol/L; P=0.04). The LM50/50 + Met group also had lower mean 2-hour PPBG values
      postbreakfast (8.7 [2.2] vs 9.2 [2.5] mmol/L; P=0.03), postlunch (8.4 [1.9] vs
      9.8 [2.6], mmol/L; p<0.001), and postsupper (8.7 [2.2] vs 10.7 [3.2], mmol/L;
      P<0.001). The mean (SD) total insulin doses at study end point were 0.7 (0.3)
      U/kg in the LM50/50 + Met group and 0.6 (0.3) U/kg in the G + Met group
      (P<0.001). The mean (SD)M-value (an expression of mean glycemia and the effect of
      glucose swings) was statistically similar between the 2 groups at baseline but
      significantly lower in the LM50/50 + Met group at end point (17.3 [13.8] vs 25.1
      [24.8] mmol/L; P<0.001). During the entire treatment period, mean (SD) overall
      and nocturnal hypoglycemia rates (episodes per patient for 30 days) were
      statistically similar between the 2 groups (overall, 0.8 [1.4] vs 0.5 [1.0];
      nocturnal, 0.2 [0.7] vs 0.3 [0.6]). At end point, the mean (SD) nocturnal
      hypoglycemia rates were similar between the 2 groups (0.2 [0.9] vs 0.2 [0.6]),
      but the overall and non-nocturnal hypoglycemia rates were higher with LM50/50 +
      Met (overall, 0.7 [1.7] vs 0.3 [0.8]; P=0.02; non-nocturnal, 0.5 [1.2] vs 0.1
      [0.4]; P=0.002). CONCLUSION: In these patients with type 2 diabetes, mealtime
      LM50/50 + Met was associated with lower overall (HbA(1c)) and preprandial BG and
      PPBG levels (except for FBG), with similar nocturnal hypoglycemia and less
      glycemic variability, compared with G + Met.

PMID- 18158077
TI  - Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of pitavastatin and atorvastatin: an
      8-week, multicenter, randomized, open-label, dose-titration study in Korean
      patients with hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although previous studies have examined the efficacy of pitavastatin,
      its tolerability and effects on lipid concentrations have not been compared with
      those of atorvastatin in a multicenter, randomized study. OBJECTIVE: This trial
      compared the efficacy and tolerability of pitavastatin and atorvastatin in
      hypercholesterolemic Korean adults. METHODS: This 8-week, multicenter,
      randomized, open-label, dose-titration study was conducted at 18 clinical centers
      in Korea between May 2005 and February 2006. After a 4-week dietary lead-in
      period, patients with hypercholesterolemia were randomized to receive either
      pitavastatin 2 mg/d or atorvastatin 10 mg/d. Patients who had not reached the low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal by week 4 received a double dose of
      the assigned medication for an additional 4 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated in
      terms of achievement of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult
      Treatment Panel III LDL-C goals and changes from baseline in other lipids and
      high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The tolerability profile was
      assessed by physical and electro-cardiographic examinations, laboratory tests,
      and recording adverse reactions at all visits. RESULTS: A total of 268 patients
      were randomized to treatment, and 222 (82.8%) completed the study (149 women, 73
      men; mean age, 59 years; mean weight, 63.5 kg). At the end of the study, there
      was no significant difference between the pitavastatin and atorvastatin groups in
      the proportion of patients achieving the LDL-C goal (92.7% [102/110] vs 92.0%
      [103/112], respectively). In addition, there were no significant differences
      between groups in terms of the percent changes from baseline in LDL-C, total
      cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), or hs
      CRP. Twenty-six of 136 patients (19.1%) taking pitavastatin reported 35 treatment
      emergent adverse reactions; 33 of 132 patients (25.0%) taking atorvastatin
      reported 39 treatment-emergent adverse reactions. Elevations in creatine kinase
      were observed in 6 patients (4.4%) in the pitavastatin group and 7 patients
      (5.3%) in the atorvastatin group. There were no serious adverse drug reactions in
      either group. CONCLUSIONS: In these adult Korean patients with
      hypercholesterolemia, pitavastatin and atorvastatin did not differ significantly
      in terms of the proportions of patients achieving the LDL-C goal; reductions in
      LDL-C, total cholesterol, and triglycerides; or increases in HDL-C. Both drugs
      were well tolerated.

PMID- 18158078
TI  - Comparison of biphasic insulin aspart 30 given three times daily or twice daily
      in combination with metformin versus oral antidiabetic drugs alone in patients
      with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: a 16-week, randomized, open-label,
      parallel-group trial conducted in russia.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Modern premixed insulins offer a flexible approach to the initiation
      of insulin therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. A
      disadvantage of twice-daily regimens of biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) is
      that lunchtime control (when no insulin is administered) can be suboptimal.
      Therefore, it is possible that administering BIAsp 30 thrice daily might further
      optimize glycemic control and offer an option for patients in whom metformin
      (MET) is contraindicated. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety
      profiles of 2 different regimens of BIAsp 30 compared with a regimen consisting
      of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) alone. METHODS: In this multicenter,
      randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial, insulin-naive patients with poorly
      controlled type 2 diabetes (baseline glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA(1c) > or =8.0%)
      who were taking OADs (a sulfonylurea or meglitinide with/without MET or MET only)
      were randomized to receive BIAsp 30 TID, BIAsp 30 BID + MET, or continuation of
      their current OAD therapy for 16 weeks. The primary end point was HbA(1c) at the
      end of the study. Secondary end points included reductions in HbA(1c), mean blood
      glucose (BG), prandial increment, mean 7-point self-monitored BG profile, weight
      changes, tolerability (hypoglycemia, adverse events), and satisfaction/quality of
      life (derived from 2 questionnaires completed at weeks 0, 8, and 16). RESULTS:
      The study enrolled 308 insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (78.9% female;
      mean age, 58.3 years; body mass index, 29.4 kg/m(2); HbA(1c), 10.3%). Both BIAsp
      30 TID and BIAsp 30 BID + MET were associated with significantly greater mean
      (SD) reductions in HbA(1c) relative to OADs alone (absolute percent reduction:
      2.9% [1.5%], 3.0% [1.6%], and 2.1% [1.4%], respectively; P < 0.001, both insulin
      groups vs OAD group) and improved post-prandial glucose control (reduction in
      mean post-prandial glucose:-6.32 [4.07], -6.44 [4.70], and -3.59 [4.22] mmol/L; P
      < 0.001, both insulin groups vs OAD group). The mean decrease in the prandial
      increment was -1.26 mmol/L for BIAsp 30 TID, -2.15 mmol/L for BIAsp 30 BID + MET,
      and -0.44 mmol/L for OAD. The differences in reduction in the prandial increment
      were statistically significant for BIAsp 30 TID versus OAD (P = 0.047), BIAsp 30
      BID + MET versus OAD (P < 0.001), and BIAsp 30 TID versus BIAsp 30 BID + MET (P =
      0.042). Mean body weight increased significantly from baseline with both BIAsp 30
      TID and BIAsp 30 BID + MET (+1.71 and +1.50 kg, respectively; both, P < 0.001),
      and decreased significantly in the OAD group (-0.75 kg; P = 0.003). There were no
      major hypoglycemic events, and most hypoglycemic events were recorded as symptoms
      only (144/158 [91.1%]). There were no significant differences in the mean
      frequency of overall hypoglycemic episodes between BIAsp 30 TID and BIAsp 30 BID
      + MET (0.73 and 0.69 episodes per patient-year, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In
      these patients with type 2 diabetes that was poorly controlled by OADs, BIAsp 30
      TID and BIAsp 30 BID plus MET were associated with significantly greater
      reductions in HbA(1c) and postprandial BG compared with OADs alone. The insulin
      regimens were associated with significantly more weight gain than OADs alone.
      There were no differences in rates of hypoglycemia between the insulin regimens.

PMID- 18158079
TI  - Titration patterns with rosuvastatin as compared with other statins in clinical
      practice: a retrospective observational cohort study using an electronic medical
      record database.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Lipid management in clinical practice has been suboptimal with a
      significant proportion of patients not achieving recommended cholesterol levels.
      A reason for low goal attainment may be the limited use of upward dose titration.
      OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if, in routine clinical
      practice, a lower rate of titration is observed among rosuvastatin patients who
      achieved the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III
      (NCEP ATP III) target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals as
      compared with patients achieving the target LDL-C goals on other statins.
      METHODS: This retrospective database study included the patients, aged > or =18
      years, of approximately 3000 physicians across the United States, who were newly
      prescribed statin treatment from August 2003 to May 2005. Patients were excluded
      if they started on a maximum dose of statin, were at LDL-C goal at baseline (no
      clinical reason for titrating), or on fluvastatin (<70 patients). Titration rate
      with rosuvastatin was compared with other statins. Multivariate logistic
      regression models adjusted for baseline LDL-C, coronary heart disease risk,
      treatment duration, and target LDL-C goal attainment. RESULTS: This study
      assessed 12,041 patients for upward titration. Of the 5955 eligible patients
      (mean age, 63 years; male, 47%), 7.2% were prescribed rosuvastatin, 63.5%
      atorvastatin, 15.3% simvastatin, 7.2% pravastatin, and 6.9% lovastatin. Overall,
      4337 patients (72.8%) attained the NCEP ATP III target LDL-C goal. Mean duration
      of statin treatment was 188 days for rosuvastatin compared with 238 to 260 days
      for the other statins (all, P < 0.05). Among patients attaining the target LDL-C
      goal, significantly fewer rosuvastatin patients (8.3%) had titration compared
      with atorvastatin (17.0%), simvastatin (20.0%), pravastatin (20.7%), and
      lovastatin (23.5%) (all, P < 0.05). After adjusting for baseline characteristics,
      patients attaining the target LDL-C goal on other statins were significantly more
      likely to be titrated as compared with rosuvastatin (odds ratios, 2.0-3.3; P <
      0.05). Lower titration rates for rosuvastatin patients were also observed in the
      total population (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study found that rosuvastatin
      patients who attained the NCEP ATP III target LDL-C goal had significantly lower
      titration rates than patients receiving other statins.

PMID- 18158080
TI  - Meta-analysis of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in medically Ill patients.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in medically ill patients
      has received a level 1A recommendation in previously published clinical
      guidelines. Pharmacologic prophylaxis for VTE includes unfractionated heparin
      (UFH), low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and fondaparinux. Few direct
      comparisons between anticoagulants exist in medically ill patients. OBJECTIVE:
      This meta-analysis was conducted to assess UFH and LMWH (including the selective
      factor Xa inhibitor fondaparinux) in the reduction of in-hospital VTE in
      unselected medically ill patients. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the
      Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry databases from January 1981 through September
      2007 (English language) for randomized controlled trials using the following
      terms: dalteparin, enoxaparin, fondaparinux, nadroparin, and heparin. References
      of included articles and key review papers for additional studies were also
      searched. Data from studies were included in the analysis if the studies included
      medically ill patients with risk factors for VTE who had been followed up for 7
      to 21 days. RESULTS: A total of 12,391 patients (of whom 8357 were in placebo
      controlled trials) from 9 studies were included. Mean age for the entire cohort
      was 72.8 years; mean (SD) body mass index, 25.6 kg/m2; and mean (SD) actual body
      weight, 68.2 kg. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was significantly reduced with the
      addition of an LMWH compared with placebo (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% CI, 0.47
      0.75; P < or = 0.001), but rates of DVT were similar when comparing LMWH with UFH
      (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.56-1.52). No significant differences in pulmonary embolism
      (PE) or death were found among the UFH, LMWH, and placebo groups. LMWH was
      associated with a significant increased risk for minor bleeding compared with
      placebo (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.18-2.29; P = 0.003). However, no significant
      difference was found between LMWH and UFH (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.27-1.70). Major
      bleeding events were similar among all groups: LMWH/fondaparinux versus placebo,
      OR, 1.65 (95% CI, 0.8-3.4); LMWH/fondaparinux versus UFH, OR, 0.69 (95% CI, 0.29
      1.68); LMWH/fondaparinux versus UFH or placebo, OR, 1.16 (95% CI, 0.66-2.04).
      CONCLUSIONS: This analysis suggests that VTE prophylaxis with an LMWH (including
      fondaparinux) or UFH is effective in reducing the rate of DVT, but this benefit
      did not extend to enhanced protection against PE. Additionally, LMWH and UFH had
      similar bleeding outcomes.

PMID- 18158081
TI  - Effectiveness and tolerability of administration of granulocyte colony
      stimulating factor on left ventricular function in patients with myocardial
      infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Clinical studies suggest that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
      (G-CSF)-mobilized stem cells are recruited to ischemic myocardium and
      differentiate into specialized cells such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells,
      and smooth muscle cells, and may improve left ventricular function. OBJECTIVES:
      The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and tolerability of G
      CSF treatment with regard to global left ventricular function in patients with
      myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: A literature search was conducted of
      MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, Science Citation Index, and
      PubMed (all from their inception to March 2007). Reference lists of papers and
      reviews on the topic were also searched. We selected the following criteria for
      trials included in this study: (1) randomized controlled trial (RCT) design of MI
      routine therapy comparing G-CSF with placebo or blank control in patients with
      MI; (2) > or =3 to < or =12 months' follow-up after G-CSF treatment; (3)
      diagnosis of acute MI (AMI) (< or =14 days from onset of new ST-segment elevation
      infarction) or old MI (OMI) (>14 days from onset); (4) complete left ventricular
      ejection fraction (LVEF) data and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE)
      reports; and (5) the availability of demographic characteristics of patients and
      the duration and dose of G-CSF treatment. This information was independently
      extracted by 2 of the investigators using a standardized protocol. RESULTS: Of
      the 14 RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria, 7 RCTs were deemed eligible for
      further analysis. The remaining studies included 364 patients (G-CSF groups, 179;
      control groups, 185; mean age range, 49.8-63.0 years). A significant increase in
      follow-up LVEF (LVEF(follow-up)) was observed in the G-CSF groups compared with
      the control groups (2.96%; 95% CI, 0.98-4.94; P = 0.003), and the LVEF change
      from baseline to follow-up (LVEF(Delta)) also significantly increased (3.46%; 95%
      CI, 0.60-6.32; P = 0.018). The heterogeneity was significant across the studies
      with regard to LVEF(follow-up) (P = 0.068) and the LVEFA (P = 0.001). The
      relative risk (RR) for the prevalence of MACEs, including ventricular arrhythmia
      (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.29-1.49), rehospitalization for heart failure (RR, 2.00; 95%
      CI, 0.36-11.17), and the composite of other cardiovascular events (ie, cardiac
      death, recurrent MI, infarct-vessel revascularization procedure, and stroke) (RR,
      1.07; 95% CI, 0.71-1.60), was not significantly different in the G-CSF treatment
      groups compared with the control groups. The overall risk for MACE was also not
      significantly different between the 2 groups (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.57-1.28).
      CONCLUSION: Based on the studies included in this meta-analysis, G-CSF treatment
      improved the LVEF in AMI (but not OMI) at 3 to 12 months follow-up. Treatment
      with G-CSF was generally well tolerated.

PMID- 18158082
TI  - Effects of ezetimibe/simvastatin on lipoprotein subfractions in patients with
      primary hypercholesterolemia: an exploratory analysis of archived samples using
      two commercially available techniques.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cholesterol-rich lipoproteins, including low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol (LDL-C), intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol (IDL-C), and
      very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), are known to promote
      atherosclerosis. Ezetimibe/simvastatin (E/S) is an efficacious lipid-lowering
      treatment that inhibits both the intestinal absorption and biosynthesis of
      cholesterol. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current analysis was to compare the
      effects of ezetimibe and simvastatin monotherapy and E/S treatment on lipoprotein
      subfractions and LDL particle size in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia.
      METHODS: This was an exploratory (hypothesis generating) analysis of archived
      plasma samples drawn from patients in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind,
      placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study. After a washout and diet/placebo run-in,
      patients with hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C, > or =145- < or =250 mg/dL;
      triglycerides, < or =350 mg/dL) were randomized equally to 1 of 10 daily
      treatments for 12 weeks: E/S (10/10, 10/20, 10/40, or 10/80 mg), simvastatin
      monotherapy (10, 20, 40, or 80 mg), ezetimibe monotherapy (10 mg), or placebo. A
      subset of patients had lipid subfraction measurements taken at baseline (week 0)
      and postrandomization (week 12). Plasma samples were used to quantify cholesterol
      associated with VLDL subfractions (VLDLI+2 and VLDL3), IDL, and 4 LDL
      subfractions (LDL1-4) via the Vertical Auto Profile II method. LDL-C particle
      size was determined using segmented gradient gel electrophoresis. The primary end
      point was median percent change in subfraction cholesterol for E/S versus
      ezetimibe or simvastatin monotherapy, pooled across doses. RESULTS: Of the 1528
      patients randomized in the original study, 1397 (91%) had lipid subfraction
      measurements taken. E/S was associated with significant reductions in VLDL-CI+2,
      VLDL-C3, IDL-C, LDL-C1, LDL-C2, and LDL-C3 versus ezetimibe, simvastatin, and
      placebo. E/S resulted in near-additive reductions in VLDL-CI+2, VLDL-C3, IDL-C,
      LDL-C1, LDL-C2, and LDL-C3 versus ezetimibe and simvastatin monotherapy. Of the
      subfractions examined, with regard to E/S, the greatest reductions were observed
      in IDL-C and LDL-C1, LDL-C2, and LDL-C3. When compared with placebo, ezetimibe,
      simvastatin, and E/S did not shift the distribution of LDL particles toward a
      larger, more buoyant LDL subclass pattern. CONCLUSION: E/S was more effective
      than ezetimibe and simvastatin monotherapy in reducing atherogenic lipoprotein
      subfractions in these patients with primary hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 18158083
TI  - Comparison of clinical cure rates in adults with ventilator-associated pneumonia
      treated with intravenous ceftazidime administered by continuous or intermittent
      infusion: a retrospective, nonrandomized, open-label, historical chart review.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Beta-lactam antibiotics are reported to exhibit time-dependent
      bactericidal activity. However, there are limited data on the clinical efficacy
      of ceftazidime administered by continuous infusion. OBJECTIVE: The objective of
      this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of ceftazidime administered by
      continuous infusion and by intermittent infusion in the treatment of ventilator
      associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by gram-negative bacteria. METHODS: This was a
      retrospective chart review of patients with VAP caused by gram-negative bacteria
      who were treated with initial empiric ceftazidime therapy in the intensive care
      unit (ICU) over a 5-year period (from June 2002 to June 2007). The intermittent
      infusion group received ceftazidime 2 g infused over 30 minutes every 12 hours;
      the continuous-infusion group received a ceftazidime loading dose of 1 g over 30
      minutes, followed by 2 g infused over 720 minutes every 12 hours. Data extracted
      from patients' charts included sex, age, severity of the patient's condition at
      ICU admission (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II]
      score), diagnosis group, weight, creatinine clearance, MIC of the organism
      responsible for VAP, and severity of organ dysfunction at the time VAP was
      suspected (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] score). Each clinical
      history was reviewed by a group of 6 staff intensivists who were blinded to
      whether the patient received ceftazidime by continuous or intermittent infusion.
      The clinical effect of treatment was categorized as cure (complete resolution of
      all clinical signs and symptoms of pneumonia) or failure (persistence or
      progression of any sign or symptom of pneumonia). RESULTS: The final sample
      consisted of 121 patients, of whom 88 (72.7%) were males. The mean (SD) age of
      the population was 62.87 (9.35) years. The mean APACHE II score on admission to
      the ICU was 16.08 (2.17), the SOFA score at suspicion of VAP was 8.80 (2.06), and
      the MIC of the organism responsible for VAP was 2.77 (2.24) microg/mL. There were
      no significant differences in these and other characteristics at baseline between
      those who received ceftazidime by continuous infusion (n = 56) and those who
      received ceftazidime by intermittent infusion (n = 65). On logistic regression
      analysis, continuous infusion was associated with a greater clinical cure rate
      than intermittent infusion (50/56 [89.3%] vs 34/65 [52.3%], respectively; odds
      ratio [OR] = 12.2; 95% CI, 3.47-43.21; P < 0.001). Patients with VAP caused by
      organisms with an MIC of 8 microg/mL had lower cure rates compared with those
      with VAP caused by organisms with an MIC < or =2 microg/mL (OR = 0.2; 95% CI,
      0.04-0.71; P = 0.02) but not compared with those with an MIC of 4 microg/mL. No
      significant interaction was found between the type of ceftazidime infusion and
      the MIC of the causative organism. CONCLUSION: In this small, selected population
      of adult patients with VAP caused by gram-negative bacteria who were treated in a
      nonrandomized, open-label manner, ceftazidime administered by continuous infusion
      had greater clinical efficacy than ceftazidime administered by intermittent
      infusion.

PMID- 18158084
TI  - Community-phenotype-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: a
      retrospective chart review of outcomes after treatment with daptomycin.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Daptomycin, a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic, was approved by the US
      Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in September 2003 for the treatment of
      complicated skin and skin structure infections due to susceptible strains of
      certain gram-positive microorganisms, including methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In May 2006, daptomycin was approved by the FDA for
      treatment of bacteremia and right-sided endocarditis due to MRSA and methicillin
      sensitive S aureus. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the use of
      daptomycin in community-phenotype (CP)-MRSA infections. METHODS: This was a
      retrospective chart review of data from patients enrolled in a postlabeling
      registry who received daptomycin for MRSA infections from January to December
      2005. CP-MRSA was defined as MRSA susceptible to clindamycin and
      trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; all other phenotypes were considered other
      phenotype MRSA (OP-MRSA). Success rates were calculated by dividing success
      (defined as cure plus improved) by success and failure (including non-evaluable
      patients). RESULTS: A database search identified 352 patients (100 patients with
      CP-MRSA [57 men; 43 women]; 252 patients with OP-MRSA [136 men, 116 women]) who
      met study criteria. Most patients (79.2%) received gram-positive antibiotics
      before daptomycin. Compared with OP-MRSA, a greater proportion of patients with
      CP-MRSA were <50 years of age (50.0% vs 35.7%; P = 0.014) and had fewer
      underlying diseases (mean [SD], 1.7 [1.3] vs 2.5 [1.5]; P < 0.001). Success rate,
      time to clinical response, and duration of therapy were similar in both groups.
      CONCLUSION: Daptomycin was found to be equally effective in treating CP-MRSA and
      OP-MRSA infections in this selected group of patients.

PMID- 18158086
TI  - Using indirect comparisons in pharmacoeconomic studies--time for implementation.

PMID- 18158085
TI  - Acute NSAID-related transmural duodenitis and extensive duodenal ulceration.
AB  - BACKGROUND: A 40-year-old previously healthy white man presented to the emergency
      department at American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon, with
      severe upper abdominal pain of 36-hour duration. The pain started a few hours
      after the intake of a single tablet of tiaprofenic acid and became more intense
      after the intake of another tablet 24 hours later. He had no other symptoms. He
      had no prior upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, ulcer disease, steroidal or
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, or ethanol intake. Physical examination
      revealed mild upper abdominal tenderness. Complete blood count, amylase, lipase,
      and liver function tests were unremarkable. Computed tomography of the abdomen
      showed marked thickening of the duodenal wall with surrounding mesenteric
      streaking. Upper GI endoscopy revealed extensive ulceration involving the
      duodenal bulb, apex, and proximal D2, as well as a few gastric erosions.
      Histopathologic examination of duodenal biopsy samples showed extensive
      epithelial cell necrosis and infiltration of the lamina propria with neutrophils
      and eosinophils. The patient responded well to rabeprazole 20 mg BID and remains
      well 5 months later. METHODS: We performed a literature search of PubMed for all
      English-language articles published between January 1970 and present (June 2007)
      using the key words tiaprofenic acid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,
      NSAID, duodenitis, duodenal erosion, duodenal ulcer, gastritis, gastric erosion,
      gastric ulcer, or peptic ulcer. We reviewed all randomized controlled trials
      involving NSAIDs found using PubMed, with a focus on their GI adverse effects.
      RESULTS: Based on the PubMed search, there were no published reports of acute
      transmural duodenitis and complicated duodenal ulcers associated with short-term
      exposure to tiaprofenic acid or other NSAIDs. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction
      (ADR) probability scale was used and a score of 6 was obtained, indicating a
      probable ADR from tiaprofenic acid use. CONCLUSION: We report a patient who
      developed symptomatic severe transmural duodenitis and periduodenal mesenteric
      streaking, consistent with a complicated ulcer, probably associated with very
      short-term exposure to tiaprofenic acid.

PMID- 18158087
TI  - Utilization and costs of medical services and prescription medications for
      rheumatoid arthritis among recipients covered by a state Medicaid program: a
      retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, database analysis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder
      characterized by inflammation of synovial tissues that leads to joint swelling,
      stiffness and pain, and progressive joint destruction. There is currently limited
      information about demographic differences in the prevalence of RA and the
      utilization and costs of RA-related prescription medications and medical services
      among low-income populations. OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the prevalence of
      RA and the utilization and costs of RA-related medical services and prescription
      medications among recipients enrolled in a state Medicaid program. METHODS: A
      retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive analysis of West Virginia (WV)
      Medicaid fee-for-service administrative claims data was conducted. Medical
      services claims for recipients aged between 15 and 64 years with a primary
      diagnosis code for RA during the calendar year 2003 were extracted. Unique
      recipient numbers obtained from these claims were used to extract the
      corresponding prescription claims. Prevalence and health care use rates were
      calculated by demographic categories. Costs were reported from the perspective of
      WV Medicaid. RESULTS: A total of 143,211 recipients aged between 15 and 64 years
      received WV Medicaid benefits. Among these, 1157 recipients (0.81%) had > or = 1
      medical service claim (hospitalization, emergency department visit, or office
      visit) with a primary diagnosis of RA. The mean (SD) age of the sample was 47
      (11.1) years. The highest rates of RA by age, sex, and race occurred among
      recipients aged 45 to 64 years (16.4:1000), females (10.1:1000), and whites
      (8.2:1000). Office visits accounted for the majority of medical services visits
      and costs. Among the sample, 67.8% had > or =1 prescription claim for a narcotic
      analgesic, 58.8% for an NSAID, 48.3% for an oral steroid, 40.1% for a disease
      modifying antirheumatic drug, and 12.4% for a biologic agent. Medicaid paid a
      mean of $2379 per recipient for RA-related health care services. Prescription
      claims accounted for 74.6% of the total cost of RA care. Biologic agents
      accounted for the largest proportion (54.1% ) of prescription costs. CONCLUSIONS:
      The prevalence of RA and rates of health care services utilization for RA among
      recipients of WV Medicaid differed with regard to demographic characteristics.
      Utilization of RA-related prescription medication among recipients varied by
      pharmacotherapy class. This study presents baseline information that might be
      used as a model for future surveillance RA studies using payer administrative
      datasets.

PMID- 18158088
TI  - Adoption of new antiglaucoma drugs in Finland: impact of changes in copayment.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Copayments are common measures intended to control drug expenditures
      and promote rational prescribing. In Finland, new antiglaucoma drugs start with a
      high copayment, but once sufficient clinical experience is available, they are
      reevaluated and can receive a lower copayment status. OBJECTIVE: This study
      assessed the effect of changes in copayment level on the adoption of 2
      antiglaucoma drugs. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed from 1997 to
      2001 using the Finnish national register of reimbursed drug purchases, which
      covers approximately 98% of all antiglaucoma drug purchases in the country. There
      were 172,293 purchases of dorzolamide (plain or combined with timolol) and
      281,377 purchases of latanoprost. An interrupted time-series design from
      approximately 30 months before and 20 months after the change in copayment was
      used in the analysis. The main outcome measures were the numbers of defined daily
      doses (DDDs) purchased and the monthly numbers of patients who purchased the
      study drugs for the first time before and after the change in copayment. RESULTS:
      A substantial increase in consumption of both dorzolamide and latanoprost was
      seen immediately after the introduction of the lower copayment. The monthly
      consumption of dorzolamide was 60,713 DDDs higher and the monthly consumption of
      latanoprost was 49,330 DDDs higher than expected according to the utilization
      trend during the higher copayment period. Twelve months later, the observed
      consumption of dorzolamide was 109% higher and that of latanoprost was 21% higher
      than if the copayment had remained the same. The number of new patients using the
      study drugs peaked within 2 months of the lower copayment, but the amount
      consumed per patient per day remained quite stable. CONCLUSIONS: Decreasing the
      copayment of a new antiglaucoma drug to the same level as the copayments of
      alternative drugs accelerated the adoption of these new products in Finland.

PMID- 18158089
TI  - Principles and practical issues for cryopreservation of nerve cells.
AB  - Nerve cells isolated from the brain have a number of research and clinical
      applications, not the least of which is their transplantation to patients with
      Parkinson's disease. Neural primary and precursor cells of several areas of the
      brain are potential candidates for transplantation and research. However, supply
      of suitable tissue is one of the major problems associated with the widespread
      application of such techniques. The ability to store such tissue for prolonged
      periods would greatly alleviate this problem. Cryopreservation allows indefinite
      storage, provided the storage temperature is sufficiently low. Whilst many of the
      potentially usable cell types have been shown to be capable of surviving
      cryopreservation to some degree, survival post-thaw needs to be considerably
      improved. Cryopreservation techniques applied to date are mostly crude and often
      adopted from those used for unrelated cell types. Studies involving
      cryopreservation of primary neural cells and stem cells are reviewed, the basic
      principles of cryopreservation explained and suggestions made for improvements to
      the low temperature storage of these cells.

PMID- 18158090
TI  - The effects of CRF and the urocortins on [3H]GABA release from the rat amygdala-
      an in vitro superfusion study.
AB  - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is the major neuromodulator of the
      hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, regulating the behavioural, endocrine,
      autonomic and immune responses to stress. Together with the recently discovered
      members of the CRF peptide family, urocortin 1, urocortin 2 and urocortin 3, it
      also has neurotransmitter actions. Previous publication has demonstrated that
      stress induces CRF release in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and
      the release of both CRF and GABA in the amygdala. Accordingly, the aim of the
      present study was to determine the effects of the members of the CRF peptide
      family on GABA release from the amygdala by using an in vitro superfusion system.
      In order to study the participation of different CRF receptors (CRF1 and CRF2) in
      this process, rat amygdalar slices were pretreated with selective CRF1 and CRF2
      antagonists. CRF and urocortin 1 significantly increased the release of
      [(3)H]GABA from the slices following electrical stimulation, whereas urocortin 2
      and urocortin 3 were ineffective. The actions of CRF and urocortin 1 were blocked
      by the selective CRF1 receptor antagonist antalarmin, but were not inhibited by
      the selective CRF2 receptor antagonist astressin 2B, both administered in
      equimolar doses. Our results demonstrate that the release of GABA from the
      amygdala is mediated by CRF and urocortin 1 through the activation of CRF1
      receptors.

PMID- 18158091
TI  - Effect of manipulation of the feet and ankles on postural control in elderly
      adults.
AB  - The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate the effect of a
      therapeutic manipulation of the feet and ankles on postural control during quiet
      standing in elderly adults. Seventeen elderly adults stood barefeet on a force
      platform and were asked to sway as little as possible. Within a trial, vision was
      suppressed by eyes closure. The task was executed in two experimental sessions:
      before and after a therapeutic manipulation of the feet and ankles. Centre of
      feet pressure (COP) displacements along the mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior
      (AP) axes were recorded. For the two experimental sessions, subjects exhibited
      comparable COP displacements when vision was available and were similarly
      affected by the suppression of vision. However, when subjects had to adapt to the
      absence of vision within a 10s temporal frame, postural behaviour became
      different in the two experimental sessions: the sum of the ML and AP COP
      displacements increased within the 10s temporal frame before the therapeutic
      manipulation of the feet and ankles, whereas it remained unchanged after it.
      These results suggested that the therapeutic manipulation of the feet and ankles
      allows the elderly adults to partially compensate for the destabilising effect
      induced by the suppression of vision.

PMID- 18158092
TI  - Effects of feedback on time production errors in aging participants.
AB  - In two experiments, healthy participants ages 60 years and older provided peak
      interval time production data for two target intervals (6 and 17s) over 2 days
      (baseline and retest sessions). In Experiment 1, three groups of participants
      were provided with two types of feedback during the baseline session that
      assisted either decision criteria setting or memory updating. During the retest
      session, run after a 24-h delay, each group received either one of the two types
      of feedback, or no feedback at all. Experiment 2 varied three additional groups'
      feedback during the baseline session only. Results indicated that the duration
      dependent timing errors previously associated with aging did not occur during the
      retest session with the decision-criteria feedback regimen, or during the
      baseline session even in the complete absence of feedback. Thus, testing
      following the delay and without decision-criteria feedback are the necessary and
      sufficient conditions for the expression the timing errors in aging. The efficacy
      of memory updating feedback could not be established. The discussion contrasts
      these results with the conditions that produce abnormal timing in Parkinson's
      disease patients in a similar procedure.

PMID- 18158093
TI  - Long-lasting descending and transitory short-term spinal controls on deep spinal
      dorsal horn nociceptive-specific neurons in response to persistent nociception.
AB  - Under intact and spinalized conditions, we compared the responses of deep spinal
      dorsal horn (DH) nociceptive-specific (NS) and wide-dynamic range (WDR) neurons
      to subcutaneous bee venom (BV, 0.2 mg/50 microl)-induced persistent nociception.
      In contrast to the monophasic, long-lasting (34-81 min) WDR neuron responses in
      both intact and spinalized conditions, BV in NS neurons elicited short-term (<10
      min) firing in intact, and long-term (>1 h) biphasic firing in spinalized rats.
      The BV-induced long-term biphasic NS neuron activities in spinalized condition
      consisted of a first, early phase (4-13 min) of firing occurred immediately after
      the BV injection, and a second phase of tonic firing that lasted for 28-74 min.
      The two phases were separated by a period that lasted 4-11 min during which there
      was very little neuronal activity. The data suggest that in the presence of
      peripheral nociception, a transitory (about 5-13 min) spinal segmental inhibitory
      control and a long-lasting descending inhibitory control govern deep spinal NS
      neuron but not WDR neuron activity. Previous reports assessing spinally organized
      motor activities showed a spinal WDR neuron well-controlled monophasic long
      lasting withdrawal reflex in response to BV injection in both intact and
      spinalized conditions. In contrast, the current data suggest that unlike spinal
      WDR neurons, deep spinal DH NS neurons do not modulate spinal motor output during
      the persistent nociception. Using the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist, L
      703,606 we further found that only early (within 15 min) treatment with L-703,606
      produced a significant inhibition of the enhanced mechanically evoked NS neuron
      responses in BV-induced nociception, suggesting a dynamic function of NK-1
      receptor involvement for deep spinal NS neuron mediated central sensitisation. We
      conclude that deep spinal DH NS neurons are strictly governed by tonic inhibitory
      descending controls. As this descending inhibitory control either is absent or
      decays, deep spinal NS neurons may play a crucial role in the development of
      central sensitisation in pathological nociception, for instance in spinal cord
      injury-induced pathological pain.

PMID- 18158094
TI  - The early scaffold of axon tracts in the brain of a primitive vertebrate, the sea
      lamprey.
AB  - The development of the early axonal scaffold formed by early-differentiating
      neurons was studied in a primitive vertebrate (the sea lamprey), by
      immunohistochemistry against acetylated alpha-tubulin and a cell surface marker
      (HNK-1 antibodies), to determine the degree of conservation of this process in
      vertebrate evolution. The medial and dorsolateral longitudinal fascicles were the
      first longitudinal axonal bundles observed to develop in the neural tube,
      followed by the tract of the postoptic commissure and the supraoptic tract.
      Establishment of the first dorso-ventral tracts occurs after the appearance of
      the tract of the postoptic commissure and the medial longitudinal fascicle, the
      basal plate longitudinal axonal system. The dorsolateral longitudinal fascicle
      appears to be equivalent to the "descending tract" of the mesencephalic nucleus
      of the trigeminal nerve of mouse and birds; the possible homologies between other
      early scaffold tracts of the sea lamprey and those of other vertebrates are also
      discussed. In addition, present results suggest the presence of highly conserved
      brain regions that would allow for early neuronal differentiation and axonal
      pathfinding in vertebrates, which were probably defined before the divergence of
      Agnathans and Gnathostomes.

PMID- 18158095
TI  - Effects of photoperiod regimen on emotional behaviour in two tests for anxiolytic
      activity in Wistar rat.
AB  - Seasonal changes are often gone with mood and behaviour changes which are
      probably linked to change in day length or photoperiod. The experiments developed
      in this work are based on the hypothesis that changes in photoperiod affect
      emotionality in rats. To check this hypothesis, female rats were exposed to four
      different photoperiods (LP: 16L/8D; MP: 12L/12D; SP: 8L/16D; SP-F: 8L/16D with a
      light pulse in midpoint of the dark phase). Eight or 14 weeks later, rats were
      subjected to two behavioural tests to quantify anxiety level. Independently of
      duration, rats exposed to SP exhibited higher levels of anxious-like behaviour
      than rats raised in LP and SP-F, in an open field test (OFT) and in elevated plus
      maze (EPM). Significant differences in EPM are obtained only after 14 weeks of
      treatment. Moreover rats treated more long time showed greater suprarenal gland
      mass. Compared to all other groups, females exposed to SP had greater suprarenal
      gland. Our results indicate that changes in day length are associated with
      different levels of anxious-like behaviours consistent with the conjecture that
      short days may have an anxiogenic effect in female rats.

PMID- 18158096
TI  - Ontogenesis of brain aromatase P450 expression in the bovine hypothalamus.
AB  - Aromatase P450 (P450(AROM)), converting testosterone (T) into estradiol (E),
      plays an important role in sexual differentiation of neural structures in the
      developing mammalian brain. The aim of the present study was to characterize the
      qualitative and quantitative profile of P450(AROM) mRNA expression in the bovine
      hypothalamus (the region of the central nervous system in which the enzyme is
      mainly localized) using RT-PCR and quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis,
      respectively. P450(AROM) expression was examined in the developing hypothalamus
      in a series of experimental groups investigated at 10 weeks interval one from the
      other. Our data indicate that in the bovine fetal hypothalamus P450(AROM)
      expression peaks at the second quarter of gestation. The presence of neural cells
      containing P450(AROM) in the bovine fetal hypothalamus was confirmed by
      immunohistochemistry, and localized in the medial preoptic area. We conclude that
      second quarter of the gestation is the developmental stage which represents a
      critical period for hypothalamic differentiation in bovine ontogenesis, an
      important difference with the rat and mouse, short gestation species in which
      P450(AROM) activity peaks around delivery.

PMID- 18158097
TI  - Body movements during night sleep and their relationship with sleep stages are
      further modified in very old subjects.
AB  - The night sleep of 12 healthy subjects aged 76-98 was polygraphically
      investigated in order to analyse body movements and their association with sleep
      stages at very old age; this group was compared with 11 healthy old subjects aged
      61-75 years. In very old subjects sleep is less punctuated by body movements and
      the association of body movements with each sleep stage is further modified
      compared to less old subjects. Short-lasting movements emerge indifferently from
      stage 1, stage 2 and REM sleep, but are significantly less frequent in SWS.
      Furthermore, in very old subjects the probability of awakening after body
      movements is higher than in old subjects, suggesting that sleep is more
      vulnerable to the occurrence of body movements than at previous ages. The
      difficulty in the elderly to maintain a stable state expresses the inability to
      sustain and coordinate stable physiological activities characteristic of the old
      age. In addition, the presence of numerous awakenings, not preceded by movements,
      supports the hypothesis that the awakening in the very old people may be a sudden
      event, as should be confirmed by the study of other behavioural and physiological
      activities preceding awakening.

PMID- 18158098
TI  - Altered dopamine D2 receptor function and binding in obese OLETF rat.
AB  - A decrease in D2-like receptor (D2R) binding in the striatum has been reported in
      obese individuals and drug addicts. Although natural and drug rewards share
      neural substrates, it is not clear whether such effects also contribute to
      overeating on palatable meals as an antecedent of dietary obesity. Therefore, we
      investigated receptor density and the effect of the D2R agonist quinpirole (0.05,
      0.5 mg/kg, S.C.) on locomotor activity and sucrose intake in a rat model of diet
      induced obesity, the CCK-1 receptor-deficient Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty
      (OLETF) rat. Compared to age-matched lean controls (LETO), OLETF rats expressed
      significantly lower [125I]-iodosulpride binding in the accumbens shell (-16%,
      p<0.02). Whereas the high dose of quinpirole increased motor activity in both
      strains equally, the low dose reduced activity more in OLETF. Both doses
      significantly reduced sucrose intake in OLETF but not LETO rats. These findings
      demonstrate an altered D2R signaling in obese OLETF rats similar to drug-induced
      sensitization and suggest a link between this effect and avidity for sucrose in
      this model.

PMID- 18158099
TI  - Myocardial ischemic nociceptive signaling mediated by P2X3 receptor in rat
      stellate ganglion neurons.
AB  - Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is implicated in peripheral pain signaling
      through activation of P2X receptors. P2X(3) receptors have a high level of
      expression in, and selective location on sensory afferents. P2X receptors,
      particularly the P2X(3) subtype, are identified as targets for novel analgesics.
      The stellate ganglion (SG) is peripheral sympathetic ganglia involved in heart
      function. Surgical interventions of sympathetic afferent pathways abolish or
      relieve angina pectoris, so it is showed that cardiac pain is mediated by the
      activation of afferents in sympathetic nerves. The cervicothoracic sympathetic
      ganglia, including the stellate ganglion, are implicated in sensations associated
      with myocardial ischemia or cardiac pain. In the present study we have examined
      P2X(3) involvement in cardiac nociceptive transmission. P2X receptor agonists
      activated currents (I(ATP)) in SG neurons. The I(ATP) amplitude and P2X(3) mRNA
      expression in myocardial ischemic injury group were much larger than those
      obtained in control group. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and substance P (SP)
      increased ATP-activated currents. P2X(3) receptor antagonist A-317491 reduced P2X
      agonist activated currents and P2X(3) mRNA expression. The results revealed that
      the myocardial ischemia induced the upregulation of P2X(3) receptor in function
      and morphous and P2X(3) receptor antagonist A-317491 inhibited P2X agonist
      activated currents and P2X(3) mRNA expression. The facts indicated that P2X(3)
      receptor in SG neurons was involved in cardiac nociceptive transmission.

PMID- 18158100
TI  - Evidence for suppression of electroacupuncture on spinal glial activation and
      behavioral hypersensitivity in a rat model of monoarthritis.
AB  - Our previous study demonstrated that single intrathecal (i.t.) application of
      fluorocitrate, a glial metabolic inhibitor, synergized electroacupuncture (EA)
      antagonizing behavioral hypersensitivity in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)
      induced monoarthritic rat. To further investigate the relationship between spinal
      glial activation and EA analgesia, the present study examined the effects of
      multiple EA on spinal glial activation evoked by monoarthritis (MA). The results
      showed that (1) unilateral intra-articular injection of CFA produced a robust
      glial activation on the spinal cord, which was associated with the development
      and maintenance of behavioral hypersensitivity; (2) multiple EA stimulation of
      ipsilateral "Huantiao" (GB30) and "Yanglingquan" (GB34) acupoints or i.t.
      injection of fluorocitrate (1 nmol) significantly suppressed spinal glial
      activation; (3) inhibitory effects of EA on spinal glial activation and
      behavioral hypersensitivity were significantly enhanced when EA combined with
      fluorocitrate, indicating that disruption of glial function may potentiate EA
      analgesia in inflammatory pain states. These data suggested that analgesic
      effects of EA might be associated with its counter-regulation to spinal glial
      activation, and thereby provide a potential strategy for the treatment of
      arthritis.

PMID- 18158101
TI  - Sea urchin embryonic development provides a model for evaluating therapies
      against beta-amyloid toxicity.
AB  - Accumulation of beta-amyloid protein is an Alzheimer's disease hallmark but also
      may be mechanistically involved in neurodegeneration. One of its cleavage
      peptides, Abeta42, has been used to evaluate the mechanisms underlying amyloid
      induced cytotoxicity and targeting of acetylcholine systems. We studied
      Sphaerechinus granularis sea urchin embryos which utilize acetylcholine and other
      neurotransmitters as morphogens. At a threshold concentration of 0.1 microM
      Abeta42, there was damage to the larval skeleton, accumulation of ectodermal
      cells in the blastocoele and underdevelopment of larval arms. Raising the Abeta42
      concentration to 0.2-0.4 microM produced anomalies depending on the stage at
      which Abeta42 was introduced: at the first cleavage divisions, abnormalities
      appeared within 1-2 cell cycles; at the mid-blastula stage, the peak period of
      sensitivity to Abeta42, gastrulation was blocked; at later stages, there was
      progressive damage to the larval skeleton, digestive tract and larval spicules,
      as well as regression of larval arms. Each of these anomalies could be offset by
      the addition of lipid-permeable analogs of acetylcholine (arachidonoyl
      dimethylaminoethanol), serotonin (arachidonoyl serotonin) and cannabinoids
      (arachidonoyl vanillylamine), with the greatest activity exhibited by the
      acetylcholine analog. These results indicate that sea urchin embryos provide a
      model suitable to characterize the mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity of
      Abeta42, as well as providing a system that enables the rapid screening of
      potential therapeutic interventions. The protection provided by neurotransmitter
      analogs, especially that for acetylcholine, points to unsuspected advantages of
      existing therapies that enhance cholinergic function, as well as indicating novel
      approaches that may prove protective in Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 18158102
TI  - Angiotensin II induces proliferation of cultured rat astrocytes through c-Jun N
      terminal kinase.
AB  - Previously we showed that tyrosine kinases and ERK1/2 mediate angiotensin II (Ang
      II)-induced cellular proliferation in astrocytes. In the current study, we
      investigated whether Ang II activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and
      determined if JNK mediates Ang II-induced astrocyte growth in cultured brainstem
      astrocytes. Ang II activated JNK in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.
      Maximal stimulation of 14-fold over basal occurred with 100 nM Ang II and was
      significantly apparent 5 min after treatment. Ang II-induced JNK phosphorylation
      was abolished by co-treatment with the AT(1) receptor antagonist, losartan, but
      not by PD123319 (an AT(2) receptor antagonist). The JNK inhibitor, SP600125 (10
      microM), markedly inhibited Ang II-induced JNK phosphorylation (by 84%) and
      astrocyte proliferation (by over 90%). Pretreatment of astrocytes with 10 microM
      PP2 (Src inhibitor) inhibited Ang II stimulation of JNK (by 90%) whereas, the
      protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, Go6976, failed to inhibit Ang II-mediated JNK
      phosphorylation. In conclusion, we showed for the first time that JNK mediates
      Ang II-specific astrocyte proliferation. In addition, Ang II activation of the
      JNK pathway is mediated by Src and not through PKC activation. This study is the
      first to show that JNK mediates Ang II effects in astrocytes and may provide a
      better understanding of the functions of Ang II in astrocytes from brainstem in
      particular and of glial cells in general.

PMID- 18158103
TI  - Cortical and brainstem LTP-like plasticity in Huntington's disease.
AB  - Recent studies have reported abnormalities in short-term plasticity in patients
      with Huntington's disease (HD). However, is not known whether long-term
      potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity is also affected in these patients. We tested
      cortical and brainstem LTP-like plasticity in eight symptomatic HD patients and
      in 10 healthy age-matched controls. To probe motor cortex LTP-like plasticity we
      used paired associative stimulation (PAS), a technique that combines repetitive
      electric stimulation of the median nerve with subsequent transcranial magnetic
      stimulation (TMS) of the contralateral motor cortex at 25 ms. To investigate
      brainstem plasticity, we induced LTP-like phenomena in the trigeminal wide
      dynamic range neurons (WDR) of the blink reflex circuit by pairing an high
      frequency train of electrical stimuli (HFS) over the right supraorbital nerve
      (SO) coincident with the R2 response elicited by a preceding SO stimulus. Our
      results demonstrate impairment of both cortical and brainstem LTP-like plasticity
      in symptomatic HD patients which is similar to LTP deficits previously reported
      in HD animal models. These findings might well represent the neurophysiological
      correlates of memory deficits often present in HD.

PMID- 18158104
TI  - Visual cortical potentials of the mouse evoked by electrical stimulation of the
      retina.
AB  - An electrical evoked potential (EEP) of the visual system is a summed electrical
      record of the visual cortex in response to electrical stimulation of the retina.
      It is the primary method in the assessment of a visual prosthesis which targets
      at restoring vision to individuals with disease of the outer retina. However
      despite marked enthusiasm in the fabrication of such devices, little is known
      about the feasibility of such devices with the visually deprived brain. Recent
      research in visual plasticity has demonstrated that the adult brain retains
      marked plasticity following visual deafferentation. The deprived visual cortex
      may be recruited to process other sensory modality in a cross-modal manner, thus
      vitiating its capacity to process restored visual input. In this regard, the
      mouse benefited with a wealth of mutant models and transgenic technology may help
      to unravel many of the underlying mechanisms of neuroplasticity and provide novel
      avenues to manipulate such changes. Nevertheless, the feasibility of recording
      EEP in the mouse has not been established to date. In this study we successfully
      established a noninvasive technique for stimulation and recording mouse EEP. The
      approach provides a tool for not only investigating the plastic changes in visual
      processing following deafferentation but also longitudinal and live data
      collection for in vivo evaluation of a prosthetic device.

PMID- 18158105
TI  - Decreased proportion of GABA neurons accompanies age-related degradation of
      neuronal function in cat striate cortex.
AB  - Electrophysiological studies indicate that a decline of GABAergic inhibition in
      the visual cortex may underlie age-related degradation of visual function [A.G.
      Leventhal, Y. Wang, M. Pu, Y. Zhou, Y. Ma, GABA and its agonists improved visual
      cortical function in senescent monkeys, Science 300 (2003) 812-815; M.T.
      Schmolesky, Y. Wang, M. Pu, A.G. Leventhal, Degradation of stimulus selectivity
      of visual cortical cells in senescent rhesus monkeys, Nat. Neurosci. 3 (2000) 384
      390]. To date, there is little direct evidence to support this hypothesis. Using
      Nissl staining and immunohistochemical techniques, we quantitatively compared the
      density of total neurons (Nissl-stained neurons) and GABA-immunoreactive neurons
      as well as the proportion of GABA-immunoreactive neurons to total neurons in the
      primary visual cortex between 4 young adult (1-3 year old) cats and 4 old (12
      year old) cats, which had been previously examined in a single-unit recording
      study [T. Hua, X. Li, L. He, Y. Zhou, Y. Wang, A.G. Leventhal, Functional
      degradation of visual cortical cells in old cats, Neurobiol. Aging 27 (2006) 155
      162]. In that study, we found the function of V(1) (area 17) neurons in the old
      cats was significantly degraded relative to young adult cats. Our present results
      indicate that the density of total neurons in each cortical layer of V(1) exhibit
      no significant difference in the two age groups of cats. However, the density of
      GABA-immunoreactive neurons in old cats is significantly lower than in young
      adults. Further, the ratio of GABA-immunoreactive neurons to total neurons in
      each layer of V(1) in old cats is also significantly decreased when compared to
      young adult cats. These results provide direct morphological evidence of
      decreased GABAergic inhibition in the striate visual cortex of old animals, which
      accompany the functional degradation of visual cortical neurons.

PMID- 18158106
TI  - Anticonvulsant property of Sutherlandia frutescens R. BR. (variety Incana E.
      MEY.) [Fabaceae] shoot aqueous extract.
AB  - Aerial parts of Sutherlandia frutescens R. BR. [family: Fabaceae] are extensively
      used in South African traditional medicines for the treatment, management and/or
      control of an array of human ailments, including childhood convulsions and
      epilepsy. In this study, we examined the anticonvulsant property of the plant's
      shoot aqueous extract (SFE, 25-400 mg/kg i.p.) against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-,
      picrotoxin (PCT)- and bicuculline (BCL)-induced seizures in mice. Phenobarbitone
      and diazepam were used as reference anticonvulsant drugs for comparison. Like the
      reference antiseizure drugs used, S. frurescens shoot aqueous extract (SFE, 50
      400 mg/kg i.p.) significantly delayed (p<0.05-0.001) the onset of, and
      antagonized, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. The plant's shoot aqueous
      extract (SFE, 50-400 mg/kg i.p.) also profoundly antagonized picrotoxin (PCT)
      induced seizures, but only weakly antagonized bicuculline (BCL)-induced seizures.
      Although the data obtained in the present study do not provide conclusive
      evidence, it appears that S. frurescens shoot aqueous extract (SFE) produces its
      antiseizure effect directly by acting like GABA, or indirectly by enhancing
      GABAergic neurotransmission and/or action in the brain. The results of this
      laboratory animal study suggest that the herb may be used as a natural
      supplementary remedy in the management, control and/or treatment of childhood
      convulsions and epilepsy. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that
      S. frurescens shoot aqueous extract possesses anticonvulsant activity, and thus
      lend pharmacological credence to the suggested folkloric, ethnomedical uses of
      the herb in the management or treatment of childhood convulsions and epilepsy in
      some rural communities of South Africa.

PMID- 18158107
TI  - Ultrastructural study of the pituicytes in the pituitary gland of the teleost
      Diplodus sargus.
AB  - An electron microscopic study was performed on the pituitary gland of the
      Mediterranean teleost fish Diplodus sargus to analyse the morphological
      characteristics of the pituicytes. In this class of vertebrates, the pituicytes
      have, like other astroglial cells, a trophic and support function, but they may
      also play an active role in the release of neurohormones. Most of the pituicytes
      were of the Dark type. Their shape appeared irregular with long, thin processes
      protruding from the cellular body. The pituicytes protruded from the
      neurohypophysis as far as the adenohypophysis. Their cellular bodies were mainly
      located in the posterior neurohypophysis. In the adenohypophysis, pituicytic
      processes were intermingled with cells of the pars intermedia and pars distalis,
      though being more numerous in the former. These processes sometimes surrounded
      the whole adenohypophyseal cell. This provides further evidence for the possible
      role of the pituicytes in controlling the release of the pituitary hormones given
      that, in teleost fishes, there is no distinct portal system or true median
      eminence.

PMID- 18158108
TI  - Paracrine-like excitation of low-threshold mechanoceptive C-fibers innervating
      rat hairy skin is mediated by substance P via NK-1 receptors.
AB  - We reported previously that C-fibers innervating rat skin can be excited by short
      trains of electrical shocks ('tetanus') applied to neighboring nerves. Since
      these nerves were disconnected from the CNS, the cross-talk is located
      peripherally. Here we tested if low-threshold mechanoceptive (LTM) C-fibers can
      be excited by this cross-talk and if this process is mediated by substance P (SP)
      via neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptors. In urethane anesthetized rats we found that
      80% (56/71) of LTM C-fibers, recorded in the lateral cutaneous branch of the
      dorsal ramus (CBDR) of T10 spinal nerve, were excited by a 10s, 20 Hz tetanus of
      the T9 CBDR. Compared to the spontaneous pre-tetanic firing frequency of 1.62+/
      0.40 impulses/30s, the frequency significantly increased to 3.74+/-0.99, 3.17+/
      0.69 and 2.92+/-0.63 impulses/30s, at 30, 60 and 90 s after the tetanus,
      respectively, and declined to the baseline frequency thereafter. When injected
      into their receptive fields, SP mimicked the tetanically induced increase of
      firing rate, whereas the NK-1 receptor antagonist WIN 51708 blocked the
      excitation in most fibers. The excitation was significantly diminished in adult
      rats that were neonatally treated with capsaicin, a treatment that destroys most
      SP-expressing afferent fibers. Thus, we conclude that peptidergic primary
      afferents are functionally linked with adjacent LTM C-fibers in a non-synaptic,
      paracrine-like signaling pathway via SP and NK-1 receptors, and perhaps also
      other agents as well. We propose that this cross-talk has evolved as a mechanism
      regulating the mechanoceptive characteristics of LTM C-fibers, presumably
      contributing to pain sensation elicited by tactile stimuli ('allodynia').

PMID- 18158109
TI  - Time-lapse analysis of aggregate formation in an inducible PC12 cell model of
      Huntington's disease reveals time-dependent aggregate formation that transiently
      delays cell death.
AB  - Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by a
      CAG repeat expansion in the coding region of the HD gene. The translated
      polyglutamine expansion causes the formation of insoluble aggregates in the
      brains of HD patients and transgenic mouse models. However, the relationship
      between aggregate formation and neuropathology remains unknown. We used
      fluorescent protein tagging and live-cell time-lapse microscopy to study visible
      aggregate formation and its relationship to cell death in transgenic PC12 cells.
      We used cell lines expressing a fragment of huntingtin exon 1 with either 23
      (wild type) or 74 (mutant) glutamines fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein
      under the control of an inducible promoter. Live cells were observed in real time
      after transgene induction for up to 96 h. We found that aggregate formation was
      time-dependent and predominantly nuclear in these cells. We followed inclusion
      formation in individual cells, examining the cells every 10 min for up to 48 h.
      This revealed new details of inclusion formation. Initial aggregate formation was
      rapid (often <1 h), but many (18->48) h were needed to establish a final
      aggregate phenotype. Aggregates formed in a dynamic manner and were in constant
      motion within cell nuclei throughout their maturation. The formation of large
      aggregates occurred more frequently in cells that survived longer. However,
      aggregate size was not a good predictor of cell death, since cells could die with
      either large (>2 microm), small (<0.5 microm) or no visible aggregates. Cells
      that formed large aggregates survived longer than cells that formed small
      aggregates or no aggregates at all. However, the time taken for a cell to die
      decreased as a function of increasing size of final aggregate formed. Further,
      cells that formed aggregates earlier tended to die earlier. Together our data are
      compatible with a toxic role for aggregates/aggregation and support the 'toxic
      precursor' hypothesis. However, they also suggest that at some stages, the
      process of aggregate formation is cytoprotective.

PMID- 18158110
TI  - Inflammatory system gene polymorphism and the risk of stroke: a case-control
      study in an Indian population.
AB  - Sequence variations in genes involved in inflammation system are known to
      contribute to the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including stroke. In this
      study, we performed a genetic association study on the single nucleotide
      polymorphisms (SNPs) present in the genes CD14 (-159 C/T), TNFalpha (-308 G/A),
      IL-1alpha (-889 C/T), IL-6 (-174 G/C), PSMA6 (-8 C/G), and PDE4D (SNP83 T/C,
      respectively) in order to discern their possible role in the susceptibility to
      stroke in a North Indian population. These SNPs were previously found to be
      associated with CVD through their contribution to inflammation. A case-control
      design was used to examine 176 stroke patients (112 ischemic and 64 hemorrhagic
      stroke patients) and 212 unrelated healthy control individuals. After adjustment
      for the confounding risk factors, the IL-1alpha -889 T allele carriers (TT+CT)
      were found to be strongly associated with both forms of stroke (OR=2.56; 95%
      CI=1.53-4.29; P=0.0004). The CC genotype of PDE4D was found to be associated only
      with ischemic stroke (OR=2.02; 95% CI=1.08-3.76; P=0.03). None of the variants
      tested for the CD14, TNFalpha, IL-6, and PSMA6 genes found to confer risk for
      stroke in the study population. In conclusion, the -889 C/T and SNP83 T/C SNPs of
      the IL-1alpha and PDE4D genes, respectively, appear to be genetic risk factors
      for stroke in our study population.

PMID- 18158112
TI  - Contradictory effects of GABA-B receptor agonists on cortical epileptic
      afterdischarges in immature rats.
AB  - Classical GABA-B receptor agonist baclofen exhibits anticonvulsant as well as
      proconvulsant effects and these effects change during postnatal development.
      Epileptic afterdischarges (ADs) elicited by stimulation of sensorimotor cortex
      were used to analyze if it is a specific feature of baclofen or if another
      agonist SKF97541 possesses the same properties. To study developmental point of
      view 12-, 18- and 25-day-old rats were used. Both agonists exhibited
      anticonvulsant (decreased intensity of motor phenomena) and proconvulsant
      (decreased threshold intensities necessary for transition of epileptic activity
      into limbic structures; prolongation of ADs) action and these actions changed
      with age. SKF97541 is much more potent than baclofen. In addition to similarities
      marked differences between the two drugs were found. SKF97541 was able to
      increase threshold intensities of stimulation current necessary for elicitation
      of movements directly bound to stimulation, spike-and-wave type of ADs and
      accompanying clonic seizures in 12- and 18-day-old rats, baclofen was without
      effect. Suppression of intensity of both motor phenomena (movements and clonic
      seizures) was marked with SKF97541 in 12- and 18-day-old rats; this effect was
      only marginal in baclofen-treated animals. We can speculate that different
      subsets of GABA-B receptors are influenced by the two agonists but further
      studies are necessary.

PMID- 18158111
TI  - Developmental diazinon neurotoxicity in rats: later effects on emotional
      response.
AB  - Developmental exposure to the organophosphorus pesticides chlorpyrifos and
      diazinon (DZN) alters serotonergic synaptic function at doses below the threshold
      for cholinesterase inhibition, however there are some indications that the two
      agents may differ in several important attributes. Previously, we found that low
      dose chlorpyrifos exposure in neonatal rats causes lasting changes in emotional
      response and in the current study we did a comparable evaluation for DZN. Male
      and female Sprague-Dawley rat pups (N=10-12 of each sex per treatment group) were
      given 0, 0.5 or 2 mg/(kg day) of DZN s.c. daily on postnatal days (PND) 1-4.
      These doses bracket the threshold for barely-detectable cholinesterase
      inhibition. Starting on PND 52, these rats began a battery of tests to assess
      emotional reactivity. In the elevated plus maze, there was a slight decrease in
      the time spent in the open arms for DZN-exposed males, while DZN-exposed females
      were not different from control females. In the novelty-suppressed feeding test,
      DZN-exposed males had significantly shorter latencies to begin eating than did
      control males, reducing the values to those normally seen in females. DZN-exposed
      rats of either sex showed reduced preference for chocolate milk in the anhedonia
      test that compared the consumption of chocolate milk to water. These findings
      show that neonatal exposures to DZN at a dose range below the threshold for
      cholinesterase inhibition nevertheless evokes specific, later alterations in
      emotional behaviors, particularly in males. The effects show not only some
      similarities to those of chlorpyrifos but also some differences, in keeping with
      neurochemical findings comparing the two agents.

PMID- 18158113
TI  - Voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.1, Nav1.3 and beta1 subunit were up-regulated
      in the hippocampus of spontaneously epileptic rat.
AB  - The spontaneously epileptic rat (SER), a double mutant (zi/zi, tm/tm), exhibits
      both tonic convulsions and absence-like seizures from the age of 8 weeks. Since
      the first point mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) beta(1)
      subunit in human generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) was
      identified, more and more types of genetic epilepsy have been causally suggested
      to be related to gene changes in VGSC. However, there are no reports that can
      elucidate the effects of VGSC in SER. The present study was undertaken to detect
      sodium channel I alpha-isoform (Na(v)1.1), sodium channel III alpha-isoform
      (Na(v)1.3) and beta(1) subunit from both the level of mRNA and protein in SERs
      hippocampus compared with control Wistar rats. In this study, the mRNA
      expressions of Na(v)1.1, Na(v)1.3 and beta(1) subunit in SERs hippocampus were
      significantly higher than those in control rats hippocampus by real-time RT-PCR;
      The protein distributions and expressions of Na(v)1.1, Na(v)1.3 and beta(1)
      subunit in SERs hippocampus were detected by immunofluorescence,
      immunohistochemistry and western blot, and the protein expressions of Na(v)1.1,
      Na(v)1.3 and beta(1) subunit were significantly increased. In conclusion, our
      study suggested for the first time that sodium channel Na(v)1.1, Na(v)1.3 and
      beta(1) subunit up-regulation at the mRNA and protein levels of SER hippocampus
      might contribute to the generation of epileptiform activity and underlie the
      observed seizure phenotype in SER. The results of this study may be of value in
      revealing components of the molecular mechanisms of hippocampal excitation that
      are related to genetic epilepsy.

PMID- 18158114
TI  - Studies on naive CD4+CD25+T cells inhibition of naive CD4+CD25- T cells in mixed
      lymphocyte cultures.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Naive CD4+CD25+T cells suppress immune responses in a non-antigen
      specific manner. The effects of naive CD4+CD25+T cells in suppressing alloimmune
      responses as assayed in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) is poorly understood.
      METHOD: The alloreactivity of naive CD4+CD25+, CD4+CD25(-) and unfractionated
      CD4+T cells from DA rats was compared in MLC with MHC incompatible stimulator
      cells. The response of Lewis and PVG cells to semi-allogeneic (LewisxPVG)F1 cells
      and fully allogeneic stimulators were compared. Potential mechanisms of
      suppression were examined by blocking T cell cytokines, produced by activated
      CD4+CD25+T cells. RESULTS: Proliferation of CD4+CD25(-)T cells was significantly
      greater than unfractionated CD4+T cells to both allogeneic and syngeneic
      stimulator cells. CD4+CD25+T cells had no response to syngeneic stimulators and
      very low proliferative responses to alloantigen due to the Foxp3(-) cells.
      Admixing CD4+CD25+T cells with CD4+CD25(-)T cells at a ratio of 1:10 reduced the
      proliferation to that of unfractionated CD4+ T cells. At a ratio of 1:1
      proliferation was nearly totally suppressed, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA induction
      was reduced but IFN-gamma, IL-10, TGF-beta and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) mRNA
      induction was spared. The inhibition by CD4+CD25+ T cells was not due to their
      consumption of IL-2 nor to anti-CD25mAb that had been used to enrich the cells
      being releases and blocking the IL-2 receptor on CD4+CD25(-)T cells that had been
      activated by alloantigen and induced to express CD25. Blocking IFN-gamma, IL-10,
      TGF-beta, IL-5 or iNOS did not prevent CD4+CD25+T cell's inhibition of CD4+CD25(
      )T cell proliferation. Blocking IFN-gamma or iNOS enhanced CD4+CD25(-)T cell
      proliferation only in the absence of CD4+CD25+T cells. Depletion of CD4+CD25+T
      cells enhanced responses to syngeneic stimulator cells, but this anti-self
      suppression did not regulate the response to alloantigen on semi-allogeneic
      stimulators. CONCLUSIONS: Two independent mechanisms that control proliferation
      of CD4+CD25(-)T cells in MLC were identified that naive CD4+CD25+T cells mediated
      by cell to cell contact and not release of cytokines produced in the cultures,
      and that CD4+CD25(-)T cells producing IFN-gamma to induce iNOS.

PMID- 18158115
TI  - Survival of skin allografts is prolonged in mice with a dominant-negative H-Ras.
AB  - Ras is a guanine nucleotide-binding protein that plays a major role in regulating
      the proliferation of T cells. To investigate the mechanism of the Ras/mitogen
      activated protein kinase pathway, one of the downstream signal-transduction
      pathways of T-cell receptors, in the response to alloantigen, we performed full
      thickness skin grafting in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
      incompatible strain BALB/c (H-2Kd) (donor) and T-cell-specific H-Ras dominant
      negative (dnRas) transgenic (tg) C57BL/6 (H-2Kb) (recipient) male mice. In vitro
      and in vivo dnRas tg mouse T-cell proliferation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)
      activity assay were also performed. The median graft survival time in control
      B6/wild type (wt) mouse allografts was seven days. Conversely, the dnRas tg mouse
      group exhibited a significant (p<0.01) prolongation of graft survival to 15 days.
      However, all grafts were eventually rejected after one month. Mixed lymphocyte
      reaction and popliteal lymph node assay revealed that T-cell proliferation was
      decreased in response to alloantigen, but CTL activity was not changed in the
      dnRas tg mice. These results suggested that Ras is essential for peripheral T
      lymphocytes to respond to allo-MHC antigens, and Ras may be a molecular target
      for controlling transplant rejection.

PMID- 18158116
TI  - Rapamycin-conditioned, alloantigen-pulsed dendritic cells promote indefinite
      survival of vascularized skin allografts in association with T regulatory cell
      expansion.
AB  - Clinically-applicable protocols that promote tolerance to vascularized skin
      grafts may contribute to more widespread use of composite tissue transplantation.
      We compared the properties of alloantigen (Ag)-pulsed, rapamycin (Rapa)
      conditioned and control bone marrow-derived host myeloid dendritic cells (DCs)
      and their potential, together with transient immunosuppression (anti-lymphocyte
      serum+cyclosporine), to promote long-term, vascularized skin graft survival in
      Lewis rats across a full MHC barrier. Both types of DCs expressed low levels of
      CD86, but Rapa DC expressed lower levels of MHC II and CD40 and were less
      stimulatory in MLR. While both Rapa and control DCs produced low levels of IL
      12p70 and moderate levels of IL-6 and IL-10 following TLR ligation, Rapa DC
      secreted significantly lower levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in response to LPS. Donor
      Ag-pulsed Rapa DC, but not control DC, induced long-term skin graft survival
      (median survival time >133 days) when administered 7 and 14 days post-transplant.
      Circulating T cells in hosts with long-surviving grafts were hyporesponsive to
      donor alloAg stimulation, but proliferated in response to third-party stimulation
      and produced IFN-gamma and IL-10. When recipients of long-surviving grafts were
      challenged with skin grafts, donor but not third-party grafts were prolonged,
      suggesting underlying regulatory mechanisms. Both flow cytometry and
      immunohistochemical analysis revealed that donor Ag-pulsed Rapa DC infusion
      expanded CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg in recipients' spleens, graft-associated lymph nodes
      and the graft. These data demonstrate for the first time that pharmacologically
      modified, donor Ag-pulsed host DC administered post-transplant can promote
      indefinite vascularized skin graft survival, associated with Treg expansion.

PMID- 18158117
TI  - Tabebuia avellanedae extracts inhibit IL-2-independent T-lymphocyte activation
      and proliferation.
AB  - In order to identify new, immune modulating compounds, aqueous extracts of plants
      pre-selected on ethno-pharmacological knowledge were screened for inhibitory
      effects in an anti-CD3 driven lymphocyte proliferation assay (MTT-assay). We
      found for the extract of the inner bark of Tabebuia avellanedae (Tabebuia) dose
      dependent and reproducible inhibitory effects on lymphocyte proliferation. We
      further analyzed Tabebuia in flow cytometry based whole blood T-cell function
      assays. We found that Tabebuia inhibited dose dependent ConA stimulated T-cell
      proliferation. Decreased T-lymphocyte proliferation was associated with dose
      dependent reduction of CD25 and CD71 expression on T-lymphocytes. In contrast
      Tabebuia exerted no effects on cytokine expression (Il-2 and TNF-alpha) by
      PMA/Ionomycin stimulated T-lymphocytes. Concentrations of Tabebuia used were not
      toxic for lymphocytes as verified by trypan blue exclusion assay. Further
      experiments showed that the immune inhibitory effects by Tabebuia were not
      mediated by its pharmacological lead compound beta-lapachone and only observed in
      aqueous but not in ethanol plant extracts.

PMID- 18158118
TI  - The spleen's role in transplantation immunology.
AB  - While graft rejection has been studied for many years, recent investigations have
      focused on the generation and maintenance of transplantation tolerance. This
      review examines the role of secondary lymphoid organs, especially the spleen,
      characterizes the maintenance mechanism that is key to the development of
      tolerance and explores the implications of new strategies for inducing tolerance
      in transplantation.

PMID- 18158119
TI  - Donor bone marrow cells play a role in the prevention of accelerated graft
      rejection induced by semi-allogeneic spleen cells in transplantation.
AB  - Spleen or spleen plus bone marrow cells from (BALB/cxC57Bl/6)F1 donors were
      transferred into BALB/c recipients 21 days before skin or cardiac
      transplantation. Prolonged graft survival was observed on recipients treated with
      the mixture of donor-derived cells as compared to those treated with spleen cells
      alone. We evaluated the expression of CD45RB and CD44 by splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T
      cells 7 and 21 days after donor cell transfer. The populations of CD8+CD45RBlow
      and CD8+CD44high cells were significantly decreased in mice pre-treated with
      donor spleen and bone marrow cells as compared to animals treated with spleen
      cells only, although these cells expanded in both groups when compared to an
      earlier time-point. No differences were observed regarding CD4+ T cell population
      when recipients of donor-derived cells were compared. An enhanced production of
      IL-10 was observed seven days after transplantation in the supernatants of spleen
      cell cultures of mice treated with spleen and bone marrow cells. Taken together
      these data suggest that donor-derived bone marrow cells modulate the
      sensitization of the recipient by semi-allogeneic spleen cells in part by
      delaying the generation of activated/memory CD8+ T cells leading to enhanced
      graft survival.

PMID- 18158120
TI  - Combined use of myeloid-related protein 8/14 and procalcitonin as diagnostic
      markers for acute allograft rejection in kidney transplantation recipients.
AB  - The myeloid-related proteins 8 and 14 exist as a dimeric complex (MRP 8/14) and
      serve as early and highly specific markers for inflammatory processes, such as
      allograft rejection and non-viral (bacterial or fungal) infections. An elevated
      procalcitonin (PCT) concentration in serum also serves as a diagnostic indicator
      of non-viral infection. Therefore, by measuring both MRP 8/14 and PCT serum
      concentrations, one may be able to distinguish between acute allograft rejection
      and non-viral infections in non-rejection transplant recipients. Here, we
      investigated whether MRP 8/14 and PCT can function as prognostic (Study I) or
      diagnostic (Study II) markers for allograft rejection in renal transplant
      recipients. In Study I, the serum concentrations of MRP 8/14 and PCT during the
      first 2 weeks after transplantation did not differ between patients who did and
      did not suffer organ rejection within 1 year post-transplantation; these findings
      suggest that the MRP 8/14 and PCT parameters are not valid prognostic markers.
      However, in Study II, patients with acute rejection or non-rejection/non-viral
      infection groups displayed a significant increase in serum MRP 8/14
      concentration, and non-rejection patients with non-viral infections only had
      elevation in the PCT serum concentrations. These results indicate that the
      combined use of MRP 8/14 and PCT serum concentrations can allow one to
      distinguish between allograft rejection and other inflammatory processes, such as
      infection.

PMID- 18158121
TI  - Cytokine gene polymorphism in kidney transplantation--impact of TGF-beta 1, TNF
      alpha and IL-6 on graft outcome.
AB  - Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is one of the main causes of graft loss in
      renal transplantation. Polymorphisms with functional significance in the promoter
      and coding regions of cytokine genes have been suggested as a possible factor for
      graft rejection. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cytokine
      gene polymorphism of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines on development of CAN in
      a group of renal transplant patients and donors. Eight single nucleotide
      polymorphisms (SNPs) including TNFA (-308), TGFB1 (cdns10, 25), IL-10 (-1082, 
      819, -592), IL-6 (-174) and IFNG (+874) were analyzed in 56 patients with stable
      graft function (SGF), 10 with CAN and 28 kidney donors by PCR-SSP method. CAN was
      significantly associated with the recipient TGFB1 cod10 T/T and combination of
      cods10, 25 T/T G/G genotypes (high producer), (p<0.05). Influence of patient's
      TNFA genotype correlated with high level of gene expression on the development of
      CAN was further demonstrated when the patients were stratified according to the
      HLA mismatches (HLA-DRB MMs). Additionally donor TNFA-308 G/A (high) and IL-6-174
      CC (low) genotypes were increased in cases with CAN. No statistically significant
      differences in distribution of IL-10, IL-6 and IFNG genotypes between recipients
      with SGF and CAN were found. In conclusion our data suggest that the high
      producer genotype of profibrogenetic TGF-beta1, pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha and
      genetically determined low production of immunoregulatory IL-6 cytokine might be
      risk factors for CAN development.

PMID- 18158122
TI  - Dyslipidemia can reduce the immunosuppressive effects of cyclosporine.
AB  - AIMS: Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for the development of
      atherosclerotic disease and of chronic allograft rejection. Few data are
      available on the effects of dyslipidemia on the immunosuppressive action of
      immunosuppressive agents. We investigate the in vitro effects of lipids solution
      on the immunosuppressive action of cyclosporine (CsA). METHODS: Peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells (PBMC) were PHA or OKT3 activated in vitro with/without
      different concentrations of Intralipid solution (INT, range 0.5% to 15%). CsA
      inhibition of activation was measured after a 3 day incubation, by adding H3
      thimidine. The intracellular concentration of CsA was measured by
      radioimmunoassay and related to the CsA inhibitory effects. RESULTS: Increasing
      INT concentration in the medium, CsA inhibition of PBMC activation by PHA or OKT3
      was reduced from 72+/-13% to 8+/-2% and from 80+/-10% to 18+/-3%, respectively. A
      significant reduction of the intracellular CsA concentration was also evident
      with increasing INT concentrations and was related to the inhibitory activity of
      CsA. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that dyslipidemia may reduce the
      availability of intracellular CsA concentration to inhibit the immune activation
      process and may explain the relationship between dyslipidemia and chronic
      allograft loss.

PMID- 18158124
TI  - Human leukocyte antigen-G expression after kidney transplantation is associated
      with a reduced incidence of rejection.
AB  - HLA-G is a non-classic Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA-G) Class I of low
      polymorphism and restricted tissue distribution that displays tolerogenic
      functions. In heart transplantation and in combined liver/renal allograft
      transplantation, the expression of HLA-G has been associated with a lower
      incidence of acute graft rejection episodes and absence of chronic dysfunction.
      Since the expression of HLA-G in renal biopsies has been investigated only in few
      patients who received a combined kidney and liver transplant, in this study we
      performed a cross-sectional study, systematically comparing the expression of HLA
      G in post-transplanted renal grafts, stratifying patients according to the
      presence or absence of rejection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-three renal
      specimens (10 with acute rejection and 13 with chronic allograft nephropathy, and
      50 with no signs of rejection) were immunohistochemically evaluated for HLA-G
      expression. RESULTS: In the group as a whole, HLA-G molecules were detected in 40
      cases (54.8%). Among specimens that presented HLA-G expression, 2 out of 40 (5%)
      exhibited acute rejection, 2 (5%) exhibited chronic allograft nephropathy, and
      the remaining 36 (90%) exhibited no signs of rejection. The comparison between
      patients with rejection and those without rejection showed that the expression of
      HLA-G was significantly increased in specimens exhibiting no signs of rejection
      (p<0.0001). Considering only patients with acute rejection, 8 out of 10 patients
      showed no HLA-G expression in their kidney biopsies when compared to patients
      exhibiting no signs of rejection and absence of HLA-G was observed in 14 out of
      50 (p=0.0032). Similarly, considering only patients with chronic allograft
      nephropathy, absence of HLA-G expression was observed in 11 out of 13 specimens,
      whereas in patients without rejection absence of HLA-G was observed in 14 out of
      50 (p=0.003). Therapy with tacrolimus was significantly associated with the
      expression of HLA-G and a better graft prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results
      suggest that HLA-G expression in the kidney allograft and the use of tacrolimus
      are associated with a lower frequency of acute renal rejection and chronic
      allograft nephropathy.

PMID- 18158123
TI  - Retransplant candidates have donor-specific antibodies that react with
      structurally defined HLA-DR,DQ,DP epitopes.
AB  - This report describes a detailed analysis how donor-specific HLA class II epitope
      mismatching affects antibody reactivity patterns in 75 solid organ transplant
      recipients with an in situ allograft and who were considered for
      retransplantation. Sera were tested for antibodies in a sensitive antigen-binding
      assay (Luminex) with single class II alleles. Their reactivity was analyzed with
      HLAMatchmaker, a structural matching algorithm that considers so-called eplets to
      define epitopes recognized by antibodies. Only 24% of the patients showed donor
      specific anti-DRB1 antibodies and there was a significant correlation with a low
      number of mismatched DRB1 eplets. This low detection rate of anti-DRB1 antibodies
      may also be due to allograft absorption. In contrast, antibodies to DRB3/4/5
      mismatches were more common. Especially, 83% of the DRB4 (DR53) mismatches
      resulted in detectable antibodies against an eplet uniquely found on DR53
      antigens. Donor-specific DQB mismatches led to detectable anti-DQB antibodies
      with a frequency of 87%. Their specificity correlated with eplets uniquely found
      on DQ1-4. The incidence of antibodies induced by 2-digit DQA mismatches was 64%
      and several eplets appeared to play a dominant role. These findings suggest that
      both alpha and beta chains of HLA-DQ heterodimers have immunogenic epitopes that
      can elicit specific antibodies. About one-third of the sera had anti-DP
      antibodies; they reacted primarily with two DPB eplets and an allelic pair of DPA
      eplets. These data demonstrate that HLA class II reactive sera display distinct
      specificity patterns associated with structurally defined epitopes on different
      HLA-D alleles.

PMID- 18158125
TI  - Immunological status in three patients, thirty years after living related renal
      transplantation: antibody production in long-term survivors.
AB  - There have been few studies of the immune status of long-term follow-up patients
      after living-donor kidney transplantation. We investigated the immune status from
      the immunologic and pathologic standpoint of three long surviving recipients who
      had received renal grafts more than 30 years earlier. Anti-HLA antibodies that
      had not been present before transplantation were detected in one recipient with
      three HLA mismatches. One recipient with identical HLA showed positive for the
      crossmatch test, but not for the panel reactive antibody test (PRA), thus showing
      that this patient had HLA antibodies against HLA minor histocompatibility
      antigens, etc. Only one patient with established microchimerism was stable
      without any antibody production. Pathologically, chronic allograft nephropathy
      with C4d staining suggestive of antibody-mediated rejection was observed in both
      patients with HLA antibodies. Physicians should clinically manage patients by
      always bearing in mind the presence of anti-donor antibodies during long-term
      regular follow-up of transplanted kidneys.

PMID- 18158126
TI  - Part B--microRNAs: microRNA methods.

PMID- 18158128
TI  - Computational analysis of small RNA cloning data.
AB  - Cloning and sequencing is the method of choice for small regulatory RNA
      identification. Using deep sequencing technologies one can now obtain up to a
      billion nucleotides--and tens of millions of small RNAs--from a single library.
      Careful computational analyses of such libraries enabled the discovery of miRNAs,
      rasiRNAs, piRNAs, and 21U RNAs. Given the large number of sequences that can be
      obtained from each individual sample, deep sequencing may soon become an
      alternative to oligonucleotide microarray technology for mRNA expression
      profiling. In this report we present the methods that we developed for the
      annotation and expression profiling of small RNAs obtained through large-scale
      sequencing. These include a fast algorithm for finding nearly perfect matches of
      small RNAs in sequence databases, a web-accessible software system for the
      annotation of small RNA libraries, and a Bayesian method for comparing small RNA
      expression across samples.

PMID- 18158127
TI  - Identification of microRNAs and other small regulatory RNAs using cDNA library
      sequencing.
AB  - Distinct classes of small RNAs, 20-32 nucleotides long, play important regulatory
      roles for diverse cellular processes. It is therefore important to identify and
      quantify small RNAs as a function of development, tissue and cell type, in normal
      and disease states. Here we describe methods to prepare cDNA libraries from pools
      of small RNAs isolated from organisms, tissues or cells. These methods enable the
      identification of new members or new classes of small RNAs, and they are also
      suitable to obtain miRNA expression profiles based on clone count frequencies.
      This protocol includes the use of new deep sequencing methods (454/Roche and
      Solexa) to facilitate the characterization of diverse sequence pools of small
      RNAs.

PMID- 18158130
TI  - Real-time PCR quantification of precursor and mature microRNA.
AB  - microRNAs (miRNAs) are challenging molecules to amplify by PCR because the miRNA
      precursor consists of a stable hairpin and the mature miRNA is roughly the size
      of a standard PCR primer. Despite these difficulties, successful real-time RT-PCR
      technologies have been developed to amplify and quantify both the precursor and
      mature microRNA. An overview of real-time PCR technologies developed by us to
      detect precursor and mature microRNAs is presented here. Protocols describe
      presentation of the data using relative (comparative C(T)) and absolute (standard
      curve) quantification. Real-time PCR assays were used to measure the time course
      of precursor and mature miR-155 expression in monocytes stimulated by
      lipopolysaccharide. Protocols are provided to configure the assays as low density
      PCR arrays for high throughput gene expression profiling. By profiling over 200
      precursor and mature miRNAs in HL60 cells induced to differentiate with 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, it was possible to identify miRNAs who's
      processing is regulated during differentiation. Real-time PCR has become the gold
      standard of nucleic acid quantification due to the specificity and sensitivity of
      the PCR. Technological advancements have allowed for quantification of miRNA that
      is of comparable quality to more traditional RNAs.

PMID- 18158129
TI  - Expression profiling of microRNA using oligo DNA arrays.
AB  - After 12 years from its first application, microarray technology has become the
      reference technique to monitor gene expression of thousands of genes in the same
      experiment. In the past few years an increasing amount of evidence showed the
      importance of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in different human diseases. The microRNAs
      (miRNAs) are one of the groups of ncRNA. They are small RNA fragments, 19-25
      nucleotides long, with a main regulatory function on both protein coding genes
      and non-coding RNAs. The application of microarray platforms applied to miRNA
      profiling determined their deregulation in virtually all human diseases that have
      been studied. We previously developed a custom miRNA microarray platform, and
      here we describe the protocol we used to work with it including the oligo design
      strategy, the microarray printing protocol, the target-probe hybridization and
      the signal detection.

PMID- 18158131
TI  - In situ detection of precursor and mature microRNAs in paraffin embedded,
      formalin fixed tissues and cell preparations.
AB  - The in situ detection of microRNAs (miRs) expression offers several challenges.
      It would be advantageous to have a method which can be used in paraffin embedded,
      formalin fixed tissue to be able to access the large data bank of archival
      material. Further, it would be helpful if one could differentiate between
      precursor and mature, active forms of the miR. In this review, two different
      methods for the in situ detection of miR in paraffin embedded, formalin fixed
      tissues are described. Detection of the inactive precursor miR can be
      accomplished by RT in situ PCR. This will allow the detection of one copy of a
      given pre-miR per cell. Detection of the mature form of a given miR can be
      accomplished with in situ hybridization with a labeled probe in which some of the
      nucleotides have been modified; this is referred to as a locked nucleic acid
      (LNA) probe. An intense signal after in situ detection with the LNA probe
      documents marked up-regulation of the, typically, mature miR. Further, one can
      easily determine the specific subcellular compartmentalization of the precursor
      and mature forms which may provide insight into the modulation of these important
      regulatory molecules and their targets.

PMID- 18158133
TI  - Inhibition of microRNA with antisense oligonucleotides.
AB  - Antisense inhibition of microRNA (miRNA) function has been an important tool for
      uncovering miRNA biology. Chemical modification of anti-miRNA oligonucleotides
      (AMOs) is necessary to improve affinity for target miRNA, stabilize the AMO to
      nuclease degradation, and to promote tissue uptake for in vivo delivery. Here I
      summarize the work done to evaluate the effectiveness of various chemically
      modified AMOs for use in cultured cells and rodent models, and outline important
      issues to consider when inhibiting miRNAs with antisense oligonucleotides.

PMID- 18158132
TI  - Experimental validation of miRNA targets.
AB  - MicroRNAs are natural, single-stranded, small RNA molecules that regulate gene
      expression by binding to target mRNAs and suppress its translation or initiate
      its degradation. In contrast to the identification and validation of many miRNA
      genes is the lack of experimental evidence identifying their corresponding mRNA
      targets. The most fundamental challenge in miRNA biology is to define the rules
      of miRNA target recognition. This is critical since the biological role of
      individual miRNAs will be dictated by the mRNAs that they regulate. Therefore,
      only as target mRNAs are validated will it be possible to establish commonalities
      that will enable more precise predictions of miRNA/mRNA interactions. Currently
      there is no clear agreement as to what experimental procedures should be followed
      to demonstrate that a given mRNA is a target of a specific miRNA. Therefore, this
      review outlines several methods by which to validate miRNA targets. Additionally,
      we propose that multiple criteria should be met before miRNA target validation
      should be considered "confirmed."

PMID- 18158134
TI  - Computational methods for analysis of cellular functions and pathways
      collectively targeted by differentially expressed microRNA.
AB  - This report presents computational methods of analysis of cellular processes,
      functions, and pathways affected by differentially expressed microRNA, a
      statistical basis of the gene enrichment analysis method, a modification of
      enrichment analysis method accounting for combinatorial targeting of Gene
      Ontology categories by multiple miRNAs and examples of the global functional
      profiling of predicted targets of differentially expressed miRNAs in cancer. We
      have also summarized an application of Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tools for in
      depth analysis of microRNA target sets that may be useful for the biological
      interpretation of microRNA profiling data. To illustrate the utility of these
      methods, we report the main results of our recent computational analysis of five
      published datasets of aberrantly expressed microRNAs in five human cancers
      (pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and lymphoma).
      Using a combinatorial target prediction algorithm and statistical enrichment
      analysis, we have determined Gene Ontology categories as well as biological
      functions, disease categories, toxicological categories, and signaling pathways
      that are: targeted by multiple microRNAs; statistically significantly enriched
      with target genes; and known to be affected in specific cancers. Our recent
      computational analysis of predicted targets of co-expressed miRNAs in five human
      cancers suggests that co-expressed miRNAs provide systemic compensatory response
      to the abnormal phenotypic changes in cancer cells by targeting a broad range of
      functional categories and signaling pathways reportedly affected in a particular
      cancer.

PMID- 18158136
TI  - Cystic lung disease.
AB  - Cystic lung disease is divided into congenital and acquired lesions. Congenital
      cystic lung disease includes several malformations with distinct anatomical and
      histological features. There is significant overlap between these lesions to
      suggest a common pathologic mechanism for their occurrence. Congenital cystic
      lung lesions include cystic adenomatoid malformations, pulmonary sequestrations,
      congenital lobar emphysema, and peripheral bronchogenic cysts. These lesions are
      commonly diagnosed prenatally with high accuracy. Prenatal imaging has allowed us
      to better understand their natural history and devise strategies for prenatal and
      postnatal management. Some lesions warrant resection (even prenatally), whereas
      others can be managed expectantly.

PMID- 18158137
TI  - Pulmonary vascular malformations.
AB  - Pulmonary vascular malformations have historically been diagnosed in a wide range
      of age groups, but the extensive use of prenatal imaging studies has resulted in
      the majority of lesions being diagnosed in utero. Among this group of lesions,
      bronchopulmonary sequestrations (BPS), hybrid lesions with both congenital cystic
      adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) and BPS, aberrant systemic vascular anastomoses,
      and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM), are the most common. The
      biologic behavior of these lesions and the subsequent therapy is, in large part,
      determined by the age of the patient at diagnosis. In the fetus, large BPS or
      hybrid lesions can result in fetal hydrops and in utero fetal demise. In the
      perinatal period, pulmonary hypoplasia from the mass effect or air trapping
      within the cystic component of hybrid lesions can result in life-threatening
      respiratory distress. In the postnatal period, communication of the lesion with
      the aero-digestive system can result in recurrent pneumonia. Alternatively,
      increased pulmonary blood flow from the systemic arterial supply can result in
      hemorrhage, hemoptysis, or high output cardiac failure. In addition, there have
      been several reports of malignant degeneration. Finally, the broad spectrum
      encompassed by these lesions makes classification and subsequent communication of
      the lesions confusing and difficult. This paper will review the components of
      these lesions, their associated anomalies, the diagnosis and natural history, and
      finally, current concepts in the management of pulmonary vascular malformations.

PMID- 18158138
TI  - Pediatric pulmonary tumors: primary and metastatic.
AB  - Pediatric pulmonary tumors are rare. There is often a significant delay in
      diagnosis of pulmonary tumors secondary to their rarity and nonspecific
      presenting physiologic and radiographic findings. A high index of suspicion in
      pediatric patients with recurrent or persistent pulmonary symptoms is of
      paramount importance in diagnosing pulmonary tumors at an early stage. Malignant
      pulmonary tumors are more frequently diagnosed than benign lesions, with
      metastatic cancers being the most common. Complete surgical resection remains the
      basis of therapy for primary lesions, and its role in secondary cancers is
      becoming more established. Adjuvant therapies are frequently employed depending
      on the precise tumor involved. Mortality rates vary greatly depending on tumor
      location, stage, and type.

PMID- 18158139
TI  - Minimally invasive surgery of the lung: lung biopsy, treatment of spontaneous
      pneumothorax, and pulmonary resection.
AB  - Thoracoscopy of pediatric patients has evolved from diagnostic lung biopsy to a
      myriad of both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In this chapter, we discuss
      those procedures related to the child's lung which are most commonly performed:
      lung biopsy; resection of bronchogenic cysts, pulmonary sequestrations, and
      pulmonary lobes; and the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax.

PMID- 18158140
TI  - Respiratory failure and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
AB  - Conventional treatment of respiratory failure involves positive pressure
      ventilation with high concentrations of inspired oxygen. If adequate gas exchange
      still cannot be achieved extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be an
      option. The general indication for ECMO for respiratory insufficiency is a
      reversible pulmonary disease, which cannot be managed by conventional means. ECMO
      is a modified heart-lung machine. Blood is withdrawn from a central vein in the
      patient and pumped through an artificial oxygenator back to the patient, either
      to a central artery (veno-arterial ECMO) or to a central vein (veno-venous ECMO).
      Total gas exchange can be achieved through the extracorporeal system, and the
      lungs do not have to be subjected to high-pressure ventilation. To date over
      21,500 neonates have been treated with ECMO with an overall survival to hospital
      discharge of 76%. Meconium aspiration syndrome carries the highest survival
      (94%), whereas congenital diaphragmatic hernia on ECMO only has a survival of
      52%. A total of 3500 pediatric patients (30 days to 18 years) have been treated
      with ECMO with a survival of 56%. Aspiration and viral pneumonia are the
      pediatric diagnoses with the highest survival rates. Randomized controlled
      studies have shown a significant advantage of ECMO with regard to survival in
      neonates. In the pediatric age group, nonrandomized studies have shown lower
      mortality in ECMO-treated patients.

PMID- 18158141
TI  - Respiratory infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema.
AB  - Pneumonia is an important clinical problem that affects children of all ages.
      Although effectively treated on an outpatient basis in the majority of cases,
      some children with respiratory infections still require hospitalization. This may
      be particularly true for patients with immunocompromise, for whom the lung
      represents the most common site of infection. Furthermore, respiratory infections
      represent a significant source of morbidity and mortality in this patient
      population. This article focuses on the clinical presentation, etiology, and
      treatment of childhood pneumonia, with special consideration given to the
      immunocompromised child. Two specific complications of pneumonia, lung abscess
      and empyema, are discussed.

PMID- 18158142
TI  - The lung and pediatric trauma.
AB  - Thoracic trauma is relatively frequent in children and causes considerable
      mortality. This is mainly due to the multiorganic nature of the trauma. The lung
      is more often affected even in the absence of rib fractures because of the
      considerable pliability of the chest wall that allows direct transfer of energy
      to this organ. Injuries to the heart, the aorta, the esophagus, and the diaphragm
      are rare. Lung contusion and laceration cause parenchymal hemorrhage and
      consolidation sometimes accompanied by pneumothorax and/or hemothorax.
      Tracheobronchial disruption is rare but life-threatening. Most traumatic lung
      injuries may be treated with rest, respiratory support, and eventually
      intercostal drainage. Large hemorrhage may require thoracotomy, and persistent
      pneumothorax (indicative of tracheobronchial disruption) may require intubation
      with fiberoptic bronchoscopic assistance and eventually reparative or ablative
      surgery. Adult respiratory distress syndrome is very rarely seen in children with
      thoracic trauma, but it remains highly lethal.

PMID- 18158143
TI  - Pulmonary surgery in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Cystic fibrosis (CF) has a variety of pulmonary manifestations that include
      pneumonia, pulmonary abscess, bronchiectasis, hemoptysis, and pneumothorax.
      Although newer therapies have greatly improved survival of patients with CF,
      surgical interventions for definitive treatment of these sequelae are often
      required. Several reports have illustrated that, with the current advances in the
      perioperative treatment and care of CF patients, surgical interventions for these
      pulmonary manifestations may be performed safely, resulting in a greatly improved
      quality of life. Also, although improvements in lung transplantation offer new
      hope for definitive treatment of those patients with cystic fibrosis, special
      considerations regarding other surgical issues, such as the prevalence of
      gastroesophageal reflux, need to be addressed.

PMID- 18158144
TI  - A study in glycation of a therapeutic recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody:
      where it is, how it got there, and how it affects charge-based behavior.
AB  - The glycated form of a basic recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (rhuMAb)
      was separated and quantitated by boronate affinity chromatography using optimized
      shielding reagents. Characterization on the isolated glycated material by peptide
      mapping analysis, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and
      tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) sequencing techniques, identified eight reactive
      lysine primary amine sites. The glycation reaction extent was similar among the
      various reactive sites, ranging from approximately 1 to 12%, and a single
      histidine residue separated the most and least reactive sites. Boronate
      chromatography run in a linear gradient mode separated monoglycated rhuMAb from
      higher order glycated species and indicated that the majority ( approximately
      90%) of glycated rhuMAb is monoglycated. Low-level glycation on a heavy chain
      lysine located within a complementarity-determining region (CDR) did not
      significantly affect binding activity in potency measurements. The glycated forms
      also behaved as slightly more acidic than the nonglycated antibody in charge
      based separation techniques, observable by capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF)
      and ion exchange chromatography (IEC). The boronate column has significantly
      increased retention of aggregated rhuMAb material under separation conditions
      optimized for the monomer form. Recombinant protein glycation initially occurred
      during production in mammalian cell culture, where feed sugar and protein
      concentrations contribute to the total overall glycation on this antibody
      product.

PMID- 18158145
TI  - Cognitive load selectively interferes with utilitarian moral judgment.
AB  - Traditional theories of moral development emphasize the role of controlled
      cognition in mature moral judgment, while a more recent trend emphasizes
      intuitive and emotional processes. Here we test a dual-process theory
      synthesizing these perspectives. More specifically, our theory associates
      utilitarian moral judgment (approving of harmful actions that maximize good
      consequences) with controlled cognitive processes and associates non-utilitarian
      moral judgment with automatic emotional responses. Consistent with this theory,
      we find that a cognitive load manipulation selectively interferes with
      utilitarian judgment. This interference effect provides direct evidence for the
      influence of controlled cognitive processes in moral judgment, and utilitarian
      moral judgment more specifically.

PMID- 18158146
TI  - Two receptor-like kinases required together for the establishment of Arabidopsis
      cotyledon primordia.
AB  - Inter-regional signaling coordinates pattern formation in Arabidopsis thaliana
      embryos. However, little is known regarding the cells and molecules involved in
      inter-regional communication. We have characterized two related leucine-rich
      repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs), RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE1 (RPK1) and
      TOADSTOOL2 (TOAD2), which are required together for patterning the apical
      embryonic domain cell types that generate cotyledon primordia. Central domain
      protoderm patterning defects were always observed subjacent to the defective
      cotyledon primordia cell types in mutant embryos. In addition, RPK1-GFP and TOAD2
      GFP translational fusions were both localized to the central domain protodermal
      cells when cotyledon primordia were first recognizable. We propose that RPK1 and
      TOAD2 are primarily required to maintain central domain protoderm cell fate and
      that the loss of this key embryonic cell type in mutant embryos results in
      patterning defects in other regions of the embryo including the failure to
      initiate cotyledon primordia.

PMID- 18158147
TI  - Zebrafish dlx2a contributes to hindbrain neural crest survival, is necessary for
      differentiation of sensory ganglia and functions with dlx1a in maturation of the
      arch cartilage elements.
AB  - The Dlx genes are expressed in a coordinate manner, establishing proximal-distal
      polarity within the pharyngeal arches. In zebrafish, dlx2a is expressed in the
      migrating cranial neural crest that contributes to the pharyngeal arches.
      Expression of dlx2a in the arches is subsequently followed by overlapping
      expression of the physically linked dlx1a gene, and of other paralogues that
      include dlx5a/dlx6a and dlx3b/dlx4b. To investigate the patterning and
      establishment of arch proximodistal polarity in zebrafish, we characterized the
      function of dlx2a and dlx1a, using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs).
      We show that embryos injected with dlx1a and dlx2a MOs exhibit reduced and
      dysmorphic arch cartilage elements. The combined loss of dlx1a and dlx2a causes
      severe arch cartilage dysmorphology, revealing a role for these genes in
      maturation and patterning of arch chondrogenesis. Knockdown of dlx2a affects
      migrating neural crest cells as evidenced by reduced expression of crestin, and
      sox9a transcripts, in addition to increased levels of apoptosis. During
      pharyngogenesis, loss of dlx2a results in aberrant barx1 expression and the
      absence of goosecoid transcripts in the dorsal region of the ceratohyal arch.
      Defects in the differentiation of ectomesenchymal derivatives, including sensory
      ganglia and cartilage elements, indicate a role for dlx2a in specification and
      maintenance of cranial neural crest.

PMID- 18158148
TI  - Thermodynamic analysis does not allow discrimination of agonists and antagonists
      at human CCK2S-receptors.
AB  - Studies have shown that measurement of thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy, DeltaH
      degrees and entropy, DeltaS degrees ) can allow discrimination of agonists and
      antagonists (e.g. Weiland, G.A., Minneman, K.P., Molinoff, P.B., 1979.
      Fundamental difference between the molecular interactions of agonists and
      antagonists with the beta-adrenergic receptor. Nature, 281, 114.). Recently, we
      found that agonists and antagonists were not thermodynamically-distinguished at
      cholecystokinin (CCK)2-receptors in rat cerebral cortex. However, in this study,
      the possibility that thermodynamic discrimination at CCK2-receptors exists but
      that it was not detected, could not be excluded because radioligand binding
      studies and functional assays were performed in different rat tissues. Therefore,
      we have repeated these studies using the recombinant CCK2 short isoform (CCK2S)
      receptor expressed in NIH3T3 cells, so that ligand affinity (pKI) and intrinsic
      activity (alpha) measurements could be made in exactly the same receptor system.
      CCK-8S but not R-L-365,260, S-L-365,260, JB95008, JB93242 or PD134,308 expressed
      intrinsic activity in an IP assay. The pKD of [3H]-JB93182 decreased with
      increasing temperature. pKI values for antagonists (R-L-365,260, S-L-365,260,
      JB95008) and agonists (pentagastrin, CCK-8S) were higher at 4 than at 30 degrees
      C. There was no effect of temperature on pKI values for the antagonists,
      PD134,308 and JB93242. Therefore, CCK2-receptor agonists and antagonists at human
      CCK2S-receptors cannot be discriminated by thermodynamic analysis.

PMID- 18158149
TI  - Therapeutic time window for the application of chondroitinase ABC after spinal
      cord injury.
AB  - Rats with a crush in the dorsal funiculi of the C4 segment of the spinal cord
      were treated with chondroitinase ABC delivered to the lateral ventricle,
      receiving 6 intraventricular injections on alternate days. In order to
      investigate the time window of efficacy of chondroitinase, treatment was begun at
      the time of injury or after a 2, 4 or 7 days delay. Behavioural testing over 6
      weeks showed that acutely treated animals showed improved skilled forelimb
      reaching compared to penicillinase controls. Forelimb contact placing recovered
      in treated animals but not controls, and gait analysis showed recovery towards
      normal forelimb stride length in treated animals but not controls. Chondroitinase
      treated animals showed greater axon regeneration than controls. The treatment
      effect on contact placing, stride length and axon regeneration was not dependent
      on the timing of the start of treatment, but in skilled paw reaching acutely
      treated animals recovered better function. The area of chondroitinase ABC
      digestion visualized by stub antibody staining included widespread digestion
      around the lateral ventricles and partial digestion of cervical spinal cord white
      matter, but not grey matter.

PMID- 18158150
TI  - Trypanosoma evansi: molecular homogeneity as inferred by phenetical analysis of
      ribosomal internal transcribed spacers DNA of an eclectic parasite.
AB  - The protozoan Trypanosoma evansi is described as presenting high morphological
      and genetic similarities among the isolates despite its biological heterogeneity
      and wide geographical distribution. PCR amplification of the internal transcribed
      spacers of the ribosomal gene in combination with the coding region of the 5.8S
      ribosomal subunit further submitted to restriction enzymes digestion were carried
      out in DNAs extracted from 41 T. evansi strains isolated from horses, dogs,
      coatis and capybaras from two distinct regions of the Brazilian Pantanal. We also
      used one T. evansi isolate from Africa, one from Asia and one isolate of T. b.
      brucei from Africa. Analysis of the RFLP profiles yielded a unique "riboprinting"
      that does not vary intraspecifically. These results provide insights on the
      ribosomal gene organization of T. evansi and showed that ITS analysis by RFLP
      show high genetic similarity of this locus among isolates of this protozoan
      parasite.

PMID- 18158151
TI  - Local recurrence of large squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus after
      endoscopic resection.
AB  - BACKGROUND: A new technique, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), which uses
      specially developed endoscopic knives, was recently developed for en bloc
      resection of large lesions. Despite increasing indications for endoscopic
      resection (ER), there are limited data available regarding the outcome of ER for
      lesions 20 mm or more in diameter. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors for
      local recurrence. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A cancer-referral
      center. PATIENTS: Seventy patients, who presented between September 1994 and
      April 2006, with a total of 78 lesions that measured 20 mm or more in diameter.
      MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: Local recurrence rate after ER was assessed. RESULTS:
      At a median follow-up of 32 months (range 12-121 months), there were 12 local
      recurrences (15.4%). There was no significant association between local
      recurrence and multiple iodine-voiding lesions, tumor size, or tumor location.
      The number of resections and the resection method, however, were significantly
      associated with local recurrence. There was no recurrence of lesions treated by
      en bloc resection. Lesions resected in 5 or more pieces had a significantly
      higher recurrence rate than lesions resected in 2 to 4 pieces. Lesions treated by
      EMR had a significantly higher recurrence rate than lesions treated by ESD.
      LIMITATIONS: Single-center retrospective analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal
      squamous-cell carcinoma that measured 20 mm or more in diameter should be
      resected en bloc by ESD. Lesions treated by resection in 5 or more pieces have a
      higher risk for local recurrence.

PMID- 18158152
TI  - Extracellular loop 3 (ECL3) and ECL3-proximal transmembrane domains VI and VII of
      the mesotocin and vasotocin receptors confer differential ligand selectivity and
      signaling activity.
AB  - Mesotocin (MT) and vasotocin (VT) are the nonmammalian orthologs of mammalian
      oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), respectively. The OT/AVP family of
      peptides has arisen from gene duplication but has evolved to possess high
      selectivity toward their cognate receptors. The process of molecular evolution of
      receptors to confer high selectivity to their cognate ligands, however, is poorly
      understood. We constructed a series of reciprocal chimeras using a pair of
      bullfrog MT receptor (MTR) and VT1 receptor (VT1R) DNA fragments. Among the
      MTR/VT1R chimeras, the MTR chimera containing a region from transmembrane domain
      (TMD) VI to the carboxyl-terminal tail (C-tail) of VT1R showed an increased
      sensitivity to VT, while a chimeric VT1R containing TMD VI to C-tail of MTR
      showed an increased sensitivity to MT. Further dissection of domains using
      additional chimeras demonstrated that the receptor with the fragment containing
      extracellular loop 3 (ECL3) and ECL3-proximal TMDs VI and VII of MTR increased MT
      selectivity. This fragment is also important for receptor conformation that
      permits the signaling ability of the receptor. Particularly, the amino acids
      Val/Ile(6.54) in TMD VI and Pro/Glu(7.29) in ECL3 appear to be involved in this
      activity, since double mutation of these amino acids completely blocked signaling
      activity while maintaining ligand binding activity. Mutations at these residues
      in human OT and AVP 1a receptors markedly decreased receptor signaling activity.
      This study provides clues for understanding molecular coevolution of the OT/AVP
      peptides and their receptors with regard to receptor-ligand binding and receptor
      signaling activity.

PMID- 18158153
TI  - Retinoid requirements in the reproduction of zebrafish.
AB  - This study examines whether retinoids are essential in the reproduction of
      zebrafish. Using RT-PCR, it was shown that the ovaries and testes express enzymes
      that synthesize and metabolize the hormone retinoic acid (RA) (raldh2 and cyp26a,
      respectively), and RA receptors (raraa, rarga, rxrba, rxrbb, rxrga but not
      rxrab). Three new isoforms of rxrba were also observed in a variety of tissues.
      In other experiments, zebrafish were exposed for 11 d to diethylaminobenzaldehyde
      (DEAB), an inhibitor of RA synthesis, or fed a retinoid deficient diet for 130 d
      in order to evaluate the functional requirements of retinoids in reproduction.
      DEAB altered cyp26a transcript numbers in the gonads, suggesting an impact on RA,
      and decreased the number of spawned eggs by 95%. The retinoid deficient diet
      decreased whole body retinoids (retinol and retinal) by 68% in females and 33% in
      males. Females fed the retinoid deficient diet also produced 73% fewer eggs that
      contained 78% less retinal than controls. Fertilization rates were not affected.
      These studies have shown that the RA receptors are expressed in zebrafish gonads,
      and RA is required for the spawning of eggs. Dietary retinoid content influences
      reproduction, while retinyl ester storage levels appear to be of little
      significance. Females were more susceptible to retinoid perturbation than males,
      likely due to the cost of retinal deposition in the eggs. Overall, these studies
      have shown retinoids play a fundamental role in the reproduction of zebrafish,
      and the lack of retinyl ester stores in controls that successfully spawned
      illustrates that we have only a limited understanding of the retinoid physiology
      and requirements of fish.

PMID- 18158154
TI  - Cryptosporidia: epicellular parasites embraced by the host cell membrane.
AB  - The ultrastructure of two gastric cryptosporidia, Cryptosporidium muris from
      experimentally infected rodents (Mastomys natalensis) and Cryptosporidium sp.
      'toad' from naturally infected toads (Duttaphrynus melanostictus), was studied
      using electron microscopy. Observations presented herein allowed us to map
      ultrastructural aspects of the cryptosporidian invasion process and the origin of
      a parasitophorous sac. Invading parasites attach to the host cell, followed by
      gradual envelopment, with the host's cell membrane folds, eventually forming the
      parasitophorous sac. Cryptosporidian developmental stages remain epicellular
      during the entire life cycle. The parasite development is illustrated in detail
      using high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy. This provides
      a new insight into the ultrastructural detail of host-parasite interactions and
      species-specific differences manifested in frequency of detachment of the
      parasitophorous sac, radial folds of the parasitophorous sac and stem-formation
      of the parasitised host cell.

PMID- 18158155
TI  - Enhancement of magnetic resonance contrast effect using ionic magnetic clusters.
AB  - Precise diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requires sensitive magnetic
      resonance probes to detect low concentrations of magnetic substances. Ionic
      magnetic clusters (IMCs) as versatile magnetic probes were successfully
      synthesized for enhancing the magnetic resonance (MR) contrast effect as well as
      ensuring high water solubility. IMCs with various sizes were prepared by assembly
      of MNCs using cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic sodium
      dodecyl sulfate (SDS). To synthesize IMCs in the aqueous phase, magnetic
      nanocrystals in an organic solvent were assembled with CTAB and SDS using the
      nanoemulsion method, to fabricate cationic magnetic clusters (CMCs) and anionic
      magnetic clusters (AMCs), respectively. IMCs demonstrated ultrasensitivity by MR
      imaging and sufficient magnetic mobility under an external magnetic field.

PMID- 18158156
TI  - Effects of additives on the structure of rhamnolipid (biosurfactant): a small
      angle neutron scattering (SANS) study.
AB  - Pollution of soils and sediments by heavy metals is an environmental concern.
      Among the remedial techniques, soil washing is proving to be reliable.
      Biosurfactant rhamnolipid has shown its potential as a washing agent. In this
      research, small angle neutron scattering (SANS) was employed to investigate the
      size and morphology of rhamnolipid aggregates and micelle structure in the
      presence of heavy metals Cu, Zn, and Ni. The results indicate the importance of
      the pH of the system in the morphology of the aggregates in the rhamnolipid
      solution. Creation of a basic condition by addition of 1% NaOH led to the
      formation of large aggregates (>2000 A) + micelles with RG approximately 17 A
      while in the acidic environment with 1% NaCl, large polydisperse vesicles with a
      radius about 550-600 A were formed. The size of the aggregates in both acidic and
      basic condition is fine enough to ease the flow of the rhamnolipid solution
      through the porous media with the pore sizes as small as 200 nm.

PMID- 18158157
TI  - Diazotization of kynurenine by acidified nitrite secreted from indoleamine 2,3
      dioxygenase-expressing myeloid dendritic cells.
AB  - Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-initiated tryptophan metabolism along the
      kynurenine (Kyn) pathway regulates T-cell responses in some dendritic cells (DC)
      such as plasmacytoid DC. A Kyn assay using HPLC showed that samples were
      frequently deproteinized with trichloroacetic acid (TCA). In the present study,
      bone marrow-derived myeloid DC (BMDC) were differentiated from mouse bone marrow
      cells with GM-CSF. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) induced the expression of IDO
      protein with NO production in BMDC cultured for 24 h. The concentrations of Kyn
      in the culture supernatants were not increased by stimulation with CpG but rather
      decreased by based on the Kyn assay after deproteinization with TCA. The level of
      Kyn exogenously added into the cell-free culture supernatant of BMDC stimulated
      with CpG was severely decreased by deproteinization with TCA but not methanol,
      and the decrease was prevented when BMDC was stimulated with CpG in the presence
      of a NOS inhibitor. Under acidic conditions, Kyn reacted with nitrite produced by
      BMDC, and generated a new compound that was not detected by Ehrlich reagent
      reacting with the aromatic amino residue of Kyn. An analysis by mass spectrometry
      showed the new compound to be a diazotization form of Kyn. In conclusion, the
      deproteinization of samples by acidic treatment should be avoided for the Kyn
      assay when NO is produced.

PMID- 18158158
TI  - In vitro assessment of plant lectins with anti-pinwood nematode activity.
AB  - Two lectin proteins were purified from the corms of Pinellia ternata and Lycoris
      radiata. Both P. ternata agglutinin (PTA) protein and L. radiata agglutinin (LRA)
      protein formed polymers and coagulated both rabbit red blood cells and yeast
      cells. The two proteins were each diluted to different concentration and then
      mixed with pinewood nematodes, and nematode survival was measured. Results showed
      that the two lectin proteins showed significant levels of resistance against
      nematodes and the nematode population was significantly reduced, compared to PBS
      buffer without protein control group. The mean number of nematodes of two lectin
      proteins group was significantly lower than that of control group constantly
      throughout the assay period with differences being very significant at P<0.01
      after 24 h. After 96 h, when 500 microg/ml proteins were used, nematode number
      significantly declined to an average of 26 (approximately 43% of the controls)
      and 32.2 (approximately 53.3% of the controls) nematodes at LRA and PTA protein,
      respectively, compared to the control group. Results also indicated that higher
      concentrations of protein were more toxic to the pinewood nematode. Even when the
      concentration was as low as 30 microg/ml, the toxic proteins retained their anti
      nematode activity. Furthermore, pinewood nematode was exposed to the proteins for
      longer, more pinewood nematodes were killed. Our results indicated the two lectin
      proteins both apparently have a toxic effect on the pinewood nematode that
      affects its survival in vitro.

PMID- 18158159
TI  - Repeated bottleneck transfers can lead to non-cytocidal forms of a cytopathic
      virus: implications for viral extinction.
AB  - Several biological subclones of a biological clone of foot-and-mouth disease
      virus (FMDV) have been subjected to many plaque-to-plaque (serial bottleneck)
      transfers in cell culture. At transfer 190 to 409, clones underwent a transition
      towards a non-cytolytic (NC) phenotype in which the virus was unable to produce
      plaques, representing at least a 140-fold reduction in specific infectivity
      relative to the parental biological clone. NC clones, however, were competent in
      RNA replication and established a persistent infection in cell culture without an
      intervening cytolytic phase. In one clone, the transition to the NC phenotype was
      associated with the elongation of an internal oligodenylate tract that precedes
      the second functional AUG translation initiation codon. The pattern of mutations
      and their distribution along the FMDV genome of the clones subjected to serial
      bottleneck transfers were compared with the pattern of mutations in FMDV clones
      subjected to large population passages. Both the corrected ratios of non
      synonymous to synonymous mutations and some specific mutations in coding and non
      coding regions suggest participation of positive selection during large
      population passages and not during bottleneck transfers. Some mutations in the
      clones that attained the NC phenotype were located in genomic regions affecting
      the capacity of FMDV to kill BHK-21 cells. The resistance to extinction of clones
      subjected to plaque-to-plaque transfers marks a striking contrast with regard to
      the ease of extinction mediated by lethal mutagenesis. The results document a
      major phenotypic transition of a virus as a result of serial bottleneck events.

PMID- 18158160
TI  - Molecular model of an alpha-helical prion protein dimer and its monomeric
      subunits as derived from chemical cross-linking and molecular modeling
      calculations.
AB  - Prions are the agents of a series of lethal neurodegenerative diseases. They are
      composed largely, if not entirely, of the host-encoded prion protein (PrP), which
      can exist in the cellular isoform PrP(C) and the pathological isoform PrP(Sc).
      The conformational change of the alpha-helical PrP(C) into beta-sheet-rich
      PrP(Sc) is the fundamental event of prion disease. The transition of recombinant
      PrP from a PrP(C)-like into a PrP(Sc)-like conformation can be induced in vitro
      by submicellar concentrations of SDS. An alpha-helical dimer was identified that
      might represent either the native state of PrP(C) or the first step from the
      monomeric PrP(C) to highly aggregated PrP(Sc). In the present study, the
      molecular structure of these dimers was analyzed by introducing covalent cross
      links using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide. Inter- and
      intramolecular bonds between directly neighboured amino groups and carboxy groups
      were generated. The bonds formed in PrP dimers of recombinant PrP (90-231) were
      identified by tryptic digestion and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis. Intra
      and intermolecular cross-links between N-terminal glycine and three acidic amino
      acid side chains in the globular part of PrP were identified, showing the N
      terminal amino acids (90-124) are not as flexible as known from NMR analysis.
      When the cross-linked sites were used as structural constraint, molecular
      modeling calculations yielded a structural model for PrP dimer and its monomeric
      subunit, including the folding of amino acids 90-124 in addition to the known
      structure. Molecular dynamics of the structure after release of the constraint
      indicated an intrinsic stability of the domain of amino acids 90-124.

PMID- 18158161
TI  - Sexually dimorphic changes in the amygdala in relation to delusional beliefs in
      first episode psychosis.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Few attempts have been made to examine the relationship between
      amygdala abnormalities and specific symptoms in psychosis. The present study
      explored the relationship between amygdala morphology and mood congruent and mood
      incongruent delusional beliefs. METHODS: Amygdala volumes were measured in 43
      patients presenting with delusional beliefs in the context of their first episode
      of psychosis and 43 healthy volunteers matched for age and gender. RESULTS: Left
      greater-than-right-asymmetry of the amygdala varied as a function of gender and
      mood congruence of delusional beliefs, due to asymmetrical enlargement of the
      left amygdala in women presenting with predominantly mood incongruent delusions.
      However, there was no difference in amygdala volumes across groups. CONCLUSIONS:
      Amygdala abnormalities in women may be associated with aberrant emotional
      processing that could contribute to the development of mood incongruent
      delusional beliefs. Sexually dimorphic changes in the amygdala may contribute to
      differential phenotypic illness expression in men and women.

PMID- 18158162
TI  - Plastic bottles and moral codes.

PMID- 18158163
TI  - Water column monitoring near oil installations in the North Sea 2001-2004.
AB  - Fisheries have been vital to coastal communities around the North Sea for
      centuries, but this semi-enclosed sea also receives large amounts of waste. It is
      therefore important to monitor and control inputs of contaminants into the North
      Sea. Inputs of effluents from offshore oil and gas production platforms (produced
      water) in the Norwegian sector have been monitored through an integrated chemical
      and biological effects programme since 2001. The programme has used caged
      Atlantic cod and blue mussels. PAH tissue residues in blue mussels and PAH bile
      metabolites in cod have confirmed exposure to effluents, but there was variation
      between years. Results for a range of biological effects methods reflected
      exposure gradients and indicated that exposure levels were low and caused minor
      environmental impact at the deployment locations. There is a need to develop
      methods that are sufficiently sensitive to components in produced water at levels
      found in marine ecosystems.

PMID- 18158164
TI  - Temporal properties of spatial channel of processing in hemianopia.
AB  - The term blindsight, coined by Larry Weiskrantz, describes those discrimination
      abilities that can be elicited with visual stimuli restricted to the blindfield
      of a patient with occipital brain lesion or damaged optic radiation. Over the
      past 3 decades, many aspects of blindsight have been investigated including
      detection of basic stimulus attributes such as structure, colour and movement as
      well as more complex tasks such as discrimination of facial expressions and
      semantic processing. The neuronal mechanisms mediating blindsight rely on
      processing in subcortical and/or extrastriate areas. It appears that following
      the occipital brain damage, there is a restricted "window of processing" and
      stimulus parameters mainly outside this window may not lead to blindsight
      performance. Here we report how the restricted "window of processing" appears to
      have a specific spatio-temporal response profile, mainly tuned to low spatial
      frequencies and intermediate temporal frequencies. In addition, in a group of
      blindsight patients, we demonstrate that above chance detection performance is
      related to the target size. The findings have implications both for the reported
      incidence of blindsight and development of rehabilitation strategies.

PMID- 18158165
TI  - Environmental influences on childhood obesity: ethnic and cultural influences in
      context.
AB  - Ethnicity is associated with differences in food-related beliefs, preferences,
      and behaviors, and cultural influences may contribute to the higher than average
      risk of obesity among children and youth in U.S. ethnic minority populations.
      However, cultural attitudes and beliefs are not the only potential source of
      ethnic variation in childhood obesity prevalence and should not be studied in
      isolation. Demographic, socio-structural, and environmental variables must also
      be considered. Available evidence indicates ethnic differences along several
      pathways that may increase risks of obesity development during gestation,
      infancy, childhood and adolescence. These include above-average prevalence of
      obesity in adult females and of maternal diabetes during pregnancy, parental
      attitudes and practices that may lead to overfeeding children, above-average
      levels of consumption of certain high calorie foods and beverages, and inadequate
      physical activity. Environments with lower than average neighborhood availability
      of healthful foods and higher than average availability of fast food restaurants,
      along with exposure to ethnically targeted food marketing may contribute to
      reliance on high calorie foods and beverages, and these foods may be socially and
      culturally valued. Attitudes about and environmental contexts for physical
      activity are also relevant. Increasingly, it is acknowledged that individual
      behaviors and lifestyles, e.g. food choices or child feeding practices, are
      responsive to the ecological contexts in which they are practiced. Focusing
      attention on the fluid interactions of cultural influences with contextual
      factors, of recognized importance for the study of childhood undernutrition, can
      also lead to further understanding of how to address ethnic disparities in
      childhood obesity.

PMID- 18158166
TI  - Stress and the relative reinforcing value of food in female binge eaters.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the independent and interactive effects
      of stress reactivity and binge eating (BE) status on changes in the relative
      reinforcing value of snack foods. The relative reinforcing value of snack foods
      was assessed in binge eaters and non-binge eaters across a stress-induction
      session (after 3-minutes of anticipation of giving a speech) or a control day
      (after 3-minutes of reading magazines), with order of conditions counterbalanced.
      Subjects were divided into four groups based on scores on the Binge Eating Scale
      (BES) and changes in perceived stress: Binge eaters/low stress reactivity (n=12),
      binge eaters/high stress reactivity (n=10), non-binge eaters/low stress
      reactivity (n=6), non-binge eaters/high stress reactivity (n=9). Dietary
      restraint, hunger, disinhibition, and hedonics were measured by self-report. Body
      composition was estimated by body mass index (BMI=weight in kilograms divided by
      height in metres squared). The relative reinforcing value of snack food was
      influenced differently by binge status and stress reactivity in the stress and
      control conditions (p<0.05). Binge eaters who reacted to stress earned more snack
      food points (p<0.001) in stress condition, but non-binge eaters who showed high
      stress reactivity earned less points for snack food in stress condition (p<0.05).
      This same pattern of results remained after statistically controlling for body
      mass index (BMI) and dietary restraint. Findings suggest that reactivity to
      interpersonal or ego-related stress increases the relative reinforcing value of
      food in binge eaters but decreases the relative reinforcing value of snack food
      in non-binge eaters, and these findings appear to be independent of dietary
      restraint and BMI.

PMID- 18158167
TI  - Influence of valvular insufficiency and recurrent airway obstruction on
      haemodynamics and therapy in warmblood horses with atrial fibrillation.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the potential haemodynamic effects of
      valvular insufficiency and recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) in horses with
      atrial fibrillation (AF). Therefore in ten healthy horses (group 1) and 40 horses
      with AF a clinical examination, a lung examination, echocardiography and right
      heart catheterization for measurement of intracardic and pulmonary pressures were
      performed. According to the clinical findings the horses with AF were subdivided
      into 4 groups (group 2: AF; group 3: AF/valvular insufficiency; group 4: AF/RAO;
      group 5: AF/valvular insufficiency/RAO). Most of the horses of group 3 and 5
      suffered from two valvular insufficiencies (mitral and tricuspid valve
      insufficiency: n=11, mitral and aortic valve insufficiency: n=2). The remaining
      horses showed a single mitral (n=6), tricuspid (n=2) or aortic valve
      insufficiency (n=1) or more than two valvular insufficiencies (n=4). In group 2
      right ventricular mean pressure (RVPm) was higher than in group 1 and 4
      (P<0.025); diastolic right ventricular pressure was higher than in group 1; PWP
      was higher than in group 1 and group 4; PDP was lower compared to group1.
      Compared to group1 in group 3 left atrial diameter (LA) was greater; the PAPs was
      higher and the PDP lower (P<0.05). In group 4 RVPm and PWP was lower compared to
      group 2. In group 5 LA, fractional shortening and diastolic left ventricular
      diameter were greater, PWP and PAPs were higher and PDP lower compared to group1.
      Twenty six of the 40 horses with AF (65%) were treated. Successful cardioversion
      to sinus rhythm occurred in 15 horses (58%). Therapy was successful in 50% of the
      treated horses of group 2 and 3, in 67% of the treated horses of group 4 and in
      63% of the treated horses in group 5. In conclusion the presence of valvular
      insufficiency or RAO influences the haemodynamics of horses with AF.

PMID- 18158168
TI  - Response to "Non-segmented negative-strand RNA virus RNA synthesis in vivo".

PMID- 18158169
TI  - Comparison of focal macular cone ERGs in complete-type congenital stationary
      night blindness and APB-treated monkeys.
AB  - Focal macular cone electroretinograms (ERGs) and multifocal ERGs were recorded to
      study the macular function in patients with the complete-type of congenital
      stationary night blindness (cCSNB). The waveforms of the focal macular cone ERGs
      and the on- and off-responses of the multifocal ERGs in the cCSNB patients were
      similar to those recorded from monkey retinas treated with L-2 amino-4
      phosphonobutyric acid (APB), suggesting that patients with cCSNB have a complete
      defect of the on-pathway even in the central retina. The results also
      demonstrated that there was a paradoxical positive response in the central retina
      of cCSNB patients, as compared to the negative full-field ERGs in the same
      subjects.

PMID- 18158170
TI  - Comparison of the removal efficiency of endocrine disrupting compounds in pilot
      scale sewage treatment processes.
AB  - The removal efficiency of endocrine disrupting compounds from effluents using
      pilot scale sewage treatment processes, including various treatment technologies,
      such as membrane bioreactors (MBR), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO)
      for the purpose of water reuse, were estimated and compared. The calculated
      estrogenic activity, expressed in ng-EEQ/l, based on the concentration detected
      by GC/MS, and relative potencies for each target compound were compared to those
      measured using the E-screen assay. The removal efficiencies for nonylphenol, was
      within the range of 55-83% in effluents. High removal efficiencies of
      approximately >70% based on the detection limits were obtained for bisphenol A,
      E1, EE2 and genistein with each treatment processes, with the exception of E1 (
      approximately 64%) using the MBR process. The measured EEQ values for the
      effluents from the MBR, NF and RO processes also indicated low estrogenic
      activities of 0.65, 0.23 and 0.05 ng-EEQ/l, respectively. These were markedly
      reduced values compared with the value of 1.2 ng-EEQ/l in influent. Consequently,
      the removals of EDCs in terms of the EEQ value from the biological and chemical
      determinations were sufficiently achieved by the treatment process applied in
      this study, especially in the cases of the NF and RO treatments.

PMID- 18158171
TI  - Control of sulfide in sewer systems by dosage of iron salts: comparison between
      theoretical and experimental results, and practical implications.
AB  - Removal of sulfide species from municipal sewage conveyance systems by dosage of
      iron salts is a relatively common practice. However, the reactions that occur
      between dissolved iron and sulfide species in municipal sewage media have not yet
      been fully quantified, and practical application relies heavily on empirical
      experience, which is often site specific. The aim of this work was to combine
      theoretical considerations and empirical observations to enable a more reliable
      prediction of the sulfide removal efficiency for a given dosing strategy. Two
      main questions were addressed, regarding the dominant sulfur species that results
      from the oxidation of sulfide by Fe(III) and the dominant precipitation reaction
      between Fe(II) and sulfide species. Comparison of thermodynamic prediction
      obtained by an equilibrium chemistry-based computer program (MINEQL+) with
      experimental results obtained by dosing ferrous salts showed that the product of
      precipitation is FeS under all operational conditions tested. Regarding the
      reaction between ferric salts and sulfide species, analysis of thermodynamic data
      suggested that the dominant product of sulfide oxidation under typical pe/pH
      conditions prevailing in municipal raw wastewater is SO(4)(2-). However,
      comparison between sulfide removal in laboratory experiments conducted with
      multiple samples of raw municipal sewage with a varying composition, and the
      prediction of MINEQL+ showed the main sulfide oxidation product to be S(0). In
      order to reduce sulfide in sewage to <0.1 mgS/l a minimal molar ratio of around
      1.3 Fe to 1 S should be applied when ferrous salts are used, as compared with a
      minimal ratio of 0.9 Fe to 1 S required when ferric salts or a mixture of ferrous
      and ferric salts (at a 2 Fe(III) to 1 Fe(II) ratio) are used. It appears that the
      high Fe to S(-II) ratios often recommended in practice can be reduced
      considerably by applying tight in-line control.

PMID- 18158172
TI  - Metallopeptidase activities in hereditary angioedema: effect of androgen
      prophylaxis on plasma aminopeptidase P.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Aminopeptidase P (APP) plays an important role in the catabolism of
      kinins in human plasma, mostly for des-Arg(9)-bradykinin. Impaired degradation of
      this active bradykinin metabolite was found to be associated with a decreased APP
      activity in hypertensive patients who experienced angioedema while being treated
      with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors. The pathophysiology of
      hereditary angioedema is presently attributed only to a quantitative/qualitative
      C1 inhibitor (CI-INH) defect with increased bradykinin release. OBJECTIVES: In
      the context of androgen prophylaxis, increased CI-INH function cannot fully
      explain protection from angioedema attacks alone because of the limited reversion
      of the CI-INH defects. Therefore we hypothesized that androgen prophylaxis could
      enhance plasma APP activity. METHODS: Patients with hereditary angioedema were
      investigated for plasma metallopeptidase activities responsible for kinin
      catabolism (APP, angiotensin I-converting enzyme, and carboxypeptidase N) and for
      CI-INH function in treated and untreated patients. RESULTS: APP activity was
      asymmetrically distributed in untreated patients (n = 147): the mean value was
      significantly lower than the value in a reference healthy and unmedicated
      population (n = 116; P < or = .001). Prophylaxis with androgen induced a
      significant increase in APP activity (P < or = .001), whereas it did not affect
      the other metallopeptidase activities. In both patient groups, APP activity
      showed a significant inverse relationship to disease severity (P < or = .001).
      CONCLUSION: In addition to the effect on circulating CI-INH levels, the increase
      in APP levels brought on by androgens could contribute to a more effective
      control of the kinin accumulation considered to be responsible for the symptoms
      of angioedema.

PMID- 18158173
TI  - Nitrative stress in refractory asthma.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Most asthma is mild and moderate and can be well controlled by low
      dose inhaled steroid with or without bronchodilators. However, 5% to 10% of
      patients with asthma have more troublesome disease despite using such medication.
      Recent reports showed that nitrative stress induced tissue remodeling in vitro,
      which is associated with a component of refractoriness in asthma. However, there
      is no report that nitrative stress is involved in refractory asthma. OBJECTIVE:
      The aim of this study is to evaluate whether patients with refractory asthma have
      more nitrative stress. METHODS: Ten healthy subjects, 10 patients with well
      controlled asthma, and 8 patients with refractory asthma took part in the current
      study. Exhaled nitric oxide, xanthine oxidase activity in the supernatant of the
      sputum, immunostaining for the inducible type of nitric oxide synthase, and 3
      nitrotyrosine in induced sputum from the subjects were assessed. RESULTS: All
      nitrative markers including exhaled nitric oxide (P < .01), immunopositivities
      for inducible nitric oxide synthase (P < .01), xanthine oxidase activities (P <
      .01), and 3-nitrotyrosine (P < .01) in sputum from the refractory asthma group
      were enhanced compared with the well-controlled group. All these nitrative
      markers in the sputum had a significant negative correlation with the %FEV(1)
      values (P < .01). CONCLUSION: These results suggested that patients with
      refractory asthma have more nitrative stress in their airways compared with
      patients with well-controlled asthma.

PMID- 18158174
TI  - Intranasal corticosteroids reduce ocular symptoms of allergic rhinitis as a class
      effect.

PMID- 18158175
TI  - Mast cell-driven skin inflammation is impaired in the absence of sensory nerves.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Mast cells (MCs) and nerves can induce cutaneous inflammatory
      responses, both independently and by interacting with each other. However, little
      is known about the role of skin nerves and neuropeptides in the regulation of MC
      mediated skin inflammation, and the contribution of MCs in neurogenic
      inflammation is still controversial. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to
      investigate the effects of cutaneous sensory nerves on MC-driven inflammatory
      responses. METHODS: Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, a model for type I allergic
      skin responses, was studied in the presence or absence of sensory nerves by using
      a murine model of selective cutaneous denervation. RESULTS: Passive cutaneous
      anaphylaxis was significantly impaired in the absence of sensory nerves. This
      effect was not a result of an alteration of mast cell numbers in denervated skin.
      Moreover, IgE-mediated activation of mast cells was markedly decreased in
      denervated compared with normal skin. Notably, pretreatment of mice with
      selective antagonists of the neuropeptides substance P and/or calcitonin gene
      related peptide also resulted in decreased inflammatory responses after MC
      activation. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that sensory skin nerves augment MC
      driven inflammatory responses by releasing neuropeptides that increase MC
      degranulation.

PMID- 18158176
TI  - Specific oral tolerance induction in children with very severe cow's milk-induced
      reactions.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Some children allergic to cow's milk proteins (CMPs) experience
      exceptionally severe reactions after ingesting only trace amounts of antigen.
      Avoiding the food and carrying self-injectable epinephrine are the current
      strategies for their management. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate
      the safety and efficacy of specific oral tolerance induction (SOTI) for children
      with severe CMP-induced systemic reactions. METHODS: Ninety-seven children aged 5
      years or older with a history of severe allergic reactions and very high CMP
      specific IgE levels were selected for a double-blind, placebo-controlled food
      challenge. Sixty had positive test results to very small amounts of milk and were
      randomly divided in 2 different groups. Thirty children (group A) immediately
      began SOTI, whereas the remaining 30 (group B) were kept on a milk-free diet and
      followed for 1 year. RESULTS: After 1 year, 11 (36%) of 30 children in group A
      had become completely tolerant, 16 (54%) could take limited amounts of milk (5
      150 mL), and 3 (10%) were not able to complete the protocol because of persistent
      respiratory or abdominal complaints. In group B the result of the double-blind,
      placebo-controlled food challenge performed after a year was positive in all 30
      cases (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: In this study SOTI was effective in a significant
      percentage of cases.

PMID- 18158177
TI  - Impact of the 1976 Tobacco Control Act in Finland on the proportion of ever daily
      smokers by socioeconomic status.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the 1976 Tobacco Control Act (TCA) on smoking
      initiation across socioeconomic groups. METHODS: Nationwide data from independent
      annual cross-sectional postal surveys in 1978-2002 in Finland. Subjects were 25
      64-year-old men and women born 1926-1975 (n=68 071). Socioeconomic status was
      derived individually from population census data. Logistic regression was applied
      to assess the impact of the 1976 TCA on the prevalence of ever daily smoking in
      birth cohorts and socioeconomic groups. RESULTS: Clear socioeconomic differences
      in ever daily smoking among men and women were found. In all socioeconomic groups
      a declining cohort trend was observed among men whereas women showed an
      increasing trend in early cohorts and a declining one thereafter. A statistically
      significant decline in the proportion of ever daily smokers compatible with the
      impact of the TCA was found in all socioeconomic groups except farmers. Among
      women the decline was roughly similar in each socioeconomic group, while among
      men it varied and was most pronounced among white collar employees. CONCLUSIONS:
      The impact of the 1976 TCA was less pronounced among male lower socioeconomic
      groups. In spite of the even impact of the TCA on female smoking across
      socioeconomic groups, large socioeconomic disparities remain. Tobacco control
      policy measures specifically directed at lower socioeconomic groups are needed.

PMID- 18158178
TI  - Reorganization of the cerebro-cerebellar network of language production in
      patients with congenital left-hemispheric brain lesions.
AB  - Patients with congenital lesions of the left cerebral hemisphere may reorganize
      language functions into the right hemisphere. In these patients, language
      production is represented homotopically to the left-hemispheric language areas.
      We studied cerebellar activation in five patients with congenital lesions of the
      left cerebral hemisphere to assess if the language network is reorganized
      completely in these patients, i.e. including also cerebellar language functions.
      As compared to a group of controls matched for age, sex, and verbal IQ, the
      patients recruited an area not in the right but in the left cerebellar
      hemisphere. The extent of laterality of the cerebellar activation correlated
      significantly with the laterality of the frontal activation. We suggest that the
      developing brain reacts to early focal lesions in the left hemisphere with a
      mirror-image organization of the entire cerebro-cerebellar network engaged in
      speech production.

PMID- 18158180
TI  - 4-Hydroxynonenal-protein adducts: A reliable biomarker of lipid oxidation in
      liver diseases.
AB  - The aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) is a major end-product of peroxidation of
      membrane n-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids. Primary reactants for HNE are the amino
      acids cysteine, histidine and lysine, and quantitatively, proteins and peptides
      represent the most important group of HNE-targeted biomolecules. HNE-protein
      adducts actually elude the metabolism of the aldehyde, particularly active in the
      liver, so that they can be easily detected in the hepatic tissue itself and in
      peripheral blood, and quantified by using immunoassays. Since consistently
      detectable in various liver disease processes and well related to the intensity
      of necro-inflammation, HNE-protein adducts may be considered a particularly good
      marker of lipid oxidation during liver injury. In addition, the demonstrated
      adduction reaction of HNE with important signalling proteins strongly suggests a
      pathogenetic role for this lipid aldehyde in the progression of liver diseases.

PMID- 18158179
TI  - How left inferior frontal cortex participates in syntactic processing: Evidence
      from aphasia.
AB  - We report on three experiments that provide a real-time processing perspective on
      the poor comprehension of Broca's aphasic patients for non-canonically structured
      sentences. In the first experiment we presented sentences (via a Cross Modal
      Lexical Priming (CMLP) paradigm) to Broca's patients at a normal rate of speech.
      Unlike the pattern found with unimpaired control participants, we observed a
      general slowing of lexical activation and a concomitant delay in the formation of
      syntactic dependencies involving "moved" constituents and empty elements. Our
      second experiment presented these same sentences at a slower rate of speech. In
      this circumstance, Broca's patients formed syntactic dependencies as soon as they
      were structurally licensed (again, a different pattern from that demonstrated by
      the unimpaired control group). The third experiment used a sentence-picture
      matching paradigm to chart Broca's comprehension for non-canonically structured
      sentences (presented at both normal and slow rates). Here we observed
      significantly better scores in the slow rate condition. We discuss these findings
      in terms of the functional commitment of the left anterior cortical region
      implicated in Broca's aphasia and conclude that this region is crucially involved
      in the formation of syntactically-governed dependency relations, not because it
      supports knowledge of syntactic dependencies, but rather because it supports the
      real-time implementation of these specific representations by sustaining, at the
      least, a lexical activation rise-time parameter.

PMID- 18158181
TI  - Benthic infaunal communities around two artificial reefs in Mamala Bay, Oahu,
      Hawaii.
AB  - Non-fishery use of artificial reefs has been given attention in recent years. The
      primary concern associated with non-fishery artificial reefs is their effects to
      the surrounding ecosystems. This study examined the infaunal communities around
      two non-fishery artificial reefs (the sunken vessels YO257 and Sea Tiger) in
      Mamala Bay, Hawaii. Infaunal community structures at these artificial reefs were
      relatively similar to one at a nearly natural patch reef. A large amount of
      basalt gravel around YO257 associated with its deployment operation possibly had
      an effect on the surrounding community by increasing pore space. Polychaete
      assemblages were compared with existing data throughout the bay, and this
      revealed that the variation in sediment grain sizes and depths seemed to play
      some role in structuring the polychaete communities. Nevertheless, the infaunal
      communities around the artificial reefs were typical and within the range of
      natural variation in Mamala Bay, supporting their beneficial uses in ecotourism.

PMID- 18158183
TI  - Cellular localization of placenta-specific human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)
      transcripts and their possible implication in pregnancy-induced hypertension.
AB  - We previously investigated tissue specificity and temporal changes in expression
      of five human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), including syncytin/ERVWE1 and
      syncytin 2. In the current study, we examined the cellular localization and
      quantified the transcripts of five HERVs, syncytin, syncytin 2, HERV-H7/F(XA34),
      HERV-Fb1, and HERV-HML6-c14, in order to elucidate their physiological and
      etiological roles in the placenta and in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH),
      respectively. In situ hybridization revealed trophoblast-specific transcription
      of all five HERVs. Consistent with a previous immunohistochemical analysis,
      syncytin 2 transcripts were detected only in cytotrophoblasts. All the HERVs
      except HERV-HML6-c14 (HML6-c14) were predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of
      syncytiotrophoblasts and/or cytotrophoblasts. Quantitative analysis showed that
      transcriptional levels of these four HERVs were lower in placentas obtained from
      pregnant women with PIH (n=22) than in those from normotensive pregnant women
      (n=87) and that the differences were statistically significant (p=0.001, 0.01,
      <0.001, and 0.04 for syncytin, syncytin 2, HERV-H7/F(XA34), and HERV-Fb1,
      respectively). In contrast to the other HERVs, HML6-c14 transcripts localized to
      the nucleus and the average transcriptional level of HML6-c14 was higher in PIH
      placentas than in control placentas from normotensive pregnant women, although
      the differences did not reach significance (p=0.19). These results suggest that
      placenta-specific HERVs may have some function in the human placenta and that
      their reduced expression in PIH placentas is not merely a secondary effect
      derived from the pathology of PIH placentas.

PMID- 18158182
TI  - Synthesis, characterization and chondroprotective properties of a hyaluronan
      thioethyl ether derivative.
AB  - Hyaluronan (HA), a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is widely used in the clinic
      for viscosurgery, viscosupplementation, and treatment of osteoarthritis. Four
      decades of chemical modifications of HA have generated derivatives in which the
      biophysical and biochemical properties, as well as the rates of enzymatic
      degradation in vivo have been manipulated and tailored for specific clinical
      needs. One earlier modification adds multiple thiol groups to HA through
      hydrazide linkages, leading to a readily crosslinkable material for adhesion
      prevention and wound healing. We now describe the synthesis and chemical
      characterization of a novel thioethyl ether derivative of HA, HA-sulfhydryl
      (HASH), with a minimal tether between the HA and the thiol group. Unlike earlier
      thiol-modified HA derivatives, HASH cannot be readily crosslinked to form a
      hydrogel using either oxidative or bivalent electrophilic conditions, thus
      offering a unique polymeric polythiol that remains soluble. Moreover, HASH showed
      no cytotoxicity towards primary human fibroblasts and reduced the apoptosis rates
      of primary chondrocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide in vitro. These properties
      foreshadow the clinical potential of HASH to moderate inflammation and to act as
      a chondroprotective agent in vivo.

PMID- 18158184
TI  - Judgments of culpability in a filicide scenario.
AB  - Previous research has indicated that potential jurors are likely to use personal
      biases, such as those based on gender and ethnicity, in their judgments of
      culpability of criminal defendants in addition to, or instead of, the facts of
      the crime. The present paper seeks to extend this literature to the crime of
      filicide; to examine whether male defendants are judged more harshly than female
      defendants, as is the case for domestic violence and sexual abuse. 214
      participants were provided with a scenario of filicide in which the gender of the
      perpetrator, the gender of the child, and the family's social class were randomly
      assigned. Participants were asked to rate the culpability of the defendant in the
      case. Results indicated that, unlike for other violent crimes, participants did
      not use gender or social class biases in their judgments of criminal culpability.

PMID- 18158185
TI  - A sensitive method for examining whole-cell biochemical composition in single
      cells of filamentous fungi using synchrotron FTIR spectromicroscopy.
AB  - Cell function is related to cell composition. The asexual state of filamentous
      fungi (molds and mildews) has two main life cycle stages: vegetative hyphae for
      substrate colonization and nutrient acquisition, and asexual spores for survival
      and dispersal. Hyphal composition changes over a few tens of microns during
      growth and maturation; spores are different from hyphae. Most biochemical
      analyses are restricted to studying a few components at high spatial resolution
      (e.g. histochemistry) or many compounds at low spatial resolution (e.g. GC-MS).
      Synchrotron FTIR spectromicroscopy can be used to study fungal cell biology by
      fingerprinting varieties of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids at about 6 microm
      spatial resolution. FTIR can distinguish fungal species and changes during hyphal
      growth, and reveals that even fungi grown under optimal vs mildly stressed
      conditions exhibit dramatic biochemical changes without obvious morphological
      effects. Here we compare hypha and spore composition of two fungi, Neurospora and
      Rhizopus. There are clear biochemical changes when Neurospora hyphae commit to
      spore development, during spore maturation and following germination, many of
      which are consistent with results from molecular genetics, but have not been
      shown before at high spatial resolution. Rhizopus spores develop within a fluid
      containing sporangium that becomes dry at maturity. Rhizopus spores had similar
      protein content and significantly more carbohydrate than the sporangial fluid,
      both of which are novel findings.

PMID- 18158187
TI  - Phones during consultation.

PMID- 18158186
TI  - Vascular endothelial growth factor as a marker of disease activity in
      neurotuberculosis.
AB  - Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenesis mediator.
      Scant reports are available defining the role of VEGF in active and inactive
      tubercular meningitis (TBM) with no studies on brain tuberculoma. We quantified
      VEGF levels by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and
      serum in 20 cases each with active and inactive TBM as well as 22 cases of
      intraparenchymal tuberculoma. VEGF expression and microvessel angiogenesis
      quantification was done in 7 cases where tuberculomas were excised. Significantly
      increased VEGF levels in CSF were found in active TBM cases (106.0+/-50.0 pg/ml)
      compared to inactive TBM cases (14.7+/-10.0 pg/ml) (p<0.001). Mean serum VEGF
      levels in active TBM, inactive TBM and tuberculoma were 694.93+/-820.66 pg/ml,
      499.61+/-238.33 pg/ml and 541.0+/-389.0 pg/ml, respectively. Immunohistochemical
      staining of excised tuberculoma demonstrated high expression of VEGF in
      granulomatous areas with intense positivity in inflammatory mononuclear cells,
      Langhan's giant cells as well as reactive astrocytes and fibrocytes. A strong
      positive correlation was observed between microvessel density and VEGF
      expression. Serial decrease in serum VEGF levels was observed with increasing
      duration of therapy in tuberculoma. We conclude that increased CSF and serum VEGF
      levels are a measure of activity of the disease in neurotuberculosis and its
      gradual decrease over a period of time is probably an indicator of therapeutic
      response.

PMID- 18158188
TI  - Coronary collaterals: the role of MCP-1 during the early phase of acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The collateral growth (arteriogenesis) of an individual may vary from
      complete to absent during the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
      However, the mechanisms underlying the large differences in the extent and
      adequacy of collateralization remain unclear. We hypothesized that shear stress
      induced activation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 could potently
      contribute to the development of coronary collaterals during the early phase of
      AMI. METHODS: We enrolled forty patients with AMI who did not receive reperfusion
      therapy within 24 h after the onset of chest pain and who also underwent coronary
      angiography (CAG) from 1 to 7 days after admission (mean duration: 3.6+/-2.2
      days). The grades of the collateral development were angiographically defined and
      grouped according to the grade of collaterals as absent (score 0, n=20) or well
      developed (score 2, n=20) collateral circulation. The plasma concentrations of
      vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endostatin, monocyte chemoattractant
      protein-1 (MCP-1), and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) were assessed by
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and then these values were compared between the
      two groups. RESULTS: There were no differences in the demographic and
      angiographic characteristics except for the number of total occlusion in culprit
      lesion. The plasma MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in the group with well
      developed collateral circulation compared to the group with absent collateral
      circulation (262+/-216 vs. 151+/-88 pg/ml, respectively, p=0.043). However, the
      plasma levels of VEGF, endostatin and SDF-1 were not different on comparisons
      between the groups (VEGF; 369+/-377 vs. 324+/-363 pg/ml, endostatin; 1.74+/-1.71
      vs. 1.49+/-1.15 ng/ml, SDF-1; 1806+/-508 vs. 2091+/-772 pg/ml, respectively).
      CONCLUSION: During the early phase of AMI, the plasma levels of MCP-1 were
      significantly increased in the patients with well-developed collateral
      circulation as compared to those patients with absent collateral circulation.
      These findings suggested that the shear stress-induced overexpression of MCP-1
      contributes significantly to the development of coronary collaterals during the
      early phase of AMI.

PMID- 18158189
TI  - Relationship between mitral annular calcification and renal impairment: what is
      the link?

PMID- 18158190
TI  - Retraction of "Xue SR. Xue Y. Xue R. Carvedilol restore cardiac calcium release
      channel structure and function in heart failure. Int. J Cardiology. 116(2):231-5,
      2007" containing plagiarised material.

PMID- 18158191
TI  - Prevalence and treatment of proximal left subclavian artery stenosis in patients
      referred for coronary artery bypass surgery.
AB  - The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) is currently used in most coronary artery
      bypass graft (CABG) surgeries due to excellent long-term patency. Left subclavian
      artery stenosis (SAS) proximal to the LIMA origin can cause a steal syndrome
      leading to myocardial ischemia or LIMA failure. We retrospectively evaluated the
      records of 608 consecutive patients referred for CABG at our institution between
      October 1, 2004 and October 1, 2006 and identified 226 patients (37%) who
      underwent left subclavian angiography immediately after diagnostic coronary
      angiography. Significant left SAS was found in 6 of those 226 patients (2.7%).
      Subclavian angiography did not result in any complications. All left SAS lesions
      were successfully stented, followed by CABG surgery (using the LIMA artery) after
      22+/-7 days. Left subclavian angiography in patients referred for coronary artery
      bypass surgery has low risk and may identify a small proportion of patients with
      significant proximal left SAS. Stenting of proximal left SAS can be accomplished
      before CABG with low risk and excellent short-term outcomes.

PMID- 18158192
TI  - Overweight among rural girls in Iran: a terrifying prospects of cardiometabolic
      disorders.
AB  - This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among
      Iranian adolescent girls 14-17 year old in rural areas in Guilan province in
      2006. A multistage sampling method was used and 1036 randomly selected school
      girls were studied in rural areas in Guilan-Iran. Data on age and mother's years
      of schooling were collected using questionnaire and body weight and height were
      measured. These results showed that the overall prevalence of overweight and
      obesity in this population was 18.6% and 5.2%, respectively. Results of logistic
      regression analysis showed that the risk of overweight was higher in the lower
      age group (OR=2.5, 95% CI 0.16-3.3). In this study, overweight was more common in
      girls with more educated mothers than the girls with less educated mothers (30.0%
      vs. 20.3% P=0.0001). In conclusion, these data indicated that overweight is
      highly prevalent among the rural adolescent girls and the rate is exceeding those
      reported in urban residents.

PMID- 18158193
TI  - In normal human fibroblasts variation in DSB repair capacity cannot be ascribed
      to radiation-induced changes in the localisation, expression or activity of major
      NHEJ proteins.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to test whether for
      normal human fibroblasts the variation in double-strand break (DSB) repair
      capacity results from radiation-induced differences in localisation, expression
      or activity of major non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) proteins. MATERIALS AND
      METHODS: Experiments were performed with 11 normal human fibroblast strains AF01
      11. NHEJ proteins were determined by Western blot and DNA-PK activity by pulldown
      assay. RESULTS: The four NHEJ proteins tested (Ku70, Ku80, XRCC4 and DNA-PKcs)
      were found to be localised almost exclusively in the nucleus with no detectable
      amount in the cytoplasm. This distribution was not altered upon irradiation. In
      non-irradiated cells the level of these proteins varied with a CV ranging between
      16% and 20%, but there was no correlation with the respective cellular DSB repair
      capacity. Irradiation (3.5 and 15 Gy) did not alter the expression of these
      proteins and there was also no change in the DNA-PK activity. These results
      indicate that the variation in DSB repair capacity determined for these
      fibroblasts can be ascribed to differences neither in the localisation or
      expression of Ku70, Ku80 and XRCC4 nor in the activity of the DNA-PK complex
      induced upon irradiation. CONCLUSIONS: For normal human fibroblasts, the level or
      activity of NHEJ proteins measured prior to or after irradiation cannot be used
      to predict the DSB repair capacity or cellular radiosensitivity.

PMID- 18158194
TI  - Antiproton radiotherapy.
AB  - Antiprotons are interesting as a possible future modality in radiation therapy
      for the following reasons: When fast antiprotons penetrate matter, protons and
      antiprotons have near identical stopping powers and exhibit equal radiobiology
      well before the Bragg-peak. But when the antiprotons come to rest at the Bragg
      peak, they annihilate, releasing almost 2 GeV per antiproton-proton annihilation.
      Most of this energy is carried away by energetic pions, but the Bragg-peak of the
      antiprotons is still locally augmented with approximately 20-30 MeV per
      antiproton. Apart from the gain in physical dose, an increased relative
      biological effect also has been observed, which can be explained by the fact that
      some of the secondary particles from the antiproton annihilation exhibit high-LET
      properties. Finally, the weakly interacting energetic pions, which are leaving
      the target volume, may provide a real time feedback on the exact location of the
      annihilation peak. We have performed dosimetry experiments and investigated the
      radiobiological properties using the antiproton beam available at CERN, Geneva.
      Dosimetry experiments were carried out with ionization chambers, alanine pellets
      and radiochromic film. Radiobiological experiments were done with V79 WNRE
      Chinese hamster cells. The radiobiological experiments were repeated with protons
      and carbon ions at TRIUMF and GSI, respectively, for comparison. Several Monte
      Carlo particle transport codes were investigated and compared with our
      experimental data obtained at CERN. The code that matched our data best was used
      to generate a set of depth dose data at several energies, including secondary
      particle-energy spectra. This can be used as base data for a treatment planning
      software such as TRiP. Our findings from the CERN experiments indicate that the
      biological effect of antiprotons in the plateau region may be reduced by a factor
      of 4 for the same biological target dose in a spread-out Bragg-peak, when
      comparing with protons. The extension of TRiP to handle antiproton beams is
      currently in progress. This will enable us to perform planning studies, where the
      potential clinical consequences can be examined, and compared to those of other
      beam modalities such as protons, carbon ions, or IMRT photons.

PMID- 18158195
TI  - Chronic toxicity risk after radiotherapy for patients with systemic sclerosis
      (systemic scleroderma) or systemic lupus erythematosus: association with
      connective tissue disorder severity.
AB  - No method reliably identifies which patients with connective tissue disorders are
      at greatest risk of radiotherapy-related complications. Building on our prior
      experience, we postulated that disease severity, as measured by the number of
      organ systems involved, may predict chronic radiation toxicity risk.

PMID- 18158196
TI  - Detection of Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 and O26 in food by plating
      methods and LAMP method: a collaborative study.
AB  - In order to establish a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of
      Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 and O26, a collaborative study was conducted
      focusing on a comparison of the efficiency of loop-mediated amplification (LAMP)
      assay targeting the Verocytotoxin (also called Shiga toxin) gene, utilizing a
      direct plating method and a plating method with immunomagnetic separation (IMS
      plating method) using various agar media. In combination with enrichment with the
      modified EC supplemented with novobiocin, E. coli O157 was detected in most
      samples of ground beef and alfalfa sprouts by LAMP assay, the direct plating
      method and the IMS-plating method. E. coli O26 was detected in approximately 100%
      of the food samples by LAMP assay. However, the IMS-plating and direct plating
      methods recovered 80 and 50% in ground beef samples, respectively. As a result,
      it was demonstrated the LAMP assay is superior to the IMS-plating method. Based
      on these results, it appears LAMP assay is effective as a screening assay to
      detect E. coli O157 and O26 from positive samples.

PMID- 18158197
TI  - Expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase and thermostable direct hemolysin
      by, and growth in the presence of various nitrogen and carbon sources of heat
      shocked and ethanol-shocked Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
AB  - Vibrio parahaemolyticus 690 was subjected either to heat shock at 42 degrees C or
      ethanol shock in the presence of 5% ethanol. The effects of those shocks on
      superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and thermostable direct
      hemolysin (TDH) production were examined. In addition, the growth behaviors of
      the stressed and unstressed cells of V. parahaemolyticus in the presence of
      various nitrogen and carbon sources were compared. Both heat shock and ethanol
      shock reduced the levels of SOD and CAT activities in V. parahaemolyticus. Gel
      activity staining assay failed to detect the expression of CAT, while one SOD
      enzyme with an electrophoretic mobility greater than the [Mn]SOD and [Fe]SOD of
      Escherichia coli was detected in the unstressed, heat-shocked and ethanol-shocked
      cells of V. parahaemolyticus. Heat shock for 15-60 min and ethanol shock for 45
      60 min were found to enhance the synthesis of TDH. Ethanol-shocked and unstressed
      cells of V. parahaemolyticus grew similarly and produced similar amounts of TDH
      when they were grown in TSB-3% NaCl, but slower growth and less production of TDH
      occurred with heat-shocked cells until after 200 min of cultivation. The growth
      rate and maximum growth of the unstressed, heat-shocked and ethanol-shocked cells
      varied with the nitrogen and carbon sources used. With the same nitrogen or
      carbon source, the growth patterns of the ethanol-shocked and unstressed cells
      were similar while the heat-shocked cells exhibited an extended lag period.

PMID- 18158198
TI  - Effects of extracellular calcium on cell membrane resealing in sonoporation.
AB  - Sonoporation has been exploited as a promising strategy for intracellular drug
      and gene delivery. The technique uses ultrasound to generate pores on the cell
      membrane to allow entry of extracellular agents into the cell. Resealing of these
      non-specific pores is a key factor determining both the uptake and post
      ultrasound cell survival. This study examined the effects of extracellular Ca(2+)
      on membrane resealing in sonoporation, using Xenopus oocytes as a model system.
      The cells were exposed to tone burst ultrasound (1.06 MHz, duration 0.2 s,
      acoustic pressure 0.3 MPa) in the presence of 0.1% Definity at various
      extracellular [Ca(2+)] (0-3 mM). Sonoporation inception and resealing in a single
      cell were monitored in real time via the transmembrane current of the cell under
      voltage clamp. The time-resolved measurements of transmembrane current revealed
      the involvement of two or more Ca(2+) related processes with different rate
      constants and characteristics. Rapid resealing occurred immediately after
      ultrasound application followed by a much slower resealing process. Complete
      resealing required [Ca(2+)] above 0.54 mM. The cells resealed in 6-26 s at 1.8 mM
      Ca(2+), but took longer at lower concentrations, up to 58-170 s at 0.54 mM
      Ca(2+).

PMID- 18158199
TI  - Betamethasone oral mini-pulse therapy compared with topical triamcinolone
      acetonide (0.1%) paste in oral lichen planus: A randomized comparative study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Betamethasone oral mini-pulse (OMP) therapy has been used effectively
      and safely in vitiligo, alopecia areata, and lichen planus. OBJECTIVE: We sought
      to evaluate the efficacy and safety of betamethasone OMP in patients with
      symptomatic moderate to severe oral lichen planus and to compare it with topical
      triamcinolone acetonide. METHODS: In all, 49 patients with moderate to severe
      oral lichen planus were randomly allocated to receive either OMP comprising 5 mg
      of betamethasone orally on 2 consecutive days per week (group A) or triamcinolone
      acetonide (0.1%) paste application thrice daily (group B), for 3 months followed
      by stepwise tapering during the next 3 months. Treatment response was assessed by
      the change in the score, which was based on the number of sites involved and the
      area affected. The changes in the symptoms and side effects were also recorded.
      Patients were followed up after treatment for 3 months to look for relapse.
      RESULTS: In all, 23 of 25 patients in group A and 23 of 24 patients in group B
      completed the study. Good to excellent response was seen in 17 of 25 (68.0%)
      patients in group A as compared with 16 of 24 (66.0%) in group B at 6 months.
      Symptom-free state was achieved in 13 of 25 (52%) patients in group A and 12 of
      24 (50%) in group B. The difference in the mean scores within each group was
      statistically significant from the fourth week onward in group A and eighth week
      onward in group B, whereas in patients with erosive disease it was second and
      twelfth week onward, respectively. The difference in the treatment response
      between the two groups was statistically significant only at week 24 when
      reduction in severity score was more in triamcinolone group. Side effects were
      seen in 14 (56%) patients in group A and 6 (25%) patients in group B, which were
      mild and reversible. Relapse occurred in 9 of 23 (39.1%) patients in group A
      after 13.78 +/- 6.96 weeks as compared with 5 of 23 (21.7%) in group B after
      19.20 +/- 1.79 weeks. LIMITATIONS: The study was not blinded and the change in
      the quality of life with treatment was not measured. CONCLUSIONS: Betamethasone
      OMP improves the clinical outcome in patients with moderate to severe oral lichen
      planus. When compared with topical triamcinolone acetonide it is equally
      effective but the response is earlier, especially in erosive disease. It may be a
      useful and convenient alternative either as a monotherapy or to achieve rapid
      symptomatic relief during periods of exacerbations.

PMID- 18158200
TI  - Angiotensin II--AT1 receptor antagonists: design, synthesis and evaluation of
      substituted carboxamido benzimidazole derivatives.
AB  - A series of 5-(alkyl and aryl)carboxamido benzimidazole derivatives had been
      designed, synthesized and evaluated for in vitro angiotensin II--AT1 receptor
      antagonism and in vivo antihypertensive activities. The pharmacological
      activities were inversely related to the size of alkyl and aryl substituents. It
      can be suggested that compounds with lower alkyl groups at 5-position of
      benzimidazole nucleus demonstrated potent antihypertensive activity.

PMID- 18158201
TI  - QSAR modeling of the interaction of flavonoids with GABA(A) receptor.
AB  - Experimentally assigned values to binding affinity constants of flavonoid ligands
      towards the benzodiazepine site of the GABA(A) receptor complex were compiled
      from several publications, and enabled to perform a predictive analysis based on
      Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR). The best linear model
      established on 78 molecular structures incorporated four molecular descriptors,
      selected from more than a thousand of geometrical, topological, quantum
      mechanical and electronic types of descriptors and calculated by Dragon software.
      An application of this QSAR equation was performed by estimating the binding
      affinities for some newly synthesized flavonoids displaying 2-,7-substitutions in
      the benzopyrane backbone which still do not have experimentally measured
      potencies.

PMID- 18158202
TI  - Distribution pathways of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in a soil-plant-air
      system. A case study with Cynara scolymus L. and Erica sp. plants grown in a
      contaminated site.
AB  - This study focuses on the main routes of distribution and accumulation of
      different hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (mainly alpha-, beta-, gamma- and
      delta-HCH) in a soil-plant-air system. A field assay was carried out with two
      plant species, Cynara scolymus L. and Erica sp., which were planted either: (i)
      directly in the HCH-contaminated soil; or (ii) in pots filled with uncontaminated
      soil, which were placed in the HCH-contaminated soil. Both plant species
      accumulated HCH in their tissues, with relatively higher accumulation in above
      ground biomass than in roots. The beta-HCH isomer was the main isomer in all
      plant tissues. Adsorption of HCH by the roots from contaminated soil (soil-->root
      pathway) and adsorption through the aerial biomass from either the surrounding
      air, following volatilization of the contaminant (soil-->air-->shoot pathway),
      and/or contact with air-suspended particles contaminated with HCH (soil particles
      ->shoot pathway) were the main mechanisms of accumulation. These results may have
      important implications for the use of plants for reducing the transfer of
      contaminants via the atmosphere.

PMID- 18158204
TI  - The impact of eutrophication on the biogeochemical cycling of mercury species in
      a reservoir: a case study from Hongfeng Reservoir, Guizhou, China.
AB  - The mercury distribution and speciation in the water column were investigated
      from November 2003 to September 2004. The distribution and concentrations of
      total mercury (THg) and particulate mercury (PHg) showed that algae had a large
      capacity to bind mercury in late spring (e.g. in May). It is shown that dissolved
      gaseous mercury (DGM) concentrations may also be affected by algae activities.
      The MeHg profile in the water column at a highly eutrophied site in Hongfeng
      Reservoir demonstrated that most of the MeHg was produced in the hypolimnion,
      whereas the MeHg profile pattern at another site with less eutrophication
      indicated that MeHg in water was largely ascribed to release from sediment. In
      September, the outflow of the reservoir was enriched with MeHg, which was 5.5
      times higher than that in the inflows. The discharge of MeHg-concentrated water
      from the anoxic hypolimnion in the reservoir may pose a risk to downstream fauna.

PMID- 18158203
TI  - Influence of tidal regime on the distribution of trace metals in a contaminated
      tidal freshwater marsh soil colonized with common reed (Phragmites australis).
AB  - A historical input of trace metals into tidal marshes fringing the river Scheldt
      may be a cause for concern. Nevertheless, the specific physicochemical form,
      rather than the total concentration, determines the ecotoxicological risk of
      metals in the soil. In this study the effect of tidal regime on the distribution
      of trace metals in different compartments of the soil was investigated. As, Cd,
      Cu and Zn concentrations in sediment, pore water and in roots were determined
      along a depth profile. Total sediment metal concentrations were similar at
      different sites, reflecting pollution history. Pore water metal concentrations
      were generally higher under less flooded conditions (mean is (2.32+/-0.08)x10(-3)
      mg Cd L(-1) and (1.53+/-0.03) x 10(-3) mg Cd L(-1)). Metal concentrations
      associated with roots (mean is 202.47+/-2.83 mg Cd kg(-1) and 69.39+/-0.99 mg Cd
      kg(-1)) were up to 10 times higher than sediment (mean is 20.48+/-0.19 mg Cd kg(
      1) and 20.42+/-0.21 mg Cd kg(-1)) metal concentrations and higher under dryer
      conditions. Despite high metal concentrations associated with roots, the major
      part of the metals in the marsh soil is still associated with the sediment as the
      overall biomass of roots is small compared to the sediment.

PMID- 18158205
TI  - Entrepreneurial ventures and whole-body donations: a regional perspective from
      the United States.
AB  - Human cadavers are crucial to medical science. While the debate on how to secure
      sufficient cadavers has focused primarily on donors' behaviors, procuring
      organizations' roles in increasing donations remain less explored. The United
      States offers a unique setting in which to examine this question since
      entrepreneurial ventures supplying cadavers for medical science have recently
      emerged alongside traditional academic-housed programs, raising both hopes and
      fears about their impact on whole-body donations. To assess their potential
      impact, an archival survey of voluntary, in-state whole-body donors to two
      programs procuring in the same U.S. state was conducted. The programs' specimen
      recipients were also analyzed. One program is academic-housed and the other is an
      entrepreneurial venture. Both offered equal levels of financial support to
      donating parties. Eighty donations and 120 specimen shipping invoices from 2005
      were analyzed in each program. Donations to the two programs did not
      significantly differ in terms of donors' sex, marital status, maximum educational
      level, and estimated hourly wage. The entrepreneurial venture's donors were,
      however, significantly younger, more likely to be from a minority group, and more
      likely to have died from cancer. For-profit organizations, continuing medical
      training organizations, and medical device companies were more likely recipients
      of the entrepreneurial venture's specimens. Non-profit and academic organizations
      were more likely recipients of the academic-housed program's specimens. These
      findings suggest that although the programs procured from a somewhat similar pool
      of donors, they also complemented one another. The entrepreneurial program
      procured donations that the academic-housed program often did not attract.
      Specimen recipients' distinct demands partly explain these procurement behaviors.
      Thus, organizational efforts to meet demands seem to shape the supply. Examining
      organizations alongside donors might provide new answers to secure donations.

PMID- 18158206
TI  - Social capital and health and well-being in East Asia: a population-based study.
AB  - How individual-level social capital relates to adult health and well-being was
      examined using data from a cross-sectional interview survey in East Asia (Japan,
      South Korea, Singapore, five areas in Mainland China, and Taiwan) in 2002-2004.
      The number of self-reported somatic symptoms, subjective health satisfaction,
      life satisfaction and social capital indicators, as well as socio-economic status
      (SES), were analyzed by a logistic regression model. Adjusting for SES, social
      capital measured by belonging to organizations and weakness in "norms of
      reciprocity" were related to a greater number of self-reported somatic symptoms
      (p<0.001 for both). Lack of trust in organizations (p<0.001) and of a person to
      consult (p=0.012) were related to poor health satisfaction. Lower "interpersonal
      trust" (p=0.016), weakness in "norms of reciprocity" (p<0.001) and lack of trust
      in organizations (p<0.001) were related to poor life satisfaction. Gender
      inequality was observed across countries, but the relationships varied according
      to the health indicator. Specifically, self-reported somatic symptoms were more
      numerous and health satisfaction was worse in women (p<0.001), but life
      satisfaction was worse in men (p=0.017). The analyses provide evidence that
      dimensions of social capital are positively associated with self-reported somatic
      symptoms and overall well-being in East Asian countries.

PMID- 18158207
TI  - Status relations in school and their relevance for health in a life course
      perspective: findings from the Aberdeen children of the 1950's cohort study.
AB  - In the class room a hierarchical structure of social relations typically develops
      in which the child's position is a marker of the view of the others, i.e. the
      extent to which he or she is an accepted and valued member of the group. The
      status distribution in the school class is likely to correspond to differences in
      personal characteristics, including behaviours and competencies, and to generate
      a differential distribution of perceived expectations, treatment, resources and
      emotions. We argue that these phenomena constitute parts in a developmental
      process which, through mediators such as self-view and subsequent life choices,
      may affect adult health. The purpose of this paper is to study whether and how
      peer status is associated with self-reported health in mid-life. Data was derived
      from a cohort study of individuals born in Aberdeen, Scotland, between 1950 and
      1956. We use information about childhood circumstances, including peer status
      nominations, collected in the early 1960s, and information about adult
      circumstances derived from a postal questionnaire carried out among more than
      6,000 individuals in 2001-2003. Multivariate analyses yielded a graded
      association between peer status and adult health problems in the form of limiting
      longstanding illness and less than good self-rated health. These associations
      could not be explained by socioeconomic circumstances or differences in
      individual behaviour and cognitive score in childhood. It was rather subsequent
      socioeconomic career that seemed to explain the association found among men. For
      women, a significant association remained, suggesting alternative pathways or
      mechanisms.

PMID- 18158208
TI  - Trajectories of functional health: the 'long arm' of childhood health and
      socioeconomic factors.
AB  - Few studies have specifically examined trajectories of functional health status
      or estimated the extent to which they are influenced by childhood health and
      socioeconomic conditions. This study examines how circumstances associated with
      early life may shape the level and progression of functional limitations among
      adults at or near retirement. Employing data from the US Health and Retirement
      Study (HRS), it estimates latent growth curve models (LGM) of functional
      limitation. The results demonstrate that functional health trajectories in old
      age continue to be shaped by childhood health and socioeconomic circumstances.
      Poor childhood health and disadvantaged social origins are associated with both
      more functional limitations at baseline and higher rates of increase over time.
      This association is net of baseline adult chronic disease and socioeconomic
      status. While both childhood and adult factors influence the baseline level of
      functional limitation, only childhood health and socioeconomic status are
      associated with the rate of change in limitations over time.

PMID- 18158209
TI  - Individual-level analysis of social capital and health: a comparison of Arab and
      Jewish Israelis.
AB  - Discrepancies exist in existing research regarding the association between social
      capital and self-rated health, most of which has been undertaken in the developed
      world. The aim of this study is first to assess the levels of the various
      variables describing individual social capital in Jews and Arab residing in
      Israel, and second to assess the association between individual social capital
      and self-rated health in these two population groups. The data were obtained from
      an Israeli health interview survey (knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP))
      conducted during 2004-2005, which is based on 3,365 interviews with adult Jews
      and 985 adult Arabs. Social capital measures included social trust, neighborhood
      safety, perceived helpfulness, trust in local and national authorities and social
      support. Data were also obtained on self-rated health and socioeconomic and
      demographic variables. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that Jews
      reported higher levels of social trust, perceived helpfulness, trust in
      authorities, and social support compared to Arabs, after adjusting for
      demographic and socioeconomic variables. Social contacts, however, were reported
      more frequently in the Arab population. Neighborhood safety was similar in the
      two population groups. Among Jews, those reporting higher levels of individual
      social capital reported better self-rated health after adjusting for demographic
      and socioeconomic variables. Among Arabs, only those reporting higher levels of
      social support reported better self-rated health. In Israel, individual levels of
      social capital seem to be lower in the Arab minority than in the Jewish majority.
      Individual social capital was associated with better self-rated health mainly in
      the Jewish population and less so in the Arab population. Social capital factors
      may be associated with health to a higher extent in affluent populations with
      relatively high social capital and less so in low social capital and more
      traditional communities. More research is needed to verify these differences.

PMID- 18158210
TI  - The Chinese health care regulatory institutions in an era of transition.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of Chinese
      health care regulation in an era of transition. It describes the major health
      care regulatory institutions operating currently in China and analyzes the
      underlying factors. The paper argues that in the transition from a planned to a
      market economy, the Chinese government has been employing a hybrid approach where
      both old and new institutions have a role in the management of emerging markets,
      including the health care market. This approach is consistent with the
      incremental reform strategy adopted by the Party-state. Although a health care
      regulatory framework has gradually taken shape, the framework is incomplete, with
      a particular lack of emphasis on professional self-regulation. In addition, its
      effectiveness is limited despite the existence of many regulatory institutions.
      In poor rural areas, the effectiveness of the regulatory framework is further
      undermined or distorted by the extremely difficult financial position that local
      governments find themselves in. The interpretations of the principle of 'rule of
      law' by policy makers and officials at different levels and the widespread
      informal network of relations between known individuals (Guanxi) play an
      important role in the operation of the regulatory framework. The findings of this
      paper reveal the complex nature of regulating health care in transitional China.

PMID- 18158211
TI  - Paradoxes and asymmetries of transnational networks: a comparative case study of
      Mexico's community-based AIDS organizations.
AB  - This article examines whether transnational networks reconfigure state-civil
      society relationships in ways that lead to civil society empowerment and
      increased organizational capacity to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Mexico.
      Using a comparative case study, I identify the types of transnational networks
      and exchanges that both help and hinder community-based HIV/AIDS organizations
      (CBOs) that provide AIDS prevention and treatment services in Tijuana and Mexico
      City. Data derive from over 50 formal interviews, organizational documents and
      archival records, and observation. I argue that the form and function of
      transnational networks is shaped by the geo-political context of local
      organizational fields and that, in turn, transnational networks provide
      innovative opportunities for civil society-state partnerships that favor some
      local organizations over others. Ultimately, I take apart the prevailing
      assumption that transnational networks are inherently good, and show how they can
      (re)produce inter-organizational stratification at the local level. The
      conclusions of this research are helpful to international health practitioners
      and social scientists seeking to understand how civil society's participation in
      transnational networks can both challenge and reproduce existing community-state
      power regimes and health inequities.

PMID- 18158212
TI  - Planning for end of life care within lay-led chronic illness self-management
      training: the significance of 'death awareness' and biographical context in
      participant accounts.
AB  - UK health policy dictates that Advance Care Planning (ACP), including the use of
      living wills, promotes choice and quality regarding end of life care for those
      with chronic and life-threatening conditions and it has been incorporated in self
      management training. This paper reports a qualitative evaluation based on in
      depth interviews with 31 respondents who had completed a UK-based lay-led self
      management course (The Expert Patients Programme), and 12 respondents who had
      completed the same course adapted for people who are HIV positive. We draw upon
      previous social research on 'death awareness' and the biographical context of
      illness experience and management in examining the impact of incorporating this
      subject within a self-management intervention. The analysis demonstrates that
      many participants were unprepared to face issues raised in the session with
      material represented as disrupting some aspects of illness adaptation and
      existing views about death and dying. Positioning educational material on death
      and dying alongside that on 'positive' self-management of illness highlights the
      complexities and sensitivities of planning for end of life care with implications
      for future educational interventions of this type.

PMID- 18158213
TI  - Development of a risk-based index for source water protection planning, which
      supports the reduction of pathogens from agricultural activity entering water
      resources.
AB  - Source water protection planning (SWPP) is an approach to prevent contamination
      of ground and surface water in watersheds where these resources may be abstracted
      for drinking or used for recreation. For SWPP the hazards within a watershed that
      could contribute to water contamination are identified together with the pathways
      that link them to the water resource. In rural areas, farms are significant
      potential sources of pathogens. A risk-based index can be used to support the
      assessment of the potential for contamination following guidelines on safety and
      operational efficacy of processes and practices developed as beneficial
      approaches to agricultural land management. Evaluation of the health risk for a
      target population requires knowledge of the strength of the hazard with respect
      to the pathogen load (massxconcentration). Manure handling and on-site wastewater
      treatment systems form the most important hazards, and both can comprise confined
      and unconfined source elements. There is also a need to understand the
      modification of pathogen numbers (attenuation) together with characteristics of
      the established pathways (surface or subsurface), which allow the movement of the
      contaminant species from a source to a receptor (water source). Many practices
      for manure management have not been fully evaluated for their impact on pathogen
      survival and transport in the environment. A key component is the identification
      of potential pathways of contaminant transport. This requires the development of
      a suitable digital elevation model of the watershed for surface movement and
      information on local groundwater aquifer systems for subsurface flows. Both
      require detailed soils and geological information. The pathways to surface and
      groundwater resources can then be identified. Details of land management, farm
      management practices (including animal and manure management) and agronomic
      practices have to be obtained, possibly from questionnaires completed by each
      producer within the watershed. To confirm that potential pathways are active
      requires some microbial source tracking. One possibility is to identify the
      molecular types of Escherichia coli present in each hazard on a farm. An
      essential part of any such index is the identification of mitigation strategies
      and practices that can reduce the magnitude of the hazard or block open pathways.

PMID- 18158214
TI  - Spinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor governs neuroplasticity and recovery
      from cold-hypersensitivity following dorsal rhizotomy.
AB  - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has multiple effects on tropomyosin
      related receptor kinase B--(TrkB) expressing neurons, including potentiation of
      spinal nociceptive transmission and stimulation of axon outgrowth. BDNF is
      upregulated in the spinal cord following dorsal root injury (DRI), a manipulation
      which elicits both pain and collateral sprouting. Transection of the C7 and C8
      dorsal roots (C7/8 DRI) generates cold pain in the ipsilateral forepaw which
      peaks at 10 days, and resolves within three weeks after injury. In the present
      study, we investigated the influence of chronic BDNF sequestration, by
      intrathecal delivery of TrkB-Fc, on the plasticity of nociceptive circuitry and
      resultant cold pain behaviour following spinal deafferentation. C7/8 DRI resulted
      in a pronounced deafferentation of the C7 dorsal horn and significant depletion
      of both peptidergic- and non-peptidergic nociceptive projections. While changes
      in GAP-43 expression revealed that endogenous BDNF was exerting an overall
      plasticity-promoting influence on intraspinal axons after DRI, continuous TrkB-Fc
      treatment stimulated sprouting of nociceptive terminals. DRI stimulated a BDNF
      dependent increase in the density of GABAergic interneuronal processes, as
      indicated by increased vesicular GABA transporter--(VGAT) and neuropeptide Y-
      (NPY) positive terminal densities. Finally, chronic TrkB-Fc treatment prevented
      cold pain resolution. These findings demonstrate that endogenous BDNF has both
      plasticity-promoting and plasticity-suppressing effects on the intrinsic spinal
      components of nociceptive circuitry, which are likely to underlie cold pain
      behaviour following C7/8 DRI.

PMID- 18158215
TI  - Molecular detection of Theileria sp. in ticks and naturally infected sheep.
AB  - Seven healthy sheep and 10 sheep diagnosed with piroplasmosis based on clinical
      signs were tested for the presence of babesiae and theileriae. Using the
      molecular techniques, two species of theileriae were detected and characterized.
      Theileria ovis was present mostly in healthy sheep and in Rhipicephalus ticks
      collected from infected sheep. Theileria sp. OT3 parasite was detected mostly in
      ill animals which represent additional evidence to the possible pathogenic nature
      of Theileria sp. OT3. The presence of babesiae in sheep or in ticks was not
      determined. The results of this study showed that ovine piroplasmosis due to
      Theileria is present in Southern Croatia. It was concluded that clinical
      diagnosis of ovine piroplasmosis should be confirmed by molecular analysis in
      order to identify the species of piroplasm, to select the appropriate treatment
      and to exclude the threat for public health.

PMID- 18158216
TI  - Acaricidal activity of Calea serrata (Asteraceae) on Boophilus microplus and
      Rhipicephalus sanguineus.
AB  - Calea serrata (Asteraceae) is an endemic Southern Brazilian plant species used
      for religious and medicinal purposes. Previous study revealed the presence of
      chromenes, a class of natural compounds that possess insecticidal properties.
      This study reports the effect of the hexane extract from the aerial parts of this
      plant on egg hatchability, egg production and mortality rates of newly hatched
      larvae of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Larvae of Rhipicephalus
      sanguineus, the brown dog tick, received the same treatment. The extract was
      toxic to the eggs of B. microplus and to the larvae of both B. microplus and R.
      sanguineus.

PMID- 18158217
TI  - Neospora caninum infection in Greek dairy cattle herds detected by two antibody
      assays in individual milk samples.
AB  - A survey to demonstrate the presence and the extent of Neospora caninum infection
      in dairy cattle was carried out in Greece. Seven hundred and seventy-seven (777)
      individual milk samples from all milking cows in 10 dairy herds were tested using
      an ELISA (p38-milk-ELISA) and immunoblot analysis. The herd prevalence was 80.0%
      and 100.0%, while the overall prevalence was 15.2% (ranging between 0.0% and
      38.9%) and 27.9% (ranging between 3.4% and 61.6%) based on the results of the
      ELISA and the immunoblot test, respectively. In conclusion, N. caninum infection
      is present among dairy cattle in Greece, deserving more studies to determine its
      contribution to abortion problems in Greek dairy herds.

PMID- 18158218
TI  - Tobacco use among those with serious psychological distress: results from the
      national survey of drug use and health, 2002.
AB  - There have been relatively few population-based studies that have documented the
      extent of tobacco use among those with mental health disorders. Recently, the K6
      scale, designed to assess serious psychological distress (SPD) at the population
      level, has been incorporated into a number of population-based health behavior
      surveys. The present study documented the prevalence of tobacco use products,
      dependence, and quit behavior among those with and without SPD utilizing the 2002
      National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Results from the current study indicated
      that adults with SPD had greater odds of lifetime, past month, and daily use of
      cigarettes, cigars and pipes than adults without SPD. Common measures of nicotine
      dependence (e.g., Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale) indicated that a greater
      percentage of those with SPD were nicotine dependent compared to those without
      SPD. Lastly, quit ratios differed notably by SPD status. Among those with SPD,
      29% quit or were former smokers compared to 49% of those without SPD. Findings
      highlight the importance of continuing to enhance public health efforts towards
      smoking cessation among those with mental health disorders, extensive tobacco
      surveillance and monitoring of tobacco trends among this group, and evaluating
      the extent to which this group of smokers may contribute to a hardening of the
      population.

PMID- 18158219
TI  - Neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases - is there a pathophysiological
      link? Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
      as examples.
AB  - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most common neurobehavioural
      disorder and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common adult
      motoneuron disease, may be two distinct entities on first sight. This paper aims
      to highlight parallels concerning clinical features and neurobiology. The
      presence of increased physical and psychological activity and largely non
      progressive frontal dysfunction associated with impaired executive control and
      decreased attention are characteristic clinical features of both, ADHD and ALS.
      At the neurobiological level, there is evidence for hyperactivity in the
      glutamatergic system and a - potentially related - dopaminergic hypoactivity in
      ADHD and ALS. The clinical features of ALS resembling ADHD are particularly
      characteristic for the premorbid stage of the patient. Therefore, we hypothesize
      that clinical features of ADHD may be a risk factor for the development of ALS.
      This hypothesis is currently of unknown pathogenetic, but of potential future
      therapeutic relevance. Our hypothesis of a link between ADHD and ALS could also
      be considered as an example how research on neurodevelopmental diseases might
      influence the understanding and possibly the prevention and treatment of
      neurodegenerative diseases.

PMID- 18158220
TI  - Does dopaminergic reward system contribute to explaining comorbidity obesity and
      ADHD?
AB  - Some recent studies have reported a strong link between obesity and attention
      deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, to date, the factors underlying
      this newly described comorbidity are still unclear and unexplored. In the present
      article, we proposed that the dopamine system and implicate dopamine genes
      contribute to explaining the association between ADHD and obesity. The background
      for this hypothesis comes from studies on the association between ADHD and
      dopamine, as well as from investigations on dopamine in obese individuals. There
      is strong evidence that indicate catecholamines dopamine is very important in the
      pathophysiology of ADHD, as well as in the mechanism of therapeutic action of
      stimulant drugs. Furthermore, increasing evidence indicated that dopaminergic
      reward system is significantly associated with obesity. With regard to the
      therapeutic implications, recent studies indicate that methylphenidate (MPH) - a
      drug widely used for ADHD reduced overall energy intake with a selective
      reduction in dietary fat. Findings are consistent with a reward deficiency model
      of obesity whereby low brain dopamine predicts overeating and obesity, and
      administering agents that increase dopamine results in reduced feeding behavior.
      Given the above background, we hypothesize that the increased prevalence of ADHD
      in obese individual could be explained by the imbalance of dopaminergic reward
      system.

PMID- 18158221
TI  - Kv1.3 channel as a promising therapeutic target for acquired aplastic anemia.

PMID- 18158222
TI  - The delivery and antinociceptive effects of morphine and its ester prodrugs from
      lipid emulsions.
AB  - Long-acting analgesia is critical for patients suffering from long-acting pain.
      The purpose of this study was to develop lipid emulsions as parenteral drug
      delivery systems for morphine and its ester prodrugs. Morphine prodrugs with
      various alkyl chain lengths, including morphine propionate (MPR), morphine
      enanthate (MEN), and morphine decanoate (MDE), were synthesized. The prodrugs
      were stable against chemical hydrolysis in an aqueous solution, but were quickly
      hydrolyzed to the parent drug when exposed to esterase and plasma. Lipid
      emulsions were prepared using phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as an emulsifier,
      while squalene was used as an inner oil phase. Drug release was found to be a
      function of the drug/prodrug lipophilicity, with a lower release rate for more
      lipophilic drug/prodrugs. The inclusion of morphine and its prodrugs into lipid
      emulsions retarded their release. Lipid emulsions, which incorporated
      cholesterol, generally exhibited a drug/prodrug release comparable to that of
      emulsions without co-emulsifiers. Pluronic F68 (PF68) further slowed down the
      release of morphine and its prodrugs from the emulsions. The antinociceptive
      activity through the parenteral administration of these emulsions was examined
      using a cold ethanol tail-flick study. Compared with an aqueous solution, a
      prolonged analgesic duration was detected after application of the drug/prodrug
      emulsions. Incorporation of co-emulsifiers such as PF68 and cholesterol further
      increased the duration of action. The combination of prodrug strategy and lipid
      emulsions may be practically useful for improving analgesic therapy with
      morphine.

PMID- 18158223
TI  - The zonal architecture of human articular cartilage described by T2 relaxation
      time in the presence of Gd-DTPA2-.
AB  - The depth-wise variation of T(2) relaxation time is known to reflect the collagen
      network architecture in cartilage, while the delayed Gadolinium Enhanced MRI of
      Cartilage (dGEMRIC) technique is sensitive to tissue proteoglycan (PG)
      concentration. As the cartilage PG content varies along the tissue depth, the
      depth-dependent accumulation of the contrast agent may affect the inherent T(2)
      of cartilage in a nonconstant manner. Therefore, T(2) and dGEMRIC are typically
      measured in separate MRI sessions. In the present in vitro MRI study at 9.4 T,
      depth-wise T(2) profiles and collagenous zone thicknesses as determined from T(2)
      maps in the absence and presence of Gd-DTPA(2-) (T(2) and T(2Gd), respectively)
      were compared in samples of intact human articular cartilage (n=65). These T(2)
      measures were further correlated with birefringence (BF) of polarized light
      microscopy (PLM) to quantify the ability of MRI to predict the properties of the
      collagen fibril network. The reproducibility of the T(2) measurement in the
      current setup was also studied. Typical tri-laminar collagen network architecture
      was observed both with and without Gd-DTPA(2-). The inverse of BF (1/BF)
      correlated significantly with both T(2) and T(2Gd) (r=0.91, slope=0.56 and
      r=0.90, slope=0.63), respectively. The statistically significant linear
      correlations between zone thicknesses as determined from T(2) and T(2Gd) were
      r=0.55 (slope=0.49), r=0.74 (slope=0.71) and r=0.95 (slope=0.94) for superficial,
      middle and deep tissue zones, respectively. Reproducibility of the T(2)
      measurement was worst for superficial cartilage. Consistent with PLM, T(2) and
      T(2Gd) measurements reveal highly similar depth-dependent information on collagen
      network in intact human cartilage. Thus, dGEMRIC and T(2) measurements in one MRI
      session are feasible for intact articular cartilage in vitro.

PMID- 18158224
TI  - Laterality index in functional MRI: methodological issues.
AB  - In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), hemispheric dominance is
      generally indicated by a measure called the laterality index (LI). The assessment
      of a meaningful LI measure depends on several methodological factors that should
      be taken into account when interpreting LI values or comparing between subjects.
      Principally, these include the nature of the quantification of left and right
      hemispheres contributions, localisation of volumes of interest within each
      hemisphere, dependency on statistical threshold, thresholding LI values, choice
      of activation and baseline conditions and reproducibility of LI values. This
      review discusses such methodological factors and the different approaches that
      have been suggested to deal with them. Although these factors are common to a
      range of fMRI domains, they are discussed here in the context of fMRI of the
      language system.

PMID- 18158225
TI  - Cerebral blood flow estimation from perfusion-weighted MRI using FT-based MMSE
      filtering method.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Perfusion-weighted MRI can be used for estimating blood flow
      parameters using bolus tracking technique based on dynamic susceptibility
      contrast MRI. In order to extract flow parameters, several deconvolution
      techniques have been proposed, of which the singular value decomposition (SVD)
      and Fourier transform (FT)-based techniques are more popular and widely used. In
      this work, an FT-based method has been proposed that involves derivation of an
      optimal shaped filter (defined as a filter function) estimated using minimum mean
      squared error (MMSE) technique in the frequency domain. The proposed technique
      has been compared with the well-established SVD technique using simulation
      experiments. SIMULATION METHODS: Simulation was performed in multiple steps. An
      arterial input function (AIF) was first defined based on a certain blood flow
      value. The T2* signal change was then derived from this AIF, and noise was added
      to the signal. Then, a unique and optimal shaped filter function Phi(f) was
      derived in order to obtain the best estimate of scaled residue function. One way
      is by minimizing the mean-squared error between the noiseless and noisy scaled
      residue function, i.e., using an MMSE method. The effect of low and moderate
      noise and distorted AIF on cerebral blood flow (CBF) estimates was obtained by
      using FT-based MMSE method. Results were compared with the SVD technique. In this
      work, SVD technique was assumed to be the standard reference deconvolution
      technique. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: For low-noise condition, the FT-based
      technique was more stable than the SVD technique, while for moderate noise, both
      techniques consistently underestimated CBF. SVD technique was found to be more
      stable in presence of AIF distortions. However, SVD technique was found to be
      unstable due to AIF delay compared to the FT-based MMSE method. The shaped filter
      function was found to be sensitive to effect of AIF distortions.

PMID- 18158226
TI  - SNR and functional sensitivity of BOLD and perfusion-based fMRI using arterial
      spin labeling with spiral SENSE at 3 T.
AB  - Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging
      (fMRI) studies using parallel imaging to reduce the readout window have reported
      a loss in temporal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is less than would be
      expected given a purely thermal noise model. In this study, the impact of
      parallel imaging on the noise components and functional sensitivity of both BOLD
      and perfusion-based fMRI data was investigated. Dual-echo arterial spin labeling
      data were acquired on five subjects using sensitivity encoding (SENSE), at
      reduction factors (R) of 1, 2 and 3. Direct recording of cardiac and respiratory
      activity during data acquisition enabled the retrospective removal of
      physiological noise. The temporal SNR of the perfusion time series closely
      followed the thermal noise prediction of a radicalR loss in SNR as the readout
      window was shortened, with temporal SNR values (relative to the R=1 data) of 0.72
      and 0.56 for the R=2 and R=3 data, respectively, after accounting for
      physiological noise. However, the BOLD temporal SNR decreased more slowly than
      predicted even after accounting for physiological noise, with relative temporal
      SNR values of 0.80 and 0.63 for the R=2 and R=3 data, respectively. Spectral
      analysis revealed that the BOLD trends were dominated by low-frequency
      fluctuations, which were not dominant in the perfusion data due to signal
      processing differences. The functional sensitivity, assessed using mean F values
      over activated regions of interest (ROIs), followed the temporal SNR trends for
      the BOLD data. However, results for the perfusion data were more dependent on the
      threshold used for ROI selection, most likely due to the inherently low SNR of
      functional perfusion data.

PMID- 18158227
TI  - Standing on the shoulders of giants.

PMID- 18158228
TI  - Fifteen years of bone tumor cryosurgery: a single-center experience of 440
      procedures and long-term follow-up.
AB  - BACKGROUND: This summary of a single center's extensive cumulative experience in
      bone tumor cryosurgery assesses the long-term outcome of bone conservation
      surgery in which adjuvant cryosurgery plays a pivotal role. MATERIALS AND
      METHODS: We performed 440 cryosurgical procedures between January 1988 and
      December 2002. Two-thirds of the series comprised a variety of primary benign
      aggressive and low-grade malignant lesions, and one-third were primary high-grade
      and metastatic bone tumors. The anatomical locations included almost every bone
      of the skeleton. Two methods of bone cryosurgery were used: Marcove's "open"
      direct-pour system using liquid nitrogen (1988-1997) and Meller's "closed" argon
      based system (1998 to the present). RESULTS: The study cohort consisted of 214
      males and 191 females (age range 5-82 years). The median follow-up was 7 years
      (range 3-18). The overall local recurrence rate was 8%: fractures=1%,
      infections=2% and skin burns=1.3%. There were three cases of transient nerve
      palsies in areas other than the sacrum, and four cases of late osteoarthritis of
      an adjacent joint. The functional outcome for the 372 patients with no evidence
      of disease was almost 100% "good" and "excellent" (American Musculo-skeletal
      Tumor Society System). Only two patients needed secondary amputations.
      CONCLUSIONS: Bone cryosurgery is a safe and effective limb-, joint- and even
      epiphysis-sparing surgical technique in suitable types of bone tumors,
      temporarily or permanently obviating the need for resection surgery.

PMID- 18158229
TI  - Simultaneous determination of serum concentrations of levodopa, dopamine, 3-O
      methyldopa and alpha-methyldopa by HPLC.
AB  - Levodopa is the medication of choice for Parkinson's disease. The biological
      complexity of levodopa and of its main derivatives makes their determination
      important in the clinical field. The aim of this study was to develop an HPLC
      method for the simultaneous determination of serum concentrations of levodopa,
      dopamine, 3-O-methyldopa and alpha-methyldopa. We compared UV and fluorimetric
      detection of native and derivatised compounds. Though less sensitive than other
      methods, UV detection is important to exclude naturally fluorescent, interfering
      substances. Fluorimetric detection of derivatised compounds is more sensitive
      than UV detection. Since 3-O-methyldopa does not react with the derivatising
      agent 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine, it cannot be detected. For simultaneous
      determination of the four compounds after pharmacological treatment of patients
      we therefore advise fluorimetric detection of the native compound.

PMID- 18158230
TI  - Validation of the Chinese version of the EORTC colorectal cancer-specific quality
      of-life questionnaire module (QLQ-CR38).
AB  - The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer colorectal cancer
      (CRC)-specific quality-of-life questionnaire module (QLQ-CR38) assesses health
      related quality of life in patients with CRC. We studied its psychometric
      properties and clinical validity in Hong Kong Chinese patients with CRC. The 38
      items, forming functional and symptom scales, were administered to 256 Chinese
      patients diagnosed with CRC from a clinical oncology outpatient unit. Multitrait
      scaling analyses confirmed the hypothesized scale structure of the functional
      scales but not of the symptom scales, particularly those measuring chemotherapy
      side effects and gastrointestinal symptoms. The functional scales, but not the
      symptom scales, showed good internal consistency reliability. Convergent and
      divergent validity were satisfactory, as indicated by the correlations with other
      measures. The scales effectively differentiated between clinically distinct
      patient groups. As expected from a module designed to be used in conjunction with
      the core questionnaire, correlations between the QLQ-CR38 and the QLQ-30 are only
      weak to moderate. The functional scales of the Chinese version of the QLQ-CR38
      show good psychometric performance and suitability for use with the QLQ-C30.
      Although, the results lend support to the clinical validity of the QLQ-C38, the
      symptom scales would benefit from further refinement to enhance their usefulness.

PMID- 18158231
TI  - Establishing mild, moderate, and severe scores for cancer-related symptoms: how
      consistent and clinically meaningful are interference-based severity cut-points?
AB  - Methods are presented to separate 16 frequently occurring cancer symptoms
      measured on 10-point symptom severity rating scales into mild, moderate, and
      severe categories that are clinically interpretable and significant for use in
      oncology practice settings. At their initial intervention contact, 588 solid
      tumor cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy reported severity on a standard 11
      point rating scale for 16 symptoms. All reporting a one or higher were asked to
      rate on an 11-point scale how much the symptom interfered with enjoyment of life,
      relationship with others, general daily activities, and emotions. Factor analysis
      revealed that these items tapped into the same dimension, and the items were
      summed to form an interference scale. Cut-points for mild, moderate, and severe
      categories of symptom severity were defined by comparing the differences in
      interference scores corresponding to each successive increases in severity for
      each symptom. The cut-points differed among symptoms. Pain, fatigue, weakness,
      cough, difficulty remembering, and depression had lower cut-points for each
      category compared to other symptoms. Cut-points for each symptom were not related
      to site or stage of cancer, age, or gender but were associated with a global
      depression measure. Cut-points were related to limitations in physical function,
      suggesting differences in the quality of patients' lives. The resulting cut
      points summarize severity ratings into clinically significant and useful
      categories that clinicians can use to assess symptoms in their practices.

PMID- 18158232
TI  - What patients with cancer want to know about pain: a qualitative study.
AB  - Research indicates that patients feel more satisfied and obtain better health
      outcomes when they are able to discuss their questions with their health
      professionals. A better understanding of cancer patients' questions may help
      guide interventions to address their information needs and improve pain
      management. This study sought to explore and describe the questions that women
      with breast cancer have about pain related to cancer. Semistructured interviews
      were conducted with women with pain related to breast cancer or its treatment,
      recruited from a large teaching hospital in Toronto, Canada. Interviews were
      audio recorded and fully transcribed. Data saturation was reached after 18
      participants were interviewed. Analysis involved the identification of themes and
      the development of a taxonomy of questions about pain. In total, over 200
      questions concerning seven main themes were identified: (1) understanding cancer
      pain, (2) knowing what to expect, (3) options for pain control, (4) coping with
      cancer pain, (5) talking with others with cancer pain, (6) finding help managing
      cancer pain, and (7) describing pain. The information collected suggests that
      formulating and articulating questions about pain is a context-dependent, time
      intensive process that requires reflection, knowledge, and a good use of
      language. Patients have numerous and diverse questions about pain and its
      treatment, which may be difficult to address within the context of a typical
      consultation. To manage pain adequately, innovative efforts are needed to enable
      patients and health professionals to recognize, articulate, and answer such
      questions. Internet-based tools could provide some of these solutions.

PMID- 18158233
TI  - Approximation of state-space trajectories by locally recurrent globally feed
      forward neural networks.
AB  - The paper deals with investigating approximation abilities of a special class of
      discrete-time dynamic neural networks. The networks considered are called locally
      recurrent globally feed-forward, because they are designed with dynamic neuron
      models which contain inner feedbacks, but interconnections between neurons are
      strict feed-forward ones like in the well-known multi-layer perceptron. The paper
      presents analytical results showing that a locally recurrent network with two
      hidden layers is able to approximate a state-space trajectory produced by any
      Lipschitz continuous function with arbitrary accuracy. Moreover, based on these
      results, the network can be simplified and transformed into a more practical
      structure needed in real world applications.

PMID- 18158234
TI  - Automated classification of the behavior of rats in the forced swimming test with
      support vector machines.
AB  - The forced swimming test of rats or mice is a frequently used behavioral test to
      evaluate compounds for antidepressant activity in vivo. The aim of this study was
      to replace the human observer, needed to score and analyze the behavior of
      animals, by a fully automated method. For this purpose, in a first step from a
      video recording of each rat, an activity profile was calculated, from which
      subsequently a set of meaningful properties was extracted. This set was finally
      used to train a Support Vector Machine (SVM). Furthermore, specialized kernel
      functions, namely the so-called time resolved p-spectrum and modified optimal
      assignment kernels, were developed to calculate the similarity of activity
      profiles. Our method allows for a very reliable discrimination of animals treated
      with antidepressants of different classes (tricyclics imipramine and desipramine
      as well as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SSRI, fluoxetine) versus a
      vehicle-treated group. Moreover, our technique is able to classify between
      tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs. The results of this work enabled the
      development of an automated and highly accurate behavior classification system.

PMID- 18158235
TI  - The curiously suspicious: infectious disease may ameliorate an ongoing autoimmune
      destruction in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
AB  - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease, which can
      arise from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In the past,
      infections (Epstein Barr virus, parvovirus B-19) have been indicated to play a
      causative role in the development of autoimmune diseases, such as SLE. On the
      other hand, with the emergence of the "hygiene hypothesis" infections have also
      shown to play a protective role in autoimmune diseases. Two case studies are
      presented which provide clinical evidence of SLE patients with severe, long-term
      disease, despite immunosuppresive therapy. The course of both diseases changed
      remarkably after they experienced infections with multiple microbes (bacterial,
      viral and fungal). Surprisingly, their clinical and laboratory signs of SLE
      normalized and they are now symptom-free after 5 and 3year follow-ups. The second
      patient has even had a normal pregnancy, which was a trigger factor for disease
      flare in the past. The infections presumably changed the host immune systems and
      the mechanisms of their protective effects are most likely multifactorial. Our
      cases illustrate that infections could be beneficial in SLE patients and re
      directing research toward novel innate-based SLE therapy should be explored.

PMID- 18158236
TI  - Trends in biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks.
AB  - Present work deals with the biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from
      different raw materials. The different technologies for producing fuel ethanol
      from sucrose-containing feedstocks (mainly sugar cane), starchy materials and
      lignocellulosic biomass are described along with the major research trends for
      improving them. The complexity of the biomass processing is recognized through
      the analysis of the different stages involved in the conversion of
      lignocellulosic complex into fermentable sugars. The features of fermentation
      processes for the three groups of studied feedstocks are discussed. Comparative
      indexes for the three major types of feedstocks for fuel ethanol production are
      presented. Finally, some concluding considerations on current research and future
      tendencies in the production of fuel ethanol regarding the pretreatment and
      biological conversion of the feedstocks are presented.

PMID- 18158237
TI  - Cadmium, zinc and copper biosorption mediated by Pseudomonas veronii 2E.
AB  - Adsorption properties of bacterial biomass were tested for Cd removal from liquid
      effluents. Experimental conditions (pH, time, cellular mass, volume, metal
      concentration) were studied to develop an efficient biosorption process with free
      or immobilised cells of Pseudomonas veronii 2E. Surface fixation was chosen to
      immobilise cells on inert surfaces including teflon membranes, silicone rubber
      and polyurethane foam. Biosorption experiments were carried out at 32 degrees C
      and controlled pH; maximal Cd(II) retention was observed at pH 7.5. The isotherm
      followed the Langmuir model (K(d)=0.17 mM and q(max)=0.48 mmol/g cell dry
      weight). Small changes in the surface negative charge of cells were observed by
      electrophoretic mobility experiments in presence of Cd(II). In addition,
      biosorption of 40% Cu(II) (pH 5 and 6.2) and 50% Zn(II) and 50% Cd(II) (pH 7.5)
      was observed from mixtures of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) 0.5mM each.

PMID- 18158238
TI  - Evaluation of ultra- and nanofiltration for refining soluble products from rice
      husk xylan.
AB  - Liquors from water treatments of rice husks (containing soluble xylan-derived
      products) were processed with NF and UF membranes for concentrating and removing
      both monosaccharides and non-saccharide compounds. Among the commercial membranes
      assayed, the best results were achieved with the 4 kDa polymeric tubular ESP04
      (PCI Membranes), and the 1 kDa ceramic monolithic Kerasep Nano (Novasep). Several
      trade-offs were identified both in membrane selection and in operating
      conditions. The ESP04 polymeric membrane provided the best fractionation, but
      lower recovery under comparable experimental conditions, while its fluxes were
      about half of those of the ceramic Kerasep Nano membrane. Increase in
      transmembrane pressure resulted in improved product recovery, at the expense of a
      lower purity. Additional data on product refining by coupling membrane processing
      with extraction and ion exchange are provided.

PMID- 18158239
TI  - Flocculants effect in biomass retention in a UASB reactor treating dairy manure.
AB  - The performance and biomass retention of an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB)
      reactor treating liquid fraction of dairy manure has been investigated at several
      organic loading rates. Two identical UASB reactors were employed. The biomass of
      one UASB reactor (FBR) had previously been treated with a cationic
      polyacrylamide, the other reactor was operated as a control reactor (CR). At 3
      and 2 days of HRT both reactors functioned similarly, but at 1.5 days HRT some
      differences were observed between both effluents. Mean COD(T) removal percentages
      were 83.4% and 76.5%; COD(VFA) values in effluents were 977 and 2682 mg l(-1) for
      the FBR and the CR respectively. The VSS initial value in both reactors was 25.66
      g VSS, whereas after the experiment the quantities were 31.83 g VSS in the FBR
      and 23.18 g VSS in the CR reactors. Polymer addition resulted in a higher degree
      of biomass retention and better performance in the FBR reactor.

PMID- 18158240
TI  - Cyanobacteria as a biosorbent for mercuric ion.
AB  - The biosorption of Hg(2+) by two strains of cyanobacteria, Spirulina platensis
      and Aphanothece flocculosa, was studied under a batch stirred reaction system.
      Essential process parameters, including pH, biomass concentration, initial metal
      concentration, and presence of co-ions were shown to influence the Hg(2+) uptake.
      Hg(2+) uptake was optimal at pH 6.0 for both strains. The maximum loading
      capacities per gram of dry biomass were found to be 456 mg Hg(2+) for A.
      flocculosa and 428 mg Hg(2+) for S. platensis. At an initial concentration of 10
      ppm Hg(2+), A. flocculosa was able to remove more than 98% of the mercury ion
      from solution. The biosorption kinetics of both strains showed that the metal
      uptake is bi-phasic, exhibiting a rapid initial uptake followed by a slower
      absorption process. The presence of dissolved Co(2+), Ni(2+), and Fe(3+) were
      found to play a synergistic role for Hg(2+) uptake by both strains. Regeneration
      of the biomass was examined by treating Hg(2+)-loaded samples with HCl and
      NH(4)Cl over four cycles of sorption and desorption.

PMID- 18158241
TI  - Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrPto blocks innate immunity by targeting receptor
      kinases.
AB  - Plants use receptor kinases, such as FLS2 and EFR, to perceive bacterial
      pathogens and initiate innate immunity. This immunity is often suppressed by
      bacterial effectors, allowing pathogen propagation. To counteract, plants have
      evolved disease resistance genes that detect the bacterial effectors and
      reinstate resistance. The Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrPto promotes infection
      in susceptible plants but triggers resistance in plants carrying the protein
      kinase Pto and the associated resistance protein Prf. Here we show that AvrPto
      binds receptor kinases, including Arabidopsis FLS2 and EFR and tomato LeFLS2, to
      block plant immune responses in the plant cell. The ability to target receptor
      kinases is required for the virulence function of AvrPto in plants. The FLS2
      AvrPto interaction and Pto-AvrPto interaction appear to share similar sequence
      requirements, and Pto competes with FLS2 for AvrPto binding. The results suggest
      that the mechanism by which AvrPto recognizes virulence targets is linked to the
      evolution of Pto, which, in association with Prf, recognizes the bacterium and
      triggers strong resistance.

PMID- 18158242
TI  - Cell division requires a direct link between microtubule-bound RacGAP and Anillin
      in the contractile ring.
AB  - The mitotic microtubule array plays two primary roles in cell division. It acts
      as a scaffold for the congression and separation of chromosomes, and it specifies
      and maintains the contractile-ring position. The current model for initiation of
      Drosophila and mammalian cytokinesis [1-5] postulates that equatorial
      localization of a RhoGEF (Pbl/Ect2) by a microtubule-associated motor protein
      complex creates a band of activated RhoA [6], which subsequently recruits
      contractile-ring components such as actin, myosin, and Anillin [1-3]. Equatorial
      microtubules are essential for continued constriction, but how they interact with
      the contractile apparatus is unknown. Here, we report the first direct molecular
      link between the microtubule spindle and the actomyosin contractile ring. We find
      that the spindle-associated component, RacGAP50C, which specifies the site of
      cleavage [1-5], interacts directly with Anillin, an actin and myosin binding
      protein found in the contractile ring [7-10]. Both proteins depend on this
      interaction for their localization. In the absence of Anillin, the spindle
      associated RacGAP loses its association with the equatorial cortex, and
      cytokinesis fails. These results account for the long-observed dependence of
      cytokinesis on the continual presence of microtubules at the cortex.

PMID- 18158243
TI  - Anillin is a scaffold protein that links RhoA, actin, and myosin during
      cytokinesis.
AB  - Cell division after mitosis is mediated by ingression of an actomyosin-based
      contractile ring. The active, GTP-bound form of the small GTPase RhoA is a key
      regulator of contractile-ring formation. RhoA concentrates at the equatorial cell
      cortex at the site of the nascent cleavage furrow. During cytokinesis, RhoA is
      activated by its RhoGEF, ECT2. Once activated, RhoA promotes nucleation,
      elongation, and sliding of actin filaments through the coordinated activation of
      both formin proteins and myosin II motors (reviewed in [1, 2]). Anillin is a 124
      kDa protein that is highly concentrated in the cleavage furrow in numerous animal
      cells in a pattern that resembles that of RhoA [3-7]. Although anillin contains
      conserved N-terminal actin and myosin binding domains and a PH domain at the C
      terminus, its mechanism of action during cytokinesis remains unclear. Here, we
      show that human anillin contains a conserved C-terminal domain that is essential
      for its function and localization. This domain shares homology with the RhoA
      binding protein Rhotekin and directly interacts with RhoA. Further, anillin is
      required to maintain active myosin in the equatorial plane during cytokinesis,
      suggesting it functions as a scaffold protein to link RhoA with the ring
      components actin and myosin. Although furrows can form and initiate ingression in
      the absence of anillin, furrows cannot form in anillin-depleted cells in which
      the central spindle is also disrupted, revealing that anillin can also act at an
      early stage of cytokinesis.

PMID- 18158244
TI  - Robust neuronal symmetry breaking by Ras-triggered local positive feedback.
AB  - Neuronal polarity is initiated by a symmetry-breaking event whereby one out of
      multiple minor neurites undergoes rapid outgrowth and becomes the axon [1]. Axon
      formation is regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-related signaling
      elements [2-10] that drive local actin [11] and microtubule reorganization [3,
      12], but the upstream signaling circuit that causes symmetry breaking and
      guarantees the formation of a single axon is not known. Here, we use live FRET
      imaging in hippocampal neurons and show that the activity of the small GTPase
      HRas, an upstream regulator of PI3K, markedly increases in the nascent axonal
      growth cone upon symmetry breaking. This local increase in HRas activity results
      from a positive feedback loop between HRas and PI3K, locally reinforced by
      vesicular transport of HRas to the axonal growth cone. Recruitment of HRas to the
      axonal growth cone is paralleled by a decrease in HRas concentration in the
      remaining neurites, suggesting that competition for a limited pool of HRas
      guarantees that only one axon forms. Mathematical modeling demonstrates that
      local positive feedback between HRas and PI3K, coupled to recruitment of a
      limited pool of HRas, generates robust symmetry breaking and formation of a
      single axon in the absence of extrinsic spatial cues.

PMID- 18158245
TI  - Adult male chimpanzees inherit maternal ranging patterns.
AB  - Space use often correlates with reproductive success [1, 2]. Individual site
      fidelity is ubiquitous across a variety of taxa, including birds, mammals,
      insects, and reptiles [3-9]. Individuals can benefit from using the same area
      because doing so affords access to known resources, including food and/or
      breeding sites. The majority of studies on site fidelity have focused upon
      strictly territorial species in which individuals range in well-defined,
      exclusive areas (e.g., [4, 9]). By comparison, the transient groups that define
      fission-fusion species allow for considerable flexibility in individual space
      use. Although there is evidence that individual space use can influence
      reproductive success [2], relatively little is known about individual ranging
      patterns in fission-fusion species. Here, we investigate three potential
      correlates of male site fidelity (age, habitat quality, and maternal space use)
      in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). We found that when alone, each male
      preferentially concentrated his space use near the area where his mother ranged
      when he was dependent. We suggest that solitary ranging allows males to avoid
      direct competition with conspecifics and that foraging in familiar areas
      maximizes foraging efficiency. These results highlight the importance of male
      foraging strategies in a species in which male ranging is typically explained in
      terms of mating access to females.

PMID- 18158246
TI  - The effect of walking speed on muscle function and mechanical energetics.
AB  - Modulating speed over a large range is important in walking, yet understanding
      how the neuromotor patterns adapt to the changing energetic demands of different
      speeds is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to identify
      functional and energetic adaptations in individual muscles in response to walking
      at faster steady-state speeds using muscle-actuated forward dynamics simulations.
      The simulation data were invariant with speed as to whether muscles contributed
      to trunk support, forward propulsion or leg swing. Trunk support (vertical
      acceleration) was provided primarily by the hip and knee extensors in early
      stance and the plantar flexors in late stance, while trunk propulsion (horizontal
      acceleration) was provided primarily by the soleus and rectus femoris in late
      stance, and these muscle contributions all systematically increased with speed.
      The results also highlighted the importance of initiating and controlling leg
      swing as there was a dramatic increase at the higher walking speeds in iliopsoas
      muscle work to accelerate the leg in pre- and early swing, and an increase in the
      biarticular hamstring muscle work to decelerate the leg in late swing. In
      addition, walking near self-selected speeds (1.2m/s) improves the utilization of
      elastic energy storage and recovery in the uniarticular ankle plantar flexors and
      reduces negative fiber work, when compared to faster or slower speeds. These
      results provide important insight into the neuromotor mechanisms underlying speed
      regulation in walking and provide the foundation on which to investigate the
      influence of walking speed on various neuromotor measures of interest in
      pathological populations.

PMID- 18158247
TI  - Novel 2-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)pyrimidine derivatives as highly potent and
      specific COX-2 inhibitors.
AB  - New series of 2-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl) and 2-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)pyrimidines
      were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX
      2). COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity of these compounds was determined using
      purified enzyme (PE) and human whole blood (HWB) assays. Extensive structure
      activity relationship (SAR) work was carried out within these series, and a wide
      number of potent and specific COX-2 inhibitors were identified (HWB COX-2
      IC(50)=2.4-0.3nM and 80- to 780-fold more selective than rofecoxib).

PMID- 18158248
TI  - Synthesis, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity of some novel
      pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolin-4-ones.
AB  - Novel series of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines (3a-c), triazolo[4',3':1,2]pyrimido[4,5
      b]-quinolines (7a-e, 9, and 14), tetrazolo[4',3':1,2]pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolin-5
      one (13), [1,3]-pyrazolo[3',2':1,2]pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines (12a and 12b), and 2
      pyrazolyl-pyrimido[4,5-b]-quinolines (15, 16a, 16b, and 19) have been
      synthesized. Some of the new compounds were tested against various bacteria and
      fungi species. In addition, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities are
      reported. Compounds 8 and 9a possess high activity toward the fungi as compared
      with the reference drug Nystatin. The tested compounds 5 and 8 have moderate anti
      inflammatory activities. Moreover compounds 5, 8, 10, and 16a, have activities
      higher than the reference drug in peripheral analgesic activity testing,
      Compounds 5, 7a, 11a, and 16a have potencies as the reference drug in central
      analgesic activity testing.

PMID- 18158249
TI  - Synthesis of beta- and gamma-oxa isosteres of fosmidomycin and FR900098 as
      antimalarial candidates.
AB  - To expand the structure-activity relationships of fosmidomycin and FR900098, two
      potent antimalarials interfering with the MEP-pathway, we decided to replace a
      methylene group in beta-position of the phosphonate moiety of these leads by an
      oxygen atom. beta-oxa-FR900098 (11) proved equally active as the parent compound.
      When applied to 4-[hydroxyl(methyl)amino]-4-oxobutyl phosphonic acid, featuring a
      hydroxamate instead of the retrohydroxamate moiety, a beta-oxa modification
      yielded a derivative (13) with superior activity against the Plasmodium
      falciparum 3D7 strain than fosmidomycin, while a gamma-oxa modification resulted
      in less active derivatives. A bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)ester of phosphonate 13
      proved twice as active in inhibiting cultured parasites as a similar prodrug of
      FR900098.

PMID- 18158250
TI  - Generation and expression of a minimal hybrid Ig-receptor formed between single
      domains from proteins L and G.
AB  - The Ig-binding properties of protein L from Peptostreptococcus magnus and protein
      G from Streptococcus have been successfully combined through the construction of
      a novel hybrid protein, consisting of a single Ig-binding domain from each
      protein. The biophysical and biochemical properties of this construct have been
      characterized through equilibrium and pre-equilibrium fluorescence spectroscopy,
      circular dichroism, isothermal titration calorimetry, affinity chromatography,
      and conformational stability studies using a chemical denaturant in order to
      examine the structure and availability of ligand binding sites in each domain.
      These studies show that despite the small size of the protein (Mw=16.5 kDa) each
      domain behaves in an independent manner with respect to the binding
      characteristics of the same domain in isolation.

PMID- 18158251
TI  - Insights into the structural variation between pentapeptide repeat proteins-
      crystal structure of Rfr23 from Cyanothece 51142.
AB  - Cyanothece sp. PCC 51142 contains 35 pentapeptide repeat proteins (PRPs),
      proteins that contain a minimum of eight tandem repeated five-residues (Rfr) of
      the general consensus sequence A[N/D]LXX. Published crystal structures of PRPs
      show that the tandem pentapeptide repeats adopt a type of right-handed
      quadrilateral beta-helix called an Rfr-fold. To characterize how structural
      features of Rfr-folds might vary with different amino acid sequences, the crystal
      structure of Cyanothece Rfr23 (174 residues) was determined at 2.4A resolution.
      The structure is dominated by an Rfr-fold capped at the N-terminus with a nine
      residue alpha-helix (M26(*)-E34). The Rfr-fold of Rfr23 contains four structural
      features previously unobserved in Rfr-folds. First, Rfr23 is composed entirely of
      type II beta-turns. Second, the pentapeptide repeats are not consecutive in the
      primary amino acid sequence. Instead, Rfr23 contains 24-residues protruding
      outside one corner of the first complete N-terminal coil of the Rfr-fold (L56
      P79) (24-residue insertion). Third, a disulfide bond between C39 and C42 bridges
      the beta-turn between the first and second pentapeptide repeats in the first coil
      (disulfide bracket). NMR spectroscopy indicates that the reduction of the
      disulfide bracket with the addition of DTT destroys the entire Rfr-fold. Fourth,
      a single-residue perturbs the Rfr-fold slightly in the last coil between the C
      terminal two pentapeptide repeats (single-residue bulge).

PMID- 18158252
TI  - Total substitution of fish oil by vegetable oils in gilthead sea bream (Sparus
      aurata) diets: effects on hepatic Mx expression and some immune parameters.
AB  - The use of vegetable oils in fish nutrition has been extensively studied; and
      recent work has focused attention on replacing fish oil with alternative fatty
      acid sources and their effect on the immune system. However, little is known
      about the effect of these oils on immune parameters such as the fish interferon
      system. In this study we evaluate the effect of two vegetable oils (linseed and
      soybean) on gilthead sea bream Mx expression and other innate immune parameters.
      Experimental diets were formulated where fish oil was totally replaced by
      vegetable oils or for a mixture of them (50% linseed and 50% soybean). Another
      diet prepared with pure fish oil was used as a control. Two experiments were
      carried out in order to evaluate growth, feed utilization, serum alternative
      complement pathway activity, serum lysozyme and phagocytic activity of head
      kidney leucocytes as well as Mx expression in the liver. In the first experiment
      fish were fed with experimental diets for 6 months and then, growth and feed
      utilization as well as immune parameters were analyzed. In the second experiment,
      fish from the previous feeding trial were injected with either a sub-lethal dose
      of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (94/99) or a synthetic dsRNA (Poly
      I:C) in order to stimulate an Mx response. The results show that total
      substitution of fish oil by vegetable oils decreased the growth of gilthead sea
      bream juveniles. Furthermore, both phagocytic activity and serum alternative
      complement pathway activity were significantly reduced by the inclusion of either
      vegetable oil individually in the sea bream diets, but the diet with mixed
      vegetable oils had no significant effect. There was no effect on serum lysozyme
      levels but the basal constitutive levels of Mx transcript expression in the liver
      were elevated in the fish fed the vegetable oil diets. The time-course of the Mx
      response to injection of Poly I:C was shorter in the fish fed the fish oil diet
      and the fish fed the diet based on a mixture of both vegetable oils showed a
      faster Mx response to bacterial injection. Following stimulation with Poly I:C or
      PDP the fish fed the vegetable oil based diets still maintained higher basal
      levels of hepatic Mx expression than the fish fed the fish oil diet which
      returned to undetectable levels.

PMID- 18158253
TI  - Assessment of muscle hardness changes induced by a submaximal fatiguing isometric
      contraction.
AB  - Transient elastography consists of measuring the transverse local shear elastic
      modulus defined as local muscle hardness (LMH). It has previously been shown that
      LMH is correlated to muscle activity level during non-fatiguing contractions. The
      aim of this study was to describe how LMH and muscle activity level change during
      a submaximal fatiguing constant-torque protocol. Changes in gastrocnemius
      medialis LMH and in surface electromyographic activities (sEMG) of plantar
      flexors induced by a submaximal isometric plantar flexion (40% of the maximal
      isometric torque) until exhaustion were quantified. During the contraction, sEMG
      of each muscle increased (P<0.001) whereas LMH remained constant (P>0.05). Active
      LMH assessed during the contraction did not parallel muscle activity level
      changes during this type of submaximal fatigue protocol. Interestingly, LMH at
      rest assessed in passive conditions was higher prior to the fatiguing effort
      (P<0.05), rather than that assessed immediately after. Muscle and tendon viscous
      behaviors could imply a creep phenomenon during a prolonged isometric
      contraction, and our results in LMH at rest could indicate that this phenomenon
      induces changes in muscle intrinsic mechanical properties. Further studies are
      needed to examine whether it could have an influence on muscle activity levels
      during the contraction.

PMID- 18158254
TI  - Time-frequency discriminant analysis of MEG signals.
AB  - This paper introduces a novel statistical method that can identify relevant time
      frequency features in brain signals to distinguish between groups. The feature of
      interest is the spectrum which characterizes the distribution of a given signal's
      variance (or power) across frequency oscillations. Brain signals are generally
      nonstationary in that the distribution of the signals' power across frequency
      changes over time. The classical Fourier analysis is not formally suitable for
      time series signals with time-varying spectra. This paper utilizes the SLEX
      (Smooth Localized Complex EXponentials) basis function to capture the transient
      features of brain signals. The SLEX basis consists of a set of localized
      orthogonal Fourier-like waveforms with a built-in mechanism for representing
      localized spectral features. The best basis is first chosen that maximizes group
      dissimilarity in the time-varying spectra. However, not all spectral features
      extracted from the best basis may be useful for discrimination and classification
      purpose. A thresholding scheme is further developed to remove irrelevant features
      from the best basis to improve accuracy for classification. In simulations the
      proposed SLEX-thresholding discriminant method was able to consistently identify
      the most discriminant time-frequency features and was able to correctly classify
      signals at a high rate. The method was then applied to magnetoencephalographic
      data from a standard paired-click paradigm. Discrimination between individuals
      with schizophrenia and a healthy comparison group confirmed the utility of the
      method.

PMID- 18158255
TI  - Measuring structural complexity in brain images.
AB  - An information theory based formalism for medical image analysis proposed in
      Young et al. [Young, K., Chen, Y., Kornak, J., Matson G. B., Schuff, N., 2005.
      Summarizing Complexity in High Dimensions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 098701-1] is
      described and used to estimate image complexity measures as a means of generating
      interpretable summary information. An analysis of anatomical brain MRI data
      exhibiting cortical thinning, currently considered to be a sensitive early
      biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases, is used to illustrate the method.
      Though requiring no previous assumptions about the detailed shape of the cortex
      or other brain structures, the method performed comparably (sensitivity=0.91) to
      direct cortical thickness estimation techniques (sensitivity=0.93) at separating
      populations in a data set designed specifically to test the cortical thickness
      estimation algorithms. The results illustrate that the complexity estimation
      method, though general, is capable of providing interpretable diagnostic
      information.

PMID- 18158256
TI  - Seizure control and pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs in pregnant women
      with epilepsy.
AB  - The main concerns associated with epilepsy during pregnancy consist of maternal
      and fetal risks from uncontrolled seizures, and harmful effects of the treatment
      on the development of the offspring. Although seizure control is maintained in
      the majority, worsening occurs in a fraction of childbearing women with epilepsy.
      As multiple factors associated with pregnancy may have a negative impact on
      epilepsy, a careful analysis of the situation should be performed in those who
      deteriorate. Emotional and behavioural influence, including insufficient sleep
      and treatment non-compliance, as well as physical factors, such as emesis and
      pelvic distortion, should receive attention. The serum concentrations of almost
      all antiepileptic drugs decrease during pregnancy, particularly those which are
      metabolised by glucuronidation. The inter-individual variability is pronounced.
      In highly protein-bound drugs, such as phenytoin and valproate, unbound drug is
      less affected than total concentrations. Lamotrigine and levetiracetam
      concentrations may decrease by more than 50% in the course of pregnancy;
      monohydroxyoxcarbazepine by up to 30-40%. Appropriate clinical follow-up tailored
      to individual needs and supported by therapeutic drug monitoring should be
      performed in pregnant women with epilepsy. Education concerning reproductive
      issues is an essential part of the epilepsy service to fertile women.

PMID- 18158257
TI  - Non-invasive microscopy of tip-growing root hairs as a tool for study of dynamic
      and cytoskeleton-based vesicle trafficking.
AB  - The techniques of live cell imaging by electronic light microscopy and confocal
      microscopy were used to analyse the cytoarchitecture, organelle dynamics and
      membrane trafficking in living root hairs of Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago
      sativa. We focused on the motility of vesicles in the tip of growing root hairs,
      the internalisation of plasma membrane by endocytosis and the fate of endocytic
      compartments. Vesicles as well as their trafficking to and contact with the
      plasma membrane were visualised in the tip of root hairs. We showed rapid
      endocytosis using a pulse treatment with lipophillic FM dyes in growing root
      hairs. Endocytosis was active at the very tip and labelled endocytic membranes
      progressed further down the endocytic network through dynamic compartments
      merging with the vacuole by their fusion with highly dynamic tonoplast.

PMID- 18158258
TI  - Cloning and expression of the tubulin genes in barley.
AB  - Tubulins are encoded by small gene families in plants. Based on the barley EST
      collection, cDNAs for alpha-, beta-, and gamma-tubulins were selected. Five genes
      for alpha-tubulin, eight newly identified beta-tubulin sequences and one gamma
      tubulin gene were found to be expressed in barley. In silico analysis of relative
      abundance of the distinct tubulin sequences among ESTs derived from different
      libraries revealed that the various tubulin genes differed in their level of
      expression, and to some extent were tissue specific.

PMID- 18158260
TI  - Twenty years with the Swedvasc Registry.

PMID- 18158261
TI  - Isotropic filtering using polyhedral phase cycles: application to singlet state
      NMR.
AB  - A technique is described for filtering out the components of an NMR signal that
      have passed through an isotropic spin order term. The method involves a
      coordinated cycle of three radiofrequency phase angles, where two of the phases
      correspond to the polar angles describing the vertices of a regular polyhedron,
      and the third angle is stepped around a circle. The most economical isotropic
      filtering scheme involves a 12-step phase cycle based on tetrahedral symmetry.
      The method is used to filter out NMR signals that have passed through singlet
      populations in a solution NMR experiment.

PMID- 18158259
TI  - Mycobacterial phenolic glycolipid virulence factor biosynthesis: mechanism and
      small-molecule inhibition of polyketide chain initiation.
AB  - Phenolic glycolipids (PGLs) are polyketide-derived virulence factors produced by
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae, and other mycobacterial pathogens. We have
      combined bioinformatic, genetic, biochemical, and chemical biology approaches to
      illuminate the mechanism of chain initiation required for assembly of the p
      hydroxyphenyl-polyketide moiety of PGLs. Our studies have led to the
      identification of a stand-alone, didomain initiation module, FadD22, comprised of
      a p-hydroxybenzoic acid adenylation domain and an aroyl carrier protein domain.
      FadD22 forms an acyl-S-enzyme covalent intermediate in the p-hydroxyphenyl
      polyketide chain assembly line. We also used this information to develop a small
      molecule inhibitor of PGL biosynthesis. Overall, these studies provide insights
      into the biosynthesis of an important group of small-molecule mycobacterial
      virulence factors and support the feasibility of targeting PGL biosynthesis to
      develop new drugs to treat mycobacterial infections.

PMID- 18158262
TI  - In vivo and in vitro comparison of densitometers in the NOREPOS study.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement of in vivo hip scans on 3
      densitometers (1 GE Lunar DPX-IQ and 2 GE Lunar Prodigy scanners) and to evaluate
      whether the European Spine Phantom (ESP) was able to reproduce the in vivo
      variability. Sixteen subjects had 3 repeated scans (with repositioning) on each
      densitometer, and the ESP was measured on each densitometer at least 40 times.
      Mean differences between hip scans on the Prodigy scanners were small and
      insignificant, and the in vivo results were not significantly different from the
      in vitro results. Bland and Altman plots showed no systematic differences between
      the Prodigy scanners over the range of bone mineral density (BMD). On the other
      hand, differences between Prodigy and DPX-IQ changed systematically over the
      range of BMD. The ESP did not fully reproduce the in vivo difference between
      Prodigy and DPX-IQ. In conclusion, the ESP is a valid substitute when assessing
      agreement between Prodigy scanners. However, when assessing agreement between
      different types of scanners, substitution of in vivo with in vitro measurements
      should be made with caution.

PMID- 18158263
TI  - Reproducibility and sources of variability in radiographic texture analysis of
      densitometric calcaneal images.
AB  - Radiographic texture analysis (RTA) is a computerized analysis of the spatial
      pattern of radiographic images used as a way of evaluating bone structure. We
      have shown that RTA performed on high-resolution heel images obtained using a
      portable densitometer differentiates subjects with and without osteoporotic
      fractures. In the present study, short-term precision of RTA was examined on
      densitometric heel images obtained from 33 subjects scanned 8 times each, with 3
      observers placing a region of interest (ROI) 3 times on each image. The long-term
      precision was examined on images obtained from 10 subjects 3 times on each of 3
      days separated by 1 week, with 2 observers placing an ROI on each image. The RTA
      features examined included the root mean square (RMS) variation, a measure of the
      contrast between the light and dark areas of the image, the first moment of the
      power spectrum, a measure of the spatial frequency of the trabecular pattern, and
      Minkowski fractal (MINK), a measure of roughness/smoothness of the trabecular
      pattern. The precision of the RTA features expressed as coefficient of variation
      ranged between the lowest of 0.5-0.7% for MINK and the highest of 14-16% for RMS.
      The short- and long-term precision was similar, and was not significantly
      influenced by repositioning and rescanning, or by ROI placement by the same or
      different observers. Significant sources of variability of RTA were the between
      subject differences and differences between regions of the heel, but not
      differences due to repositioning, rescanning in the same position, or ROI
      placement by the same or different observers. We conclude that technical aspects
      of image acquisition and processing are adequate to allow further development of
      RTA of the densitometric images for clinical application as a method for
      noninvasive assessment of bone structure.

PMID- 18158264
TI  - Vertebral fracture diagnosis in the multinational BONE study of oral ibandronate:
      quality management in radiology.
AB  - A multicenter trial has established the antifracture efficacy of oral daily
      (2.5mg) as well as intermittent (20mg every other day for 12 doses every 3 mo)
      ibandronate in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. As diagnostic spinal
      radiographs for this trial were read at 2 centers, the study protocol included
      rigorous procedures for diagnosis of morphometric vertebral fractures. These
      included standardized qualitative and morphometric assessment methods for
      diagnosing vertebral osteoporotic fractures and consensus cross-validation
      procedures for maximizing fracture diagnostic accuracy and consistency between
      the 2 radiographic reading centers. Using these stringent measures, the between
      center discrepancy in the diagnosis of prevalent fractures was only 8%.
      Furthermore, after cross-validation, discrepancy in the final diagnosis of
      incident fractures between centers was found for only 4 patients, resulting in a
      net gain of only 2 fractures in the trial. This meticulous methodology provided a
      highly effective means of identifying vertebral fractures and recruiting the
      trial population in which to assess the efficacy of ibandronate in postmenopausal
      osteoporosis.

PMID- 18158265
TI  - Monitoring bone growth using quantitative ultrasound in comparison with DXA and
      pQCT.
AB  - Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a safe, inexpensive, and nonradiation method for
      bone density assessment. QUS correlates with, and predicts fragility fractures
      comparable to, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived bone mineral
      density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. However, its validity in monitoring bone
      growth in children is not well understood. Two hundred and fifty-eight 10-13 yr
      pubertal girls and 9 37-43 yr adults without diseases or history of medications
      known to affect bone metabolism were included in the 2-yr prospective study.
      Calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (cBUA) was assessed using QUS-2
      (Quidel, Santa Clara, CA), speed of sound of tibial shaft (tSOS) using Omnisense
      (Sunlight Technologies, Israel), apparent volumetric BMD (vBMD) of tibial shaft
      using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT; XCT2000, Stratec), and
      femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine 2-4 (LS) areal BMD (aBMD) using DXA (Prodigy,
      GE). Over the 2 yr in girls, FN and LS aBMD showed the largest increases (17+/-8%
      and 20+/-8%, respectively), followed by tibial vBMD and cBUA (10+/-5% and 9+/-9%,
      respectively). There was no apparent change in tSOS (2+/-3%). The increase in FN
      and LS aBMD attenuated 48% and 40%, respectively, after adjustment of the change
      in body size. The change of cBUA correlated significantly with change in tibial
      vBMD and FN and LS aBMD (r=0.24-0.40). At the matched location, tSOS correlated
      only with cortical vBMD, not with cortical thickness, apparent vBMD, or bone
      size. The long-term reproducibility, assessed using the concordance correlation
      coefficient of young adults' pre-post measurements, was substantially lower in
      tSOS than cBUA, tibial vBMD, FN, and LS aBMD (0.65 vs 0.97, 0.95, 0.98, and 0.96;
      p<0.05). The transverse transmission method-derived calcaneal BUA, but not the
      axial transmission method-derived SOS, is comparable to DXA and pQCT for
      monitoring bone densitometric change in pubertal girls. The role of QUS in
      fracture-risk prediction in children and adolescents needs further investigation.

PMID- 18158266
TI  - Physiological energetics of the ascidian Styela clava in relation to body size
      and temperature.
AB  - The ascidian Styela clava is widely distributed in northern China and is thought
      to be important in the functioning of estuarine systems. This ascidian may
      experience highly variable physiological conditions, and its physiological
      responses to these are of interest considering its ecological role. This study
      presents data on the physiological parameters in relation to body size and
      temperature (12-28 degrees C) of S. clava. Respiration, excretion, feces,
      ingestion and absorption energy were positive related to size and its mass
      exponents (b-values) varied from 0.2930 to 0.7488. Respiration energy increased
      with increasing, but critical values were found at 20 degrees C for energy of
      ingestion and absorption, while 24 degrees C for energy in feces and excretion.
      At the range of 16-24 degrees C, the scope for growth, gross and net growth
      efficiencies of ascidians increased with increasing temperature. The energy
      budget equations of different sized ascidians were obtained at different
      temperatures. Excretion energy shared a minimal fraction in ingestion energy
      (1.30-2.47%), the ratios of feces energy and respiration energy to ingestion
      energy were 46.53-64.27% and 10.26-80.75%, respectively. The physiological data
      obtained in the present study indicated that S. clava could adjust its energy
      budget according to the environment and its physiological conditions to meet
      their nutritional and energetic demands. In the range of experimental temperature
      (12-28 degrees C), 16-20 degrees C was suitable for the rearing of S. clava to
      achieve optimum development, while deficient metabolic adjustment induced a
      negative scope for growth of S. clava at 28 degrees C.

PMID- 18158268
TI  - Role of beta adrenergic receptor polymorphisms in heart failure: systematic
      review and meta-analysis.
AB  - Heart Failure (HF) is a common disorder associated with substantial morbidity and
      mortality. beta adrenergic receptors (betaAR) are the primary pathway through
      which cardiac function is influenced. Chronic beta(1)AR activation is implicated
      in the pathogenesis of HF and betaAR blockade improves survival in left
      ventricular systolic dysfunction. Common functional polymorphisms in beta
      adrenergic receptor genes (ADRB) have been associated with HF phenotypes, and
      with pharmacogenetic interaction with beta adrenergic receptor blockers (beta
      blockers). However, these associations have not been consistently replicated. The
      evidence for ADRB variant involvement in pathogenesis, progression and response
      to beta blockers in HF is reviewed. In addition, a meta-analysis of three studies
      analysing the effect of ADRB1 Arg389Gly polymorphism on left ventricular
      remodelling with the use of beta blockers, demonstrating a 5% improvement in left
      ventricular ejection fraction in Arg389 homozygotes, is presented. There is now
      accumulating molecular evidence for a different functional response to beta
      blockers associated with this polymorphism. In the future, confirmed genotypic
      associations may enable patients to be identified who are either at greater risk
      of developing HF, whose HF may rapidly progress, or who are unlikely to benefit
      from beta blockers, and such patients may benefit from targeted aggressive
      therapy.

PMID- 18158267
TI  - Crystal structure of Bacillus stearothermophilus UvrA provides insight into ATP
      modulated dimerization, UvrB interaction, and DNA binding.
AB  - The nucleotide excision repair pathway corrects many structurally unrelated DNA
      lesions. Damage recognition in bacteria is performed by UvrA, a member of the ABC
      ATPase superfamily whose functional form is a dimer with four nucleotide-binding
      domains (NBDs), two per protomer. In the 3.2 A structure of UvrA from Bacillus
      stearothermophilus, we observe that the nucleotide-binding sites are formed in an
      intramolecular fashion and are not at the dimer interface as is typically found
      in other ABC ATPases. UvrA also harbors two unique domains; we show that one of
      these is required for interaction with UvrB, its partner in lesion recognition.
      In addition, UvrA contains three zinc modules, the number and ligand sphere of
      which differ from previously published models. Structural analysis, biochemical
      experiments, surface electrostatics, and sequence conservation form the basis for
      models of ATP-modulated dimerization, UvrA-UvrB interaction, and DNA binding
      during the search for lesions.

PMID- 18158269
TI  - Implementing recommendations arising from confidential enquiries into maternal
      deaths.
AB  - Implementing recommendations is a complex process involving all levels of health
      care. Effecting change in the health system can be broadly divided into four
      areas: policy, administration, clinical practice and training. Changes at the
      policy level require advocacy by lobby groups, as these changes are mainly
      political in nature. Changes at administrative level require a diversion of
      resources, and a clear policy framework must be in place within which the health
      administrator can work. Changes to clinical practice refer mainly changes in
      protocols of managing patients. The essential elements to change clinical
      practice include on-site, face-to-face teaching by a senior clinician;
      ineffective methods are lectures and memorandums on guidelines for practice
      posted to clinicians. Training refers to ensuring there are appropriate curricula
      for healthcare workers. Recommendations should also be phrased in such a way that
      targets can be established. These targets should be measurable and then be
      measured.

PMID- 18158270
TI  - Quality-of-life trajectories in epilepsy: a review of the literature.
AB  - The potential psychosocial sequelae of epilepsy are well-documented, but it
      cannot be assumed that trajectories for quality of life (QOL) of people with
      epilepsy will inevitably follow its clinical course. In this article, we draw on
      available literature to suggest likely QOL trajectories associated with epilepsy
      and the broad range of disease-, patient-, and other-focused factors that appear
      important in determining them. We conclude that both the likely shape and time
      frame for QOL trajectories associated with particular clinical scenarios can be
      delineated, but that their shape can be altered by a much wider range of factors
      than those represented as epilepsy disease progression. We identify contributory
      factors currently relatively unexplored and highlight implications for treatment
      and areas for future research.

PMID- 18158271
TI  - Health-related quality of life of children with epilepsy in Hong Kong: how does
      it compare with that of youth with epilepsy in Canada?
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of our study was to compare the health-related quality
      of life (HRQL) of children with epilepsy in Hong Kong with that of children with
      epilepsy in Canada, and to explore possible factors affecting these findings. A
      second interest was to determine agreement between proxy reports and self-ratings
      among children with epilepsy in Hong Kong, compare these with findings in Canada,
      and identify factors that influence the concordance. METHODS: Child self-report
      and parent-proxy questionnaires on an epilepsy-specific HRQL measure,
      appropriately translated and validated in Chinese, were administered to 266 Hong
      Kong children and their parents. An unpaired t test was used to compare the
      scores with published results from 381 Canadian children and their parents, who
      used the original English version of the measure. Demographic characteristics of
      the two groups were compared using t tests, chi2 tests, and Fisher's exact tests.
      Agreement between parents' and children's scores was evaluated with intraclass
      correlation coefficients (ICCs) and standardized response means (SRMs). The total
      HRQL score differences between parents and children in Hong Kong were compared
      with those in Canada using an unpaired t test. Factors that might affect the
      parent-child score difference were studied using Pearson correlation analysis,
      chi2 test, and analysis of variance. Factors studied included: sex, current age,
      age at diagnosis, duration of epilepsy, number of antiepileptic drugs used, type
      of seizure, seizure severity, cognition of the child, the type of school
      attended, presence of neurological problems, presence of behavioral problems,
      recent health care usage, education and employment status of both parents,
      housing status of the family, and relationship of the proxy respondent to the
      child. RESULTS: (1) In contrast to the Canadian sample, Hong Kong children with
      epilepsy were older (P<0.01), had a longer duration of epilepsy (P<0.01) and less
      severe seizures (P<0.01), and were more likely to attend normal schools (P<0.01).
      Children in Hong Kong reported more interpersonal/social difficulties (P<0.01),
      more worries (P<0.01), and more secrecy about their epilepsy (P<0.01). Parents in
      Hong Kong believed that their children perceived more worries (P<0.01) and were
      more secretive about their epilepsy (P<0.01). (2) Moderate to good agreement
      between parent-proxy response scores and child self-report scores was
      demonstrated (ICC=0.50-0.69, SRM=0.19-0.33). The total HRQL score differences
      between parent and child in Hong Kong were not different from those in Canada.
      None of the factors studied were related to the parent-child score difference.
      CONCLUSIONS: Youth with epilepsy in Hong Kong and their parents reported poorer
      quality of life than children with epilepsy in Canada. Further studies are
      necessary to identify the determinants of HRQL in children with epilepsy in
      different cultures. Acceptable agreement between the two ratings suggests that
      proxy reports can be used when child self-reports cannot be obtained.

PMID- 18158272
TI  - Ethical and regulatory issues related to pregnancy registries and their outcomes.
AB  - Pregnancy registries should be devised so that the interests of science, society,
      and the individual are all considered. For example, there may be ethical issues
      that relate to how women are chosen to participate in the registry and how
      informed consent is obtained. In most cases, consent is required for both the
      mother and the infant. Some institutional review boards will require that consent
      be obtained by someone other than the woman's physician. Once data are obtained,
      there may be an issue as to when results should be released. Options are to
      release data when there is the first indication of a concerning finding, thereby
      potentially preventing exposure in the largest number of women, versus waiting
      until the finding is absolutely confirmed. In a related issue, there are
      questions of when and how regulatory agencies should change labeling based on
      findings.

PMID- 18158273
TI  - Differential effect of side of temporal lobe epilepsy on lateralization of
      hippocampal, temporolateral, and inferior frontal activation patterns during a
      verbal episodic memory task.
AB  - The encoding of verbal stimuli elicits left-lateralized activation patterns
      within the medial temporal lobes in healthy adults. In our study, patients with
      left- and right-sided temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE, RTLE) were investigated
      during the encoding and retrieval of word-pair associates using functional
      magnetic resonance imaging. Functional asymmetry of activation patterns in
      hippocampal, inferior frontal, and temporolateral neocortical areas associated
      with language functions was analyzed. Hippocampal activation patterns in patients
      with LTLE were more right-lateralized than those in patients with RTLE (P<0.05).
      There were no group differences with respect to lateralization in frontal or
      temporolateral regions of interest (ROIs). For both groups, frontal cortical
      activation patterns were significantly more left-lateralized than hippocampal
      patterns (P<0.05). For patients with LTLE, there was a strong trend toward a
      difference in functional asymmetry between the temporolateral and hippocampal
      ROIs (P=0.059). A graded effect of epileptic activity on laterality of the
      different regional activation patterns is discussed.

PMID- 18158274
TI  - Effects of phosphine on the neural regulation of gas exchange in Periplaneta
      americana.
AB  - Phosphine is used for fumigating stored commodities, however an understanding of
      the physiological response to phosphine in insects is limited. Here we show how
      the central pattern generator for ventilation in the central nervous system (CNS)
      responds to phosphine and influences normal resting gas exchange. Using the
      American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, that perform discontinuous gas
      exchange (DGE) at rest, we simultaneously measure ventilatory nervous output from
      the intact CNS, VCO(2) and water loss from live specimens. Exposure to 800 ppm
      phosphine at 25 degrees C for 2 h (n=13) during recording did not cause any
      mortality or obvious sub-lethal effects. Within 60 s of introducing phosphine
      into the air flow, all animals showed a distinct CNS response accompanied by a
      burst release of CO(2). The initial ventilatory response to phosphine displaced
      DGE and was typically followed by low, stable and continuous CO(2) output. CNS
      output was highest and most orderly under normoxic conditions during DGE.
      Phosphine caused a series of ventilatory CNS spikes preceding almost complete
      cessation of CNS output. Minimal CNS output was maintained during the 2 h
      normoxic recovery period and DGE was not reinstated. VCO(2) was slightly reduced
      and water loss significantly lower during the recovery period compared with those
      rates prior to phosphine exposure. A phosphine narcosis effect is rejected based
      on animals remaining alert at all times during exposure.

PMID- 18158275
TI  - Comparing and consolidating two heuristic metaschemas.
AB  - A metaschema is an Abstraction Network of the UMLS's Semantic Network (SN)
      obtained from a connected partition into its collections of semantic types. A
      metaschema can support comprehension, visualization and navigation of the SN. In
      this paper, a methodology is presented to evaluate and compare two given
      metaschemas, based on their structural properties. This methodology was applied
      to the top-down metaschema and the bottom-up metaschema, derived from two studies
      involving two groups of UMLS experts. By the Cronbach alpha estimate, the bottom
      up metaschema is reliable, while the top-down metaschema is not. An algorithm was
      designed to yield a consolidated metaschema enjoying the best and avoiding the
      worst of the two given metaschemas. The consolidation algorithm was applied to
      the above two metaschemas, The resulting consolidated metaschema has better
      structural properties than either of the two metaschemas and better supports user
      orientation visualization, and navigation of the Semantic Network.

PMID- 18158276
TI  - Dorsal approach to excision of a deep palmar tumour.

PMID- 18158277
TI  - Allogeneic split-skin grafting in stem cell transplanted patients.
AB  - SUMMARY: We present a unique case of a bone marrow stem cell transplanted (BMT)
      patient with cutaneous chronic Graft versus Host Disease (cGvHD) who underwent
      successful allogeneic split-thickness skin graft (STSG) transplantation. BMT had
      previously been carried out due to myelodysplasia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of
      the patient. Pre-BMT human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-typing had revealed identity
      between the donor and the recipient, who were siblings (not twins). Complete
      donor chimaerism was achieved. The recipient developed severe cGvHD with
      ichthyosis-like dryness and scleroderma. A folliculitis evolved to a full
      thickness ulceration on the entire scalp. From the femoral region of the donating
      sister a STSG was harvested under local analgesia and transplanted without
      analgesia to the prepared scalp ulcer of the recipient. The result was full and
      permanent take of the allogeneic STSG (follow up: three years). Allogeneic skin
      grafts are known to be acutely rejected. Successful allogeneic STSG has only been
      reported in sporadic cases of identical twins (isotransplantation). This case is
      the first to demonstrate what works in theory: the immune system of a stem cell
      transplanted patient with 100% or mixed stable donor chimaerism will not
      recognise skin from the stem cell donor as foreign. Due to advances in
      haematology, the number of BMT patients and their long-term survival is expected
      to increase. cGvHD, predisposing to skin problems and ulcerations, complicates up
      to 70% of cases of BMT. In BMT patients with cGvHD and large skin defects,
      allogeneic STSC from the BMT donor seems to be a safe alternative for permanent
      coverage.

PMID- 18158278
TI  - Antiphospholipid syndrome--a rare cause of free flap thrombosis in perforator
      flap breast reconstruction.

PMID- 18158279
TI  - Limb salvage in malignant tumours of the upper limb using vascularised fibula.
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Modern reconstructive techniques can prevent amputation in most
      cases of malignant musculoskeletal tumours. The free fibula has emerged as the
      primary method of bridging long bone gaps during limb salvage. METHODS: Limb
      salvage was attempted in 23 patients (15 males and eight females) aged 17-57
      years. The tumour was located in the humerus in 18 patients, radius in four
      patients and the metacarpals in one patient. Osteogenic sarcoma was the most
      common tumour (11 cases) followed by Ewing's sarcoma in six patients. After
      neoadjuvant chemotherapy, MRI was repeated and resectability assessed. Wide local
      excision was performed and the bony defect bridged by free fibulae. RESULTS: All
      the flaps survived. The average length of defect reconstructed was 18 cm and the
      average time for bone union was 7 months. At a minimum follow up of 12 months, 21
      patients were alive and disease free. One patient required amputation due to
      recurrence and one died of metastatic disease. Secondary surgery was needed in
      eight patients (five tendon transfers, two latissimus dorsi flap readjustments
      and one bone graft). Overall patient satisfaction was high with 21/23 patients
      having a useful limb. CONCLUSION: Limb salvage in the upper limb using
      vascularised fibula in patients with malignant musculoskeletal tumours can result
      in good tumour control along with reasonable limb function.

PMID- 18158280
TI  - Similar prevalence of founder BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among Ashkenazi and non
      Ashkenazi men with breast cancer: evidence from 261 cases in Israel, 1976-1999.
AB  - To evaluate the potential contribution of mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
      to male breast cancer (MBC), we expanded a previous study to screen a total of
      261 Israeli men diagnosed with breast carcinoma. A total of 21 BRCA2 6174delT and
      8 BRCA1 185delAG mutations were found. Similar frequencies of BRCA1 and BRCA2
      mutation carriers were found among Ashkenazi (12.8%) and non-Ashkenazi Jews
      (9.1%). The combined prevalence of BRCA1/BRCA2 founder mutations among Ashkenazi
      Jewish men is slightly higher than for women, due to a higher frequency of BRCA2
      mutations.

PMID- 18158281
TI  - Genetic loci affecting bone structure and strength in inbred COP and DA rats.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the Copenhagen 2331 (COP) and Dark Agouti (DA)
      rats have significant differences in bone structure and strength despite their
      similar body mass. Thus, these inbred rat strains may provide a unique resource
      to identify the genetics underlying the phenotypic variation in bone fragility. A
      sample of 828 (405 males and 423 females) COPxDA F2 progeny had extensive
      phenotyping for bone structure measures including cortical bone area and polar
      moment of inertia at the femur midshaft and total, cortical and trabecular bone
      areas, for the lumbar vertebra 5 (L5). Bone strength phenotypes included ultimate
      force, stiffness and work to failure of femur and L5. These skeletal phenotypes
      were measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and
      mechanical testing. A whole-genome screen was conducted in the F2 rats, using
      microsatellite markers spaced at approximately 20 cM intervals. Genetic marker
      maps were generated from the F2 data and used for genome-wide linkage analyses to
      detect linkage to the bone structure and strength phenotypes. Permutation testing
      was employed to obtain the thresholds for genome-wide significance (p<0.01).
      Significant QTL for femur structure and strength were identified on chromosome
      (Chr) 1 with a maximum LOD score of 33.5; evidence of linkage was found in both
      the male and female rats. In addition, Chrs 6, 7, 10, 13, 15 and 18 were linked
      to femur midshaft structure. QTL linked to femur strength were identified on Chrs
      5 and 10. For L5 vertebrae, Chrs 2, 16, and 18 harbored QTL for cortical
      structure and trabecular structure for L5 was linked to Chrs 1, 7, 12, and 18.
      One female-specific QTL for femur ultimate force was identified on Chr 5, and two
      male-specific QTL for L5 cortical area were found on Chrs 2 and 18. Our study
      demonstrates strong evidence of linkage for bone structure and strength to
      multiple rat chromosomes.

PMID- 18158282
TI  - Multiple immunoenzyme staining: methods and visualizations for the observation
      with spectral imaging.
AB  - Several staining concepts and color combinations exist to perform successful
      double immunoenzyme staining on human tissue specimens. Most of these concepts
      are based on differences between both primary antibodies: animal species, mouse
      Ig isotype or IgG subclasses, conjugates, or concentrations. Traditionally,
      double immunoenzyme staining has used chromogens selected to provide maximum
      color contrast when observed with the unaided eye. Unfortunately, visually good
      color combinations always include at least one diffuse chromogen, because of the
      paucity of appropriate chromogen colors. This situation is drastically changed
      with the use of spectral imaging, where multicolor microscopy can be unmixed in
      individual images based on their spectral characteristics. Spectral unmixing can
      be performed even up to quadruple immunoenzyme staining. This work contains
      practical suggestions for immunoenzyme double staining procedures for some
      frequently encountered primary antibody combinations: rabbit-mouse, goat-mouse,
      mouse-mouse, and rabbit-rabbit. The suggested protocols are all suitable for a
      classical red-brown color combination plus blue nuclear counterstain that is
      composed of peroxidase activity (diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride), alkaline
      phosphatase activity (Liquid Permanent Red), and hematoxylin, respectively.
      Although the red and brown chromogens do not contrast very well visually, they
      both show a crisp localization and can be perfectly unmixed by spectral imaging.

PMID- 18158283
TI  - Calsyntenins are secretory granule proteins in anterior pituitary gland and
      pancreatic islet alpha cells.
AB  - Calsyntenins are members of the cadherin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules.
      They are present in postsynaptic membranes of excitatory neurons and in vesicles
      in transit to neuronal growth cones. In the current study, calsyntenin-1 (CST-1)
      and calsyntenin-3 (CST-3) were identified by mass spectrometric analysis (LC
      MS/MS) of integral membrane proteins from highly enriched secretory granule
      preparations from bovine anterior pituitary gland. Immunofluorescence microscopy
      on thin frozen sections of rat pituitary revealed that CST-1 was present only in
      gonadotropes where it colocalized with follicle-stimulating hormone in secretory
      granules. In contrast, CST-3 was present not only in gonadotrope secretory
      granules but also in those of somatotropes and thyrotropes. Neither protein was
      detected in mammatropes. In addition, CST-1 was also localized to the glucagon
      containing secretory granules of alpha cells in the pancreatic islets of
      Langerhans. Results indicate that calsyntenins function outside the nervous
      system and potentially are modulators of endocrine function.

PMID- 18158284
TI  - Expression of aquaporin 9 in rat liver and efferent ducts of the male
      reproductive system after neonatal diethylstilbestrol exposure.
AB  - Aquaporins (AQP) have important solute transport functions in many tissues
      including the epididymal efferent ducts (ED) and in the liver. We investigated
      the effect of neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) on AQP9 expressions
      in the ED and in the liver of rats. DES was administered from day 2 to day 20
      postnatally at a dose of 4,8 microg/day, and AQP9 protein and mRNA were measured
      by immunoblotting and real-time PCR, respectively, along with
      immunohistochemistry. DES caused hepatic downregulation of AQP9 at both the
      protein and mRNA level; however, decreased AQP9 labeling was only observed in the
      periportal zone. In the ED, AQP9 protein expression was increased in the DES
      treated animals by 300% that could be ascribed to a widening of the ED lumen,
      whereas no difference was observed in AQP9 mRNA expression. Immunohistochemical
      findings revealed that AQP9 expression was confined to the epithelial cells of
      the ED. In conclusion, neonatal DES exposure appears to upregulate AQP9 channels
      in the ED in male rats, whereas a downregulation in the hepatic expression was
      observed, particularly in the periacinous area.

PMID- 18158285
TI  - Dimerization by a cytokine receptor is necessary for constitutive activation of
      JAK2V617F.
AB  - The majority of the BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative disorders express the
      mutant JAK2, JAK2V617F. Previously we showed that constitutive activation of this
      oncogenic JAK2 mutant in Ba/F3 or 32D cells requires coexpression of a cognate
      homodimeric cytokine receptor, such as the EpoR. However, overexpression of
      JAK2V617F in Ba/F3 cells renders them cytokine-independent for growth in the
      absence of an exogenous cytokine receptor. Here, we demonstrated that JAK2V617F
      domains required for receptor association are essential for cytokine-independent
      growth by overexpressed JAK2V617F, suggesting JAK2V617F is binding to an unknown
      endogenous cytokine receptor(s) for its activation. We further showed that
      disruption of EpoR dimerization by coexpressing a truncated EpoR disrupted
      JAK2V617F-mediated transformation, indicating that EpoR dimerization plays an
      essential role in the activation of JAK2V617F. Interestingly, coexpression of
      JAK2V617F with EpoR mutants that retain JAK2 binding but are defective in
      mediating Epo-dependent JAK2 activation due to mutations in a conserved
      juxtamembrane motif does lead to cytokine-independent activation of JAK2V617F.
      Overall, these findings confirm that JAK2V617F requires binding to a dimerized
      cytokine receptor for its activation, and that the key EpoR juxtamembrane
      regulatory motif essential for Epo-dependent JAK2 activation is not essential for
      the activation of JAK2V617F. The structure of the activated JAK2V617F is thus
      likely to be different from that of the activated wild-type JAK2, raising the
      possibility of developing a specifically targeted therapy for myeloproliferative
      disorders.

PMID- 18158286
TI  - Substrate specificity of platypus venom L-to-D-peptide isomerase.
AB  - The L-to-D-peptide isomerase from the venom of the platypus (Ornithorhyncus
      anatinus) is the first such enzyme to be reported for a mammal. In delineating
      its catalytic mechanism and broader roles in the animal, its substrate
      specificity was explored. We used N-terminal segments of defensin-like peptides
      DLP-2 and DLP-4 and natriuretic peptide OvCNP from the venom as substrates. The
      DLP analogues IMFsrs and ImFsrs (srs is a solubilizing chain; lowercase letters
      denote D-amino acid) were effective substrates for the isomerase; it appears to
      recognize the N-terminal tripeptide sequence Ile-Xaa-Phe-. A suite of 26 mutants
      of these hexapeptides was synthesized by replacing the second residue (Met) with
      another amino acid, viz. Ala, alpha-aminobutyric acid, Ile, Leu, Lys, norleucine,
      Phe, Tyr, and Val. It was shown that mutant peptides incorporating norleucine and
      Phe are substrates and exhibit L- or D-amino acid isomerization, but mutant
      peptides that contain residues with shorter, beta-branched or long side chains
      with polar terminal groups, viz. Ala, alpha-aminobutyric acid, Ile, Val, Leu,
      Lys, and Tyr, respectively, are not substrates. It was demonstrated that at least
      three N-terminal amino acid residues are absolutely essential for L-to-D
      isomerization; furthermore, the third amino acid must be a Phe residue. None of
      the hexapeptides based on LLH, the first three residues of OvCNP, were
      substrates. A consistent 2-base mechanism is proposed for the isomerization;
      abstraction of a proton by 1 base is concomitant with delivery of a proton by the
      conjugate acid of a second base.

PMID- 18158287
TI  - Characterization of a protein phosphatase 2A holoenzyme that dephosphorylates the
      clathrin adaptors AP-1 and AP-2.
AB  - The AP-2 complex is a key factor in the formation of endocytic clathrin-coated
      vesicles (CCVs). AP-2 sorts and packages cargo membrane proteins into CCVs, binds
      the coat protein clathrin, and recruits numerous other factors to the site of
      vesicle formation. Structural information on the AP-2 complex and biochemical
      work have allowed understanding its function on the molecular level, and recent
      studies showed that cycles of phosphorylation are key steps in the regulation of
      AP-2 function. The complex is phosphorylated on both large subunits (alpha- and
      beta2-adaptins) as well as at a single threonine residue (Thr-156) of the medium
      subunit mu2. Phosphorylation of mu2 is necessary for efficient cargo recruitment,
      whereas the functional context of the large subunit phosphorylation is unknown.
      Here, we show that the subunit phosphorylation of AP-2 exhibits striking
      differences, with calculated half-lives of <1 min for mu2, approximately 25 min
      for beta2, and approximately 70 min for alpha. We were also able to purify a
      phosphatase that dephosphorylates the mu2 subunit. The enzyme is a member of the
      protein phosphatase 2A family and composed of a catalytic Cbeta subunit, a
      scaffolding Abeta subunit, and a regulatory Balpha subunit. RNA interference
      knock down of the latter subunit in HeLa cells resulted in increased levels of
      phosphorylated adaptors and altered endocytosis, showing that a specific PP2A
      holoenzyme is an important regulatory enzyme in CCV-mediated transport.

PMID- 18158288
TI  - Tumor suppressor LATS1 is a negative regulator of oncogene YAP.
AB  - LATS (large tumor suppressor) or warts is a Ser/Thr kinase that belongs to the
      Ndr/LATS subfamily of AGC (protein kinase A/PKG/PKC) kinases. It is a tumor
      suppressor gene originally isolated from Drosophila and recently isolated from
      mice and humans. Drosophila or mice mutant for LATS develop tumors in various
      tissues. Recent studies in Drosophila demonstrate that LATS is a central player
      of an emerging tumor suppressor pathway called the Hippo-LATS/Warts pathway that
      suppresses tumor growth by regulating cell proliferation, cell growth, and cell
      death. Although tremendous progress has been made toward understanding the roles
      of LATS in tumorigenesis, the kinase substrates of LATS or downstream target
      proteins mediating LATS function remain largely unknown. In this study, we have
      provided convincing evidence that the LATS1 tumor suppressor can bind to and
      phosphorylate transcription regulator and oncogene YAP in vitro and in vivo. We
      have also identified HX(R/H/K)XX(S/T) as the consensus phosphorylation sequence
      for LATS/Ndr kinase substrates. Significantly, we have discovered that LATS1
      inactivates YAP oncogenic function by suppressing its transcription regulation of
      cellular genes via sequestration of YAP in the cytoplasm after phosphorylation of
      YAP. Finally, by using microarray analysis, we have also identified many
      oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes up-regulated or down-regulated by YAP. These
      research findings will have profound impacts on our understanding of the
      molecular mechanism of the LATS tumor suppressor and the emerging Hippo
      LATS/Warts pathway.

PMID- 18158289
TI  - One-year clinical outcomes with abciximab vs. placebo in patients with non-ST
      segment elevation acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary
      intervention after pre-treatment with clopidogrel: results of the ISAR-REACT 2
      randomized trial.
AB  - AIMS: The aim of this study is to investigate whether the benefit of abciximab in
      patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACSs)
      undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after pre-treatment with 600
      mg clopidogrel is sustained at 1 year. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed 1-year
      follow-up of 2022 high-risk patients with NSTE-ACS undergoing urgent PCI, who
      were randomized to abciximab or placebo after pre-treatment with 600 mg
      clopidogrel in the Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic Regimen: Rapid Early
      Action for Coronary Treatment 2 trial. The combined incidence of death,
      myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization at 1 year was the
      primary outcome analysis. At 1 year, the primary outcome was reached in 23.3% of
      patients allocated to abciximab vs. 28.0% of patients allocated to placebo
      [relative risk (RR) 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-0.95, P = 0.012]. The
      combined incidence of death or myocardial infarction was 11.6% in patients
      allocated to abciximab vs. 15.3% in patients allocated to placebo (RR 0.74, 95%
      CI 0.59-0.94, P = 0.015). CONCLUSION: In high-risk patients with NSTE-ACS
      undergoing a PCI after pre-treatment with 600 mg clopidogrel, adverse events
      occurred less frequently with abciximab and the early benefit was maintained at 1
      year after administration.

PMID- 18158290
TI  - What are the trade-offs between one-cell and two-cell biopsies of preimplantation
      embryos?

PMID- 18158291
TI  - Structured exercise training programme versus hypocaloric hyperproteic diet in
      obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients with anovulatory infertility: a 24-week
      pilot study.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Lifestyle modifications are successfully employed to treat obese and
      overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aims of the current
      pilot study were (i) to compare the efficacy on reproductive functions of a
      structured exercise training (SET) programme with a diet programme in obese PCOS
      patients and (ii) to study their clinical, hormonal and metabolic effects to
      elucidate potentially different mechanisms of action. METHODS: Forty obese PCOS
      patients with anovulatory infertility underwent a SET programme (SET group, n =
      20) and a hypocaloric hyperproteic diet (diet group, n = 20). Clinical, hormonal
      and metabolic data were assessed at baseline, and at 12- and 24-week follow-ups.
      Primary endpoint was cumulative pregnancy rate. RESULTS: The two groups had
      similar demographic, anthropometric and biochemical parameters. After
      intervention, a significant improvement in menstrual cycles and fertility was
      noted in both groups, with no differences between groups. The frequency of menses
      and the ovulation rate were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the SET group than
      in diet group but the increased cumulative pregnancy rate was not significant.
      Body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, insulin resistance indexes and
      serum levels of sex hormone-binding globulin, androstenedione and
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate changed significantly (P < 0.05) from baseline
      and were significantly different (P < 0.05) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS:
      Both SET and diet interventions improve fertility in obese PCOS patients with
      anovulatory infertility. We hypothesize that in both interventions an improvement
      in insulin sensitivity is the pivotal factor involved in the restoration of
      ovarian function but potentially acting through different mechanisms.

PMID- 18158292
TI  - Chronically ill Australians' satisfaction with accessibility and patient
      centredness.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of characteristics of patients and general
      practices with patient assessment of quality of care. DESIGN: Cross-sectional
      multi-practice study using the general practice assessment survey. SETTING:
      General practices in Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-six general practices and
      7505 chronic illness patients aged >or=18 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Access of
      care and patient-centredness. RESULTS: Two factors were identified in factor
      analysis: 'Access of care' and 'Patient-centredness'. Multilevel regression
      analysis showed significant associations between patients' assessments and
      patient and practice characteristics. Patients from smaller practices (one to
      three general practitioners) reported better access to care compared with larger
      practices. Patients from urban areas were more satisfied with patient-centredness
      than those from rural areas. Self-reported health status and age had a positive
      and home ownership, employment and education, and patients from non-English
      speaking countries a negative relationship with both scores. Females were more
      satisfied with patient-centredness. CONCLUSIONS: Patient assessments of quality
      of care and patient-centredness were strongly associated with practice and
      patient characteristics. This has important implications for interpreting
      assessments of the quality of primary care, and for policy and practice measures
      designed to improve this.

PMID- 18158293
TI  - The decision to perform Caesarean section in Russia.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Clinical practice in Russia is set out in a series of centralized
      guidelines. However, many of these guidelines are not supported by evidence and,
      despite their existence, there is considerable unexplained variation in practice.
      This study examines the decision to recommend a Caesarean section, an
      intervention for which there is a solid evidence base, but whose use varies
      considerably among facilities in Russia. AIM: To identify the factors that
      Russian obstetricians take into account when recommending a Caesarean section.
      METHODS: Conjoint analysis. Ninety-two obstetricians from three regions were
      asked to state whether they would recommend a Caesarean section in each of 30
      vignettes (including three for validation) combining 10 medical, social and
      organizational factors previously identified as contributing to the decision to
      intervene, including some absolute indications to intervene or not to, on the
      basis of international evidence. RESULTS: Checks for consistency within ratings
      by individuals gave no cause for concern. However, there was a wide variation in
      the probability of intervening among obstetricians, with six recommending
      intervention in only one scenario and one in 27 scenarios. Some factors were
      consistent with evidence but others were not, such as myopia or previous
      abortions. INTERVENTION: was more likely at 11 p.m. than at noon. Male
      obstetricians were more likely to intervene than females. CONCLUSION: This study
      highlights the importance of understanding clinical decision-making in Russia as
      a prelude to changing it.

PMID- 18158294
TI  - Safety in home care: a broadened perspective of patient safety.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Home care is the most rapidly growing segment of the Canadian
      healthcare system. Overwhelmingly, research on patient safety has been conducted
      within institutional settings, resulting in a significant knowledge gap about
      safety in homecare. Given the dramatic increase in the amount, acuity and
      complexity of health care being provided in the home and community, it is
      essential to develop our understanding of safety in this sector. OBJECTIVE: The
      objective of this paper is to describe the landscape of safety in home care in
      Canada. METHOD: This pan-Canadian initiative included three phases: a literature
      review, 20 key informant interviews and an invitational roundtable. Data were
      synthesized using a content analysis approach. RESULTS: Patient safety is a
      failure of systems rather than of humans; there are many change processes
      required to create safe environments; organizational culture and workplace
      factors are critical. Patients have a key role to play in their care and thus
      must be part of the patient safety discourse. Themes central to safety in home
      care are: the inextricably linked relationships and communication among
      clients/families and caregivers/providers; unregulated and uncontrolled settings,
      autonomy and isolation; the multidimensionality of safety (physical, emotional,
      social, functional); a diminishing focus on prevention, health promotion and
      chronic care; challenges of human resources and maintenance of competence.
      CONCLUSION: Addressing safety in home care and mitigating the risks presents
      unique challenges and requires a major rethink of underlying institutionally
      oriented assumptions and guiding frameworks.

PMID- 18158295
TI  - Perceptions of preventable medical errors in Alberta, Canada.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: (i) To compare public perceptions of the frequency, responsibility,
      causes and solutions for preventable medical errors for persons who report and do
      not report having experienced a preventable medical error while receiving
      healthcare services in Alberta, Canada. (ii) To describe public opinion about
      confidentiality and disclosure of preventable medical error. (iii) To examine the
      relationship between reporting preventable medical error and perceived quality of
      the healthcare system. METHODS: Population-based telephone survey. Households
      selected by random digit dialing and individual in household selected by most
      recent birthday. Province of Alberta, Canada. Representative sample of adult
      Albertans (N = 1500). Public perceptions of the frequency, responsibility, causes
      and solutions for preventable medical error; opinions about confidentiality and
      disclosure; perceived quality of the healthcare system. RESULTS: Five hundred and
      fifty-nine (37.3%; 95% CI 34.8-39.8%) of 1500 respondents reported that they or a
      family member had ever experienced a preventable medical error while receiving
      health care in Alberta, Canada. Respondents who reported a preventable medical
      error were more likely to believe that preventable medical errors occur with
      greater frequency, were less likely to think that their doctor would tell them if
      a preventable medical error was made in their care, and tended to rate the
      quality of the healthcare system less favourably. CONCLUSION: This paper provides
      healthcare managers and policymakers with insight into the public's perceptions
      of preventable medical error and may facilitate the development of strategies to
      improve patient safety, public confidence and public satisfaction with the
      healthcare system.

PMID- 18158296
TI  - The microRNA.org resource: targets and expression.
AB  - MicroRNA.org (http://www.microrna.org) is a comprehensive resource of microRNA
      target predictions and expression profiles. Target predictions are based on a
      development of the miRanda algorithm which incorporates current biological
      knowledge on target rules and on the use of an up-to-date compendium of mammalian
      microRNAs. MicroRNA expression profiles are derived from a comprehensive
      sequencing project of a large set of mammalian tissues and cell lines of normal
      and disease origin. Using an improved graphical interface, a user can explore (i)
      the set of genes that are potentially regulated by a particular microRNA, (ii)
      the implied cooperativity of multiple microRNAs on a particular mRNA and (iii)
      microRNA expression profiles in various tissues. To facilitate future updates and
      development, the microRNA.org database structure and software architecture is
      flexibly designed to incorporate new expression and target discoveries. The web
      resource provides users with functional information about the growing number of
      microRNAs and their interaction with target genes in many species and facilitates
      novel discoveries in microRNA gene regulation.

PMID- 18158297
TI  - RegulonDB (version 6.0): gene regulation model of Escherichia coli K-12 beyond
      transcription, active (experimental) annotated promoters and Textpresso
      navigation.
AB  - RegulonDB (http://regulondb.ccg.unam.mx/) is the primary reference database
      offering curated knowledge of the transcriptional regulatory network of
      Escherichia coli K12, currently the best-known electronically encoded database of
      the genetic regulatory network of any free-living organism. This paper summarizes
      the improvements, new biology and new features available in version 6.0. Curation
      of original literature is, from now on, up to date for every new release. All the
      objects are supported by their corresponding evidences, now classified as strong
      or weak. Transcription factors are classified by origin of their effectors and by
      gene ontology class. We have now computational predictions for sigma(54) and five
      different promoter types of the sigma(70) family, as well as their corresponding 
      10 and -35 boxes. In addition to those curated from the literature, we added
      about 300 experimentally mapped promoters coming from our own high-throughput
      mapping efforts. RegulonDB v.6.0 now expands beyond transcription initiation,
      including RNA regulatory elements, specifically riboswitches, attenuators and
      small RNAs, with their known associated targets. The data can be accessed through
      overviews of correlations about gene regulation. RegulonDB associated original
      literature, together with more than 4000 curation notes, can now be searched with
      the Textpresso text mining engine.

PMID- 18158298
TI  - MIPS: analysis and annotation of genome information in 2007.
AB  - The Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences (MIPS-GSF, Neuherberg,
      Germany) combines automatic processing of large amounts of sequences with manual
      annotation of selected model genomes. Due to the massive growth of the available
      data, the depth of annotation varies widely between independent databases. Also,
      the criteria for the transfer of information from known to orthologous sequences
      are diverse. To cope with the task of global in-depth genome annotation has
      become unfeasible. Therefore, our efforts are dedicated to three levels of
      annotation: (i) the curation of selected genomes, in particular from fungal and
      plant taxa (e.g. CYGD, MNCDB, MatDB), (ii) the comprehensive, consistent,
      automatic annotation employing exhaustive methods for the computation of sequence
      similarities and sequence-related attributes as well as the classification of
      individual sequences (SIMAP, PEDANT and FunCat) and (iii) the compilation of
      manually curated databases for protein interactions based on scrutinized
      information from the literature to serve as an accepted set of reliable annotated
      interaction data (MPACT, MPPI, CORUM). All databases and tools described as well
      as the detailed descriptions of our projects can be accessed through the MIPS web
      server (http://mips.gsf.de).

PMID- 18158299
TI  - The Mouse Genome Database (MGD): mouse biology and model systems.
AB  - The Mouse Genome Database, (MGD, http://www.informatics.jax.org/), integrates
      genetic, genomic and phenotypic information about the laboratory mouse, a primary
      animal model for studying human biology and disease. MGD data content includes
      comprehensive characterization of genes and their functions, standardized
      descriptions of mouse phenotypes, extensive integration of DNA and protein
      sequence data, normalized representation of genome and genome variant information
      including comparative data on mammalian genes. Data within MGD are obtained from
      diverse sources including manual curation of the biomedical literature, direct
      contributions from individual investigator's laboratories and major informatics
      resource centers such as Ensembl, UniProt and NCBI. MGD collaborates with the
      bioinformatics community on the development of data and semantic standards such
      as the Gene Ontology (GO) and the Mammalian Phenotype (MP) Ontology. MGD provides
      a data-mining platform that enables the development of translational research
      hypotheses based on comparative genotype, phenotype and functional analyses. Both
      web-based querying and computational access to data are provided. Recent
      improvements in MGD described here include the association of gene trap data with
      mouse genes and a new batch query capability for customized data access and
      retrieval.

PMID- 18158300
TI  - A conserved U-rich RNA region implicated in regulation of translation in
      Plasmodium female gametocytes.
AB  - Translational repression (TR) plays an important role in post-transcriptional
      regulation of gene expression and embryonic development in metazoans. TR also
      regulates the expression of a subset of the cytoplasmic mRNA population during
      development of fertilized female gametes of the unicellular malaria parasite,
      Plasmodium spp. which results in the formation of a polar and motile form, the
      ookinete. We report the conserved and sex-specific regulatory role of either the
      3'- or 5'-UTR of a subset of translationally repressed mRNA species as shown by
      almost complete inhibition of expression of a GFP reporter protein in the female
      gametocyte. A U-rich, TR-associated element, identified previously in the 3'-UTR
      of TR-associated transcripts, played an essential role in mediating TR and a
      similar region could be found in the 5'-UTR shown in this study to be active in
      TR. The silencing effect of this 5'-UTR was shown to be independent of its
      position relative to its ORF, as transposition to a location 3' of the ORF did
      not affect TR. These results demonstrate for the first time in a unicellular
      organism that the 5' or the 3'-UTR of TR-associated transcripts play an important
      and conserved role in mediating TR in female gametocytes.

PMID- 18158301
TI  - G-quadruplex preferentially forms at the very 3' end of vertebrate telomeric DNA.
AB  - Human chromosome ends are protected with kilobases repeats of TTAGGG. Telomere
      DNA shortens at replication. This shortening in most tumor cells is compensated
      by telomerase that adds telomere repeats to the 3' end of the G-rich telomere
      strand. Four TTAGGG repeats can fold into G-quadruplex that is a poor substrate
      for telomerase. This property has been suggested to regulate telomerase activity
      in vivo and telomerase inhibition via G-quadruplex stabilization is considered a
      therapeutic strategy against cancer. Theoretically G-quadruplex can form anywhere
      along the long G-rich strand. Where G-quadruplex forms determines whether the 3'
      telomere end is accessible to telomerase and may have implications in other
      functions telomere plays. We investigated G-quadruplex formation at different
      positions by DMS footprinting and exonuclease hydrolysis. We show that G
      quadruplex preferentially forms at the very 3' end than at internal positions.
      This property provides a molecular basis for telomerase inhibition by G
      quadruplex formation. Moreover, it may also regulate those processes that depend
      on the structure of the very 3' telomere end, for instance, the alternative
      lengthening of telomere mechanism, telomere T-loop formation, telomere end
      protection and the replication of bulky telomere DNA. Therefore, targeting
      telomere G-quadruplex may influence more telomere functions than simply
      inhibiting telomerase.

PMID- 18158302
TI  - Characterization of a ribonuclease III-like protein required for cleavage of the
      pre-rRNA in the 3'ETS in Arabidopsis.
AB  - Ribonuclease III (RNaseIII) is responsible for processing and maturation of RNA
      precursors into functional rRNA, mRNA and other small RNA. In contrast to
      bacterial and yeast cells, higher eukaryotes contain at least three classes of
      RNaseIII, including class IV or dicer-like proteins. Here, we describe the
      functional characterization of AtRTL2, an Arabidopsis thaliana RNaseIII-like
      protein that belongs to a small family of genes distinct from the dicer family.
      We demonstrate that AtRTL2 is required for 3'external transcribed spacer (ETS)
      cleavage of the pre-rRNA in vivo. AtRTL2 localizes in the nucleus and cytoplasm,
      a nuclear export signal (NES) in the N-terminal sequence probably controlling
      AtRTL2 cellular localization. The modeled 3D structure of the RNaseIII domain of
      AtRTL2 is similar to the bacterial RNaseIII domain, suggesting a comparable
      catalytic mechanism. However, unlike bacterial RNaseIII, the AtRTL2 protein forms
      a highly salt-resistant homodimer that is only disrupted on treatment with DTT.
      These data indicate that AtRTL2 may use a dimeric mechanism to cleave double
      stranded RNA, but unlike bacterial or yeast RNase III proteins, AtRTL2 forms
      homodimers through formation of disulfide bonds, suggesting that redox conditions
      may operate to regulate the activity of RNaseIII.

PMID- 18158303
TI  - Structural insights into RNA-dependent eukaryal and archaeal selenocysteine
      formation.
AB  - The micronutrient selenium is present in proteins as selenocysteine (Sec). In
      eukaryotes and archaea, Sec is formed in a tRNA-dependent conversion of O
      phosphoserine (Sep) by O-phosphoseryl-tRNA:selenocysteinyl-tRNA synthase
      (SepSecS). Here, we present the crystal structure of Methanococcus maripaludis
      SepSecS complexed with PLP at 2.5 A resolution. SepSecS, a member of the Fold
      Type I PLP enzyme family, forms an (alpha2)2 homotetramer through its N-terminal
      extension. The active site lies on the dimer interface with each monomer
      contributing essential residues. In contrast to other Fold Type I PLP enzymes,
      Asn247 in SepSecS replaces the conserved Asp in binding the pyridinium nitrogen
      of PLP. A structural comparison with Escherichia coli selenocysteine lyase
      allowed construction of a model of Sep binding to the SepSecS catalytic site.
      Mutations of three conserved active site arginines (Arg72, Arg94, Arg307),
      protruding from the neighboring subunit, led to loss of in vivo and in vitro
      activity. The lack of active site cysteines demonstrates that a perselenide is
      not involved in SepSecS-catalyzed Sec formation; instead, the conserved arginines
      may facilitate the selenation reaction. Structural phylogeny shows that SepSecS
      evolved early in the history of PLP enzymes, and indicates that tRNA-dependent
      Sec formation is a primordial process.

PMID- 18158304
TI  - Antagonism of microRNA-122 in mice by systemically administered LNA-antimiR leads
      to up-regulation of a large set of predicted target mRNAs in the liver.
AB  - MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is an abundant liver-specific miRNA, implicated in fatty
      acid and cholesterol metabolism as well as hepatitis C viral replication. Here,
      we report that a systemically administered 16-nt, unconjugated LNA (locked
      nucleic acid)-antimiR oligonucleotide complementary to the 5' end of miR-122
      leads to specific, dose-dependent silencing of miR-122 and shows no
      hepatotoxicity in mice. Antagonism of miR-122 is due to formation of stable
      heteroduplexes between the LNA-antimiR and miR-122 as detected by northern
      analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated uptake of the LNA
      antimiR in mouse liver cells, which was accompanied by markedly reduced
      hybridization signals for mature miR-122 in treated mice. Functional antagonism
      of miR-122 was inferred from a low cholesterol phenotype and de-repression within
      24 h of 199 liver mRNAs showing significant enrichment for miR-122 seed matches
      in their 3' UTRs. Expression profiling extended to 3 weeks after the last LNA
      antimiR dose revealed that most of the changes in liver gene expression were
      normalized to saline control levels coinciding with normalized miR-122 and plasma
      cholesterol levels. Combined, these data suggest that miRNA antagonists comprised
      of LNA are valuable tools for identifying miRNA targets in vivo and for studying
      the biological role of miRNAs and miRNA-associated gene-regulatory networks in a
      physiological context.

PMID- 18158305
TI  - Comprehensive features of natural and in vitro selected GNRA tetraloop-binding
      receptors.
AB  - Specific recognitions of GNRA tetraloops by small helical receptors are among the
      most widespread long-range packing interactions in large ribozymes. However, in
      contrast to GYRA and GAAA tetraloops, very few GNRA/receptor interactions have
      yet been identified to involve GGAA tetraloops in nature. A novel in vitro
      selection scheme based on a rigid self-assembling tectoRNA scaffold designed for
      isolation of intermolecular interactions with A-minor motifs has yielded new GGAA
      tetraloop-binding receptors with affinity in the nanomolar range. One of the
      selected receptors is a novel 12 nt RNA motif, (CCUGUG ... AUCUGG), that
      recognizes GGAA tetraloop hairpin with a remarkable specificity and affinity. Its
      physical and chemical characteristics are comparable to those of the well-studied
      '11nt' GAAA tetraloop receptor motif. A second less specific motif (CCCAGCCC ...
      GAUAGGG) binds GGRA tetraloops and appears to be related to group IC3 tetraloop
      receptors. Mutational, thermodynamic and comparative structural analysis suggests
      that natural and in vitro selected GNRA receptors can essentially be grouped in
      two major classes of GNRA binders. New insights about the evolution, recognition
      and structural modularity of GNRA and A-minor RNA-RNA interactions are proposed.

PMID- 18158306
TI  - Anthocyanin inhibits propidium iodide DNA fluorescence in Euphorbia pulcherrima:
      implications for genome size variation and flow cytometry.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Measuring genome size by flow cytometry assumes direct
      proportionality between nuclear DNA staining and DNA amount. By 1997 it was
      recognized that secondary metabolites may affect DNA staining, thereby causing
      inaccuracy. Here experiments are reported with poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)
      with green leaves and red bracts rich in phenolics. METHODS: DNA content was
      estimated as fluorescence of propidium iodide (PI)-stained nuclei of poinsettia
      and/or pea (Pisum sativum) using flow cytometry. Tissue was chopped, or two
      tissues co-chopped, in Galbraith buffer alone or with six concentrations of
      cyanidin-3-rutinoside (a cyanidin-3-rhamnoglucoside contributing to red
      coloration in poinsettia). KEY RESULTS: There were large differences in PI
      staining (35-70 %) between 2C nuclei from green leaf and red bract tissue in
      poinsettia. These largely disappeared when pea leaflets were co-chopped with
      poinsettia tissue as an internal standard. However, smaller (2.8-6.9 %)
      differences remained, and red bracts gave significantly lower 1C genome size
      estimates (1.69-1.76 pg) than green leaves (1.81 pg). Chopping pea or poinsettia
      tissue in buffer with 0-200 microm cyanidin-3-rutinoside showed that the effects
      of natural inhibitors in red bracts of poinsettia on PI staining were largely
      reproduced in a dose-dependent way by this anthocyanin. CONCLUSIONS: Given their
      near-ubiquitous distribution, many suspected roles and known affects on DNA
      staining, anthocyanins are a potent, potential cause of significant error
      variation in genome size estimations for many plant tissues and taxa. This has
      important implications of wide practical and theoretical significance. When
      choosing genome size calibration standards it seems prudent to select materials
      producing little or no anthocyanin. Reviewing the literature identifies clear
      examples in which claims of intraspecific variation in genome size are probably
      artefacts caused by natural variation in anthocyanin levels or correlated with
      environmental factors known to induce variation in pigmentation.

PMID- 18158307
TI  - Genome size and GC content evolution of Festuca: ancestral expansion and
      subsequent reduction.
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Plant evolution is well known to be frequently associated
      with remarkable changes in genome size and composition; however, the knowledge of
      long-term evolutionary dynamics of these processes still remains very limited.
      Here a study is made of the fine dynamics of quantitative genome evolution in
      Festuca (fescue), the largest genus in Poaceae (grasses). METHODS: Using flow
      cytometry (PI, DAPI), measurements were made of DNA content (2C-value), monoploid
      genome size (Cx-value), average chromosome size (C/n-value) and cytosine +
      guanine (GC) content of 101 Festuca taxa and 14 of their close relatives. The
      results were compared with the existing phylogeny based on ITS and trnL-F
      sequences. KEY RESULTS: The divergence of the fescue lineage from related Poeae
      was predated by about a 2-fold monoploid genome and chromosome size enlargement,
      and apparent GC content enrichment. The backward reduction of these parameters,
      running parallel in both main evolutionary lineages of fine-leaved and broad
      leaved fescues, appears to diverge among the existing species groups. The most
      dramatic reductions are associated with the most recently and rapidly evolving
      groups which, in combination with recent intraspecific genome size variability,
      indicate that the reduction process is probably ongoing and evolutionarily young.
      This dynamics may be a consequence of GC-rich retrotransposon proliferation and
      removal. Polyploids derived from parents with a large genome size and high GC
      content (mostly allopolyploids) had smaller Cx- and C/n-values and only slightly
      deviated from parental GC content, whereas polyploids derived from parents with
      small genome and low GC content (mostly autopolyploids) generally had a markedly
      increased GC content and slightly higher Cx- and C/n-values. CONCLUSIONS: The
      present study indicates the high potential of general quantitative characters of
      the genome for understanding the long-term processes of genome evolution, testing
      evolutionary hypotheses and their usefulness for large-scale genomic projects.
      Taken together, the results suggest that there is an evolutionary advantage for
      small genomes in Festuca.

PMID- 18158309
TI  - Differential aggregation and functional impairment induced by polyalanine
      expansions in FOXL2, a transcription factor involved in cranio-facial and ovarian
      development.
AB  - Polyalanine (polyAla) tract expansions have been associated with an increasing
      number of human diseases. Here, we have undertaken a functional study of the
      effects of polyAla expansions in the context of the transcription factor FOXL2,
      involved in cranio-facial and ovarian development. Using two cellular models, we
      show that FOXL2 polyAla expansions lead to protein mislocalization and
      aggregation in a length-dependent manner. The fraction of cells containing
      cytoplasmic staining displays a sigmoidal relationship with respect to the length
      of the polyAla tract, suggesting the existence of a threshold length above which
      protein mislocalization occurs. The existence of such a threshold might be
      rationalized if we consider that the longer the polyAla tract is, the higher its
      tendency to misfolding or to inducing spurious interactions with cytoplasmic
      components. To study the intranuclear dynamics of polyAla-expanded FOXL2, we
      performed fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments. The most
      unexpected result concerned the pathogenic protein containing 19 Ala residues in
      the run, which was virtually immobile, although this variant does not present a
      classical aggregation pattern. Luciferase assays and real time RT-PCR of many
      potential target genes showed that polyAla expansions induce different losses of
      activity according to the target promoters tested. We provide molecular
      explanations for these findings. Although our main focus is the mechanisms of
      pathogenesis of polyAla-expanded proteins, we discuss the potential relevance of
      polyAla length variation in micro- and macroevolution because polyAla-containing
      proteins tend to be transcription factors.

PMID- 18158310
TI  - Changes in heparan sulfate are associated with delayed wound repair, altered cell
      migration, adhesion and contractility in the galactosyltransferase I (beta4GalT
      7) deficient form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
AB  - Reduced activity of beta4-galactosyltransferase 7 (beta4GalT-7), an enzyme
      involved in synthesizing the glycosaminoglycan linkage region of proteoglycans,
      is associated with the progeroid form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). In the
      invertebrates Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, mutations in
      beta4GalT-7 affect biosynthesis of heparan sulfate (HS), a modulator of several
      biological processes relevant to wound repair. We have analyzed structural
      alterations of HS and their functional consequences in human beta4GalT-7
      Arg270Cys mutant EDS and control fibroblasts. HS disaccharide analysis by
      reversed phase ion-pairing chromatography revealed a reduced sulfation degree of
      HS paralleled by altered immunostaining patterns for the phage-display anti-HS
      antibodies HS4E4 and RB4EA12 in beta4GalT-7 mutant fibroblasts. Real-time PCR
      analysis of 44 genes involved in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis indicated that
      the structural alterations in HS were not caused by differential regulation at
      the transcriptional level. Scratch wound closure was delayed in beta4GalT-7
      deficient cells, which could be mimicked by enzymatic removal of HS in control
      cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of beta4GalT-7 expression induced morphological
      changes in control fibroblasts which suggested altered cell-matrix interactions.
      Adhesion of beta4GalT-7 deficient cells to fibronectin was increased while actin
      stress fiber formation was impaired relative to control cells. Also collagen gel
      contraction was delayed in the beta4GalT-7 mutants which showed a reduced
      formation of pseudopodia and filopodia, less efficient penetration of the
      collagen gels and a diminished formation of collagen suprastructures. Our study
      suggests an HS-dependent basic mechanism behind the altered wound repair
      phenotype of beta4GalT-7-deficient EDS patients.

PMID- 18158311
TI  - Effect of chest compressions on the time taken to insert airway devices in a
      manikin.
AB  - BACKGROUND: Resuscitation guidelines recommend that chest compressions should
      continue throughout attempts to place airway devices. Few data support the use of
      the tracheal tube over supraglottic airway devices (SADs) during cardiopulmonary
      arrest. This study was designed to evaluate the speed with which different airway
      devices could be placed with and without interrupting chest compressions.
      METHODS: Forty volunteer doctors regularly involved in cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation (CPR) were timed inserting four different airway devices [tracheal
      tube (TT), LMA Classic (cLMA), LMA ProSeal (PLMA), and igel] into a manikin, with
      and without stopping chest compressions. RESULTS: Chest compressions delayed the
      placement of the TT only (3.3 s, P<0.0001). Comparison of the speed of insertion
      of the different airway devices during CPR enabled ranking of the devices: igel
      (fastest), PLMA (second), and TT and cLMA (joint slowest). The igel was inserted
      approximately 50% faster than the other devices. Doctors who had previously
      inserted more than 50 tracheal tubes were significantly faster at intubating the
      trachea, but no faster at inserting SADs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that
      continuing chest compressions has a minor effect on time for tracheal intubation
      and until clear human data are available the recommendation to intubate without
      interrupting CPR is therefore justified. The PLMA and igel (SADs with a gastric
      drain tube) were both faster to insert than the cLMA and offer additional
      benefits. They should be considered for use in CPR.

PMID- 18158312
TI  - Effects of colloid and crystalloid solutions on endogenous activation of
      fibrinolysis and resistance of polymerized fibrin to recombinant tissue
      plasminogen activator added ex vivo.
AB  - BACKGROUND: The study was conducted to explore the effects of colloid and
      crystalloid solutions on activation of fibrinolysis during orthopaedic surgery
      and to determine whether fluids facilitate clot dissolution at a particular
      fibrinolytic activity. METHODS: Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and
      plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured in plasma samples of 66
      orthopaedic patients randomly receiving gelatin solution, hydroxyethyl starch
      (HES) (130/0.4), or exclusively Ringer's lactate solution. Plasma obtained before
      induction of anaesthesia (undiluted) and at the end of surgery (diluted) was
      exposed to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) in vitro and analysed
      by modified thrombelastography (ROTEM). RESULTS: There were similar changes in t
      PA and PAI-1 concentrations in the gelatin, HES, and Ringer's lactate groups.
      When compared with the effect of r-tPA on undiluted plasma samples, the presence
      of colloids prompted faster clot dissolution than did Ringer's lactate solution.
      Lysis index at 30 min decreased significantly [median (min/max); P vs Ringer's
      lactate solution] to 43 (1/82)% (P=0.007), 14 (3/70)% (P<0.001), and 91 (34/97)%,
      lysis onset time decreased to 1269 (1054/1743) s (P=0.007), 972 (490/1565) s
      (P<0.001), and 1970 (1260/2165) s, and lysis time to 2469 (1586/3303) s
      (P=0.019), 2002 (1569/3600) s (P=0.006), and 3012 (2017/3600) s in the gelatin,
      HES, and Ringer's lactate groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The type of i.v.
      fluid used does not influence endogenously occurring fibrinolytic activity in
      patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery. However, during hyperfibrinolysis,
      the presence of HES or gelatin solution facilitates clot disintegration to a
      greater extent than Ringer's lactate solution, because the weaker clots formed
      with colloids dissolve faster.

PMID- 18158314
TI  - Evidence behind the WHO guidelines: hospital care for children: what are the
      risks of formula feeding in children of HIV-infected mothers?

PMID- 18158315
TI  - Reduced error-related activation in two anterior cingulate circuits is related to
      impaired performance in schizophrenia.
AB  - To perform well on any challenging task, it is necessary to evaluate your
      performance so that you can learn from errors. Recent theoretical and
      experimental work suggests that the neural sequellae of error commission in a
      dorsal anterior cingulate circuit index a type of contingency- or reinforcement
      based learning, while activation in a rostral anterior cingulate circuit reflects
      appraisal of the affective or motivational significance of errors. Patients with
      schizophrenia show rigid, perseverative behaviour that is not optimally
      responsive to outcome. Findings of reduced anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)
      activity during error commission in schizophrenia suggest that difficulties in
      evaluating and modifying behaviour in response to errors may contribute to
      behavioural rigidity. Using event-related functional MRI and an antisaccade
      paradigm with concurrent monitoring of eye position, the present study examined
      error-related activation and its relation to task performance in the anatomic
      components of two ACC circuits that are theorized to make distinct contributions
      to error processing. Eighteen chronic-medicated schizophrenia patients and 15
      healthy controls participated. Compared to controls, patients showed increased
      antisaccade error rates and decreased error-related activation in the
      reinforcement learning network--dorsal ACC, striatum and brainstem (possibly
      substantia nigra)--and also in the affective appraisal network--rostral ACC,
      insula and amygdala. These reductions remained when the effects of antipsychotic
      medication dose and error rate were statistically controlled. Activation in these
      networks was inversely related to error rate in both patient and control groups,
      but the slope of this relation was shallower in patients (i.e. across
      participants with schizophrenia, decrements in error rate were associated with
      smaller decrements in activation). This indicates that the blunted neural
      response to errors in schizophrenia was not simply a reflection of more frequent
      errors. Our findings demonstrate a blunted response to error commission that is
      associated with worse performance in two ACC circuits in schizophrenia. In the
      dACC circuit, the blunted response may reflect deficient modification of
      prepotent stimulus-response mappings in response to errors, and in the rACC
      network it may reflect diminished concern regarding behavioural outcomes.
      However, despite these deficits and in the absence of external feedback regarding
      errors, patients corrected their errors as frequently as controls suggesting
      intact error recognition and ability to institute corrective action. Impairments
      in evaluating and learning from errors in schizophrenia may contribute to
      behaviour that is rigid and perseverative rather than optimally guided by
      outcomes, and may compromise performance across a wide range of tasks.

PMID- 18158316
TI  - Clinical and neuropathologic features of progressive supranuclear palsy with
      severe pallido-nigro-luysial degeneration and axonal dystrophy.
AB  - Pallido-nigro-luysial atrophy (PNLA) is a rare disorder that in many cases has
      histopathological features similar to progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). In a
      pathological series of over 400 cases of PSP, eight cases were noted to have
      features similar to those described in PNLA, including severe atrophy and
      neuronal loss in the globus pallidus, substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus,
      in addition to many axonal spheroids in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra.
      These eight cases of PSP-PNLA were compared to 11 typical PSP cases with
      quantitative neuropathologic indices and assessment of demographics, clinical
      features and the timing of clinical features. PSP-PNLA cases were younger, had
      longer disease duration and more often were not initially diagnosed with PSP; in
      the end, they did not differ from PSP with respect to any major clinical feature.
      The clinical course of PSP-PNLA, however, was different, with earlier gait
      abnormalities and difficulty with handwriting, but later falls, rigidity and
      dysphagia than PSP. Pathologically, the same types of lesions were detected in
      both PSP and PSP-PNLA, but there were differences in the distribution and density
      of tau-pathology, with less tau-pathology in motor cortex, striatum, pontine
      nuclei and cerebellum in PSP-PNLA. These clinical and pathological findings
      suggest that PSP-PNLA should be considered a variant of PSP.

PMID- 18158317
TI  - OPA1 mutations induce mitochondrial DNA instability and optic atrophy 'plus'
      phenotypes.
AB  - Mutations in OPA1, a dynamin-related GTPase involved in mitochondrial fusion,
      cristae organization and control of apoptosis, have been linked to non-syndromic
      optic neuropathy transmitted as an autosomal-dominant trait (DOA). We here report
      on eight patients from six independent families showing that mutations in the
      OPA1 gene can also be responsible for a syndromic form of DOA associated with
      sensorineural deafness, ataxia, axonal sensory-motor polyneuropathy, chronic
      progressive external ophthalmoplegia and mitochondrial myopathy with cytochrome c
      oxidase negative and Ragged Red Fibres. Most remarkably, we demonstrate that
      these patients all harboured multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in
      their skeletal muscle, thus revealing an unrecognized role of the OPA1 protein in
      mtDNA stability. The five OPA1 mutations associated with these DOA 'plus'
      phenotypes were all mis-sense point mutations affecting highly conserved amino
      acid positions and the nuclear genes previously known to induce mtDNA multiple
      deletions such as POLG1, PEO1 (Twinkle) and SLC25A4 (ANT1) were ruled out. Our
      results show that certain OPA1 mutations exert a dominant negative effect
      responsible for multi-systemic disease, closely related to classical
      mitochondrial cytopathies, by a mechanism involving mtDNA instability.

PMID- 18158318
TI  - Regulation of liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis by suppressor of
      cytokine signaling 3.
AB  - Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) down-regulates several signaling
      pathways in multiple cell types, and previous data suggest that SOCS3 may shut
      off cytokine activation at the early stages of liver regeneration (Campbell,
      J.S., L. Prichard, F. Schaper, J. Schmitz, A. Stephenson-Famy, M.E. Rosenfeld,
      G.M. Argast, P.C. Heinrich, and N. Fausto. 2001.J. Clin. Invest. 107:1285-1292).
      We developed Socs3 hepatocyte-specific knockout (Socs3 h-KO) mice to directly
      study the role of SOCS3 during liver regeneration after a two-thirds partial
      hepatectomy (PH). Socs3 h-KO mice demonstrate marked enhancement of DNA
      replication and liver weight restoration after PH in comparison with littermate
      controls. Without SOCS3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
      (STAT3) phosphorylation is prolonged, and activation of the mitogenic
      extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is enhanced after PH. In
      vitro, we show that SOCS3 deficiency enhances hepatocyte proliferation in
      association with enhanced STAT3 and ERK activation after epidermal growth factor
      or interleukin 6 stimulation. Microarray analyses show that SOCS3 modulates a
      distinct set of genes, which fall into diverse physiological categories, after
      PH. Using a model of chemical-induced carcinogenesis, we found that Socs3 h-KO
      mice develop hepatocellular carcinoma at an accelerated rate. By acting on
      cytokines and multiple proliferative pathways, SOCS3 modulates both physiological
      and neoplastic proliferative processes in the liver and may act as a tumor
      suppressor.

PMID- 18158319
TI  - Regulation of cellular zinc balance as a potential mechanism of EVER-mediated
      protection against pathogenesis by cutaneous oncogenic human papillomaviruses.
AB  - Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a genodermatosis associated with skin
      cancers that results from a selective susceptibility to related human
      papillomaviruses (EV HPV). Invalidating mutations in either of two genes (EVER1
      and EVER2) with unknown functions cause most EV cases. We report that EVER1 and
      EVER2 proteins form a complex and interact with the zinc transporter 1 (ZnT-1),
      as shown by yeast two-hybrid screening, GST pull-down, and immunoprecipitation
      experiments. In keratinocytes, EVER and ZnT-1 proteins do not influence
      intracellular zinc concentration, but do affect intracellular zinc distribution.
      EVER2 was found to inhibit free zinc influx to nucleoli. Keratinocytes with a
      mutated EVER2 grew faster than wild-type keratinocytes. In transiently and stably
      transfected HaCaT cells, EVER and ZnT-1 down-regulated transcription factors
      stimulated by zinc (MTF-1) or cytokines (c-Jun and Elk), as detected with
      luciferase assays. To get some insight into the control of EV HPV infection, we
      searched for interaction between EVER and ZnT-1 and oncoproteins of cutaneous
      (HPV5) and genital (HPV16) genotypes. HPV16 E5 protein binds to EVER and ZnT-1
      and blocks their negative regulation. The lack of a functional E5 protein encoded
      by EV HPV genome may account for host restriction of these viruses.

PMID- 18158320
TI  - Syndecan-4 protects against osteopontin-mediated acute hepatic injury by masking
      functional domains of osteopontin.
AB  - Osteopontin (OPN) is a T helper type 1 immunoregulatory cytokine that plays a
      critical role in various inflammatory disorders. OPN exerts proinflammatory
      reactions through interaction with integrin receptors. OPN function can be
      modulated by protease digestion. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate
      OPN function in vivo have not been elucidated. There are two putative heparin
      binding domains (HBDs) within the OPN molecule, which may bind both heparin and
      heparin-like glycosaminoglycans such as syndecan. We show that expression of OPN
      and syndecan-4 is significantly up-regulated after concanavalin-A (ConA)
      injection. Syndecan-4 binds to one of the HBDs of OPN, which overlaps with the
      thrombin cleavage site of OPN. When OPN is associated with syndecan-4, syndecan-4
      masks both the thrombin cleavage and the integrin binding sites within OPN.
      Importantly, syndecan-4-deficient (Syn4KO) mice are more susceptible to hepatic
      injury, and the thrombin-cleaved form of OPN is significantly elevated in Syn4KO
      mice as compared with wild-type mice after ConA injection. Finally, we
      demonstrate that administration of purified syndecan-4 protects mice from ConA
      induced hepatic injury. Thus, syndecan-4 is a critical intrinsic regulator of
      inflammatory reactions via its effects on OPN function and is a potential novel
      therapeutic tool for treating inflammatory diseases.

PMID- 18158322
TI  - Integration of horizontally transferred genes into regulatory interaction
      networks takes many million years.
AB  - Adaptation of bacteria to new or changing environments is often associated with
      the uptake of foreign genes through horizontal gene transfer. However, it has
      remained unclear how (and how fast) new genes are integrated into their host's
      cellular networks. Combining the regulatory and protein interaction networks of
      Escherichia coli with comparative genomics tools, we provide the first systematic
      analysis of this issue. Genes transferred recently have fewer interaction
      partners compared to nontransferred genes in both regulatory and protein
      interaction networks. Thus, horizontally transferred genes involved in complex
      regulatory and protein-protein interactions are rarely favored by selection. Only
      few protein-protein interactions are gained after the initial integration of
      genes following the transfer event. In contrast, transferred genes are gradually
      integrated into the regulatory network of their host over evolutionary time.
      During adaptation to the host cellular environment, horizontally transferred
      genes recruit existing transcription factors of the host, reflected in the fast
      evolutionary rates of the cis-regulatory regions of transferred genes. Further,
      genes resulting from increasingly ancient transfer events show increasing numbers
      of transcriptional regulators as well as improved coregulation with interacting
      proteins. Fine-tuned integration of horizontally transferred genes into the
      regulatory network spans more than 8-22 million years and encompasses accelerated
      evolution of regulatory regions, stabilization of protein-protein interactions,
      and changes in codon usage.

PMID- 18158323
TI  - Reevaluation of the cox1 group I intron in Araceae and angiosperms indicates a
      history dominated by loss rather than horizontal transfer.
AB  - The origin and modes of transmission of introns remain matters of much debate.
      Previous studies of the group I intron in the angiosperm cox1 gene inferred
      frequent angiosperm-to-angiosperm horizontal transmission of the intron from
      apparent incongruence between intron phylogenies and angiosperm phylogenies,
      patchy distribution of the intron among angiosperms, and differences between cox1
      exonic coconversion tracts (the first 22 nt downstream of where the intron
      inserted). We analyzed the cox1 gene in 179 angiosperms, 110 of them containing
      the intron (intron(+)) and 69 lacking it (intron(-)). Our taxon sampling in
      Araceae is especially dense to test hypotheses about vertical and horizontal
      intron transmission put forward by Cho and Palmer (1999. Multiple acquisitions
      via horizontal transfer of a group I intron in the mitochondrial coxl gene during
      evolution of the Araceae family. Mol Biol Evol. 16:1155-1165). Maximum likelihood
      trees of Araceae cox1 introns, and also of all angiosperm cox1 introns, are
      largely congruent with known phylogenetic relationships in these taxa. The
      exceptions can be explained by low signal in the intron and long-branch
      attraction among a few taxa with high mitochondrial substitution rates. Analysis
      of the 179 coconversion tracts reveals 20 types of tracts (11 of them only found
      in single species, all involving silent substitutions). The distribution of these
      tracts on the angiosperm phylogeny shows a common ancestral type, characterizing
      most intron(+) and some intron(-) angiosperms, and several derivative tract types
      arising from gradual back mutation of the coconverted nucleotides. Molecular
      clock dating of small intron(+) and intron(-) sister clades suggests that
      coconversion tracts have persisted for 70 Myr in Araceae, whose cox1 sequences
      evolve comparatively slowly. Sequence similarity among the 110 introns ranges
      from 91% to identical, whereas putative homologs from fungi are highly different,
      but sampling in fungi is still sparse. Together, these results suggest that the
      cox1 intron entered angiosperms once, has largely or entirely been transmitted
      vertically, and has been lost numerous times, with coconversion tract footprints
      providing unreliable signal of former intron presence.

PMID- 18158324
TI  - Effect of neighborhood exposures on changes in weight among women in Cebu,
      Philippines (1983-2002).
AB  - The authors aimed to identify the contributions of community factors to weight
      change in a cohort of women from Metropolitan Cebu, Philippines, between 1983 and
      2002. The authors created a three-level random-intercept model to see whether
      mean body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) varied by individual- and
      cluster-level variables and identified community characteristics associated with
      changes in BMI among 2,952 nonpregnant women. The average BMI among women living
      in places with four public amenities (telephones, electricity, mail delivery, and
      newspapers) was 0.16 kg/m(2) (95% confidence interval: 0.07, 0.26) higher than
      that of women living in places with fewer than three amenities. An increase in
      population density of 10,000 persons per km(2) was associated with a BMI increase
      of 0.09 kg/m(2) (95% confidence interval: 0.05, 0.13). A model with interactions
      revealed that the effect of population density increased significantly over time.
      These findings confirm earlier observations that in low-income countries, obesity
      starts among the wealthiest communities. Secondary and tertiary prevention
      policies designed to reduce obesity should be implemented in the most
      economically developed areas first. Primary prevention would be most needed in
      less developed areas, where the obesity epidemic is just beginning.

PMID- 18158321
TI  - Initiation of the adaptive immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends
      on antigen production in the local lymph node, not the lungs.
AB  - The onset of the adaptive immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is
      delayed compared with that of other infections or immunization, and allows the
      bacterial population in the lungs to expand markedly during the preimmune phase
      of infection. We used adoptive transfer of M. tuberculosis Ag85B-specific CD4(+)
      T cells to determine that the delayed adaptive response is caused by a delay in
      initial activation of CD4(+) T cells, which occurs earliest in the local lung
      draining mediastinal lymph node. We also found that initial activation of Ag85B
      specific T cells depends on production of antigen by bacteria in the lymph node,
      despite the presence of 100-fold more bacteria in the lungs. Although dendritic
      cells have been found to transport M. tuberculosis from the lungs to the local
      lymph node, airway administration of LPS did not accelerate transport of bacteria
      to the lymph node and did not accelerate activation of Ag85B-specific T cells.
      These results indicate that delayed initial activation of CD4(+) T cells in
      tuberculosis is caused by the presence of the bacteria in a compartment that
      cannot be mobilized from the lungs to the lymph node, where initial T cell
      activation occurs.

PMID- 18158325
TI  - Studying the neurobiology of social interaction with transcranial direct current
      stimulation--the example of punishing unfairness.
AB  - Studying social behavior often requires the simultaneous interaction of many
      subjects. As yet, however, no painless, noninvasive brain stimulation tool
      existed that allowed the simultaneous affection of brain processes in many
      interacting subjects. Here we show that transcranial direct current stimulation
      (tDCS) can overcome these limits. We apply right prefrontal cathodal tDCS and
      show that subjects' propensity to punish unfair behavior is reduced
      significantly.

PMID- 18158326
TI  - The expression of contextual fear conditioning involves activation of an NMDA
      receptor-nitric oxide pathway in the medial prefrontal cortex.
AB  - The ventral portion of medial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) is involved in contextual
      fear-conditioning expression in rats. In the present study, we investigated the
      role of local N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) glutamate receptors and nitric
      oxide (NO) in vMPFC on the behavioral (freezing) and cardiovascular (increase of
      arterial pressure and heart rate) responses of rats exposed to a context fear
      conditioning. The results showed that both freezing and cardiovascular responses
      to contextual fear conditioning were reduced by bilateral administration of NMDA
      receptor antagonist LY235959 (4 nmol/200 nL) into the vMPFC before reexposition
      to conditioned chamber. Bilateral inhibition of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) by
      local vMPFC administration of the N omega-propyl-L-arginine (N-propyl, 0.04
      nmol/200 nL) or the NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO (1 nmol/200 nL) caused similar
      results, inhibiting the fear responses. We also investigated the effects of
      inhibiting glutamate- and NO-mediated neurotransmission in the vMPFC at the time
      of aversive context exposure on reexposure to the same context. It was observed
      that the 1st exposure results in a significant attenuation of the fear responses
      on reexposure in vehicle-treated animals, which was not modified by the drugs.
      The present results suggest that a vMPFC NMDA-NO pathway may play an important
      role on expression of contextual fear conditioning.

PMID- 18158327
TI  - A novel insertion pathway of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins with multiple
      transmembrane segments.
AB  - The central channel Tom40 of the preprotein translocase of outer membrane (TOM)
      complex is thought to be responsible for the import of virtually all preproteins
      synthesized outside the mitochondria. In this study, we analyze the topogenesis
      of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), which integrates into the
      mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) through five hydrophobic transmembrane
      segments (TMSs) and functions in cholesterol import into the inner membrane.
      Analyses of in vitro and in vivo import into TOM component-depleted mitochondria
      reveal that PBR import (1) depends on the import receptor Tom70 but requires
      neither the Tom20 and Tom22 import receptors nor the import channel Tom40, (2)
      shares the post-Tom70 pathway with the C-tail-anchored proteins, and (3) requires
      factors of the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Furthermore, membrane
      integration of mitofusins and mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase, the MOM proteins
      with two and four TMSs, respectively, proceeds through the same initial pathway.
      These findings reveal a previously unidentified pathway of the membrane
      integration of MOM proteins with multiple TMSs.

PMID- 18158329
TI  - Type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase controls neutrophil polarity and
      directional movement.
AB  - Directional cell movement in response to external chemical gradients requires
      establishment of front-rear asymmetry, which distinguishes an up-gradient
      protrusive leading edge, where Rac-induced F-actin polymerization takes place,
      and a down-gradient retractile tail (uropod in leukocytes), where RhoA-mediated
      actomyosin contraction occurs. The signals that govern this spatial and
      functional asymmetry are not entirely understood. We show that the human type I
      phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase isoform beta (PIPKIbeta) has a role in
      organizing signaling at the cell rear. We found that PIPKIbeta polarized at the
      uropod of neutrophil-differentiated HL60 cells. PIPKIbeta localization was
      independent of its lipid kinase activity, but required the 83 C-terminal amino
      acids, which are not homologous to other PIPKI isoforms. The PIPKIbeta C terminus
      interacted with EBP50 (4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM)-binding phosphoprotein 50),
      which enabled further interactions with ERM proteins and the Rho-GDP dissociation
      inhibitor (RhoGDI). Knockdown of PIPKIbeta with siRNA inhibited cell polarization
      and impaired cell directionality during dHL60 chemotaxis, suggesting a role for
      PIPKIbeta in these processes.

PMID- 18158328
TI  - Sequential roles for myosin-X in BMP6-dependent filopodial extension, migration,
      and activation of BMP receptors.
AB  - Endothelial cell migration is an important step during angiogenesis, and its
      dysregulation contributes to aberrant neovascularization. The bone morphogenetic
      proteins (BMPs) are potent stimulators of cell migration and angiogenesis. Using
      microarray analyses, we find that myosin-X (Myo10) is a BMP target gene. In
      endothelial cells, BMP6-induced Myo10 localizes in filopodia, and BMP-dependent
      filopodial assembly decreases when Myo10 expression is reduced. Likewise,
      cellular alignment and directional migration induced by BMP6 are Myo10 dependent.
      Surprisingly, we find that Myo10 and BMP6 receptor ALK6 colocalize in a BMP6
      dependent fashion. ALK6 translocates into filopodia after BMP6 stimulation, and
      both ALK6 and Myo10 possess intrafilopodial motility. Additionally, Myo10 is
      required for BMP6-dependent Smad activation, indicating that in addition to its
      function in filopodial assembly, Myo10 also participates in a requisite
      amplification loop for BMP signaling. Our data indicate that Myo10 is required to
      guide endothelial migration toward BMP6 gradients via the regulation of
      filopodial function and amplification of BMP signals.

PMID- 18158330
TI  - Local cortical pulling-force repression switches centrosomal centration and
      posterior displacement in C. elegans.
AB  - Centrosome positioning is actively regulated by forces acting on microtubules
      radiating from the centrosomes. Two mechanisms, center-directed and polarized
      cortical pulling, are major contributors to the successive centering and
      posteriorly displacing migrations of the centrosomes in single-cell-stage
      Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study, we analyze the spatial distribution of the
      forces acting on the centrosomes to examine the mechanism that switches
      centrosomal migration from centering to displacing. We clarify the spatial
      distribution of the forces using image processing to measure the micrometer-scale
      movements of the centrosomes. The changes in distribution show that polarized
      cortical pulling functions during centering migration. The polarized cortical
      pulling force directed posteriorly is repressed predominantly in the lateral
      regions during centering migration and is derepressed during posteriorly
      displacing migration. Computer simulations show that this local repression of
      cortical pulling force is sufficient for switching between centering and
      displacing migration. Local regulation of cortical pulling might be a mechanism
      conserved for the precise temporal regulation of centrosomal dynamic positioning.

PMID- 18158331
TI  - PR-Set7-dependent lysine methylation ensures genome replication and stability
      through S phase.
AB  - PR-Set7/SET8 is a histone H4-lysine 20 methyltransferase required for normal cell
      proliferation. However, the exact functions of this enzyme remain to be
      determined. In this study, we show that human PR-Set7 functions during S phase to
      regulate cellular proliferation. PR-Set7 associates with replication foci and
      maintains the bulk of H4-K20 mono- and trimethylation. Consistent with a function
      in chromosome dynamics during S phase, inhibition of PR-Set7 methyltransferase
      activity by small hairpin RNA causes a replicative stress characterized by
      alterations in replication fork velocity and origin firing. This stress is
      accompanied by massive induction of DNA strand breaks followed by a robust DNA
      damage response. The DNA damage response includes the activation of ataxia
      telangiectasia mutated and ataxia telangiectasia related kinase-mediated
      pathways, which, in turn, leads to p53-mediated growth arrest to avoid aberrant
      chromosome behavior after improper DNA replication. Collectively, these data
      indicate that PR-Set7-dependent lysine methylation during S phase is an essential
      posttranslational mechanism that ensures genome replication and stability.